Definition

Characteristics

Scientific Worldview Human conception on the basis of science or scientific speculation and pragmatic study of the worldly reality as such. -Particular steps need to be taken which are : Identifying the problems, proposing hypothesis, collecting data and information, testing the hypothesis, verifying on data and information. -If the hypothesis is correct, it may be proceeded to construct a scientific theory. -Then it becomes scientific facts. The scientific facts remains intact for long period of time and it will be questioned with the development of human understanding and the new data and tools of research.

Philosophical Worldview A comprehensive conception of the world based on philosophy and its school of thought. -Rests on a consequence of principles that are in the first place self-evident and undeniable to the mind, carried forward by demonstration and deduction and in the second place general and comprehensive. -Answers those same questions in which ideologies rest.

Religious Worldview A comprehensive conception of the world on the basis of religious traditions. -Considers both seen and unseen world.It is comprehensive in its perception of the world. It does not undermine any dimension of reality and existence. -Its basis is on the scripture or sacred, revealed or non-revealed text. -It is more stable than the scientific and philosophical worldview, in terms of having certain and unchangeable principles of belief system and ethical system. -Imparts to our life the sense of responsibility and, meaning and purpose.

Scope

The world and its natural phenomenon

Deals with physical and metaphysical realities.

Considers both the world of seen and unseen.

Advantages

-Provide man with exact, precise and discriminating facts or explanations about the world and its natural phenomena. -Improves mans understanding with the laws of nature hence enabling him to control, exploit, and utilize the nature. -Confirms expertise to the process of modernization through the scientific knowledge of the world. -Partial knowledge on the world and does not explain the whole character of the world. -It is changeable, constantly shakeable and hypothetical.

-More comprehensive than scientific worldview. -Has many stable facts and principles. -Deals with the entire existence and the universe. -Gives meaning to our life and assumes that life has a meaning. -when someone makes the wrong suggestion or convenient excuse for something that any fool could believe will allow people to make the wrong conclusion. -cannot be scientifically applied or verified in reliable scientific study. Socrates inverts the common man's intuition about what is knowable and what is real. While most people take the objects of their senses to be real if anything is, Socrates is contemptuous of people who think that something has to be graspable in the hands to be real. Provides human kind the knowledge on the unseen world

-Relies more on the scripture or revealed text without undermining the other sources of knowledge like reason or experiment. -Builds the links between the material world and the metaphysical world. -Provides answers to some metaphysical questions about the universe.

Disadvantages

-Some astray religions provides wrong information

example

In order to explain the theory of relativity, Einstein did a lot of research and hypothesis before came up with that idea.

Islam based on the revealed sacred book believes that Allah is the God who creates everything.

Compatibility with islam

Provides human kind a firm stand about a partial of the world.

Provides both about seen and unseen world

Definition

Characteristics

Liberalism From Latin word, Liber, which means free. A belief that the assumptions and methods of the natural sciences are appropriate and essential to all other disciplines, including the humanities and the social sciences. -Views society as an organic whole in which all individuals have a duty to promote the common good - Uphold and respect the right of one another to disagree -Support for constitutions, free and fair elections,

Extremism any ideology or political act far outside the perceived political center of a society; or otherwise claimed to violate common moral standards

Globalization the process of international integration arising from the interchange of world views, products, ideas, and other aspects of culture

Postmodernism Postmodernism is largely a reaction to scientific or objective efforts to explain reality. postmodernism is based on the position that reality is not mirrored in human understanding of it, but is rather constructed as the mind tries to understand its own personal reality.

Materialism materialism holds that the only thing that exists is matter or energy; that all things are composed of material and all phenomena (including consciousness) are the result of material interactions

Secularism Material well-being in the present world which is the essential means to human happiness.

-Taking a political idea to its limits, regardless of unfortunate repercussions, impracticalities, arguments, and feelings to the contrary, and with the intention not only to confront, but to eliminate opposition -Intolerance toward all views other than ones own

Rapid growth of international business, international trade, international tourism, -Economic globalization -Tax havens, a state, country or territory where certain taxes are levied at a low rate or not at all

Truth is relative. One individuals perception of reality doesnt always match another individuals perception of reality. Postmodern thinkers believe that there isnt one religion thats right. Instead, all of them are legitimate. Believe in equality for all, regardless of race, sexual orientation, class or religion. Therefore,

-All science is based on experience and consists in subjecting the data furnished by the senses of to a rational method of investigation. -They believed all happens by necessity-there is no chance--and that the universe contains only empty space and atoms. -Excludes the existence of entities that are radically different from

Religion should not be involved with the ordinary social and political activities of a country.

pluralistic society

Scope

-Economy-the good of the community is viewed as harmonious with the freedom of the individual -Social-organizing the economy on individualist lines, such that the greatest possible number of economic decisions are made by private individuals and not by collective institutions -People have the freedom to develop their own unique abilities and capacities without being

-Adoption of means to political ends which show disregard for the life, liberty, and human rights of others Religion-most extremists are religion-based Politics-each party thinks that they are right, therefore they wants to win by all means.

there isnt one right way or superior to the to live. matter of ordinary experience

Global business organization,econo mic globalization,socioc ultural globalization, Global natural environment

Art -Literature -Music -Urban planning -Architecture

Historical in which materialism being applied to historical development

In political terms, secularism is a movement towards the separation of religion and government (often termed the separation of church and state) -Nature-is not a divine entity

