Aula 06

CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS
QUESTES COMENTADAS - AFRFB

PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH
1
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br

Hello, students!
Ol, alunos!

Evolving in the language?
Evoluindo no idioma?

Lets cut to the chase.
Vamos direto ao assunto.

Provas da aula de hoje:

Aula 06: Auditor Fiscal da Receita Federal - ESAF - 2005.
Tcnico da Receita Federal - ESAF - 2005


QUEST

Your answers to questions 21 to 24 must be based on the text below entitled
"A dip in the middle:

Income tax has been paid in Britain for more than two centuries. First
introduced by William Pitt the Younger to
France, it is the Treasurys
receipts. It arouses strong political emotions, regarded as fair by some
because it makes the rich pay a bigger share of their income than the poor,
but unfair by others because it penalizes enterprise and hard

During the past 30 years, income tax has been subject to sweeping changes,
notably the cut in the top rate from 98% to 40% under Margaret Thatcher
between 1979 and 1988. Now another Conservative politician, George
Osborne, is foating a radical
shadow chancellor announced on September 7
commission to explore the possible introduction of a
Britain.

Introducing a fat income tax into Britain would involve two
At present, there are three marginal tax rates. These three rates would be
replaced by a single rate, which would be considerably lower than the
current top rate. At the same time there would be an increase in the tax
personal allowance, currently worth 4,895 pounds.

PROVA

SRF
Cargo: Auditor-Fiscal
Ano: 2005

PROVA 1
Sugiro que imprimam a prova toda e criem o banco de provas

A dip in the middle
Source: The Economist (adapted)
ntroduced by William Pitt the Younger to hnance the war against Napoleonic
France, it is the Treasurys biggest source of revenue, raising 30% of tax
but unfair by others because it penalizes enterprise and hard
oating a radical reform to match that earlier exploit. The
th
that he was setting up a
commission to explore the possible introduction of a f
at income tax into Britain would involve two
current top rate. At the same time there would be an increase in the tax
currently worth 4,895 pounds.
Banco de provas
AFRFB
2

Sep 8
th
2005
nance the war against Napoleonic
biggest source of revenue, raising 30% of tax
but unfair by others because it penalizes enterprise and hard work.
reform to match that earlier exploit. The
fat income tax in
at income tax into Britain would involve two main changes.
current top rate. At the same time there would be an increase in the tax-free
Banco de provas
3

21- According to the text,

a) a commission introduced a f at income tax into Britain.

b) a war once justihed the payment of income tax.

c) a fat income tax would be made up of three tax rates.

d) the reform would yield many economic benehts.

e) George Osborne has managed to introduce the single rate.

22- According to paragraph 2, Margaret Thatcher's government
brought in

a) major alterations to British income tax rates.

b) measures that made cosmetic changes only.

c) a tax system that discourages hard work.

d) proposals imitated by a shady politician.

e) a substantial increase in top taxation rates.

23- The Hat income tax

a) is intended to hinder enterprise and hard work.

b) would be below the present top rate.

c) ought to please low-earners and high-fiers.

d) must generate a cut in public spending.

e) might be hnanced by increases in other taxes.

4

24- In paragraph 3, the author notes that the present tax-free
personal allowance would

a) remain unchanged.

b) be cut.

c) rise.

d) be abolished.

e) be phased out.

"Flight of the French:

Flight of the French

Source: Newsweek (adapted)
Sept 26th/Oct 3
rd
2005

The Belgians call them "hscal refugees, but these refugees wear Chanel.
They are runaways from high taxes in France. Ofh cially, France has lost, on
average, one millionaire or billionaire tax payer per day for tax reasons since
1997, when the government started trying to track capital fight. Privately,
economists say the number is much higher. "The statistic is stupid, holds
French economist Nicolas Baverez. "Its as if, to count contraband, you only
counted what people declared at the border.

While much of Europe has revised its tax codes, Frances hscal inertia is
virtually begging its rich to leave. Holding dear its commitment to galit
and fraternit, France has bucked the trend in the European Union, where
most member states have dropped the wealth tax since the mid-1990s.
France went the opposite way in 1997 by abolishing a cap that limited the
wealth-tax bill, which kicks in at incomes over 720,000 euros to 85% of a
taxpayers income. The result: some pay more taxes than they earn in
income.

3

25- The text refers to France's

a) historic decision to drop its wealth-tax.

b) recent proposal to suppress the wealth-tax.

c) commitment to prevent the so-called capital fight.

d) current hscal policy in relation to the rich.

e) controversial attempt to penalize its hscal refugees.

26- The so-called 'scal refugees' are the

a) feeing taxpayers.

b) successful shareholders.

c) well-known tax attorneys.

d) notorious smugglers.

e) top company executives.

27- According to the author, France

a) might change its hscal system.

b) must preserve its wealth tax.

c) has not changed its hscal policy.

d) ought to slash its public spending.

e) could lose from a tax reform.

6

"The real medicine:

The real medicine

Oct 17
th
2005

People who survive a heart attack often describe it as a wake-up call. But for
a 61-year old executive I met recently, it was more than that. This man was
in the midst of a divorce when he was stricken last spring, and he had fallen
out of touch with friends and family members. The executives doctor,
unaware of the strife in his life, counseled him to change his diet, start
exercising and quit smoking. He also prescribed drugs to lower cholesterol
and blood pressure. It was sound advice, but in combing the medical
literature, the patient discovered that he needed to do more. Studies
suggested that his risk of dying within six months would be four times
greater if he remained depressed and lonely. So he joined a support group
and reordered his priorities, placing relationships at the top of the list
instead of the bottom. His health has improved steadily since then, and so
has his outlook on life. In fact he now describes his heart attack as the best
thing that ever happened to him. "Yes, my arteries are more open, he says.
"But even more important, Im more open.

28- According to the text, the executive

a) actually refused to eat right, exercise and avoid smoking.

b) seems to have increased his risk of early death.

c) agrees that medicine should focus primarily on drugs.

d) declined new choices and priorities in his life.

e) went further in his search for recovery and health.

7

29- The advice given by the doctor is dened as sound. In other
words, it

a) might be effective.

b) is reliable and effective.

c) is questionable.

d) should be looked into.

e) must be deeply researched.

30- The text focuses on the relevance of

a) current scientihc and technological advances.

b) studies carried out by obscure scientists.

c) preventive medicine in relation to some ailments.

d) a desirable change of attitude to life.

e) leading a healthy life in spite of loneliness.

8

PROVA 1: TRADUO E COMENTRIOS

"A dip in the middle:
Suas respostas s questes 21 a 24 devem ser baseadas no texto abaixo
intitulado Um mergulho no meio:

A dip in the middle
Um mergulho no meio
Sep 8
th
2005

introduced by William Pitt the Younger to hnance the war against Napoleonic
France, it is the Treasurys biggest source of revenue, raising 30% of tax
but unfair by others because it penalizes enterprise and hard work.
O imposto de renda tem sido pago na Gr-Bretanha por mais de dois
sculos. Introduzido, primeiramente, por William Pitt the Younger, para
financiar a guerra contra a Frana Napolenica, ele a maior fonte de
arrecadao do Tesouro, aumentando em 30% as receitas dos impostos.
Isto estimula fortes emoes polticas, considerado como justo por alguns
porque ele faz os ricos pagarem uma parte maior de suas rendas do que os
pobres, mas injusto por outros porque penaliza o empreendedorismo e o
trabalho duro.

Osborne, is foating a radical reform to match that earlier exploit. The
th
commission to explore the possible introduction of a fat income tax in
Britain.
Durante os ltimos 30 anos, o imposto de renda foi submetido a mudanas
substanciais, notadamente o corte na alquota mxima de 98% para 40%
durante o governo da Margaret Thatcher, entre 1979 e 1988. Agora, outro
poltico conservador, George Osborne, est sugerindo uma reforma radical
para alcanar a faanha anterior. O obscuro chanceler anunciou, em 7 de
9
setembro, que ele estava constituindo uma comisso para estudar a
possibilidade de introduo de um imposto de renda de alquota nica na
Gr-Bretanha.

Introducing a fat income tax into Britain would involve two main changes.
current top rate. At the same time there would be an increase in the tax-free
personal allowance, currently worth 4,895 pounds.
A introduo de um imposto de renda de alquota nica na Gr-Bretanha
envolveria duas mudanas principais. Atualmente, existem trs alquotas
marginais. Estas trs alquotas marginais seriam substitudas por uma nica
alquota, que seria consideravelmente menor que a atual alquota mxima.
Ao mesmo tempo, haveria um aumento da renda pessoal isenta, que,
atualmente, vale 4.895 libras.

21 - According to the text,
De acordo com o texto,

a) a commission introduced a fat income tax into Britain.
a comisso introduziu um imposto de renda de alquota nica na Gr-
Bretanha.

b) a war once justied the payment of income tax.
uma guerra certa vez justificou o pagamento de imposto de renda.

c) a fat income tax would be made up of three tax rates.
um imposto de renda de alquota nica seria criado a partir de trs
alquotas.

d) the reform would yield many economic benehts.
a reforma traria muitos benefcios econmicos.

e) George Osborne has managed to introduce the single rate.
George Osborne conseguiu introduzir o imposto de alquota nica.

