ChE Academic Reinforcement Session Summer

ChE312: Chemical Engineering Calculations Lesson 1: Basic Engineering Calculations INTRODUCTION Chemical Engineering problems are the type of problems that is needed to be read, understand and analyze properly again and again for us to derive the right track on how to solve the problem. The most critical of them all is the analysis of the given chemical engineering problems. In analyzing problems, it is commonly interpreted into a diagram where you will put the given. The following are usually found in a diagram. A. Processes chemical change or with chemical reactions B. Operations physical change or without chemical reactions C. Variables can be change; an unknown or known value with dimensions and units D. Materials Entering and Leaving DIMENSIONS AND UNITS Dimensions have units. Dimensionless units also existed like specific gravity which is very useful. A. Basic Dimension B. Derived Dimensions It is also important that you can convert units correctly because like a saying said, Take care of the units and it will take care of you. Example 1.1: Convert the thermal conductivity [K = 1 Btu/(hr-ft2-F/ft)] in the AES units to SI. HOW TO SOLVE A ChE PROBLEM? 1. Given 2. Require or Find 3. Solution

CHEMI CAL ENGI NEERI NG SOCI ETY

UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAs

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

contains: Basic Principles and Concept Theories and Laws Formulas and Equations (Empirical or Theortical)

4. EXACT Answer Example 1.2: Water is flowing through a 2 in-diameter pipe with a velocity of 2.5 fps. (a) What is the KE in ft-lbf/lbm and (b) what is the flow rate in gallons/min?

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ChE Academic Reinforcement Session Summer

Example 1.3: Consider the following equation D(ft) = 3t(s) + 4 If the equation is consistent with its units, what are the units of the 3 and 4?
Where: hi = heat transfer coefficient in (Btu/hr)/ft2-F G = mass velocity of liquid in (lbm/hr)/ft 2 k = thermal conductivity of liq. in (Btu/hr)/ft-F Cp = heat capacitu of liq. In Btu/lbm-F = viscosity of liquid in lbm/ft-hr Di = inside diameter, ft

CHEMI CAL ENGI NEERI NG SOCI ETY

UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAs

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

Example 1.5: An empirical equation for calculating the inside heat exchange coefficient, hi, for the turbulent flow of liquid in a pipe given by:

Example 1.4: Given: (a) Find the unit of 0.0549 if m = lb/min, p =psia or lb/in2 and T = R and (b) What will be the new value of 0.0549 are to be in SI Unit?

What will be the new value of the constant 0.023 if all the variables in the equation are substituted in SI units and hi is in SI units?

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ChE Academic Reinforcement Session Summer

MOLE CONCEPT 1 g-mol = 6.02 x 1023 particles 1 mol = 1 g-mol = 1 kg-mol = 1lb-mol Example 1.6: Find the volume and density of a 2kg O2 at 20C and 1 atm.

CHEMI CAL ENGI NEERI NG SOCI ETY

UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAs

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

Particles may be ATOMS (elements), MOLECULES (compound) or IONS. The unit of amount of substance (n) may be g-atom/kg-atom/lb-atom, if its an element, or g-mol/kg-mol/lb-mol, if its a compound. nCO2 = 2 g-mol nC = 2 g-atom Therefore, it still applies the Law of Conservation of Mass. Like, 1 g-mol H2SO4 = 98 g H2SO4 1 g-mol H2SO4 = 2 g-atom H = 1 g-atom S = 4 g-atom O Example 1.7: 1000 kg of C12H22O11 a. moles in lb-mol b. no. of H atoms c. g-mol O2 d. g C e. no. of C atoms f. g-atom of C g. g-mol of H2 h. g-atom H i. g H j. g H2 k. no. of H2 molecules

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ChE Academic Reinforcement Session Summer

EXPRESSING CONCENTRATION or COMPOSITION of a SUBSTANCE/SOLUTION A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. Weight Percent (wt%) Mole Percent (mol%) Mole Fraction (x) Volume Percent (vol%) Molarity Molality Normality PPM or Parts per Million Others

CHEMI CAL ENGI NEERI NG SOCI ETY

UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAs

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

Example 1.8: Given: 25 wt% HCl 20C = 1.149 g/mL 80C = 1.115 g/mL Find: a. mole percent b. kg solute/kg solvent c. kg-mole solute/ kg solvent d. g solute per 100 ml of solution at 80C e. g solute per 100 ml of solution at 20C f. Molarity at 20C g. Molality h. Normality at 80C i. ppm of solute

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ChE Academic Reinforcement Session Summer

DENSITY and SPECIFIC GRAVITY Degree Baume (Be) Solution lighter than water
where xss amount = supplied theoretical

CHEMI CAL ENGI NEERI NG SOCI ETY

UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAs

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

Example 1.9: In the reaction, Solution heavier than water As2O3 + 2H2O + 2I2 -> As2O5 + 4HI 300g of As2O3 is added to 400g of I2 and 50g of H2O. Degree Twaddell (Felder) ( Sugar Industry ) A. Find the limiting and excess reactants B. What are the %excess reactants? C. If 160g of As2O5 is formed, what is the degree of completion? D. Illustrate the Law of Conservation of Mass for the reaction.

Petroleum Industry

LIMITING and EXCESS REACTANTS Limiting Reactant (LR) the reactant that limits the reaction gives out the max amount of the pdt that can be produced in a reaction Excess Reactant (ER) amount required for the limiting reactant to be completely converted into pdt amount of reactant/pdt involved in a complete rxn or 100% degree of completion calculated using limiting reactant

Prepared by: Lemuel John A. Beronio [Based on the Lecture Notes in ChE312 1st Sem SY 12-13]

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