Chapter 6 Systems Development

True/False Questions
T F 1. The systems development life cycle is an unstructured approach for developing information systems. Answer: False Level: Easy Page: 208

F 2. Only IT majors will benefit from learning about the SDLC. Answer: False Level: Easy Page: 208

F 3. The third step in the SDLC is maintenance. Answer: False Level: Medium Page: 208

F 4. The fifth step in the SDLC is testing. Answer: True Level: Medium Page: 208

5. The planning phase involves determining a solid plan for developing your information system. Answer: True Level: Easy Page: 209

F 6. A critical success factor is a factor simply critical to your organization's success. Answer: True Level: Easy Page: 209

F 7. Defining the project plan is part of the analysis phase. Answer: False Level: Medium Page: 209

F 8. Building the technical architecture is part of the development phase. Answer: True Level: Easy Page: 213

F 9. Project scope clearly defines the high-level system requirements. Answer: True Level: Easy Page: 209

F 10. The project plan is a written definition of the project scope and is usually no longer than a paragraph. Answer: False Level: Medium Page: 209

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F 11. The project plan defines the what, when, and who questions of system development including all activities to be performed, the individuals, or resources, who will perform the activities, and the time required to complete each activity. Answer: True Level: Easy Page: 209

F 12. Selfsourcing is the development and support of IT systems by knowledge workers with little or no help from IT specialists. Answer: True Level: Easy Page: 209

F 13. Project milestones represent key dates for which you need a certain group of activities performed. Answer: True Level: Easy Page: 210

F 14. The design phase involves end-users and IT specialists working together to gather, understand, and document the business requirements for the proposed system. Answer: False Level: Medium Page: 212

F 15. Insourcing and selfsourcing are the only ways to build an information system. Answer: False Level: Easy Page: 209

F 16. Sign-off occurs when knowledge workers and IT specialists meet to define or review the business requirements for the system. Answer: False Level: Hard Page: 211

F 17. During the development phase, you build a technical blueprint of how the proposed system will work. Answer: False Level: Easy Page: 213

F 18. Modeling is the activity of drawing a graphical representation of a design. Answer: True Level: Easy Page: 213

F 19. The analysis phase develops the detailed steps the system must perform along with the expected results of each step. Answer: False Level: Medium Page: 210

F 20. The testing phase verifies that the system works and meets all of the business requirements defined in the analysis phase. Answer: True Level: Easy Page: 214

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F 21. Prototyping gives no indication of performance under operational conditions. This is considered an advantage. Answer: False Level: Medium Page: 224

F 22. It is more expensive to find an error during the development phase than it is to find the same error during the planning phase. Answer: False Level: Easy Page: 212

F 23. Outsourcing is the delegation of specific work to a third party for a specified length of time, at a specified cost, and at a specified level of service. Answer: True Level: Easy Page: 209

F 24. A request for proposal is a formal document that describes in detail your logical requirements for a proposed system and invites outsourcing organizations to submit bids for its development. Answer: True Level: Easy Page: 227

F 25. A selling prototype is used to prove the technical feasibility of a proposed system. Answer: False Level: Medium Page: 222

F 26. New information systems are typically developed in response to knowledge worker requests. Answer: True Level: Easy Page: 208

F 27. The project scope is defined in the project scope document. This document is often several pages in length. Answer: False Level: Easy Page: 209

F 28. A planning specialist is a person who is expert in project planning and management. Answer: False Level: Easy Page: 210

F 29. Project managers define and develop project plans and track the plans to ensure that all milestones are completed on time. Answer: True Level: Easy Page: 210

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F 30. Scope creep and feature creep lead to better systems development projects. Answer: False Level: Easy Page: 210

F 31. The project plan, once created, cannot be changed or modified. Answer: False Level: Easy Page: 210

F 32. Joint application development, a meeting between knowledge workers and It specialists, meets to define and review business requirements for the project. Answer: True Level: Easy Page: 211

