International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) - Volume4Issue5- May 2013

Topographical Panoramic Imageproduction using Mobile Cloud

ATHULYA AJAYAN Computer science and engineering Noorul islam university Tamilnadu, India.

Abstract-- Increasing usage of mobile computing, exploiting its full potential is difficult due to its inherent problems. The main problems are resource scarcity, frequent disconnections, battery problems and mobility. Mobile cloud computing can address the above problems by executing mobile applications on resource providers external to the mobile device. Mobile cloud computing aims to empower the mobile user by providing a high functionality, because of the resource limitations of mobiles. Here consider one problem issue as operational issue and provide some technologies to overcome the existing problems. The concept of offloading data and computation in cloud computing is used to address the inherent problems in mobile computing by using resource providers other than the mobile device itself to host the execution of mobile applications. Mobile cloud in Disaster relief: scenario a massive earthquake or flood or cyclones results in much human loss, severe infrastructure and property destruction. Disaster relief teams usually face several difficulties because of limited manpower, lack of transportation, battery power and poor communication. In proposed work, use photographs taken from different Mobile devices from a disaster struck area and send it to a cloud server. The server stitches these images together to produce a big panoramic image. This image represents the present status of the topography of the region after the disaster. The stitching happens considering several factors like location, time , gyroscope value and other common factors.

Keywords---Topographical panoramic image, Offloading, Harris points, Correlation analysis, RANSAC method, BLEND method.

I.

INTRODUCTION

Mobile devices and mobile technologies are the most essential part of human life. These are most effective and convenient tool used for communication purpose [1]. The day by day progress of mobile computing (MC) becomes a powerful trend in the development of IT technology also in industry elds. However, the mobile devices are facing many challenges in their resources (e.g. ,battery life, storage, and band

width) and communications (e.g., mobility and security) [2]. Tablets, laptops, smart phones and cloud computing are converging in the new, quick growing field of mobile cloud computing. Learn about the devices (smart phones, tablets, Wi-Fi sensors), and the trends (more flexible application development, changing work patterns), the issues (device resource poverty,bandwidth, security), and the enabling technologies that come along with a more mobile, device-usable in cloud environment. Mobile cloud computing aims to empower the mobile user by providing a seamless and rich functionality, regardless of the resource limitations of mobile devices[3]. Issues of mobile computing introduce one coming technology as cloud computing. Cloud computing (CC) has been widely recognized as the new generations computing infrastructure field. Cloud computing offers some advantages by allowing users to use infrastructure, platforms, and software provided by cloud providers. Here specify some infrastructures as server, network ,storages and platforms like middleware services and operating systems. Together with an explosive growth of the mobile applications and emerging of cloud computing concept, mobile cloud computing (MCC)[4] has been introduced a technology for mobile services. Mobile cloud computing integrates the cloud computing technology into the mobile environment and overcomes obstacles related to the performance (e.g., battery life, storage, communication and bandwidth), environment (e.g., heterogeneity, scalability, and availability), and security (e.g., reliability and privacy) in mobile computing. In mobile cloud computing introduce some issues such as operational level issues, End user level issues, Service and application level issues, Privacy security and trust, Context awareness, Resource management and Data management. Here focus mainly operational level issues. From that introduce offloading techniques in mobile cloud area. How we join the images taken from different mobile devices and stitches the images in cloud area.

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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) - Volume4Issue5- May 2013
II. LITERATURE REVIEW The proposed work shows how to use parametric program analysis to deal with this issue for the optimization problem of computation offloading. Many programs can be invoked under different execution options, input parameters and data files. The different execution contexts may lead to strikingly different execution instances. The optimal code generation may be sensitive to the execution instances. In this paper, we show how to use parametric program analysis to deal with this issue for the optimization problem of computation offloading. In a client-server distributed computing environment, the efficiency of an application program can be improved by careful partitioning of the program between the server and the client. The work " map reduce: simplified data processing on large clusters [7] says Map Reduce is a programming model and an associated implementation for processing and generating large data sets. Users specify a map function that processes a key/value pair to generate a set of intermediate key/value pairs, and a reduce function that merges all intermediate values associated with the same intermediate key. The run-time system takes care of the details of partitioning the input data, scheduling the programs execution across a set of machines, handling machine failures, and managing the required inter-machine communication. This allows programmers without any experience with parallel and distributed systems to easily utilize the resources of a large distributed system. The input data is usually large and the computations have to be distributed across hundreds or thousands of machines in order to finish in a reasonable amount of time. The issues of how to parallelize the computation, distribute the data, and handle failures conspire to obscure the original simple computation with large amounts of complex code to deal with these issues. Cloud computing provides many advantages for businesses including low initial capital investment, shorter start-up time for new services, lower maintenance and operation costs, higher utilization through virtualization, and easier disaster recovery that make cloud computing an attractive option. The primary constraints for mobile computing are limited energy and wireless bandwidth. Cloud computing can provide energy savings as a service to mobile users, though it also poses some unique challenges[8].Mobile systems, such as smart phones, have become the primary computing platform for many users. Various studies have identified longer battery lifetime as the most desired feature of such systems .Many applications are too computation intensive to perform on a mobile system. If a mobile user wants to use such applications, the computation must be performed in the cloud. Other applications

