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ELECTRICANDMAGNETICFIELDBASELINESURVEY&MODELING
INTERIORTOLOWERMAINLANDTRANSMISSIONREINFORCEMENTPROJECT
BCTCEMF01107,Version1.0
Preparedfor:
BCTransmissionCorporation
Vancouver,Canada
Preparedby:
AdiseshuNyshadham,Ph.D.
29January2008
Appendix Q
29 January 2008
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY INTRODUCTION ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELDS (EMF) EVALUATION SITES METHODOLOGY - FIELD MEASUREMENTS METHODOLOGY - MODELING VALIDATION OF ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELDS MEASUREMENTS RESULTS OF ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELDS MODELING RESULTS SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES GLOSSARY OF TERMS 6 7 8 9 10 12 19 83 128 131 132
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LIST OF TABLES
4.1:StudyAreaInformationforMeasurementsandModeling 5.1:ElectricandMagneticFieldsTestSpecificationsataTestLocation(withinROW) 6.1:ModelingParametersforStudyLocationsandCircuits 6.2:AnnualAverageLoadParametersforCircuits
A2BSEGMENT
10 12 18 18 24 26 28 30 32 32 37 39 41 41 46 48 50 50 56 58 60 60 65 67 69 69 74 76 78 80 82 82 129 130
9.1:PredictedMagneticFieldlevelswithAnnualAverageLoad 9.2:PredictedElectricFieldlevelswithAnnualAverageLoad
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LIST OF FIGURES
6.1:Treedimension 6.2:MagneticFieldCalculation
A2BSEGMENT
15 16
21 23 25 27 29 31 33 34 36 38 40 42 43 45 47 49 51 52 53 55 57 59 61 62 64 66 68 70 71 73 75
7.4.1:TopViewofthePQ101StudyLocation
PQMile109SEGMENT
UVSEGMENT
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77 79 81 83 85 87 88 89 91 92 93 95 96 97 99 100 101 102 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 119 120
IJSEGMENT
JKSEGMENT
8.5.1:TopViewfortheStudyLocationPQMile101Segment 8.5.2:TopandEndViewfortheStudyLocationPQMile101LookingtowardsTower7/3 8.5.3:PredictedMagneticFieldof3L2circuitatlowestsagLateralProfile(226mfrom7/3) 8.5.4:PredictedElectricFieldof3L2circuitatlowestsagLateralProfile(226mfrom7/3) 8.5.5:PredictedMagneticFieldof3L2circuitLongitudinalProfile(28.8mfrom3L2) 8.5.6:PredictedElectricFieldof3L2circuitLongitudinalProfile(28.8mfrom3L2) 8.5.7:PredictedMagneticFieldofPQMile101segmentLateralProfile,10mfrom101/1 8.5.8:PredictedElectricFieldofPQMile101segmentLateralProfile,10mfrom101/1 8.5.9:PredictedMagneticFieldofPQMile101segmentLateralProfile,100mfrom101/1 8.5.10:PredictedElectricFieldofPQMile101segmentLateralProfile,100mfrom101/1 8.5.11:PredictedMagneticFieldofPQMile101segmentLateralProfile,270mfrom101/1,w/o3L2 8.5.12:PredictedMagneticFieldofPQMile101segmentLateralProfile,270mfrom101/1,w/3L2 8.5.13:PredictedElectricFieldofPQMile101segmentLateralProfile,270mfrom101/1,w/o3L2 8.5.14:PredictedElectricFieldofPQMile101segmentLateralProfile,270mfrom101/1,w/3L2 8.6.1:TopandEndViewfortheStudyLocationPQMile109Segment 8.6.2:PredictedMagneticFieldofPQMile109SegmentatlowestsagLateralProfile(215m) 8.6.3:PredictedElectricFieldofPQMile109SegmentatlowestsagLateralProfile(215m)
PQMile109SEGMENT
PQMile101SEGMENT
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UVSEGMENT
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1.0
Executive Summary
ElectricandMagneticFieldsmeasurementsareperformedatsevenstudylocations: A2B: PrincetonMerrittHWY97C(partofABsegment),GH:Spuzzum,JK:SouthofYale,PQ: HarrisonHotSprings,PQ:Chehalis,RS:Mission,eastofStaveLakeandUV:WestwoodPlateau. ThesitespecificElectricandMagneticFieldsmodelsaredevelopedforallsevenstudylocations andoverallarefoundtobeaccuratewithin+2%to1.3%forMagneticFieldmodelsand+8.0%to 9.7%forElectricFieldmodels. Usingthesemodels,theElectricandMagneticFieldsarecalculatedfortenlocationstodetermine thepredictedlevelsusingannualaveragelineloadsoffiscal200607forexistingcircuits,the annualaveragelineloadsof201415withtheproposed5L83circuit,andtheannualaverageline loadsof202627withtheproposed5L83circuitreachingitsmaximumloadcapacity. ThehighestMagneticFieldlevelswithintheROWarefoundtobeattheJKsegment(Southof Yale)studylocationforfiscal200607:145.61mG,fiscal201415:131.69mGandfiscal202627: 144.81mG.AttheRSsegment(MissionEastofStaveLake)thehighestMagneticFieldlevelsat theedgeoftheROWareobservedforfiscal200607:38.57mG,fiscal201415:30.06mGandfiscal 202627:35.96mG. AtonehundredmetersfromtheedgeoftheROW,theMagneticFieldlevelsarereduced significantlyforallstudylocationsandthelevelrangeisobservedtobe0.68to3.68mG. ThePQMile101HarrisonHotSpringsstudylocationisuniquetotheothersbecausethereisa linetranspositionandacircuit(3L2)crossingundertheexisting5L82circuit.Forthisspecial case,theMagneticFieldlevelsareobservedtobehighestatthelowestsagpointunderthe conductorbundlesandwithinROW.However,atthe270mlateralcrosssectionof5L82,withthe resultanteffectof3L2,theMagneticFieldlevelsaresignificantlyhigherfromthesouthedgeofthe ROWto100m.ThemodeledMagneticFieldvaluesarebetween11.10to16.0mG. ThehighestElectricFieldlevelswithintheROWarefoundattheJKsegment(SouthofYale)study locationforfiscal200607:15.25kV/m,fiscal201415:15.70kV/m,andfiscalyears202627: 16.3kV/m.ForsegmentPQMile109(Chehalis),atthelowestsagpoint,thehighestElectricField levelsattheedgeoftheROWareobservedforfiscal200607:3.28kV/m,fiscal2014153.38kV/m andfiscalyears202627:3.53kV/m. AtonehundredmetersfromtheedgeoftheROW,theElectricFieldlevelsarereduced significantlyforallstudylocationsexceptPQMile101andthelevelrangeisobservedtobe 0.01kV/mto0.16kV/m. ForthePQMile101HarrisonHotSpringsstudylocation,theElectricFieldlevelsareobservedto behighestatthelowestsagpointundertheconductorbundleandwithinROW.However,atthe 270mlateralcrosssectionfor5L82,withtheresultanteffectof3L2,theElectricFieldlevelsare significantlyhigherfromthesouthedgeoftheROWto100m.ThemodeledElectricFieldvalues arebetween1.12to1.39kV/m.
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2.0
Introduction
TheBritishColumbiaTransmissionCorporation(BCTC)isaprovincialCrowncorporation responsibleforplanning,managing,operatingandmaintainingmostofBritishColumbias electricalpowertransmissionanditsinterconnectionswiththelargerNorthAmericangrid. BCTChasinitiatedenvironmentalstudiestoassessthepotentialeffectsoftheconstructionand operationofanew500kilovolt(kV)overheadsinglecircuitsteeltower(SCST)highvoltage electrictransmissionlinefromtheNicolaSubstation(NIC),nearMerritt,totheMeridian Substation(MDN),nearCoquitlam[1].TheILMTransmissionProject(theProject)wouldbe approximately240kminlength,andwouldparallelandadjoinanexistingtransmissionlineright ofway(ROW)formostofthedistance.Approximately30kmofthelinewouldrequireentirely newrightofway.Thetransmissionlineandassociatedfacilitieswouldbeoperatedand maintainedbyBCTCandownedbyBCHydro. ElectricandMagneticFields(EMF)areassessedforbaselineconditions,andwithrespecttothe proposedprojectcomponentsarebasedontheresultsofmeasurement,modelingandsimulation. TheactivitieswhichareundertakenduringtheElectricandMagneticFieldsAssessmentinclude thefollowing: Characterizingtheexistingenvironmenttodescribetheexistingbaselineconditions,including: o determiningthroughmeasurementElectricandMagneticFieldslevelsassociatedwith existingsources,includingtheexisting500kVtransmissionlineslocatedinthevicinityof theTransmissionCorridor; o determiningthroughmodelingElectricandMagneticFieldslevelsassociatedwithexisting sources,includingtheexisting500kVtransmissionlineslocatedinthevicinityofthe TransmissionCorridorbasedontypicaldayloaddata,fiscal200607annualaverageload data(existingsources); o comparingmodeledElectricandMagneticFieldslevelsduetotypicaldayloaddatawith measuredElectricandMagneticFieldslevels; DeterminingthroughmodelingpotentialchangesintheElectricandMagneticFieldslevelsfor theILMoptionthroughmodelingusing200607annualaveragedata(existingsources),fiscal 201415annualaverageloaddata(includesthenewline)andfiscal202627annualaverage loaddata(includesthenewline). KeyAssumptions: TheElectricandMagneticFieldsbaselinesurveyandmodelingassessmentdescribedinthis reportarebasedonthefollowingassumptions: Anew500kVoverheadsinglecircuithighvoltageelectrictransmissionlinewillbe constructedbetweenNicolaSubstationnearMerritt,BCandtheMeridianSubstationin Coquitlam,BC; Theproposednewoverheadtransmissionline,some240kminlength,willfollowexisting electricaltransmissionrightsofwayforapproximately70%ofitslength(168km); Sectionsoftheexistingrightofwaywouldneedtobewidenedoveralineardistancetotalling approximately70km,includingacquiringabout30kmofnewstatutoryrightofway; Inadditiontothenewtransmissionline,theProjectwillinclude: Page 7
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o anew500kVsinglecircuitterminationatNICincludinglineterminationstructure, circuitbreakers,122.5MVArofreactivecompensation,andassociatedequipment withintheexistingsubstationboundaries; o anew500kVsinglecircuitterminationatMDNincludinglineterminationstructure, circuitbreakers,andassociatedequipmentwithintheexistingsubstationboundaries; and o A500kVseriescompensationstationinvolvingeitheranexpansionoftheexisting AmericanCreekorChapmanscapacitorstationortheadditionofanewcapacitor stationatRubyCreek,ortheadditionofanewcapacitorstationatsomeotherpoint alongthetransmissioncorridor. Measurementattheselectedsitelocationsareperformedusingthemethodsandrequirements describedinIEEEStandard6441994[2]andareperformedatonelateralcrosssectionand onelongitudinalcrosssectionwithintherightofway; OnlyshorttermElectricandMagneticFieldassessmentsthroughmeasurementsandmodeling areconsideredinthisstudy; PotentialElectricandMagneticFieldsrelatedimpactsduringtheconstructionphasewillnot beconsideredinthisstudy.
