Assume steady

0 =

t

Assume 1 >>
h
L

0
V
x

K

Assume 2-D
0 , 0 =

=
z
w

Incompressible N-S equations:

1. 0 =

y
v
x
u

2.
2 2
2 2
1 u u u p u u
u v
t x y x x y

| |
+ + = + +
|

\ .

3.
2 2
2 2
1 v v v p v v
u v
t x y y x y

| |
+ + = + +
|

\ .


BCs


w
u h x u
h x u
h x v
= +
=
=
) , (
0 ) , (
0 ) , (


Turning the crank:


N
0
0 0 ( )
but 0 const
Apply bc's 0
x
u v v
v v x
x y y
v
v
x
v

+ = = =

= =

=


Now, momentum y : Since 0 = v , we have:

0 ( , ) ( )
p
p x y p x
y

= =

y
2h
x
y=-h
y= h
p
L
p
R
u
w
Lecture 28
16.100 2002 2
Note: since the pressure does change from to
L R
p p over the length , ( ) L p p x = .

Finally momentum x :

N N
N
N
2 2
2 2
0
0
0
0
2
2
1
1
, where
steady
x
t
u u u dp u u
u v
t x y dx x y
u dp
y dx

=
=
=

| |
|

|
+ + = + +
|

|
\ .

Observe that ) ( ) ( x g RHS y f LHS = = and


L
p p
dx
dp
x g y f
L R

= =
= =
const
const. ) ( ) (

For this problem, Ill just use the gradient
dx
dp
but realize this is specified by the
end pressures.

Next, integrate in y :


2
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
o
d u dp
dy
dy dx
du dp
y C dy
dy dx
dp
u y C y C
dx

(
=
(

(
= +
(

= + +

Now, apply bcs:


w o
o
u C h C h
dx
dp
h y u
C h C h
dx
dp
h y u
= + + = + =
= + = =
1
2
1
2
2
1
) (
0
2
1
) (

Solving for : &
1
C C
o


Lecture 28
16.100 2002 3

2
1
1 1
2
2
o w
w
dp
C u h
dx
u
C
h

| |
= +
|
\ .
=



2
2
( ) 1 1
2 2
w
h dp y u y
u y
dx h h
(
| | | |
= + +
(
| |
\ . \ .
(



Suddenly started flat plate (Stokes 1
st
Problem)

0
IC: 0,
0
( , 0)
BC: 0,
( , 0) 0
w
u
t
v
u x u
t
v x
=
=

=

=
>

=

Assume infinite length, 0 =

x


Continuity:


N
0
0 ( )
but 0 so 0
u v
v v x
x y
v
v
x
=

+ = =

= =

momentum y :


N N
N
2 2
2 2
0 0
0
0
1
0 ( )
v v v p v v
u v
t x y y x y
p
p p x p
y

= =
=
=

| |
+ + = + +
|

\ .

= = =

y

p
w
u
Lecture 28
16.100 2002 4
momentum x :


N
N
N
N
2 2
2 2
0
0 0
1
p p
x x
u u u p u u
u v
t x y y x y

=

=
= =

| |
|

|
+ + = + +
|

|
\ .


2
2
u u
t y

=



This is the diffusion equation (also known as heat equation).

There are many ways to solve this equation
Well use a similarity solution approach used in boundary layer theory.

Similarity Solution

Assume that ). , ( ) ( ) , ( y t u y t u = = where Reduce PDE to ODE.
Usually, the assumption is made that:


y
b
y bCt
y
t
a
y aCt
t
y Ct
b a
b a
b a

= =

= =

1
1

d
du
t
a
t d
du
t
u
=

Lecture 28
16.100 2002 5

2
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
( )
( 1)
a b
a b
u u du d
y y y y d dy
du b
y d y
b du du b
y y d d y y
b u du
bCt y
y d y
b u du
b b Ct y
y d

| | (
= =
| (

\ .
(
=
(

| | | |
= +
| |

\ . \ .
| |
= +
|

\ .
| |
= +
|

\ .

d
du
y
b b
d
u d
y
b
y
u
2 2
2
2
2
2
) 1 ( ) ( + =

Thus:


2
2
2
2
2 2
becomes
( 1)
u u
v
t y
a du b d u du
b b
t d y d y d




=

| |
= +
|
\ .


Re-arranging:


N
2 2
2 2
needs to be
( ) only
1
f
b
d u a y b du
d b t b d
y
C
t

(
(

(
=
(
(
(

| |
=
|
\ .


For simplicity,
1
1 and
2
b C

= =
1
2
a =

y
t

=
Lecture 28
16.100 2002 6

d
du
d
u d
2
2
2
=

Note: bc is
w
u u = ) 0 (
= 0 ) ( u Also is correct initial condition


2

= Ce
d
du


Integrate again


2
0
( )
o
u C e d C

= +