The required works are based on method of offloading techniques. All references show how to stitches the images and what are the algorithms used to connect data. Commonly we used mobile phones to take the pictures and installed in a central server. These server stitching the images and form the panoramic images. The proposed work modeling mobility in disaster area scenarios[5] represents the movements in a disaster area scenario. The model based on an analysis of tactical issues of civil protection. This analysis provides characteristics influencing network performance in public safety communication networks like heterogeneous area-based movement, obstacles, and joining/leaving of nodes. When creating a scenario for performance evaluation of a disaster area communication system, modeling the mobility is an important task because the results of the evaluation strongly depend on the model used. Typical assumptions of many models are uniform selection of destinations, nodes are allowed to move over the whole simulation area, and nodes are part of the network all the time (are not switched off and do not leave the network). The goal of this paper is to study the movement of civil protection units in a disaster area scenario and figure out how this movement can be represented in a mobility model. Mainly describe typical movement in a disaster area scenario to point out characteristics to be considered developing mobility models for such a scenario. After that, evaluates whether the movement generated with new disaster area mobility model shows an impact when compared to existing ones. For the evaluation take one concrete scenario and model the movement using different models as accurate as the particular model allows us to do. Next, choose and adapt a set of mobility metrics and evaluate the characteristics of the new model. After shows the characteristics of the new model have an impact on simulative network performance analysis. Computation offloading has been shown to be an effective way to improve performance and energy saving on mobile devices[6]. Optimal program partitioning for computation offloading depends on the tradeoff between the computation workload and the communication cost. The computation workload and communication requirement may change with different execution instances. Many programs can be invoked under different execution options, input parameters and data files. Such different execution contexts may lead to strikingly different execution instances. The optimal code generation may be sensitive to the execution instances.

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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) - Volume4Issue5- May 2013
such as image retrieval, voice recognition, gaming, and navigation can run on a mobile system .From this work we conclude that the offloading technique reduce the energy for mapping the images. Mobile systems have limited resources, such as battery life, network bandwidth, storage capacity, and processor performance. These restrictions may be alleviated by computation off loadin[9]g: sending heavy computation to resourceful servers and receiving the results from these servers. Many issues related to offloading have been investigated in the past decade. This survey paper provides an overview of the background, techniques, systems, and research areas for offloading computation. Off loading is a solution to augment mobile systems capabilities by migrating computation to more resourceful computers (i.e., servers). III. PROPOSED SYSTEM Creating a real-time photographic map of an area after being hit by a disaster. The created photographic map will be updated one reflecting the topology of the affected area. This map will help the relief teams in real-time, by giving them the current map instead of an out-dated print map. The output of required work is a huge aerial photographic map. The resultant map is produced from stitching several images obtained from different mobile devices in the disaster affected area[14]. Fig 1 shows the main issues faces in the mobile cloud areas. Here all the issues in mobile areas overcome using cloud areas. IV. WORKING PRINCIPLE

Mobile cloud in Disaster relief[12]: scenario a massive earthquake or flood or cyclones results in much human loss, severe infrastructure and property destruction. Disaster relief teams usually face several difficulties because of limited manpower, lack of transportation, and poor communication. The new paradigm of cloud computing provides an array of benefits and advantages over the previous computing paradigms and many organizations are migrating and adopting it. However, there are still a number of challenges, which are currently addressed by researchers, academicians and practitioners in the field. Several Digital and conventional maps exist but are not up-to-date with latest information. Conventional Maps: Printed Maps, Atlas, Static GPS devices in Vehicles. Digital Maps: Google Earth, Google Maps, Nokia Maps, OpenStreetMap, Yahoo! Maps and Bing Maps. Here also used some pre installed technology such as croma [10] , spectra[11] and hyrax in smart phones. .These technologies are used in client server communication side. The proposed system uses photographs taken from different mobile devices from a disaster struck area and send it to a cloud server. The server stitches these images together to produce a big panoramic image. This image represents the actual status of the topography of the region after the disaster. The stitching occurs considering several factors like GPS location, time and other factors [13].