3.0
ElectricandMagneticFieldswillbegeneratedbyoverheadtransmissionlinesduringitsnormal operation.TheElectricandMagneticFieldslevelsalongandinthevicinityoftheProjectcorridor areaffectedbythecurrentandvoltagesofthetransmissionline.TheElectricandMagneticFields levelsaresensitivetosuchvariablesasoperatingcurrentandvoltages,cablegeometry,tower geometry,conductortype,nearbyobstacles,andvegetation. ElectricandMagneticFieldsareinvisiblelinesofforcesurroundinganywirecarryingelectricity. Theyareproducedbyallhouseholdappliances,electrictools,householdwiringandpowerlines. AC(alternatingcurrent)transmissionlinesproduceElectricandMagneticFieldsmainlyinthe powerfrequencyof60Hz. ElectricFieldfromapowerlineiscausedbythevoltageontheconductor,whileMagneticFieldis causedbytheelectriccurrentflowingthroughtheconductor.Thevoltagesetsupelectrical chargesonaconductor,whichinturnproduceanElectricFieldaroundtheconductor.The electricalcurrentproducesaMagneticFieldaroundtheconductor.Sincethevoltageonapower lineremainsmoreorlessconstantwithtime,changestothepowerorloaddemandduringaday willresultinchangestothecurrent,andhencetheMagneticField. ElectricFieldincreaseswithanincreaseintheconductorvoltage,whileMagneticFieldincreases withanincreaseintheconductorcurrent.ThemaximumElectricandMagneticFieldslevelsoccur ontheROW,approximatelybelowtheconductoratthepointwhereitsagsclosesttotheground. Thepointofmaximumsagisusuallyinthemiddleofaspanbetweentwotransmissionstructures assumingthatthetowersareofsameheight,thebasesofthetwotowersareatthesameelevation andtheterrainisflat.TheElectricandMagneticFieldslevelsdecreaserapidlywithincreasing distancefromatransmissionline.ElectricFieldiseasilyblockedbyvegetation,buildingsorother Page 8
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4.0
Evaluation Sites
TheElectricandMagneticFieldmeasurementsandmodelingstudywillassesstheElectricand MagneticFieldlevelswithinandaroundpopulatedareasneartheproposedoverhead transmissionlines.ThetypicalsiteswherethestudiescouldbeperformedarewithintheROWof selectedsites,residentialareas,campgrounds,hospitals,schools,daycares,highways,seniorsor nursinghomes,raillinesandpipelines. TheElectricandMagneticFieldslevelsalongandinthevicinityoftheProjectcorridorareaffected bythecurrentandvoltagesofthetransmissionlineaswellastheparametersrelatedtotowerand cable geometry, conductor type, soil properties, terrainconditions,nearby obstacles, vegetation, etc. The study areas shown in Table 4.1 below are selected based on the information available that wasrelatedtotheexistenceoffeaturesandcomponentsofthesociocommunity.Thescopeofthe proposedstudyislimitedtothemodelingofElectricandMagneticFieldslevelsatallthesestudy areasandmeasurementofElectricandMagneticFieldslevelsatninelocationsinthesevenstudy areas. Table4.1:StudyAreaInformationforMeasurementsandModeling TherationalefortheselectionofthesestudyareasfortheElectricandMagneticFieldsassessment isbasedprimarilyonaconsiderationoftheexistenceoffeaturesandcomponentsalongthe
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proposedoverheadtransmissionline,aswellashavingrepresentativesitesfordifferent configurationsofthenewtransmissionlineincombinationwithexistingtransmissionlines.The ElectricandMagneticFieldstudyareaboundarieswillbelimitedtotheROWlimitsoftheselected crosssectionsbasedontheguidelinesprovidedbynationalandinternationalstandards[23]. ModelingandsimulationareperformedtoestimatetheElectricandMagneticFieldslevelsatthe selectedstudyareasandarecomparedwithfieldmeasurements.TheElectricandMagneticField modelingstudiespresentedinthisreportaddresstypicalandworstcasetransmissionsystem operationscenarioswhichwillincludetypicaldayloadconditionswhichwillbeusedtovalidate measuredfieldlevelsattheselectedsitelocations,fiscal200607annualaverageloadconditions (withexistingsources),fiscal201415annualaverageloadconditionswithnewlineoption,fiscal 201415andwithfiscal202627annualaverageloadconditionswithnewlineoption(whenthe lineisexpectedtoreachitsmaximumcapacity).TheloaddatathatisusedformodelingElectric andMagneticFieldsfromtheexistingsourcesaswellasfromthenewtransmissionlineis reviewedjointlywithBCTCfordatavalidation.
5.0
TheprimarypurposeofthefieldassessmentistomeasuretheElectricandMagneticFields generatedbyoverheadpowerlinesusingastandardprocedure[23].SeeTable5.1forElectric andMagneticFieldstestspecificationsandtestpointstobeappliedtotypicalsegmentsduring fieldtesting. ElectricandMagneticFieldmeasurementsareperformedinthefreebodyconfigurationusing EnertechEMDEXIIElectricandMagneticFieldSurveymeters.TheEnertechEMDEXIIisan isotropicMagneticFieldmeterthatalsomeasuresandrecordssingleaxisElectricFieldstrength. TheMagneticFieldmeasurementscanbemadeineitherstationarylocationsorwitha measurementwheeltoprovidefieldvs.distancemeasurements.TheElectricandMagneticField measurementsinthisstudyareperformedinstationarylocationswiththedevicemountedtoa nonconductivetripod. Ateachstudylocationthemeasurementsareperformedwithintheareaenclosedbytwotowers andtheirrespectiveROW.Aftertheinitialsurveyofthestudylocation,ataminimumonelateral andonelongitudinaltestlinesareidentifiedtoperformtheElectricandMagneticField measurements.Theselectionofalateraltestline(LTL)isbasedonthelowestsaginformation availablefromBCTCEngineering,aswellastheheightmeasurementdatagatheredusingaLeica DISTOA5laserheightmeteratthestudylocation.Thelongitudinaltestlineisselectedunderthe centerconductorbundleunlessterrainconditionsunderthisbundlearenotfavorable.The longitudinaltestlineisselectedbasedonthepreliminarymodelingperformedforeachstudy location.
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Table5.1:ElectricandMagneticFieldsTestSpecifications(withinROW)
Thelateraltestlineismarkedtoidentifytestpointsateverytwometers(2m)underthe transmissionlineconductorbundlesaswellasateveryfivemeters(5m)beyondtheouter conductorbundlesonbothsidesoftheROW.Onalateraltestline,thetestpointsextendto50m (oruptothemaximumphysicallyaccessiblelimit)beyondtheouterconductorbundlesoneach sideoftheROW.Atotalof11equallyspacedtestpointsareidentifiedalongandunderthecenter conductorbundlebetweenthetwotowers(oruptothemaximumphysicallyaccessiblelimit). Alongtermtestlocationisidentifiedunderthecenterconductorbundlebetweentwolongitudinal testpointstomeasureandlogtheElectricandMagneticFieldscontinuouslyduringtheentiretest period.ThesemeasurementsareperformedusingasecondEnertechEMDEXIIElectricand MagneticFieldSurveymeter.Temperature,humidityandbarometricpressurearealsologged continuouslyfortheentiredurationofthefieldmeasurementsusingaT&DCorporationsThermo RecorderTR73UdataloggerwithmeasurementaccuraciesforBarometricPressure:1.5hPa,for Temperature:Average0.3oCandforHumidity:5%RH. AteachtestpointtheElectricandMagneticFieldwasmeasuredforaminimumperiodof3 minutes,withallthedatatimestampedusingthelocaltime.TheElectricFielddataiscollected repeatedlyevery5secondsduringthe3minuteminimumtimeperiod.MagneticFielddatais collectedrepeatedlyevery3secondsduringthistimeperiod.TheMagneticFieldmeasurements areperformedatallthetestpointsinboththelateralandlongitudinaltestlines.Aftercompletion oftheMagneticFieldmeasurements,ElectricFieldmeasurementsareperformedatalltestpoints inatestline.Ateachtestpointandforeachfield,theheightofthecenterconductorbundleis measuredusingaLeicaGeosystemsDISTOA5laserheightmeterwithanaccuracyof1.5mm, carefullyrecordingthelocaltimeofthesemeasurements.Ateachtestpoint,thegroundelevation
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ismeasured,usingCanMeasureNAL20surveyautomaticlevelmeterhavingalevelingaccuracy of1.25cm,relativetothetestpointunderthecenterconductorbundleonthelateraltestline. Thekeyprecautionsfollowedduringthefieldmeasurementstominimizemeasurement uncertaintyareasfollows: Ateachtestpointthemeasurementsareperformedovera3minutewindowandthelocaltime isrecordedonthedatasheetduringthemeasurementstofacilitatelaterreviewofthedata togetherwiththerecordedsubstationlinevoltageandloaddata; DistancebetweenoperatorandEnertechEMDEXIImeterismaintainedataminimumof3mto minimizeanypossibledataerrorsduetoproximityeffect; ObserverislocatedintheregionofthelowestfieldstrengthwhileperformingtheElectric Fieldmeasurements; MeasurementsareperformedtoobtainthemaximumElectricFieldlevels; Thedistancebetweenthemeterandpermanentobjectsismaintainedat~3metersormoreto ensuresufficientmeasurementaccuracyoftheambientperturbedfield.Inthecasethat objectsarecloser,correctionsweremadetothemeasureddatatoaccountfortheshielding effect; ThedistancebetweentheEnertechEMDEXIImeterandpermanentmagneticobjectsshould notbelessthan1minordertoaccuratelymeasuretheambientperturbedfield; Measurementsareperformedataheightof1mabovethegroundlevel. TheEnertechEMDEXIImeterwasfactorycalibratedtoprovideatypicalaccuracyof+/1%[4]for MagneticFieldand+/4%forElectricField[5]. TheEnertechEMDEXIIisanisotropicMagneticFieldmeterthatalsomeasuresandrecordssingle axisElectricFieldstrength.TheMagneticFieldmeasurementscanbemadeineitherstationary locationsorwithameasurementwheeltoprovidefieldvs.distancemeasurements.TheElectric Fieldmeasurementswillbeperformedinstationarylocationswiththedevicemountedtoanon conductivetripodandhasanindependentlydeterminedrelativeerrorof3%[6].Tominimize measurementuncertainty,theEnertechEMDEXIImeterwasverifiedbeforeitwasplacedinuse forthefirsttimeusinga4squarecoilsystemofequalsizedesignedbyMerrittetal.[7]with reporteduniformityaccuracyofbetterthan0.2%forthesizeofa30cmcube.Whenitisfound thatthetestmeterisperformingwithinthefactoryspecifiedaccuracy,itissubsequentlyusedfor ElectricandMagneticFieldmeasurements.TheEMDEXIImeterisreverifiedusingthe4square coilsystemtoverifyitsperformancewithinthefactoryspecifiedaccuracyafterthecompletionof fieldmeasurementsatagivenstudylocation.
6.0
Methodology - Modeling
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EXPOCALC3.5[89] TheEXPOCALC3.5modulecalculatesElectricandMagneticFieldsoveratwodimensionalarea.It hastheuniqueabilitytoperformElectricFieldshieldingcalculationsfromobjectssuchas transmissiontowers,buildingsandtrees. ElectricFieldComputationalMethod TheElectricFieldcomputationalmethodusedinEXPOCALCisbasedonthetwodimensional chargesimulationmethod.Thegeneralrelationshipusedtocalculatethechargesona multiconductorsystemispresentedinmatrixforminEq.6.1: [Q] = [P]-1[V] (6.1) Where:[Q]isacolumnvectorofthelinearchargeoneachconductor; [V]isacolumnvectorofthepotentialsoftheconductors; [P]-1istheinvertedmatrixoftheMaxwellpotentialcoefficientsoftheconductors. Asetofimageconductorsisusedwithchargesoppositethoseofthetransmissionline.Theactual conductorsandtheirimagesarecharacterizedbyrealandimaginaryvoltagesanddiameters.For bundledconductors,asingleconductorwithanequivalentdiameterisused. TheElectricFieldvectorischaracterizedasarotatingellipse.TheElectricFieldcalculationsused inEXPOCALCtodeterminethemaximumvalueofthisrotatingellipseareat1maboveground, whichistheIEEE[2]recommendedmeasurementlocation.
Inthismethod,thefollowingassumptionsaremade: Theearthisaperfectconductor; Thereisnofreechargeinspace; Thepermittivityofairisequaltofreespacepermittivity; Thegroundplaneisflat; Theconductorsareinfinitelylongandparalleltotheground; Thegroundplaneisreplacedbyparallelimageconductors; Thereisnoshieldingbyobjects. ModelingwithObjectShieldEffect(RowofTrees) Groundedobjects(likeatreeorrowoftrees)cansignificantlylowertheElectricFieldbymeansof shielding.ToaccountfortheshieldingeffectinEXPOCALC,thealgorithmusesthefollowing generalforminEq.6.2: (6.2) Es=Eu-KE0 Where: Es=ElectricFieldatapointwithcorrectionforshielding; Eu=unperturbedfieldatthepointwithoutanyshieldingeffects; K=shieldingfactor(accountswithdistanceofshieldingobjectandobjecttypeand dimensions); E0=ElectricFieldthatwouldhaveexistedatcenterofshieldingobject.
