B SC M SC Biotechnology 2010 2011

PANJAB UNIVERSITY CHANDIGARH- 160 014 (INDIA)
(Estted. under the Panjab University Act VII of 1947-enacted by the Govt. of India)
FACULTY OF SCIENCE
SYLLABI FOR B.Sc. (HONOURS) BIOTECHNOLOGY 1st, 2nd & 3rd YEAR EXAMINATIONS 2013
--:O:--
SYLLABUS FOR 3-YEARS DEGREE COURSES IN BIOTECHNOLOGY For the examinations 2013
Year-wise marks distribution for B.Sc (Hons.) course: Ist year 1000 nd 2 year 1000 rd 3 year 1000 ___________________________ Grand Total 3000
w.e.f. the admission 2012 onward Outline of courses for B.Sc. 1st Year (Hons.) Biotechnology Papers Paper I Paper II Subject Code BIOT - 101 BIOT - 102 Subject English Punjabi or History and Culture of Punjab Physics (Basic and Applied) Chemistry Life Sciences or Mathematics Statistics and Computer Fundamentals General Microbiology Cell Biology Theory 50 50 Practicals --Total 50 50 Work load Theory Pract 3 3 --
Paper III Paper IV
BIOT - 103 BIOT - 104 BIOT 105(a) BIOT 105(b) BIOT - 106
100 100 100 100
50 50 50 50
150 150 150 150
6 6 6 6
3 3 -3
*Paper V
Paper VI
Paper VII Paper VIII
BIOT - 107 BIOT - 108
100 100
50 50 Total Marks
150 150 1000
6 6
3 3
*Mathematics for +2 medical students and Life Sciences for +2 non-medical students.
The students of B.A./B.Sc./B.Com. have also to study the subject of Environment and Road Safety Education. This is a compulsory qualifying paper which the students are required to qualify this paper either in the first year, second year and third year of the course. The examination will be conducted by the University.
Outline of courses for B.Sc. 2nd Year (Hons.) Biotechnology Papers Subject Code Subject Theory Practicals Total
Paper I Paper II Paper III BIOT - 201 BIOT - 202 BIOT - 203 Biochemistry Genetics Biophysical and Biochemical Techniques Immunology Plant Tissue Culture and Biotechnology Agro and Industrial Biotechnology Intellectual Property Right and Ethical Issues in Biotechnology Total Marks 100 100 100 50 50 50 150 150 150
Work load Theory Pract. 6 3 6 3 6 3
Paper IV Paper V
BIOT - 204 BIOT - 205
100 100
50 50
150 150
6 6
3 3
Paper VI
BIOT - 206
100 100
50 --
150 100
6 6
3 --
Paper VII BIOT - 207
1000
Outline of courses for B.Sc. 3rd year Hons.) Biotechnology Papers Subject Subject Theor Practica Total Code y ls
Paper I BIOT - 301 Genetic Engineering and recombinant DNA Technology Tools in Bioinformatics Animal Tissue Culture and Biotechnology Genomics and Proteomics Bioprocess Engineering and Technology Food Biotechnology On Job Training 100 50 150
Work load Theory Pract 6 3
Paper II Paper III
BIOT - 302 BIOT - 303
100 100
50 50
150 150
6 6
3 3
Paper IV Paper V
BIOT - 304 BIOT - 305
100 100
50 50
150 150
6 6
3 3
Paper VI Paper VII
BIOT - 306 BIOT - 307
100 100
50 ----
150 100
6 --
3 --
Total Marks 1000
BIOT- 307: On Job Training The job training will be done after completion of B.Sc.2nd year and same will be evaluated in B.Sc.3rd year (BIOT-307) during the session 2012-13.
ENVIRONMENT AND ROAD SAFETY EDUCATION (25 hr. course) UNIT I (ENVIRONMENT) 1. Environment Concept : Introduction, concept of biospherelithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere; Natural resourcestheir need and types; principles and scope of Ecology; concepts of ecosystem, population, community, biotic interactions, biomes, ecological succession. 2. Atmosphere : Parts of atmosphere, components of air; pollution, pollutants, their sources, permissible limits, risks and possible control measures. 3. Hydrosphere : Types of aquatic systems. Major sources (including ground water) and uses of water, problems of the hydrosphere, fresh water shortage; pollution and pollutants of water, permissible limits, risks and possible control measures. 4. Lithosphere : Earth crust, Soila life support system, its texture, types, components, pollution pollutants, reasons of soil erosion and possible control measures.
and
5. Forests : Concept of forests and plantations, types of vegetation and forests, factors governing vegetation, role of trees and forests in environment, various forestry programmes of the Govt. of India, Urban forests, Chipko Andolan. 6. Conservation of Environment : The concepts of conservation and sustainable development, why to conserve, aims and objectives of conservation, policies of conservation; conservation of life support systems soil, water, air, wildlife, forests. 7. Management of Solid Waste : Merits and demerits of different ways of solid waste managementopen, dumping, landfill, incineration, resource reduction, recycling and reuse, vermicomposting and vermiculture, organic farming. 8. Indoor Environment : Pollutants and contaminants of the in-house environment; problems of the environment linked to urban and rural lifestyles; possible adulterants of the food; uses and harms of plastics and polythene; hazardous chemicals, solvents and cosmetics. 9. Global Environmental Issues : Global concern, creation of UNEP; Conventions on climate change, Convention on biodiversity; Stratospheric ozone depletion, dangers associated and possible solutions. 10. Indian Laws on Environment : Indian laws pertaining to Environmental protection : Environment (Protection) Act, 1986; General information about Laws relating to control of air, water and noise pollution. What to do to seek redressal.
11. Biodiversity : What is biodiversity, levels and types of biodiversity, importance of biodiversity, causes of its loss, how to check its loss; Hotspot zones of the world and India, Biodiversity Act, 2002. 12. Noise and Microbial Pollution : Pollution due to noise and microbes and their effects. 13. Human Population and Environment : Population growth and family welfare programme, Human Health, HIV/AIDS, Human rights. 14. Social Issues : Environmental Ethics : Issues and possible solutions, problems related to lifestyle, sustainable development; Consumerisms and waste generation. 15. Local Environmental Issues : Environmental problems in rural and urban areas, Problem of Congress grass & other weeds, problems arising from the use of pesticides and weedicides, smoking etc. Practicals : Depending on the available facility in the college, a visit to Vermicomposting units or any other such non-polluting eco-friendly site or planting/caring of vegetation/trees could be taken. Note : Above 15 topics to be covered in 25 hour lectures in total, with 2 lectures in each topics from 2 to 11 and one each for the topics 1 and 12 to 15.
UNIT II (ROAD SAFETY) 1. Concept and Significance of Road Safety. 2. Role of Traffic Police in Road Safety. 3. Traffic Rules. 4. Traffic Signs. 5. How to obtain Driving License. 6. Traffic Offences, Penalties and Procedures. 7. Common Driving mistakes. 8. Significance of First-aid in Road Safety. 9. Role of Civil Society in Road Safety. 10. Traffic Police-Public Relationship.
Examination Pattern :
Seventy multiple choice questions (with one correct and three incorrect alternatives and no deduction for wrong or un-attempted question). The paper shall have two units: Unit I (Environment) and Unit II (Road Safety). Unit I shall comprise of 50 questions with minimum of 2 questions from each topics 1, and 12 to 15 and minimum of 4 questions from topics 2 to 11. 4
Unit II shall comprise of 20 questions with minimum of 1 question from each topics 1 to 10.
The entire syllabus of Unit I is to be covered in 25 hours and that of Unit II is to be covered in 10 hours.
All questions are to be attempted. Qualifying Marks 33 per cent i.e. 23 marks out of 70. Duration of examination : 90 minutes. The paper setters are requested to set the questions strictly according to the syllabus.
Suggested Readings
1.
The Motor Vehicle Act, 1988 (2010), Universal Law Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
2.
Road Safety Signage and Signs (2011), Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, Government of India.
Websites:
(a) (b) (c) (d)
www.chandigarhpolice.nic.in www.punjabpolice.gov.in www.haryanapolice.gov.in www.hppolice.nic.in
BIOT- 101: English Objectives Max Marks: 50 (45+5)
The objective of teaching English to the science students is to create general awareness among them about literature and its impact on their lives. At the same time, it is expected that the students, on reading this course, shall develop proficiency in reading and writing skills, while acquiring a sensitive and analytical attitude towards literature in particular, and life in general. Note: (i) There will be one paper of 40 marks, 5 marks are reserved for the Internal Assessment and 5 for the Practical Work. Total is 50. (ii) The paper shall consist of Two Units. Unit I will be text specific and Unit II shall deal with different aspects of communications and language learning skills.
(iii) For Unit I, the prescribed text is Varieties of Expression, Ed. A. H. Tak, Foundation Books, which shall replace the existing text Patterns in Prose by Jagdish Chander, P.U., Chandigarh. It may be pointed out here that only certain sections of this text i.e prose and drama are prescribed. Poetry has been deleted completely. Only four prose and four plays have been recommended for the study. The relevant sections, however, are as follows:
UNIT-I Prose: I. The Judgement Seat of Vikramaditya, Sister Nivedita II Engine Trouble, R. K. Narayan III The Conjurers Revenge, Stephen Leacock IV J. C. Bose, Aldous Huxley Drama: V The Rising of the Moon, Lady Gregory VI Waterloo, Arthur Conan Doyle VII The Proposal, Anton Chekhov VII Riders to the Sea, J. M. Synge UNIT-II (iv) No text book is recommended for Unit II, but a few books that may be used for this Unit are listed towards the end Unit II shall consist of the following: Communication: It shall focus on different aspects of communication, types of communication, and significance of positive attitude in improving communication. Writing Skills: This section shall focus on prcis-writing, letters of all kinds; curriculum vitae, short, formal reports (no exceeding 200 words). Modern Forms of Communication: Here special emphasis shall be given to teaching the format of e-mails, fax messages, audio-visual aids and power-point presentations. Apart from 6
