S a c tc o B o o to o f te ButrPbfgtg

tPoh

THE

BOOK O F T H E DISCIPLINE
V O L U M E V

OF

T H E BOOK T H E DISCIPLINE
(V IN A Y A -P IT A K A ) V O L U M E V

(C U L L A V A G G A )

Translated by I. B . H O R N E R , M .A . A ssocia te o f N ew nham College, Cam bridge

LONDON L U Z A C 46
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C O M P A N Y
u s s e l l

L T D .
,

t r e e t

W .C .1

1963

F irst published tg5* Second impression 1963

P rinted in Great B ritain by JLowe & Bvydone {Printers) L td ., London

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INTRO D U CTIO N

h e C u lla v a g g a , th e L e s s o r L e s se r D iv is io n o f th e V in a y a , co n sists o f tw e lv e S e c tio n s. T h e first th re e o f th e se h a v e been tra n sla te d b y H . O ld e n b e rg a n d T . W . R h y s D a v id s in Sacred B ooks o f the E a st , V o lu m e X V I I , 1882, a n d th e re m a in in g n in e in S . B . E ., V o lu m e X X , 1885 . T h e P a li V in a y a on w h ic h th e ir tra n sla tio n as w e ll a s m in e is b a se d is th a t e d ite d b y O ld e n b e rg in 1880 a s V o lu m e I I o f h is V in a y a P ita k a m . T h e w e a lth o f d e ta il in crea ses ra th e r th a n d im in ish es in th is L e sse r D iv is io n , a n d a s a n in stru m e n t fo r use b y m o n k s a n d n u n s is a sto n ish in g in its v a r i e t y a n d th e m in u te p re cisio n it la v ish e s on g r e a te r a n d sm a lle r p o in ts a lik e. I t w a s no d o u b t e v e r m o re an d m o re n e c e s sa ry to p u t th e p ro p e r w a y s o f m e e tin g d is tu rb a n c e s in th e O rd e r on a firm b a sis. T h is c e r ta in ly a p p e a rs to be th e p u rp o se o f S e c tio n I w h ic h d e a ls in tu rn w ith se v e n fo rm a l a c ts : (1 ) cen su re fo r q u a rre ls, d isp u te s a n d c o n te n tio n w h ic h p e rh a p s a ro se fro m a n e a rn est e n d e a v o u r to a c t in c o n fo r m ity w ith w h a t h a d been la id d o w n a n d th e n fin d in g th a t th e re w e re o th e r a n d d iffe re n t o p in io n s ; or w h ic h p e rh a p s w ere w a n to n ly m a d e in th e O rd er b y m o n k s w h o , u n a b le to m a s te r th e h ig h e r p ra c tic e s , fo u n d tim e h a n g h e a v y ; (2 ) g u id a n c e fo r a m o n k w h o h a d p e rsiste d in fre q u e n tin g th e la i t y a n d to g u id e h im to co n so rt in ste a d w ith kalyatyamitta a n d so b e co m e le a rn e d a n d e x p e r t in th e d h a m m a an d d isc ip lin e ; (3 ) b a n ish m e n t fo r a m o n k w h o h a d in d u lg e d in th e n u m ero u s " b a d h a b its " sp ecifie d here a n d th e re in th e P a li ca n o n in a s te r e o ty p e d p a ssa g e ; (4 ) re c o n c ili a tio n fo r a m o n k w h o h a d b e en ru d e to a h o u seh o ld er, a n d w h o , w h en he w e n t to a s k fo r h is fo rg iv e n e s s, w a s a llo w e d to ta k e a co m p a n io n w ith h im to a c t a s m e ssen g e r a n d sp o k e sm a n in ca se th e m o n k h im self w a s o v e rc o m e w ith sh a m e a n d e m b a rra ssm e n t an a llo w a n c e w h ic h in S e c tio n X I I Y a s a , th e son o f K a k a n d a k a , a sk e d to be e x te n d e d to h im w h en h e w a s accu sed (w ro n gly) b y th e V a jj is o f V e s a li o f r e v ilin g a n d a b u s in g la y fo llo w e r s ; (5 , 6 , 7 ) th re e a c ts o f su sp e n sio n fo r n o t seein g a n offen ce, fo r n o t m a k in g a m en d s fo r on e, fo r n o t g iv in g u p a w ro n g v ie w , re s p e c tiv e ly .

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A ll th e se fo rm a l a c ts h a v e b een m e n tio n e d a lr e a d y in th e M a h a v a g g a (B . D . iv ) . B u t o n ly a n in d ic a tio n is g iv e n th e re o f th e o cca sio n s fo r c a r r y in g th e m o u t (as su m m a ris e d a b o v e ). T h e se , w h ile t a lly in g w ith th e o c c a s io n s g iv e n in th e C u lla v a g g a , s p e c ify n e ith e r th e m e th o d to b e fo llo w e d in c a r r y in g o u t e a c h o n e , n o r a n y o f th e g ro u n d s h e ld to b e su ffic ie n t fo r its r e v o c a tio n . A ll th is is h o w e v e r d e a lt w ith b y th e C u lla v a g g a . S o m e o f th e sto rie s ch o se n to illu s tr a te b e h a v io u r w h ic h c a lls fo r o n e o f th e se fo rm a l a c ts to c o rre c t it a p p e a r a lso in o th e r p a rts o f th e V in a y a . F o r e x a m p le , th e e p iso d e o f th e m o n k A r it t h a o ccu rs b o th in P a c . 68 a n d in C V . I . 32 . T h e fo r m e r g iv e s th e h o ld e r o f w ro n g v ie w s a c h a n c e t o re n o u n ce th e m w h ile h e is b e in g a d m o n ish e d u p to th e th ir d tim e . I t is o n ly , a ft e r th is, if h e p e rsists in c lin g in g to h is v ie w s th a t h e in c u rs a n o ffe n ce o f e x p ia tio n . B u t in th e C u lla v a g g a A r it t h a is g iv e n no fin al c h a n c e t o c le a r h im s e lf. O n c e it is fo u n d t h a t h e h o ld s to h is v ie w s , th e O rd e r is to ld t h a t it c a n c a r r y o u t a fo r m a l a c t o f su sp en sio n a g a in s t h im . H e th e re u p o n le ft th e O rd er. A s th e t e x t s ta n d s , G o ta m a is sh o w n a s s a y in g t h a t th e fo rm a l a c t o f su sp e n sio n m a y b e r e v o k e d . T h is w o u ld n o t o n ly b e a n u n c h a r a c te r is tic w e a k n e ss , b u t it d o es n o t fit th e c o n te x t . In fa c t , a s O ld e n b e rg re m a rk s, w e sh o u ld h a v e e x p e c te d a n e g a tiv e h ere, a n d h e n c e ju s t th e o p p o s ite : L e t th e O rd e r n o t re v o k e th e fo rtn a l a c t o f su sp e n sio n fo r n o t g iv in g u p th e w ro n g v ie w (C V . I . 34 . x). T h is w o u ld m o r e o v e r h a v e b e en in lin e w ith th e in ju n c tio n n o t to r e v o k e th e a c t o t b a n ish m e n t w h e n th o se a g a in s t w h o m it h a d b e en c a rrie d o u t w e n t a w a y a n d le ft th e O r d e r (I. 16 . x). A t V i n A . 874 A r i t t h a is ca lle d a n e n e m y o f th e B u d d h a 's d is p e n sa tio n , a n d a lth o u g h a s a ru le m o n k s w e re n o t lig h t ly le t g o o f to r e tu rn to th e w o r ld , h is w a s a s tu b b o r n c a se w h e re h is a b se n ce m ig h t w e ll h a v e b e en p re fe rre d to h is p resen ce. T h e O rd e r w a s b y n o w w e ll e s ta b lis h e d b o th in th e p o p u la r e ste e m a n d a s an in s titu tio n ru n n in g e ffic ie n tly b y its o w n in te r n a l arid d e v e lo p e d o rg a n is a tio n , a n d if a m o n k le ft it, th is w o u ld b e a t t r ib u t e d to h is o w n in c o m p e te n c e r a th e r th a n t o a n y d e fic ie n c y in th e te a c h in g a n d tr a in in g . A p a r t fro m e x p u ls io n fr o m th e O rd e r fo r h a v in g c o m m itte d one o f th e fo u r P a r a jik a o ffe n c e s , a n d a p a r t fro m b e in g e x p e lle d fo r a n y o n e o f th e re a so n s g iv e n a t M V . 1. 61- 68 , a m o n k le ft

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o f h is o w n ch o ice. T h e fo rm a l a c t o f b a n ish m e n t is n o t b a n ish m e n t fro m th e O rd er, b u t fro m a p a r tic u la r p la c e w h e re a m o n k had , fo r e x a m p le , e ith e r in d u lg e d in b a d h a b i t s " , been friv o lo u s o r h a rm fu l in b o d y o r sp eech , c a u se d strife a n d c o n te n tio n , o r sp o k en d isp ra ise o f th e A w a k e n e d O n e, d h a m m a or th e O rd er. I f h e c o n d u c te d h im s e lf p r o p e r ly w h ile th e a c t o f b a n ish m en t a g a in st h im w a s in fo rce, h e c o u ld b e re h a b ilita te d , a p riv ile g e im p o ssib le to e x te n d to one w h o h a d b een e x p e lle d . S e c tio n s I I a n d I I I o f th e C u lla v a g g a d e a l in g r e a t d e ta il w ith P r o b a tio n . T h is is n o t p ro b a tio n p re lim in a ry to e n te rin g th e O r d e r ; b u t p ro b a tio n im p o se d on o n e w h o is a lr e a d y a m e m b e r o f it, a n d c o n sistin g o f g o in g b a c k to th e b e g in n in g " o f h is tra in in g a n d b e in g su b je c te d to m anatta d iscip lin e- S u c h p ro b a tio n fa lls u n d e r th e fo u r h e a d in g s m e n tio n e d a t V A I J 5 9 : t h a t fo r o ffe n c e s . w h ic h h a v e b een c o n c e a le d , t h a t fo r u n c o n c e a le d o ffen ces, th e c o n c u rre n t p ro b a tio n a n d th e p u r ify in g p ro b a tio n . T h is la s t c o u ld b e im p o se d o n m o n k s w h o d id n o t k n o w w h e th e r th e y h a d w o rk e d th r o u g h th is d is c ip lin a ry p erio d o f p ro b a tio n o r n o t. In v ie w o f th e m a n y referen ces to ig n o r a n t in e x p e rie n c e d m o n k s " , su ch h a zin ess in re g a rd t o th e rig h t d a y fo r th e te rm in a tio n o f a p ro b a tio n a r y p e rio d is n o m o re su rp risin g th a n is th e ig n o ra n ce m o n k s m a n ife s te d a b o u t th e s ta rs a n d th e q u a rte rs (C V . V I I I . 6 . 1 ) a n d w h ic h p ro v e d p h y s ic a lly h a rm fu l to th em . S e c tio n I V is d e v o te d to th e d iffere n t w a y s o f s e ttlin g le g a l q u e stio n s. T h e s e le g a l q u e stio n s h a v e a lr e a d y b een m e n tio n ed in th e S u tta v ib h a r ig a . I n th e first p la c e , th e c a se m u st be s e ttle d in th e p resen ce o f th e a ccu se d m o n k . B u t th is v e rd ic t " in th e presen ce o f " is n e c e s s a r y to a ll le g a l se ttle m e n ts . S e c o n d ly th e re is th e v e r d ic t o f in n o cen ce g iv e n in fa v o u r o f a m o n k w h o w a s w r o n g fu lly a c cu se d o f a n o ffe n ce. D a b b a th e M a llia n is ta k e n a s th e e x a m p le , a n d his s t o r y is to ld in th e sam e w o rd s as in F o r m a l M e e tin g V I I I . B u t in th e F o r m a l M eetin g th e in te re s t, a t th e en d , is s h ifte d to th e m o n k s w h o a ccu se d h im a n d w h o in c u r a n o ffen ce fo r d o in g so ; w h ile in th e C u lla v a g g a th e in te re s t is c e n tre d o n D a b b a w h o is to h a v e a v e rd ic t o f in n o cen ce a c co rd e d h im . W e m u s t th e re fo re u n d e r sta n d th a t th is is a ca se w h ere tw o se p a ra te a c tio n s o f th e O rd er w ere c a lle d fo r : one d e a lin g w ith th e m o n k s w h o b ro u g h t th e false a c cu s a tio n a g a in s t D a b b a , a n d one fo r a c q u ittin g h im .