F 33. Business requirements drive the entire systemif they are inaccurate or incomplete, the system will probably fail. Answer: True Level: Medium Page: 212

F 34. Designing the technical architecture is part of the development phase. Answer: False Level: Easy Page: 212

F 35. The GUI is the interface to the database that provides data to the system. Answer: False Level: Medium Page: 213

F 36. Testing is not an important phase in the SDLC. Answer: False Level: Easy Page: 214

F 37. Knowledge workers are usually involved in the testing phase as they are most familiar with the business requirements and test conditions. Answer: True Level: Easy Page: 215

F 38. The testing phase is often skipped when a project is behind schedule. Answer: True Level: Easy Page: 216 F 39. Online training is excellent when knowledge workers need one-on-one time with a trainer. Answer: False Level: Easy Page: 216

F 40. Parallel implementation of a new system is least expensive and most dangerous method. Answer: False Level: Easy Page: 216

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F 41. The implementation phase includes monitoring and supporting the new system to be sure it meets business goals. Answer: False Level: Easy Page: 217

F 42. A help desk is a group of people that respond to knowledge workers' questions. Answer: True Level: Easy Page: 217

F 43. Once a system has been created and implemented, no changes should be made to it. Answer: False Level: Easy Page: 217

F 44. There is no reason to document a self-sourced information system Answer: False Level: Easy Page: 219

F 45. Prototyping uses seven different steps to create an information system. Answer: False Level: Easy Page: 221

F 46. A finished prototype is known as a proof-of-concept prototype. Answer: False Level: Easy Page: 221

F 47. Prototyping helps determine technical feasibility. Answer: True Level: Medium Page: 224

Multiple Choice Questions

48. Which of the following is not a phase in the SDLC? A) Planning B) Development C) RFP D) Testing Answer: C Level: Easy Page: 208

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49. Which of the following is a phase in the SDLC? A) Analysis B) Design C) Testing D) All of the above Answer: D Level: Medium Page: 208

50. Which of the following is not a phase in the SDLC? A) Maintenance B) Change C) Design D) None of the above Answer: B Level: Medium Page: 208

51. What is the first step in the SDLC? A) Analysis B) Design C) Testing D) Planning Answer: D Level: Easy Page: 208

52. What is the second step in the SDLC? A) Analysis B) Design C) Testing D) Planning Answer: A Level: Medium Page: 208

53. What is the third step in the SDLC? A) Analysis B) Design C) Testing D) Planning Answer: B Level: Medium Page: 208

54. Which major will benefit from learning about the SDLC? A) Accounting B) Information technology C) Finance D) All of the above Answer: D Level: Easy Page: 208

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55. Which activity is performed during the planning phase? A) Define the system to be developed B) Set the project scope C) Develop the project plan D) All of the above Answer: D Level: Easy Page: 209

56. Which activity is performed during the design phase? A) Design system models B) Set the project scope C) Develop the project plan D) Write the documentation Answer: A Level: Easy Page: 213

57. Which activity is performed during the implementation phase? A) Build a help desk B) Support system changes C) Build the database and programs D) None of the above Answer: D Level: Medium Page: 216

58. Which activity is performed during the planning phase? A) Develop the technical architecture B) Develop the project plan C) Develop the database D) Develop the programs Answer: B Level: Medium Page: 209

59. What clearly defines the high-level system requirements? A) Project scope B) Project plan C) Project milestone D) Project manager Answer: A Level: Medium Page: 209

60. What defines the what, when, and who questions of system development including all activities to be performed, the individuals, or resources, who will perform the activities, and the time required to complete each activity? A) Project scope B) Project plan C) Project milestone D) Project manager Answer: B Level: Medium Page: 209

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61. Who is an individual who is an expert in project planning and management defines and develops the project plan and tracks the plan to ensure all key project milestones are completed on time A) Project scope B) Project plan C) Project milestone D) Project manager Answer: D Level: Easy Page: 210