this, the students shall also be given basic lessons in effective listening, non-verbal communication, how to prepare for an interview and group discussion etc. Project work:Teacher should assign some project or practical work to the students. This should be in the nature of guided activity, which the students shall have to complete under the direct supervision of the teacher. The students may be given projects on a variety of subjects relating to their discipline i.e. science in general or a specific area of science they are specializing in. Preferably, they should be given minor projects (to be completed within less than two weeks, and length not exceeding 10 pages) in consultation with teachers of science. However, the evaluation of the projects should be done only by the Language Teachers, who must keep all the basic criteria of good writing in mind while doing so. (Note: In case of private candidates and students of School of Open Learning, the marks obtained by them out of 40 will be proportionately increased out of 50). Testing Scheme: The examination paper shall be divided into two units, corresponding to two units already proposed in the syllabus. The distribution of questions and marks in Unit I shall be as follows: Unit I (It is text-based and corresponds to unit I in the syllabus) Q1. It shall consist of five short questions (not exceeding 50-60 words) out of which a student will be expected to attempt any three. This question shall be based upon the prescribed text Varieties of Expression and cover a wide range of issues, topics and problems. It shall consist of 6 marks. Q2. It shall consist of two long questions (not exceeding 100-150 words) out of which a student will be expected to attempt only one. This question shall have internal choice, be based upon the prescribed text Varieties of Expression. This shall carry 5 marks. Note: The question 1 & 2 should be so designed as to cover all the chapters prescribed (Prose & Drama). Q3. It shall consist of an Unseen Passage for Comprehension (not more than 400 words), with minimum three questions at the end. These questions should be designed in such a way that we are able to test a students comprehension ability, language/presentation skills and vocabulary etc. This question shall be of 6 marks. Q.4. It shall exclusively be a test of vocabulary, but designed strictly on the lines of various exercises given at the end of each chapter in the prescribed text. The candidate shall be given six words in one column and asked to match them with words/meanings in the next column, This shall carry 3 marks. Unit II (Based upon Unit II) Q.5 The students shall be asked to write a short survey report on a situation, incident, problem of science or the possibility of starting a new scientific venture (in about 150-200 words). The students shall be given an internal choice in this question. This question shall carry 5 marks.
Q.6. This question shall test a students ability to write letters of various kinds (not more than 200 words). Again, there will be internal choice here and the question will be of 5 marks. Q.7 There will test a students ability to write a Prcis, A passage of about 200 words shall be given and the students shall have to write a prcis of about 70 words (including the title). This question shall carry 5 marks. Q.8 Two short questions out of four to be attempted form modern forms of communication 5 marks. Suggested Reading: 1. 2. Business Communication, Ed. Om. P. Juneja & Aarti Mujumdar, Hyderabad: Orient Blackswan, 2010. Textbook of Business Communication, Anjali Kalkasr, R.B. Suryawanshi, Amlanjyoti Sengupta, Hyderabad: Orient Blackswan., 2010. BIOT- 102: Punjabi e[b nzeL 50 ;wKL 3 xzN/ Objective: Punjabi being the regional language it is necessary for jobs in Punjab Government and therefore it has to be included in the curriculum. The student who are from non- Punjab speaking states i.e. who cannot speak Punjabi, it is necessary to make them aware of the History and Culture of Punjab. gkmeqw
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PAPER 2 : HISTORY AND CULTURE OF PUNJAB
Theory Internal Assessment Total Time One Paper General Instructions : 1. 2. In all, nine questions will be set. Each question will carry 9 marks.
: : : :
45 marks 5 marks 50 marks 3 hours
First question shall be Short Answer type containing 15 short questions spread over the whole syllabus. Candidates will attempt nine questions out of the fifteen questions in about 25 to 30 words each. Each short question will carry 1 mark, totalling 91=9 marks. The first question is compulsory. Rest of the paper shall contain 4 units. Each unit shall have two essay type questions and the candidate shall attempt one question from each unit 4 in all. For private candidates, who have not been assessed earlier for internal assessment, the marks secured by them in theory paper will proportionately be increased to maximum marks of the paper in lieu of internal assessment. The paper setter must put note (4) in the question paper.
3. 4.
HISTORY CULTURE OF PUNJAB 1200-1849 A. D.
Objective: Punjabi being the regional language it is necessary for jobs in Punjab Government and therefore it has to be included in the curriculum. The student who are from non- Punjab speaking states i.e. who cannot speak Punjabi, it is necessary to make them aware of the History and Culture of Punjab.
UNIT-I 1. 2. 3. Society in the Punjab during the Afghan rule. The Punjab under the Great Mughals. Salient features of the Bhakti movement and Sufism in the Punjab.
UNIT-II 4. 5. 6. Guru Nanak : His teachings; concept of Langar and Sangat. Development of Sikhism (1539-1581) : Contributions of Guru Angad Dev, Guru Amar Das and Guru Ram Das for the development of Sikhism. Transformation of Sikhism : Compilation of Adi-Granth; martyrdom of Guru Arjan Dev; Guru Hargobinds New Policy. UNIT-III 7. 8. 9. Martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur; foundation of the Khalsa by Guru Gobind Singh. Banda Bahadur and his achievements; Sikh Struggle for sovereignty from 1716 to 1765; role of Dal Khalsa, Rakhi, Gurmata and Misls. Ranjit Singhs rise to power; civil and military administrations; relations with the British. UNIT-IV 10. 11. 12. Social change with special reference to the position of women. New developments in language, literature, architecture in the Punjab during the Medieval Period. Famous Folk tales of Medieval Punjab. Suggested Readings : 1. Singh, Kirpal, History and Culture of the Punjab, Part-II (Medieval Period), Publication Bureau, Punjabi University, Patiala, 1990 (3rd edn.). N.B. The required detail and depth would conform to the treatment of the subject in the above survey. (This book will also form the basis of the short answer questions).
2. 3. 4. 5.
Grewal, J.S., The Sikhs of the Punjab, The New Cambridge University History of India, Orient Longman, Hyderabad, 1990. Singh, Khushwant, A History of the Sikhs, Vol. I : 1469-1839, Oxford University Press, Delhi, 1991. Singh, Fauja (ed.), History of the Punjab, Vol. III, Punjabi University, Patiala, 1972. Chopra, P.N.; Puri, B.N.; and Das, M.N., A Social, Cultural & Economic History of India, Vol. II, Macmillan, Delhi, 1947.
Note :-
The following categories of the students shall be entitled to take the option of History & Culture of Punjab in lieu of Punjabi as compulsory subject : (a) (b) (c) The students who have not studied Punjabi upto class 10th. Wards of/and Defence Personnel and Central Government employee/employees who are transferable on all India basis. Foreigners.
BIOT- 103: Physics (Basic and Applied) 10
Theory Int. assessment Total Time
: 90 marks : 10 marks : 100 marks : 3 hours
Instructions for paper setters and candidates Set nine questions in all. All questions carry equal marks. Five questions to be attempted. Question number one will be compulsory having 7-10 short answer types covering the whole syllabus (Not objective type and no short notes). Set two questions from each Unit, and each question should be further divided in two to three parts. Any one question to be attempted from each unit.
Objective: Physics is one of the important basic sciences and Biotechnology is based upon these. Introduction to basic course of Physics will enhance the grasping of subject. UNIT I ( MECHANICS ) Science, Physics and Life Sciences- An introduction to apparent differences and the underlying overlap (atomic nature of matter). Units of measurement and ranges (from the smallest to the largest known) for different physical quantities viz. mass, length, time, current, temperature, luminosity, etc. with suitable examples from bio/physical sciences. Basics of vector algebra, definition of gradient, divergence and curl. Central forces, equation of motion under central forces, elastic collision (one dimensional), coefficient of restitution, mass - energy equivalence. UNIT II ( ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM ) Coulombs law for point charges; electric field due to point charge and electric dipole (on axial line and equaror line), electric flux; Gausss theorem and its applications (line of charge and sheet of charge). Electric potential due to point charge, group of charges and dipole ( on axial line and equatorial line ), potential difference as line integral of electric field, capacitance; series and parallel arrangements, energy stored in the electric field of capacitor, current, currant density, equation of continuity, Ohms law in vector form. Biot- Savart law and its applications for circular current carrying coil (at centre and on the axis), Ampere - Circuital law and its application for solenoid and straight conductor carrying current, magnetic permeability and magnetic susceptibility, magnetic materials (ferromagnetism paramagnetic and diamagnetism) and their properties. UNIT - III 11
( OPTICS ) Interference of waves, phase and path differences, theory of interference fringes, Youngs experiment, coherent sources, Llyods mirror, Fresnel Biprism, intensities of maxima and minima. Diffraction of light, rectilinear propagation, Fresnel and Fraunhofer diffraction, Fraunhofer diffraction at single slit, Rayleigh criterion for resolving power, Resolving power of telescope and microscope, Compound Microscope ( Principle, construction, ray diagram, formula for magnifying power), fluorescent microscope(concept only). Polarisation, introduction, polarization by reflection and refraction, Brewesters law, Mallus law, double retraction, Nicol Prism and its use, optical activity, specific rotation, Half-shade polarimeter. Brief features of laser and its applications in Biology ; optical fibres and its applications. UNIT IV ( MODERN PHYSICS ) Quantum theory of light, X-rays diffraction, Compton effect, Braggs law, de Broglie wave equation, phase velocity and group velocity, electron microscope, Uncertainty Principle (statement only), applications of Uncertainty Principle ( particle in a box, existence of electron in Nucleus and atom ). Radioactivity and its laws ; half life and mean life, uses of radioactivity.
Books recommended :
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. H.S. Hans & S.P. Puri : Mechanics (Tata Mcgraw Hill 1984) Electricity and Magnetism : Berkeley physics course vol. II. Ajoy Ghatak : Optics (Tata Mcgraw Hill 2004) Jenkins & White : Fundamental of optics (Tata Mcgraw Hill 1991) D.P. Khandelwal : Text book of optics and atomic physics (Himalaya Pub. 2005) 6. Arthur Beiser : Modern Physics (Tata Mcgraw Hill 1981)
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BIOT- 103: Physics (Basic and Applied) (Practical)

