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1. (a) How much time is spent in scanning across each row of pixels during screen refresh on a
raster system with a resolution of 1280 by 1024 and a refresh rate of 60 frames per second.
Assume horizontal and vertical retrace times are negligible.
(b) Discuss about the applications of computer graphics in the area of image processing.
[10+6]
2. (a) Write Bresenham’s algorithm for line generation which is suitable for any slope.
(b) Using the above algorithm, generate the intermediate points of the line segment, if the
two end-points are given as (30,18) and (20,10). [8+8]
4. (a) Give a brief note about two dimensional viewing functions. Give an example which uses
two dimensional viewing functions.
(b) Explain the Cohen-Sutherland line clipping algorithm. [8+8]
5. Explain the procedure to design two-dimensional cubic-Bezier curve shapes that have second
order piece-wise continuity. [16]
6. Prove that the multiplication of three-dimensional transformation matrices for each of the
following sequence of operations is commutative.
7. (a) Distinguish between object-space and image space methods of visible surface detection
algorithms. Give examples for each.
(b) Given points P (1, 2, 0), P (3, 6, 20) P (2, 4, 6) and a view point C (0, 0, -10), determine
which points obscure the others when viewed from C. [8+8]
8. What are the issues involved in design of a story board layout with accompanying key frames
for an animation of a single polyhedron. [16]
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Code No: R5311902 2
III B.Tech I Semester(R05) Supplementary Examinations, May 2009
COMPUTER GRAPHICS
(Electronics & Computer Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
?????
1. (a) Consider a non interlaced raster monitor with a resolution of n by m (m scan lines and
n pixels per scan line), a refresh rate of r frames per second, a horizontal retrace time of
t horiz and vertical retrace time of tvert. What is the fraction of total refresh time per
frame spent in retrace of the electron beam.
(b) Explain the applications for large-screen displays. What graphical output devices support
it? [12+4]
2. (a) Explain the DDA scan conversion algorithm for generating the points on line segment,
when two end-points are given as input.
(b) Digitize the line with end-points (20,10) and (30,18) using DDA algorithm.
[8+8]
3. Show that the transformation matrix for a reflection about the line y=x is equivalent to a
reflection relative to the x axis followed by a counter clockwise rotation of 900 .
[16]
6. Find a transformation Av which aligns a given vector V with the vector K along the positive
z-axis. [16]
7. (a) Explain the possible relationships between polygon surfaces while implementing area-
subdivision method. How to handle these cases.
(b) Illustrate with an example a scence consisting of three or more planes and explain how
the BSP tree is constructed to represent the scene. [8+8]
8. (a) How the morphing effects are implemented in key frame system bared animation lan-
guages?
(b) Explain how the kinematic description are simulated in key frame systems.
[8+8]
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Code No: R5311902 3
III B.Tech I Semester(R05) Supplementary Examinations, May 2009
COMPUTER GRAPHICS
(Electronics & Computer Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
?????
1. (a) What is the fraction of the total time per frame spent in retrace of electron beam for a
non-interfaced raster system with a resolution of 1280 by 1024, a refresh rate of 60 Hz, a
horizontal retrace time of 5 micro seconds and a vertical retrace time of 500 micro seconds.
(b) Explain the architecture of a simple random scan system. [10+6]
2. (a) Use the mid-point method to derive a decision parameter for generating points along a
straight line path with slope in the range 0 <m <1.
(b) Use the mid-point method and symmetry considerations propose a solution to scan convert
the parabola. x=y 2 for the interval - 10 ≤ y ≤10. [8+8]
5. Determine the quadratic Bezier blending functions for three control points. Plot each function
and label the maximum and minimum values. [16]
6. Given a unit cube with one corner at (0, 0, 0) and the opposite corner at (1, 1, 1), derive the
transformations necessary to rotate the cube by θ degrees about the main diagonal (from (0, 0,
0) to (1, 1, 1) in the counter clock-wise direction when looking along the diagonal toward the
origin. [16]
8. What are the steps in design of animation sequence? Describe about each step briefly. [16]
?????
Code No: R5311902 4
III B.Tech I Semester(R05) Supplementary Examinations, May 2009
COMPUTER GRAPHICS
(Electronics & Computer Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
?????
1. (a) Distinguish the operating charactersitcs of raster refresh systems and vector refresh sys-
tems.
(b) Explain the functioning of LCDs. What are its advantages? [8+8]
2. (a) Implement the line-type function by modifying Breshenham’s line drawing algorithm to
display either solid, dashed or dotted lines.
(b) Modify the mid-point algorithm for scan converting lines to write pixels with varying
intensity as a function of line slope. [8+8]
3. (a) What is the general form of the matrix for rotation about a point P(h,k).
(b) Perform a 450 rotation of a triangle A(0,0), B(1,1) and C(5,2) about the origin.
[8+8]
4. (a) Explain how to determine whether a polygon vertex is inside or outside the window edge.
What is the significance of this routine in determining whether a polygon edge intersects
the window edge.
(b) Justify that the Sutherland - Hodgeman algorithm is not suitable for clipping when the
clipping polygon is a concave window. [8+8]
5. (a) Describe the phong illumination model. Explain the parameters used in phong’s model.
(b) List and explain the problems with interpolated shading methods. [8+8]
6. (a) What is the procedure for reflecting an about an arbitrarily selected plane.
(b) What are the characterstics of perspective projections? [8+8]
7. Write an algorithm for generating a quad tree representation for the visible surfaces of an object
by applying the area subdivision tests to determine the values of the quad tree elements. [16]
8. (a) Explain how the simple animation effects are achieved by look-up table entries.
(b) Give a brief note about graphical languages for animation. [8+8]
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