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TheshieldingfactorKforarowoftreesinEq.6.3: 2 K = x 2 2h (6.3) (1 + 2 ) ln( ) h r Where:h=heighttocenterofcrown; r=radiusofcrown(w/2); x=distancefromthetree. MagneticFieldcomputationalmethod TheMagneticFieldofalineisproducedbythecurrentthroughtheline.TheMagneticFieldof transmissionlinesiscalculatedusingatwodimensionalanalysisassumingparallellinesovera flatearth.Formanypurposes,itisentirelyadequatetoconsiderconductorsinfreespacewithout anyimages,asthisoftengivesacloserapproximationtogroundlevelfieldsthanassuminga perfectlyconductingearth ThebasicequationforcalculatingtheMagneticFieldofalong,straightwireisderivedfrom Ampere'sLawandgiveninEq.6.4: H = i/(2r) (6.4) Where: H=MagneticField(A/m); i=valueofelectriccurrentinwire(Amperes); r=distancebetweenwireandpointofinterest(meters). ThefundamentalunitfortheMagneticFieldintensity,H,istheAmperepermeter(A/m).Touse themagneticfluxdensity,Binmilligauss(mG),therelationshipbetweenHandBisgiveninEq. (65). B = H (65) Where:B=MagneticFluxDensity(Gauss); H=MagneticField(A/m); =Permeabilityconstantusedforbothairandground(4x107Henry/m). (Note:anadditionalconstant(106)isalsoincludedinthistermfortheconversiontomG.)
Figure6.1:Treedimension
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AswiththeElectricFieldcalculationinEXPOCALC,themaximumcalculatedvalueofMagnetic Fieldisreturnedtotheprogram. Inthismethod,thefollowingassumptionsaremade: Theearthisaperfectconductor; Thegroundplaneisflat; Theconductorsareinfinitelylongandparalleltotheground; Thereisnoshieldingbyobjects. SUBCALC2.0[10] SUBCALC2.0modelstheMagneticFieldinandaroundtransmissionlines,aswellastransmission anddistributionsubstations.Inadditiontotransmissionlines,primarydistributionlines,and undergroundcables,substationequipmentsuchasbuses,circuitbreakers,powertransformers, aircorereactors/wavetrapsandcapacitorbankscanbeincludedaspartofthemodelfor calculatingMagneticFields. InSUBCALC2.0,theMagneticFieldoftransmissionlinesiscalculatedusingathreedimensional analysisanditisabletomodelcrossinglinesoveraflatearth.Theprogramallowstheresultsto beviewedas3Dandcontourmaps.Profileplotscanalsobeusedwhichshowthemagnitudeand phaseangleoftheMagneticFieldcomponentsalongauserdefinedtraverse. SUBCALC models a complex array of line segments and treats each segment as a finite current filament.TheMagneticFieldproducedbyeachfilamentiscalculatedandthensummedtoobtain thetotalMagneticFieldinthemodelworld.Acoordinationsystemwithapowerline L isshown asFig6.2.
Figure6.2:MagneticFieldCalculation
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(6.6) Where: H=the Magnetic Field intensityand has units ofampere per meter (A/m). From this the magneticfluxdensityB,alsoreferredtoastheMagneticFieldH,isobtainedfromEq.65. TodeterminethecontributiontotheMagneticFieldofeachsegmentinthemodelataspecified pointPinFig.62,SUBCALCusestheequationafterintegratedasfollows:
(6.7)
TheEMFWorkstationsoftwaremodelstheElectricandMagneticFieldsfromthetransmission linesinagivenstudyareabasedonthefollowingkeyinformation: InformationrelatedtostudyareasuchasROWdistancesoneithersidefromtheouter conductoroftheexistingandnewtransmissionlines[11],typeofshieldingobjects,their dimensionandlocationwithangleoforientation(informationgatheredfromthepreliminary sitevisits); Informationrelatedtoexistingandnewtransmissionlinessuchasattachpointheights, minimumsagandlocation,spacingbetweenallconductorbundles,numberofconductorsin eachbundle,conductordiameter,conductorspacingwithinthebundle,linetolinevoltagefor eachphase,lineloadangle,lineloadcurrentforeachphaseandtowertotowerdistance (span); Theshieldingobjectsareassumedtobeeitherasingletreeorrowoftreesoravertical cylinderoraBoxoracombinationincludingdescriptionofobjectmodel,modelinputs,and modelverification. ThekeystudylocationandcircuitrelatedparametersrequiredformodelingElectricandMagnetic Fieldsforfiscal200607,201415and202627areprovidedbyBCTCEngineeringgroupandare summarizedbelowinTable6.1.Assumedconductorheightsforthenewcircuitwerebasedon existingconductorheightsattheselocations. Thecircuitrelatedannualaverageloadparameters arealsocomputedfromtheloaddataprovidedbyBCTCEngineeringgroupforthesefiscalyears andarepresentedbelowinTable6.2.
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Table6.1:ModelingParametersforStudyLocationsandCircuits
Table6.2:AnnualAverageLoadParametersforCircuits
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KeyAssumptions: TheEMFWorkstationsoftwareisusedtomodeltheElectricandMagneticFieldsofthe transmissionlinesusingthefollowingkeyassumptions: Alltheexistingcircuitssuchas5L81,5L82,5L41and3L2inthegivenstudyareasaremodeled asFLATconfigurations.InthecaseofthePQMile101location,the5L82circuithasa transpositionconfigurationandaccordinglythislocationwasmodeledusingthetransposition informationprovidedbyBCTCEngineeringgroup; TheterrainisassumedtobeflatandperfectlyconductingforFiscal200607,201415and 202627predictionstudiesofElectricandMagneticFieldsmodeling; Thenew500kVcircuit(5L83)ismodeledasDELTAconfigurationexceptatthePQMile101 studylocation.Atthislocation5L83ismodeledasFLATconfiguration; Fiscal200607,201415and202627MagneticFieldmodelingpredictionsEXPOCALC3.5was usedforallstudyareasexceptPQMile101wheretheSUBCALC2.0wasusedduetothe crossoverconfigurationsofthetransmissionlines; Fiscal200607,201415and202627ElectricFieldmodelingpredictions,aswellasmeasured datavalidationEXPOCALC3.5wasusedforallstudylocations; Theloadphaseanglesfor5L83circuitareassumedtobe0,240,and120forphasesA,C,B respectively. TheUVstudylocationisalsousedtovalidatetheEXPOCALC3.5andSUBCALC2.0modeling accuracies.Themodeleddatawascomparedtothemeasureddataandthereisgoodagreement betweenthetwomodules.SubsequentlySUBCALC2.0isusedtomodeltheMagneticFieldforall studyareasmeasurementdatavalidation. TominimizethestudylocationElectricandMagneticFieldmodeluncertaintyandtoimprovethe ElectricandMagneticFieldsmodelingaccuracy,thefollowinginformationisgathered:elevation informationismeasuredateachtestpointalongwiththemeasuredheightsforalltheconductor bundles,maximummeasuredfieldlevelsaredeterminedfromthe3minutemeasurementtime window,maximumlinevoltageandloadcurrentduringthesamemeasurementtimewindoware used.BasedontheinternalstudiesperformedonthemodelingaccuracyofElectricandMagnetic Fields,forthetestpointsundertheconductorbundlesitisnecessarytoconsidertheelevation profileoftheterrain,andforthetestpointsawayfromtheouterconductorbundlesonly conductorbundleheightcorrectionsaresufficient.ForElectricFieldmodelvalidation,the shieldingeffectduetoobjectsisusedtocorrectfortheeffectofobjectsintherespectivestudy locations. Usingthemethoddescribedabove,eachstudylocationsElectricandMagneticFields measurementsareverifiedusingmodelingwithanaccuracyof+/2%forMagneticFieldand+/ 10%forElectricField.Thisisbetteraccuracythanindustrystandardpractice.
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7.0
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Site1: PRINCETONMERRITTHWY97C:SegmentA2BTower14/415/1
TOPVIEW
SIDEVIEW
Figure7.1.1:TopandSideViewsoftheA2BStudyLocation
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KeyObservationsoftheStudyLocation: Towers14/4of5L81and5L82arebothlocatedhighonahill.Theconductorsdropdown overuneventerrainandacrossa4lanehighway(97C)totowers15/1.Towers15/1residein anareasurroundedbytreesandwithsomelowgroundareasfullofwater.Thetreeline aroundtowers15/1beganapproximately340mfromtowers14/4.Oneachsideofthe highwaythereisa~10'highfence.Asinglephasepowerpolecircuitwithafiberlineonit bisectsunderboth5L81&5L82totheeastofthehighway.Adrainageconduitislocated undertheroadjusttotheoutsideoftheouterconductoron5L82.Thelandwasrelativelydry withonlyshortnativegrassesgrowingonit.Thetreesthatoccupiedtheareafrom340mto thetowers15/1preventedanymeasurementsundertheconductorbundlesforthis140m longregion.TherewerenotreestoeithersideoftheROWovertheremainingstudyarea.The lateraltestlineat240metersfromTowers14/4wasrelativelysmoothprairietypeland.The lateraltestlineat315meterswashardpackedsoilfromarecentroadconstructionupgrade thatresurfacedthehighwayandaddedthisareaasahighwayshoulder. SignificantamountsofmoistureintheairanddrizzlewaspresentduringtheElectricField measurementsatthe240mlateraltestline. DescriptionofResults: TheElectricandMagneticFieldmeasurementsatthe240mlateraltestlineandthe315mlateral testlinefromtower14/4aswellasthelongitudinalmeasurementsundertherightouter conductorbundleof5L82wereperformedusingtheproceduredescribedinsection6.0.InFigure 7.1.2andTable7.1.1,themeasuredvs.modeledMagneticFieldlevelsarepresentedinachartand atabularformatforthe240mlateraltestline.TheestimatedmaximumandminimumMagnetic FieldlevelsbeyondbothsidesoftheROWarepresented.Fieldmeasurementsintheseregions werenotperformedduetovegetationandterrainconditions.TheMAXMagneticFieldcurvedata iscalculatedusingthemaximumloadcurrentaswellastheminimumheightsmeasuredfromall conductorbundlesduringthetimeoftheactualfieldstudyforthelateraltestline.Similarly,the MINMagneticFieldcurvedataiscalculatedusingtheminimumloadcurrentaswellasmaximum heightsmeasuredfromallconductorbundlesduringthetimeoftheactualfieldstudyforthe lateraltestline.ThemeasurementsandmodeledMagneticFielddataarepresentedasafunction ofthedistancefromthecenterofthe5L82circuitto200moneitherside.Inthesamefigure,the separationdistanceofothercircuits(5L81),ROWboundariesoneithersideofthecircuitsaswell as25m,50m,75m,and100mlocationsoneithersideofthecircuitsfromtheedgeoftheROWare alsomarked. InFigure7.1.4andTable7.1.3themeasuredvs.modeledMagneticFieldlevelsinachartformat andatabularformatarepresentedforthe315mlateraltestline.Themeasuredvs.modeled ElectricFieldlevelsfor240mand315mlateraltestlinesarepresentedinFigure7.1.3/Table7.1.2 andFigure7.1.5/Table7.1.4respectively.Themeasuredvs.modeledlongitudinalprofileof MagneticandElectricFieldsarepresentedinFigure7.1.6/Table7.1.5andFigure7.1.7/Table 7.1.6,respectively. Allmeasurementsperformedatthisstudylocationarefoundtobeingoodagreementwiththe calculationsusingstudylocationspecificmodelsandarewithin+/2%forMagneticFieldand+/ 10%forElectricField.