Practical Exam : 45 marks Int. assessment : 05 marks Total Marks : 50 marks Time Allowed : 3 hours
1.
Introduction and practice the concepts of proper measurement, data recording, and data presentation; stress to be laid on use of proper units, least count, error & its propagation, graph plotting & least square fitting. (Simple measuring devices available in the lab may be used to create basic data). Youngs modulus by bending beam method. Resolving power of Telescope/Microscope. Rotation of the plane of polarization of a solution using a Polarimeter. Laser interference & diffraction. Use of C.R.O. as a display & measuring device. Using compound pendulum measure time period as a function of distance of centre of suspension from centre of mass, plot relevant graphs and determine radius of gyration and acceleration due to gravity. To study the magnetic field produced by a current carrying solenoid using a search coil and calculate permeability of air. Capacitance by flashing and quenching of a neon lamp. Use of CRO for Lissajous figures.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
8. 9. 10.
Books recommended :
1. Laboratory Manual of Physics for Undergraduate classes by D. P. Khandelwal 2. B.Sc. Physics Practicals by C. L. Arora
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BIOT 104: Chemistry

Theory : 90 marks Int. Assessment : 10 marks Total : 100marks Time : 3 hours
Objective: Without chemical reactions, biological systems can not work. So understanding the concepts of basic chemistry inorganic, organic and various laws and their applications in Biotechnology is important. UNIT I Ia) Quantum Chemistry: Quantization of radiation energy, wave particle duality and uncertainty principle. Schrodinger wave equation (SWE), physical interpretation of wave function, quantization, solution of SWE for particle in one dimension box, quantum numbers, radial and angular probability distribution of electrons. Chemical bonding: Elementary treatment of valence bond theory and molecular orbital theory. Ionic bonding, multiple bonds, multi-center bonds, metallic bonding. hydrogen bonding and its significance. Periodic properties: Position of elements in the periodic table, effective nuclear charge and its calculation, atomic and ionic radii, ionization energy, electron affinity, electronegativity. Trends in periodic table and application in predicting and explaining the chemical behavior. Molecular Spectroscopy: Difference between atomic and molecular spectroscopy, absorption and emission spectroscopy, regions of electromagnetic spectrum. Infrared and Raman spectra, basic principle and information from Infrared and Raman spectra. Principle of NMR, chemical shift values and its applications. Importance of mass spectroscopy in chemistry and biology UNIT II Solutions: Ideal and non- ideal solutions, method of expression concentrations of solution, activity and activity coefficients, dilute solution, Osmotic pressure, its law and measurements, Elevation of boiling point and depression of freezing points.
b)
c)
d)
IIa)
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b)
Chemical kinetics: Scope, rate of reaction, influencing factors such as concentration, temperature, pressure, solvent etc. theories of chemical kinetics. Arrhenius equation, concept of activation energy. Molecular velocities: Root mean, average and most probable velocities, qualitative discussion of Maxwells distribution of molecular velocities, collision number, mean free path. Electrochemical Cells: Electrode potential, electromotive force (EMF). Reversible and irreversible cells, measurement of EMF of a cell. Nernst equation. Reference electrodes and other electrodes, standard electrode potential. Activity and activity coefficient determination from EMF results. Applications. UNIT III Chemical equilibrium: The nature of Chemical Equilibrium, The equilibrium constant, External effect on equilibria- concentration and temperature effects, Equilibria in non-ideal situations, calculation with equilibrium constant. Catalysis: Homogeneous Catalysis acid base catalysis, enzyme catalysis (Michaelis-Menten equation). Heterogeneous catalysis. Unimolecular surface reactions. Photochemistry: Absorption of light, Lambert-Beer Law, Photochemical principles: Stark-Einstein Law of Photochemical equivalence, Quantum yield of a photochemical reaction (with example). Fluorescence and Phosphorescence. Coordination compounds: Introduction, Weners coordination theory, naming of coordination compounds, isomerism and stereochemistry in coordination compounds UNIT IV
c)
d)
IIIa)
b)
c)
d)
IVa)
Fundamentals: inductive effect electromeric effect, resonance, hyperconjugation, types of reagents, electrophiles and nucleophiles, types of organic Reaction intermediates, carbocations, free radicals, carbenes (with example). Nomenclature and classification of Alkyl halide, method of formation, chemical reaction, mechanisms and stereochemistry of nucleophillic substitution reaction of Alkyl halides, SN2, and SN1 reaction with energy diagram. Alcohols and Phenols: Mechanism of dehydration, acidity, Fries rearrangement, Mechanism of Kolbes reaction, Reimer Teimann reaction and mechanism. Aldehydes and ketones:Common methods of preparation and reactivity. Ketoenol tautomerism, aldol condensation, Cannizaros reaction. The Wittigs reaction, Perkins reaction.
b)
c)
15
d)
Carboxylic Acids and derivatives: Structure of carboxylic acids and derivatives. Acidity of carboxylic acids, effects of substitution on acidic strengths, chemical properties of carboxylic acids. HVZ reaction with mechanism. Relative stability and reactivity and reactivity of acid chloride, esters, anhydrides, amides, mechanism of esterification.
Reference Books: 1. Bruce H Mahan (1987). University Chemistry Edition 3rd (Narosa Publishers). 2. R. T. Morrison, R. N. Boyd (2001). Organic Chemistry (Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd). 3. J.D Lee. (2008). Concise Inorganic Chemistry, (Wiley-India). 4. B. R. Puri, L. R. Sharma. (1989). Principles of inorganic chemistry (Shoban Lal Nagin Chand and Co). 5. Walter J Moore (1986). Basic physical chemistry (Prentice Hall of India). BIOT- 104: Chemistry (Practicals)
Practical Int. Assessment Total Time : 45 marks : 05 Marks : 50marks : 3 hours
Inorganic qualitative analysis Four ions including interfering ions. Iodimetry and Iodometry Redox titrations using cericsulphate, potassium dichromate and potassium permanganate Comlexometric titration using EDTA of Ca++, Mg++ and Zn++ Analysis of a given organic compound (solid): Elemental Analysis, Detection of Functional groups and melting point. The functional groups are acids, phenols, amines, carbohydrates, thiourea etc. Reference Books: 1. 2. 3. 4. L. Saland (1989). Practical chemistry labs: A resource manual (Walch Education). J. Leonard, B. Lygo, G. Procter (1998). Advanced practical organic chemistry. (CRC publications). P. Kelter, M. Mosher, A. Scott (2008). Chemistry: The practical science (Publisher Houghton Mifflin). G. Svehla (1996). Vogels quantitative inorganic analysis (Prentice Hall).
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BIOT- 105(a) : Life Sciences

heory : 90 marks Int. Assessment : 10 marks Total : 100 marks Time : 3 hours
Objective: This paper includes basic introduction to life especially taking into consideration, cell as basic unit of life its evolution and specialization with respect to higher organisms, their systems and their mechanism of interactions. UNIT I General Biology: The nature of life, definition of life, characteristics of life, differences between animals and plants, principal divisions in biology, importance of biology. Introduction to various systems in human body: Digestive system, respiratory system, circulatory system, endocrine system, reproductive system. UNIT II Basics of cell biology: Definition of cell- fundamental cell types, difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell types, cell structure cell wall, plasma membrane. Different organelles and their functions. Cell division, cell cycle and its regulation. Basic of genetics and evolution: Mendels work and experiments, gene bearer of heredity character, chemical basis of heredity. Chromosome structure, alterations in structure, human karyotype, UNIT III Diversity of life: Origin of life, evidences of evolution from plant and animal kingdom, modern concept in Evolution. Varity of living organisms; Systematic; need, history and types of classifications (artificial, natural, phylogenetic); biosystematics; binomial nomenclature; Two kingdom system, Five kingdom system, their merits and demerits; zoological parks and museums. Salient features of non-chordates up to phylum level and chordates (up to class level).
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UNIT IV Biology in human welfare Population, environment and development; Population growth and factor(fatality, mortality, immigration, emigration, age and sex ratio); impact of population growth; reproductive health; common problems of adolescence (drugs, alcohol and tobacco);social and moral implication; mental and addictive disorder; Risks of indiscriminate use of drugs and antibiotics; population as a resource. Brief account of some common animal diseases; biopesticides; genetically modified food; bio-war, biopiracy; biopatent; and sustainable agriculture. AIDS, STD, cancer (types, causes, diagnosis, treatment) Basic concepts of ECG, EEG, CT scan, MRI and ultrasound.
Reference Books: 1. D. Grierson & S.N. Covey (1988). Plant molecular biology (Blackie Academic & Professional). 2. H.F. Lodish, A. Berk, C.A. Kaiser (2008).Molecular cell (W.H. Freeman). 3. D. Enger, F.C. Ross, D.B. Bailey (2008). Concepts in biology (McGrawHill). 4. Neil A. Campbell (2008). Biology: concepts & connections (Pearson Benjamin Cummings). BIOT- 105(a) : Life Sciences (Practical Course)
Practical : 45 marks Int. assessment : 05 marks Total : 50marks Time : 3 hours
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
7.
8.
To study cell structure from onion leaf peels. To study various stages of mitosis and meiosis. To study ultra structure of cell organelles through photographs. To study digestive, Respiratory, Circulatory, Endocrine and Reproductive system of Human body through charts/ model. To study Chromosome structure though charts/slides. Study of the slides/specimens and identification with reasons Bacteria, oscillatoria, Spirogyra, Rhizopus, Mushroom, yeast, liverwort, moss, fern, lichen, one monocotyledon and one dictyledon. Study of the slides/specimens and identification with reasons Amoeba, Hydra, Tapeworm, Roundworm, Earthworm, Cockroach, Pila, Starfish, Shark Labeo, Frog, Lizard, Pigeon and Rabbit. To study the symptom and pathogen of the following diseases: Malaia, Tetanus, Polio, Taeniasis, Ascariasis, AIDS and STD.
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BIOT- 105: (b) Mathematics

Theory Int. Assessment Total Time : 90 marks : 10 marks : 100 marks : 3 hours
Objective: Basic principles of mathematics are required for data analysis. And statistical verifications of various results in biotechnology so without understanding calculations, differentiation integration are required for this curriculum. UNIT I Numbers Different kinds of numbers, integer, rational and irrational, surds and their properties, Fractional indices. Complex numbers, conjugate, modulus and argument of a complex number. Set, relation and function Set, product sets, relations, functions (polynomials, trignometric, exponential ), graphical representation of functions Limit Sequences, limits of sequences, series, limits of functions UNIT II Elementary mathematical logic. Elementary trigonometry, addition subtraction, A-B, C-D formulas. Concept of A.P, G.P., natural numbers, elementary computing binary system Binomial Theorem Expanding (x+y)n, Bionomial coefficients, Binomial theorem UNIT III Matrices and vectors Matrix algebra, determinants, applications vector in space, Calculus Differentiation: Calculating gradients of chords first and higher order derivatives. Applications increasing and decreasing functions, maximum and minimum points, Derivatives as rates of change.
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Integration Finding a function from its derivative, definite integral, indefinite integral, calculating areas for bounded regions. Differential Equations Forming differential equations solving first order differential equation and second order differential equation with constant co-efficients, growth equation, applications. UNIT IV Linear Programming Elementary statistics Representation of Data: Discrete data, continuous data, histogram, polygons, frequency curves The Mean, variability of data-The standard deviation Median, quintiles, percentile Skewness Reference Books: 1. Arya J.C, Lardner R.W (1990). Mathematics for the biological sciences (Prentice Hall. International, New Delhi). 2. Mathematics: Text book for class XI & XII (2006) (National Council of Education Research and Training, New Delhi). BIOT- 105: (b) Mathematics (Practicals)
Practical : 45 Marks Int. Assessment : 05 Marks Total : 50 Marks Time : 3 hours
1. 2. 3. 4.
5. 6. 7.
8. 9. 10. 11.
Computation of mean, variance and standard deviation using given (preferably biological) data (2 to 3 practicals). Sets (Venn-Diagram, Union, Intersection, Difference of sets, Symmetric Difference of sets, Complement of sets) (2 practicals). Relations (graphical representation of relation from set A to set B or set A to set A) (1 practical). Functions (Graph of standard functions, modulus, greatest, integer, exponential, logex, signum, sin, cos, tan, cot, sec, cosec,) (2 to 3 practicals). Increasing and Decreasing (Polynomial functions) wavy curve method (2 practicals). Plotting of irrational number 2, 3, 5 etc. on numbe line (1 practical). Curve tracing (using Maxima and minima, symmetry along X-axis, Yaxis, Y=X, Y=X, point of intersection with X-axis and Y-axis, f(x), f ( x) (3 to 4 practical). Histogram, frequency polygon, ogives, pie chart, bar diagrams (2 to 3 practical). Aragand plane (Plotting of complex numbers) (1 practical). Binary to Decimal, Decimal to Binary, Binary addition, subtraction, multiplication (2 to 3 practical). Solving linear programming problem using graphical methods (2 practical). 20
BIOT- 106: Statistics and Computer Fundamentals