Advantages

-They ought to achieve their mission by all means

-Globalization gives a larger market. People can sell more goods and make more money. -Globalization lets

Rejection of science, therefore no need to fight old battles over evolution and creation -new openness to diversity

-Lays stress on science as legitimate source of knowledge of the world. -Every theory or idea have to be proved first for them to become a

-Its main orientation has to be toward maximum efficiency -no single religion is outlawed and thus people have right to

Disadvantages

sabotaged by others -Respect minorities and minority tradition -Promotes future change instead of being stuck in tradition -Individuals were no longer properties of the states -Separation of religion and state -The flawed presupposition that humans are fundamentally 'good' -promoting 'democracy' in the public eyes, but ideologically fascist, in that they believe most humans need to be 'educated', whether they want to be or not

countries do what they can do best. -Consumers also profit from globalization. Products become cheaper and they can get new goods more quickly.

-emphasis on social justice -Respect for the environment

fact.

preach whatever Holy Book they want to preach.

- Demonizing those who disagree -Desire for a Final Battle, or "Holy War" to sweep away un believers -An extremist is certain that his position is absolutely and completely true, and will go to great lengths to defend it

-Globalization causes unemployment in industrialized countries because firms move their factories to places where they can get cheaper workers.

-Inability to speak to condemn evil -Post-modernism causes us to ignore real human suffering while condemning institutional bureaucracies in solving them. It overdetermines the role of -May lead to more the text and erases the environmental subjectivity and context problems. A of the person who company may want spoke the text into to build factories in being. other countries postmoderns are too because trapped in language environmental laws games. Postmoderns are not as strict as tend to have a let them they are at home. eat text mentality

-Negates the existence of all that doesnt fall within the framework of change and transformation and is not perceivable by sense organ. -Rejects the existence of God or gods or any other entities.

-They seek life before death. They think more about life this side of death how to find it, salvage it, give it meaning and purposemore than they think about life after death. -It will not allow for a bigger government to impose culture rules on everyone.

Poor countries in the Third World may have to cut down more trees so that they can sell wood to richer countries. -Some of the poorest countries in the world, especially in Africa, may get even poorer. Their population is not as educated as in developed countries and they dont have the new technology that developed countries do. A businessman in Great Britain can buy a part of a company in Indonesia on one day and sell parts of another business in China the next.

which robs reformers of any ability for constructive change. What good is a theory which cant change the trajectory of the status quo. It literally takes away the toolbox of reformers of the 60s in creating rights, establishing justice, and creating protections for human dignity.

Example

Liberals demand the legalisation of 'recreational' drugs such as Cannabis, as they believe that individual human beings must have absolute authority over their own bodies,

When someone believes in an idea, he forces everyone to believe it too. If they dont, they will be terminated.

Stresses the priority of the social to the individual

Theory of evolution toward the relation between body and mind.

Schools that are not run by churches, synagogues, or other religious organizations.

Compatibility with Islam

and that no one should have the right to dictate what they do to themselves. Like liberalism, Islam promotes individuals freedom of speech and acts.

Islam does not promote extremism in any of its aspects.

Brief history

the idea came about in the 18th century, promoted by the high Enlightenment as an opposition to absolutism by clerical and monarchal rule. It advocated for a diffusion of power from a privileged elite to the mass of individual

Nobody knows really when did this ideology started. But it might have to do something with religion. This happened when someone believes on something and force people to believe it too.

Making all human societies and groups enter into the international society leading to the emergence of new systems in management. Like Allah said, he creates the human for them to get to know each other. For thousands of years people have been trading goods and travelling across great distances. The modern age of globalization started with the Industrial Revolution at the end of the 18th century. New machines were able to produce cheaper goods.

Islam urges its believers to explore the world and utilize it. Same goes to postmodernism.

Materialist only believes in what the sense organ could reach. But Islam concludes both of the seen and unseen matter.

Islam involves in everything its believers do. Whether eating, reading, politics and everything, Islam has to be there.

GWF Hegel (1770 - 1831), influenced by the German Romantic Movement, recognised that the attempt to build a system from the individual upwards could not work. He understood that the individual would still be an instantiation2 of the social structure, rather than the social structure being merely a conglomeration of individuals - even if the individuals now saw the

Born in England in the Middle Ages when British schoolman Duns Scotus asked whether it was impossible for matter to think. But the real pioneer of English Materialism is Bacon.

The term "secularism" was first used by the British writer George Jacob Holyoake in 1851. Holyoake invented the term "secularism" to describe his views of promoting a social order separate from religion, without actively dismissing or criticizing religious belief.

through rights and freedoms. A large source of this justification came from other ideologies of the Enlightenment that weakened the idea that some men are naturally higher than others, by divine or hereditary right. All the traditional justifications for centralized monarchal and clerical power were effectively dissolved by new ideologies such as liberalism along with republicanism, fraternalism, materialism, naturalism. How these particular ideologies came to prominence is still a volatile study, but largely

Trains and steampowered boats transported products farther and faster.

social structure very differently. From this Hegel could, perhaps, be called the first postmodernist but it would take many years for the social changes implicit in his philosophy to be worked out in the real world. The historian Arnold Toynbee (1889 1975), although not responsible for coining the term, was probably the first person to bring the idea to the attention of the general public in the 1940s.

due to an emphasis of empiricism and reason.