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T h e n co m es th e " v e r d ic t o f p a s t in s a n ity " , t o be g iv e n fo r m o n k s w h o w ere m a d w h e n t h e y c o m m itte d a n o ffe n ce. A s is u su a l, th e p ro p e rtie s t h a t re n d e r th e a c t le g a lly v a lid o r n o t a re ^enum erated. T h e n fo llo w s th e s e ttle m e n t o f d is p u te s or c o n te n tio n b y th e < r d e cisio n o f th e m a jo r it y " , w h e n a re lia b le m o n k is t o be a g re e d u p o n a s d is tr ib u t o r o f v o tin g - tic k e ts , a n im p o rta n t p o s t (IV . 14 . 26) a n d o n e w h ic h D e v a d a t t a a rro g a te d t o h im s e lf a n d a b u s e d in h is a tte m p ts t o s p lit th e O rd e r ( V I I I . 4 .1 ) . N e x t , th e re is th e d e cisio n fo r sp e c ific d e p r a v it y " w h e n a m o n k , on b e in g e x a m in e d fo r a n o ffe n ce, p r e v a r ic a te s a n d lies. F in a lly th e re w a s th e s e ttle m e n t b y th e " c o v e r in g u p a s w ith g ra ss " , e n a c te d w h e n th in g s h a d been d o n e o r sa id in th e h e a t o f a q u a rre l a n d w h ic h , i f m a d e in to a le g a l q u e stio n , w o u ld o n ly le a d to fu r th e r tr o u b le a n d p e rh a p s sc h ism . L e g a l q u e stio n s su c h a s th is c o u ld be c o v e re d u p b y e a c h c o n te n d in g sid e c o n fe ssin g th r o u g h a c o m p e te n t m o n k w h a te v e r w ere th e o ffen ces t h a t h a d b e en c o m m itte d , u n le ss t h e y w e re se rio u s o ffe n ces (in v o lv in g D e fe a t o r a F o r m a l M e e tin g o f th e O rd er, a c c o rd in g to V A . 1x 9 4 ), o r o n e s t h a t a ffe c te d t h e l a i t y (IV . 13. 2, 3). A n d m o re o v e r, su c h o ffe n c e s c o u ld n o t b e s e ttle d in th is w a y fo r a n y o n e w h o o b je c te d o r w h o w a s n o t p re se n t. O th e rw ise , a le g a l q u e stio n a r is in g fro m d is p u te s c o u ld be s e ttle d b y a c o m m itte e o r re fe re n d u m (I V . 14 . 19 ) or, fa ilin g th is, b y th e d ecisio n o f th e m a jo r it y ( I V . 14. 24). T h e V e n e ra b le R e v a t a c a lle d fo r a re fe re n d u m o f e ig h t m o n k s to s e ttle th e te n p o in ts " p r o m u lg a te d b y th e V a j j i s o f V e s a ll, a n d w h ic h fo rm e d th e b u sin e ss b e fo re th e C o u n c il o f V e s a ll (see S e c tio n X II). T h e w h o le s u b je c t of*th e le g a l q u e stio n s a n d th e ir s e ttle m e n t, a lth o u g h c o m p lic a te d , m u s t b e s tu d ie d b y a n y o n e w h o w ish e s to g ra sp a n im p o rta n t b r a n c h o f th e d is c ip lin a r y p ro c e e d in g s o f th e O rd e r to g e th e r w ith th e v e r y e x a c t m a c h in e r y la id d o w n fo r c a r r y in g th e m o u t. A c e rta in p a tte r n w ill b e fo u n d to em erge. F o r th e " I n te r n a l P o li t y o f a B u d d h is t S a m g h a " , C h a p te r V I or S . D u t t 's E a r ly B u d d h ist M o n a ch tsm m a y be p r o fita b ly c o n su lte d . W it h S e c tio n s V , V I , V I I I a n d I X w e re m a in in th e h e a rt o f th e m o n a s tic life a s it w a s to be liv e d n o r m a lly . B u t w ith S e c tio n V I I , on S c h ism s, w e a r r iv e m o re d e fin ite ly th a n in th e M V . a t t h a t re a l a n d in c re a s in g ly p re se n t d a n g e r o f d is se n tie n t

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v o ic e s risin g to a c h o ru s in s c h is m a tic fa c tio n s. E a c h S e c tio n , b esid es it s scru p u lo u s a tte n tio n to e v e r y p o in t t h a t arises, also c o n ta in s a c e rta in a m o u n t o f n a r r a tiv e m a te ria l. S e c tio n V is so lo a d e d w ith d e ta il a s to m a k e it a lm o s t im p o ssib le to p ic k o u t sa lie n t p o in ts. B u t m e n tio n m u s t b e m a d e o f th e " g ro u p o f s ix m o n k s , w h ic h r e a lly m e a n s a n u m b e r o f m o n k s u n d e r th re e p a irs o f le a d e rs. F o r t h e y a re c o n s ta n tly re fe rre d to a s th e m a le fa c to rs fro m w h o se c o n d u c t, o fte n u n s u ita b le b e c a u se i t re se m b le d t h a t o f h o u seh o ld ers, sp rin g s th e o p p o r tu n ity to reg u la rise b e h a v io u r o n a ll p e rtin e n t p o in ts. T h is is, in a d d itio n , a S e c tio n w e ll w o rth s tu d y in g fo r th e lig h t it th ro w s o n c o n te m p o ra ry m a n n e rs a n d th e th in g s in co m m o n u sa g e . I t is a S e c tio n w h e re th e l a i t y a re m a d e im p o rta n t ; a w o n d e r o f p s y c h ic p o w e r is n o t to b e d is p la y e d in fr o n t o f th e m (V . 8) ; th e ir b o w ls c o u ld b e tu r n e d u p sid e d o w n , a s y m b o lic e x p re ssio n m e a n in g t h a t if t h e y o ffe red fo o d to th e m o n k s, th e s e c o u ld , a fte r a g re e in g to a m o tio n p u t b e fo re th e O rd er, tu rn th eir b o w ls u p sid e d o w n to sh o w t h a t t h e y h e ld a la y m a n in su ch d is g ra c e t h e y w o u ld a c c e p t n o fo o d fro m h im (V . 20), th e r e b y d e p r iv in g h im o f m e rit. T h e r e is a lso th e a llo w a n c e t h a t m o n k s m a y tr e a d on c lo th s w h e n b e in g a sk e d to d o so b y h o u seh o ld ers fo r g o o d lu c k 's s a k e (V . 2 1). T h e n th e re is th e ep iso d e w h e n p e o p le b rin g sc e n ts a n d g a r la n d s to a m o n a s te ry . T h e m o n k s a re a llo w e d t o a c c e p t th e s c e n ts o n c o n d itio n t h a t t h e y p la c e th e fiv e -fin g e r m a rk on a d o o r. T h is h a s th e a p p e a ra n c e o f a p r o te c tiv e m e a su re ; a n d w e k n o w fro m th e B u d d h is t c h a rm s o r sp ells, p artita, one o f w h ic h is to be fo u n d in th is S e c tio n (V . 6), th a t su c h ru n e s o r c h a n ts fo r se lf-g u a rd in g p la y e d a n o t n e g lig ib le p a r t in E a r l y B u d d h is t life . S e c tio n V I is a c o m p e n d iu m o f w h a t is a llo w a b le o r n o t in re g a rd to d w e llin g -p la c e s. F o r n a r r a tiv e m a te ria l, it c o n ta in s th e s t o r y o f h o w A n a th a p in d ik a h e a rd th e w o rd s " A w a k e n e d O n e , buddha, fo r th e first tim e a n d d e te rm in e d to see th e L o rd , w h o a d d re s se d h im b y th e n a m e o f S u d a t t a , u n k n o w n o u tsid e h is fa m ily , a n d sp o k e to h im on d h a m m a . T h e v isio n o f d h a m m a th e re u p o n aro se in A n a th ap in d ik a ^ he b e c a m e a la y fo llo w er, a n d a c q u ire d P rin c e J e t a 's G ro v e a s a g if t to th e O rd er. T h e s to r y o f h is first m e e tin g w ith th e B u d d h a is also to ld , b u t m o re b rie fly , in th e Sa m yu tta . I n th is S e c tio n is also

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to be fo u n d th e T ittira -jd ta k a w h ic h ca m e to b e k n o w n a s th e P a r tr id g e B r a h m a -fa r in g (V I. 6. 3), to ld h ere to e n c o u ra g e m o n k s to be c o u rte o u s a n d p o lite to o n e a n o th e r. H a r m o n y in th e O rd e r w a s c o n s ta n tly b e in g so u g h t, a s a n u m b e r o f e p iso d e s a n d a llu sio n s in th e V in a y a in d ic a te . I t is b y no m e a n s o n ly in S e c tio n V I t h a t p a ss a g e s o c c u r t h a t h a v e p a ra lle ls in o th e r p a r ts o f th e P a li c a n o n o r th e J a ta k a . T h r o u g h o u t th e V in a y a th is is th e ca se , a n d p r o b a b ly a c o n c o rd a n c e o f V in a y a sto rie s w o u ld sh o w o n ly fe w t o b e p e c u lia r to it. S e c tio n V I I b e g in s w it h th e s t o r y o f A n u r u d d h a s g o in g fo r th fro m h o m e to g e th e r w it h B h a d d iy a , a S a k y a n c h ie fta in w h o , w ith in a y e a r , re a lise d th e th re e fo ld k n o w le d g e a n d a c c la im e d his h a p p in e ss. M o n k s, h e a rin g h im , g r e w su s p ic io u s th a t he w a s re m e m b e rin g th e fo rm e r jo y s o f ru le rsh ip . B u t B h a d d iy a w a s a b le to c o n v in c e G o ta m a , in w o rd s r e m in is c e n t o f S . i. 7 2~73> t h a t p r e v io u s ly , a lth o u g h h e h a d h a d a f u ll y a p p o in te d g u a rd , h e h a d b e en n e rv o u s a n d fr ig h te n e d a ll th e sa m e ; b u t, n o w , a lo n e in a fo re s t h e is u n c o n c e rn e d a n d u n ru ffle d . A n e x p la n a tio n o f w h y th is s t o r y is p la c e d a t th e b e g in n in g o f th e S e c tio n o n S c h ism s se e m s c a lle d fo r. I c a n o n ly su g g e st t h a t i f th e m o n k s w h o a lle g e d t h a t B h a d d iy a w a s d is sa tisfie d w ith th e B r a h m a - fa r in g h a d tu r n e d o u t to b e r ig h t, it is n o t u n re a s o n a b le to suppop-e t h e y w o u ld n e x t h a v e re g a rd e d h im as a p o te n tia l s c h is m a tic . T h is w a s th e ro le fo r w h ic h , h o w e v e r , D e v a d a t t a w a s c a s t, a n d fo r fa r m o r e : h e w a s a lso a p o te n tia l m u rd e rer, p re p a re d to g o to g r e a t le n g th s to g e t rid o f th e B u d d h a . In h is o v e rw e e n in g a m b itio n , D e v a d a t t a th o u g h t h e sh o u ld n o lo n g e r b e th e le a d e r a n d c o v e te d th is p o s itio n fo r h im s e lf. N o w , a lth o u g h th o se w h o h a v e p ro g re sse d so m e d is ta n c e o n th e W a y m a y fe e l th e m s e lv e s sa fe a n d im m u n e to a t t a c k s (see B h a d d iy a s s t o r y a n d a lso th e Bhayabherava S u ita o f t h e M a jjh im a ), th e tr a d itio n n e v e r th e le s s re co g n ise s s la y e r s o f a r a h a n ts (see e .g . B .D . iv . 1 1 3 , e tc .), w h ile v a r io u s C o m m e n ta rie s h o ld t h a t M o g g a lla n a , a n a r a h a n t o f lo n g s ta n d in g , w a s a c t u a lly m u rd e re d (J d . v . 12 5 ; D h A . iii. 65). A t K v u . 3 1 3 , h o w e v e r, th e u n tim e ly d e a th o f a n a r a h a n t is a c o n tr o v e r te d p o in t. T a t h a g a t a s , T r u th fin d ers, m u st b e d iffe re n t, fo r a lth o u g h t h e y m a y b e h u r t an d th e ir b lo o d sh e d (B .D . iv . 1 1 3 , e tc ., a n d C V . V I I . 3 . 9), a c c o r d in g to o u r S e c tio n V I I t h e y n e e d n o p r o te c tio n a n d c a n n o t be