Letra A - Errada. O autor afirma que ser constituda uma comisso para
explorar a possibilidade de introduzir o imposto de renda de alquota nica
na Inglaterra. Logo, tal imposto no foi introduzido ainda. Pessoal, sempre
prestem ateno ao tempo verbal tanto do texto como das alternativas, ok?
No caiam em pegadinhas!

10
The shadow chancellor announced on September 7
th
commission to explore the possible introduction of a fat income tax in Britain.
O obscuro chanceler anunciou, em 7 de setembro, que ele estava constituindo uma
comisso para estudar a possibilidade de introduo de um imposto de renda de
alquota nica na Gr-Bretanha.

Letra B - Correta. o que nos informa a passagem abaixo:

Income tax has been paid in Britain for more than two centuries. First introduced by
William Pitt the Younger to nance the war against Napoleonic France.
O imposto de renda tem sido pago na Gr-Bretanha por mais de dois sculos.
Introduzido, primeiramente, por William Pitt the Younger, para financiar a guerra
contra a Frana Napolenica...

Letra C - Errada. Se o imposto de renda ser de alquota nica (flat
income tax), no pode ter trs alquotas (three tax rates). O que o autor diz
que hoje h trs alquotas que sero substitudas (replaced) pelo imposto
de renda de alquota nica.

Introducing a fat income tax into Britain would involve two main changes. At present,
there are three marginal tax rates. These three rates would be replaced by a
single rate, which would be considerably lower than the current top rate. A introduo
de um imposto de renda de alquota nica na Gr-Bretanha envolveria duas mudanas
principais. Atualmente, existem trs alquotas marginais. Estas trs alquotas
marginais seriam substitudas por uma nica alquota, que seria
consideravelmente menor que a atual alquota mxima.

Letra D - Errada. Eis uma pegadinha. O que o enunciado nos pede que
marquemos a resposta de acordo com o texto (according to the text). O
texto cita tais benefcios econmicos? No! Eles podem ocorrer em razo da
adoo do pelo imposto de renda de alquota nica? Sim, mas o examinador
no pediu que inferssemos nada, certo? Pediu uma resposta de acordo com
o texto. Cuidado com esse tipo de pegadinha. Cruel!

Letra E - Errada. Como vimos na letra A, o imposto de alquota nica
ainda um projeto que est sendo analisado por uma comisso criada por
George Osborne, mas ainda no foi introduzido.

11

22- According to paragraph 2, Margaret Thatcher's government
brought in
De acordo com o pargrafo 2, o governo de Margaret Thatcher trouxe

a) major alterations to British income tax rates.
importantes alteraes nas alquotas de imposto de renda britnico.

b) measures that made cosmetic changes only.
medidas que fizeram apenas mudanas cosmticas.

c) a tax system that discourages hard work.
um sistema de impostos que desencoraja o trabalho duro.

d) proposals imitated by a shady politician.
propostas imitadas por polticos desonestos.

e) a substantial increase in top taxation rates.
um aumento substancial nas alquotas mais alta de impostos.

Relembrem o pargrafo 2:

notably the cut in the top rate from 98% to 40% under Margaret Thatcher between
1979 and 1988. Now another Conservative politician, George Osborne, is foating a
radical reform to match that earlier exploit. The shadow chancellor announced on
September 7
th
that he was setting up a commission to explore the possible introduction
of a fat income tax in Britain.
Durante os ltimos 30 anos, o imposto de renda foi submetido a mudanas
substanciais, notadamente o corte na alquota mxima de 98% para 40% durante o
governo da Margaret Thatcher, entre 1979 e 1988. Agora, outro poltico
conservador, George Osborne, est sugerindo uma reforma radical para alcanar a
faanha anterior. O obscuro chanceler anunciou, em 7 de setembro, que ele estava
constituindo uma comisso para estudar a possibilidade de introduo de um imposto
de renda de alquota nica na Gr-Bretanha.

SWEEPING CHANGES = MAJOR ALTERATIONS
mudanas substanciais = importantes alteraes

Letra A.

12

23- The Hat income tax
O imposto de renda de alquota nica

a) is intended to hinder enterprise and hard work.
tem o objetivo de atrapalhar o empreendedorismo e o trabalho duro.

b) would be below the present top rate.
estaria abaixo da alquota mxima atual.

c) ought to please low-earners and high-fiers.
deve agradar indivduos de baixos ganhos e de altos ganhos.

d) must generate a cut in public spending.
deve gerar um corte nos gastos pblicos.

e) might be hnanced by increases in other taxes.
pode ser financiado pelo aumento de outros impostos.

Usem o quadro-resumo de MODAIS para ajud-los a entender as
assertivas.

Errada. Segundo a opinio de algumas pessoas, o imposto de renda
(income tax) e no o imposto de renda de alquota nica (flat income tax)
que atrapalha (hinder) o empreendedorismo e o trabalho duro (hard work).
Alm do mais, em momento algum o autor afirma que o imposto de renda
de alquota nica tem o objetivo citado na assertiva. Vejam:

Income tax has been paid in Britain for more than two centuries. (.)It arouses strong
political emotions, regarded as fair by some because it makes the rich pay a bigger
share of their income than the poor, but unfair by others because it penalizes
enterprise and hard work.
O imposto de renda tem sido pago na Gr-Bretanha por mais de dois sculos. (...) Isto
estimula fortes emoes polticas, considerado como justo por alguns porque ele faz os
ricos pagarem uma parte maior de suas rendas do que os pobres, mas injusto por
outros porque penaliza o empreendedorismo e o trabalho duro.

Letra B - Correta. Vejam:

Introducing a fat income tax into Britain would involve two main changes. At present,
there are three marginal tax rates. These three rates would be replaced by a single
rate, which would be considerably lower than the current top rate.
13
A introduo de um imposto de renda de alquota nica na Gr-Bretanha envolveria
duas mudanas principais. Atualmente, existem trs alquotas marginais. Estas trs
alquotas marginais seriam substitudas por uma nica alquota, que seria
consideravelmente menor que a atual alquota mxima.

considerably lower = below
consideravelmente menor abaixo

present = current
presente, atual atual

Assim:

which would be considerably lower than the current top rate
que seria consideravelmente menor que a atual alquota mxima

=

would be below the present top rate
estaria abaixo da alquota mxima atual

Letra C - Errada. O texto no afirma isso

Letra D - Errada. O texto no trata disso.

Letra E - Errada. O autor no nos informa como o imposto de renda de
alquota nica seria financiado. O que ele nos diz que poderia haver um
aumento da renda mnima isenta (increase in the tax-free personal
allowance)

Cuidado com aquela velha pegadinha que o examinador cria de colocar na
assertiva algo parecido com o que temos no texto, porm com alteraes
sutis de palavras que causam enormes alteraes de sentido.

increase in the tax-free personal allowance
aumento no valor da renda que isenta de imposto

=

increases in other taxes
aumento de outros impostos

14

24- In paragraph 3, the author notes that the present tax-free
personal allowance would
No pargrafo 3, o autor registra que o atual valor da renda isenta de
imposto

a) remain unchanged.
permaneceria inalterada.

b) be cut.
seria cortada.

c) rise.
aumentaria.

d) be abolished.
seria abolida.

e) be phased out.
seria extinta gradualmente.

Agora a vez do nosso "Memorex-movimentao. Praticamente todo o
vocabulrio da questo consta em nosso quadro-resumo.

At the same time there would be an increase in the tax-free personal allowance,
currently worth 4,895 pounds.
Ao mesmo tempo, haveria um aumento da renda pessoal isenta, que,
atualmente, vale 4.895 libras.

INCREASE = RISE

Ateno ao PHRASAL VERB da letra E:

TO PHASE OUT extinguir gradualmente, interromper
ou remover em estgios.

Letra C.

13

"Flight of the French:
intitulado A Fuga dos Franceses:

Flight of the French
A Fuga dos Franceses
Sept 26th/Oct 3
rd
2005

The Belgians call them "hscal refugees, but these refugees wear Chanel.
They are runaways from high taxes in France. Ofhcially, France has lost, on
average, one millionaire or billionaire tax payer per day for tax reasons since
1997, when the government started trying to track capital fight. Privately,
economists say the number is much higher. "The statistic is stupid, holds
French economist Nicolas Baverez. "Its as if, to count contraband, you only
counted what people declared at the border.
Os belgas os chamam de "refugiados fiscais", mas esses refugiados usam
Chanel. Eles so fugitivos de altos impostos na Frana. Oficialmente, a
Frana perdeu, em mdia, um milionrio ou bilionrio pagador de imposto
por dia, por razes fiscais desde 1997, quando o governo comeou a tentar
rastrear a fuga de capitais. Privadamente, os economistas dizem que o
nmero muito maior. "A estatstica estpida", sustenta o economista
francs Nicolas Baverez. " como se, para contar o contrabando, voc s
contasse o que as pessoas declarassem na fronteira."

