Marking Scheme for Biology Class Test 3a (July 2008 /Jan 2009 Intake) Section A 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. L M J K K 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

L K M L L Marks Sensory receptor (0 mark) 1 2 5 c) 12. a) The effector which is the arm muscle will receive the nerve impulse from the motor neurone and it will then contract. Hence the hand is jerked away. The cells have identical genetic information but not all genes are active/switched on. Cells show selective gene expression where only certain genes are transcribed and translated into proteins. 4 These proteins can be structural proteins in cell membranes and enzymes which will give the cell structural features and functions that are not found in other cell types. Hence the cells will look different and have different functions. They are said to be specialized. b) Skin is made of many different types of tissue e.g. epithelial tissue, connective tissue, blood, nervous tissue, muscle tissue and adipose tissue which work together to perform a particular function. The concentration of ATP in the fresh muscle has decreased from 4.6 mol g -1 at rest to 3.4 mol g-1 after the 100m sprint as more contractions of muscles required more ATP. Athlete was respiring anaerobically (using lactic acid fermentation) so fewer ATP molecules are produced and these are quickly used up/depleted. b) c) C6H12O6 2C3H6O3 + energy 2 6 2 Marks Total 20

Section B 11. a) b) Pain/pressure receptor (1 mark) Reflex response

Total

13. a)

2 2 2 10 2

The lactate will be removed from the muscles and carried in the blood to the liver where it will be broken down / lactate diffuses out of muscles into the bloodstream to be carried away. Adrenaline causes the glucose to be released directly in the muscles so glucose is immediately available (Otherwise glucose travels in the blood from the liver.) Or Glucose from muscle glycogen is made available to muscles for respiration to regenerate ATP required.

d)

Class Test 3a marking scheme

14. a) b)

Adrenaline or thyroxine 2 The secretion of adrenaline by the adrenal gland or thyroxine by the thyroid gland causes an increase in metabolic rate in body cells. This generates heat which causes the body temperature to rise from 37.5 to 400C. There is an increase in sweat production by the sweat glands and evaporation of sweat cools down the body and causes the temperature to decrease from 40 to 37.40C. Or vasodilation of skin arterioles causes an increased blood flow to the skin and heat is lost from the warm blood by conduction and radiation. This will bring down the body temperature from 40 to 37.40C. 2 2

c)

15.

During Prophase 1 of meiosis, crossing between non-sister chromatids will result in genetic combination and hence genetic variation in gametes and in offspring formed. During Metaphase 1, the random assortment of homologous chromosomes will result in new combination of chromosomes/ a mix of maternal and paternal chromosomes and hence genetic variation in gametes and in offspring formed. Or random or chance mutations e.g. gene mutation will be the source of new alleles in the gametes and a source of new characteristics in the offspring formed. Or random union of gametes from two genetically different individuals during fertilization will result in variation in offspring formed.

2 4

16. a)

Continual blood flow from the heart will bring deoxygenated blood rich in carbon dioxide and poor in oxygen to the blood capillary next to alveolus. Or ventilation (inhalation and exhalation) will bring fresh air rich in oxygen and poor in carbon dioxide into the alveolus for gas exchange.

4 b) The breakdown of alveolar walls causes the small alveoli to join together to form larger air sacs. This causes a decrease in surface area of alveolar walls available for gas exchange. Hence the rate of diffusion of gases in the lungs is decreased. Total 2

35

Class Test 3a marking scheme