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Figure7.1.2:Measurementvs.ModelingofMagneticFieldforA2BSegment:240mLateral Profile
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Figure7.1.3:Measurementvs.ModelingofElectricFieldforA2BSegment:240mLateral Profile
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Table7.1.2:Measurementvs.ModelingofElectricFieldforA2BSegment:240mLateral Profile
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Figure7.1.4:Measurementvs.ModelingofMagneticFieldforA2BSegment:315mLateral Profile
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Figure7.1.5:Measurementvs.ModelingofElectricFieldforA2BSegment:315mLateral Profile
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Figure7.1.6:Measurementvs.ModelingofMagneticFieldforA2BSegment:Longitudinal Profile TheMEANCurverepresentsthetrendlinefittedwithpolynomialoforder6formodeledMagnetic Fieldateverymeasuredlongitudinaltestpointusingitsrespectivemeasuredparameters. MEANCurve:4E12x6+6E09x53E06x4+0.0009x30.0904x2+2.4937x+160.56. TheMAX/MINCurverepresentthetrendlinefittedwithpolynomialoforder6formodeled MagneticFieldateverymeasuredlongitudinaltestpointusingitsrespectivemeasuredMAXand MINparameters. MAXCurve:4E12x6+6E09x53E06x4+0.0009x30.0904x2+2.4937x+170.85. MINCurve:4E12x6+6E09x53E06x4+0.0009x30.0904x2+2.4937x+151.03. Page 30
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Figure7.1.7:Measurementvs.ModelingofElectricFieldforA2BSegment:Longitudinal Profile
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Site2: SPUZZUM:SegmentGHTower479/1479/2
TOPVIEW
SIDEVIEW
Figure7.2.1:TopandSideViewsoftheGHStudyLocation
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KeyObservationsoftheStudyLocation: Thecircuit5L41fromTower479/1risesupwardstoTower479/2. Thereissignificanttree,shrubandfoliagegrowththatwasleveled/mulchedbyaHydroAxe. Thisleftthegroundheavilycoveredwithmulchandfallentimber.Thelandwascleared (~55%)withintheROWfromTower479/1toadistanceofapproximately175m.The remaining150mofspanwasnotclearedbecausetheHydroAxecouldnotmanagethe elevationchangefromthe175mpointuptoTower479/2.Thisuncutregionwasheavily forestedandpreventedanymeasurementsfrombeingperformed. AcemeteryislocatedjustoutsideoftheROWontheNorthwestside.Thecemeteryis surroundedbya~1mchainlinkfence. Thesoilwasverydry. Alateraltestlinewasestablishedat122mfromTower479/1andextendedfromthecemetery fenceallthewayto50munderthecanopyoftreesalongtheSouthwestsideoftheROW. ThetreesalongtheROWwerelocated~15mfromtheouterconductorbundles. DescriptionofResults: TheElectricandMagneticFieldmeasurementsatthe122mlateraltestlinefromtower479/1as wellasthelongitudinalmeasurementsunderthecenterconductorbundleof5L41were performedatthislocationusingtheproceduredescribedinsection6.0.InFigure7.2.2andTable 7.2.1themeasuredvs.modeledMagneticFieldlevelsarepresentedinachartandatabularformat forthe122mlateraltestline.TheestimatedmaximumandminimumMagneticFieldlevels beyondbothsidesoftheROWarepresented.Fieldmeasurementsintheseregionswerenot performedduetovegetationandterrainconditions.TheMAXMagneticFieldcurvedatais calculatedusingthemaximumloadcurrentaswellastheminimumheightsmeasuredfromall conductorbundlesduringthetimeoftheactualfieldstudyforthelateraltestline.Similarly,the MINMagneticFieldcurvedataiscalculatedusingtheminimumloadcurrentaswellasthe maximumheightsmeasuredfromallconductorbundlesduringthetimeoftheactualfieldstudy forthelateraltestline.ThemeasurementsandmodeledMagneticFielddataispresentedasa functionofthedistancefromthecenterofthe5L41circuitto200moneitherside.Inthesame figure,ROWboundariesoneithersideofthecircuitsaswellas25m,50m,75m,and100m locationsoneithersideofthecircuitsfromtheedgeoftheROWarealsomarked. Themeasuredvs.modeledElectricFieldlevelsforthe122mlateraltestlineispresentedinFigure 7.2.3andTable7.2.2respectively.Themeasuredvs.modeledlongitudinalprofileofMagneticand ElectricFieldsarepresentedinFigure7.2.4/Table7.2.3andFigure7.2.5/Table7.2.4,respectively. Allmeasurementsperformedatthisstudylocationarefoundtobeingoodagreementwiththe calculationsusingstudylocationspecificmodelsandarewithin+/2%forMagneticFieldand+/ 10%forElectricField.
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Table7.2.2:Measurementvs.ModelingofElectricFieldforGHSegment:122mLateral Profile
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Figure7.2.4:Measurementvs.ModelingofMagneticFieldforGHSegment:Longitudinal Profile TheMEANCurverepresentsthetrendlinefittedwithpolynomialoforder6formodeledMagnetic Fieldateverymeasuredlongitudinaltestpointusingitsrespectivemeasuredparameters. MEANCurve: 6E10x5+4E07x48E05x3+0.0053x2+0.0165x+40.504. TheMAX/MINCurverepresentthetrendlinefittedwithpolynomialoforder6formodeled MagneticFieldateverymeasuredlongitudinaltestpointusingitsrespectivemeasuredMAXand MINparameters. MAXCurve:6E10x5+4E07x48E05x3+0.0053x2+0.0165x+51.264. MINCurve:6E10x5+4E07x48E05x3+0.0053x2+0.0165x+31.231. Page 39
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Figure7.2.5:Measurementvs.ModelingofElectricFieldforGHSegment:Longitudinal Profile TheMEANCurverepresentsthetrendlinefittedwithpolynomialoforder6formodeledElectric Fieldateverymeasuredlongitudinaltestpointusingitsrespectivemeasuredparameters. MEANCurve: 1E11x5+1E08x42E06x3+0.0002x20.0032x+0.4088. TheMAX/MINCurverepresentthetrendlinefittedwithpolynomialoforder6formodeled ElectricFieldateverymeasuredlongitudinaltestpointusingitsrespectivemeasuredMAXand MINparameters. MAXCurve: 1E11x5+1E08x42E06x3+0.0002x20.0032x+0.6488. MINCurve: 1E11x5+1E08x42E06x3+0.0002x20.0032x+0.2543. Page 41
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Site3: SouthofYALE:SegmentJKTower489/3489/4
TOPVIEW
SIDEVIEW
Figure7.3.1:TopandSideViewsoftheJKStudyLocation
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KeyObservationsoftheStudyLocation: Sitewaslocatedinahighermountainousregion.Theareawaspartiallycleared(~60%)with aHydroAxe.ThelandfromTower489/3to~180mwascoveredinheavyforestandasteep gradethatpreventedusfromperforminganymeasurementsinthisarea. Theclearedlandwascoveredinheavymulch,roots,treesstumpsandtimber.Theterrainwas veryunevenanddifficulttoestablishlevelmeasurementareas.TallevergreenslinedtheROW edgesandweresituated~1015mfromtheouterconductors. ALaterallinewasestablishedat193mfromTower489/3.Thislinewashandclearedofthe largerbranches.Therewasathicklayerofmulchacrossthelandandaninaccessible2meter widegulleythatcrossedbetweentheCCBandROCB.Measurementswereextendedfrom10m outsidetheROCBto15outsidetheLOCB. DescriptionofResults: TheElectricandMagneticFieldmeasurementsatthe193mlateraltestlinefromTower489/3as wellasthelongitudinalmeasurementsundertheleftouterconductorbundle(LOCB)of5L41 wereperformedatthislocationusingtheproceduredescribedinsection6.0.InFigure7.3.2and Table7.3.1themeasuredvs.modeledMagneticFieldlevelsarepresentedinachartandatabular formatforthe193mlateraltestline.TheestimatedmaximumandminimumMagneticFieldlevels beyondbothsidesoftheROWarepresented.Fieldmeasurementsintheseregionswerenot performedduetovegetationandterrainconditions.TheMAXMagneticFieldcurvedatais calculatedusingthemaximumloadcurrentaswellastheminimumheightsmeasuredfromall conductorbundlesduringthetimeoftheactualfieldstudyforthelateraltestline.Similarly,the MINMagneticFieldcurvedataiscalculatedusingtheminimumloadcurrentaswellasthe maximumheightsmeasuredfromallconductorbundlesduringthetimeoftheactualfieldstudy forthelateraltestline.ThemeasurementsandmodeledMagneticFielddataispresentedasa functionofthedistancefromthecenterofthe5L41circuitto200moneitherside.Inthesame figure,ROWboundariesoneithersideofthecircuitsaswellas25m,50m,75m,and100m locationsoneithersideofthecircuitsfromtheedgeoftheROWarealsomarked. ThemeasurementaccuracyforMagneticFieldatthisstudylocationisestimatedtobe+1.5%and 3.9%whichisasignificantdeparturefrom+/2%establishedatotherlocations.Furtherreview ofthelateraltestlineelevationmeasurementdataandlongtermMagneticFieldmeasurement dataindicatedthatmeasurementsareaccuratewithin+/2%.However,theloaddatausedfor modelingtheMagneticFieldprofileshowedsignificantvariationswhicharenotconsistentwith theMagneticFielddatafromlongtermmeasurements. Themeasuredvs.modeledElectricFieldlevelsforthe193mmlateraltestlineispresentedin Figure7.3.3andTable7.3.2respectively.Themeasuredvs.modeledlongitudinalprofileof MagneticandElectricFieldsarepresentedinFigure7.3.4/Table7.3.3andFigure7.3.5/Table 7.3.4,respectively. Allmeasurementsperformedatthisstudylocationarefoundtobeingoodagreementwiththe calculationsusingstudylocationspecificmodelsusingdulycorrectedlineloaddatabasedonthe longtermmeasurementsandarewithin+/2%forMagneticFieldand+/10%forElectricField.
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Figure7.3.2:Measurementvs.ModelingofMagneticFieldforJKSegment:193mLateral Profile
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Figure7.3.3:Measurementvs.ModelingofElectricFieldforJKSegment:193mLateral Profile
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Table7.3.2:Measurementvs.ModelingofElectricFieldforJKSegment:193mLateral Profile
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Figure7.3.4:Measurementvs.ModelingofMagneticFieldforJKSegment:Longitudinal Profile TheMEANCurverepresentsthetrendlinefittedwithpolynomialoforder6formodeledMagnetic Fieldateverymeasuredlongitudinaltestpointusingitsrespectivemeasuredparameters. MEANCurve: 1E10x51E07x4+5E05x30.0104x2+1.1318x+8.8431. TheMAX/MINCurverepresentthetrendlinefittedwithpolynomialoforder6formodeled MagneticFieldateverymeasuredlongitudinaltestpointusingitsrespectivemeasuredMAXand MINparameters. MAXCurve: 1E10x51E07x4+5E05x30.0104x2+1.1318x+19.0331. MINCurve: 1E10x51E07x4+5E05x30.0104x2+1.1318x+0.0631.
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Figure7.3.5:Measurementvs.ModelingofElectricFieldforJKSegment:Longitudinal Profile TheMEANCurverepresentsthetrendlinefittedwithpolynomialoforder6formodeledElectric Fieldateverymeasuredlongitudinaltestpointusingitsrespectivemeasuredparameters. MEANCurve: 5E12x56E09x4+2E06x30.0002x2+0.0224x+1.6463. TheMAX/MINCurverepresentthetrendlinefittedwithpolynomialoforder6formodeled ElectricFieldateverymeasuredlongitudinaltestpointusingitsrespectivemeasuredMAXand MINparameters. MAXCurve: 5E12x56E09x4+2E06x30.0002x2+0.0224x+1.9063. MINCurve: 5E12x56E09x4+2E06x30.0002x2+0.0224x+1.4963. Page 50
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Site4: HARRISONHOTSPRINGS:SegmentPQ101Tower101/1101/2
Figure7.4.1:TopViewfortheStudyLocationPQMile101Segment
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Site5: CHEHALIS:SegmentPQTower109/1109/2
TOPVIEW
SIDEVIEW
Figure7.5.1:TopandSideViewsofthePQMile109StudyLocations
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KeyObservationsoftheStudyLocation: ThelandbetweenTowers109/1109/2was~95%clearedwithaHydroAxe. Thereweresometreesstumpsremainingandalotofmulchontheground. TothenorththeROWwaslinedwithtallevergreens~20mfromtheouterconductorbundle. TothesouththeROWwaslinedwithbrush,tallgrassandweeds.Theterrainwasrelatively flatwiththeexceptionoftheTower109/1whichwaslocateduponarockplateau~15mhigh thatextendedout~40mfromitsbase. Theweatherwashotanddry. ALaterallinewasestablishedat231mfromTower109/1.Theareaherewasrelativelyflat andclearofheavymulch.Ameasurementpoint20moutsidetheROCBwasestablishednear theROWtreeline.Aditchofbushandfallentreespreventeda15mtestpointonthissideof theconductors.Thelaterallinewasextendedtoamaximumof20meteroutsidetheLOCB. Bush,treesandgrasspreventedestablishingitafurtherdistance. DescriptionofResults: TheElectricandMagneticFieldmeasurementsatthe231mlateraltestlinefromTower109/1as wellasthelongitudinalmeasurementsunderthecenterconductorbundleof5L82were performedatthislocationusingtheproceduredescribedinsection6.0.InFigure7.5.2andTable 7.5.1themeasuredvs.modeledMagneticFieldlevelsarepresentedinachartandatabularformat forthe231mlateraltestline.TheestimatedmaximumandminimumMagneticFieldlevels beyondbothsidesoftheROWarepresented.Fieldmeasurementsintheseregionswerenot performedduetovegetationandterrainconditions.TheMAXMagneticFieldcurvedatais calculatedusingthemaximumloadcurrentaswellastheminimumheightsmeasuredfromall conductorbundlesduringthetimeoftheactualfieldstudyforthelateraltestline.Similarly,the MINMagneticFieldcurvedataiscalculatedusingtheminimumloadcurrentaswellasthe maximumheightsmeasuredfromallconductorbundlesduringthetimeoftheactualfieldstudy forthelateraltestline.ThemeasurementsandmodeledMagneticFielddataispresentedasa functionofthedistancefromthecenterofthe5L82circuitto200moneitherside.Inthesame figure,ROWboundariesoneithersideofthecircuitsaswellas25m,50m,75m,and100m locationsoneithersideofthecircuitsfromtheedgeoftheROWarealsomarked. Themeasuredvs.modeledElectricFieldlevelsforthe231mlateraltestlineispresentedinFigure 7.5.3andTable7.5.2respectively.Themeasuredvs.modeledlongitudinalprofileofMagneticand ElectricFieldsarepresentedinFigure7.5.4/Table7.5.3andFigure7.5.5/Table7.5.4,respectively. Allmeasurementsperformedatthisstudylocationarefoundtobeingoodagreementwiththe calculationsusingstudylocationspecificmodelsandarewithin+/2%forMagneticFieldand+/ 10%forElectricField.