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d e p riv e d o f life b y a g g re ssio n (V II* 3. io ) . T h e ir a tta in m e n t o f n ib b a n a (w ith n o re sid u e re m a in in g ) is in fa c t a m a tte r p re c is e ly o f th e ir o w n v o litio n , a s is a ls o a p p a r e n t fro m th e ep iso d e (re ferre d to in C V . X I . 1 . i o ) w h e re A n a n d a fa ils to a s k th e B u d d h a t o p ro lo n g h is life to th e fu ll. H e d ie d w h en he w a s in th e e ig h tie s . T h e a ss u m p tio n is p r o b a b ly th a t he m ig h t h a v e liv e d to be a h u n d re d o r so a s th e P a li c a n o n s ta te s th a t p e o p le so m e tim e s a tta in th is a g e , w h ile S a b b a k a m in w a s so o ld a t th e tim e o f th e C o u n c il o f V e s a li t h a t it w a s 120 y e a r s sin ce h is o rd in a tio n ( X I I . 2. 4 ). H e m u s t p r o b a b ly h a v e b een a t le a s t 140 y e a r s o f a g e th e n , fo r in P a c . 65 it is s a id t h a t o rd in a tio n m u s t n o t b e c o n fe rre d on a n y m a le le ss th a n t w e n t y y e a r s o ld . in S e c tio n V I I w e h e a r o f a n o th e r fo rm a l a c t, o n e t h a t is e x t r a t o th e se v e n d e a lt w ith in S e c tio n I. T h is is th e fo rm a l a c t o f In fo rm a tio n , p a k a sa n iya k a m m a , w h ic h a llo w e d it to b e p ro c la im e d th a t so m e o n e 's n a tu re o r c h a r a c te r h a d a lte re d fo r th e w o rse ( V I I . 3. 2 ). T h e c a u s a tiv e fo rm , p a k d se ti , to g iv e in fo rm a tio n " , o f th e v e r b p a k a sa ti (of w h ic h paka&c n iy a is th e g e ru n d iv e ), is u se d w ith a t le a s t a se m i-te c h n ic a l sense b y th e V a jj is o f V e s a li w h e n s p e a k in g o f Y a s a , th e so n o f K a k a n d a k a , a n d w h o h a d b e en a b le t o c h a n g e th e la y fo llo w e r s ' o p in io n a s t o w h o th e tr u e re clu se s really* w ere (C V , X I I . 1 . 7 ). M u ch o f S e c tio n V I I I c o n sists o f p a ss a g e s o f so m e co n sid e r a b le le n g th , m o st o f w h ic h h a v e a lr e a d y o c cu rre d in th e M V ,, use a lso b e in g m a d e o f S e k h iy a m a te r ia l. B u t th e c o n te x t s are d iffe re n t. F o r e x a m p le , M V . I . 2 5 la y s d o w n th e p ro p e r c o n d u c t fo r th o se w h o sh a re c e lls to w a r d s th e ir p re c e p to rs, w h ile in C V . V I I I . 1 . 2 5 th is sa m e c o n d u c t, la id d o w n in a lm o st id e n tic a l w o rd s e x c e p t fo r a fe w a d d itio n s o r o m issio n s, is to b e o b se rv e d b y a m o n k a r r iv in g a t a m o n a s te r y , a n d a g a in in C V . V I I I . 7 . 2 4 b y m o n k s in re s p e c t o f th e ir lo d g in g s. T h e se are th re e o c ca sio n s w h e re c o n d u c t is, r a th e r n a tu r a lly , to be th e sa m e , fo r a ll th re e c o n c e rn m o n k s a c t u a lly in a m o n a s te ry , e v e n if o n ly ju s t a r r iv e d . Y e t th e in s tru c tio n s s p e c ific a lly fo r re sid e n t m o n k s (C V . V I I I . 2. 23 ) a re c o n n e c te d m o re w ith th e ir b e h a v io u r to in c o m in g mcpnks th a n w ith a n y th in g else* W e h a v e seen t h a t th e sa m e s to r y , fo r e x a m p le th a t o f D a b b a a n d t h a t o f A r it t h a , m a y be to ld so a s to in tro d u c e v a r y in g

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e ffe c ts. S o h ere, th e sa m e b e h a v io u r m a y b e fo llo w e d in v a r y in g c irc u m s ta n c e s . A g r e a t p ro c e ss o f s ta b ilis a tio n w a s a t w o rk . A s th e m a ss o f a llo w a n c e s a n d o ffe n c e s in th e C V . m o s tly th o se o f w ro n g -d o in g p ile u p a n d in crea se , so th e a llu sio n s b e c o m e a ll th e c le a re r. T h u s , b y th e tim e w e g e t to C V . V I I I * 3 . 2 th e n a tu re o f th e c la y g o o d s a n d th e w o o d e n g o o d s t h a t h a v e to b e p a c k e d a w a y b y a m o n k w h o is le a v in g a re sid e n ce , c a n be u n d e rsto o d b y re fe rrin g to C V . V . 37 . F o r it is h ere t h a t G o ta m a a llo w s " , a s re c o rd e d , a ll c la y g o o d s a n d a ll w o o d e n o n es w ith c e rta in sp e c ifie d e x c e p tio n s . T h e n in th S e c tio n , c o n c e rn e d .m a in ly w ith th e le g a lly v a lid a n d th e le g a lly in v a lid su sp e n sio n s o f th e P a tim o k k h a , is in tr o d u c e d b y th e e ig h t b e a u tifu l s im ilitu d e s o f th e g r e a t o c e a n , a p a ssa g e fo u n d also in th e A n g u tta ra a n d th e U ddna. T h e th ird o f th e se sim ile s sh o w in g w h a t, id e a lly , th e m o n k s o u g h t to b e , is p a r t ic u la r ly to th e p o in t th e O r d e r d o es n o t ltv e in c o m m u n io n w ith a n im p u re m o n k , b u t , h a v in g a sse m b le d q u ic k ly , su sp en d s h im , w ith th e r e s u lt t h a t h e is fa r fro m th e O rd e r a n d th e O rd e r is fa r fro m h im ( I X . 1 . 4). T h e re fo re , a lso to th e p o in t, is th e s t o r y t h a t p re c e d e s th e sim ile s o f th e se a . I t is a s t o r y o f h o w th e B u d d h a re fu se d , in s p ite o f a p le a m a d e th re e tim e s b y A n a n d a , t o re cite th e P a t im o k k h a to th e m o n k s. F o r , " th e a s s e m b ly is n o t e n tir e ly p u re , A n a n d a " , h a v in g in it one in d iv id u a l o f a d e p r a v it y so g r a v e th a t h e is d e sc rib e d in s tr o n g ly d e r o g a to r y , i f s te r e o ty p e d , te rm s. T h e T ru th -fin d e r c a n n o t re c ite th e P a t im o k k h a to a n a s s e m b ly c o n ta in in g a m o n k lik e th is ( I X . 1 . 2). I n s te a d , he d e le g a te s h is p o w ers, n o w as it seem s o u t o f d is a p p o in tm e n t a n d d is g u st, w h e re a s fo r m e r ly he h a d d e le g a te d o th e r p o w e rs in th e fu ll tid e o f su cce ss (M V . I. 12 . 1 ) . In b o th c a se s it is r e a s o n a b le to su p p o se t h a t he d id so b e c a u s e th e O rd e r w a s g r o w in g b e y o n d th e c a p a c it y o f one m a n t o h a n d le ; a n d b e c a u se h e h a d th e re fo re in c re a s i n g ly to lo o k to th e m o n k s th e m s e lv e s to m a in ta in th e O rd e r o n th e lin e s la id d o w n b y h im , b o th w h ile h e w a s a liv e a n d a fte r h e w a s w ith th e m n o lo n g e r. A t th e e n d o f S e c tio n I X w e are a t th e e n d o f th e d is c ip lin e fo r m o n k s. M a n y a n d e x c e e d in g ly v a r io u s are th e p o in ts th a t h a v e b e en ra ise d , a n d a r u lin g g iv e n on e a c h . T h e w h o le m e th o d o f c o n d u c tin g B u d d h is t m o n a stic is m fo r th o se w h o fo llo w th e P a li V in a y a is c o n ta in e d in th is a n d a m o u n ts to a

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v e r y c o m p le te sy s te m . A ll d o u b ts a s to w h a t is a llo w a b le a n d w h a t is n o t, o r a ll d o u b ts as to h o w t o a c t e ith e r in c o n c la v e o r as a n in d iv id u a l m a y b e re s o lv e d b y re fe rrin g to th e d iscip lin e t h a t h a s b een la id d o w n . A l l m isd o in gs, w h e th e r serio u s or n o r, h a v e th e ir a p p r o p r ia te p e n a lty a tta c h e d to th em . B e h a v io u r is r ig h t i f i t p ro m o te s o n e 's o w n p ro g ress a lo n g th e W a y o r t h a t o f o th e rs. A s su c h it is s k ilfu l, kusala . A s th e B h ik k h u n i- p a tim o k k h a o r V ib h a n g a fo llo w s th e B h ik k h u - (ca lle d th e G r e a t, m ahd-) V ib h a n g a , so in th e C V ., a t th e clo se o f th e le g a lis e d ru le s a n d p ro c e e d in g s g o v e r n in g th e life o f m o n k s, th e re fo llo w s a S e c tio n d e v o te d to th e O rd e r o f n u n s. I t b e g in s w ith a n a c c o u n t o f th e fo r m a tio n o f th is O rd er, a n d c o n ta in s th e im p o r ta n t s ta te m e n t, a ttr ib u te d to G o ta m a , th a t w o m e n a re c a p a b le o f a tta in in g a ra h a n tsh ip . T h e e ig h t im p o r ta n t ru le s (fo u n d a lso in M o n k s' P a c . 2 1 ) are th e n la id d o w n , th e ir a d o p tio n b y M a h ap aja p a tT , th e in s tig a to r o f th e O rd er o f n u n s, c o n s titu tin g h e r o rd in a tio n . T h e re m a in d er o f th is S e c tio n is ta k e n u p w it h re g u la ris in g fo r n u n s th e r e c ita l o f th e P a tim o k k h a , th e c o n fe ssio n o f o ffe n c e s, th e s e ttle m e n t o f le g a l q u e stio n s, a n d th e ir e x h o r ta tio n , an d so fo rth . T h e n co m e in c id e n ts to ld so a s to e s ta b lis h v a r io u s o ffen ces o f w ro n g -d o in g a n d v a rio u s a llo w a n c e s T h ere fo llo w s on th is th e m e th o d to b e fo llo w e d fo r th e se c o n d o rd in a tio n o f n u n s, th a t b y m o n k s , a fte r t h e y h a v e b e e n o rd a in e d b y n u n s as la id d o w n in th e N uns* P a c it t iy a s . A f t e r m o re o ffen ces o f w ro n g -d o in g , th e re is a re v e rsio n to o rd a in in g , th is tim e th ro u g h a m essen ger, a n d fin a lly m o re o ffe n c e s o f w ro n g -d o in g an d m o re a llo w a n ce s I n th is S e c tio n th e re is in c lu d e d th e p r o h ib itio n o f fo re s td w e llin g fo r n u n s ( X . 23), a p ro h ib itio n n o t, I b e lie v e , p r e c is e ly re p e a te d elsew h ere. T h is re d u ce s th e n u m b e r o f th e ir re s o u r c e s to th re e , in s te a d o f fo u r, a s fo r m o n k s. I t is sa id th a t if a n u n s ta y s in a fo re st th e re is a n o ffe n ce o f w ro n g d oing. B u t in N u n s ' F o r m a l M e e tin g I I I (V in . iv . 230), i t is sa id th a t a n u n in c u rs a g r a v e o ffe n c e if, w h ile sh e is in a fo rest, sh e g o es o u t o f s ig h t o r h e a rin g o f h e r co m p a n io n n u n , an d a n o ffen ce e n ta ilin g a F o r m a l M e e tin g o f th e O rd e r o n ce she h a s g o t o u tsid e . T h e w h o le o f th is a m o u n ts to s a y in g th a t n u n s m a y p a ss th ro u g h a fo re s t if t h e y g o tw o to g e th e r, b u t

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t h a t t h e y m u s t n o t s t a y in o n e e ith e r to g e th e r o r s e p a r a te ly . T h is w a s fo r th e s a k e o f th e ir s e c u r it y . A n o th e r in te r e s tin g p o in t is t h a t n u n s, o n r e tu r n in g to th e O rd e r a ft e r t h e y h a d jo in e d o n e o f th e o th e r s e c ts , s h o u ld n o t be o rd a in e d a g a in . T h is p r iv ile g e c o u ld b e e x te n d e d to m o n k s , p r o v id e d t h a t t h e y first u n d e rw e n t a fo u r m o n th s p r o b a tio n (M V . I . 38. i ) . L ife fo r n u n s w a s p r o b a b ly h a rd e r th a n it w a s fo r m o n k s . I n s p ite o f th e s y m p a t h y a n d ju s tic e w ith w h ic h th e ir tr o u b le s w e re m e t, t h e y w e re to so m e e x t e n t d is c rim in a te d a g a in s t. I h a v e re fe rre d to th is on p . x x x i x o f m y I n tr o d u c tio n to B . D . I l l ; a n d in th e n o te s t o V o lu m e s I V a n d V I h a v e m e n tio n e d s u c h d is c r e p a n c ie s a s o c c u r b e tw e e n th e p e n a ltie s in flic te d on m o n k s a n d on n u n s fo r s im ila r b e h a v io u r. P o s s ib ly th e o n ly e x c e p tio n t o th e g e n e r a l tr e n d o f th e h e a v ie r p e n a lt y b e in g im p o se d on a n u n is in th e c a s e o f " g iv in g a b lo w to a m o n k H e re , if a n u n d o e s so, h e r o ffen ce is r a n k e d a s o n e o f w ro n g -d o in g w h ile , i f a m o n k s trik e s a n o th e r m o n k , h is o ffe n c e is o n e o f e x p ia tio n (see b e lo w , P- 3 7 i)In th e M o n k s' P a t id e s a n iy a (C o n fession ) I , b e c a u s e w o m en o b ta in th in g s w it h d iffic u lty " ( B .D . iii. 104 ) it w a s m a d e an offen ce to b e c o n fe sse d i f a m o n k a c c e p te d , w it h c e r ta in re s e r v a tio n s , fo o d fro m th e h a n d o f a n u n w h o w a s n o t a r e la tio n . B u t in th e C V . a n u n is t o o ffe r a n y fo o d th e r e is in h e r b o w l to a m o n k ( X . 1 3 . 2 ). O n th e o th e r h a n d , m o n k s c o u ld o ffe r n u n s fo o d t h a t h a d b e e n s to r e d ( X . 1 5 . 1 ) i f t h e y h a d m o re th a n t h e y w a n te d fo r th e m s e lv e s ; a n d if n u n s w ere s h o rt o f lo d g in g s th e m o n k s m ig h t g iv e th e m so m e te m p o r a r ily , a g a in if t h e y h a d m o re th a n t h e y w a n te d ( X . 1 6 . 1 ). A g r e a t n u m b e r o f w o m e n a re t r a d it io n a lly h e ld to h a v e flo c k e d to th e O rd e r o f n u n s. I t is c o n c e iv a b le t h a t t h e y w ere g e n e r a lly re g a rd e d a s o f p o o re r q u a li t y th a n th e m o n k s , a n d t h a t th e re fo re th e r e h a d t o b e a s e v e r e r t e s tin g in o r d e r to w e e d o u t th o s e w h o h a d e n te r e d w it h o u t h a v in g a re a l v o c a tio n . I t is s ig n ific a n t t h a t in t h e E ta d A g g a s o f th e A ng uttara th e re are fo r m o n k s fo r ty - s e v e n cla sse s o f a tta in m e n ts a n d fo r ty -o n e m o n k s s a id to b e c liie f in th e m (for so m e a re c h ie f in m o re th a n one a tta in m e n t), w h ile fo r n u n s th e re a re o n ly th ir te e n cla sse s o f a tta in m e n ts , a s m a n y n u n s b e in g c h ie f in th e m . A m o n g th e fo rm e r N a n d a k a is c a lle d th e c h ie f o f m o n k s w h o