Theory Int. Assessment Total Time : 90 Marks : 10 Marks : 100 Marks : 3 hours
Instructions for paper setters and candidates Set nine questions in all. All questions carry equal marks. Five questions to be attempted. Question number one will be compulsory having 7-10 short answer types covering the whole syllabus (Not objective type and no short notes). Set two questions from each Unit, and each question should be further divided in two to three parts. Any one question to be attempted from each unit. Statistical Methods (Unit-1 & Unit-II)
Objective: All the data generated in biological sciences needs statistical verification to prove its significance so computer aided analysis of the same is need of the hour. Therefore knowledge of computer in 1st year is important. UNIT I 1. An introduction, types of data, collection, classification and tabulation of the primary data, secondary data, discrete data and continuous data, deagammatic and graphical representation of grouped data, frequency distribution {univariate and bivariate}, cumulative frequency distribution and their graphical representation, histogram frequency polygon. 2. Concept of central tendency or location and their measures, partition values: quantiles, deciles and percentiles, dispersion and their measures, relative dispersion. 3. Moments (single and double variables) and their relationships, Karl Pearsons, Beta & Gamma coefficients, Charliers checks and Sheppards correction for moments for grouped data (without derivation), skew ness & kurtosis and their measures. UNIT II 4. Mathematical expectation (single and bivariate), expectation of sum of random variables, variance and covariance, moment generating and cumulate generating function. 5. Binomial distribution, Poisson distribution as a limiting form of binomial distribution and properties of these distributions, moments, moment generation function, cumulate generating function, geometric distribution and exponential distribution and properties of these distributions. Normal distribution Correlation and regression analysis Hypothesis testing Markov models Cluster analysis
Nearest neighbour search
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Search using stem numbers Search using text signature
6. Probability. 7. Statistical packages. Computer Fundamental (Unit-III & IV) UNIT III Computers: General introduction to computers, organization to computers, digital and analogue computers, computers algorithms. Introduction to computers and its uses: Milestones in hardware and software-batch oriented/online/real time applications. Compute as systems: Basic concepts, stored programs, functional units and their interrelation- communication with computer. UNIT IV Data storage devices: Primary storage: Storage addressed and capacity, type of memory. Secondary storage devices: Magnetic tape-data representation and R/W; Magnetic disks, fixed and removable, data representation and R/W; Floppy and hard disks, optical disks CD-Rom, mass storage devices. Input/output devices: Key-tape/diskette devices, light pin Mouse, joystick, source data automation. printed outputs: Serial, line, page, printers, plotters, voice response units. Reference Books: 1. P.N. Arora & P.K. Malhotra (1996). Biostatistics (Himalaya Publishing House, Mumbai). 2. Sokal & Rohlf(1973). Introduction to biostatistics (Toppan Co. Japan). 3. W.J. Evens, G.R. Grant (2005). Statistical methods in bioinformatics: An introduction (Springer). 4. P.K. Sinha (2004). Computer fundamentals (BPB). 5. Suresh K. Basandra (2008). Computers today (Galgotia Publications Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi). BIOT-106: Statistics and Computer Fundamentals (Practicals)
Practical Int. Assessment Total Time : 45 marks : 05 marks : 50marks : 3 hours
1. Presentation of data by frequency tables, diagrams and graphs. 2. Calculation of measures of central tendencies. 3. Calculation of measures of skewness and Kurtosis. 4. Calculation of dispersion. 5. Fitting of binomial distribution. 6. Fitting of Poisson distribution. 7. Probability. 8. Bivariate frequency table. 9. Basics of computer. 10. Basic commands-File creation, copying, moving and deleting in Linux & Windows. 11.Using e-mail, browsers, search engines. 22
Reference Books: 1. W.J. Evens, G.R. Grant (2005). Statistical methods in bioinformatics: An introduction (Springer). 2. P.K. Sinha (2004). Computer fundamentals (BPB). 3. Suresh K. Basandra (2008). Computers today (Galgotia Publications Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi).
BIOT- 107: General Microbiology

Theory : 90 marks Int. Assessment : 10 marks Total : 100marks Time : 3 hours
Objective: Microbes are playing significant role in understanding medical science and industries so study of microbes from basic to advance level, with understanding of biochemistry, cell structure and application makes this paper significant. UNIT I History of Microbiology: A. Leewenhook, L. Pasteur, R. Koch, J. Lister, J. Tyndall. Biogenesis vs abiogenesis, Koch postulates, discovery of antibiotics. Principle of microscopy: Bright field, dark field, phase contrast, fluroscent, electron microscopy. UNIT II Microbial classification: Bacteria, fungi and algae. Morphology of bacteria, viruses and fungi with major emphasis on bacterial structure specially cell wall. Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Microbial spores, sporulation/ germination process. UNIT III Microbial growth, nutritional biodiversity, phases of growth, generation time, growth rate, monoauxic, diauxic and synchronous growth. Chemostat Microbes in extreme environment like high temperature and high/ low pH values Physical and chemical agents to kill microbes, sterilization and pasteurization processes.
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UNIT IV Normal micro flora in human/ animals. Types of microbial pathogens and diseases caused by them. Microbial interactions like symbiosis and antibiosis etc. Host defense mechanism against pathogens. Nitrogen fixing microbes in agriculture. Photosynthesis Fermentation and its products Production of heterologous proteins in microbes. Reference Books: 1. Tortora, G.J., Funke, B.R. and Case, C.L. (2009) Microbiology: An introduction (Benjamin/ Cummings publishing company, Inc). 2. R. Y. Stanier, M. Doudoroff, E. A. Adelberg (1999). General microbiology (MacMillian Press London). 3. M.J. Pelczar, E.C. Sun Chan, N.R. Krieg (1986). Microbiology (Tata McGraw Hill Publication, New Delhi). 4. H.G. Schlegel, C.Zaborosch, M. Kogut (1993). General microbiology (Cambridge University Press). 5. S.C. Prescott, C.G. Dunn (1959). Industrial microbiology (McGraw- Hill). 6. Purohit, S.S. (2003). Microbiology: Fundamentals and applications (Agrobios, India) 7. Postgate, J.R. (2000). Microbes and man (Cambridge University Press). BIOT: 107: General Microbiology (Practicals)
Practical Int. Assessment Total Time : 45 marks : 05 marks : 50marks : 3 hours
1. 2.
Aseptic techniques. Cleaning of glass wares, preparation of media, cotton plugging and sterilization. 3. Personal hygiene- microbes from hands, tooth-scums and other body parts. 4. Isolation of microorganisms from air, water and soil samples. 5. Dilution and pour plating techniques. 6. Enumeration of microorganisms total vs viable counts. 7. Identification of isolated bacteria. 8. Gram staining, other staining methods, metabolic characterization (e.g. Im VIC) tests. 9. Growth curve of microorganisms. 10. Antibiotics sensitivity of microbes using antibiotic discs. 11. Testing of water quality. 12. Alcoholic and mixed acid fermentation.
Reference Books: 1. Cappuccino J.G., Sherman N. (2007). Microbiology: A laboratory manual, (Pearson Benjamin Cummings).
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BIOT- 108: Cell Biology

Theory : 90 marks Int.Assessment : 10 marks Total : 100marks Time : 3 hours
Objective: Cell constitutes basic unit of life and regulates all processes within the unicellular and multicelluler organisms; its dependent upon diverse variety of organelle and inclusions along with physical chemical processes that determines the efficiency of organisms. This paper will make students aware with cell in detail and its physiology including various pathways for energy production and utilization in true sense the nature of bioenergetics. UNIT I Cell as a basic unit of life. The cell theory. Broad classification of cell types: Prokaryotic cells (PPLO & bacteria) and eukaryotic cells (plant and animal). Structure and function of cell organelles: Ultra structure of cell membrane , cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi bodies, ribosomes, mitochondria , chloroplast, lysosomes, peroxisomes, cytoskeletal system, (actin and microtubules), cilia, flagella and nucleus. UNIT II Cell division and Cell cycle (amitosis, mitosis, meiosis, stages of cell cycle) Level of organization (cell, tissue, organ and organisms). Cell differentiation in multicellular organisms: Totipotent, pleuripotent, multipotent. Cell senescence and death: Apoptosis and necrosis. UNIT III Water: Physico chemical properties of water, dissociation and association constants. pH and buffers, pI, pka, Hasselberg Handerson equation and its implications. Carbohydrates: Structure of important mono, di-, oligo- and polysaccharides, glycoproteins, peptidoglycan, glycolipids and lipopolysaccharides. Reaction of monosaccharides. Lipids: Classification of lipids and fatty acids, general functions of major lipid subclasses, acyglycerols, phosphoglycerols, phosphoglycerides, sphingolipids, glycosphingolipids and terpenes, sterols, steroids: Prostaglandins.
UNIT IV
Vitamins and hormones: Types of vitamins and their chemistry, vitamins as cofactors, steroids and peptide hormones. 25
Proteins: Structure of amino acids, nonprotein and rare amino acids and their chemical reactions. Structural organization of proteins (primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary domain structure), protein classification and function. Forces stabilizing primary, secondary and tertiary structure. Reference Books: 1. Lehninger A.L., Nelson D.L. and Cox M.M. (2005). Principles of biochemistry (W. H. Freeman, USA). 2. Stryer L, J. M. Berg, J.L. Tymoczko (2001). Biochemistry (W.H. Freeman and Company, New York). 3. Rawn J.D. (1989). Biochemistry (Neil Patterson Publishers). 4. G.L. Zubay, W.W. Parson, D.E. Vance. (1995). Principles of biochemistry:Student study art notebook (Wm.C. Brown). 5. Bucke C. (1999). Carbohydrate biotechnology protocols (Humana Press). 6. H.R. Horton, A.J. Scism, L.A. Moran, R.S. Ochs, J.D Rawn, K.G. Scrimgeour. (2006). Principles of biochemistry (Prentice Hall). 7. Gerald Karp (2009). Cell and molecular biology: Concepts and experiments (John Wiley & Sons International Edition). 8. B. Alberts. (2007). Molecular biology of the cell (Garland Science). 9. W. M. Becker, L. J. Kleinsmith, J. Hardin, G. P. Bertoni (2009). The world of the cell (Pearson Pearson/Benjamin Cummings). 10.H. F. Lodish, A. Berk, C.A. Kaiser (2007). Molecular cell biology (W.H. Freeman). BIOT- 108: Cell Biology (Practical)
Preparation of physiological buffers. Verification of Beer-Lamberts law for p-nitrophenol. Determination pKa value of p-nitrophenol. Estimation of carbohydrates in given solution by Anthrone method. The determination of acid value & saponifaction value of a fat. Separation of lipids by thin layer chromatography. Methods of protein estimation. To study the parts of light compound microscope and their working. To study the prokaryotic cells: (Lactobacillus, E. Coli, Blue green algae), eukaryotic cells (amoeba, fungi, algae) and various tissues (liver, lung kidney, testis, ovary and skin) from permanent/temporary slides. 9. Microtomy: Introduction of the instrument, its use, care, section cutting. 10. Cytochemical techniques to study carbohydrates and lipids. 11. To study mitosis from (root tips of onion/ garlic) and meiosis from grasshopper. Reference Books: 1. Celis, J.E. (2006). Cell Biology: A laboratory handbook Vol 1, 2, 3 (Academic Press, UK). 26 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
B.Sc. (Biotechnology) Part-II