While much of Europe has revised its tax codes, Frances hscal inertia is
virtually begging its rich to leave. Holding dear its commitment to galit
and fraternit, France has bucked the trend in the European Union, where
most member states have dropped the wealth tax since the mid-1990s.
France went the opposite way in 1997 by abolishing a cap that limited the
wealth-tax bill, which kicks in at incomes over 720,000 euros to 85% of a
taxpayers income. The result: some pay more taxes than they earn in
income.
Enquanto grande parte da Europa reviu seus cdigos fiscais, a inrcia fiscal da
Frana est praticamente suplicando que seus ricos vo embora. Abraando seu
compromisso com a igualdade e fraternidade, a Frana contrariou a tendncia na
Unio Europeia, onde a maioria dos Estados-membros diminuiu o imposto sobre a
riqueza a partir de meados da dcada de 1990. A Frana foi no caminho inverso em
1997, abolindo um teto que limitava a conta do imposto sobre riqueza, que entra
em ao para rendas de mais de 720.000 euros para 85% da renda do contribuinte.
O resultado: alguns pagam mais impostos do que ganham em rendimentos.

16

25- The text refers to France's
O texto refere-se a

a) historic decision to drop its wealth-tax.
deciso histrica da Frana de acabar com seu imposto sobre a riqueza.

b) recent proposal to suppress the wealth-tax.
recente proposta da Frana de acabar com o imposto sobre a riqueza.

c) commitment to prevent the so-called capital fight.
o compromisso da Frana de evitar a chamada fuga de capital.

d) current scal policy in relation to the rich.
atual poltica fiscal da Frana em relao aos ricos.

e) controversial attempt to penalize its hscal refugees.
tentativa controversa da Frana de penalizar seus refugiados fiscais.

While much of Europe has revised its tax codes, Frances hscal inertia is virtually
begging its rich to leave. Holding dear its commitment to galit and fraternit, France
has bucked the trend in the European Union, where most member states have dropped
the wealth tax since the mid-1990s. France went the opposite way in 1997 by
abolishing a cap that limited the wealth-tax bill, which kicks in at incomes over 720,000
euros to 85% of a taxpayers income. The result: some pay more taxes than they earn
in income.
Enquanto grande parte da Europa reviu seus cdigos fiscais, a inrcia fiscal da Frana
est praticamente suplicando que seus ricos vo embora. Abraando seu compromisso
com a igualdade e fraternidade, a Frana contrariou a tendncia na Unio Europeia,
onde a maioria dos Estados-membros diminuiu o imposto sobre a riqueza a partir de
meados da dcada de 1990. A Frana foi no caminho inverso em 1997, abolindo um
teto que limitava a conta do imposto sobre riqueza, que entra em ao para rendas de
mais de 720.000 euros para 85% da renda do contribuinte. O resultado: alguns pagam
mais impostos do que ganham em rendimentos.

Letra A - Errada. Acabar (drop) com o imposto sobre a riqueza (wealth-
tax) uma tendncia (trend) que se iniciou na Unio Europeia em meados
dos anos 90, mas que a Frana no seguiu, ou seja, tomou o caminho
inverso (went the opposite way).

Letra B - Errada. A Frana no props acabar com este imposto. Ela vive
um quadro de inrcia fiscal que gera a sada de contribuintes do pas - a
17
quem o autor chama de refugiados fiscais (fiscal refugees).

Letra C - Errada. O compromisso (commitment) da Frana com a
igualdade e fraternidade - o que a coloca em um estado de inrcia fiscal,
pois o governo no pretende acabar com o imposto sobre a riqueza
(wealth). Tal situao acarreta a sada dos ricos do pas, ou seja, a fuga de
capital (capital flight).

Letra D - Correta. E qual tal poltica (policy)? A possibilidade de taxao
sobre rendas de mais de 720 mil euros com alquotas podendo ultrapassar
85% da renda do contribuinte (taxpayers income).

Letra E - Errada. O texto no cita tal penalizao.

26- The so-called 'scal refugees' are the
Os chamados refugiados fiscais so

a) Heeing taxpayers.
contribuintes fugitivos.

b) successful shareholders.
acionistas bem-sucedidos.

c) well-known tax attorneys.
advogados tributaristas bem conhecidos.

d) notorious smugglers.
notrios contrabandistas.

e) top company executives.
altos executivos de empresas.

O texto nos diz com clareza quem so os FISCAL REFUGEES:

The Belgians call them "hscal refugees, but these refugees wear Chanel. They are
runaways from high taxes in France.
Os belgas os chamam de "refugiados fiscais", mas esses refugiados usam Chanel. Eles
so fugitivos de altos impostos na Frana.

18

TO RUNAWAY
Fugir

RUNAWAY
Fugitivo
Desertor

O verbo TO FLY (que creio que muitos conhecem apenas como "voar) em
nosso contexto assume o sentido de:
Fugir
Escapar
Desaparecer rapidamente

FLEEING pode ser entendido como "os que fogem, os que escapam.

Se eles fogem dos altos impostos, porque so contribuintes (taxpayers).

Assim:
FISCAL REFUGEES = FLEEING TAXPAYERS
fugitivos fiscais = contribuintes que fogem

Letra A.

27- According to the author, France
De acordo com o autor, a Frana

a) might change its hscal system.
talvez mude seu sistema fiscal.

b) must preserve its wealth tax.
deve preservar seu imposto sobre a riqueza.

c) has not changed its scal policy.
no mudou sua poltica fiscal.

d) ought to slash its public spending.
deve cortar seu gasto pblico.

e) could lose from a tax reform.
poderia perder com uma reforma fiscal.
19

Quadro de modais a postos para nos auxiliar na resoluo da questo?
Vamos l:

While much of Europe has revised its tax codes, Frances hscal inertia is virtually
begging its rich to leave. Holding dear its commitment to galit and fraternit, France
has bucked the trend in the European Union, where most member states have dropped
the wealth tax since the mid-1990s. France went the opposite way in 1997 by
abolishing a cap that limited the wealth-tax bill, which kicks in at incomes over 720,000
euros to 85% of a taxpayers income. The result: some pay more taxes than they earn
in income.
Enquanto grande parte da Europa reviu seus cdigos fiscais, a inrcia fiscal da Frana
est praticamente suplicando que seus ricos vo embora. Abraando seu compromisso
com a igualdade e fraternidade, a Frana contrariou a tendncia na Unio Europeia,
onde a maioria dos Estados-membros diminuiu o imposto sobre a riqueza a partir de
meados da dcada de 1990. A Frana foi no caminho inverso em 1997, abolindo um
teto que limitava a conta do imposto sobre riqueza, que entra em ao para rendas de
mais de 720.000 euros para 85% da renda do contribuinte. O resultado: alguns pagam
mais impostos do que ganham em rendimentos.

Apesar do trecho que explica o fato da Frana no ter alterado sua poltica
fiscal ser razoavelmente extenso, era preciso apenas entender o cognato
FISCAL INERTIA. Se o quadro de inrcia fiscal, podemos concluir que a
poltica fiscal (fiscal policy) no mudou (not changed).

FISCAL INERTIA = FRANCE HAS NOT CHANGED ITS FISCAL POLICY

Letra C.

20

"The real medicine:
intitulado O verdadeiro remdio:

The real medicine
O verdadeiro remdio

Oct 17
th
2005

People who survive a heart attack often describe it as a wake-up call. But for
a 61-year old executive I met recently, it was more than that. This man was
in the midst of a divorce when he was stricken last spring, and he had fallen
out of touch with friends and family members. The executives doctor,
unaware of the strife in his life, counseled him to change his diet, start
exercising and quit smoking. He also prescribed drugs to lower cholesterol
and blood pressure. It was sound advice, but in combing the medical
literature, the patient discovered that he needed to do more. Studies
suggested that his risk of dying within six months would be four times
greater if he remained depressed and lonely. So he joined a support group
and reordered his priorities, placing relationships at the top of the list
instead of the bottom. His health has improved steadily since then, and so
has his outlook on life. In fact he now describes his heart attack as the best
thing that ever happened to him. "Yes, my arteries are more open, he says.
"But even more important, Im more open.
Pessoas que sobrevivem a um ataque do corao, muitas vezes o descrevem
como uma chamada de despertar. Mas para um executivo de 61 anos que
conheci recentemente, foi mais do que isso. Este homem estava no meio de
um divrcio quando ele foi atingido na ltima primavera, e ele havia perdido
contato com amigos e familiares. O mdico do executivo, sem saber sobre o
conflito em sua vida, aconselhou-o a mudar sua dieta, comear a se
exercitar e parar de fumar. Ele tambm prescreveu medicamentos para baixar o
colesterol e a presso arterial. Foi um bom conselho, mas vasculhando a literatura
mdica, o paciente descobriu que ele precisava fazer mais. Estudos sugeriram que
o seu risco de morrer dentro de seis meses seria quatro vezes maior se ele
permanecesse deprimido e solitrio. Assim, ele se juntou a um grupo de apoio
e reordenou suas prioridades, colocando os relacionamentos pessoais no topo da
lista em vez de embaixo. Sua sade tem melhorado continuamente desde ento, e
sua viso sobre a vida. Na verdade, ele agora descreve seu ataque cardaco como a
melhor coisa que j aconteceu com ele. "Sim, minhas artrias esto mais abertas,"
diz ele. "Mas ainda mais importante, estou mais aberto."