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e x h o rt n u n s. I h a v e re fe rre d t o th e v ic is situ d e s a tte n d a n t u p o n th e le g a lis a tio n o f th e e x h o r ta tio n fo r n u n s a t B .D . I l l , p . x li, a n d e a n h e re o n ly m e n tio n w h a t lo o k s lik e a g e n e ra l in ju n c tio n fo r n u n s to fo llo w w h e n m o n k s f a il th e m : p d sa d ik en a sam pddetu , s tr u g g le o n , la b o u r o n in frie n d lin e ss (see b e lo w , p . 366). A t th e e n d o f S e c tio n X I , on th e C o u n c il o f R a ja g a h a , b ecau se e x a c t l y fiv e h u n d re d m o n k s w e re th e re , it is s a id t h a t th is c h a n tin g o f th e d isc ip lin e , vinayasam gtti , is in co n se q u e n ce c a lle d th a t o f th e F iv e H u n d re d . T o s p e a k o f a c h a n t in g o f d iscip lin e is r a th e r a cu rio u s a n d lim ite d d e s c rip tio n .1 F o r it is e x p r e s s ly sa id in C V . X I . 8 t h a t A n a n d a u n d e r to o k to a n sw e r q u e stio n s o n d h a m m a , a n d b e g in n in g w ith th e B rahm ajdla a n d th e Sa m an n a ph ala S u tta n la s , d id in fa c t a n sw e r co rre sp o n d in g q u e stio n s a b o u t th e fiv e N ik a y a s . T h is is no le ss a fe a t th a n t h a t p e rfo rm e d b y U p a li, th e g r e a t V in a y a e x p e r t, w h o , h a v in g a n sw e re d q u e s tio n s a b o u t th e fo u r P a r a jik a o ffen ces, th e n w e n t on to a n sw e r q u e stio n s a b o u t th e tw o d isc ip lin e s, ubhatovinaye , a s to ld in X I . 1 . 7 . A ll th e q u e stio n s on d h a m m a a n d d is c ip lin e w e re p u t b y th e le a rn e d K a s s a p a th e G r e a t. I t se e m s t h a t th is e ld e r, r e a c tin g to S u b h a d d a 's u n s a tis fa c to r y a ttit u d e to G o ta m a 's d e a th , w ith g re a t p re v isio n su g g e s te d to th e o th e r m o n k s t h a t d h a m m a a n d d iscip lin e sh o u ld b e c h a n te d b e fo re n o t-d h a m m a a n d n o td iscip lin e sh o u ld sh in e o u t a n d d h a m m a a n d d isc ip lin e be w ith h e ld ( X I . 1 . 1 ). T h e fin a l n a m e : c h a n tin g o f th e d isc ip lin e seem s th e re fo re to su m u p o n ly h a lf th e p ro c e e d in g s d e a lt w ith a t th e first C o u n c il. T h is C o u n c il o r C o n fe re n ce w a s h e ld s h o r tly , so m e C o m m e n ta rie s s a y th re e m o n th s, a fte r G o ta m a h a d d ied . T h e re co rd o f th is C o u n c il is o f th e u tm o s t im p o rta n c e a s th e tr a d itio n o ra l o n ly , it is tru e o f a d h a m m a th a t w a s ta u g h t a n d a d iscip lin e t h a t w a s la id d o w n i f n o t w h o lly b y th e F o u n d e r h im se lf, a t a ll e v e n ts w h ile he w a s s till a liv e . H o w fa r th e ir r e c ita l w a s w e ll b a se d a n d w e ll c a rrie d o u t is b ro u g h t in to a lit t le d o u b t b y th e e p iso d e o f th e m o n k P u r a n a , th e O ld O n e, w h o to ld th e e ld e rs h e w o u ld re m e m b e r d h a m m a a n d d is c ip lin e ju s t a s he h a d h e a rd a n d le a r n t th e m in th e
1 N o t ic e d b y O ld e n b e r g , V in a y a P it a k a m , v o l. i, p . x x i x , n o t e .

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L o r d 's p resen ce. H is w o rd s : " W e ll c h a n te d b y th e e ld e rs " , are p o lite , b u t h e w a s a p p a r e n tly n o t q u ite c o n v in c e d . A c c o r d in g to S e c tio n X I , d is c ip lin e w a s re c ite d b e fo re d h a m m a . T h e r a th e r b a ld n a r r a t iv e g iv e s n o re a so n . T h e C o m m e n ta rie s h o w e v e r c o m e fo r w a r d w it h a n e x p la n a tio n .1 T h e y s a y t h a t K a s s a p a a s k e d th e m o n k s w h e th e r d h a m m a o r d is c ip lin e sh o u ld b e c h a n te d firs t, a n d th e m o n k s re p lie d : D is c ip lin e is c a lle d th e d y u , th e life o r v i t a li t y , o f th e B u d d h a 's d is p e n sa tio n ; w h ile th e d is c ip lin e sta n d s , th e d is p e n sa tio n sta n d s . T h e re fo re le t u s c h a n t d is c ip lin e f ir s t ." T h e sa m e s e n tim e n t is e x p re sse d in th e v e r s e in se rte d b e fo re th e udddna, th e k e y , a t th e e n d o f S e c tio n I o f th e M V . ( B .D . iv . 1 2 7 ). T h e u n d e r ly in g n o tio n is t h a t d is c ip lin e is p r im a r ily c o n c e rn e d w ith stla , o r p u rific a tio n o f th e w a y s o f a c tin g in b o d y a n d sp e e c h , a n d th e re fo re w ith th e first o f th e th re e c a te g o r ie s in to w h ic h th e w h o le sdsana , d is p e n sa tio n or te a c h in g , is g ra d e d . T h e re m a in d e r o f S e c tio n X I is d e v o te d t o A n a n d a . H e is th e c e n tr a l fig u re . F e e lin g t h a t i t w a s n o t s u ita b le in h im to g o to th e C o u n c il w h ile h e w a s s t ill a sekha, a le a rn e r, h e m ad e a n e ffo rt to re a lis e a r a h a n ts h ip a n d , a t a m o m e n t w h e n n o p a r t o f h im w a s to u c h in g th e e a r th , h is m in d 'w a s fre e d fro m th e c a n k e rs. A s th e D A . (v o l. i, p . 10) r i g h t ly p o in ts o u t, w h e n it is s a i d : " i n th is te a c h in g w h e n a m o n k a tta in s a r a h a n ts h ip n e ith e r ly in g n o r s ittin g d o w n , n e ith e r s ta n d in g n o r p a c in g u p a n d d o w n " , i t is t o b e s a id o f A n a n d a . T h e D A . g o es o n to s a y t h a t A n a n d a , n o w th in k in g h e w a s fit to e n te r th e a s s e m b ly , d e lig h te d a n d re jo ic in g , w e n t th e r e sh in in g lik e a fu ll m o o n on a c lo u d le ss n ig h t, lik e a lo tu s b lo o m in g a t th e s u n 's to u c h , h is fa c e p u re a n d r a d ia n t a s th o u g h h e w e re a n n o u n c in g h is a tta in in g o f a r a h a n ts h ip . B u t V i n A . (v o l. i, p . 1 2 13) g iv e s a d iffe re n t v e rs io n , a n d one t h a t a t D A . i. n is a s c rib e d to th e M a jjh im a -b h d n a k a s , o r re p e a te rs, o f h o w h e w e n t to th e'"C o u n cil. A c c o r d in g to th is ; " A n a n d a , n o t w ish in g to te ll o f h is a tta in m e n t o f a r a h a n ts h ip , d id n o t g o w ith th e m o n k s. T h e y a s k e d w h o m a n e m p t y s e a t w a s fo r, a n d h e a rin g it w a s fo r A n a n d a , a s k e d w h e re h e h a d g o n e . A t th is m o m e n t h e t h o u g h t : 4 N o w is th e tim e fo r m e to g o and d is p la y in g h is p s y c h ic p o w e r, p lu n g in g in to th e e a r th , h e
1 V A . i. 1 3 ; D A . i. 1 1 .

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sh o w e d h im s e lf a s it w ere in h is o w n s e a t. S o m e s a y h e s a t do w n a fte r g o in g th r o u g h th e a i r ." H is a ra h a n ts h ip , h o w e v e r, d id n o t a p p e a r to h a v e c o m m a n d e d m u ch re sp e c t. A ft e r th e C o u n c il w a s o v e r , he to ld th e eld ers w h a t th e L o rd h a d sa id a t th e tim e o f h is p arin ib b an a a b o u t a b o lish in g th e lesser a n d m in o r ru le s o f tr a in in g T h is a c te d lik e a g o a d on th e e ld ers a n d t h e y c h a rg e d h im w ith one offence o f w ro n g d o in g a fte r a n o th e r a ll o f w h ic h m u st h a v e b een c o m m itte d b e fo re he a tta in e d a ra h a n ts h ip , e v e n th e im p u te d o ffen ce o f a llo w in g w o m e n to w e e p a n d la m e n t b esid e G o ta m a s b o d y . I k n o w o f no o th e r o c ca sio n re co rd e d in th e P a li ca n o n w h ere an a ra h a n t is a s k e d t o c o n fe ss o ffen ces sa id to h a v e b een c o m m itte d b y h im b e fo re g a in in g lib e ra tio n . T h is ep iso d e th e re fo re n o t o n ly p u ts th e a c c u s in g eld ers in a v e r y d u b io u s lig h t, it a lso in d ic a te s th a t offen ces o f w ro n g d o in g c o u ld be in v e n te d a fte r G o ta m a 's d e a th . B u t a s th e o ffen ces w ith w h ic h A n a n d a w a s c h a rg e d w ere a ll c o n c e rn e d w ith th e F o u n d e r h im se lf, t h e y are n o t lik e ly to be re p e a te d . W h a t m u st b e re g a rd e d as a m o re d ig n ifie d a n d c o rre c t a ttitu d e w a s ta k e n , la te r, b y A n a n d a h im se lf w h e n h e w a s se n t to in flict th e su p rem e or h ig h e st p e n a lty , brahm adanda , on C h a n n a ( X I . 1 . 15 ). C h a n n a w a s so m u c h o ve rco m e b y th e th o u g h t o f s u b m ittin g t o th is p e n a lty o f o stra c ism t h a t he to o k h im se lf s e rio u s ly in h a n d a n d w o n a ra h a n ts h ip th e se c o n d m o n k re co rd e d in th is S e c tio n to d o so. A n a n d a th e n te lls h im t h a t fro m th e m o m e n t he w on it th e h ig h e s t p e n a lt y b e ca m e re v o k e d a u to m a tic a lly fo r h im . T h is is th e C h a n n a w h o w a s G c ta m a s c h a rio te e r w h ile h e w a s s till th e B o d h is a tta . I t w a s b e cau se o f h is a ffe c tio n fo r G o ta m a , an d th e n b e ca u se o f h is p rid e in " o u r B u d d h a , o u r d h a m m a , t h a t h e w a s u n a b le to c a r r y o u t th e sam anadham m a , th e ru le fo r re clu se s ( T h a g A . i. 166 ), u n til he h a d r e c e iv e d th e e m o tio n a l sh o ck , samvega, o f th e im p o sitio n o f th e su p rem e p e n a lt y on him . O ld e n b e rg s ta te s (V in a y a P ita k a m , v o l. I , p . x x v ii) t h a t th e s to r y o f th e F ir s t C o u n c il a s it h a s co m e d o w n to u s in th e C V , is n o t h is to ry , b u t p u re in v e n tio n a n d , m o re o v er, in v e n tio n o f no v e r y a n c ie n t d a te H e b a se s h is a rg u m e n t on a c o m p ariso n w ith th e M a hap arinibbana Suttanta w h ic h , w h ile it c o n ta in s p a ssa g e s w o rd fo r w o rd th e sa m e a s in th e C V ., y e t
B

