Buses

This railway network is ably supported by an ever-expanding network of city buses. The overall length of the bus network of Madrid's Municipal Transport Corporation (Empresa Municipal de Transportes, or EMT) at yearclose 2008, when 426 million passengers were transported, stood at 3,690 kilometres, marking a 31% increase over the last eight years. These routes are serviced by a growing fleet of over 2,000 vehicles, while the network as a whole is undergoing a continuous improvement process with a view to attaining the utmost standards of speed, quality and sustainability.

Roads
Main article: Highways in Spain

Madrid's motorway hub network.

Madrid is the most important hub of Spain's motorway network and is surrounded by four orbital motorways: M30, M40, M45 and M50. M30 circles the central districts and is the inner ring motorway of Madrid. Significant portions of M30 runs underground and its urban motorway tunnels have sections of more than 6 km (3.73 mi) in length and 3 to 6 lanes in each direction, between the south entry of the Avenida de Portugal tunnel and the north exit of the M-30 south by-pass there are close to 10 km (6.21 mi) of continuous tunnels. M40 is a ring motorway which borders Madrid at a mean distance of 10.07 kilometres (6.26 mi) and it has a total length of 63.3 km (39.33 mi). M45 is a partial ring around the city serving the metropolitan area of Madrid. It was built to help alleviate the congestion of the M40 from the southern to the north-eastern, runs between the M40 and the M50 where the two ring motorways are more separated. M50 is the outer of the Madrid orbital motorways and has a total length of 85 km (52.82 mi). It services mainly the metropolitan area at a mean distance of 13.5 km (8.39 mi). The most important radial autovas of Madrid are:
Sign Denomination al A-1 A-2 Autova del Norte Autova del Itinerary Madrid Aranda de Duero Burgos Miranda de Ebro Vitoria San Sebastin Madrid Guadalajara Zaragoza Lrida Barcelona

Nordeste A-3 Autova del Este Madrid Valencia

A-4 Autova del Sur Madrid Crdoba Sevilla Jerez Cdiz A-5 A-6 A42 Autova del Suroeste Autova del Noroeste Autova de Toledo Madrid Talavera de la Reina Navalmoral de la Mata Mrida Badajoz Portugal Madrid Medina del Campo Benavente Astorga Ponferrada Lugo La Corua Madrid Illescas Toledo

Radial tolled autopistas (named R-n instead of A-n) form a new system of accesses to the capital that merges with their autova counterparts far from Madrid. The main advantage to these roads is that they allow true fast travel from the first kilometer.
Signal R-2 R-3 R-4 R-5 M-12 Denominatio n Autopista Radial 2 Autopista Radial 3 Autopista Radial 4 Autopista Radial 5 Eje aeropuerto Itinerary Madrid (M-40)M-50Guadalajara (A-2) Madrid (M-30)Arganda del Rey (A-3) Madrid (M-50)AranjuezOcaa (A-4/A40/AP-36) Madrid (M-40)Navalcarnero (A-5) Madrid (M-40)M-11Airport terminal 4 A-1

International relations
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Spain

Twin towns and sister cities

List of twin towns, sister cities and partner cities:[127]

Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

Lima, Peru Lisbon,

Rabat, Morocco Rio de Janeiro,

Asuncin, Paraguay Beijing, China Berlin, Germany Bogot, Colombia Bordeaux, France[128][129] Brussels, Belgium Budapest, Hungary Buenos Aires, Argentina Caracas, Venezuela Guatemala City, Guatemala La Habana, Cuba La Paz, Bolivia

Portugal

Brazil

Managua, Nicaragua Manila, Philippines Mexico City, Mexico Montevideo, Uruguay Moscow, Russia New York City, US Nouakchott, Mauritania Panama City, Panama Paris, France Quito, Ecuador Prague, Czech Republic

Rome, Italy San Jos, Costa Rica San Juan, Puerto Rico San Salvador, El Salvador Santiago de Chile, Chile Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina Sofia, Bulgaria Tegucigalpa, Honduras Tripoli, Libya Warsaw, Poland

Notable people
Main article: List of people from Madrid

Andrs Manuel del Ro

Federico Chueca

Fernando Trueba

Francisco de Quevedo

Francisco J. Ayala

Juan Caramuel

Jos Ortega y Gasset

Juan Gris

Lope de Vega

Mara Guerrero

Rodrigo Rato

Tirso de Molina

Other historic buildings

St. Michael's Basilica

St. Barbara's Church.

