*automobile engines can be classified according to: -number of cylinders -arrangement of cylinders -arrangement of valve and valve trains

-type of cooling -number of stroke per cycle -types of fuel burn -firing order -reciprocating or rotary *number and arrangement of cylinders -in a row -in two rows or bank set at an angle (v type) Three cylinder engines -the engine has an overhead camshaft and produces 60 horsepower(hp)[45k w] at 5500rpm -the camshaft is driven from the crankshaft bt a thoothed timing belt -the ignition distributor is driven from one end of the camshaft -the oil pump is on the front of the crankshaft -A V belt from the crankshaft drives the alternatorand water pump Four cylinder engine *four cylinder engine can be arranged: *in a line *in a V shape(V type) -V type engine has set of cylinders in two rows -the two rows are separated by an angle to each others -the angle could be 60 degrees or 90 degrees or 180 degrees *in a line engine has set of cylinders are arranged in line *the valves in the cylinder head are operated through valves lifters,pu shrod,and rocker arms V8 Engines -it has two 4 cylinders row -set at a 90 degree angle -the engine is like two four cylinder engines mounted on a single crank case and using a single crankshaft -the crankshaft has four crankpins -conecting rods from opposing cylinders that are attached to a single c rankpin -therefore,each crankpin has two connecting rods attached to it Arrangement of valves and valve trains *engine valve allows the engine to breath -the intake valve open to admit the A/F mixture to the engine cylinders -the exhaust valves open to allow burned gases to exit or exhaust from the engine cylinders -cam on rotating camshaft operate the valve train which open the valves *location of the camshaft -either on the cylinder head or in the cylinder block *types of camshaft drive -camshaft are driven by timing gears,sprockets and timing chain or spro ckets and toothed timimg belt *types of valve train -two basic types of valve train -overhead camshaft -camshaft in block with pushrod *number of valves per cylinder -normally each cylinder of the engine has two valves

-some have multi-valve cylinder of the engine -purpose of these added valves is to allow the engine to breath more fr eely Firing order -The firing order is the sequence of power delivery of each cylinder in a multi-cylinder reciprocating engine -This is achieved by sparking of the spark plugs in a gasoline engine i n the correct order, or by the sequence of fuel injection in a Diesel engine -When designing an engine, choosing an appropriate firing order is crit ical to minimizing vibration and achieving smooth running, for lon g engine fatigue life and user comfort, and heavily influences crankshaft design . -In a gasoline engine, the correct firing order is obtained by the corr ect placement of the spark plug wires on the distributor. In a modern engine with an engine management system and d irect ignition, the Engine Control Unit (ECU) takes care of the corr ect firing sequence. -The crankpin and crankshaft arrangement determine the firing order -Firing orders for the same type of engine may differ *Two firing orders for in-line -4-cylinders engines are 1-3-4-2 and 1-2-4-3 -6-Cylinders engines 1-5-3-6-2-4 -The complete firing order of a four-cycle engine represents two comple te revolutions of the crankshaft -This is 720 degrees of crankshaft rotation -Firing impulse occurs every 120 degrees of crankshaft rotation (720/6= 120). -When piston number 1 is at TDC on the end of compression stroke, pisto n number 6 is at TDC on the end of the exhaust stroke Classification by cycle *Piston engines operate on either -Two-stroke cycle or -Four-stroke engine *Four-stroke-cycle engine -Power stroke is in every fourth piston stroke -A power stroke during each crankshaft revolution *Two-stroke-cycle engine -Every other piston stroke has a power stroke *A power stroke during each crankshaft revolution -Two stroke-cycle engine produces twice as many power stroke at the sam e crankshaft speed (rpm) as the fourstrokecycle engine. -Piston opens the transfer and exhaust port -Therefore, always mixing some A/F mixture with the exhaust gases