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m a k e s no a llu sio n e ith e r to K a s s a p a s p ro p o s a l fo r h o ld in g a C o u n c il o r to th e C o u n c il its e lf. O ld e n b e rg c o n c lu d e s th a t th e a u th o r o f th e M h p . d id n o t k n o w a n y th in g o f th e F ir s t C o u n c il. C e r ta in ly h is sile n c e is o th e rw is e h a rd to a c c o u n t fo r u n less w e a llo w th a t " h e (th e a u th o r, w h o sh o u ld r a th e r be sp o k e n o f as th e c o m p ile r o r co m p ilers) d id n o t w a n t to re fer to it. W e a re a c c u s to m e d in th e P a li c a n o n to fin d in g th e sa m e sto rie s ru n n in g p a ra lle l u p to a c e rta in p o in t a n d th e n tu rn in g off in to d iffe re n t e n d in g s. I t is p o ss ib le th a t w e h a v e su c h a ca se h ere ; a n d t h a t th e o p e n in g p a r t o f C V . X I wT as to ld so a s to le a d u p to th e p ro p o s a l t o c o n v e n e a C o u n c il, w h ile th e sa m e s to r y w a s to ld in th e D lg h a (w ith th e tra n sp o s itio n o f th e S u b h a d d a in c id e n t) so a s to le a d u p to th e a c c o u n t o f th e d isp o sa l o f th e relics. T h is a ffe c te d th e B u d d h a 's b o d y , w h e re a s th e C o u n c il o f R a ja g a h a w a s h e ld in th e a tte m p t to g e t c le a r p r e c is e ly w h a t h a d b een h is d h a m m a a n d d is c ip lin e . R e c ite d b y 500 e ld ers, it c o u ld c a r r y w e ig h t. N e v e rth e le s s , th e P a li re ce n sio n o f th e C o u n c il m a y b e n e ith e r w h o lly c o rre c t n o r w h o lly c o m p le te . I t is o n e o f s e v e r a l v e r sio n s ste m m in g fro m d iffe re n t sc h o o ls a n d w h o se c a n o n s m a y v a r y fro m se c t to s e c t. T h e la te P r o fe s s o r P r z y lu s k i w a s o f th e o p in io n t h a t , in re s p e c t o f th is C o u n c il, th e s u tra s m a y c o n ta in o ld e r m a te ria l th a n th e v in a y a s . H e c o lle c te d a n u m b e r o f v e rsio n s o f b o th a n d p r e s e n te d th e m , tr a n s la te d in to F re n c h , in hi_s v a lu a b le w o r k : L e C o n cile de R d ja g rh a , P a ris , 1926 . T h e s tu d e n t is re fe rre d to th is b o o k ; h e w ill th e n b e a b le to m a k e a n y c o m p a ris o n s h e w is h e s b e tw e e n th e P a li V in a y a a c c o u n t a n d th e o th e rs . F o r it is n o t a n e c e s s a r y fu n c tio n o f th is S .B .B . S eries t o s t r a y fro m th e P a li t e x t s th e m se lv e s. T h e T w e lfth S e c tio n , t h a t on th e S e c o n d C o u n c il, h e ld a t V e s a ll a c e n t u r y " a ft e r G o ta m a s p a rin ib b d n a a c e n tu r y b e in g w n o d o u b t a ro u n d n u m b e r is m o re t r u ly c h a r a c te r ise d a t its e n d a s a c h a n tin g o f d is c ip lin e " th a n is S e c tio n X I . F o r th is c h a n tin g b y th e 700 m o n k s is c o n c e rn e d w ith te n p o in ts o f d is c ip lin e o n ly , a n d w h e th e r th e s e c o u ld n o t b e r e la x e d . T h e v e r y fa c t th a t t h e y w e re c a lle d in q u e s tio n sh o w s t h a t , in th e y e a r s t h a t h a d p a ss e d sin c e G o ta m a 's d e a th , a le ss
1 V i n . T e x ts , i, I n t r . , p . x x i i .

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a u ste re a ttitu d e , a m o re d e m a n d in g n o te h a d c re p t in. I t w a s to d e term in e w h ic h w a s to b e fo llo w e d th e le ss a u ste re a t t i tu d e or th e m o re a u s te re one th a t th is C o u n c il w a s h e ld . I t w a s u ltim a te ly th e m o n k Y a s a , th e so n o f K a k a n d a k a , w h o w a s resp o n sib le fo r th e " c h a n tin g o f d is c ip lin e w h ic h , lim ite d to th e te n p o in ts, w a s th e s u b je c t b e fo re th e C o u n c il o f V e sa li. V a rio u s C o m m e n ta rie s re co g n ise th is (e.g. A A . ii. i o ; M A . iv . 114 ) b y re fe rrin g to th is c h a n tin g as Y a saiih era ssa sam gtti, th e R e c ita l o f th e E ld e r Y a s a . H e g o t th e la y p e o p le on h is sid e b y te llin g th e m th re e sto rie s w h e re G o ta m a h a d d e n o u n ced th e a c c e p ta n c e o f g o ld a n d s ilv e r b y m o n k s th e te n th p o in t, a n d p o s s ib ly th e m o st im p o r ta n t ; a n d t h a t he a ro u se d m u c h in te re st a m o n g th e m o n k s is c le a r fro m th e reco rd s. T h e e n d less d is p u ta tio n s t h a t a ro se, th e sp eech es m ad e w h o se m e a n in g s w ere n o t c le a r ( X I I . 2 . 7 ), im p e lle d th e e ld er R e v a t a , w h o se o p in io n on th e te n p o in ts in q u e stio n co in cid ed w ith Y a s a 's , to se le c t a re fe re n d u m o f e ig h t m o n k s to se ttle th e p o in ts. T h e ir d ecisio n s till h o ld s go o d to - d a y in T h e r a v a d in co u n trie s. I n th e tr a d itio n a l w a y o f th e d e m o c r a tic O rd er, a ll th e m o n k s p re se n t w e re a sk e d to a g re e on th e e ig h t eld ers p ro p o sed b y R e v a t a . T h e y fu r th e r a g re e d on a n in th m o n k , A jit a , to a p p o in t th e se a ts fo r th e e ld e rs w h o w o u ld be lis te n in g to th e p ro ce ed in g s. T h e e x a c t p la c e in V e s a li w h e re th e C o u n c il w a s h e ld is d o u b tfu l. T h e V tn a y a (C V . X I I . 2. 7 ) s a y s it to o k p la c e in th e V a lik a m o n a s te ry , a s d o es th e M ahdvam sa ; b u t th e D tpavam sa la y s th e scen e in th e H a ll o f he G a b le d H o u se . I t is p e rh a p s o f n o g re a t im p o rta n c e , e x c e p t a s a d d in g to th e co n fu sio n w h ic h su rro u n d s th e le g e n d s o f th e C o u n c ils . W h a t th e V in a y a re co rd o f th e C o u n c il o f V e s a li c le a r ly in d ic a te s is th a t th e re w a s e n o u g h d is s a tis fa c tio n a m o n g c e rta in m o n k s to b rin g a b o u t a sch ism , i f n o t c h e c k e d , w it h th e a tte n d a n t d a n g e r o f d h a m m a tu r n in g in to n o t-d h a m m a a n d d is c ip lin e in to n o td iscip lin e. I t m a y b e a sk e d w h y th e C u lla v a g g a is ro u n d e d off b y th e S e c tio n s d e a lin g w ith th e first tw o C o u n c ils, a n d w h ic h m a k e th e C V . lo n g e r b y tw o S e c tio n s th a n th e M V . W h e th e r t h e y w ere a la te r a d d itio n o r .n o t, I c a n o n ly su g g e st t h a t t h e y are in c lu d e d , re a s o n a b ly a n d s u it a b ly a s it seem s to m e , a t th e e n d o f th e e n o rm o u sly lo n g c o m p e n d iu m o f d is c ip lin e fo r m o n k s

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a n d n u n s so a s to g iv e a c u lm in a tin g a u t h o r it y a n d sa n c tio n to th is d is c ip lin e , w h ic h a t th e tim e o f t h e C o u n c il o f VesalT, h a d b een te s te d fo r a " c e n tu r y A ll th e w o rd s sp o k e n b y th e B u d d h a b e tw e e n h is a tta in m e n t o f su p rem e s e lf-a w a k e n in g a n d h is p a rin ib b d n a h a v e b u t th e one fla v o u r, t h a t o f fre e d o m (see C V . I X . 1 . 4 , e tc ., a n d V A . i. 16 , D A . i. 16 ). T h is is a c h a r a c te r is tic o f th e B u d d h a v a ca n a . F r e e d o m is t o b e so u g h t a n d re a lis e d b y th o s e w h o h a v e e n te re d o n th e W a y . F o r th e ir h e lp a n d g u id a n c e th e re a re tw o p a rts o f th e B u d d h a v a ca n a , n a m e ly d h a m m a a n d d is c ip lin e . I t is n o fa u lt o f th e P a li c a n o ii i f la te r g e n e ra tio n s h a v e s p lit th e fr e q u e n tly o c c u rrin g c o m p o u n d o f dham m avinaya in to its tw o c o m p o n e n t p a r ts , a n d h a v e t r e a te d e a c h a s i f it fu n c tio n e d m o re o r le ss in is o la tio n fro m th e o th e r. D h a m m a is ro o te d in d is c ip lin e ; a n d d is c ip lin e is a lw a y s b o rd e rin g on d h a m m a , a s slla is o n sa m ddhi a n d b o th on p a n n d , in t u it iv e w isd o m , to g iv e p o in t a n d s u b s ta n c e to a ll its ru le s, re g u la tio n s , o ffe n ces a n d a llo w a n c e s. A ll th e tim e it is tr a in in g d is c ip le s to a tta in su ffic ie n t h a b itu a l p u r it y u lt im a t e ly to e n te r in to th e g o a l o f W is d o m , e v e n o f t h a t " g r e a t w i s d o m " o f w h ic h S a r ip u tta , b e lo v e d a b o v e a ll o th e r d is c ip le s , w a s sa id to b e th e c h ie f (A . i. 23). T h e D is c ip lin e , rig id a n d s t r ic t , is p r e lim in a r y to a n d u s u a lly n e c e s s a ry to th e flo w e rin g o f W is d o m . W it h o u t th e c o n tr o l o f b o d y a n d sp e e c h (d isc ip lin e , m o ra l h a b it), w ith o u t m in d -c o n tro l (c o n c e n tra tio n ), th e fu ll e x p a n sio n o f w isd o m m a }' n e v e r co m e to b e . D is c ip lin e th e re fo re , a t th e b e g in n in g o f th e tr a in in g , is a te a c h in g o f c o m m a n d s, dnddesand, b e in g t a u g h t b y th e L o r d in re s p e c t o f a m u ltitu d e o f c o m m a n d s fo r th o s e m e ritin g c o m m a n d s " ( V A . i. 2 1 , D A . i. 19 ). P r a c t ic a lly e v e r y c o n c e iv a b le th in g a ffe c tin g m o n a stic life fo r m o n k s a n d n u n s, p r a c t ic a lly e v e r y c o n c e iv a b le re la tio n w ith o th e r h u m a n b e in g s, w h e th e r fe llo w m o n k s o r n u n s o r th e la it y , a re b r o u g h t u n d e r r e v ie w a n d le g is la te d fo r in m in u te s t d e ta il th r o u g h th e s e v e n c la ss e s o f o ffe n c e , th ro u g h th e a llo w a n c e s , a n d th r o u g h th e m o st im p o r ta n t a n d th e r e g u la r ly re cu rrin g e v e n ts in a m o n k 's life : O r d in a tio n , O b s e r v a n c e , I n v ita tio n , th e ra in s-re sid e n c e , th e m a k in g u p o f n e w ro b e -m a te r ia l ; th r o u g h th e se v e n o ffic ia l fo rm a l a c t s o f th e O rd er, b e g in n in g w ith t h a t o f c e n su re , a n d th r o u g h th e su sp e n sio n o f th e P a tim o k k h a . I t is a v e r y c o m p le te s y s te m , a v e r y p re cise

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o rg a n isa tio n , m a rk e d th ro u g h o u t b y th e h u m an en ess an d reaso n ab len ess o f G o ta m a , th e co d ifier to w h o m w ith b u t fe w e x c e p tio n s e v e r y ru lin g is a sc rib e d . I. B. H o r n e r . L ondon, D ecem ber, 19 51 .