Royal Observatory.

Congress of Deputies.

Spanish Ministry of Agriculture.

Bank of Spain.

Crculo de Bellas Artes.

Hospital of Maudes.

SGAE Seat.

Carrin Building.

Spanish Air Force Headquarters.

Torres Blancas.

Honours

Madrid Dome on Oscar II Coast in Graham Land, Antarctica is named after the city.[130]

See also
Spain portal

Mayor of Madrid Madrid capital C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group Madrid Conference of 1991 OPENCities

References
1. ^ "La dominacin rabe (Arab rule). The city of Mayrit, a fortress in its origin, was founded by the end of the 9th century. " (in Spanish). Retrieved 7 August 2011.[dead link] 2. ^ Population by sex and age groups - Eurostat, 2012 3. 4. ^ World Urban Areas - Demographia, March 2013 ^ INE.es Instituto Nacional de Estadstica (National Statistics Institute)

5. 6. 7. 8.

^ a b "World Urban Areas: Population & Density" (PDF). Demographia. Retrieved 10 August 2008. ^a for 2004.
b

Eurostat, UrbanAudit.org. Retrieved 12 March 2009. Data

^ a b Brinkoff, Thomas "Principal Agglomerations of the World". Retrieved 12 March 2009. Data for 1 January 2009. ^ a b United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, World Urbanization Prospects (2007 revision), (United Nations, 2008), Table A.12. Data for 2007. ^ "Member of the Governing Council. Delegate for Economy, Employment and Citizen Involvement" (PDF). p. 6. Retrieved 3 September 2012. ^ "Madrid". Indiana.edu. 10 July 2006.[dead link] ^ "Global city GDP rankings 20082025". Pricewaterhouse Coopers. Retrieved 20 November 2009. ^ Globalization and World Cities (GaWC) Study Group and Network, Loughborough University. "The World According to GaWC 2010". ^ "Global Power City Index 2009" (PDF). Retrieved 14 April 2011. ^ "Worldwide Centers of Commerce Index" (PDF). Retrieved 3 September 2012. ^ "Global Power City Index" (PDF). Retrieved 3 September 2012. ^ "Monocle's World's Most Liveable Cities Index 2009". Monocle.com. 10 June 2009. Retrieved 18 October 2010.[dead link] ^ "Top 20 liveable cities 10 Madrid". Monocle.com. Retrieved 18 October 2010.[dead link] ^ "Greenest cities in Europe". Citymayors.com. 2010-03-03. Retrieved 2013-01-03. ^ "IOC selects three cities as Candidates for the 2020 Olympic Games". Olympic.org. 12 August 2012. Retrieved 3 September 2012. ^ [1][dead link] ^ "Arte Contemporaneo en Espaa - ARCOmadrid". Ifema.es. Retrieved 9 November 2012. ^ [2] SIMO TCI ^ [3]Cibeles Madrid Fashion Week ^ "Arquitectura. Edificios de los Museos Estatales". Mcu.es. 25 January 2012. Retrieved 7 August 2012.

9.

10. 11. 12.

13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24.

25. 26. 27.

^ "Geography of Madrid". Easy expat. 11 August 2006. ^ "Plaza de Cibeles | Spain.info in english". Spain.info. Retrieved 7 August 2012. ^ "Madrid's Palacio de Cibeles Renovated Into Jaw-Dropping CentroCentro Cultural Center | Inhabitat Sustainable Design Innovation, Eco Architecture, Green Building". Inhabitat. Retrieved 7 August 2012. ^ "Cibeles Fountain Tourism in Madrid". Turismomadrid.es. Retrieved 7 August 2012. ^ a b "El Madrid Medieval (Medieval Madrid). Includes Prehistoric, roman and medieval up to the Catholic Monarchs". History of Madrid. (in Spanish). Jos Manuel Castellanos. Retrieved 28 October 2007. ^ "Madrid History Museums Suggested Itineraries Madrid". Indigoguide.com. Retrieved 3 February 2010. ^ Xavier Delamarre, Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise, ditions errance 2003. p. 258. ^ "El origen del nombre.". JLL & JRP. 16 August 2006. ^ a b "Los primeros madrileos llegaron hace 500.000 aos. Los descubrimientos de la M-30.". ^ "La prehistoria de Madrid". Retrieved 13 March 2007. ^ Ocupaciones achelenses en el valle del Jarama (Arganda, Madrid);Santonja, Manuel; Lpez Martnez, Nieves y Prez-Gonzlez, Alfredo;1980;Diputacin provincial de Madrid;ISBN 84-500-3554-6 ^ "Las villas romanas de Madrid. Madrid en poca romana." (PDF). ^ El Madrid antiguo en poca romana;Fernndez Palacios, Fernando;Estudios de Prehistoria y Arqueologa Madrileas;Number 13; year 2004 ^ "824 tumbas visigodas en Vicalvaro.". ^ "Madrid Islmico". Nova.es. Retrieved 7 August 2012. ^ It was recorded in the 15th century by the Arab geographer al-Himyari, who his book "The Perfurmed Garden book about the news of the countrie"s (Kitab al Rawd to mi'tar) describes: "Madrid, remarkable city of Al-Andalus, which was built by Amir Muhammad ibn Abd ar-Rahman..." ^ "Ayuntamiento de Madrid Alfonso VI en Madrid" (in Spanish). Madrid.es. Retrieved 7 August 2012. ^ "E L M A D R I D M E D I E V A L = Jos Manuel Castellanos Oate". Elmadridmedieval.jmcastellanos.com. Retrieved 7 August 2012.