21

28- According to the text, the executive
De acordo com o texto, o executivo

a) actually refused to eat right, exercise and avoid smoking.
recusou-se a comer direito, fazer exerccios e evitou fumar.

b) seems to have increased his risk of early death.
parece ter aumentado seu risco de morte prematura.

c) agrees that medicine should focus primarily on drugs.
concorda que a medicina deve se concentrar principalmente em drogas.

d) declined new choices and priorities in his life.
recusou novas escolhas e prioridades em sua vida.

e) went further in his search for recovery and health.
foi mais longe em sua busca por recuperao e sade.
Atentem para o fato de que a recuperao do empresrio deu-se em duas
frentes:

1 - Dieta, exerccios, parar de fumar e remdios (diet, exercising, quit
smoking, drugs)

The executives doctor, unaware of the strife in his life, counseled him to change his
diet, start exercising and quit smoking. He also prescribed drugs to lower cholesterol
and blood pressure.
O mdico do executivo, sem saber sobre o conflito em sua vida, aconselhou-o a
mudar sua dieta, comear a se exercitar e parar de fumar. Ele tambm prescreveu
medicamentos para baixar o colesterol e a presso arterial.

2 - Mudana de estilo de vida. desta passagem que podemos depreender
que o empresrio foi mais longe em sua busca por recuperao e sade
(went further in his search for recovery and health).

It was sound advice, but in combing the medical literature, the patient discovered that
he needed to do more. Studies suggested that his risk of dying within six months would
be four times greater if he remained depressed and lonely. So he joined a support
group and reordered his priorities, placing relationships at the top of the list instead of
the bottom. His health has improved steadily since then, and so has his outlook on life.
In fact he now describes his heart attack as the best thing that ever happened to him.
"Yes, my arteries are more open, he says. "But even more important, Im more
22

Letra E.
open.
Foi um bom conselho, mas vasculhando a literatura mdica, o paciente descobriu que
ele precisava fazer mais. Estudos sugerem que o seu risco de morrer dentro de seis
meses seria quatro vezes maior se ele permanecesse deprimido e solitrio. Assim,
ele se juntou a um grupo de apoio e reordenou suas prioridades, colocando os
relacionamentos pessoais no topo da lista em vez de embaixo. Sua sade tem
melhorado continuamente desde ento, e sua viso sobre a vida. Na verdade, ele agora
descreve seu ataque cardaco como a melhor coisa que j aconteceu com
ele. "Sim, minhas artrias esto mais abertas," diz ele. "Mas ainda mais importante,
estou mais aberto."

29- The advice given by the doctor is dened as sound. In other
words, it
O conselho dado pelo mdico definido como SOUND. Em outras palavras,
ele

a) might be effective.
pode ser eficaz.

b) is reliable and effective.
confivel e eficaz.

c) is questionable.
questionvel.

d) should be looked into.
deve ser analisado.

e) must be deeply researched.
deve ser profundamente pesquisado.

Vimos uma questo da ESAF na aula passada cobrando essa mesma
palavra! Nas pginas 11 e 12 da Aula 05 temos a explicao.

Letra B.

23

30- The text focuses on the relevance of
O texto foca na relevncia de

a) current scientihc and technological advances.
atuais avanos cientficos e tecnolgicos.

b) studies carried out by obscure scientists.
os estudos realizados por cientistas obscuros.

c) preventive medicine in relation to some ailments.
medicina preventiva em relao a algumas doenas.

d) a desirable change of attitude to life.
uma mudana desejvel de atitude perante a vida.

e) leading a healthy life in spite of loneliness.
levar uma vida saudvel, apesar da solido.

Recordem os trechos do texto que nos apontam a resposta:

Studies suggested that his risk of dying within six months would be four times greater
if he remained depressed and lonely. So he joined a support group and reordered his
priorities, placing relationships at the top of the list instead of the bottom. His health
has improved steadily since then, and so has his outlook on life. In fact he now
describes his heart attack as the best thing that ever happened to him. "Yes, my
arteries are more open, he says. "But even more important, Im more open.
Estudos sugeriram que o seu risco de morrer dentro de seis meses seria quatro
vezes maior se ele permanecesse deprimido e solitrio. Assim, ele se juntou a
um grupo de apoio e reordenou suas prioridades, colocando os relacionamentos
pessoais no topo da lista em vez de embaixo. Sua sade tem melhorado continuamente
desde ento, e sua viso sobre a vida. Na verdade, ele agora descreve seu ataque
cardaco como a melhor coisa que j aconteceu com ele. "Sim, minhas artrias esto
mais abertas," diz ele. "Mas ainda mais importante, estou mais aberto."

Questo que demandava uma compreenso geral do texto. Ainda que o
candidato desconhecesse determinadas palavras, o entendimento do
sentido como um todo era suficiente para acertar. At mesmo o ttulo
indicava a resposta, uma vez que o verdadeiro remdio (real medicine)
tratado no corpo do texto a mudana de atitude perante a vida (change of
attitude to life).

24

Destaco a importncia de conhecerem o PHRASAL VERB que aparece na
assertiva B:

TO CARRY OUT executar, efetuar, realizar, conduzir,
implementar

Letra D.


QUEST

Read the text entitled "The case for
31 to 34:

Estonias economy has grown impressively since its 1994 reform. Growth
reached double digits in 1997, and has since settled at around 6% annually,
after a slump at the turn of the century. Repealing its high tax rate on the
rich did not erode the country
1993, general government revenues were 39.4% of the gross domestic
product (GDP); in 2002, they were 39.6%. Estonia now plans to cut its
tax from 26% to 20% by 2007.

How much do Estonias robust revenues owe t
less than is frequently advertised. In 1993, the year before its reform,
Estonias multiple personal income taxes raised revenues amounting to 8.2%
of GDP. In 2002, its
Indeed, the fat income tax that generated so much excitement abroad
seems to be carrying less weight than Estonias old
tax (VAT), which raised 9.4% of GDP in revenues in 2002.

VAT is, of course, the fattest tax of all. It levies a uniform
you buy, taking a constant cut of your money when it is spent as opposed to
when it is earned. Estonias VAT is also quite broad, leaving relatively few
things out (hydropower and windpower were two curious exceptions).

PROVA

SRF
Cargo: Tcnico da Receita Federal
Ano: 2005

PROVA 2

Read the text entitled "The case for fat taxes in order to answer
The case for Hat taxes

rich did not erode the countrys tax base as some might have feared. In
product (GDP); in 2002, they were 39.6%. Estonia now plans to cut its
tax from 26% to 20% by 2007.
How much do Estonias robust revenues owe to its fat income tax? Perhaps
of GDP. In 2002, its fat income tax raised revenues worth just 7.2%.
at income tax that generated so much excitement abroad
seems to be carrying less weight than Estonias old-fashioned value
attest tax of all. It levies a uniform
Tcnico da Receita Federal
Banco de provas
AFRFB
23

at taxes in order to answer questions
Apr 14
th
2005
s tax base as some might have feared. In
product (GDP); in 2002, they were 39.6%. Estonia now plans to cut its fat
at income tax? Perhaps
at income tax raised revenues worth just 7.2%.
at income tax that generated so much excitement abroad
fashioned value-added

attest tax of all. It levies a uniform rate on the goods
Banco de provas
26

31 - In paragraph 1, the author provides a brief outline of

a) Estonias growth in 1994.

b) a countrys reform attempt.

c) Estonias burdensome tax system.

d) a countrys growth and hscal policy.

e) a countrys upcoming interest rates.

32- The author mentions a slump in Estonia's growth at the turn of
the century which characterizes

a) a much less successful period.

b) a remarkable period of prosperity.

c) a slightly better hscal period.

d) a landmark in Estonias growth.

e) the beginning of Estonias growth.

33- In paragraph 2, the role played by Estonia's Hat income tax in
relation to its "robust revenues" is

a) ignored.

b) questioned.

c) omitted.

d) not mentioned.

e) disregarded.

27

34- In paragraph 3, the author refers to VAT, a tax which

a) is about to be raised.

b) may frequently be dodged.

c) might be repealed.

d) will be simplihed.

e) has already been set.

Read the text entitled "The prices of sin in order to answer questions 35 to
37:

The prices of sin
Aug 25
th
2005

Much ministerial brow-sweat has been devoted to turning Britons into
ealthier, better-adjusted citizens, but the public has a nasty habit of spoiling
the party. New hgures provoked hand-wringing this week when they
suggested that British alcohol consumption is rising even as the French and
the Germans are drinking less. Alcohol-fuelled crime is on the increase and
smoking rates, which the government has promised to reduce, are stuck.

To economists, the solution is obvious: just raise taxes on the goods in
question. Successive governments have taken this advice to heart, leaving
Britain with some of the highest "sin taxes in Europe. Yet Labour has
abandoned hscal tinkering for a sort of social engineering that comes over as
inconsistent: liberal laws that allow pubs to open around the clock in the
hope of curing Britains drink culture sit oddly with authoritarian plans to
forbid smoking in public places.