BIOT- 201: Biochemistry
Theory : 90 marks Int. assessment : 10 marks Total : 100 marks Time : 3 hours
Objective: To familiarize the students with the biochemical activities taking place at cellular level, highlighting the enzymatic reactions, metabolic pathways and biochemical aspect of genetics. Unit- I Enzymes: Classification, nomenclature, general properties, regulation of enzyme activity, steady state kinetics, first order and second order kinetics, covalent modifications, inhibitors, abzymes, ribozymes, immoblizaion of enzymes. Unit II Metabolism: Metabolic pathways, biochemical reaction mechanism, energy rich metabolites. Carbohydrate metabolism: Biosynthesis and degradation of carbohydrates; feed pathways for glycolysis; Krebs cycle, enzymes of Krebs cycle, amphibolic nature of the Krebs cycle; regulation of Krebs cycle regulation of carbohydrate metabolism. Mitochondrial electron transport chain, oxidative phosphorylation; regulation of ATP synthesis. Unit III Lipid Metabolism: Biosynthesis and degradation of fatty acids; metabolism of triacyl glycerols; cholesterol metabolism, complex lipids. Nitrogen metabolism: Reduction and assimilation of atmospheric nitrogen, biosynthesis and degradation of amino acids; amino acids as precursors of heme; biogenic amines; biosynthesis and degradation of nucleic acids. Unit IV Replication: In prokaryotes and eukaryotes (initiation, elongation and termination). Transcription: Initiation, elongation and termination during synthesis; transcription signals; processing of RNA. Translation: Initiation, elongation and termination of protein synthesis (both prokaryotic and eukaryotic), post translation modification in proteins, inhibitors of protein synthesis. Gene expression in prokaryotes: Lac & Tryp operons. 27
Reference Books: 1. Lehninger A.L., Nelson D.L., Cox M.M. (2005). Principles of biochemistry (W. H. Freeman, USA). 2. Stryer L, J. M. Berg, J.L. Tymoczko (2001). Biochemistry (W.H. Freeman and Company, New York). 3. Rawn J.D. (1989). Biochemistry (Neil Patterson). 4. Voet D., Voet, J.G. (2004). Biochemistry (John Wiley & Sons). 5. Voet, D., Voet, J.G. and Pratt, C.W. (2008). Fundamentals of biochemistry: Life at the molecular level (John Wiley & Sons).
BIOT- 201: Biochemistry (Practicals)

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Estimation of - amylase activity from saliva. Assay of enzyme activity. Effect of temperature on enzyme activity. Effect of pH on enzyme activity. Determination of Km for enzyme. Estimation of DNA, RNA & proteins.
Reference Books: 1. Plummer D.T. (2004). An introduction to practical biochemistry (Tata McGraw Hill Publishers Co. Ltd., New Delhi). 2. Bansal, D.D., K Hardori, R.,Gupta, M.M. (1985), Practical biochemistry (Standard Publication, Chandigarh). BIOT- 202: Genetics
Theory : 90 marks Int. assessment : 10 marks Total :100 marks Time : 3 hours
Objective: The focus of this course is on the science of heredity with emphasis on the basics of mendelian and molecular genetics. It will familiarize students with chromosome organization, linkage, chromosome mapping, chromosome aberrations, mutations and microbial genetics. Unit I Nature of genetic material, structure of nucleic acids, biologically important nucleotides and their functions. 28
Organization of chromosomes: Genome size and complexity, super coiling of DNA, satellite DNA, centromere and telomere structure. Mendelian laws of inheritance, gene interactions, sex linked inheritance. Unit III Gene linkage and chromosome mapping: Linkage and recombination of genes in chromosomes, crossing over and its molecular mechanism, gene mapping by three point test crosses, mapping by tetrad analysis, somatic cell hybridization for gene linkage studies, recombination within genes. Unit III Chromosomal aberrations: Deficiencies, duplications, inversions, translocations, position effects, chromosome changes in man. Mutation: Spontaneous versus induced mutations, types of mutations, molecular basis of mutations, mechanisms of DNA repair, mutations, frequency, correlation between mutagenicity and carcinogenicity, mutagenic agents: Physical, chemical and radiation. Unit IV Basic microbial genetics: Conjugation, transduction, transformation, isolation of auxotrophs, replica plating techniques, analysis of mutations in biochemical pathway, one gene one enzyme hypothesis. Extra chromosomal inheritance: mitochondrial and chloroplast genetic systems. Population genetics: Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, gene and genotypic frequencies, introduction of eugenics. Chi- square test, probability, Poissons distribution, pedigree analysis. Reference Books: 1. Birge, E.A. (2006). Bacterial and bacteriophage genetics (Springer). 2. Dale J., Park S. (2005) Molecular genetics of bacteria (John Wiley and Sons Inc). 3. Freifelder, D. (2005). Moleular biology (Jones and Bartlett). 4. Synder, L., Champness W. (2007). Molecular genetics of bacteria (ASM Press). 5. Turn N.J, Trempy J.E. (2006). Fundamental bacterial genetics (Wiley Blackwell). 6. E.W. Sinnott, T. Dobzhansky, L. C. Dunn. (1950) Principles of genetics (New York: McGraw-Hill). 7. T.A. Baker, J.D. Watson, S. Bell. (2004). Molecular biology of the gene (Benjamin B. Cummings). 8. A.J.F. Griffiths, S.R. Wessler, R.C. Lewontin, S.B. Carroll (2007). Introduction to genetic analysis (W.H.Freeman & Co Ltd). 8. Noman. S. Cohn. (1964). Elements of cytology (Harcourt, Brace & World). 9. Strickberger M.W. (1976). Genetics (Macmillan).
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BIOT- 202: Genetics (Practicals)

Practical Int. assessment Total Time : 45 marks : 05 marks : 50 marks : 3 hours
1. Demonstration of law of segregation and independent assortment (use of dried peas, colored peas, capsules etc.). 2. Numericals for segregation and independent assortment. 3. Segregation demonstration in preserved material (maize). 4. Use of Chi-square for prediction of phenotype/genotype frequencies of parents from progeny and vice-versa, epistasis. 5. Detection of blood groups (ABO & Rh factors). 6. Inheritance of other human characteristics, ability to taste PTC/ Thiourea. 7. Calculation of variance in respect of pod length and number of seeds/pod. 8. Calculation of gene frequencies and random mating (colored beads, capsules). 9. Dermatographics: Palm print taking and finger tip patterns. 10.Demonstration of sex chromosome from buccal smear using Giemsa stain. Reference Books: 1. Birge, E.A. (2006). Bacterial and bacteriophage genetics (Springer). 2. Dale J., Park S. (2005). Molecular genetics of bacteria (Wiley and Sons Inc.). 3. Freifelder, D. (2005). Moleular biology (Jones and Bartlett). 4. Synder, L., Champness W. (2007). Molecular genetics of bacteria (ASM Press). 5. Turn N.J, Trempy J.E. (2006). Fundamental bacterial genetics (WileyBlackwell).
BIOT- 203: Biophysical and Biochemical Techniques

Theory : 90 marks Int. assessment : 10 marks Total : 100marks Time : 3 hours
Objective: To familiarize the students with important tools and techniques based on biophysical and biochemical principles with their application in applied science. Unit I 1. Centrifugation: Principle, types & applications. 2. Electrophoresis: Principle, types & applications. 3. Chromatography: Principle, types (overview of TLC, affinity, ionexchange and gel filtration) and applications. 30
Unit II 4. Spectrophotometry (UV& visible) and spectroflourimetry, atomic absorption spectrophotometry. 5. Infrared and Raman spectroscopy. ORD and circular dichroism, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Electron Spin Resonance spectroscopy, Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Unit III 6. Microscopy: Light and bright field, phase contrast, fluorescent microscopy, confocal, Electron microscopy: Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy. 7. Crystallography and X-ray diffraction, electron diffraction, neutron diffraction. Unit IV 8. Radioisotope techniques: Radiotracers GM counter, proportional and scintillation counters, autoradiography. 9. Mass spectrometry- GCMS and LCMS. Reference Books: 1. K. Wilson, J. M. Walker (2000). Principles and techniques of practical biochemistry (Cambridge University Press). 2. P. Carmona, R. Navarro, A, Hernanz (1997).Spectroscopy of biological molecules: Modern trends (Illustrated, Publisher Springer). 3. Bernard Valeur (2001). Molecular fluorescence: Principles and application (Wiley-VCH). 4. N. Rama Krishna, Lawrence J. Berliner (eds.) (2003). Protein NMR for the millennium 1st edition [Springer (Biological Magnetic Resonance), Plenum USA]. BIOT- 203: Biophysical and Biochemical Techniques (Practicals)
Practical Int. assessment Total Time : 45 marks : 05 marks : 50marks : 3 hours
1. Identification of the provided sample using some of the spectroscopic techniques. 2. Performance of electrophoresis of proteins. 3. Performance of electrophoresis of DNA. 4. Chromatography Paper chromatography TLC chromatography Gel permeation, ion exchange and affinity chromatography 5. Performance of differential centrifugation. Reference Books: 1. Plummer D.T. (2004). An introduction to practical biochemistry (Tata McGraw Hill Publishers Co. Ltd., New Delhi). 2. Bansal, D.D., K Hardori, R & Gupta, M.M. (1985). Practical biochemistry (Standard Publication, Chandigarh). 31
BIOT- 204: Immunology