28. 29.

30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35.

36. 37.

38. 39. 40.

41. 42.

43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49.

^ "Ayuntamiento de Madrid El Siglo XIII" (in Spanish). Madrid.es. Retrieved 7 August 2012. ^ Esarte, Pedro (2001). Navarra, 1512-1530. Pamplona: Pamiela. ISBN 84-7681-340-6. ^ This and other 16th- and 17th-century views of Madrid (from Frederic de Witt and Pedro Texeira)can be seen at this website[dead link] ^ "Ayuntamiento de Madrid Madrid capital" (in Spanish). Madrid.es. Retrieved 7 August 2012. ^ "Ayuntamiento de Madrid El Madrid del Siglo de Oro" (in Spanish). Madrid.es. Retrieved 7 August 2012. ^ [4] Royal Academies ^ "Ayuntamiento de Madrid Madrid bajo el signo del reformismo ilustrado" (in Spanish). Madrid.es. Retrieved 7 August 2012. ^ "Ayuntamiento de Madrid Madrid y la Guerra de la Independencia" (in Spanish). Madrid.es. Retrieved 7 August 2012. ^ "Ayuntamiento de Madrid - El Madrid liberal" (in (Spanish)). Madrid.es. Retrieved 2013-01-03. ^ a b c "Madrid, de territorio fronterizo a regin metropolitana. Madrid, from being the "frontier" to become a Metropole.". History of Madrid. (in Spanish). Luis Enrique Otero Carvajal (Profesor Titular de Historia Contempornea. Universidad Complutense. Madrid). Retrieved 28 October 2007. ^ "Pleno de Madrid (Spanish Only)" (in Spanish). Munimadrid.es. Retrieved 13 April 2010. ^ "Local Government Organization (Spanish Only)" (in Spanish). Munimadrid.es. Retrieved 13 April 2010. ^ "Tipos de clima" (in Spanish). ^ J. Klausen, MeteoSwiss, Switzerland. "GAWSIS 2.2". Gaw.empa.ch. Retrieved 2013-01-03. ^ Extreme Values (annual), Madrid. AEMet. ^ "Standard Climate Values, Madrid". AEMet. Nov 2011. Retrieved 17 November 2011. ^ "Extreme Values (JanApr), Madrid". AEMet. ^ "Extreme Values (MayAug), Madrid". AEMet. ^ "Extreme Values (SepDec), Madrid". AEMet. ^ "Standard Climate Values, Madrid Aeropuerto.". AEMet. Nov 2011. Retrieved 17 November 2011. ^ "Standard Climate Values, Madrid, Cuatro Vientos.". AEMet.

50. 51. 52.

53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63.

64.