62. Which of the following represents the detailed set of knowledge worker requests that the system must meet in order to be successful? A) JAD B) Business requirements C) Sign-off D) None of the above Answer: B Level: Medium Page: 210

63. Which of the following represents knowledge workers and IT specialists meeting to define or review the business requirements for the system? A) JAD B) Business requirement C) Requirements definition document D) Sign-off Answer: A Level: Easy Page: 211

64. Which of the following prioritizes the business requirements and places them in a formal comprehensive document? A) JAD B) Business requirement C) Requirements definition document D) Technical architecture Answer: C Level: Medium Page: 211

65. Which of the following is the knowledge workers' actual signature indicating he/she approves all of the business requirements? A) JAD B) Technical architecture C) Requirements definition document D) Sign-off Answer: D Level: Easy Page: 211

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66. What defines the hardware, software, and telecommunication equipment required to run the system? A) Technical architecture B) JAD C) Modeling D) GUI Answer: A Level: Easy Page: 212

67. What is the interface to an information system? A) Technical architecture B) JAD C) Modeling D) GUI Answer: D Level: Easy Page: 213

68. What is the activity of drawing a graphical representation of a design? A) Technical architecture B) JAD C) Modeling D) None of the above Answer: C Level: Easy Page: 213

69. What is the ability to model the information system screens for an entire system? A) GUI screen design B) JAD C) Technical architecture D) None of the above Answer: A Level: Easy Page: 213

70. Which phase takes all of your detailed design documents from the design phase and transforms them into an actual system? A) Analysis phase B) Design phase C) Development phase D) Testing phase Answer: C Level: Medium Page: 213

71. Which phase builds a technical blueprint of how the proposed system will work? A) Analysis phase B) Design phase C) Development phase D) Testing phase Answer: B Level: Medium Page: 212

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72. Which phase involves end-users and IT specialists working together to gather, understand, and document the business requirements for the proposed system? A) Analysis phase B) Design phase C) Development phase D) Testing phase Answer: A Level: Medium Page: 210

73. What are the detailed steps the system must perform along with the expected results of each step? A) Testing phase B) Development phase C) Technical architecture D) Test conditions Answer: D Level: Medium Page: 215

74. Which of the following highlights how a system should work? A) User documentation B) GUI C) Technical architecture D) None of the above Answer: A Level: Easy Page: 216

75. What type of training is held in a classroom environment and lead by an instructor? A) Online training B) Workshop training C) Help desk D) None of the above Answer: B Level: Easy Page: 216

76. What type of training runs over the Internet or off a CD-ROM? A) Online training B) Workshop training C) Help desk D) None of the above Answer: A Level: Easy Page: 216

77. What is a group of people who responds to knowledge workers' questions? A) Online training B) Workshop training C) Help desk D) None of the above Answer: C Level: Easy Page: 217

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78. Which phase monitors and supports the new system to ensure it continues to meet the business goals? A) Analysis phase B) Design phase C) Maintenance phase D) Testing phase Answer: C Level: Easy Page: 217

79. During which phase is it the most expensive to find an error? A) Analysis phase B) Design phase C) Maintenance phase D) Planning phase Answer: C Level: Medium Page: 217

80. Which activity will you perform to determine if the system satisfies the business requirements and enables the knowledge workers to perform their jobs correctly? A) Test condition B) Testing phase C) UAT D) None of the above Answer: C Level: Medium Page: 215

81. Why do scope creep and feature creep most likely occur? A) Unclear or missing requirements B) Skipping SDLC phases C) Failure to manage project scope and project plan D) Changing technology Answer: C Level: Medium Page: 210

82. What occurs when the scope of the project increases? A) Scope creep B) Feature creep C) Insourcing D) All of the above Answer: A Level: Medium Page: 210

83. What occurs when developers add extra features that were not part of the initial requirements? A) Scope creep B) Feature creep C) Insourcing D) All of the above Answer: B Level: Medium Page: 210

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84. Which of the following are choices for building an information system? A) Insourcing B) Selfsourcing C) End-user development D) All of the above Answer: D Level: Easy Page: 209

