International Journal of Infinite Innovations in Technology|ISSN:2278-9057 IJIIT|Volume-I|Issue-II|2012-2013 October|Paper-02 Reg. No.

:20120902|DOI:V1I2P02

Digital Vehicle Data Recorder (DVDR)

Dr. Ravi Kumar
Sr. Scientist Earthbotics (Embedded Division)
drravikumar@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
A Vehicle data recorder or VDR is a device installed in automobiles to record information related to vehicle crashes or accidents. Information from these devices can be collected after a crash and analyzed to help determine what the vehicles were doing before, during and after the crash or event. The term generally refers to a simple, tamper-proof, read-write memory device, similar to the "black box" found on airplanes. VDR may record a wide range of data elements, potentially including whether the brakes were applied, the speed at the time of impact, the steering angle, and whether seat belt circuits were shown as "Buckled" or "Unbuckled" at the time of the crash. I. INTRODUCTION Generally, when a vehicle accident occurs, the causes of the accident are determined by inferring the details of the accident with reference to skid marks and paint marks remaining at the scene of the accident in the presence of a police officer. Cases where drivers, who do not have special knowledge, are disadvantaged due to the obscure analyses of accidents or unreasonable judgments of accidents occasionally occur. Therefore, a plurality of methods of objectively and accurately determining the causes of a vehicle accident has been proposed. II. THE PROPOSED SYSTEM Here we are going to develop our own customized VDR which will work in following manner The VDR will be connected will sense and record the following parameters 1. Engine temperature, 2. Speed of vehicle, 3. Steering angle,

4. Gear mode, 5. Seat belt status, 6. Door locking status, 7. Driver front light condition, 8. Conversation being done in the vehicle. The parameters will be recorded in the huge mass storage media i.e. SD/MMC card. The data will be stored along with date & time. After accident one can found this VDR and can connect with PC for uploading. PC based software will download all the information from the VDR and will store in PC database. The data can be analysed later by the experts to find out the real cause of accident.

International Journal of Infinite Innovations in Technology |ISSN:2278-9057 IJIIT|Volume-I|Issue-II|2012-2013 October |Paper-02 III. SYSTEM OVERVIEW The above proposed system will be divided into the following sub modules or sections

The System

Embedded System

PC Software

H/W 8051 Based Design

S/W Embedded C

The Main GUI

Serial Comn

Database Manager

Power Supply

MC

LCD 16x2

MAX 232

SD/MMC

8-bit ADC

Various Sensors

RTC

Voice IC

A. Block Diagram The Block Diagram of the system is attached behind.

PC

230V

SPK

MICRO PHONE

PC INTERFACE UNIT

POWER SUPPLY
POT

VOICE IC
S D CARD
MICRO CONTROLLER 89C51

STEERING ANGLE

ADC 0809

LDR

LIGHT CONDITION

LM 35

ENGINE TEMP.

MAGNETIC SWITCH

DOOR LOCK

R.T.C DS 1307

IR RECEIVER

IR TRANSMITTER

MOTOR SPEED

LCD

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International Journal of Infinite Innovations in Technology |ISSN:2278-9057 IJIIT|Volume-I|Issue-II|2012-2013 October |Paper-02

B. Explanations of Blocks The following are the brief explanations of the working principle of the various major blocks or sections used in the system Power Supply This unit will supply the various voltage requirements of each unit. This will be consists of transformer, rectifier, filter and regulator. The rectifier used here will be Bridge Rectifier. It will convert 230VAC into desired 5V/12V DC. Microcontroller This unit is the heart of the complete system. It is actually responsible for all the process being executed. It will monitor & control all the peripheral devices or components connected in the system. In short we can say that the complete intelligence of the project resides in the software code embedded in the Microcontroller. The controller here user will be of 8051 family. The code will be written in Embedded C and will be burned or programmed into the code memory using a programmer. This unit requires +5VDC for it proper operation. LCD 16x2 It is called Liquid Crystal Display. We are going to use 16x2 character LCD. This will be connected to microcontroller. The job of LCD will be to display all the system generated messages coming from the controller. LCD will provide interactive user interface. This unit requires +5VDC for it proper operation. MAX 232 This section will be used to convert TTL logic into RS232 logic and vice-versa. In TTL---logic 1 is +5V and logic 0 is 0V. In RS232---logic 1 is -10V and logic 0 is +10V.This unit will provide interface that is required to communicate microcontroller with RS232 based devices using serial communication link. The MAX232 IC is dedicated for the logic conversion. This unit is also called as Logic Convertor OR Level Convertor. This unit requires +5VDC for it proper operation. ADC 8-bit This unit is one of most important unit in embedded system as microcontroller uses this to understand various analog parameter incoming from transducers. The job of this section is to convert analog input signals (voltages) into its equivalent digital (decimal) value. Here we are using 8-bit ADC that means its digital range is 0255. Also the same ADC will be used for multiple sensors as it has 8 channels. This unit will be connected with microcontroller with 8-bit Data lines,3-bit Address lines and some