Today one another functionality, tried in the android application. It was to provide the longitude and latitude of the current location in android using it GPS system. The coding was quite easy. We have to create a Location Manager and Location Listener. And sending the GPS_PROVIDE, we can get the current location value in term of longitude and latitude. The other value we used is gyroscope. It is a device used for measuring or maintaining orientation, based on the principle of angular momentum. This is used to sense the orientation of the phone. It added a lot of cool functionality to mobile phone. The UI(user interface) can be automatically rotated either in portrait or landscape mode, depending on the phone's orientation. An accelerometer measures only the linear acceleration of the device whereas a gyroscope measures the orientation of the device. It can sense motion including vertical and horizontal rotation. CLIENT SIDE: Here the work has to take the photographic images using our mobile phones. Then collect all the images from different mobile phones and uploaded into server side. Then the taken photos are send to server with sensor values. The sensor values are the GPS values used to find the locations. Accelerometer, gyroscope is the sensor values which we used for direction and altitude. At last the values are appended to the image side. The complete images shows the clear image of each parts. SERVER SIDE: The received photos from client side are stored to the database with GPS and other sensor values. Then the images are sorted and identified into different groups based on GPS values.

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Fig 1: issues in mobile cloud technology

CLIENT SIDE :
CAMERA APPLICATION MODULE

-Identification of nearby images. -Elimination of false positive. -Stitching , joining and merging of images.
VIEW MODULE

-Take photos from different mobile phones. -Show the preview of the images.
GPS MODULE

-The output of the images.

V. ALGORITHM PANORAMIC PRODUCTION

-Append the current GPS to the photo.

SENSOR MODULE

-Append the gyro and accelerometer value.

SENDING/ COMMUNICATION MODULE

Input: n unordered images I. Extract SIFT(scale invariant feature transform) features from all n images II. Find all nearest-neighbors for each feature . III. For each image: (i) Select number of candidate matching images (with the maximum number of feature matches to this image) (ii) Find geometrically consistent feature matches using RANSAC to solve for the homography between pairs of images (iii) Verify image matches using probabilistic model IV. (i) Find connected components of image matches (ii) Render panorama using multi-band blending method Output: Panoramic image(s)

-sends the photos to server side. -Sends the sensor values . SERVER SIDE:
RECEIVING MODULE

-Receives the photos. -Receives the sensor values.

STORAGE MODULE

-Stores the photos and GPS values.

PANORAMA GENERATION

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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) - Volume4Issue5- May 2013
VI. IMPLEMENTATION The images from the client part loaded into the server side. Here the images are goes through different methods. The different methods are explaining below.

Mobile cloud in Disaster relief: scenario a massive earthquake or flood or cyclones results in much human loss, severe infrastructure and property destruction. Disaster relief teams usually face several difficulties because of limited manpower, lack of transportation, and poor communication. Previous maps on terrain and buildings are suddenly rendered useless at present, which contributes to slow disaster relief. Data on Google Earth and Google Maps on this area is now useless since highways, bridges, landmarks and buildings would be collapsed. To conduct efficient search and rescue operations, new data must be gained and a clear picture of the terrain and buildings state must be constructed. Operational issues (method of offloading) Images are offloaded to a cloud server and stitched. Images are sent to the cloud using http/https stream in a per device basis. Location of the image is also used as a stitching factor. Images are organized based on location. Only images from same location are stitched together.
FLOWCHART FOR CLIENT SIDE APPLICATION

fig3 : server side

A.

The images are uploaded into the server system. The fig 4 shows two sample images which we use to produce panoramic image. The harris method select the equal parts present in different images and generate similar points from that images. The following steps shows how to detect the points from images. Step 1: Detect feature points using Harris Corners Detector Step2 : Show the marked points in the original image. Step3: Concatenate the two images together in a single image (just to show on screen). To make the process faster, we could use a higher suppression threshold for suppressing some points.Correlation is the another process used,it identify the angle difference between the images. The fig 6 specify how they are correlated with each other. And also specify the steps which we used. Step 4: Match feature points using a correlation measure. Step 5: Get the two sets of points. Step 6 : Concatenate the two images in a single image (just to show on screen) Step 7: Show the marked correlations in the concatenated image.