85. What is it called when IT specialists within your organization develop the systems? A) Insourcing B) Selfsourcing C) Outsourcing D) All of the above Answer: A Level: Easy Page: 209

86. What is development and support of an IT system by knowledge workers with little or no help from IT specialists called? A) Insourcing B) Selfsourcing C) Outsourcing D) All of the above Answer: B Level: Easy Page: 209

87. What is the delegation of specific work to a third party for a specified length of time, at a specified cost, and at a specified level of service? A) Insourcing B) Selfsourcing C) Outsourcing D) None of the above Answer: C Level: Easy Page: 209

88. What is the process of building a model that demonstrates the features of a proposed product, service, or system? A) Insourcing B) Selfsourcing C) Outsourcing D) None of the above Answer: D Level: Medium Page: 221

89. Which of the following is another term for selfsourcing? A) Insourcing B) Customer development C) End user development D) Outsourcing Answer: C Level: Medium Page: 209

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90. Which of the following is an advantage of selfsourcing? A) Improves requirements determination B) Increases knowledge worker participation and sense of ownership C) Increases speed of systems development D) All of the above Answer: D Level: Hard Page: 220

91. Which of the following is a disadvantage of selfsourcing? A) Inadequate knowledge worker expertise leads to inadequately developed systems B) Lack of organizational focus creates "privatized" IT systems C) Insufficient analysis of design alternatives leads to subpar IT systems D) All of the above Answer: D Level: Hard Page: 220

92. Which of the following is a disadvantage of selfsourcing? A) Improves requirements determination B) Increases knowledge worker participation and sense of ownership C) Increases speed of systems development D) Lack of organizational focus creates "privatized" IT systems Answer: D Level: Hard Page: 220

93. Which of the following is an advantage of selfsourcing? A) Inadequate knowledge worker expertise leads to inadequately developed systems B) Increases knowledge worker participation and sense of ownership C) Insufficient analysis of design alternatives leads to subpar IT systems D) Inadequate knowledge worker expertise leads to inadequately developed systems Answer: B Level: Hard Page: 220

94. Which of the following is an advantage of outsourcing? A) Focus on unique core competencies B) Better predict future costs C) Acquire leading-edge technology D) All of the above Answer: D Level: Medium Page: 230

95. Which of the following is not an advantage of outsourcing? A) Focus on unique core competencies B) Trouble predicting future costs C) Acquire leading-edge technology D) Improve performance accountability Answer: B Level: Medium Page: 230

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96. Which of the following describes an RFP? A) A formal document B) Describes detailed logical system requirements C) Invites outsourcing organizations to submit bids for system development D) All of the above Answer: D Level: Medium Page: 227

97. Which of the following is a disadvantage of outsourcing? A) Reduces technical know-how for future innovation B) Reduces degree of control C) Increases vulnerability of strategic information D) All of the above Answer: D Level: Medium Page: 230

98. Which of the following is not a disadvantage of outsourcing? A) Reduces technical know-how for future innovation B) Reduces degree of control C) Reduces vulnerability of strategic information D) Increases dependency on other organizations Answer: C Level: Medium Page: 230

99. What is the process of building a model that demonstrates the features of a proposed product, service, or system? A) Prototyping B) Prototype C) Proof-of-concept prototype D) Selling prototype Answer: A Level: Easy Page: 221

100. What is a model of a proposed product, service, or system? A) Prototyping B) Prototype C) Proof-of-concept prototype D) Selling prototype Answer: B Level: Easy Page: 221

101. What is used to prove the technical feasibility of a proposed system? A) Prototyping B) Prototype C) Proof-of-concept prototype D) Selling prototype Answer: C Level: Medium Page: 221

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102. What is used to convince people of the worth of a proposed system? A) Prototyping B) Prototype C) Proof-of-concept prototype D) Selling prototype Answer: D Level: Hard Page: 222