control lines. Also it requires clock pulses for its internal operation which will be given by 555 timer section. This unit requires +5VDC for it proper operation. 555 Timer The 555 monolithic timing circuit is a highly stable controller capable of producing accurate time delays, or oscillation. Here we are using it in Astable Multivibrator mode for generating clock pulses. The frequency depends upon the external register connected to the IC. This unit requires +5VDC for it proper operation. Real Time Clock The job of this unit is to continuously increment and maintain the calendar in its memory in real time. We will use DS1307 IC for RTC. It will be interfaced with the controller using two wire interface. It communicates through I2C protocol. The date & time can be reprogrammed whenever required. This unit requires +3.3V to +5V DC for it proper operation. SD/MMC Card This is the normal SD/MMC (Data Storage) card used in the mobiles to store various types of Data like text, images, videos etc. The microcontroller will store its data stream in its various blocks. This unit works on SPI (Standard Peripheral Interface) protocol for its communication. It will be interfaced with microcontroller using 4 wire interface. This unit will provide huge amount of non-volatile memory the embedded system. This unit requires +3.3VDC for it proper operation. Voice IC This unit is the only Analog IC used in the whole project. It has the capability to sample and store the voices signals at 8KHz. It is re-recordable IC. It can store voice of up to 8 minute duration. This will be interfaced with microcontroller using SPI (Standard Peripheral Interface) protocol. This unit requires +3.3VDC for it proper operation. Microphone Microphone is used to receive the different audio frequencies generated by the headset. This microphone transmits the data received from the headset to the section called 1st stage Amplifier. First Stage Amplifier This unit is used to amplify the very low level signal received from the microphone using transistor in Common Emitter Configuration. This unit requires +3.3VDC for it proper operation. Second Stage Amplifier

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International Journal of Infinite Innovations in Technology |ISSN:2278-9057 IJIIT|Volume-I|Issue-II|2012-2013 October |Paper-02 This unit is used to amplify the signal receive from first stage amplifier. This section uses Op-Amp as amplifier. The gain will be adjustable here up to 200. This unit requires +12VDC for it proper operation. Temperature Sensor LM35 The LM35 series are precision integrated-circuit temperature sensors, whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the Celsius (Centigrade) temperature. The LM35 does not require any external calibration or trimming to provide typical accuracies. This is 3 leg IC that directly gives analog output. This unit requires +5VDC for it proper operation. IR Tx This is basically Infrared Transmitter that emits light in the range of 10-6-10-3 wavelength(m). This light is not visible by human eye and hence mostly used in security systems for proximities. This unit requires +1.5VDC for it proper operation. IR Rx IR Receiver is nothing but a photodiode that break down the diode junction when exposed to IR rays. Thus it can be used for activation & deactivation of particular system. C. Features The Following are the prominent features of the above discussed system Can record various sensor data, Real Time recording, SD/MMC Card used for huge data storage, PC based software to upload data. D. Technology & Programming Languages As microcontrollers are the core of these days digital circuit design in industry, this system uses it for the centralized operation and digital processing. The technology used here is embedded technology which is the future of todays modern electronics. The followings are the various Programming Languages & Technologies that are going to be used in the proposed system For Embedded System Embedded Technology, 8051 Family Based Controller, Embedded C - Keil Compiler, Eagle Software for PCB Designing, For PC System VB.net 2008 Based Application Software, Serial Communication Protocol, MSAccess2007 Based Database, E. Project Development Methodology or Steps The following will be development steps so as to achieve the working Prototype Model of the above proposed system Defining the Problem, Understanding the Need & Usability in industry and society (Market Analysis), Developing Block Diagram, Designing Circuits of individual blocks, Testing circuits in LAB & Finalizing, Developing PCB on PC, Getting the PCB printed from market, Soldering the components, Performing various Basic Experiments to test the PCBs, Developing Flowchart for the entire process, Writing actual Software Program, Compilation & Burning, Testing and Debugging, Developing Flowchart for PC Side Software, Developing Data Flow Diagram, Writing actual code. Finally Running the system and, Documentation. IV. SCOPE & APPLICATIONS Only the imagination can limit the applications of the above proposed system. Though the following are some examples In Car, In Trucks and transportation system, In Buses, In Taxis, Auto rickshaws, For any vehicle that is used in travelling, etc, V. CONCLUSION By the realization of the above proposed system one can learn many aspects of a digital electronics circuit. This will give the complete knowledge of designing microcontroller based system and developing embedded software. We will also learn the software development strategies and various programming techniques for PC based applications. VI. ENHANCEMENTS A. Limitations As generally all systems have some limitation, here are some listed for the proposed system The hardware is bulky, The system is not fireproof and waterproof, Currently voice recording is for 8-min only, B. Drawbacks This system has certain drawbacks also as listed The system does not sends alerts, Does not have GPS to locate vehicle,