C O N T E N T S T r a n s la to r s In tr o d u c tio n V

CULLAVAGGA On F o rm al A c ts O n P r o b a tio n O n S e ttle m e n ts O n L o d g in g s O n S ch ism I

44

O n A c c u m u la tio n (of O ffences) O n M in o r M a tte rs

56 96 141 204
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O n O b se rv a n c e s On N uns -

291 330 352

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O n S u sp e n d in g th e P a tim o k k h a O n th e F iv e H u n d re d O n th e S e v e n H u n d re d

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IN D E X E S : W o rd s an d S u b je c ts N am es 431 43S
439

Som e P a li W o rd s d iscu ssed in th e N o te s A b b r e v ia tio n s u sed in th e N o te s

440

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(C U LLA V A G G A )

P ra ise to this Lord, Perfected O n e , F u lly S elf-A w a k en ed O ne A t one tim e th e A w a k e n e d O n e, th e L o r d w a s s t a y in g a t S a v a tth I in th e J e ta G r o v e in A n a th a p in d ik a s m o n a ste ry . N o w a t th a t tim e m o n k s w h o w e re fo llo w e rs o f P a n d u k a a n d L o h ita k a 1 a n d w h o w ere th e m s e lv e s m a k e rs o f s tr ife ,2 m a k e rs o f q u a rrels, m a k e rs o f d isp u te s, m a k e rs o f c o n te n tio n ,2 m a k ers o f le g a l q u e stio n s in an O rd e r ,3 h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d o th er m o n k s w h o w ere also m a k e rs o f s trife . . . m a k e r s o f leg a l q u e stio n s in an O rd er, sp o k e th u s (to th e m ) : D o n o t y o u , v e n e ra b le ones, le t th is one d e fe a t 4 y o u ; a rg u e lo u d a n d lo n g, fo r y o u are w iser a n d m ore e x p e rie n c e d a n d h a v e h e a rd m ore a n d are c le v e re r th a n h e is, d o n o t b e a fr a id o f h im , a n d w e w ill b e on y o u r s id e . B e c a u s e o f th is, n o t o n ly d id strife s arise w h ic h h a d n o t a risen b e fo re , b u t a lso strife s w h ich h a d arisen ro lled on to in crea se a n d m a g n itu d e . || i || T h o se w h o w ere m o d e st m o n k s lo o k e d d o w n u p o n , c ritic iz e d , sp read it a b o u t, s a y in g : H o w c a n th e se m o n k s w h o are fo llo w ers o f P a n d u k a a n d L o h it a k a a n d w h o a re th e m s e lv e s m a k ers o f strife , m a k e rs o f q u a rre ls, m a k e rs o f d is p u te s, m a k ers o f c o n te n tio n , m a k e rs o f le g a l q u e stio n s in an O rd er, h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d o th e r m o n k s w h o a re also m a k e rs o f strife . , . m a k e rs o f le g a l q u e stio n s in a n O rd e r, s p e a k th u s to th e m : * D o n o t y o u . . . a n d w e w ill b e on y o u r sid e .' B e c a u se o f th is . . . also s trife s w h ic h h a d a risen ro lle d on to in crease a n d m a g n itu d e . T h e n th e s e m o n k s to ld th is
1 T h e s e w e r e t w o o u t o f t h e g r o u p o f s ix m o n k s ; c f. p p . 8 ff. b e lo w . S e e B . D . i. 2 7 5 , n . 3 ; 3 14 * n . 2. M e n t io n e d a t V A . 6 1 4 ; M A . iii. 1 8 7 s a y s t h a t h a v in g t a k e n t h e i r o w n c o m p a n y { o f f o llo w e r s ) t h e y l i v e d in S a v a t t h I . T h e S a ta p a tta J d ta k a (N o . 2 7 9 ) w a s , s o i t is c l a im e d , g i v e n in r e f e r e n c e t o t h e s e m on ks. 2 O f. V i n . i v . 4 5 a n d s e e B . D . ii. 2 5 3 , n . 1 , f o r f u r t h e r r e f e r e n c e s t o t h e s e f iv e t e r m s . S in c e t h e y a ll r e fe r t o d is p u t e s a b o u t le g a l q u e s t i o n s , t h e r e f e r e n c e s g i v e n a t V i n . T e x t s ii. 3 2 9 , n . 2 , t o v a r io u s P a c i t t i y a s h a r d l y a p p l y . S e e a ls o B . D . i v . f 2 2 4 , 2 3 0 f 488 f . , 5 1 0 f. * C f . S a n g h . 8, 9, 10 , e t c . * m d eso a je s i. B*

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m a tte r to th e L o rd . T h e n th e L o r d , on th is o c ca sio n , in th is co n n e ctio n , h a v in g h a d th e O rd e r o f m o n k s c o n v e n e d , q u e s tio n e d th e m o n k s, s a y in g : " I s it tru e , a s is sa id , m o n k s, t h a t m o n k s w h o a re fo llo w e rs o f P a n d u k a a n d L o h it a k a [1] are th e m se lv e s m a k e rs o f s tr ife . . . h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d o th e r m o n k s w h o a re also m a k e rs o f s tr ife . . . s p e a k th u s to th e m : * D o n o t y o u * . . a n d w e w ill b e on y o u r sid e ' ? A n d th a t b e c a u s e o f th is . . . s tr ife s w h ic h h a v e a risen ro ll o n to in crea se a n d m a g n itu d e ? " I t is tru e , L o r d ." T h e A w a k e n e d O n e , th e L o rd , re b u k e d th e m , s a y in g : " I t is n o t s u ita b le , m o n k s , i t is n o t b e c o m in g in th e se fo o lish m en , i t is n o t fittin g , i t is n o t w o r th y o f a reclu se, it is n o t a llo w a b le , it is n o t to b e d o n e. H o w , m o n k s, c a n th e se fo o lish m e n w h o are th e m s e lv e s m a k e rs o f s tr ife . . . m a k e rs o f le g a l q u e stio n s in a n O rd e r, s p e a k th u s ; D o n o t y o u . . . a n d w e w ill b e o n y o u r sid e ' ? A n d b e c a u s e o f th is . . . strife s w h ic h h a v e a rise n ro ll o n to in crea se a n d m a g n itu d e . I t is n o t, m o n k s, fo r p le a s in g th o s e w h o a re n o t (yet) p le a se d n o r fo r in c re a sin g th e n u m b e r o f th o s e w h o are p le a se d , b u t, m o n k s, it is d isp le a sin g to th o se w h o a re n o t p le a se d as w e ll a s to th o se w h o a re p le a se d , a n d it c a u se s w a v e r in g in so m e . || 2 || T h e n th e L o rd , h a v in g re b u k e d th e s e m o n k s, h a v in g in m a n y a figu re sp o k e n in d isp ra ise o f d iffic u lty in su p p o rtin g a n d m a in ta in in g o n eself, o f g r e a t d esires, o f la c k o f co n te n tm e n t, o f c lin g in g (to th e o b s tru c tio n s ), o f in d o le n c e ; h a v in g in m a n y a fig u re sp o k e n in p ra ise o f e a se in s u p p o rtin g a n d m a in ta in in g o n eself, o f d e sirin g little , o f c o n te n tm e n t, o f e x p u n g in g (evil), o f p u n c tilio u sn e ss, o f g ra cio u sn e ss, o f d e cre a sin g (the o b stru c tio n s), o f p u ttin g fo rth e n e r g y ,1 h a v in g g iv e n reaso n ed t a lk o n w h a t is b e c o m in g , o n w h a t is fittin g fo r th e m , a d d re sse d th e m o n k s , s a y in g : " W e ll n o w , m o n k s , le t th e O r d e r c a r r y o u t a (fo rm al) a c t o f ce n su re 2 a g a in s t th e m o n k s w h o a re fo llo w e rs o f P a n d u k a a n d L o h ita k a . || 3 || " A n d th u s , m o n k s, sh o u ld i t b e c a rrie d o u t ; F ir s t, th e m o n k s w h o a re fo llo w e rs o f P a n d u k a a n d L o h it a k a sh o u ld be re p ro v e d ; h a v in g re p ro v e d th e m , t h e y sh o u ld b e m a d e to
1 C f . V i n . iii. 2 1 ( B . D . i. 3 7 ) , V t n . i. 45, 3 05 l o r th is passage. t a jja n iy a k a m m a . C f . M V . I . 2 5 - 2 2 a n d M V . X X . 7 . 1 - 5 .

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CULLAVAGGA

re m em b er ; h a v in g re m em b ere d , t h e y sh o u ld be a c cu se d o f an o ffen ce ; h a v in g a c cu se d th e m o f a n o ffen ce, th e O rd er sh o u ld b e in fo rm e d b y an e x p e rie n c e d , c o m p e te n t m o n k , s a y in g : ' H o n o u re d sirs, le t th e O rd e r lis te n to m e . T h e se m o n k s w h o are fo llo w e rs o f P a n d u k a a n d L o h ita k a a n d w h o are th e m se lv e s m a k e rs o f s trife . . . m a k e rs o f le g a l q u e stio n s in a n O rd er, h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d o th e r m o n k s w h o are also m a k e rs o f s trife . . . m a k e rs o f le g a l q u e stio n s in a n O rd er, sp o k e th u s (to th em ) : D o n o t y o u . . a n d w e w ill be on y o u r sid e B e c a u s e o f th is, n o t o n ly d id s trife s a rise w h ic h h a d n o t a rise n b e fo re , b u t a lso s trife s w h ic h h a d a risen ro lled on t o in crea se a n d m a g n itu d e* I f i t seem s r ig h t to th e O rd er, th e O rd e r m a y c a r r y o u t a (form al) a c t o f cen su re a g a in s t th e m o n k s w h o a re fo llo w e rs o f P a n d u k a a n d L o h ita k a . T h is is th e m o tio n . H o n o u re d sirs, le t th e O rd e r lis te n to m e. T h e se m o n k s w h o a re fo llo w e rs o f P a n d u k a a n d L o h ita k a a n d w h o a re th e m s e lv e s m a k e rs o f s tr ife . . . ro lle d o n to in crea se a n d m a g n itu d e . T h e O rd e r is c a r ry in g o u t a (form al) a c t o f cen su re a g a in s t th e m o n k s w h o a re fo llo w e rs o f P a n d u k a an d L o h ita k a . I f th e c a r r y in g o u t o f a (form al) ac,t o f ce n su re a g a in s t th e m o n k s w h o a re fo llo w e rs o f P a n d u k a a n d L o h ita k a is p le a sin g to th e v e n e ra b le ones, t h e y sh o u ld b e s i l e n t ; he to w h o m it is n o t p le a sin g sh o u ld s p e a k . A n d a se co n d tim e I s p e a k fo rth th is m a tte r . . . A n d a th ir d tim e I s p e a k fo rth th is m a tte r . . . H o n o u re d sirs, le t th e O rd e r lis te n to m e. T h e se m o n k s w h o a re fo llo w ers o f P a n d u k a a n d L o h ita k a a n d w h o are th e m s e lv e s m a k e rs o f s trife . . . he t o w h o m it is n o t p le a sin g sh o u ld sp e a k . A (form al) a c t o f cen su re a g a in s t th e m o n k s w h o are fo llo w e rs o f P a n d u k a a n d L o h ita k a is b e in g ca rried o u t b y th e O rd e r. I t is p le a sin g to th e O rd er, th e r e fore it is sile n t. T h u s d o I u n d e rsta n d th is .' || 4 j| 1 || [2] " M o n k s, i f it is p o ssessed o f th re e q u a litie s a (form al) a c t o f cen su re co m es t o b e n o t le g a lly v a lid a n d n o t d is c ip lin a r ily v a lid an d one t h a t is h a rd to s e ttle : (th a t is to sa y ) if i t is c a rrie d o u t n o t in th e p resen ce o f ,1 i f it is c a rrie d o u t w h e n th ere is no in te rro g a tio n , if it is c a rrie d o u t w ith o u t th e
1 S e e C V . I V . 14. 1 6 f f., a n d M V . I X . 6 . 1 . V A . v i. 1 1 5 5 s a y s it is n o t c a r r ie d o u t in. t h e p r e s e n c e o f t h e O r d e r , d h a m m a a n d d is c ip lin e , t h e in d iv i d u a l, a n d i s c a r r ie d o u t w i t h o u t h a v i n g r e p r o v e d h im , w i t h o u t h a v i n g a s k e d h im (to c o n s e n t ) a n d w i t h o u t h i s h a v i n g a c k n o w le d g e d it-