28

35- The author

a) describes the successful health service in Germany.

b) looks into the increase in alcohol consumption in France.

c) comments on the politics of alcohol in Britain.

d) praises the effectiveness of some British social policies.

e) sets up policies concerning alcohol consumption in Britain.

36- In paragraph 1, the new gures related to the British alcohol
consumption are said to have caused

a) worries.

b) consternation.

c) relief.

d) disbelief.

e) mistrust.

37- According to the text, the "sin taxes"

a) are likely to be adopted in Britain.

b) have been proposed by the German authorities.

c) should have been implemented in Britain.

d) must be forbidden by the European Union.

e) have been put into practice by British governments.

29

Read the interview below entitled "When should you start to worry? in order
to answer questions 38 to 40:

When should we start to worry

Oct 17, 2005

I'm concerned about the long-term risks of drinking a lot of caffeine
(two or more cups of coffee a day). I have no family history of heart
disease and no history of heart trouble. Am I at risk?

Dr. Thomas H. Lee: I wouldnt worry about the caffeine in a few cups of
coffee. Lots of caffeine can rev up your heart and make it beat faster,
occasionally even launching into prolonged periods of a racing heart. You will
almost surely feel palpitations if you get these abnormal heartbeats, and
then you should heed your bodys advice to cut back on the caffeine. Heavy
coffee drinkers dont have a higher risk of cardiomyopathy (damaged heart
muscle) or heart attacks. If you do decide to cut back on caffeine, you may
experience headaches during the transition.

Until recently, vitamin E was touted as a good-heart supplement.
Now several studies indicate that vitamin E supplements can
increase the risk of heart disease or stroke. Does the medical
community agree?

Dr. Thomas H. Lee: You have it right. In the 1990s, vitamin E was very
promising - but controversial. Epidemiological studies showed that regular
vitamin E users had 20 to 40 percent lower rates of heart disease than
nonusers. Since then, larger experiments have not shown any beneht from
taking vitamin E.

30

38- In his answer to question 1, Dr. Lee warns against drinking lots
of caffeine since it

a) might cause a sudden faint.

b) can slow the heartbeats.

c) may accelerate the heartbeats.

d) will surely increase the heartbeats.

e) damages the heart muscle.

39- According to Dr. Lee, we should listen to our body's advice to
"cut back on the caffeine". In other words, our body advises us

a) not to stop drinking it.

b) to reduce our caffeine intake.

c) to increase caffeine consumption.

d) to regularly consume caffeine.

e) to quit caffeine consumption.

40- In his answer to question 2, Dr. Lee

a) prescribes the intake of vitamin E supplements.

b) points out the risks of taking vitamin E.

c) bears out the claim that supplements are risky.

d) demystihes the benehts from taking vitamin E.

e) corroborates the benefits of vitamin E intake.

31

PROVA 2: TRADUO E COMENTRIOS

Read the text entitled "The case for flat taxes in order to answer questions
31 to 34:
Leia o texto intitulado "O caso para os impostos de alquota nica" a fim de
responder s perguntas de 31 a 34:

The case for flat taxes
O caso para os impostos de alquota nica
Apr 14th 2005

rich did not erode the countrys tax base as some might have feared. In
product (GDP); in 2002, they were 39.6%. Estonia now plans to cut its flat
tax from 26% to 20% by 2007.
A economia da Estnia cresceu de forma impressionante desde a reforma de
1994. O crescimento atingiu dois dgitos em 1997, e desde ento se
estabeleceu em torno de 6% ao ano, depois de uma queda na virada do
sculo. Repelir a alta taxa fiscal sobre os ricos no corroeu a base tributria
do pas como alguns podiam ter temido. Em 1993, as receitas
governamentais gerais eram 39,4% do produto interno bruto (PIB); em
2002, eram 39,6%. A Estnia agora planeja reduzir seu imposto de alquota
nica de 26% para 20% at 2007.

How much do Estonias robust revenues owe to its flat income tax? Perhaps
of GDP. In 2002, its flat income tax raised revenues worth just 7.2%.
Indeed, the flat income tax that generated so much excitement abroad
seems to be carrying less weight than Estonias old-fashioned value-added
Quanto as receitas robustas da Estnia devem a seu imposto de renda de
alquota nica? Talvez menos do que frequentemente anunciado. Em 1993,
um ano antes da sua reforma, os mltiplos impostos de renda pessoal da
Estnia angariaram receitas no valor de 8,2% do PIB. Em 2002, seu imposto
de renda de alquota nica angariou receitas no valor de apenas 7,2%. De
32
fato, o imposto de renda de alquota nica que gerou tanta excitao no
exterior parece estar carregando menos peso do que o antiquado imposto
sobre valor agregado (IVA) da Estnia que levantou 9,4% do PIB em
receitas em 2002.

VAT is, of course, the flattest tax of all. It levies a uniform rate on the goods
IVA , naturalmente, o mais plano de todos os imposto. Ele cobra uma taxa
uniforme sobre os bens que voc compra, levando uma parte constante do
seu dinheiro quando ele gasto ao contrrio de quando ele ganho. IVA da
Estnia tambm bastante amplo, deixando relativamente poucas coisas de
fora (energia hidreltrica e elica foram duas excees curiosas).

31 - In paragraph 1, the author provides a brief outline of
No pargrafo 1, o autor fornece uma breve descrio de

a) Estonias growth in 1994.
crescimento da Estnia em 1994.

b) a countrys reform attempt.
tentativa de reforma de um pas.

c) Estonias burdensome tax system.
sistema fiscal oneroso da Estnia.

d) a country's growth and fiscal policy.
crescimento de um pas e sua poltica fiscal.

e) a countrys upcoming interest rates.
futuras taxas de juros de um pas.

Vejamos:

Estonias economy has grown impressively since its 1994 reform. Growth reached
double digits in 1997, and has since settled at around 6% annually, after a slump at
the turn of the century. Repealing its high tax rate on the rich did not erode the
countrys tax base as some might have feared. In 1993, general government revenues
were 39.4% of the gross domestic product (GDP); in 2002, they were 39.6%. Estonia
now plans to cut its flat tax from 26% to 20% by 2007.
A economia da Estnia cresceu de forma impressionante desde a reforma de 1994. O
33
crescimento atingiu dois dgitos em 1997, e desde ento se estabeleceu em torno de
6% ao ano, depois de uma queda na virada do sculo. Repelir a alta taxa fiscal sobre
os ricos no corroeu a base tributria do pas como alguns podiam ter temido. Em
1993, as receitas governamentais gerais eram 39,4% do produto interno bruto (PIB);
em 2002, eram 39,6%. A Estnia agora planeja reduzir seu imposto de alquota nica
de 26% para 20% at 2007.

Letra A - Errada. O autor fala que a Estnia cresceu de forma
impressionante (grown impressively) desde/ a partir (since) de sua reforma
de 1994 e no apenas no ano de 1994.

Letra B - Errada. Houve a reforma e no apenas uma tentativa de reforma
(reform attempt).

Letra C - Errada. O texto no fala que o sistema fiscal da Estnia seja
oneroso (burdensome). Apenas o descreve. Alm disso, o pargrafo no
trata apenas de poltica fiscal. Fala tambm de crescimento.

Letra D - Correta. O pargrafo fala tanto de poltica fiscal (tax policy)
quanto de growth (crescimento).

Letra E - Errada. Futura taxa de juros (upcoming interest rates) citada
apenas na ltima linha do pargrafo, logo, no podemos afirmar que ele
descreve (outlines) tal taxa. A descrio sobre poltica fiscal e crescimento
de modo geral e no especificamente sobre futuras taxas de juros.

32- The author mentions a slump in Estonia's growth at the turn of
the century which characterizes
O autor menciona uma queda no crescimento da Estnia na virada do sculo
que caracteriza

a) a much less successful period.
um perodo muito menor de sucesso.

b) a remarkable period of prosperity.
um perodo notvel de prosperidade.

c) a slightly better fiscal period.
um perodo fiscal um pouco melhor.

34
d) a landmark in Estonias growth.
um marco no crescimento da Estnia.

e) the beginning of Estonias growth.
o incio do crescimento da Estnia.

Estonias economy has grown impressively since its 1994 reform. Growth reached
double digits in 1997, and has since settled at around 6% annually, after a slump at
the turn of the century.
A economia da Estnia cresceu de forma impressionante desde a reforma de 1994. O
crescimento atingiu dois dgitos em 1997, e desde ento se estabeleceu em torno de
6% ao ano, depois de uma queda na virada do sculo.

A palavra SLUMP super comum em textos de economia. Vamos aprend-
la:

Segundo o Macmillan:
To be suddenly reduced to a much lower level
Ser repentinamente reduzido a um nvel muito mais baixo

Segundo o Michaelis:
Queda brusca de preos
Baixa
Colapso
Fracasso
poca de desemprego

Reparem que a nica alternativa com sentido negativo a Letra A, nossa
resposta.