Objective: This course will introduce students to the principles of modern Immunology, both at the molecular and cellular levels. Further the course presents the importance of interactions between many of these molecular and cellular entities involved in immunity. Unit I 1. Introduction i) Overviews of immune system Historical perspectives. ii) Innate and acquired immunity. iii) Clonal nature of immune response. Cells of the immune system: Hematopoiesis and differentiation, Blymphocytes, T-lymphocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells and lymphocyte activated killer cells, eosinophils, neutrophils & mast cells. Organs of the immune system: Primary and secondary lymphoid organs: Thymus, bursa of fabricius, spleen, lymph nodes, lymphatic system, Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT), CutaneousAssociated Lymphoid Tissues, lymphocyte trafficking. Unit II Immunoglobulins: Structure of antibody, antibody mediated effects function, antibody classes and biological activities, antigens determinants on immunoglobulins, immunoglobulins superfamilies. Organization and expression of immunoglobulins gene: Genetic model, multigene organization, generation of antibody diversity. Antigen: Immunogenecity vs. antigenecity, factors effecting immunogeneticity, nature of immunogen, epitopes, heptans and antigenecity, pattern recognition receptors. Unit III Complement system: Function, activation, regulation and deficiencies of complement. Major histocompatibility complex: General organization and inheritance, MHC molecules and genes, genetic map, cellular distribution, regulation of MHC expression and disease susceptibility. 32
2.
3.
4.
5. 6.
7. 8.
9.
Antigen processing and presentation: Self MHC restriction of T Cells, role of Antigen- processing cells, endogenous antigens, exogenous antigens, presentation of non-peptide antigens. Unit IV Immune response to infectious diseases: Bacteria, viruses and intracellular parasites. Production and applications of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies (by hybridoma technology). Antigen-Antibody interactions: Strength of interaction, cross reactivity, precipitate, reaction, agglutination reactions, Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay, western blot, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry and flourescence, alternative to AntigenAntibody interaction.
10. 11. 12.
Reference Books: 1. Roitt I.M, Brostoff, J., Male D.K. (2001). Immunology (Illustrated Publisher, Mosby). 2. T. J. Kindt, R.A. G. B. A. Osborne, J. Kuby (2006). Immunology (W.H. Freeman and Company, New York). 3. Austyn, J.M., Wood, K.J. (1993). Principles of cellular and molecular immunology (Oxford University Press Inc. New York). 4. Paul, W.E. (2008). Fundamental immunology (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins). 5. Birch J.R., Lennox E.S. (1995). Monoclonal antibodies: Principles and applications (Wiley-Liss). 6. T.G. Parslow, D.P. Stites, A.I. Terr (1997). Medical immunology (Lange Medical Books/McGraw-Hill).
BIOT: 204 Immunology (Practicals)

Practical Int. assessment Total Time : 45 marks : 05 marks : 50 marks : 3 hours
1. Differential leucocytes count. 2. Total leucocytes. 3. Total RBC count. 4. Haemagglutination assay. 5. Haemagglutination inhibition assay. 6. Separation of T and B cells from PBMC by nylon wool method. 7. Separation of serum from blood. 8. Enumeration of T-Cells by E- resetting method. 9. Double immuno diffusion test using specific antibody and antigen. 10. Separation of peritoneal macrophages from rat. 11.Isolation of mononuclear cells from peripheral blood and viability test by dye exclusion methods. 12.Direct and indirect ELISA. 33
Reference Books: 1. F.C. Hay, O.M.R. Westwood, P.N. Nelson, L. Hudson (2002). Practical (Wiley-Blackwell). 2. Steverns C.D (1997). Clinical immunology and serology: A laboratory perspective (FA Davis Company, Philadelphia).
BIOT- 205: Plant Tissue Culture and Biotechnology

Theory Int. assessment Total Time : 90 marks : 10 marks : 100marks : 3 hours
Objective: To introduce the students with fundamentals and application of plant tissue culture. This course will expose students to the methods of culturing, maintaining and modifying plants species. Unit I Cellular totipotency and differentiation. Sterilization techniques for glassware and tissue culture media. Micropropagation: Establishment of aseptic culture, various advantages and disadvantages. stages,
Unit II Organogenesis; somatic embryogenesis; somaclonal variation, its genetic basis and application in crop improvement. Cell/callus line selection for resistance to herbicide, stress and diseases. Role of tissue culture in rapid clonal propagation, production of pathogen - free plants and "synthetic seeds"; haploid production: advantages and methods. Protoplast technology: Isolation, culture and plant regeneration, protoplast fusion, identification and characterization of somatic hybrids, applications of protoplast technology. Unit III DNA Delivery and expression Tools: Agrobacterium mediated gene transfer, natural pathogen mode of infection, vir gene functions, Ti / Ri plasmids, Binary and conintegrate vectors DNA delivery in to plant cells. Direct DNA delivery methods: 34
Partcile bombardment: Principle, components and basic protocol, Advantages and disadvantages. Transgenic plants: Genetic modification of plants against environmental stress. Herbicide resistance, Pest resistance, virus resistance Bacterial and fungal resistance. Unit IV Improvement of Crops: Delayed fruit ripening, improved protein composition, conversion of photosystem C3 to C4, vaccine production. Secondary Plant products from cultured cells and their industrial applications. Cryopreservation of germplasm: Short term and long term conservation of plant genetic resources, Insitu and Exsitu conservation of plants. Reference Books: 1. Razdan, M.K. (2007). Introduction to plant tissue culture (India Book House Pvt Ltd). 2. Narayanaswamy, S (1994). Plant cell and tissue culture (Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co.Ltd, New Delhi). 3. Rudolf, E. (1994). Plant cell biotechnology (Spinger Verlag). 4. Bhojwani, S.S., Razdan, M.K. (1996), Plant tissue culture: Theory and practice (Elsevier Science, Netherlands). 5. Gamborg, O.L., Phillips, G.C. (1995). Plant cell, tissue and organ culture: Fundamental methods (Illustrated, Publisher Springer). BIOT- 205: Plant Tissue Culture and Biotechnology (Practicals)
Practical Int. assessment Total Time : 45 marks : 05 marks : 50marks : 3 hours
1. Sources of contamination and decontamination measures. 2. How to clean glass/plastic ware. 3. Preparation of simple growth nutrient (Knops medium). Full strength, half strength, solid and liquid. 4. Preparation of complex nutrient medium (Murashige and Skoogs medium). 5. Laboratory design set up for a plant tissue culture laboratory. 6. To selection, prune, sterilize and prepare an explant for culture. 7. Significance of growth hormones in culture medium. 8. To culture different explants for raising callus cultures. 9. To demonstrate various steps of micropropagation. Reference Books: 1. HS Chawla (2003). Plant biotechnology: A practical approach (Science Publishers, USA).
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BIOT- 206: Agro and Industrial Biotechnology

Objective: This course will introduce students to the concepts of agriculture as industry. This course will help students to understand the application of fundamental concepts like transgenic approaches to improve crop plants, microbial culture maintenance, and metabolite purification at industrial level. Unit I Basic concept of agriculture as industry: Industrially important microbes, its screening, selection and identification. Maintenance and preservation of industrially important microbial cultures. Differences between microbial industrial process and chemical industrial process. Unit II Improvement programme of industrial microbes, mutational programme of penicillin producing microorganisms, selection pressure in maintaining the hyper producing microbes, revertant back of higher yielding microbes into lower production, media formulation and process optimization of industrial and agro industrial microbes. Unit III Microbes in agro industries and industrial biotechnology: Introduction of primary and secondary metabolites, production of vitamin B12, alcohol, wine, beer, cheese, bread, citric acid, gluconic acid, antibiotics (penicillin), enzymes (amylases, cellulases, lipases and proteases) and their industrial applications. Unit IV Emerging biotechnologies in agro industries: production of vermiculture, composting, herbicides and biopesticides, production of biofertilizers: Blue green algae, azolla, fungi, mycorrhiza (VAM), bacteria Azospirrilum, microbial biotransformations, single cell proteins (bacterial, fungal and algal). 36
Reference Books: 1. Marwaha, S.S., Arora, J.K. (2003). Biotechnological strategies in agroProcessing (Asiatech publishers Inc. New Delhi, India). 2. Stanbury, P.F., Whitaker A. (1984). Principles of fermentation technology (Pergamon Press, Oxford). 3. Singh, BD. (2008). Biotechnology: Expanding horizons (Kalyani Publishers, India). 4. Patel A.H. (2007). Industrial microbiology (New Age International Publishers). 5. Frazier W.C. (1967). Food microbiology (Tata McGraw Hill). 6. Loessner, J. M, Jay J.M, D.A. Golden (2005). Modern food microbiology (Golden Springer). BIOT- 206: Agro and Industrial Biotechnology (Practicals)
Practical : 45 marks Int. assessment : 05 marks Total : 50 marks Time : 3 hours
1. Microbial cells counting by serial dilution techniques (Spread plate and pour plate). 2. Measurement of bacterial size. 3. Screening of industrial enzymes (cellulase, protease, amylase etc.) from different soil samples. 4. Production of enzymes by submerged and solid state fermentation. Reference Books: 1. Cappuccino J.G., Sherman N. (2007). Microbiology: A laboratory (Pearson Benjamin Cummings).
BIOT- 207: Intellectual property rights and Ethical Issues in Biotechnology and Entrepreneurship
Objective: To introduce the students to intellectual rights and how to use the current intellectual property system to protect and commercialize their biotechnological invention. This course also covers the ethical issues, controversies and social-ethical impact of biotechnology on society. 37
Unit I Introduction to Indian patent laws TRIPS and other multilateral treaties & International conventions Paris convention, PCT, CBD, UPOV, PGRFA. Unit- II Forms of IPR like patent, design and copyright: Patents: Introduction to patent law and conditions for patentability; procedure for obtaining patents; rights of a patentee; patent infringements; biotechnology patents and patents on computer programs; patents from an international perspective. Copyright: Registration procedure and copyright authorities; assignment and transfer of copyright, copyright infringement and exceptions to infringement; software copyright. Designs: Introduction to the law on industrial designs; registration and piracy; international perspective; registration, commercial exploitation and infringement. Unit III Patenting in biotechnology, economic, ethical and depository considerations. Patentable subject matte and legal aspects of transfer of biotechnology in India. Writing a patent specification. Information sources in patent literature search. Unit IV Entrepreneurship Selection of a product, line design and development processes, economics on material and energy requirement, stock the product and release the same for making etc. The basic regulations of excise: Demand for a given product, feasibility of its production under given constraints of raw material, energy input, financial situations export potential etc. Reference Books: 1. J.E. Smith (2004). Biotechnology (Cambridge Univ. Press). 2. V. Santaniello (2000). Agriculture and intellectual property rights: economic institutional, and implementation issues in biotechnology (Edition illustrated Publisher CABI). 3. Thackerey, A (ed) (1998). Private science: Biotechnology and the rise of the molecular sciences (Univ. of Pennsylvania Press, Phil).
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B.Sc. (Biotechnology) Part-III