103. What is the fourth step in the prototyping process? A) Identify basic requirements B) Develop initial prototype C) Knowledge worker reviewing D) Revise and enhance the prototype Answer: D Level: Medium Page: 223

104. Which of the following is not a step performed during the prototyping process? A) Identify basic requirements B) Develop technical architecture C) Knowledge worker reviewing D) Revise and enhance the prototype Answer: B Level: Medium Page: 223

105. Which of the following is an advantage of prototyping? A) Encourages active knowledge worker participation B) Helps resolve discrepancies among knowledge workers C) Gives knowledge workers a feel for the final system D) All of the above Answer: D Level: Easy Page: 223

106. Which of the following is not an advantage to prototyping? A) Encourages active knowledge worker participation B) Helps resolve discrepancies among knowledge workers C) Gives knowledge workers the final system D) Helps determine technical feasibility Answer: C Level: Hard Page: 223

107. Which of the following is a disadvantage to prototyping? A) Encourages active knowledge worker participation B) Helps resolve discrepancies among knowledge workers C) Helps determine technical feasibility D) Gives no indication of performance under operational conditions Answer: D Level: Medium Page: 224

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108. All of the following are disadvantages of prototyping, except A) Leads people to believe the final system will follow shortly B) Gives no indication of performance under operational conditions C) Leads the project team to forgo proper testing and documentation D) Gives knowledge workers a feel for the final system Answer: D Level: Medium Page: 224

109. Which of the following is not a disadvantage of prototyping? A) Leads people to believe the final system will follow shortly B) Gives no indication of performance under operational conditions C) Leads the project team to forgo proper testing and documentation D) None of the above Answer: D Level: Easy Page: 224

110. Which of the following is an advantage of a prototype? A) Leads people to believe the final system will follow shortly B) Gives no indication of performance under operational conditions C) Leads the project team to forgo proper testing and documentation D) Encourages active knowledge worker participation Answer: D Level: Medium Page: 223

111. Outsourcing reduces degree of control. This is a(n): A) Advantage of outsourcing B) Disadvantage of outsourcing C) Advantage of prototyping D) Disadvantage of prototyping Answer: B Level: Medium Page: 230

112. Outsourcing lets us focus on unique core competencies. This is a(n): A) Advantage of outsourcing B) Disadvantage of outsourcing C) Advantage of prototyping D) Disadvantage of prototyping Answer: A Level: Medium Page: 230

113. Increasing knowledge worker participation and sense of ownership is a(n): A) Advantage of selfsourcing B) Disadvantage of selfsourcing C) Advantage of prototyping D) Disadvantage of prototyping Answer: A Level: Medium Page: 220

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114. Lack of organizational focus creates "privatized systems" is a(n): A) Advantage of selfsourcing B) Disadvantage of selfsourcing C) Advantage of prototyping D) Disadvantage of prototyping Answer: B Level: Medium Page: 220

115. Lack of documentation and external support leads to short-lived systems is a(n): A) Advantage of selfsourcing B) Disadvantage of selfsourcing C) Advantage of prototyping D) Disadvantage of prototyping Answer: B Level: Easy Page: 220

116. Which of the following items should be used to help determine the project to be developed? A) critical success factors B) past project plans C) knowledge worker development plans D) none of the above Answer: A Level: Easy Page: 209

117. Which of the following is an item critical to the organization's success? A) critical success factor B) critical factors C) success factors D) project factors Answer: A Level: Easy Page: 209

118. Defining high-level requirements is referred to as? A) project plan B) project scope C) scope creep D) project critical success factors Answer: B Level: Easy Page: 209

119. In which step of the SDLC does the organization decide which system(s) to develop? A) Analysis B) Design C) Testing D) Planning Answer: D Level: Hard Page: 220

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120. Which of the following must be performed when generating business requirements? A) talk to everyone with a claim in the new system B) find out what is required of the new system C) all of the above D) none of the above Answer: C Level: Easy Page: 210