33- In paragraph 2, the role played by Estonia's flat income tax in
relation to its "robust revenues" is
No pargrafo 2, o papel desempenhado pelo imposto de renda de alquota
nica da Estnia em relao s suas receitas robustas"

a) ignored.
ignorado.

b) questioned.
questionado.

33
c) omitted.
omitido.

d) not mentioned.
no mencionado.

e) disregarded.
desconsiderado.

Recordem o trecho que trata do assunto:

How much do Estonias robust revenues owe to its flat income tax? Perhaps less than is
frequently advertised.
Quanto as receitas robustas da Estnia devem a seu imposto de renda de alquota
nica? Talvez menos do que frequentemente anunciado.

Podemos depreender da passagem acima que o papel (role) do imposto de
renda de alquota nica (flat income tax) - regra geral - entendido de
uma forma tal que o autor questiona (questions), duvida do grau de
importncia e ligao com as receitas robustas.

Letra B.

34- In paragraph 3, the author refers to VAT, a tax which
No pargrafo 3, o autor se refere ao IVA, um imposto que

a) is about to be raised.
est prestes a ser aumentado.

b) may frequently be dodged.
pode ser frequentemente evitado.

c) might be repealed.
pode ser repelido.

d) will be simplified.
ser simplificado.

e) has already been set.
j foi estabelecido.

36

Indeed, the flat income tax that generated so much excitement abroad seems to be
carrying less weight than Estonias old-fashioned value-added tax (VAT), which raised
9.4% of GDP in revenues in 2002.
De fato, o imposto de renda de alquota nica que gerou tanta excitao no exterior
parece estar carregando menos peso do que o antiquado imposto sobre valor agregado
(IVA) da Estnia que levantou 9,4% do PIB em receitas em 2002.

VAT is, of course, the flattest tax of all. It levies a uniform rate on the goods you buy,
taking a constant cut of your money when it is spent as opposed to when it is earned.
Estonias VAT is also quite broad, leaving relatively few things out (hydropower and
windpower were two curious exceptions).
IVA , naturalmente, o mais plano de todos os imposto. Ele cobra uma taxa uniforme
sobre os bens que voc compra, levando uma parte constante do seu dinheiro quando
ele gasto ao contrrio de quando ele ganho. IVA da Estnia tambm bastante
amplo, deixando relativamente poucas coisas de fora (energia hidreltrica e elica
foram duas excees curiosas).

Se o imposto sobre valor agregado (value-added tax) elevou o PIB em
2002, e obvio que ele j foi estabelecido (has been set) e que est em
plena aplicao.

Letra E.

Read the text entitled "The prices of sin in order to answer questions 35 to
37:
Leia o texto intitulado "Os preos do pecado" a fim de responder s
perguntas de 35-37:
The prices of sin
Os preos do pecado
Aug 25th 2005

Much ministerial brow-sweat has been devoted to turning Britons into
healthier, better-adjusted citizens, but the public has a nasty habit of
spoiling the party. New figures provoked hand-wringing this week when they
suggested that British alcohol consumption is rising even as the French and
the Germans are drinking less. Alcohol-fuelled crime is on the increase and
smoking rates, which the government has promised to reduce, are stuck.
Muito suor de testa ministerial tem sido dedicado a transformar britnicos
em mais saudveis e melhor ajustados cidados, mas o pblico tem o
pssimo hbito de estragar a festa. Novos nmeros provocaram aflio esta
semana, quando eles indicaram que o consumo britnico de lcool est
aumentando mesmo enquanto os franceses e os alemes esto bebendo
37
menos. Crime movido a lcool est aumentando e as taxas de tabagismo,
que o governo prometeu reduzir, esto empacadas.

To economists, the solution is obvious: just raise taxes on the goods in
question. Successive governments have taken this advice to heart, leaving
Britain with some of the highest "sin taxes in Europe. Yet Labour has
abandoned fiscal tinkering for a sort of social engineering that comes over as
inconsistent: liberal laws that allow pubs to open around the clock in the
hope of curing Britains drink culture sit oddly with authoritarian plans to
forbid smoking in public places.
Para os economistas, a soluo bvia: basta aumentar os impostos sobre
os bens em questo. Sucessivos governos tm levado este conselho a srio,
deixando a Gr-Bretanha com alguns dos maiores impostos sobre pecados"
da Europa. No entanto, o Partido do Trabalho abandonou ajustes fiscais a
favor de uma espcie de engenharia social que d a impresso de ser
inconsistente: leis liberais que permitem deixar bares abertos 24h por dia
na esperana de curar a cultura da Gr-Bretanha de beber no combina com
os planos autoritrios para a proibio de fumar em lugares pblicos.

35- The author
O autor

a) describes the successful health service in Germany.
descreve o bem sucedido servio de sade na Alemanha.

b) looks into the increase in alcohol consumption in France.
analisa o aumento do consumo de lcool na Frana.

c) comments on the politics of alcohol in Britain.
comenta sobre a poltica de lcool na Gr-Bretanha.

d) praises the effectiveness of some British social policies.
elogia a eficcia de algumas polticas sociais britnicas.

e) sets up policies concerning alcohol consumption in Britain.
estabelece as polticas relativas ao consumo de lcool na Gr-Bretanha.

Letra A - Errada. O autor s cita a Alemanha (Germany) uma vez - ao
afirmar que os alemes esto bebendo menos (drinking less). O texto no
cita o servio de sade (health service) da Alemanha.

Letra B - Errada. O texto diz que os franceses (french) esto bebendo
38
menos, ou seja, houve uma diminuio (decrease) e no aumento
(increase) do consumo de lcool (alcohol consumption) na Frana. O
PHRASAL VERB TO LOOK INTO (analisar) vocs j conhecem.

Letra C - Correta. As polticas citadas no texto so pubs abertos 24 horas
(around the clock) X aumentar impostos (raise taxes) sobre o lcool.

Letra D - Errada. O autor no elogia (praises). Ao contrrio, diz que o
consumo de lcool cresce na Inglaterra enquanto em outros pases cai e
aponta contradies entre polticas liberais quanto ao consumo de lcool
(ex. Pubs abertos 24 horas - around the clock) e planos autoritrios sobre
proibio do fumo (forbid smoking) em locais pblicos.

Letra E - Errada. O texto no estabelece (sets up) as polticas (policies) de
consumo de lcool na Inglaterra. Apenas comenta as j existentes.

36- In paragraph 1, the new figures related to the British alcohol
consumption are said to have caused
No pargrafo 1, os novos nmeros relacionados ao consumo britnico de
lcool dizem ter causado

a) worries.
preocupaes.

b) consternation.
consternao.

c) relief.
alvio.

d) disbelief.
descrena.

e) mistrust.
desconfiana.

39
New figures provoked hand-wringing this week when they suggested that British
alcohol consumption is rising even as the French and the Germans are drinking less.
Novos nmeros provocaram aflio esta semana, quando eles indicaram que o
consumo britnico de lcool est aumentando mesmo enquanto os franceses e os
alemes esto bebendo menos.

Vamos explorar o significado de HAND-WRINGING no MacMillan:

a way of expressing that you are very worried or nervous
uma forma de expressar que voc est muito preocupado ou nervoso

Marquemos ento a alternativa que mais se aproxima da definio acima.
Letra A.

37- According to the text, the "sin taxes"
De acordo com o texto, os impostos sobre pecados

a) are likely to be adopted in Britain.
provavelmente sero adotados na Inglaterra.

b) have been proposed by the German authorities.
foram propostos pelas autoridades alems.

c) should have been implemented in Britain.
deveriam ter sido implementados na Inglaterra.

d) must be forbidden by the European Union.
devem ser proibidos pela Unio Europeia.

e) have been put into practice by British governments.
foram colocados em prtica por governos britnicos.

O texto nos diz que os impostos sobre pecados (sin taxes) j foram
colocados em prtica (put into practice) na Inglaterra. Vejam:

Successive governments have taken this advice to heart, leaving Britain with some of
the highest "sin taxes in Europe.
Sucessivos governos tm levado este conselho a srio, deixando a Gr-Bretanha com
alguns dos maiores impostos sobre pecados" da Europa.

Letra E.
40

Read the interview below entitled "When should you start to worry? in order
to answer questions 38 to 40:
Leia a entrevista abaixo intitulado "Quando voc deve comear a se
preocupar?" a fim de responder s perguntas 38 a 40:

When should you start to worry?
Quando voc deve comear a se preocupar?

Oct 17, 2005

I'm concerned about the long-term risks of drinking a lot of caffeine
(two or more cups of coffee a day). I have no family history of heart
disease and no history of heart trouble. Am I at risk?
Estou preocupado com os riscos a longo prazo de beber uma grande
quantidade de cafena (duas ou mais xcaras de caf por dia). Eu no tenho
nenhum histrico familiar de doena cardaca e nenhum histrico de
problemas cardacos. Estou em risco?