The fig 2 shows how we take the photographs from different camera and what are the modules which we used. The client is used for taking photographs and sends these images to the cloud server. The client appends many details such as GPS coordinates, time, Compass position etc.

fig 2 : client side

B. FLOW CHART FOR SERVER SIDE APLICATION

Robust Homography Matrix Estimator (RANSAC) is used to straitening the angle difference. Robustly estimating camera homography using fuzzy RANSAC from the correspondences between consecutive two images.

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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) - Volume4Issue5- May 2013

fig 7 : RANSAC method

Fig 4:uploading 2 images

Fig 5: harris point generation

fig 8 :blend method

Step 10: Concatenate the two images in a single image (just to show on screen). Step 11: Show the marked correlations in the concatenated image. Step 12: Project and blend the second image using the homography Image blending is a common practice in the generation of panoramic images and applications such as object insertion, super resolution and texture synthesis. The images should be stitched to generate a mosaic image. In a set of images, the reference image is chosen. Second image in the set is transformed to get aligned with the reference image. This gives us a blended image of first two. Now this is treated as the reference and third image is transformed according to new reference. In this way all images are blended and a final panoramic image is obtained.

fig 6: correlation analysis

RANSAC is opposite method of traditional smoothing techniques. It uses small an initial data as feasible and enlarges the consensus set. Step 8: Create the homography matrix using a robust estimator. Step 9: Plot RANSAC results against correlation results.

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VII. CONCLUSION Conference on Distributed Computing Systems.pp 217-226. [11]R.Balan,M.Satyanarayanan,S.Park,T.Okoshi,(20 03)Tactics-based remote execution for mobile computing, ACM pp 273-286. [12]M.Sathyanarayanan,(2010),Mobile Computing: the next decade in proceedings of the 1 st ACM Workshopon mobile cloud computing, NewYork, USA,pp 5.1-5.6. [13] M.Brown and D.G Lowe Department of ComputerScience University of British Columbia, Canada. [14]A.Agarwala,M.Dontchero,M.Agarwala,S.Drucke r,A.Colburn,B.Curless,D.Salesin and M.Cohen, (2004),in ACM transactions on graphics(SIG-Graph 04

The proposed work Topographical Panoramic Image production will be playing key role in disaster management and recovery processes. Ariel photography captured by the users are utilized efficiently and can be improved its performance for future works. Using the offloading technique, can improve the energy and the battery power. The image stitching can be enhanced for future usages with real-time video captured by the clients on spot of the disaster location. The future researches can be used for creating Instant maps of the disaster locations for easy and speedy relief protocols. VIII. REFERENCES

[1] S.Perez, Mobile cloud computing:$9.5 billion by 2004,http://explanet.eu/catalog.php,2010. [2] M.Satyanarayanan,Mobile computing,Computer 26(1993),pp 81-82. [3]AbdulNasirKhan,M.LMatKiah,Samee ,Sajjad A Madani,(2012),Towords Computing:A Survey,pp1 -22. U.Khan Cloud

[4] M.Rajendra Prasad,Jayadev Gyani,P.R.K Murti(2012),Mobile Cloud Computing: Implication and challenges,Journal of information engineering and application,Vol 2,No.7,pp 1-15. [5] Nils Aschenbruck,Elmar GerhardsPadilla,Michael Gerharz,Matthias Frank,Peter Martini,(2007), modeling mobility in disaster area scenarios,ACM 978 -1-59593-851. [6]ChengWang,Zhiyuan Liu-Yung-Hsiang Lu,(2004), Parametric Analysis for Adaptive Computation offloading,Washington,DC,USA. [7]J.Dean,S.Ghemawat,(2008),Map Reduce: simplified data processing on large clusters, Communications of the ACM 51pp 107-113. [8] K.Kumar,Y.H.Lu,,(2010),Cloud computing for mobile users:can offloading computation save energy? pp 51-56. [9] Karthik Kumar.Jibang Liu-Yung-Hsiang Lu, (April 2012), A Survey of computation offloading for mobile systems, Purdue University,USA. [10]J.Flinn,S.Park,M.Satyanarayanan,(2002)Balanci ng performance,energy,and equal quality in pervasive computing,in proceeding of the 22 nd International

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