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International Journal of Infinite Innovations in Technology |ISSN:2278-9057 IJIIT|Volume-I|Issue-II|2012-2013 October |Paper-02 C. Future Modifications There is always chance to improve the any system as research & development is an endless process. Our system is no exception to this phenomenon. The following improvements can be done Can be made low sized, Can be made fireproof & waterproof, Can be upgraded for long hours voice recording, Automatic SMS alert can be integrated,

REFERENCES
A. Embedded Books & Websites
[1] Myke Predko, Programming and Customizing the 8051 Microcontroller, Edition 1999, Tata McGraw-Hill, Page:157-167. Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillispie Mazidi, 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems , Prentice-Hall, Page:183193, 236, 243. Dogan Ibrahim, Microcontroller Projects in C for the 8051 , Newnes, Page:29-161. Kenneth J. Ayala, The 8051 Microcontroller ARCHITECTURE, PROGRAMMING and APPLICATIONS , WEST PUBLISHING COMPANY, Page:131-197. Michael J. Pont, Embedded C, Edition 2002, Addison Wesley, Page: 57-87,217. www.beyondlogic.org www.discovercircuits.com www.electronicsforu.com

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B. Electronics Books & Websites

[1] Ramakant A. Gayakwad, Op-Amps and Linear Integrated Circuits , 4th Edition, Prentice-Hall, Page:342, 417, 455. Robert L. Boylestad, Louis Nashelsky, Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10th Edition, Prentice-Hall, Page:342, 417, 455. R.P.Jain, Digital Electronics, Tata McGraw-Hill www.electronic-circuits-diagrams.com www.circuitstoday.com www.circuitlake.com

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C. Software Books & Websites

[1] Gary Cornell & Jonathan Marrison, Programming VB.Net: A Guide for experienced programmers , Second Edition 2002, ASPToday Publication, ISBN (pbk): 1-893115-99-2, 424 Pages. Dave Grundgeiger, Programming Visual Basic.Net , First Edition 2002, OReilly Publication, ISBN: 0 -596-00093-6, 464 Pages. Evangelos Petroutsos, Mark Ridgeway, Mastering Microsoft Visual Basic 2008, First Edition, Wiley Publishing, ISBN: 978-04701-8742-5. James R. Groff, Paul N. Weinberg, SQL: The Complete Reference , First Edition, Osborne/McGraw-Hill, ISBN 0-07-211845-8. Brian W. Kernighan, Dennis M. Ritchie, The C programming Language, First Edition 1988, Prentice-Hall, ISBN 0-13-110370-9.

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D. Other Books & Websites

[1] [2] [3] www.alldatasheets.com www.wikipedia.org www.keil.com

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