^ "Foreign Population in the city of madrid. A study by the Direccin General de Estadstica of the municipality of Madrid" (PDF). Retrieved 13 April 2010.[dead link] ^ "Explotacin estadstica del censo de ciudadanos musulmanes en Espaa referido a fecha 31/12/2012". UNIN DE COMUNIDADES ISLMICAS DE ESPAA: 69. 2012. ^ "Eurostat - Tables, Graphs and Maps Interface (TGM) table". Epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu. 2 April 2012. Retrieved 9 November 2012. ^ Royal Palace of Madrid ^ "Overview: Economy of Madrid". EasyExpat. 16 August 2006. ^ "Madrid Economy" (PDF). Empresa Municipal Promocin de Madrid. Retrieved 15 August 2008. ^ "City Mayors reviews the richest cities in the world in 2005". Citymayors.com. 11 March 2007. Retrieved 8 July 2009. ^ Colpisa. "Ocho regiones espaolas superan ya el PIB medio de la Unin Europea. La Verdad". Laverdad.es. Retrieved 8 July 2009. ^ "The world's best financial cities". City Mayors. ^ "El salario medio bruto se acerca a 2.000 euros en el segundo trimestre del ao". elmundo.es. 29 September 2007. Retrieved 8 July 2009. ^ "World's richest cities in 2008". City Mayors. Retrieved 8 July 2009. ^ "Museo Reina Sofa (MNCARS), official english webpage". Museoreinasofia.es. Retrieved 2013-01-03. ^ Kandell, Jonathan (28 April 2002). "Baron ThyssenBornemisza, Industrialist Who Built Fabled Art Collection, Dies at 81". The New York Times. Retrieved 7 August 2012. ^ "Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum, official english webpage". ^ "The Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando Museum, Madrid". Gomadrid.com. Retrieved 14 April 2011. ^
a b

65.

66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73.

74. 75. 76.

77. 78. 79. 80. 81.

[5][dead link]

^ .http://www.patrimonionacional.es/Home/PalaciosReales/Palacio-Real-de-Madrid.aspx ^ a b Ignacio Snchez Ramrez info @ visionados. com. "Museo Arqueolgico Nacional | Inicio". Man.mcu.es. Retrieved 1 June 2011. ^ a b "Museo de Amrica". Museodeamerica.mcu.es. Retrieved 1 June 2011. ^
a b

82. 83.

"Portada". MNCN. 27 May 2011. Retrieved 2 June 2011.

84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93.

^ a b "Patrimonio Nacional Monasterio de las Descalzas Reales". Patrimonionacional.es. Retrieved 14 April 2011. ^ a b "Fundacin Lzaro Galdiano museum website". Flg.es. Retrieved 14 April 2011. ^ "Museo de Artes Decorativas". Mnartesdecorativas.mcu.es. Retrieved 1 June 2011. ^ "Museo del Romanticismo". Museoromanticismo.mcu.es. Retrieved 1 June 2011. ^ "Museo Cerralbo". Museo Cerralbo. Retrieved 1 June 2011. ^ "Museo Nacional de Antropologa". Mnantropologia.mcu.es. Retrieved 1 June 2011. ^
a b

"Museo Sorolla". Museo Sorolla. Retrieved 1 June 2011.

^ "Patrimonio Nacional - Palacio Real de Madrid". Patrimonionacional.es. Retrieved 2013-01-03. ^ "The Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando Museum, Madrid". Gomadrid.com. Retrieved 14 April 2011. ^ "INICIO MUSEO NAVAL MADRID - Museo Naval - Armada Espaola - Ministerio de Defensa - Gobierno de Espaa" (in (Spanish)). Armada.mde.es. Retrieved 2013-01-03. 01-03. ^ "de Madrid" (in (Spanish)). Museo del Aire. Retrieved 2013-

94. 95. 96.

^ "Patrimonio Nacional - Real Sitio de El Pardo". Patrimonionacional.es. Retrieved 2013-01-03. ^ "Museo del Ferrocarril de Madrid Delicias - Fundacin de los Ferrrocarriles Espaoles". Museodelferrocarril.org. Retrieved 2013-0103. ^ "Caixaforum Madrid | Nuestros centros | Obra Social "la Caixa"". Obrasocial.lacaixa.es. 1974-01-15. Retrieved 2013-01-03. ^ "Madrid es la cuarta ciudad europea ms visitada. Datos del Consejero delegado de Economa y Participacin Ciudadana, Miguel ngel Villanueva". Madridiario.es. 2007-01-30. Retrieved 2013-05-11. ^ "Real Decreto 1109/1993, de 9 de julio, por el que se aprueba los Estatutos de la Real Academia Espaola". Noticias.juridicas.com. 21 January 2011. Retrieved 14 April 2011. ^ National Library website[dead link]

97. 98.

99.

100.

101. ^ MSO.net - http://www.mso.net. "Things to do in Madrid Popular sightseeing activities & things to do in Madrid". Directlinecitybreaks.co.uk. Retrieved 14 June 2010. 102. ^ "11 Festival Escena Contempornea". Escenacontemporanea.com. Retrieved 14 June 2010.