Dr. Thomas H. Lee: I wouldnt worry about the caffeine in a few cups of
coffee. Lots of caffeine can rev up your heart and make it beat faster,
occasionally even launching into prolonged periods of a racing heart. You will
almost surely feel palpitations if you get these abnormal heartbeats, and
then you should heed your bodys advice to cut back on the caffeine. Heavy
coffee drinkers dont have a higher risk of cardiomyopathy (damaged heart
muscle) or heart attacks. If you do decide to cut back on caffeine, you may
experience headaches during the transition.
Dr. Thomas H. Lee: Eu no me preocuparia com a cafena em algumas
xcaras de caf. Muita cafena pode acelerar rapidamente seu corao e faz-
lo bater mais rpido, ocasionalmente at o lanar em perodos prolongados
de corao acelerado. Voc quase certamente ir sentir palpitaes se tiver
estes batimentos cardacos anormais, e ento voc deve seguir os conselhos
do seu corpo para reduzir a cafena. Bebedores pesados de caf no tm um
maior risco de cardiomiopatia (msculo cardaco danificado) ou ataques
cardacos. Se voc decidir reduzir a cafena, voc pode experimentar dores
de cabea durante a transio.

Until recently, vitamin E was touted as a good-heart supplement.
Now several studies indicate that vitamin E supplements can
41
increase the risk of heart disease or stroke. Does the medical
community agree?
At recentemente, a vitamina E foi apresentada como um suplemento bom
para o corao. Agora vrios estudos indicam que os suplementos de
vitamina E podem aumentar o risco de doena cardaca ou derrame. A
comunidade mdica concorda?

Dr. Thomas H. Lee: You have it right. In the 1990s, vitamin E was very
promising - but controversial. Epidemiological studies showed that regular
vitamin E users had 20 to 40 percent lower rates of heart disease than
nonusers. Since then, larger experiments have not shown any benefit from
taking vitamin E.
Dr. Thomas H. Lee: Voc est certo. Na dcada de 1990, a vitamina E era
muito promissora - mas controversa. Estudos epidemiolgicos mostraram
que os usurios regulares de vitamina E tinham de 20 a 40 por cento mais
baixas taxas de doenas cardacas do que os no usurios. Desde ento,
experimentos maiores no tm demonstrado qualquer benefcio em tomar
vitamina E.

38- In his answer to question 1, Dr. Lee warns against drinking lots
of caffeine since it
Na sua resposta questo 1, o Dr. Lee adverte contra beber muita cafena,
uma vez que

a) might cause a sudden faint.
pode causar um desmaio sbito.

b) can slow the heartbeats.
pode retardar os batimentos cardacos.

c) may accelerate the heartbeats.
pode acelerar os batimentos cardacos.

d) will surely increase the heartbeats.
ir certamente aumentar os batimentos cardacos.

e) damages the heart muscle.
danifica o msculo do corao.

42

Dr. Thomas H. Lee: I wouldnt worry about the caffeine in a few cups of coffee. Lots
of caffeine can rev up your heart and make it beat faster, occasionally even
launching into prolonged periods of a racing heart. You will almost surely feel
palpitations if you get these abnormal heartbeats, and then you should heed your
bodys advice to cut back on the caffeine. Heavy coffee drinkers dont have a higher
risk of cardiomyopathy (damaged heart muscle) or heart attacks. If you do decide to
cut back on caffeine, you may experience headaches during the transition.
Dr. Thomas H. Lee: Eu no me preocuparia com a cafena em algumas xcaras de caf.
Muita cafena pode acelerar rapidamente seu corao e faz-lo bater mais
rpido, ocasionalmente at o lanar em perodos prolongados de corao
acelerado. Voc quase certamente ir sentir palpitaes se tiver estes batimentos
cardacos anormais, e ento voc deve seguir os conselhos do seu corpo para reduzir a
cafena. Bebedores pesados de caf no tm um maior risco de cardiomiopatia
(msculo cardaco danificado) ou ataques cardacos. Se voc decidir reduzir a cafena,
voc pode experimentar dores de cabea durante a transio.

Vamos - mais uma vez - recorrer ao quadro-resumo de MODAIS. O texto
diz que muita cafena pode (can) acelerar (rev up) o corao e faz-lo bater
(beat) mais rpido (faster). Observem que PODE ocorrer tal acelerao. O
autor no diz que certamente (will surely) ocorrer. Letra D errada.

Letra A - Errada. O texto no menciona desmaio (faint).

Letra B - Errada. O texto fala em aumento (increase), acelerao (rev up,
faster) e no em retardar, desacelerar (slow). Erro de contradio.

Letra C - Correta. Vide explicao acima.

Letra D - Errada. Vide explicao acima.

Letra E - Errada. O texto explcito em afirmar o contrrio quando diz que
bebedores pesados de caf (heavy coffee drinkers) no tm um maior risco
(dont have a higher risk) de cardiomiopatia (msculo cardaco danificado)
ou ataques cardacos.

43

39- According to Dr. Lee, we should listen to our body's advice to
"cut back on the caffeine". In other words, our body advises us
Segundo o Dr. Lee, devemos ouvir os conselhos do nosso corpo para
"diminuir a cafena". Em outras palavras, nosso corpo nos aconselha a

a) not to stop drinking it.
no parar de beb-la.

b) to reduce our caffeine intake.
reduzir a nossa ingesto de cafena.

c) to increase caffeine consumption.
aumentar o nosso consumo de cafena.

d) to regularly consume caffeine.
consumir cafena regularmente.

e) to quit caffeine consumption.
parar de consumir cafena.
Vamos conhecer o PHRASAL VERB TO CUT BACK:

TO CUT BACK reduzir a quantidade de algo

Assertivas sem grandes novidades de vocabulrio para vocs. Letra B.

40- In his answer to question 2, Dr. Lee
Em sua resposta pergunta 2, o Dr. Lee

a) prescribes the intake of vitamin E supplements.
prescreve a ingesto de suplementos de vitamina E.

b) points out the risks of taking vitamin E.
aponta os riscos de tomar a vitamina E.

c) bears out the claim that supplements are risky.
confirma a afirmao de que os suplementos so arriscados.

d) demystifies the benefits from taking vitamin E.
desmistifica os benefcios de tomar vitamina E.

44

e) corroborates the benefits of vitamin E intake.
corrobora os benefcios da ingesto de vitamina E.

Dr. Thomas H. Lee: You have it right. In the 1990s, vitamin E was very promising -
but controversial. Epidemiological studies showed that regular vitamin E users had 20
to 40 percent lower rates of heart disease than nonusers. Since then, larger
experiments have not shown any benefit from taking vitamin E.
Dr. Thomas H. Lee: Voc est certo. Na dcada de 1990, a vitamina E era muito
promissora - mas controversa. Estudos epidemiolgicos mostraram que os usurios
regulares de vitamina E tinham de 20 a 40 por cento mais baixas taxas de doenas
cardacas do que os no usurios. Desde ento, experimentos maiores no tm
demonstrado qualquer benefcio em tomar vitamina E.

Se o Dr. Lee diz que antes a vitamina E era considerada promissora
(promissing) e que hoje experimentos maiores (larger experiments) no
tm demonstrado (have not shown) qualquer benefcio oriundo da ingesto
(intake) da vitamina E, podemos entender que em sua resposta ele
desmitifica (demystifies) os benefcios de tomar tal vitamina.

Letra D.

Ateno os dois PHRASAL VERBS que aparecem no texto:

TO POINT OUT apontar, destacar
TO BEAR OUT confirmar, corroborar

43

REPORTAGEM TRADUZIDA

Jim Webb: Health-care law represents a leadership failure for Obama

President Obamas new health-care law will be his greatest liability as he
attempts to once again win the critical swing state of Virginia, Sen. Jim
Webb (D-Va.) warned Wednesday.

"Ill be real frank here, Webb said at a breakfast organized by Bloomberg
News. "I think that the manner in which the health-care reform issue was
put in front of the Congress, the way that the issue was dealt with by the
White House, cost Obama a lot of credibility as a leader.

Webb voted for the law, but also for more than a dozen GOP-offered
amendments to it.

"If you were going to do something of this magnitude, you have to do it with
some clarity, with a clear set of objectives from the White House, added
Webb, who opted not to run for a second term this year. "...It should have
been done with better direction from the White House.

He faulted Obama for playing too passive a role in shaping the legislation.
Taking a lesson from Bill Clintons failed 1994 health-care overhaul effort--
which was faulted for its micromanagement of the details of the bill--Obama
opted to spell out a broad set of goals, and let Congress work out the
details.

What happened in the end, Webb said, "was five different congressional
committees voted out their version of health-care reform, and so you had
7,000 pages of contradictory information. Everybody got confused. ... From
that point forward, Obamas had a difficult time selling himself as a decisive
leader.

46

Webb also said that if Obama had opted for a smaller measure, he would
have stood a chance of winning the support of a significant number of
Republicans on Capitol Hill.

The White House had no immediate comment on Webbs statement.

Webb added that he believes most Virginia voters--outside the staunchest
partisans--have not yet begun to focus on former Massachusetts Gov. Mitt
Romney, the all-but-certain Republican presidential nominee.

"People are getting ready to pay attention to his message, the average
person, rather than the nominating base, Webb said. "Romney has a case
to make. He has to make his case.