121. After all business requirements have been defined, they are prioritized within which document? A) list document B) sign-off C) requirements definition document D) requires for proposal Answer: C Level: Medium Page: 211

122. One of the most common reasons why systems development projects fail is: A) business requirements are either missing are incorrectly gathered during the analysis phase B) lack of planning in general C) poor selection of project D) inaccurate business requirements Answer: A Level: Medium Page: 211

123. The primary goal of the design phase is to? A) build a technical blueprint of how the system should work B) convince users to utilize an existing system C) build a logical blueprint of how the system works D) create a logical user interface Answer: A Level: Medium Page: 212

124. Which of the following is a session in which knowledge workers and IT specialists meet to define and review business requirements? A) Joint Application Development (JAD) B) meeting C) design session D) development focus Answer: A Level: Easy Page: 211

125. Which of the following does not take place in the design phase? A) create the system B) define hardware, software, telecommunications equipment needed for the system C) create drawings of the user interface D) users function as quality control Answer: A Level: Medium Page: 213

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126. During the design phase, which of the following people serve help maintain quality control? A) programmers B) systems designers C) knowledge workers D) technical workers Answer: C Level: Medium Page: 213

127. What is one of the most important things to consider during the design phase? A) type of equipment needed B) future needs C) color of current equipment D) existing software Answer: B Level: Medium Page: 213

128. The technical architecture and the database and programs are created during which phase of the SDLC? A) Analysis B) Design C) Testing D) Development Answer: D Level: Medium Page: 213

129. During which phase of the SDLC does the organization verify that the new system works and meets all business requirements? A) Testing B) Development C) Analysis D) Design Answer: A Level: Easy Page: 214

130. Which of the following activities are not performed in the testing phase? A) create the test conditions B) perform unit testing C) perform user acceptance testing D) all of the above are performed during the testing phase Answer: D Level: Easy Page: 215

131. Which form of testing focuses on individual pieces of code within a new system? A) Unit B) System C) Integration D) User acceptance Answer: A Level: Easy Page: 215

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132. Which form of testing verifies that the units of a system function correctly when integrated into the total system? A) Unit B) System C) Integration D) User acceptance Answer: B Level: Easy Page: 215

133. Which form of testing verifies that separate systems can work together? A) Unit B) System C) Integration D) User acceptance Answer: C Level: Easy Page: 215

134. Which form of testing determines if a system meets the business requirements and enables knowledge workers to correctly perform their jobs? A) Unit B) System C) Integration D) User acceptance Answer: D Level: Easy Page: 215

135. During implementation, which of the following tasks are performed? A) distribute the system to knowledge workers B) create the data to be used within the system C) brainstorm for ideas regarding the new system D) create the new system Answer: A Level: Medium Page: 216

136. During which phase of the SDLC is user documentation created? A) Planning B) Analysis C) Design D) Implementation Answer: D Level: Medium Page: 216

137. User documentation and training are provided during which SDLC phase? A) Maintenance B) Analysis C) Implementation D) Integration Answer: C Level: Easy Page: 216

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138. Which of the following is not a method used to implement new information systems? A) parallel B) plunge C) pilot D) partial Answer: D Level: Easy Page: 216

139. Which of the following implementation methods uses both old and new systems to verify operation of the new system? A) parallel B) plunge C) pilot D) phased Answer: A Level: Easy Page: 216

140. Which method of implementation is considered the least expensive? A) parallel B) plunge C) pilot D) phased Answer: B Level: Easy Page: 216

141. Which type of implementation involves having a small group of people use the new system, and then adding remaining people after verifying that the new system works? A) parallel B) plunge C) pilot D) phased Answer: C Level: Easy Page: 216

142. The maintenance phase involves which two primary activities? A) creating a help desk and changing business requirements B) providing an environment conducive to system changes and changing critical success factors C) creating a help desk and providing an environment conducive to system changes D) creating the system and modifying the requirements Answer: C Level: Medium Page: 217

143. Which of the following factors should be considered before selfsourcing a project? A) degree to which project matches organizational goals B) need for external support C) need for ongoing support D) all of the above Answer: D Level: Easy Page: 217

