HV DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS

Types of HV Network

Single -end radial fed Ring network Interconnected mesh

Single radial

Single -end radial fed Customer substations are connected to the primary substation. Low supply security because of single point of failure. Long supply restoration time in case of fault

Typical 11kV radial arrangement

V V V

Switch/Isolator
V V V Transformer

V V V V V V V V V

V V V

V V V V V V V V V

V V V

V V V V V V V V V

V V V

V V V V V V V V V

Ring network

Double-end fed with an NO point To provide a higher supply security, the customer substations can be fed from 2 sources. Ringed network with close point Highest possible supply reliability

Typical 11kV RMU open ring arrangement

11kV Main Substation

Transformer Room

Normally Open

Legend Ring Main Unit 11 kV/LVTransformer

Typical 11kV close ring arrangement

Each customer substation has dual supply and a single circuit fault would not case any supply interruption. Feature: Each feeder is protected by either highspeed feeder protection or pilot wire protection with back up overcurrent and eath fault (OCEF) protection equipped in the primary substation.

11kV close ring arrangement

11kV Main Substation
V V V V V V V V V

V V V

V V V

V V V

Transformer Room
V V V V V V V V V

Circuit breaker
V V V V V V Transformer

Interconnected mash
The 11kV interconnecting cables, normal open at one end, is commonly adopted to connect up 2 primary substations. This arrangement, Utilize the spare capacity of the primary substations more effectively Provide mutual backup between 2 primary substations.

Typical interconnected network

3-Class approach on supply security classification

Power transmission from HV (500kV, 400kV or 132kV) to LV (11kV or 380kV) in the network configuration causes the impact of fault becoming smaller in terms of load loss magnitude or no. of affected customers. A different supply security arrangements are adopted to different load group to prevent widespread load loss.

Class 1 security

Criteria: loading group size below 1.5MVA or less than 500 customers Single radial network is applied.

Class 2 security

Criteria: load group of about 3.5MVA. Open ring network with a mutual backup of 2 supply networks

Class 3 security

Criteria: load group up to 21MVA Highest security with daul supply close ring network

Design Standard

What is N-1? N-1 is security standard.

Example: 132kV network

Loss of any single line for transmission component (Circuit or transformer) No interruption

Open ring circuit - Security

Open circuit with N-1

Open ring circuit - Security

Open circuit with N-1

11KV Schematic Diagram -1

11KV Schematic Diagram -2

Primary network