47

TRADUO

Jim Webb: Health-care law represents a leadership failure for Obama
Jim Webb: Lei da Sade representa um fracasso de liderana para Obama

President Obamas new health-care law will be his greatest liability as he
attempts to once again win the critical swing state of Virginia, Sen. Jim
Webb (D-Va.) warned Wednesday.
A nova lei da sade do presidente Obama ser o seu maior passivo enquanto
ele tenta mais uma vez conquistar o crtico oscilante estado da Virgnia,
advertiu o senador Jim Webb (Democrata do estado da Virgnia) na quarta-
feira.

"Ill be real frank here, Webb said at a breakfast organized by Bloomberg
News. "I think that the manner in which the health-care reform issue was
put in front of the Congress, the way that the issue was dealt with by the
White House, cost Obama a lot of credibility as a leader.
"Eu vou ser verdadeiramente franco aqui", disse Webb em um caf da
manh organizado pela Bloomberg News. "Eu acho que a maneira pela qual
a questo da reforma da sade foi colocada em frente ao Congresso, a
maneira que a questo foi tratada pela Casa Branca, custou a Obama muita
credibilidade como um lder.

Webb voted for the law, but also for more than a dozen GOP-offered
amendments to it.
Webb votou a favor da lei, mas tambm para mais de uma dzia de
emendas oferecidas pela GOP (Partido Republicano).

"If you were going to do something of this magnitude, you have to do it with
some clarity, with a clear set of objectives from the White House, added
Webb, who opted not to run for a second term this year. "...It should have
been done with better direction from the White House.
"Se voc fosse fazer alguma coisa dessa magnitude, voc tem que faz-lo
com alguma clareza, com um conjunto claro de objetivos da Casa Branca",
48
acrescentou Webb, que optou por no concorrer a um segundo mandato
este ano. "... Isto deveria ter sido feito com uma melhor orientao vinda da
Casa Branca."

He faulted Obama for playing too passive a role in shaping the legislation.
Taking a lesson from Bill Clintons failed 1994 health-care overhaul effort--
which was faulted for its micromanagement of the details of the bill--Obama
opted to spell out a broad set of goals, and let Congress work out the
details.
Ele culpou Obama por exercer um papel muito passivo na modelao da
legislao. Tomando como lio o esforo fracassado de Bill Clinton na
reviso da assistncia mdica de 1994 - que foi culpado por sua microgesto
dos detalhes do projeto de lei - Obama optou por enunciar um amplo
conjunto de metas, e deixar que o Congresso resolva os detalhes.

What happened in the end, Webb said, "was five different congressional
committees voted out their version of health-care reform, and so you had
7,000 pages of contradictory information. Everybody got confused. ... From
that point forward, Obamas had a difficult time selling himself as a decisive
leader.
O que aconteceu no final, Webb disse: "foi que cinco diferentes comisses do
Congresso votaram a sua verso da reforma da sade, e ento voc tinha
7.000 pginas de informaes contraditrias. Todo mundo ficou confuso. ...
Desse ponto em diante, Obama teve dificuldade em vender-se como um
lder decisivo."

Webb also said that if Obama had opted for a smaller measure, he would
have stood a chance of winning the support of a significant number of
Republicans on Capitol Hill.
Webb disse ainda que, se Obama tivesse optado por uma medida menor, ele
teria tido uma chance de ganhar o apoio de um nmero significativo de
republicanos em Capitol Hill.

The White House had no immediate comment on Webbs statement.
A Casa Branca no teve nenhum comentrio imediato sobre a declarao de
Webb.

49

Webb added that he believes most Virginia voters--outside the staunchest
partisans--have not yet begun to focus on former Massachusetts Gov. Mitt
Romney, the all-but-certain Republican presidential nominee.
Webb acrescentou que ele acredita que a maioria dos eleitores da Virgnia -
tirando os mais ferrenhos partidrios - ainda no comearam a concentrar-
se no ex-governador de Massachusetts Mitt Romney, o praticamente certo
candidato presidencial republicano.

"People are getting ready to pay attention to his message, the average
person, rather than the nominating base, Webb said. "Romney has a case
to make. He has to make his case.
"As pessoas esto se preparando para prestar ateno sua mensagem, a
pessoa comum, em vez da base de indicao", disse Webb. "Romney tem
uma proposta a fazer. Ele deve explicar as razes pelas quais ela deve ser
executada.

30

VOCABULRIO DA AULA

Banco de vocabulrio

1990s / 90s dcada de 90
A
advances avanos
advice conselho
ailment doena
alcohol-fuelled
movido a lcool
amendments emendas
annually anualmente
at the turn of na virada de
attorney/lawyer advogado
B
bigger maior
bill conta, projeto de lei
blood pressure presso sangunea
border fronteira, borda
breakfast caf da manh
brow-sweat suor da testa
burdensome oneroso
C
cap teto, limite, tampa
century sculo
citizen cidado
committees comisses
D
details detalhes
disbelief descrena
disease doena
E
end final
exception exceo
exploit faanha
F faint desmaio
31
faster mais rpido
flat income tax
imposto de renda de alquota nica,
imposto de renda plano
fleeing fugitivos
flight fuga, voo
frank franco
friend amigo
H
hand-wringing
uma forma de expressar que voc
est muito preocupado ou nervoso,
aflio
headache dor de cabea
health sade
heart corao
heart attack ataque cardaco
heartbeat batimento cardaco
high-fliers indivduos de altos ganhos
hope esperana
hydropower energia hidreltrica
I
in order to a fim de
in spite of apesar de
income tax imposto de renda
intake ingesto
L
leadership liderana
life vida
lonely sozinho
long-term longo prazo
low-earners indivduos de baixos ganhos
lower menor
M
medicine remdio, medicina
mid-1990s / mid-
90s
meados da dcada de 90
mistrust desconfiana
N
nasty pssimo, srdido, nojento, indecente
new novo
nominating base base de indicao
nonusers no usurios
32
O
old-fashioned antiquado
open aberto
overhaul reviso
P
partisans partidrios
party festa, partido poltico
perhaps talvez
public places lugares pblicos
public spending gastos pblicos
R
rate alquota, taxa
receipt receita, recebimento
refugee refugiado
relationship relacionamento
relief alvio
remarkable notvel
S
search busca
shady desonesto
share parte, fatia, ao
shareholder acionista
sin pecado
since desde
slower mais devagar
smuggler contrabandista
solution soluo
source fonte
staunchest ferrenhos
strife conflito
stroke derrame
sweeping changes mudanas substanciais
swing oscilante
T
tax payer pagador de imposto, contribuinte
tax-free isento de imposto
top topo
W
week semana
weight
peso
windpower elica

33
Verbs
A
to adopt adotar
to advertise anunciar
to advise aconselhar
to announce anunciar
to arouse estimular
to avoid evitar
B
to be based ser baseado
to be
intended
pretendido, ter o objetivo de
to be stricken ser atingido
to be stuck estar empacada, agarrada
to be
subjected
estar sujeito
to beat bater
to beg implorar, suplicar
to buck contrariar
C
to carry carregar
to comb explorar
to count contar
to cure curar
D
to damage danificar
to devote dedicar
to discover descobrir
to dodge evitar, esquivar
to drink beber
E to eat comer
F
to float sugerir, flutuar
to forbid proibir
G to generate gerar
H to hold sustentar, segurar, ocupar, deter
I to improve melhor
L
to launch lanar
to levy cobrar, coletar, arrecadar
to listen escutar
34
M
to make fazer
to meet conhecer, encontrar
O
to open abrir
to owe dever, estar em dvida
Q to quit parar, sair
R
to recover recuperar
to repeal repelir
to research pesquisar
to revise revisar
S
to slash cortar
to smoke fumar
to spoil estragar
to suppress acabar, suprimir
T
to tinker
ajustar, fazer pequenas mudanas em algo
para melhorar ou consertar
to tout
apresentar ou cotar algo como bom ou
importante
to track rastrear
W
to wear usar, vestir
to worth valer
Y to yield trazer algo bom, render

Phrasal verbs
to bear out confirmar
to carry out realizar
to come over dar a impresso de
to cut back reduzir
to kick in entrar em ao
to look into analisar
to phase out ser extinto gradualmente
to point out apontar
to rev up acelerar rapidamente
to set up constituir, estabelecer
to spell out enunciar
to turn into transformar
to work out resolver
33

Expresses idiomticas
all-but-certain praticamente certo
around de clock 24h por dia
to fall out of touch perder contato
to hold dear
apegar-se a, abraar (um projeto, uma
promessa), comprometer-se com, dar
importncia a algo
to make a case argumentar, explicar as razes
to stand a chance ter uma chance
to take to heart levar a srio
wake-up call chamada de despertar

Thats it for today!

isso por hoje!

Keep up the good work!
Continuem com o bom trabalho!

Hugs
Abraos

Teacher Gabriela

Aula 06

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CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS

QUESTES COMENTADAS - AFRFB

CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS

CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS

PROVA 1: TRADUO E COMENTRIOS

CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS

PROVA 2: TRADUO E COMENTRIOS

Thats it for today!

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