International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) - Volume4Issue4- April 2013

Design Methodology of Power Supply for Led Lamps

G. Sai Sireesha#1, M. Anil Kumar*2,
#

ECE Department, K L University,

Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Abstract - Designing an off-line power supply involves many aspects of electrical engineering analog and digital circuits, bipolar and MOS power device characteristics, magnetics, thermal considerations, safety requirements, control loop stability, etc. This represents an enormous

challenge involving complex trade-offs with a large number of design variables. As a result, new off-line power supply development has always been tedious and time consuming even for the experts in the field. This application note introduces a simple, yet highly efficient methodology for the design of TOP Switch family based off-line power supplies. For TOP Switch designs. Keywords MOS,TOP Switch,ILIMIT Bridge Rectifier,Feedback Circuitry.

I.Introduction

The design of a switching power supply, by nature, is an iterative process with many variables requiring adjustment to optimize the design. The design method described in this document consists of two major sections: A design flow chart and a step-by-step design procedure. The flow chart shows the design sequence at a conceptual level for TOP Switch power supply design. The step-by-step procedure gives details within each step of the design flow chart, including empirical design guidelines and look-up tables.
II.Basic Circuit Configuration

resulting in one common circuit configuration for all applications. Different output power levels may require different values for some circuit components, but circuit configuration stays unchanged. TOP Switch is a feature-rich product family. Advanced features like under-voltage, overvoltage, external ILIMIT, line feed forward, and remote ON/OFF are easily implemented with a minimal number of external components,but do involve additional design considerations. Other application specific issues such as constant current, constant power outputs,etc. are beyond the scope of this application note. However, such requirements may be satisfied by adding additional circuitry to the basic converter configuration. The only part of the circuit configuration that may change from application to application is the feedback circuitry. The basic circuit configuration used in TOP Switch power supplies, which also serves as the reference circuit for component identifications used in the description throughout this application note.
III.The problem with LEDs

Because of the high level integration of TOP Switch, many power supply design issues are resolved in the chip. Far fewer issues are left to be addressed externally,

Variation in the forward voltage will affect the forward current and hence the luminous flux. Powering an LED chip from an AC source requires a regulator to step-down the 110 to 115 or 230 to 240 V, 50 or 60 Hz mains supply used by most countries
Page 865

ISSN: 2231-5381

http://www.ijettjournal.org

International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) - Volume4Issue4- April 2013

to the modest voltage and current requirements of LEDs. Note that luminaires typically use six to eight LED chips per fixture, so the power requirement for each unit is higher than that for a single LED.

One basic form of LED driver comprises a full wave rectifier connected to an LED string with a resistor in series to limit the current. This approach modulates the LEDs at twice the AC frequency (i.e., 100 to 120 Hz). Because the luminous intensity is proportional to the current, the LED flickers at this rate IV.Design Flow

With the basic circuit configuration as its foundation, the logic behind this design approach can be summarized as follows: 1. Determine system requirements and decide on feedback circuit accordingly. 2. Choose the smallest TOP Switch capable of the required output power. 3. Design the smallest transformer for the TOP Switch chosen. 4. Select all other components to complete the design. The overriding objective of this procedure is design for cost effectiveness.

Step 1: Determine system Requirements

V AC max, VAC min,Line frequency,Output voltage,voltage power,power supply efficiency Universal value, V AC min=85V V AC max=280V
Step 2: Choose feedback circuit and bias

voltage.

ISSN: 2231-5381

http://www.ijettjournal.org

Page 866

International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) - Volume4Issue4- April 2013

voltage ,output voltage and output power. RCD (resistor/capacitor/diode) clamp may be used with Top switch to protect it especially under startup or out put over load conditions.

Step 8: Calculate primary inductance. Step 3: Determine VDC max and VDC

Lp

min ,a storage capacitance based on input voltage and output power.

10 6 Po Z 1 n n 2 n Ip Kp 1 0.5Kp Fs (min)

V max 2 VAC min

Z= loss allocation factor n=Efficiency

Step 4: Set current wave form parameter Kp. Step 9: Choose core and bobbin width based

on switching frequency and output power. *Core effective cross-sectional area Ae:cm2 *Core effective path length Le: cm *Core ungapped effective inductance Al in nH/ turn2 *Bobbin width BW in mm
Step 5: Calculate primary peak current.

Ip

Iavg 1 0.5 Kp D max Vor V min Vds vor

Step 10: Set value for

Where, D max
Iavg

number of primary layers(L). number of secondary turns(Ns). Calculate number of primary turns(Np) Calculate number of bias turns (Nb)
Starting with L=2 Starting with Ns=0.6 turns/volt

Po n V min Drain to source voltage VDS=10V Vor=Rectified output voltage=135V

Step 6:Calculate primary RMS current

IRMS.
Step 7: Choose Top Switch based on input

Vor Vo Vd Vb Vdb Nb Ns Vo Vd VD = 0.4 V for schottky diode VDB= 0.7 V Np Ns

Step 11: Determine primary winding

ISSN: 2231-5381

http://www.ijettjournal.org

Page 867

International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) - Volume4Issue4- April 2013

diameter and secondary winding diameter.

Step 12: Check Magnetic flux density BM ,

VI. References

3000>Bm>2000 (gauss),0.3>Bm>0.2(tesla).
Step 13: Calculate secondary peak current

and secondary RMS current.

Step 14: Determine out put capacitor ripple

current I ripple . Iripple ( I srms 2 Io 2 )

Step 15: Select clamp zener and blocking

diode.
PS output Multiple outputs Single output Vor 100V Blocking diode BYV26C MUR160 UF4005 BYV26C MUR160 UF4005 Clamp zener P6KE150

A Review of the Literature on Light Flicker: Ergonomics, Biological Attributes, Potential Health Effects, and Methods in Which Some LED Lighting May Introduce Flicker, IEEE Standard P1789, February 2010. The Evaluation of Flicker in LED Luminaires, Michael Grather, President, Luminaire Testing Laboratory, Inc. Profile:G. Sai Sireesha, IV/IV B-Tech, ECE Department, K L University,

120V

P6KE180

Step 16: Select output rectifier and output

capacitor. Vr >1.25X PIVs Secondary winding maximum peak inverse voltage,

PIVs Vo (V max Ns ) Np

V.Conclusion

Thus by designing a top switch supply the constant voltage will be given to the LED lamp based on the feedback sent to TOP SWITCH. This acts as AC to DC Converter. This will increase the efficacy of the lamp as it gives constant voltage which will not affect the working of LEDs.

ISSN: 2231-5381

http://www.ijettjournal.org

Page 868