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Figure7.5.2:Measurementvs.ModelingofMagneticFieldforPQMile109Segment:231m LateralProfile
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Figure7.5.3:Measurementvs.ModelingofElectricFieldforPQMile109Segment:231m LateralProfile
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Table7.5.2:Measurementvs.ModelingofElectricFieldforPQMile109Segment:231m LateralProfile
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Figure7.5.4:Measurementvs.ModelingofMagneticFieldforPQMile109Segment: LongitudinalProfile TheMEANCurverepresentsthetrendlinefittedwithpolynomialoforder3formodeledMagnetic Fieldateverymeasuredlongitudinaltestpointusingitsrespectivemeasuredparameters. MEANCurve: 2E05x3+0.0059x20.121x+56.52. TheMAX/MINCurverepresentthetrendlinefittedwithpolynomialoforder3formodeled MagneticFieldateverymeasuredlongitudinaltestpointusingitsrespectivemeasuredMAXand MINparameters. MAXCurve: 2E05x3+0.0059x20.121x+65.458. MINCurve: 2E05x3+0.0059x20.121x+47.476.
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TheMEANCurverepresentsthetrendlinefittedwithpolynomialoforder3formodeledElectric Fieldateverymeasuredlongitudinaltestpointusingitsrespectivemeasuredparameters. MEANCurve: 1E06x3+0.0004x20.0147x+0.86. TheMAX/MINCurverepresentthetrendlinefittedwithpolynomialoforder3formodeled ElectricFieldateverymeasuredlongitudinaltestpointusingitsrespectivemeasuredMAXand MINparameters. MAXCurve: 1E06x3+0.0004x20.0147x+1.065. MINCurve: 1E06x3+0.0004x20.0147x+0.712.
Figure7.5.5:Measurementvs.ModelingofElectricFieldforPQMile109Segment: LongitudinalProfile
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Site6: MISSION,EastofStaveLake:SegmentRSTower128/4129/1
TOPVIEW
SIDEVIEW
Figure7.6.1:TopandSideViewsoftheRSStudyLocation
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KeyObservationsoftheStudyLocation: TheROWbetween128/4and129/1wascoveredinaheavygrowthoftrees,shrubsand plants. Theareawasnotclearedasoriginallyplanned. Aforestryroadbisectedthesegmentveryclose(~24m)totower128/4. Lateralprofilemeasurementswereperformedontheroad,nolongitudinalprofiletestingwas donebecausethegrowthpreventedaccessunderthelines. TheROWedgeswerelinedwithtallevergreensat~20moutsideoftheconductorbundles. Thegroundwasdryandhard. Theweatherwashotandclear. ALaterallinewasestablishedat24mfromTower128/4.Thelinewasonaforestryroadway andextendedbeyondtheROWedgesunderthetreecanopies.Anextendeddistanceof30 meterswasavailabletotheSouthsideoftheconductorsandadistanceof50meterstothe Northside. DescriptionofResults: TheElectricandMagneticFieldmeasurementsatthe24mlateraltestlinefromTower128/4were performedatthislocationusingtheproceduredescribedinsection6.0;however,thelongitudinal measurementsunderanyconductorbundleof5L82werenotperformedastheaccesstothesite undertheconductorbundlesisverydifficultduetothedensityoftrees.InFigure7.6.2andTable 7.6.1themeasuredvs.modeledMagneticFieldlevelsarepresentedinachartandatabularformat forthe24mlateraltestline.TheestimatedmaximumandminimumMagneticFieldlevelsbeyond bothsidesoftheROWarepresented.Fieldmeasurementsintheseregionswerenotperformed duetovegetationandterrainconditions.TheMAXMagneticFieldcurvedataiscalculatedusing themaximumloadcurrentaswellastheminimumheightsmeasuredfromallconductorbundles duringthetimeoftheactualfieldstudyforthelateraltestline.Similarly,theMINMagneticField curvedataiscalculatedusingtheminimumloadcurrentaswellasthemaximumheights measuredfromallconductorbundlesduringthetimeoftheactualfieldstudyforthelateraltest line.ThemeasurementsandmodeledMagneticFielddataispresentedasafunctionofthe distancefromthecenterofthe5L82circuitto200moneitherside.Inthesamefigure,ROW boundariesoneithersideofthecircuitsaswellas25m,50m,75m,and100mlocationsoneither sideofthecircuitsfromtheedgeoftheROWarealsomarked. Themeasuredvs.modeledElectricFieldlevelsforthe24mlateraltestlineispresentedinFigure 7.6.3andTable7.6.2respectively.ThemodeledlongitudinalprofileofMagneticandElectric FieldsarepresentedinFigure7.6.4/Table7.6.3andFigure7.6.5/Table7.6.4,respectively. Allmeasurementsperformedatthisstudylocationarefoundtobeingoodagreementwiththe calculationsusingstudylocationspecificmodelsandarewithin+/2%forMagneticFieldand+/ 10%forElectricField.
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Figure7.6.2:Measurementvs.ModelingofMagneticFieldforRSSegment:24mLateral Profile
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Figure7.6.3:Measurementvs.ModelingofElectricFieldforRSSegment:24mLateral Profile
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Table7.6.2:Measurementvs.ModelingofElectricFieldforRSSegment:24mLateral Profile
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Figure7.6.4:ModelingofMagneticFieldforRSSegment:LongitudinalProfile TheMEANCurverepresentsthetrendlinefittedwithpolynomialoforder3formodeledMagnetic Fieldateverymeasuredlongitudinaltestpointusingitsrespectivemeasuredparameters. MEANCurve: 4E06x30.0005x2+0.5657x+43.87. TheMAX/MINCurverepresentthetrendlinefittedwithpolynomialoforder3formodeled MagneticFieldateverymeasuredlongitudinaltestpointusingitsrespectivemeasuredMAXand MINparameters. MAXCurve:4E06x30.0005x2+0.5657x+53.98. MINCurve:4E06x30.0005x2+0.5657x+35.27.
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Table7.6.3: ModelingofMagneticFieldforRSSegment:LongitudinalProfile
Table7.6.4: ModelingofElectricFieldforRSSegment:LongitudinalProfile
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Figure7.6.5:ModelingofElectricFieldforRSSegment:LongitudinalProfile TheMEANCurverepresentsthetrendlinefittedwithpolynomialoforder3formodeledElectric Fieldateverymeasuredlongitudinaltestpointusingitsrespectivemeasuredparameters. MEANCurve: 3E08x36E05x2+0.0207x0.1906. TheMAX/MINCurverepresentthetrendlinefittedwithpolynomialoforder3formodeled ElectricFieldateverymeasuredlongitudinaltestpointusingitsrespectivemeasuredMAXand MINparameters. MAXCurve: 3E08x36E05x2+0.0207x0.0606. MINCurve: 3E08x36E05x2+0.0207x0.3306.
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Site7: WESTWOODPLATEAU:SegmentUV,Tower153/5154/1
TOPVIEW
SIDEVIEW
Figure7.7.1:TopandSideViewsoftheUVStudyLocation
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KeyObservationsoftheStudyLocation: Thelandbeneaththelineswasrelativelyflat. TheROWedgeswerelinedwithtallevergreensanddeciduoustrees~1015mfromthe conductorbundlesformostofthesegmentlengthonbothsides. TheentireROWwascoveredwithamixoftallgrass,shrubsandbush. Theoverallareawasntcleared/mowedbutapathwayprovidedaslightclearingat237meters wherelateralmeasurementsweretaken.Atthetimeofthemeasurementstheweatherwas overcastwithsomeperiodsofrain. Thislateralallowedmeasurementstobetakentoa50mdistanceoutsidetheROCB,througha smalltreecanopyandouttoapavedparkinglot. Asecondlateralcrosssectionwasmadebyhandclearingalocation145meters.Vegetation growthpreventedmeasurementsbeyond10moftheouterconductors.Atthetimeofthe measurementstheweatherwasovercastwithsomeperiodsofrain. SignificantamountsmoistureintheairanddrizzlewaspresentduringtheElectricField measurementatthe237mlateraltestline. DescriptionofResults: TheElectricandMagneticFieldmeasurementsatthe145mand237mlateraltestlinesfrom Tower153/5aswellasthelongitudinalmeasurementsunderthecenterconductorbundlefor MagneticFieldand5mawayfromleftouterconductorbundleof5L82forElectricFieldwere performedatthislocationusingtheproceduredescribedinsection6.0.InFigure7.7.2andTable 7.7.1themeasuredvs.modeledMagneticFieldlevelsarepresentedinachartandatabularformat forthe237mlateraltestline.InFigure7.7.4andTable7.7.3themeasuredvs.modeledMagnetic Fieldlevelsarepresentedinachartandatabularformatforthe145mlateraltestline.The estimatedmaximumandminimumMagneticFieldlevelsbeyondbothsidesoftheROWare presented.Fieldmeasurementsintheseregionswerenotperformedduetovegetationand terrainconditions.TheMAXMagneticFieldcurvedataiscalculatedusingthemaximumload currentaswellastheminimumheightsmeasuredfromallconductorbundlesduringthetimeof theactualfieldstudyforthelateraltestline.Similarly,theMINMagneticFieldcurvedatais calculatedusingtheminimumloadcurrentaswellasthemaximumheightsmeasuredfromall conductorbundlesduringthetimeoftheactualfieldstudyforthelateraltestline.The measurementsandmodeledMagneticFielddataispresentedasafunctionofthedistancefrom thecenterofthe5L81circuitto200moneitherside.Inthesamefigure,ROWboundarieson eithersideofthecircuitsaswellas25m,50m,75m,and100mlocationsoneithersideofthe circuitsfromtheedgeoftheROWarealsomarked. Themeasuredvs.modeledElectricFieldlevelsfor237mand145mlateraltestlinesarepresented inFigure7.7.3/Table7.7.2andFigure7.7.5/Table7.7.4,respectively.Themeasuredvs.modeled longitudinalprofileofMagneticandElectricFieldsarepresentedinFigure7.7.6/Table7.7.5and Figure7.7.7/Table7.7.6,respectively. Allmeasurementsperformedatthisstudylocationarefoundtobeingoodagreementwiththe calculationsusingstudylocationspecificmodelsandarewithin+/2%forMagneticFieldand+/ 10%forElectricField.