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144. An increased speed of systems development may result from which systems development methodology? A) SDLC B) selfsourcing C) insourcing D) None of the above Answer: B Level: Medium Page: 220

145. ___________ is an iterative process in which a model of the information system is created from business requirements, demonstrated to knowledge workers, then refined and enhanced based on knowledge worker comments. A) prototyping B) systems development life cycle C) JAD D) selfsourcing Answer: A Level: Easy Page: 221

146. Prototyping can be used for which of the following activities? A) gathering requirements B) helping determine requirements C) proving that a system is technically feasible D) all of the above Answer: D Level: Easy Page: 221

147. Which type of prototype is used to convince people of the worth of a proposed system? A) proof-of-concept prototype B) throwaway prototype C) evolutionary prototype D) selling prototype Answer: D Level: Easy Page: 222

148. Most often, IT specialists use prototypes as? A) the basis for the finished system B) a blueprint or technical design for the final system C) a substitute for the final system D) a product enrichment methodology Answer: B Level: Easy Page: 223

149. Outsourcing can take which of the following forms? A) purchase existing software B) purchase existing software but pay for modifications C) purchase existing software but pay for the right to modify it yourself D) all of the above Answer: D Level: Medium Page: 225

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150. The trend to outsource IT functions to other countries is termed: A) foreign outsourcing B) offshore outsourcing C) external outsourcing D) outer outsourcing Answer: B Level: Easy Page: 229

151. Which of the following represents key dates for which you need a certain group of activities performed? A) Project scope B) Project plan C) Project milestone D) Project manager Answer: C Level: Easy Page: 210

152. Which phase distributes the system to all of the knowledge workers and they begin using the system to perform their everyday jobs? A) Testing B) Development C) Analysis D) None of the above Answer: D Level: Medium Page: 216

Fill in the Blank Questions

153. The ____________ is a structured step-by-step approach for developing information systems. Answer: Systems development life cycle Level: Easy Page: 208

154. The______________ involves determining a solid plan for developing your information system. Answer: Planning phase Level: Easy Page: 209

155. A(n) ____________ is a factor simply critical to your organization's success. Answer: Critical success factor Level: Easy Page: 209

156. _________ clearly defines the high-level system requirements. Answer: Project scope Level: Medium Page: 209

157. The _________ is a written definition of the project scope and is usually no longer than a paragraph. Answer: Project scope document Level: Medium Page: 209

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158. The __________defines the what, when, and who questions of system development including all activities to be performed, the individuals, or resources, who will perform the activities, and the time required to complete each activity. Answer: Project plan Level: Easy Page: 209

159. A(n)___________ is an individual who is an expert in project planning and management, defines and develops the project plan and tracks the plan to ensure all key project milestones are completed on time. Answer: Project manager Level: Easy Page: 210

160. The _________ involves end-users and IT specialists working together to gather, understand, and document the business requirements for the proposed system. Answer: Analysis phase Level: Easy Page: 210

161. ____________defines the hardware, software, and telecommunication equipment required to run the system. Most systems run on a computer network with each employee having a workstation and the application running on a server. Answer: Technical architecture Level: Medium Page: 212

162. During the ___________ you build a technical blue print of how the proposed system will work. Answer: Design phase Level: Medium Page: 212

163. __________ is the activity of drawing a graphical representation of a design. Answer: Modeling Level: Easy Page: 213

164. _________ is the ability to model the information system screens for an entire system. Answer: GUI screen design Level: Easy Page: 213

165. ____________ highlights how to use the system. Answer: User documentation Level: Easy Page: 216

166. _______ is the delegation of specific work to a third party for a specified length of time, at a specified cost, and at a specified level of service. Answer: Outsourcing Level: Easy Page: 209

167. ____________is the process of building a model that demonstrates the features of a proposed product, service, or system. Answer: Prototyping Level: Easy Page: 221