BIOT- 301: Genetic Engineering and Recombinant DNA Technology
Unit I Introduction to gene cloning, DNA manipulative enzymes-Nucleases, ligases, polymerases, modifying enzymes,restriction enzymes and its nomenclature, reverse transcriptase, topoisomerases, plasmids- Basic features of plasmids, plasmid classification, blunt and sticky ends, linkers adapters, homopolymer tailing. Unit II Vectors: Cloning vectors for E. coli- Nomenclature, pBR 322, pBR 327, pUC 8, pGEM3Z. Methods of identification of recombinants: Insertional inactivation, blue/white selection. Bacteriophages: Basic features, phage and its vector, lytic & lysogeny, linear and circular forms of lambda vector, insertion and replacement vectors; identification of recombinant phages, cosmid, phagemid, Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes (BACs), shuttle vectors. Unit III Cloning vectors for yeast and fungi, YEp, YIp, YRp, artificial chromosomes, YAC, application of YAC, identification of a recombinants from a gene library, methods of clone identification, radioactive and non- radioactive DNA and RNA labeling techniques, nick translation , random priming, Site directed mutagenesis (cassette , primer extension, RT, real time, multiplex, inverse), DNA sequencing (Maxam-Gilbert, Sanger, pyro). Unit- IV Southern, Northern and western blotting, colony hybridization, in situ hybridization , dot- blot technique, genomic cloning, transformation of E. coli, yeast and plant cells. PCR: Types, applications and limitations. Applications of rDNA technology to medicine, agriculture & environment.
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Reference Books: 1. J. Sambrook, D.W.Russell (2001). Molecular cloning: A laboratory manual (Cold spring Harbour Laboratory Press). 2. R.M. Old, S.B. Primrose (2001). Principles of gene manipulation (WileyBlackwell). 3. B. D. Hames, S. J. Higgins (1995). Gene probes: A. practical approach (Oxford University Press). 4. Tuan Rocky S. (1997). Recombinant gene expression protocols (Edition Illustrated, Publisher Springer). 5. White Bruce A. (1997). PCR cloning protocols: from molecular cloning to genetic engineering (Humana Press). 6. Sandy B. Primrose, Richard Twyman (2006). Principles of gene manipulation and genomics (Wiley-Blackwell). 7. Terence A. Brown (2006). Gene cloning and DNA analysis: An introduction (Wiley-Blackwell). BIOT- 301: Genetic Engineering and recombinant DNA Technology (Practicals)
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
DNA isolation from plants. DNA isolation from E .coli. Spectrophotometer analysis of DNA. Agarose gel electrophoresis of DNA. Plasmid DNA isolation. Restriction digestion of DNA. Demonstration of Southern blotting. Preparation of competent cells. Transformation of competent cells and blue/white selection. Demonstration of PCR.
Reference Books: 1. 2. J. Sambrook, D.W. Russell (2001). Molecular cloning: A laboratory manual (Cold Spring Harbour Laboratory Press). B. D. Hames, S. J. Higgins (1995). Gene probes: A. practical approach (Oxford University Press).
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BIO- 302: Tools in Bioinformatics

Unit I Introduction to bioinformatics Introduction, overview and needs of bioinformatics technology. Biological databases Primary Databases: Nucleotide sequence database (GenBank, EMBL), protein sequence database. Secondary Databases: SwissProt/TrEMBL, conserved domain database, Pfam. Molecular Structure Databases: Protein Data Bank (PDB), SCOP, CATH. Understanding the structure of each database and using it on the web, searching database using SRS, Entrez. Unit II Sequence analysis Introduction to sequence alignment and its applications. Pair wise sequence alignment: Concept of global and local alignment, Dot Plot, algorithm for pair wise sequence alignment (Needleman and Wunsch, Smith watterman methods), Introduction to BLAST, types of BLAST, algorithm of BLAST and interpretation of its result. Substitution matrices: Introduction to substitution matrices: PAM and BLOSUM matrices, concept of log odd ratio. Multiple sequence alignment: Methods of multiple sequence alignment, Tools of MSA Clustalw, TCoffee; Position specific scoring matrices, introduction to consensus sequences, motifs and profiles. Unit III Phylogenetic Analysis Introduction to phylogenetic analysis and its application, phylogenetic tree topologies, methods of phylogenetic tree construction and tools.
Genome Annotation Concept of genome annotation,methods of gene identification. Tools of gene identification: GenScan, Grail, GeneID and Glimmer. 41
Unit IV Protein Structure Prediction Concepts and strategies of protein structure predication, methods of secondary structure prediction, methods of protein tertiary structure prediction. Structure visualization tool RasMol. Reference Books: 1. P. Baldi, S. Brunak (2001). Bioinformatics: The machine learning approach (MIT Press). 2. A. D. Baxevanis, B. F. F. Ouellette (2001). Bioinformatics: A practical guide to the analysis of genes and proteins ( John Wiley and Sons). 3. T. K. Attwood, D.J. Parry-Smith. (1999). Introduction to bioinformatics (Pearson). 4. C. Hodgman, D. Westhead. (2008). Instant notes in bioinformatics (Taylor & Francis USA). 6. C. Stan Tsai (2002). Computational biochemistry (John Wiley and Sons). BIOT- 302: Tools in Bioinformatics (Practicals)
1. Searching literatures over PubMed. 2. Performing DOTPLOT on web. 3. Retrieving amino acid and nucleotide sequence from sequence databases using Entrez. 4. Performing BLASTp/n and interpreting its results. 5. Performing PSI-BLAST. 6. Performing multiple sequence alignment using Clustalw. 7. Finding ORF in nucleotide sequence using NCBI ORF FINDER 8. Using GenScan to identify exons in nucleotide sequence. 9. Download protein structure form PDB and visualize it using RasMol. Reference Books: 1. P. Baldi, S. Brunak (2001). Bioinformatics: The machine learning approach (MIT Press). 2. A. D. Baxevanis, B. F. F. Ouellette (2001). Bioinformatics: A practical guide to the analysis of genes and proteins (John Wiley and Sons).
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BIOT-303: Animal Cell Culture and Biotechnology

Unit I History of development of cell cultures, the natural surroundings for animal cells, stimulating natural conditions for animal cells, metabolic capabilities of animal cells. Animal cell culture Techniques: Dispersion and disruption of tissues; primary cultures, anchorage and non-anchorage dependent cells; secondary culture, transformed animal cells, established/ continuous cell lines measurement of growth and viability of cells in culture, tissue culture media: Components their importance, serum free media.
Unit III Cell lines availability, commonly used animal cell lines, their origin and characteristic, growth kinetics of cells in culture, differentiation of cells, organ culture, expressing cloned protein genes in animal cell cultures. Cytotoxicity assays & their applications. Unit III Applications of animal cell culture: Cell fusion and production of monoclonal antibodies Scale up methods for propagation of anchorage dependent and suspension cell culture Bioreactors for large scale culture of cells Micro carrier culture Transplanting cultured cells. Unit IV Genetic engineering in production or regulatory proteins, blood products, vaccines and hormones, transgenic animals and production of useful products in transgenic animals. In vitro fertilization, embryo transfer. Cloning: Methodology and its applications, ethics in cloning.
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Reference Books: 1. Butler, M. (1991). Mammalian cell biotechnology- A practical approach ( IRL, Oxford University Press). 2. Freshney, R.I. (1983). Culture of animal cells: A manual of basic technique (Edition Illustrated Publisher A.R. Liss). 3. Gareth, E.J. (1996). Human cell culture protocols (Edition Illustrated, Humana Press). 4. Butler, M. (1996). The Animal cell culture and technology ( IRL Oxford University Press). 5. Julio, E., Celis (2006). Cell biology-A laboratory handbook, Vol. I-IV (Elsevier Academic). 6. Rasko, I., Downes, C.S. (1995). Genes in medicine: Molecular biology and human genetic disorders (Edition Illustrated, Publisher Springer). 7. Maulik S., Patel, S.D. (1997). Molecular biotechnology: Therapeutic applications and strategies (Edition 2, Illustrated Publisher Wiley-IEEE).
BIOT- 303: Animal Tissue Culture and Biotechnology (Practicals)

Sterilization techniques: Theory and practical a). Glass ware sterilization b). Media sterilization c). Fumigation of laboratories. 1. Sources of contamination and decontamination measures. 2. Preparation of Hanks balanced salt solution. 3. Preparation of Minimal Essential Growth medium. 4. Isolation of lymphocytes for culturing. 5. Primary lymphoid culture. 6. DNA isolation and its quantification from animal tissue. 7. Resolving DNA on agarose Gel. Reference Books: 1. 2. Butler, M. (1991). Mammalian cell biotechnology- A practical approach (IRL, Oxford University Press). Freshney, R.I. (1983). Culture of animal cells: A manual of basic technique (Edition 3, Illustrated Publisher A.R. Liss).
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BIOT- 304: Genomics and Proteomics