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Figure7.7.2:Measurementvs.ModelingofMagneticFieldforUVSegment:237mLateral Profile
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Figure7.7.3:Measurementvs.ModelingofElectricFieldforUVSegment:237mLateral Profile
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Table7.7.2:Measurementvs.ModelingofElectricFieldforUVSegment:237mLateral Profile
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Figure7.7.4:Measurementvs.ModelingofMagneticFieldforUVSegment:145mLateral Profile
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Figure7.7.5:Measurementvs.ModelingofElectricFieldforUVSegment:145mLateral Profile
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Table7.7.4:Measurementvs.ModelingofElectricFieldforUVSegment:145mLateral Profile
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TheMEANCurverepresentsthetrendlinefittedwithpolynomialoforder3formodeledMagnetic Fieldateverymeasuredlongitudinaltestpointusingitsrespectivemeasuredparameters. MEANCurve: 7E06x3+0.0008x2+0.4234x+148.87. TheMAX/MINCurverepresentthetrendlinefittedwithpolynomialoforder3formodeled MagneticFieldateverymeasuredlongitudinaltestpointusingitsrespectivemeasuredMAXand MINparameters. MAXCurve: 7E06x3+0.0008x2+0.4234x+159.83. MINCurve: 7E06x3+0.0008x2+0.4234x+139.91. Page 80
Figure7.7.6:Measurementvs.ModelingofMagneticFieldforUVSegment:Longitudinal Profile
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TheMEANCurverepresentsthetrendlinefittedwithpolynomialoforder6formodeledElectric Fieldateverymeasuredlongitudinaltestpointusingitsrespectivemeasuredparameters. MEANCurve: 7E11x56E08x4+2E05x30.0028x2+0.1839x+0.9855. TheMAX/MINCurverepresentthetrendlinefittedwithpolynomialoforder6formodeled ElectricFieldateverymeasuredlongitudinaltestpointusingitsrespectivemeasuredMAXand MINparameters. MAXCurve:7E11x56E08x4+2E05x30.0028x2+0.1839x+1.7455. MINCurve:7E11x56E08x4+2E05x30.0028x2+0.1839x+0.4455. Page 82
Figure7.7.7:Measurementvs.ModelingofElectricFieldforUVSegment:Longitudinal Profile
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8.0
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Site1: PRINCETONMERRITTHWY97C:SegmentA2BTower14/415/1
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KeyAssumptionsoftheStudyLocation: For5L81,5L82and5L83circuitconductorbundleheights,thedataprovidedbyBCTC Engineeringisused.For5L83circuit,thegroundisassumedtoflatwithnoelevationchange. Theearthisaperfectconductor,thereisnofreechargeinspace,thepermittivityofairisequal tofreespacepermittivity,thegroundplaneisflat,andtheconductorbundlesareinfinitely longandparalleltotheground. TheshieldingcalculationsduetoobjectsarenotincludedinthemodelingofElectricand MagneticFields. Alltheexistingcircuits5L81and5L82inthisstudylocationaremodeledasFLAT configurations. Theterrainisassumedtobeflatandperfectlyconductingforfiscal200607,201415and 202627predictionstudiesofElectricandMagneticFieldsmodeling. Theproposed500kVcircuit(5L83)ismodeledasDELTAconfiguration. Theloadphaseanglesfor5L83circuitareassumedtobe0,240,120forphasesA,C,B respectively. DescriptionofResults: TheElectricandMagneticFieldcalculationsatthe225mlaterallinefromtower14/4are performedusingtheproceduredescribedinsection6.0.InFigure8.1.2modeledMagneticField levelsarepresentedinachartandatabularformatforfiscal200607,fiscal201415andfiscal 202627usingannualaveragelineloaddata.ThecalculatedMagneticFieldlevelsbeyondboth sidesoftheROWarealsocomputedandpresentedinthesamefigure.Themeasurementsand modeledMagneticFielddataispresentedasafunctionofthedistancefromthecenterofthe5L82 circuitto200moneitherside.Inthesamefigure,theseparationdistanceofothercircuits(5L81, 5L83),ROWboundariesoneithersideofthecircuitsaswellas25m,50m,75m,and100m locationsoneithersideofthecircuitsfromtheedgeoftheROWarealsomarked. ThehighestMagneticFieldlevelswithintheROWarefoundtobeforfiscal200607:132.87mG, fiscal201415:95.73mGandfiscal202627:114.61mGandthehighestMagneticFieldlevelsatthe edgeoftheROWisobservedforfiscal200607:32.75mG,fiscal201415:23.27mGandfiscalyears 202627:13.23mG.AtonehundredmetersfromtheedgeoftheROW,theMagneticFieldlevels arereducedsignificantlyforthestudylocationandthelevelrangeisobservedtobe2.83to 3.68mG. InFigure8.1.3modeledElectricFieldlevelsfor225mlaterallinearepresented.Thehighest ElectricFieldlevelswithintheROWarefoundtobeforfiscal200607:8.81kV/m,fiscal2014 15:7.79kV/mandfiscal202627:7.75kV/mandthehighestElectricFieldlevelsattheedgeofthe ROWisobservedforfiscal200607:2.41kV/m,fiscal201415:2.49kV/mandfiscalyears2026 27:2.48kV/m.AtonehundredmetersfromtheedgeoftheROW,theElectricFieldlevelsare reducedsignificantlyforthestudylocationandthelevelrangeisobservedtobe0.03to0.09kV/m.
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Figure8.1.2:PredictedMagneticFieldofA2BSegmentatlowestsagLateralProfile(225m) Page 86
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Figure8.1.3:PredictedElectricFieldofA2BSegmentatlowestsagLateralProfile(225m)
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Site2: SPUZZUM:SegmentGHTower479/1479/2
TopView
ViewlookingfromTower14/4
Figure8.2.1:TopandEndViewfortheStudyLocationGHSegment
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KeyAssumptionsoftheStudyLocation: For5L41and5L83circuitconductorbundleheights,thedataprovidedbyBCTCEngineeringis used.For5L83circuit,thegroundisassumedtoflatwithnoelevationchange. Theearthisaperfectconductor,thereisnofreechargeinspace,thepermittivityofairisequal tofreespacepermittivity,thegroundplaneisflat,andtheconductorbundlesareinfinitely longandparalleltotheground. TheshieldingcalculationsduetoobjectsarenotincludedinthemodelingofElectricand MagneticFields. Theexistingcircuit5L41inthisstudylocationismodeledasFLATconfiguration. Theterrainisassumedtobeflatandperfectlyconductingforfiscal200607,201415and 202627predictionstudiesofElectricandMagneticFieldsmodeling. Theproposed500kVcircuit(5L83)ismodeledasDELTAconfiguration. Theloadphaseanglesfor5L83circuitareassumedtobe0,240,120forphasesA,C,B respectively. DescriptionofResults: TheElectricandMagneticFieldcalculationsatthe289mlaterallinefromtower479/1are performedusingtheproceduredescribedinsection6.0.InFigure8.2.2modeledMagneticField levelsarepresentedinachartandatabularformatforfiscal200607,fiscal201415andfiscal 202627usingannualaveragelineloaddata.ThecalculatedMagneticFieldlevelsbeyondboth sidesoftheROWarealsocomputedandpresentedinthesamefigure.Themeasurementsand modeledMagneticFielddataispresentedasafunctionofthedistancefromthecenterofthe5L82 circuitto200moneitherside.Inthesamefigure,theseparationdistanceofothercircuits(5L41, 5L83),ROWboundariesoneithersideofthecircuitsaswellas25m,50m,75m,and100m locationsoneithersideofthecircuitsfromtheedgeoftheROWarealsomarked. ThehighestMagneticFieldlevelswithintheROWarefoundtobeforfiscal200607:46.83mG, fiscal201415:43.50mGandfiscal202627:48.02mGandthehighestMagneticFieldlevelsatthe edgeoftheROWisobservedforfiscal200607:4.04mG,fiscal201415:12.58mGandfiscalyears 202627:14.78mG.AtonehundredmetersfromtheedgeoftheROW,theMagneticFieldlevels arereducedsignificantlyforthestudylocationandthelevelrangeisobservedtobe0.81to 1.73mG. InFigure8.2.3modeledElectricFieldlevelsfor289mlaterallinearepresented.Thehighest ElectricFieldlevelswithintheROWarefoundtobeforfiscal200607:4.39kV/m,fiscal2014 15:4.03kV/mandfiscal202627:4.00kV/mandthehighestElectricFieldlevelsattheedgeofthe ROWisobservedforfiscal200607:0.15kV/m,fiscal201415:1.29kV/mandfiscalyears2026 27:1.28kV/m.AtonehundredmetersfromtheedgeoftheROW,theElectricFieldlevelsare reducedsignificantlyforthestudylocationandthelevelrangeisobservedtobe0.01to0.12kV/m.
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Figure8.2.2:PredictedMagneticFieldofGHSegmentatlowestsagLateralProfile(289m)
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Figure8.2.3:PredictedElectricFieldofGHSegmentatlowestsagLateralProfile(289m) Page 91
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Site3: Yale:SegmentIJTower72/172/2
TopView
ViewlookingfromTower72/1
Figure8.3.1:TopandEndViewfortheStudyLocationIJSegment
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KeyAssumptionsoftheStudyLocation: For5L81,5L82and5L83circuitconductorbundleheights,thedataprovidedbyBCTC Engineeringisused.For5L83circuit,thegroundisassumedtoflatwithnoelevationchange. Theearthisaperfectconductor,thereisnofreechargeinspace,thepermittivityofairisequal tofreespacepermittivity,thegroundplaneisflat,andtheconductorbundlesareinfinitely longandparalleltotheground. TheshieldingcalculationsduetoobjectsarenotincludedinthemodelingofElectricand MagneticFields. Alltheexistingcircuits5L81and5L82inthisstudylocationaremodeledasFLAT configurations. Theterrainisassumedtobeflatandperfectlyconductingforfiscal200607,201415and 202627predictionstudiesofElectricandMagneticFieldsmodeling. Theproposed500kVcircuit(5L83)ismodeledasDELTAconfiguration. Theloadphaseanglesfor5L83circuitareassumedtobe0,240,120forphasesA,C,B respectively. DescriptionofResults: TheElectricandMagneticFieldcalculationsatthe631mlaterallinefromtower72/1are performedusingtheproceduredescribedinsection6.0.InFigure8.3.2modeledMagneticField levelsarepresentedinachartandatabularformatforfiscal200607,fiscal201415andfiscal 202627usingannualaveragelineloaddata.ThecalculatedMagneticFieldlevelsbeyondboth sidesoftheROWarealsocomputedandpresentedinthesamefigure.Themeasurementsand modeledMagneticFielddataispresentedasafunctionofthedistancefromthecenterofthe5L82 circuitto200moneitherside.Inthesamefigure,theseparationdistanceofothercircuits(5L81, 5L83),ROWboundariesoneithersideofthecircuitsaswellas25m,50m,75m,and100m locationsoneithersideofthecircuitsfromtheedgeoftheROWarealsomarked. ThehighestMagneticFieldlevelswithintheROWarefoundtobeforfiscal200607:136.83mG, fiscal201415:103.06mGandfiscal202627:114.88mGandthehighestMagneticFieldlevelsat theedgeoftheROWisobservedforfiscal200607:36.59mG,fiscal201415:26.18mGandfiscal years202627:30.80mG.AtonehundredmetersfromtheedgeoftheROW,theMagneticField levelsarereducedsignificantlyforthestudylocationandthelevelrangeisobservedtobe1.76to 3.65mG. InFigure8.3.3modeledElectricFieldlevelsfor631mlaterallinearepresented.Thehighest ElectricFieldlevelswithintheROWarefoundtobeforfiscal200607:10.80kV/m,fiscal2014 15:10.53kV/mandfiscal202627:10.48kV/mandthehighestElectricFieldlevelsattheedgeof theROWisobservedforfiscal200607:2.52kV/m,fiscal201415:2.48kV/mandfiscalyears2026 27:2.46kV/m.AtonehundredmetersfromtheedgeoftheROW,theElectricFieldlevelsare reducedsignificantlyforthestudylocationandthelevelrangeisobservedtobe0.03to0.16kV/m.
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Figure8.3.2:PredictedMagneticFieldofIJSegmentatlowestsagLateralProfile(631m)
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Figure8.3.3:PredictedElectricFieldofIJSegmentatlowestsagLateralProfile(631m)
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Site4: SouthofYALE:SegmentJKTower489/3489/4
TopView
ViewlookingfromTower14/4
Figure8.4.1:TopandEndViewfortheStudyLocationJKSegment
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KeyAssumptionsoftheStudyLocation: For5L41and5L83circuitconductorbundleheights,thedataprovidedbyBCTCEngineeringis used.For5L83circuit,thegroundisassumedtoflatwithnoelevationchange. Theearthisaperfectconductor,thereisnofreechargeinspace,thepermittivityofairisequal tofreespacepermittivity,thegroundplaneisflat,andtheconductorbundlesareinfinitely longandparalleltotheground. TheshieldingcalculationsduetoobjectsarenotincludedinthemodelingofElectricand MagneticFields. Theexistingcircuit5L41inthisstudylocationismodeledasFLATconfiguration. Theterrainisassumedtobeflatandperfectlyconductingforfiscal200607,201415and 202627predictionstudiesofElectricandMagneticFieldsmodeling. Theproposed500kVcircuit(5L83)ismodeledasDELTAconfiguration. Theloadphaseanglesfor5L83circuitareassumedtobe0,240,120forphasesA,C,B respectively. DescriptionofResults: TheElectricandMagneticFieldcalculationsatthe355mlaterallinefromtower489/4are performedusingtheproceduredescribedinsection6.0.InFigure8.4.2modeledMagneticField levelsarepresentedinachartandatabularformatforfiscal200607,fiscal201415andfiscal 202627usingannualaveragelineloaddata.ThecalculatedMagneticFieldlevelsbeyondboth sidesoftheROWarealsocomputedandpresentedinthesamefigure.Themeasurementsand modeledMagneticFielddataispresentedasafunctionofthedistancefromthecenterofthe5L82 circuitto200moneitherside.Inthesamefigure,theseparationdistanceofothercircuits(5L81, 5L83),ROWboundariesoneithersideofthecircuitsaswellas25m,50m,75m,and100m locationsoneithersideofthecircuitsfromtheedgeoftheROWarealsomarked. ThehighestMagneticFieldlevelswithintheROWarefoundtobeforfiscal200607:145.69mG, fiscal201415:131.69mGandfiscal202627:144.81mGandthehighestMagneticFieldlevelsat theedgeoftheROWisobservedforfiscal200607:5.05mG,fiscal201415:5.10mGandfiscal years202627:5.66mG.AtonehundredmetersfromtheedgeoftheROW,theMagneticField levelsarereducedsignificantlyforthestudylocationandthelevelrangeisobservedtobe0.68to 1.57mG. InFigure8.4.3modeledElectricFieldlevelsfor355mlaterallinearepresented.Thehighest ElectricFieldlevelswithintheROWarefoundtobeforfiscal200607:15.25kV/m,fiscal2014 15:15.70kV/mandfiscal202627:16.30kV/mandthehighestElectricFieldlevelsattheedgeof theROWisobservedforfiscal200607:0.14kV/m,fiscal201415:0.16kV/mandfiscalyears2026 27:0.17kV/m.AtonehundredmetersfromtheedgeoftheROW,theElectricFieldlevelsare reducedsignificantlyforthestudylocationandthelevelrangeisobservedtobe0.01to0.08kV/m.