168. __________ is a model of a proposed product, service, or system. Answer: Prototype Level: Easy Page: 221

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169. ___________occurs when IT specialists within the company develop new systems. Answer: Insourcing Level: Easy Page: 209

170. ___________ occurs when a knowledge worker develops software with little or no support. Answer: Selfsourcing Level: Easy Page: 209

171. Sometimes the overall scope may change gradually. This is known as ___________. Answer: Scope creep Level: Easy Page: 210

172. ___________ occurs when developers add features that were not part of the initial requirements. Answer: Feature creep Level: Easy Page: 210

173. A(n) ___________ is a formal document that describes in detail your logical requirements for a proposed system and invites outsourcing organizations to submit bids for its development. Answer: Request for proposal Level: Easy Page: 227

174. A(n) ___________ is used to prioritize the business requirements and place them in a formal comprehensive document. Answer: Requirements definition document Level: Easy Page: 211

175. ___________ is a session in which knowledge workers and IT specialists meet to define and review business requirements. Answer: Joint Application Development (JAD) Level: Easy Page: 211

176. The GUI is a(n) ___________ to the system. Answer: Interface Level: Hard Page: 213

177. ___________ is one of the most important things to consider during the design phase. Answer: Future needs Level: Medium Page: 213

178. During the___________ phase of the SDLC, software is actually written. Answer: Development Level: Easy Page: 213

179. During the___________ phase of the SDLC, the organization verifies that the new system works and meets all business requirements. Answer: Testing Level: Easy Page: 214

180. ___________ testing focuses on individual pieces of code within a new system. Answer: Unit Level: Easy Page: 215

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181. ___________ testing verifies that the units of a system function correctly when integrated into the total system. Answer: System Level: Easy Page: 215

182. ___________ testing verifies that separate systems can work together. Answer: Integration Level: Easy Page: 215

183. ___________ testing determines if a system meets the business requirements and enables knowledge workers to correctly perform their jobs. Answer: User acceptance Level: Easy Page: 215

184. Knowledge workers begin using the new system during the ___________ phase of the SDLC. Answer: Implementation Level: Easy Page: 216

185. The ___________ phase of the SDLC involves monitoring an information system to be sure it meets business needs. Answer: Maintenance Level: Easy Page: 217

186. A group of people who responds to knowledge workers' questions is called a(n) ___________. Answer: Help desk Level: Easy Page: 217

187. _________ is the development and support of IT systems by knowledge workers with little or no help from IT specialists. Answer: Selfsourcing Level: Easy Page: 208

188. _________ increases knowledge worker participation and sense of ownership, but may lead to a lack of organizational focus. Answer: Selfsourcing Level: Hard Page: 220

189. ___________ is an iterative process in which a model of the information system is created from business requirements, demonstrated to knowledge workers, then refined and enhanced based on knowledge worker comments. Answer: Prototyping Level: Easy Page: 221

190. ___________ helps resolve discrepancies among knowledge workers. Answer: Prototyping Level: Medium Page: 224

191. ___________ outsourcing consists of paying companies outside the United States to perform IT functions. Answer: Offshore Level: Easy Page: 229

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192. Exploiting the intellect of another organization is a(n) ___________ of outsourcing. Answer: Advantage Level: Medium Page: 230

193. ___________ represent key dates for which you need a certain group of activities performed. Answer: Project milestones Level: Easy Page: 210

194. _________ are the detailed set of knowledge worker requests that the system must meet in order to be successful. Answer: Business requirements Level: Easy Page: 211

195. _______ are the detailed steps the system must perform along with the expected results of each step. Answer: Test conditions Level: Medium Page: 215

196. ____________ is held in a classroom environment and lead by an instructor. Answer: Workshop training Level: Easy Page: 216

197. __________ is used to convince people of the worth of a proposed system. Answer: Selling prototype Level: Medium Page: 222

198. _______ is used to prove the technical feasibility of a proposed system. Answer: Proof-of-concept prototype Level: Medium Page: 221

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