Unit I Organization and structure of genome Model organisms and genome size. Unicellular and multicultural genome: Lessons learned sequencing of genomes, evolution of genome. Genome identification. Mapping of genome Construction of genomic libraries, vector, mapping strategies (genetic maps, physical maps, cytological maps, comparative maps) and techniques (FISH, radiation hybrid mapping, finger printing) Unit II cDNA library construction and screening Methods development, justification for subtraction, normalization and fingerprinting; identification of cDNAs encoding rare messages, EST projects and their utility in research Next generation sequencing techniques Sequencing by synthesis: Solexa & 454. Sequencing strategies for human genome. Unit III Genome annotation and bioinformatics How to identify genes, inferring gene function, database construction and searching. Comparative genomics Protein evolution from exon shuffling, protein structural genomics, gene function by sequencing comparison. Global expression profiling Whole genome analysis of mRNA and protein expression, types of microarray and applications.
45
Unit IV Comprehensive mutant libraries High throughput gene knockout, gene targeting, gene trapping, genome wide mutagenesis. Mapping protein interactions Methods- Two hybrid, phage display, mass spectrometry. The Rise of OMIC Impact on other fields (toxicogenomics, chemical genomics, pharmagenomics).
Reference Books: 1. Gibson G., Muse S. V. (2009). A primer of genome science (Sinauer Associates, Inc. Sunderland, MA). 2. Igor Jurisica, Dennis Wigle. (2005). Knowledge discovery in proteomics (Edition Illustrated, Publisher CRC Press). 3. Pennington S.R. (Ed), Dunn M. J. (Ed) (2001). Proteomics: From protein sequence to function (Edition Illustrated, Publisher Taylor & Francis). 4. Srivastava Sudhir (Ed). (2005). Informatics in proteomics (Edition Illustrated Publisher CRC Press). 5. Akay M. (Ed). (2007). Genomics and proteomics engineering in medicine and biology (Wiley-Interscience John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Publication, USA). 6. Sensen C. W. (2002). Essentials of genomics and bioinformatics (WileyVCH, Weinheim). 7. Baxevanis, A.D., Davison, D.B., Page, R.D.M., Petsko, G.A. (2004). Current protocols in bioinformatics (John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Publications, New York). BIOT-304: Genomics and Proteomics (Practicals)
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Generate transpositions using plasmid vectors. Targeted gene disruption in yeast. Characterization of telomerasenegative mutants. Deleting a DNA sequence from a plasmid and introduction into E. coli. Quantitation of recombination rates near short and normal length telomeres. Generating mutant. Analysis of mutants using Southern blot and PCR analysis. Analysis of protein-protein interaction using software.
Reference Books: 1. Gibson G., Muse S. V. (2009). A primer of genome science (Sinauer Associates, Inc. Sunderland, MA).
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2.
3. 4.
5.
Baxevanis, A.D., Davison, D.B., Page, R.D.M., Petsko, G.A (2004). Current protocols in bioinformatics (John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Publications, New York). Pennington S.R. (Ed), Dunn M. J. (Ed) (2001). Proteomics: From protein sequence to function (Edition illustrated. Publisher Taylor & Francis). Akay M. (Ed). (2007). Genomics and proteomics engineering in medicine and biology (Wiley-Interscience John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Publication, USA). Prescott, L.M. (1999). Microbiology with microbes in motion (McGrawHill).
BIOT-305: Bioprocess Engineering and Technology
Unit I Fundamental principles of biochemical engineering Sterilization of air and media sterilization, design of batch sterilization process. Del factor, sterilization cycle, continuous sterilization process, sterilization of fermenters. Unit II Microbial growth kinetics Simple kinetics of microbial growth, yield coefficient, doubling time, specific growth rate, substrate inhibition kinetics, product inhibition kinetics, internal and external feed back systems, metabolic and Biomass productivities, effect of temperature and pH on the product formation Unit III Design of fermenter Introduction Types of fermenters: Batch, fed batch, CSTBR, plug flow and air lift. Aseptic operation of the fermenters, control and measurement equipments of fermenters, pH and DO probes, impeller and spargers, agitation and its kinetics.
47
Unit IV Down stream processing Removal of microbial cells and other solid materials, foam separations, filtration, industrial filters, centrifugations and industrial centrifuges, cell Disruption, aqueous two phase extraction system, super critical extraction, whole broth process. Effluent treatment: Aerobic and anaerobic slug treatment process. Fermentation economics Reference Books: 1. Madigan, M.T., Martinko, J.M, P.V. Dunlap, T.D. Brock, D.P. Clark (2008). Brock biology of mMicroorganisms (Pearson Benjamin Cummings). 2. Prescott, L.M. Harley, J.P., Klein, D.A. (2001). Microbiology (McGrawHill, Boston). 3. Schaechter, M., Ingraham, J.L., Neidhardt, F.C., (2006). Microbe (ASM Press, Washington, DC). 4. Prescott, L.M. (1999). Microbiology with microbes in motion (McGrawHill). 5. Bailey J.E., Ollis, D.F. (1986). Biochemical engineering fundamentals (McGraw-Hill). 6. Schuler, M.L., Kargi F. (2002). Bioprocess engineering: Basic concepts (Prentice hall PTR, Upper Saddle River NY).
BIOT- 305: Bioprocess Engineering and Technology (Practicals)

1. Demonstration of sterilization of fermenters and other accessories. 2. Determination of doubling time, yield coefficient for growth of microorganism. 3. Effect of temperature and pH and growth and product formation. 4. Determination of KLa for given process. 5. Determination and BOD and COD value of given waste sample. Reference Books: 1. 2. 3. Cappuccino J.G., Sherman N. (2007). Microbiology: A laboratory (Pearson Benjamin Cummings). Plummer D.T. (2004). An introduction to practical biochemistry (Tata McGraw Hill Publishers Co. Ltd., New Delhi). Bansal, D.D., K Hardori, R., Gupta, M.M. (1985). Practical biochemistry (Standard Publication Chandigarh).
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BIOT- 306: Food Biotechnology

Unit I Food and Microorganisms: Composition of food, food as substrates for microbes (intrinsic and extrinsic factors), factors affecting growth of microorganisms, role of microbes in the production of new proteins, food SCP-mushroom, food yeasts, algal proteins, applications of enzymes in food processing. Fermented foods: Bread, cocoa, coffee, tea, cheese, yoghurt, meat and alcoholic beverages. Unit II Principles of food preservation: Physical, chemical, and biological methods of preservations. Contamination, preservation and spoilage of different kind of foods: Milk and milk products (milk, butter, yoghurt and cheese), beverages (alcohols, tea and coffee), meat and fish products (flesh foods), vegetables and fruits. Unit III Food adulterants and food additives: Major food adulterants, types and their methods of assay, food additives their function and uses, flavoring agents, coloring agents and vitamins as food additives. Probiotics, biofortified foods, fortified foods, functional foods, nutraceuticals, organic foods. Biotechnology and future foods (Golden rice, protato). Unit IV Food and water borne diseases: Shigellosis, salmonellosis, cholera. Food borne intoxications: Stapgylococcal, Bacillus and Clostridium. Detection of microorganisms in food: Sampling plan & procedure for microbial analysis; Qualitative methods to isolate pathogenic microorganisms, test for bacterial toxins in foods; Quantitative methods for microbial enumeration: Direct enumeration, indirect estimations and standard and recommended methods; Rapid methods and automation: Immunoassays, nucleic acid probe for detection of pathogens. 49
Reference Books: 1. Frazier W.C., Westhoff, D.C. (Ed). (1988). Food microbiology (McGrawHill). 2. Admas, M.R., Moss, M.O (2005). Food microbiology (Edition 3, Illustrated Publisher Royal Society of Chemistry). 3. SriLakshmi B. (2003) Food science (New Age International Publishers, India). 4. Jay J.M., M.J. Loessner, D.A. Golden. (2005). Modern food microbiology (Edition 7, Illustrated Publisher Springer). 5. B. Sivasankar (2004). Food processing and preservation (PHI Private Ltd, New Delhi). 6. Michael P. Doyle (1989). Food borne bacterial pathogens (Edition illustrated, Publisher Marcel Dekker).
BIOT- 306: Food Biotechnology (Practicals)

Practical : 45 marks Int. assessment: 05 marks Total : 50 marks Time : 3 hours
1. Isolation and identification of microorganisms of spoiled (fungi and bacteria). 2. Inhibitory effect of low temperature on microbial growth. 3. Production and estimation of ethanol. 4. Production of vinegar. 5. Estimation of lactose in milk. 6. Methylene blue reductase test (MBRT) for determination of quality of milk. 7. Plating the milk samples for microbial contamination. 8. Demonstration for the identification of mushrooms by spore prints. 9. Checking the effect of pasteurization of milk by alkaline phosphatase. Reference Books: 1. Cappuccino J.G., Sherman N. (2007). Microbiology: A laboratory manual (Pearson Benjamin Cummings). BIOT- 307: On Job Training Job training for 4-6 weeks during the summer vacations at the end of the B.Sc. 2nd year and should be evaluated in the B.Sc. 3rd year. The report to be presented before the three members committee to be appointed by Principal.
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B SC M SC Biotechnology 2010 2011

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PANJAB UNIVERSITY CHANDIGARH- 160 014 (INDIA)

Paper III Paper IV

100 100 100 100

150 150 150 150

Paper VII Paper VIII

BIOT - 107 BIOT - 108

150 150 1000

Work load Theory Pract. 6 3 6 3 6 3

BIOT - 204 BIOT - 205

Paper VII BIOT - 207

Work load Theory Pract 6 3

Paper II Paper III

BIOT - 302 BIOT - 303

BIOT - 304 BIOT - 305

Paper VI Paper VII

BIOT - 306 BIOT - 307

Total Marks 1000

(a) (b) (c) (d)

www.chandigarhpolice.nic.in www.punjabpolice.gov.in www.haryanapolice.gov.in www.hppolice.nic.in

BIOT- 101: English Objectives Max Marks: 50 (45+5)

12 nze 13 nze 5 nze 10 nze 10 nze

7 nze 8 nze 5 nze

10 nze (3O3O4 &10 nze)

PAPER 2 : HISTORY AND CULTURE OF PUNJAB

45 marks 5 marks 50 marks 3 hours

HISTORY CULTURE OF PUNJAB 1200-1849 A. D.

BIOT- 103: Physics (Basic and Applied) 10

Theory Int. assessment Total Time

: 90 marks : 10 marks : 100 marks : 3 hours

BIOT- 103: Physics (Basic and Applied) (Practical)

BIOT 104: Chemistry

BIOT- 105(a) : Life Sciences

BIOT- 105: (b) Mathematics

BIOT- 106: Statistics and Computer Fundamentals

Search using stem numbers Search using text signature

BIOT- 107: General Microbiology

BIOT- 108: Cell Biology

B.Sc. (Biotechnology) Part-II

BIOT- 201: Biochemistry (Practicals)

BIOT- 202: Genetics (Practicals)

BIOT- 203: Biophysical and Biochemical Techniques

BIOT- 204: Immunology

10. 11. 12.

BIOT: 204 Immunology (Practicals)

BIOT- 205: Plant Tissue Culture and Biotechnology

BIOT- 206: Agro and Industrial Biotechnology

B.Sc. (Biotechnology) Part-III

BIO- 302: Tools in Bioinformatics

BIOT-303: Animal Cell Culture and Biotechnology

BIOT- 303: Animal Tissue Culture and Biotechnology (Practicals)

BIOT- 304: Genomics and Proteomics

BIOT-305: Bioprocess Engineering and Technology

Theory : 90 marks Int. assessment : 10 marks Total : 100marks Time : 3 hours

BIOT- 305: Bioprocess Engineering and Technology (Practicals)

BIOT- 306: Food Biotechnology

BIOT- 306: Food Biotechnology (Practicals)

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