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Illegal hunting
c

Deforestation Natural disasters

b a

Factors of spec ies extinction

IMPORTANCE OF PLANTS AND ANIMAL SURVIVAL


2 1

VOLUME 2

SURVIVAL OF THE SPECIES (2 - 2)


a

Scattering seeds / fruits away from parent plants BY DISPERSAL

Near seas
a

Rivers
b c

Marshes

Forest fires

If plants / animals become Plants / animals are the resources of extinct, there will be food and raw resources shortage materials
Flame of Tamarind the forest

Plants Habitat

C
1

Fruits/seeds carried away by water Seed germinates into plant


a

Balsam Ladies finger (okra)


c b a

Examples

Explosive mechanism
2 1

SURVIVAL OF PLANTS
2
d a

Fruits / seeds have special characteristics to help agents to disperse them

2 3

waxy skin

Water
4

Light W axy skin waterproof Fruit contains air spaces float easily

Characteristics of fruits/seeds
c

Examples
d a c b

Rubber Fruit split / curl, throw seeds Mimosa Hooks / prickles Spines (needle - like)
2 1

Not edible
4 3

When fruit mature, it becomes dry and hard

Betel nut (Pinang fruit) Pingpong fruit

Coconut Husk contains air spaces Waxy outer skin Hard shell

Lotus seed

Dry and light Love grass


seeds clinging

Characteristics of seeds
c

METHODS OF DISPERSAL OF SEEDS AND FRUITS


b Husk

Waxy skin

Spongy receptacle contains air spaces

Detached, germinate, & grow Carried far away from parent plants

Seeds that stick to animals's body

c Seeds carried away by wind 3


1

Seed

Wind
2

Tomato
seeds

Papaya

Brightly coloured

Oranges Edible Fragrant


e d 2 f

Animals
3

Seed germinates into plant when conditions are conducive

fleshy

Fleshy fruit Hard seeds Many small seeds

Characteristics of fruits/seeds
1 b a

Eat fruit and seed and pass out seeds in faeces

2 1 Eat fruit and discard seeds

Characteristics of seeds
c a b

Small, light, dry

Discarded seeds germinate and grow


a

Orchid seed Wing like structure


1 2

Fine hairs Fine hairs Kapok


e

Fine hairs
2 1

Guava
hard seeds

Undigested seeds in faeces germinate and grow

Fragrant, pleasant smelling

Characteristics of fruits/seeds
5 4 2 3

Edible, can be eaten


b c

Bat Cotton Squirrel

Seed
d c

Flown easily
a

Examples
b a

Float in air

Examples Oleander seed


b

Angsana seed
Wing like structure

Dandelion

Brightly Durian coloured

Big seeds Fleshy fruits Mango seed

Lallang

Monkey

Shorea seed (Meranti)


Wing like structure fine hairs

Water melon Seed in bird droppings germinating

Cempedak

Strawberry, Oranges

Mango Rambutan

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