2.

a) Similarities and Differences between Non-verbal and Verbal (Language) Communication Non-verbal Communication We cannot help communicating non-verbally it is difficult to control so truthful often. It has to be done face to face Verbal Communication (Language) Language is easier to control and more deliberate so easier to lie Language can be used in written form to communicate with other people when they are not present e.g letters, e-mail, books etc Language can also be difficult to interpret but generally you can be more specific Language can also be manipulated Language can be used to discuss things that have happened in the past or will happen in the future or discuss abstract subjects such as love or freedom Language can be used to express emotions too

Difficult to interpret and can result in stereotyping Can be manipulated Can only communicate a limited range of things no sense of past, future, abstract concepts

Non-verbal communication expresses attitudes and emotions It helps to establish identity (clothing, hair style etc) It can be used instead of verbal communication sign language, hand signals NVC doesnt have to be taught

Your language also establishes your identity through accent, vocabulary etc

Language is acquired naturally but is taught to some extent Language establishes and maintains relationships also Language helps to regulate interactions through verbal cues like pauses

NVC establishes and maintains relationships

Helps to regulate interactions e.g turn-taking through eye contact etc Enhances verbal communication e.g describing the size of something Reinforces group membership e.g dress

Examples of non verbal communication include be a smile, wink, or wave. All of these communicate something without the use of oral or written language. Even if you do not say a word, your silence can communicate in a non-verbal way. An example of verbal communication would be a face to face meeting. A telephone call could also be a verbal method of communication.

2 b) Factors importance in oral communications There are a number of factors which influence effective oral communication. Factors like conversation style of the speaker, language, medium, the temperament of the receiver and speaker, size of audience; importance of message, fear of superiors etc. are important. For instance, an important person, appearing on the TV, words if wrongly selected and used, may damage his image students background especially their home environment, socio-economic status, their early schooling experiences as well as their general exposure to the English language affect their motivation in learning the language and the overall usage of oral communication. Other factors are the emphasis given to oral skills in the course content, materials used for oral activities, lecturers approach in the classroom and personal factors stemming from students inadequacies in using the language inside and outside the classroom. Nonverbal elements such as posture, gestures, and facial expressions are also important factors in developing good oral communication skills. "Thus good posture suggests poise and confidence; stand neither at rigid attention nor with sloppy casualness draped over the podium, but erect with your weight about equally distributed on each foot." Some movement may be helpful to hold listeners' attention or to increase emphasis, but constant shifting or pacing should be avoided. Likewise, hand and arm gestures can be used to point, describe, or emphasize, but they should be varied, carefully timed, and adapted to the audience. Finally, good speakers should make frequent eye contact with the audience, let their facial expression show their interest in the ideas they are presenting, and dress in a way that is appropriate for the occasion.