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a c k n o w le d g m e n t .1 M o n k s, i f it is p o ssessed o f th ese th re e q u a litie s a (form al) a c t o f c e n su re co m es to b e n o t le g a lly v a lid , n o t d is c ip lin a r ily v a lid a n d o n e t h a t is h a rd t o s e ttle . A n d , m o n k s, if i t is po ssessed o f th re e fu r th e r q u a litie s a (form al) a c t o f cen su re co m es t o b e o n e . . . a n d one th a t is h a rd to s e ttle : (th a t is to s a y ) if it is c a rrie d o u t w h en th e re is no offen ce, i f it is c a rrie d o u t fo r an o ffen ce t h a t does n o t le a d on to co n fe ssio n ,2 if it is c a rrie d o u t fo r an o ffe n ce t h a t h a s b e e n co n fe sse d . M o n k s, if it is p o ssessed o f th e se th re e q u a litie s a (form al) a c t o f ce n su re . . . one t h a t is h a rd to se ttle . A n d , m o n k s, if it is p o ssessed o f th re e fu r th e r q u a litie s a (form al) a c t o f c e n su re co m e s to b e . . . h a rd to s e ttle : (th a t is to sa y ) i f it is c a rrie d o u t w ith o u t h a v in g re p ro v e d h im , if it is c a rrie d o u t w ith o u t h a v in g m a d e h im re m em b er, if it is c a rrie d o u t w ith o u t h a v in g a c cu se d h im o f an offen ce. M o n k s, if it is p o ssessed o f th e s e th re e q u a litie s a (form al) a c t o f ce n su re co m es to b e . . . h a rd to settle* A n d , m o n k s, if it is p o ssessed o f th re e fu r th e r q u a litie s a (form al) a c t o f ce n su re co m es to b e . . . one t h a t is h a rd to s e ttle : (th a t is to sa y ) i f it is c a rrie d o u t n o t in th e p resen ce o f, if it is c a rrie d o u t n o t b y ru le , if it is c a rrie d o u t b y an in c o m p le te a ss e m b ly . M o n k s, if it is p o ssessed o f th e se th re e q u a litie s a (form al) a c t o f c e n su re co m es t o b e . . . one t h a t is h a rd to s e ttle . A n d , m o n k s, i f it is p o ssessed o f th re e fu rth e r q u a litie s a (form al) a c t o f c e n su re co m es to be . . . h a rd to s e ttle ; (th a t is to sa y ) if it is c a rrie d o u t w h e n th e re is n o in te rro g a tio n , if it is c a rrie d o u t n o t b y ru le, if i t is ca rrie d o u t b y a n in c o m p le te a s s e m b ly . M o n k s, i f it is po ssessed o f th e se th re e q u a litie s a (form al) a c t o f ce n su re co m es to b e - * . h a rd to s e ttle . A n d , m o n k s , if it is p o sse sse d o f th re e fu rth e r q u a litie s a (form al) a c t o f c e n su re . . . h a r d t o se ttle : (th a t is to sa y ) if it is c a rrie d o u t w ith o u t th e a c k n o w le d g m e n t, if it is c a rrie d o u t n o t b y ru le , i f it is c a r rie d o u t b y a n in c o m p le te a s s e m b ly . . . if it is c a r rie d o u t w h e n th e r e is no o ffen ce, i f it is c a rrie d o u t n o t b y ru le , if i t is c a rrie d o u t b y a n in c o m p le te a s s e m b ly . . . i f it is c a rrie d o u t fo r an o ffen ce t h a t d o es n o t le a d on t o co n fe ssio n , i f it is c a rrie d o u t n o t b y
1 I.e . o f th e a c c u se d m o n k . 1 a d e s a n u g a m in iy a , i.e . a Parajika o r lD c lu d e c e n s u r e o r c o n fe s s io n .

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rule, if it is c a rrie d o u t b y a n in c o m p le te a s s e m b ly . . . if it is c a rrie d o u t fo r a n o ffen ce t h a t h a s b e en co n fessed , if it is ca rrie d o u t n o t b y ru le , i f it is c a rrie d o u t b y a n in c o m p le te a s s e m b ly . . . i f it is c a rrie d o u t w ith o u t h a v in g re p ro v e d h im , if it is c a rrie d o u t n o t b y ru le, if it is c a rrie d o u t b y an in c o m p le te a s s e m b ly . * . i f i t is c a rrie d o u t w ith o u t h a v in g m a d e h im re m em b er, if it is c a rrie d o u t n o t b y ru le, if it is c a rrie d o u t b y a n in c o m p le te a s s e m b ly . * . i f it is ca rried o u t w ith o u t h a v in g a c c u s e d h im o f an o ffen ce, if it is c a rrie d o u t n o t b y ru le , if it is c a rrie d o u t b y an in c o m p le te a sse m b ly . I f, m o n k s, a (form al) a c t o f cen su re is possessed o f th e se th re e q u a litie s it co m es to be n o t le g a lly v a lid a n d n o t d is c ip lin a r ily v a lid a n d one t h a t is h a rd to s e t t le ." \ \ I f| T o ld are th e T w e lv e C ases o f (F o rm a l) A c t s th a t are n o t le g a lly v a lid . || 2 || M on ks, if it is po ssessed o f th re e q u a litie s a (form al) a c t o f cen su re co m es to b e a (form al) a c t th a t is le g a lly v a lid a n d a (form al) a c t t h a t is d is c ip lin a rily v a lid a n d one t h a t is e a s ily s e ttle d : (th a t is to sa y ) if i t is c a rrie d o u t in th e p re se n ce o f, if it is c a rrie d o u t w h e n th e re is in te rro g a tio n , if it is c a rrie d o u t w ith th e a c k n o w le d g m e n t. M o n k s, i f it is p o ssessed o f th ese th re e q u a litie s . . . e a s ily se ttle d . A n d , m o n k s, if it is possessed o f th re e fu rth e r q u a litie s . . . e a s ily s e ttle d : (th a t is to say) i f it is c a rrie d o u t w h e n th e r e is a n o ffen ce, if it is ca rrie d o u t w h e n th e re is a n o ffen ce w h ic h le a d s on t o c o n fe s sion, [3] i f it is c a rrie d o u t w h e n a n o ffe n ce h a s n o t been co n fessed . . . if it is c a rrie d o u t, h a v in g r e p ro v e d h im , i f it is ca rrie d o u t, h a v in g m a d e h im re m em b er, if it is c a rrie d o u t, h a v in g a c cu se d h im o f th e o ffen ce . . . if i t is c a rrie d o u t in th e presen ce o f, if it is c a rrie d o u t b y ru le , i f it is c a rrie d o u t b y a co m p le te a s s e m b ly . . . if it is c a r rie d o u t w h e n th e re is in te rro g a tio n , i f i t is c a rrie d o u t b y ru le , if it is c a rrie d o u t b y a c o m p le te a s s e m b ly . . . if it is c a rrie d o u t w ith th e a c k n o w le d g m e n t, if it is c a rrie d o u t b y ru le , i f it is c a rrie d o u t b y a c o m p le te a s s e m b ly . . . i f it is c a rrie d o u t w h e n th e re is an offen ce, if it is c a rrie d o u t b y ru le, if i t is c a rrie d o u t b y a co m p le te a ss e m b ly . . . if it is c a rrie d o u t w h e n th e re is an offence th a t le a d s o n to co n fe ssio n , i f i t is c a rrie d o u t b y ru le , if it is ca rrie d o u t b y a c o m p le te a s s e m b ly . . . if it is c a rrie d

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o u t w h en a n o ffen ce h a s n o t b e en c o n fe sse d , if it is c a rrie d o u t b y ru le, if it is c a rrie d o u t b y a c o m p le te a s s e m b ly . . . if it is c a rrie d o u t h a v in g re p ro v e d h im , if it is c a rrie d o u t b y ru le, if it is ca rrie d o u t b y a co m p le te a s s e m b ly . . . if it is c a rrie d o u t h a v in g m a d e h im re m em b er, i f it is c a rrie d o u t b y ru le, if it is c a rrie d o u t b y a c o m p le te a s s e m b ly . . . if it is c a rrie d o u t h a v in g a c cu s e d h im o f an o ffe n ce, if it is c a rrie d o u t b y ru le, if it is c a rrie d o u t b y a c o m p le te a s s e m b ly . I f, m o n k s, a (form al) a c t o f cen su re is p o ssessed o f th e s e th re e q u a litie s it co m es to b e a (form al) a c t t h a t is le g a lly v a lid a n d a (form al) a c t th a t is d is c ip lin a rily v a lid a n d o n e t h a t is e a s ily se ttle d . ||i|[ T o ld a re th e T w e lv e C a ses o f (F o rm a l) A c t s th a t a re le g a lly v a lid . || 3 |j " M o n k s, if a m o n k is po ssessed *o f th re e q u a litie s , a n O rd e r, i f it so d esires, m a y c a r r y o u t a (form al) a c t o f ce n su re a g a in s t h im ; if h e is a m a k e r o f s trife , a m a k e r o f q u a rre ls, a m a k e r o f d is p u te s, a m a k e r o f c o n te n tio n , a m a k e r o f le g a l q u e stio n s in a n O rd er ; if h e is ig n o ra n t, in e x p e rie n c e d , fu ll o f offen ces, n o t rid o f th e m 1 ; i f he liv e s in c o m p a n y w ith h o u seh o ld ers in u n b e c o m in g a sso c ia tio n w ith h o u se h o ld e rs .2 M o n k s, if a m o n k is p o ssessed o f th e s e th re e q u a litie s , a n O rd e r, if it so d esires, m a y c a r r y o u t a (form al) a c t o f ce n su re a g a in s t h im . A n d , m o n k s, i f a m o n k is p o ssessed o f th re e fu r th e r q u a litie s an O rd e r . . . a g a in s t h im : if, in re g a rd to m o ra l h a b it, h e c o m es to h a v e fa lle n a w a y fro m m o ra l h a b it 3 ; if, in re g a rd to g o o d h a b its , h e co m es to h a v e fa lle n a w a y fro m g o o d h a b its ; if, in re g a rd to (righ t) v ie w s , h e c o m e s to h a v e fa lle n a w a y fro m (right) v ie w s. M o n k s, if a m o n k is p o ssessed * . . a g a in s t h im . A n d , m o n k s, if a m o n k is p o ssessed o f th r e e fu rth e r q u a litie s, an O rd er, if it so d esires, m a y c a r r y o u t a (form al) a c t o f cen su re a g a in s t h im : if h e s p e a k s d is p ra is e o f th e A w a k e n e d O n e, if h e sp e a k s d is p ra is e o f dham m a , if he s p e a k s d is p ra is e o f th e O rd er. M o n k s, if a m o n k is p o ssessed o f th e se th re e q u a litie s , an O rd er, if it so d e sire s, m a y c a r r y o u t a (form al) a c t o f cen su re a g a in s t h im . || i || M o n k s, if an O rd er d esires, it m a y c a r r y o u t a (form al) a c t 1 dpattibahulo anapada.no ; cf. V in . i. 321 (B .D . iv. 461, n. 1). * C f. Vin. iv. 321-322, and B .D . iii. 207, n. 1. 8 C f . Vin. i. 63 (B .D . iv. 82).

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o f cen su re a g a in s t th re e (kin d s of) m o n k s : a g a in s t th e one w h o is a m a k e r o f s trife . . . a m a k e r o f le g a l q u e stio n s in th e O rd er ; a g a in s t th e one w h o is ig n o ra n t, in e x p e rie n c e d , fu ll o f offen ces, n o t rid o f th e m ; a g a in s t th e o n e w h o liv e s in c o m p a n y w ith h o u seh o ld ers in u n b e c o m in g a sso cia tio n w ith h o u seh o ld ers. M o n k s, if th e O rd e r d esires, it m a y c a r r y o u t a (form al) a c t o f cen su re a g a in st th e s e th re e (kin d s of) m onks* A n d , m o n k s, if th e O rd e r d esires, it m a y c a r r y o u t . I . a g a in s t th ree fu r th e r (kin d s of) m o n k s : a g a in s t th e one w h o , in re ga rd to m o ra l h a b it, co m es to h a v e fa lle n a w a y fro m m o ra l h a b it, a g a in s t th e one w h o , in re g a rd to g o o d h a b its , co m es to h a v e fa lle n a w a y fro m g o o d h a b its , a g a in s t th e o n e w h o , in re g a rd to (right) v ie w s, co m es to h a v e fa lle n a w a y fro m (righ t) v ie w s. M onks, if a n O rd er d esires . . . a g a in s t th e se th re e (kin d s of) m o n ks. A n d , m o n k s, i f an O rd e r d esires, it m a y c a r r y o u t . . * a g a in st th re e fu r th e r (kin d s of) m o n k s : [4] a g a in s t th e o n e w h o sp e a k s d isp ra ise o f th e A w a k e n e d O n e , a g a in s t th e one w h o sp e a k s d isp ra ise o f dham m a , a g a in s t th e o n e w h o sp e a k s d isp ra ise o f th e O rd er. M on ks, if an O rd e r d esires, i t m a y c a r r y o u t a (form al) a c t o f cen su re a g a in s t th e se th re e (kin d s of) m o n k s. || 2 j| T o ld a re th e S ix C a ses on B e in g D e siro u s. [| 4 j| " M o n k s, w h e n a (form al) a c t o f ce n su re h a s b een c a rrie d o u t a g a in s t a m o n k , he sh o u ld c o n d u c t h im s e lf p ro p e rly . T h is is th e p ro p e r c o n d u c t in th is ca se 1 : he sh o u ld n o t o rd a in , he sh o u ld n o t g iv e g u id a n c e ,2 a n o v ic e sh o u ld n o t a tte n d h im ,3 th e a g ree m e n t fo r h im to e x h o r t n u n s 4 sh o u ld n o t b e c o n se n te d to , a n d e v e n if he is a g re e d u p o n n u n s sh o u ld n o t b e e x h o r te d (b y h im ), he sh o u ld n o t fa ll in to th a t (sam e) o ffen ce fo r w h ic h a (form al) a c t o f cen su re ca m e to b e c a rrie d o u t a g a in s t h im b y an O rd er, n o r in to a n o th e r t h a t is sim ila r, n o r in to o n e t h a t is w o rse, h e sh o u ld n o t fin d fa u lt w ith th e (form al) a c t , 6 h e sh o u ld n o t fin d fa u lt w ith th o se w h o c a r r y o u t th e (form al) a c t, he sh o u ld n o t su sp en d a re g u la r m o n k s O b s e r v a n c e ,6 h e below, CV. II. i. 2 ; X. 20 . MV. I. 36 . i. See MV. I. 36 , 37 for this trio. * C f . Monks' Pac. and CV. X. 9 . 4. 6 I.e. the act of censure, V A . vi. 1156. From here to end of ]| 1 || recurs at CV. I.
1 C f. 1 C f.