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Figure8.4.2:PredictedMagneticFieldofJKSegmentatlowestsagLateralProfile(355m)
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Figure8.4.3:PredictedElectricFieldofJKSegmentatlowestsagLateralProfile(355m)
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Site5: HARRISONHOTSPRINGS:SegmentPQ101Tower101/1101/2
Figure8.5.1:TopViewfortheStudyLocationPQMile101Segment
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Figure8.5.2:TopandEndViewfortheStudyLocationPQMile101LookingtowardsTower 7/3fromTower8/1
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KeyAssumptionsoftheStudyLocation: For5L82,3L2and5L83circuitconductorbundleheights,thedataprovidedbyBCTC Engineeringisused.For5L83circuit,thegroundisassumedtoflatwithnoelevationchange. Theearthisaperfectconductor,thereisnofreechargeinspace,thepermittivityofairisequal tofreespacepermittivity,thegroundplaneisflat,andtheconductorbundlesareinfinitely longandparalleltotheground. TheshieldingcalculationsduetoobjectsarenotincludedinthemodelingofElectricand MagneticFields. The3L2inthisstudylocationaremodeledasFLATconfiguration.The5L82circuithasa transpositionconfigurationandaccordinglythislocationwasmodeledusingthetransposition informationprovidedbyBCTCEngineeringGroup. Theterrainisassumedtobeflatandperfectlyconductingforfiscal200607,201415and 202627predictionstudiesofElectricandMagneticFieldsmodeling. Theproposed500kVcircuit(5L83)ismodeledasFLATconfiguration Theloadphaseanglesfor5L83circuitareassumedtobe0,240,120forphasesA,C,B respectively. DescriptionofResults: TheElectricandMagneticFieldcalculationsfor5L82and5L83circuitsatthe10m,100mand 270mlaterallinesfromtower101/1areperformedusingtheproceduredescribedinsection6.0. InFigure8.5.3modeledMagneticFieldlevelsarepresentedinachartandatabularformatfor fiscal200607,fiscal201415andfiscal202627usingannualaveragelineloaddata.The calculatedMagneticFieldlevelsbeyondbothsidesoftheROWarealsocomputedandpresented inthesamefigure.ThemeasurementsandmodeledMagneticFielddataispresentedasafunction ofthedistancefromthecenterofthe5L82circuitto200moneitherside.Inthesamefigure,the separationdistanceofothercircuits(5L81,5L83),ROWboundariesoneithersideofthecircuits aswellas25m,50m,75m,and100mlocationsoneithersideofthecircuitsfromtheedgeofthe ROWarealsomarked. ThehighestMagneticFieldlevelswithintheROW(Figure8.5.9)arefoundtobeatthelateralline 100mfromtower101/1forfiscal200607:61.15mG,fiscal201415:68.07mGandfiscal202627: 81.56mGandthehighestMagneticFieldlevelsattheedgeoftheROWisobservedforfiscal2006 07:16.31mG,fiscal201415:12.17mGandfiscalyears202627:14.58mG.Atonehundredmeters fromtheedgeoftheROWforthislateralline,theMagneticFieldlevelsarereducedsignificantly forthestudylocationandthelevelrangeisobservedtobe0.8to1.89mG. InFigure8.5.10modeledElectricFieldlevelsfor100mlaterallinearepresented.Thehighest ElectricFieldlevelswithintheROWarefoundtobeforfiscal200607:1.79kV/m,fiscal201415: 1.88kV/mandfiscal202627:1.87kV/mandthehighestElectricFieldlevelsattheedgeofthe ROWisobservedforfiscal200607:.69kV/m,fiscal201415:0.77kV/mandfiscalyears2026 27:0.77kV/m.AtonehundredmetersfromtheedgeoftheROWforthislateralline,theElectric Fieldlevelsarereducedsignificantlyforthestudylocationandthelevelrangeisobservedtobe 0.04to0.13kV/m.
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TheMagneticFieldlevelsareobservedtobehighestatthelowestsagpoint(100mfromtower 101/1)undertheconductorsandwithinROW(Figure8.5.9),however,at270mlateralcross sectionfor5L82circuitwhichisalongitudinalcrosssectionfor3L2circuitatadistanceof28.8m fromthecenterconductorbundle,theMagneticFieldlevelsaresignificantlyhigherfromthesouth edgeoftheROWto100mwithfieldvaluesspreadbetween11.10and16.0mG(Figure8.5.12). TheElectricFieldlevelsareobservedtobehighestatthelowestsagpointundertheconductors andwithinROW(Figure8.5.10),however,at270mlateralcrosssectionfro5L82circuitwhichisa longitudinalcrosssectionfor3L2circuitatadistance28.8mfromthecenterconductorbundle, theElectricFieldlevelssignificantlyhigherfromthesouthedgeoftheROWto100mwithfield valuesspreadbetween1.12and1.39kV/m(Figure8.5.14).
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Figure8.5.3:PredictedMagneticFieldof3L2circuitatlowestsagLateralProfile(226m from7/3)
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Figure8.5.4:PredictedElectricFieldof3L2circuitatlowestsagLateralProfile(226mfrom 7/3)
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Figure8.5.5:PredictedMagneticFieldof3L2circuitLongitudinalProfile(28.8mfrom3L2)
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Figure8.5.6:PredictedElectricFieldof3L2circuitLongitudinalProfile(28.8mfrom3L2)
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Figure8.5.7:PredictedMagneticFieldofPQMile101segmentLateralProfile,10mfrom Tower101/1
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Figure8.5.8:PredictedElectricFieldofPQMile101segmentLateralProfile,10mfrom Tower101/1
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Figure8.5.9:PredictedMagneticFieldofPQMile101segmentLateralProfile,100mfrom Tower101/1
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Site6: CHEHALIS:SegmentPQTower109/1109/2
TopView
ViewlookingfromTower109/1
Figure8.6.1:TopandEndViewfortheStudyLocationPQMile109Segment
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KeyAssumptionsoftheStudyLocation: For5L82and5L83circuitconductorbundleheights,thedataprovidedbyBCTCEngineeringis used.For5L83circuit,thegroundisassumedtoflatwithnoelevationchange. Theearthisaperfectconductor,thereisnofreechargeinspace,thepermittivityofairisequal tofreespacepermittivity,thegroundplaneisflat,andtheconductorbundlesareinfinitely longandparalleltotheground. TheshieldingcalculationsduetoobjectsarenotincludedinthemodelingofElectricand MagneticFields. Theexistingcircuit5L82inthisstudylocationismodeledasFLATconfiguration. Theterrainisassumedtobeflatandperfectlyconductingforfiscal200607,201415and 202627predictionstudiesofElectricandMagneticFieldsmodeling. Theproposed500kVcircuit(5L83)ismodeledasDELTAconfiguration. Theloadphaseanglesfor5L83circuitareassumedtobe0,240,120forphasesA,C,B respectively. DescriptionofResults: TheElectricandMagneticFieldcalculationsatthe215mlaterallinefromtower109/1are performedusingtheproceduredescribedinsection6.0.InFigure8.6.2modeledMagneticField levelsarepresentedinachartandatabularformatforfiscal200607,fiscal201415andfiscal 202627usingannualaveragelineloaddata.ThecalculatedMagneticFieldlevelsbeyondboth sidesoftheROWarealsocomputedandpresentedinthesamefigure.Themeasurementsand modeledMagneticFielddataispresentedasafunctionofthedistancefromthecenterofthe5L82 circuitto200moneitherside.Inthesamefigure,theseparationdistanceofothercircuits(5L81, 5L83),ROWboundariesoneithersideofthecircuitsaswellas25m,50m,75m,and100m locationsoneithersideofthecircuitsfromtheedgeoftheROWarealsomarked. ThehighestMagneticFieldlevelswithintheROWarefoundtobeforfiscal200607:110.25mG, fiscal201415:80.04mGandfiscal202627:95.90mGandthehighestMagneticFieldlevelsatthe edgeoftheROWisobservedforfiscal200607:38.57mG,fiscal201415:29.45mGandfiscalyears 202627:35.28mG.AtonehundredmetersfromtheedgeoftheROW,theMagneticFieldlevels arereducedsignificantlyforthestudylocationandthelevelrangeisobservedtobe0.99to 2.30mG. InFigure8.6.3modeledElectricFieldlevelsfor215mlaterallinearepresented.Thehighest ElectricFieldlevelswithintheROWarefoundtobeforfiscal200607:6.66kV/m,fiscal2014 15:6.88kV/mandfiscal202627:7.18kV/mandthehighestElectricFieldlevelsattheedgeofthe ROWisobservedforfiscal200607:3.28kV/m,fiscal201415:3.38kV/mandfiscalyears2026 27:3.53kV/m.AtonehundredmetersfromtheedgeoftheROW,theElectricFieldlevelsare reducedsignificantlyforthestudylocationandthelevelrangeisobservedtobe0.02to0.06kV/m.
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Figure8.6.2:PredictedMagneticFieldofPQMile109SegmentatlowestsagLateralProfile (215m)
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Figure8.6.3:PredictedElectricFieldofPQMile109SegmentatlowestsagLateralProfile (215m)
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Site7: MISSION,EastofStaveLake:SegmentRSTower128/4129/1
TopView
ViewlookingfromTower128/4
Figure8.7.1:TopandEndViewfortheStudyLocationRSSegment
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KeyAssumptionsoftheStudyLocation: For5L82and5L83circuitconductorbundleheights,thedataprovidedbyBCTCEngineeringis used.For5L83circuit,thegroundisassumedtoflatwithnoelevationchange. Theearthisaperfectconductor,thereisnofreechargeinspace,thepermittivityofairisequal tofreespacepermittivity,thegroundplaneisflat,andtheconductorbundlesareinfinitely longandparalleltotheground. TheshieldingcalculationsduetoobjectsarenotincludedinthemodelingofElectricand MagneticFields. Theexistingcircuit5L82inthisstudylocationismodeledasFLATconfiguration. Theterrainisassumedtobeflatandperfectlyconductingforfiscal200607,201415and 202627predictionstudiesofElectricandMagneticFieldsmodeling. Theproposed500kVcircuit(5L83)ismodeledasDELTAconfiguration. Theloadphaseanglesfor5L83circuitareassumedtobe0,240,120forphasesA,C,B respectively. DescriptionofResults: TheElectricandMagneticFieldcalculationsatthe83mlaterallinefromtower128/4are performedusingtheproceduredescribedinsection6.0.InFigure8.7.2modeledMagneticField levelsarepresentedinachartandatabularformatforfiscal200607,fiscal201415andfiscal 202627usingannualaveragelineloaddata.ThecalculatedMagneticFieldlevelsbeyondboth sidesoftheROWarealsocomputedandpresentedinthesamefigure.Themeasurementsand modeledMagneticFielddataispresentedasafunctionofthedistancefromthecenterofthe5L82 circuitto200moneitherside.Inthesamefigure,theseparationdistanceofothercircuits(5L81, 5L83),ROWboundariesoneithersideofthecircuitsaswellas25m,50m,75m,and100m locationsoneithersideofthecircuitsfromtheedgeoftheROWarealsomarked. ThehighestMagneticFieldlevelswithintheROWarefoundtobeforfiscal200607:126.61mG, fiscal201415:89.42mGandfiscal202627:104.66mGandthehighestMagneticFieldlevelsatthe edgeoftheROWisobservedforfiscal200607:38.57mG,fiscal201415:30.06mGandfiscalyears 202627:35.96mG.AtonehundredmetersfromtheedgeoftheROW,theMagneticFieldlevels arereducedsignificantlyforthestudylocationandthelevelrangeisobservedtobe0.87to 2.18mG. InFigure8.7.3modeledElectricFieldlevelsfor83mlaterallinearepresented.Thehighest ElectricFieldlevelswithintheROWarefoundtobeforfiscal200607:7.66kV/m,fiscal2014 15:7.66kV/mandfiscal202627:7.98kV/mandthehighestElectricFieldlevelsattheedgeofthe ROWisobservedforfiscal200607:2.75kV/m,fiscal201415:2.85kV/mandfiscalyears2026 27:2.97kV/m.AtonehundredmetersfromtheedgeoftheROW,theElectricFieldlevelsare reducedsignificantlyforthestudylocationandthelevelrangeisobservedtobe0.01to0.05kV/m.
