Kinds of Matter

There are two kinds of matter, pure substance and mixture (impure substance). Pure substance includes elements, which have metals, non-metals, and metalloids, and compounds, that can be an acid, salt or base. In mixture, we only have two, homogeneous, including solution, and heterogeneous, branched into suspension and colloid. Pure substances are substances that are pure and unmixed. There are two kinds of pure substances, elements and compounds. Elements are chemically indivisible substance, any substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler one by a chemical reaction. Elements consist of atoms with the same number of protons in their nuclei, and 92 occur naturally on Earth. Elements can be metals, which are malleable and ductile, and usually solid, have a characteristic luster, and are good conductors of heat and electricity (e.g. copper or iron). An alloy is a mixture of metals. It is a substance that is a mixture of two or more metals, or of a metal with a nonmetallic material. Another one is metalloids, a nonmetallic element such as silicon that has properties between those of a metal and nonmetal. Lastly, the non-metals, are often gases, and, if solid, nonmetals are generally brittle, sometimes transparent, and do not conduct electricity. On the other hand, compounds, which are branched into three, acid, base, and salt. Let us now go with the acids. Acids taste sour, they changes the color of the indicators, such as litmus paper (a pink dye derived from lichens)which turns red when dropped with acids. Acids often react with some metals to produce hydrogen gas. Bases taste bitter, turn litmus blue, and feel slippery. When aqueous (water) solutions of an acid and a base are combined, a neutralization reaction occurs. This reaction is characteristically very rapid and generally produces water and a salt. Salt, also sodium chloride, is a chemical compound that has the formula NaCl. The term salt is also applied to substances produced by the reaction of an acid with a base, known as a neutralization reaction. Salts are characterized by ionic bonds, relatively high melting points, electrical conductivity when melted or when in solution, and a crystalline structure when in the solid state. Pure substances have constant boiling points, unlike mixtures, which has varying boiling points. Mixture is a substance consisting two or more substances mixed together. Materials in mixtures are not chemically combined. They can easily be separated by physical means. Examples are salt solution and sugar solution. Heterogeneous mixtures are not the same throughout. Example is a mud puddle in the canal and the ginatan that you eat. For each substance, there is a mixture formed when mixed with another substance. And for every mixture there is a classification, homogeneous or heterogeneous. The following is the diagram of the kinds of matter.

Here is the periodic table of elements which are all pure substances. These are metals, metalloids, and nonmetals.

The following are acids, bases, and salt, which are all types of compound. (Acid- acetic acid) (Base- baking powder) (Salt- table salt)

The next pictures are kinds of mixtures, the homogenous solution and heterogeneous suspension or colloid. (Coffee- H. Solution) (Muddy water- H. Suspension) (Milk- H. Colloid)