103. ^ "Festival Alternativo de las Artes Escnicas, Madrid, Spain Things to Do Reviews". NileGuide.com. Retrieved 14 June 2010. 104. ^ Addis Network S.L. "SpainTube Art Madrid Alternativo o complementario a ARCO? Galeria Arte Rita Castellote/Arte Contemporaneo en Madrid". Galeriaritacastellote.es. Retrieved 14 June 2010.[dead link] 105. ^ "Madrid's Bohemian Best: Exploring Lavapis La Castiza". En.momondo.com. Retrieved 14 June 2010. 106. ^ "Madrid Neighbourhoods: Lavapis... Going out, eating, drinking, and bohemian cool! Notes from Madrid Tapas bars, restaurants, shopping, and nightlife in Madrid". Notesfrommadrid.com. 15 November 2007. Retrieved 14 June 2010. 107. ^ "El Rastro & Lavapis". Whatmadrid.com. Retrieved 14 June 2010. 108. ^ "Auditorio Nacional de Msica". Time Out. Retrieved 19 August 2009. 109. ^ "Orquesta Sinfnica Chamartn-Historia (in Spanish)". Orquesta Sinfnica Chamartn. 20 February 2008. Retrieved 28 August 2008. 110. 111. ^ "Teatro Real (Timeout Madrid)". Retrieved 31 January 2009. ^ History of the Teatro de la Zarzuela[dead link]

112. ^ "''Teatro de la Zarzuela Timeout Madrid''". Timeout.com. Retrieved 13 April 2010. 113. ^ "La Orquesta Sinfnica (in Spanish)". RTVE. Retrieved 24 August 2009.[dead link] 114. ^ "Madrid Bids for 2020 Olympic Games". CNN. 13 July 2011. Retrieved 15 September 2011. 115. ^ Valiente, Emeterio (25 April 2010). Course record for Cherogony, while Gebrselassie 'jogs' to 10 km (6.21 mi) victory Madrid Marathon report. IAAF. Retrieved 29 April 2010. 116. ^ "Madrid Advances 2020 Olympics Ambitions; Doha Still Considering Bid". Aroundtherings.com. 13 July 2011. Retrieved 15 September 2011. 117. ^ "Sistema Educativo LOE by the Spanish Ministry of Education(Spanish Only)" (in Spanish). Mec.es. Archived from the original on 12 April 2008. Retrieved 13 April 2010. 118. ^ "Universidad Complutense". Missouri-St. Louis University. 10 July 2006. 119. ^ "Complutense University of Madrid". UCM.

120. ^ a b ""El Mundo" ''50 Carreras 2008''". Elmundo.es. Retrieved 2013-01-03.

121. ^ "Universidad Autnoma". Universidad Autnoma de Madrid. 10 July 2006. 122. ^ ""El Mundo" ''250 Masters 2007''". Aula2.elmundo.es. Retrieved 2013-01-03. 123. ^ "Department of Economics, U. Carlos III de Madrid". Eco.uc3m.es. Retrieved 2013-01-03. 124. ^ http://www.econphd.net/rankings.htm

125. ^ "ACI Passenger Traffic Data 2009". Airports.org. 5 August 2010. Retrieved 14 April 2011.[dead link] 126. ^ "Madrid Metro". Robert Schwandl. 17 August 2006.[dead link]

127. ^ "Mapa Mundi de las ciudades hermanadas". Ayuntamiento de Madrid. 128. ^ "Bordeaux - Rayonnement europen et mondial". Mairie de Bordeaux (in French). Archived from the original on 2013-02-07. Retrieved 2013-07-29. 129. ^ "Bordeaux-Atlas franais de la coopration dcentralise et des autres actions extrieures". Dlgation pour lAction Extrieure des Collectivits Territoriales (Ministre des Affaires trangres) (in French). Archived from the original on 2013-02-07. Retrieved 201307-29. 130. ^ Madrid Dome. SCAR Composite Antarctic Gazetteer.

External links
Find more about Madrid at Wikipedia's sister projects Definitions and translations from Wiktionary Media from Commons Learning resources from Wikiversity News stories from Wikinews Quotations from Wikiquote Source texts from Wikisource

Textbooks from Wikibooks Travel guide from Wikivoyage Database entry Q2807 on Wikidata