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Site8: WESTWOODPLATEAU:SegmentUVTower153/5154/1
TopView
ViewlookingfromTower14/4
Figure8.8.1:TopandEndViewfortheStudyLocationUVSegment
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KeyAssumptionsoftheStudyLocation: For5L82and5L83circuitconductorbundleheights,thedataprovidedbyBCTCEngineeringis used.For5L83circuit,thegroundisassumedtoflatwithnoelevationchange. Theearthisaperfectconductor,thereisnofreechargeinspace,thepermittivityofairisequal tofreespacepermittivity,thegroundplaneisflat,andtheconductorbundlesareinfinitely longandparalleltotheground. TheshieldingcalculationsduetoobjectsarenotincludedinthemodelingofElectricand MagneticFields. Theexistingcircuit5L82inthisstudylocationismodeledasFLATconfigurations. Theterrainisassumedtobeflatandperfectlyconductingforfiscal200607,201415and 202627predictionstudiesofElectricandMagneticFieldsmodeling. Theproposed500kVcircuit(5L83)ismodeledasDELTAconfiguration. Theloadphaseanglesfor5L83circuitareassumedtobe0,240,120forphasesA,C,B respectively. DescriptionofResults: TheElectricandMagneticFieldcalculationsatthe152mlaterallinefromtower153/5are performedusingtheproceduredescribedinsection6.0.InFigure8.8.2modeledMagneticField levelsarepresentedinachartandatabularformatforfiscal200607,fiscal201415andfiscal 202627usingannualaveragelineloaddata.ThecalculatedMagneticFieldlevelsbeyondboth sidesoftheROWarealsocomputedandpresentedinthesamefigure.Themeasurementsand modeledMagneticFielddataispresentedasafunctionofthedistancefromthecenterofthe5L82 circuitto200moneitherside.Inthesamefigure,theseparationdistanceofothercircuits(5L81, 5L83),ROWboundariesoneithersideofthecircuitsaswellas25m,50m,75m,and100m locationsoneithersideofthecircuitsfromtheedgeoftheROWarealsomarked. ThehighestMagneticFieldlevelswithintheROWarefoundtobeforfiscal200607:136.43mG, fiscal201415:98.37mGandfiscal202627:117.86mGandthehighestMagneticFieldlevelsatthe edgeoftheROWisobservedforfiscal200607:6.88mG,fiscal201415:12.64mGandfiscalyears 202627:15.15mG.AtonehundredmetersfromtheedgeoftheROW,theMagneticFieldlevels arereducedsignificantlyforthestudylocationandthelevelrangeisobservedtobe1.10to 1.77mG. InFigure8.8.3modeledElectricFieldlevelsfor152mlaterallinearepresented.Thehighest ElectricFieldlevelswithintheROWarefoundtobeforfiscal200607:8.53kV/m,fiscal2014 15:8.83kV/mandfiscal202627:9.20kV/mandthehighestElectricFieldlevelsattheedgeofthe ROWisobservedforfiscal200607:0.20kV/m,fiscal201415:0.96kV/mandfiscalyears2026 27:1.0kV/m.AtonehundredmetersfromtheedgeoftheROW,theElectricFieldlevelsare reducedsignificantlyforthestudylocationandthelevelrangeisobservedtobe0.02to0.06kV/m.
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Figure8.8.2:PredictedMagneticFieldofUVSegmentatlowestsagLateralProfile(152m)
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Figure8.8.3:PredictedElectricFieldofUVSegmentatlowestsagLateralProfile(152m)
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9.0
ElectricandMagneticFieldsmeasurementswereperformedatsevenstudylocations:A2B: PrincetonMerrittHWY97C,GH:Spuzzum,JK:SouthofYale,PQ:HarrisonHotSprings,PQ: Chehalis,RS:Mission,eastofStaveLakeandUV:WestwoodPlateau.ThesitespecificElectric andMagneticFieldsmodelsaredevelopedforallsevenstudylocationsandarefoundtobewithin +2.0%to1.3%fortheMagneticFieldand+8%to9.7%fortheElectricField,whicharewell withinthe+/2%accuracyforMagneticFieldand+/10%accuracyforElectricField.TheElectric Fieldmeasurementsaccuracyisaffectedbythepresenceofthemoistureintheairanddrizzleat theA2BandUVstudylocationsandhencearenotconsideredintheaccuracyestimates.AttheJ KandA2BstudylocationstheinitialmeasurementaccuracyforMagneticFieldmeasurementsis observedtobe+2.5%and3.9%duetoerrorsinthecircuitloaddatawhichwaslatercorrected usingthelongtermMagneticFieldmeasurements. Table9.1:PredictedMagneticFieldlevelswithAnnualAverageLoad
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Usingthesemodels,theElectricandMagneticFieldsarecalculatedfortenlocationstodetermine thepredictedlevelsbyusingtheannualaveragelineloadsoffiscal200607fortheexisting circuits,theannualaveragelineloadsof201415withtheproposed5L83circuit,andtheannual averagelineloadsof202627withtheproposed5L83circuitreachingitsmaximumloadcapacity. ThepredictedMagneticandElectricFieldslevelsforalltheabovestudylocationsaresummarized inTable9.1andTable9.2,respectively. FromTable9.1thehighestMagneticFieldlevelswithintheROWisfoundtobeattheJKsegment (SouthofYale)studylocationslowestsagpointforfiscal200607:145.61mG,fiscal201415: 131.69mGandfiscal202627:144.81mG.AtthesegmentRS(MissionEastofStaveLake)lowest sagpoint,thehighestMagneticFieldlevelsattheedgeoftheROWisobservedforfiscal200607: 38.57mG,fiscal201415:30.06mGandfiscalyears202627:35.96mG. Table9.2:PredictedElectricFieldlevelswithAnnualAverageLoad
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AtonehundredmetersfromtheedgeoftheROW,theMagneticFieldlevelsarereduced significantlyforallstudylocationsandthelevelrangeisobservedtobe0.68to3.68mG.AttheG HSpuzzumstudylocationthelowestwasrecordedandA2BPrincetonMerrittHWY97Chasthe highestlevelsforfiscal200607. ForthespecialcaseofPQMile101HarrisonHotSpringsstudylocation,theMagneticFieldlevels areobservedtobehighestatthelowestsagpointundertheconductorsandwithinROW, however,at270mlateralcrosssectionfor5L82circuitwhichisalongitudinalcrosssectionfor 3L2circuitatadistance28.8mcenterconductorbundle,theMagneticFieldlevelssignificantly higherfromthesouthedgeoftheROWto100mwithfieldvaluesanywherebetween11.10to16.0 mG. FromTable9.2thehighestElectricFieldlevelswithintheROWisfoundtobeatJKsegment, SouthofYalestudylocationslowestsagpointforfiscal200607:15.25kV/m,fiscal201415: 15.70kV/mandfiscalyears202627:16.3kV/m.AtPQMile109Chehalislowestsagpoint,the highestElectricFieldlevelsattheedgeoftheROWisobservedforfiscal200607:3.28kV/m,fiscal 201415:3.38kV/mandfiscalyears202627:3.53kV/m.Atonehundredmetersfromtheedgeof theROW,theElectricFieldlevelsarereducedsignificantlyforallstudylocationsexceptPQMile 101andthelevelrangeisobservedtobe0.01to0.16kV/mwhileattheGHSpuzzumstudy locationthelowestwasrecordedandIJYalestudylocationhasthehighestlevelsforfiscal2006 07. ForthespecialcaseofthePQMile101HarrisonHotSpringsstudylocation,theElectricField levelsareobservedtobehighestatthelowestsagpointundertheconductorsandwithinROW, however,at270mlateralcrosssectionfro5L82circuitwhichisalongitudinalcrosssectionfor 3L2circuitatadistance28.8mcenterconductorbundle,theElectricFieldlevelssignificantly higherfromthesouthedgeoftheROWto100mwithfieldvaluesanywherebetween1.12to1.39 kV/m.
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[1].
References
BritishColumbiaTransmissionCorporation(BCTC).2006.InteriortoLowerMainland (ILM)TransmissionReinforcementProjectRequestforproposal,InvitationforProposals, TermsofReference(RFP300202.DOC). [2]. InstituteofElectricalandElectronicsEngineers(IEEE).1994.IEEEStandardProcedures fortheMeasurementofPowerFrequencyElectricandMagneticFieldsfromACPower LinesIEEEStd644 [3]. InternationalElectrotechnicalCommission1998.IEC61786.Measurementoflow frequencymagneticandelectricfieldswithregardtoexposureofhumanbeingsspecial requirementsforinstrumentsandguidanceformeasurements. [4]. EnertechConsultantsCalibrationdocumentationforMagneticFieldMeter2007,EmdexII OperationsandAccuracyReport [5]. EnertechConsultantsCalibrationdocumentationforElectricFieldMeter2007,EmdexII EmdexIIElectricFieldProbeCalibrationTestSheet [6]. AlessandraR.Brazzale,LADSEBCNR2002:OntheUseofHierarchicalModelsinMethod ComparisonStudies. [7]. MerrittR,PurcellC,StroinkG1983:Uniformmagneticfieldproducedbythree,four,and fivesquarecoils.RevSciInstrum54:879882. [8] EnertechConsultants,EXPOCALCVersion3.5UserManual,Appendix H: Electric and Magnetic Field Calculation Methods [9] EnertechConsultants,EXPOCALCVersion3.5UserManual,Appendix L: Shielding [10] EnertechConsultants,SUBCALC Substation Magnetic Field Modeling Program Version 2.0, User Manual, Appendix H: Field Modeling in SUBCALC [11]. BritishColumbiaHydroandPowerAuthority(BCHydro).May1,2004.RightofWay CrossSections.
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Glossary of Terms
Acronym Definition AMC AmericanCreekCapacitorStation AOA ArchaeologicalOverviewAssessment ARN AboriginalRelationsandNegotiations BCHydro BritishColumbiaHydroandPowerAuthority BCEAA BritishColumbiaEnvironmentalAssessmentAct,S.B.C.2002,c.43 BCEAO BritishColumbiaEnvironmentalAssessmentOffice BCTC BritishColumbiaTransmissionCorporation BCUC BritishColumbiaUtilitiesCommission BPL BroadbandoverPowerLines CEAA CanadianEnvironmentalAssessmentAct,S.C.1992,c.47 CEAAgency CanadianEnvironmentalAssessmentAgency CKY CheekyeSubstation CPCN CertificateofPublicConvenienceandNecessity EAC EnvironmentalAssessmentCertificate EMF ElectricandMagneticFieldorElectromagneticField EMI ElectromagneticInterference FCC FederalCommunicationsCommission Hz Hertz IC IndustryCanada IEEE InstituteofElectricalandElectronicsEngineers ILM InteriortoLowerMainland ING IngledowSubstation kAMP KiloAmpere KLY KellyLakeSubstation kV Kilovolt LTL LateralTestLine MDN MeridianSubstation MHz Megahertz MoFR MinistryofForestsandRange MVA MegaVoltAmpere MVAr MegaVoleAmperereactive MW Megawatt NIC NicolaSubstation NITS NetworkIntegratedTransmissionServices PU perunit RI RadioInterference RMR ReliabilityMustRun ROW RightofWay(RightsofWay) SARA SpeciesAtRiskAct SCST SingleCircuitSteelTower SI SouthernInterior SVC StaticVArCompensator
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