27 .

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C f.

also CV. X.

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sh o u ld n o t su sp en d h is I n v it a t io n ,1 he sh o u ld n o t issu e c o m m a n d s ,2 h e sh o u ld n o t set u p a u t h o r it y ,3 he sh o u ld n o t a sk for le a v e ,4.he sh o u ld n o t re p ro v e ,5 h e sh o u ld n o t m a k e re m em b er, he sh o u ld n o t q u a rre l 6 w ith m o n k s || x [| T o ld are th e E ig h te e n O b se rv a n c e s c o n n e c te d w ith a (F o rm al) A c t o f C en su re. || 5 | | T h e n th e O rd e r c a rrie d o u t a (form al) a c t o f c e n su re a g a in s t th e m o n k s w h o w ere fo llo w e rs o f P a n d u k a a n d L o h ita k a . T h e se , w h en th e (fo n n a l) a c t of ce n su re h a d b e en c a rrie d o u t a g a in s t th e m b y th e O rd er, c o n d u c te d th e m s e lv e s p ro p e rly , w ere su b d u e d , m e n d e d th e ir w a y s , a n d h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d m o n k s, t h e y sp o k e th u s : W e , y o u r re v e re n c e s, a g a in s t w h o m a (form al) a c t o f cen su re w a s c a r rie d o u t b y th e O rd er, are c o n d u c tin g o u rse lv e s p ro p e rly , w e a re su b d u e d , w e a re m e n d in g o u r w a y s . N o w , w h a t lin e o f c o n d u c t s h o u ld b e fo llo w e d b y u s ? T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e s a id : " W e ll th e n , m o n ks, le t th e O rd e r r e v o k e th e (form al) a c t o f cen su re a g a in s t th e m o n k s w h o a re fo llo w e rs o f P a n d u k a a n d L o h ita k a . Ii i Ii " M o n k s, if a m o n k is p o ssessed o f fiv e q u a litie s a (form al) a c t o f cen su re sh o u ld n o t b e r e v o k e d : if h e o rd a in s, if h e g iv e s g u id a n c e , if a n o v ic e a tte n d s h im , if he c o n se n ts to th e a g re e m e n t fo r h im to e x h o r t n u n s, if h e e x h o r ts n u n s e ve n a lth o u g h a g re e d u p o n . M o n k s, if a m o n k is p o ssessed o f th e s e fiv e q u a li tie s a (form al) a c t o f ccn su re sh o u ld n o t be r e v o k e d . A n d , m o n k s, if a m o n k is p o ssessed o f fiv e fu rth e r q u a litie s a (form al) a c t o f ce n su re sh o u ld n o t b e r e v o k e d ; if h e fa lls in to th a t (same) o ffen ce fo r w h ic h th e (form al) a c t o f ce n su re w a s ca rrie d o u t a g a in s t h im b y th e O rd e r, o r in to a n o th e r t h a t is sim ila r,
V A . 1156 says : " I am doing the savacanlya of the venerable ones in this matter, do not go one footstep back from this residence while the legal question is not settled/* The word savacaniya occurs again at CV. II. 1 . 2. See Vin. Texts ii. 338, n. 6 ; 386, n. 2. 3 anuvada. V A . 1156 says * * in a vihara he should not take the chief place." 4 I.e. to ask questions; see MV. II. 1 6 . r, IV. 1 6 , 1, 2. 6 Cf. CV. X . 9 . 5. # s a m p a y o j e t i , also meaning to associate. V A . 1 1 5 6 gives both meanings, saying : " having joined one another, a quarrel should not be made.* The sense of to quarrel *' here would be of disputing about legal questions. The foregoing prohibitions indicate that a monk undergoing censure is not expected to have no dealings with his fellow monks. 1 C f . MV. IV. 16 . 2. 2 na savacanlyam katabbam.

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or in to o n e th a t is w o rse, if h e fin d s fa u lt w ith th e (form al) a c t, if he fin d s fa u lt w ith th o se w h o c a r r y o u t th e (form al) a c t. M onks, if a m o n k is p o ssessed o f th e se fiv e q u a litie s a (form al) a c t o f cen su re sh o u ld n o t be re v o k e d . M on ks, if a m o n k is p o ssessed o f e ig h t q u a litie s [5] a (form al) a c t o f cen su re sh o u ld n o t be re v o k e d : i f h e su sp e n d s a re g u la r m o n k 's O b servan ce* if he su sp en d s his I n v ita tio n , if h e issues co m m a n d s, if he se ts u p a u th o r ity , if he a sk s fo r le a v e , if h e re p ro v e s, if he m a k e s rem em b er, if he q u a rre ls w ith m o n k s. M o n k s, i f a m o n k is possessed o f th e se e ig h t q u a litie s th e (form al) a c t o f cen su re sh o u ld n o t b e r e v o k e d . j|2 [| T o ld a re th e E ig h te e n C ases w h ere (a F o r m a l A c t o f C ensure) sh o u ld n o t b e re v o k e d . || 6 || " M o n k s, if a m o n k is po ssessed o f fiv e q u a litie s a (form al) a c t o f cen su re m a y be r e v o k e d : if he d o es n o t o rd a in , if he does n o t g iv e g u id a n c e , if a n o v ic e d o es n o t a tte n d h im , if he does n o t co n se n t to th e a g re e m e n t fo r e x h o r tin g n u n s, if, a lth o u g h a g re e d u p o n , h e d o es n o t e x h o r t n u n s. M o n k s, if a m o n k is p o ssessed . . . m a y b e re v o k e d . A n d , m o n k s, if a m o n k is p o ssessed o f fiv e fu r th e r q u a litie s a (form al) a c t o f cen su re m a y b e r e v o k e d : i f he does n o t fa ll in to th a t (sam e) offen ce fo r w h ic h th e (form al) a c t o f cen su re c a m e to b e ca rrie d o u t a g a in s t h im , n o r in to a n o th e r th a t is sim ila r, n or in to one th a t is w o rse, if h e does n o t find fa u lt w ith th e (form al) a c t, if h e d oes n o t find fa u lt w ith th o se w h o c a r r y o u t th e (form al) a c t. M on ks, if a m o n k . . . m a y b e re v o k e d . M onks, if a m o n k is p o ssessed o f e ig h t q u a litie s a (form al) a c t o f cen su re m a y be re v o k e d ; if h e d o es n o t su s p e n d a re g u la r m o n k s O b se rv a n c e , if he does n o t su sp en d h is I n v i t a tio n , if he does n o t issue co m m a n d s, if he does n o t se t up a u th o r ity , if he does n o t a s k fo r le a v e , if he d o es n o t re p ro v e , if he d o es n o t m a k e rem em b er, if h e d o es n o t q u a rre l w ith m o n ks. M on ks, i f a m o n k is p o ssessed o f th ese e ig h t q u a litie s th e (form al) a c t o f cen su re m a y be r e v o k e d . || x || T o ld a re th e E ig h te e n C ases (w h ere a F o r m a l A c t o f C ensure) m a y b e re v o k e d . || 7 || A n d th u s , m o n k s, sh o u ld it b e re v o k e d : T h o se m o n k s w h o are fo llo w ers o f P a n d u k a a n d L o h ita k a , h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d th e

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O rd er, h a v in g (each) a rra n g e d th e u p p e r ro b e o v e r o n e sh o u ld er, h a v in g h o n o u re d th e fe e t o f th e se n io r m o n k s, h a v in g s a t d o w n on th e ir h a u n ch es, h a v in g s tr e tc h e d fo rth th e ir jo in e d p a lm s, sh o u ld sp e a k th u s to i t : A (fo rm al) a c t o f ce n su re , h o n o u re d sirs, w a s c a rrie d o u t a g a in s t us b y th e O rd e r ; b u t w e are c o n d u c tin g o u rse lv e s p r o p e r ly , w e a re su b d u e d , w e are m e n d in g o u r w a y s ; a n d w e a s k fo r th e r e v o c a tio n o f th e (form al) a c t o f cen su re \ A n d a se co n d tim e it sh o u ld b e a s k e d fo r . . . A n d a th ird tim e it sh o u ld b e a sk e d fo r * . . T h e O rd e r sh o u ld b e in fo rm ed b y an e x p e rie n c e d c o m p e te n t m o n k , s a y in g : || i || " ' H o n o u re d sirs, le t th e O rd e r lis te n to m e. T h e s e m o n k s, fo llo w ers o f P a n d u k a a n d L o h it a k a , a g a in s t w h o m a (form al) a c t o f ce n su re w a s c a rrie d o u t b y th e O rd e r, a re c o n d u c tin g th e m se lv e s p ro p e rly , t h e y a re s u b d u e d , t h e y a re m e n d in g th e ir w a y s , [ 6 ] a n d t h e y a s k fo r th e r e v o c a tio n o f th e (form al) a c t o f cen su re. I f it seem s r ig h t to th e O rd er, th e O rd e r m a y re v o k e th e (form al) a c t o f ce n su re fo r th e m o n k s w h o a re fo llo w ers o f P a n d u k a a n d L o h ita k a , T h is is th e m o tio n . H o n o u red sirs, le t th e O rd e r lis te n t o m e. T h e s e m o n k s, fo llo w e rs o f P a n d u k a a n d L o h ita k a , a g a in s t w h o m a (fo rm al) a c t o f cen su re w a s ca rrie d o u t b y th e O rd er, are c o n d u c tin g th e m se lv e s p ro p e rly , t h e y a re su b d u e d , th e y a re m e n d in g th e ir w a y s , a n d th e y a s k fo r th e re v o c a tio n o f th e (form al) a c t o f ce n su re . T h e O rd er is r e v o k in g th e (form al) a c t o f ce n su re fo r th e m o n k s w h o a re fo llo w e rs o f P a n d u k a a n d L o h ita k a . I f th e r e v o c a tio n o f th e (form al) a c t o f ce n su re fo r th e m o n k s w h o a re fo llo w e rs o f P a n d u k a a n d L o h ita k a is p le a s in g to th e v e n e ra b le ones, t h e y sh o u ld be sile n t ; he to w h o m it is n o t p le a s in g sh o u ld sp e a k . A n d a se co n d tim e I s p e a k fo r th th is m a tte r . . . A n d a th ird tim e I s p e a k fo r th th is m a t t e r . . . sh o u ld sp e a k . T h e (form al) a c t o f ce n su re is r e v o k e d b y th e O rd e r fo r th e m o n k s w h o a re fo llo w e rs o f P a n d u k a a n d L o h ita k a . I t is p le a s in g to th e O rd er, th e re fo re it is sile n t. T h u s d o I u n d e rsta n d th is .' ii 2 n8 ii T o ld is th e F ir s t (F o rm a l) A c t : t h a t o f C e n su re. N o w a t t h a t tim e th e v e n e r a b le S e y y a s a k a 1 w a s ig n o ra n t, 1 At V in . iii. n o ff. he is represented as committing the offence for which the first SanghAdisesa was formulated.

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in ex p erie n ced , fu ll o f o ffen ces, n o t rid o f th e m ; h e liv e d in c o m p a n y w ith h o u seh o ld ers in u n b e c o m in g a sso c ia tio n w ith h o u seh o ld ers .1 S o m u ch so t h a t th e m o n k s w ere d o n e u p 2 w ith g ra n tin g h im p ro b a tio n , se n d in g h im b a c k to th e b e g in n in g , im p o sin g m anatta , r e h a b ilita tin g h im .3 T h o s e w h o w e re m o d est m o n k s lo o k e d d o w n u p o n , c ritic is e d , sp re a d it a b o u t, s a y in g : H o w c a n th e v e n e ra b le S e y y a s a k a , ig n o ra n t, in e x p erie n ced . . . r e h a b ilita tin g h im ? T h e n th e se m o n k s to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . T h e n th e L o rd , on th is o cca sio n , in th is co n n e c tio n , h a v in g h a d th e O rd e r o f m o n k s c o n v e n e d , q u e stio n e d th e m o n k s, s a y in g : Is it tru e , as is sa id , m o n k s, t h a t th e m o n k S e y y a s a k a , ig n o ra n t, in e x p e rie n c e d . . . re h a b ilita tin g h im ? " I t is tru e , L o r d / ' T h e A w a k e n e d O n e, th e L o r d , re b u k e d th e m , s a y in g : " I t is n o t s u ita b le , m o n k s, it is n o t b e c o m in g in th is fo o lish m a n , it is n o t fittin g , it is n o t w o r th y o f a reclu se, it is n o t a llo w a b le , it is n o t to b e d o n e. F o r h o w , m o n k s, c a n th is fo o lish m a n , ig n o ra n t, in e x p e rie n c e d . . . r e h a b ilita tin g h im ? I t is n o t, m o n k s, fo r p le a sin g th o se w h o a re n o t (yet) p le a se d , n o r fo r in c re a sin g th e n u m b e r o f th o se w h o are p le a se d . . / ' A n d h a v in g re b u k e d th e m , h a v in g g iv e n re aso n ed ta lk , h e a d d ressed th e m o n k s, s a y in g : [ 7 ] " W e ll th e n , m o n k s, le t th e O rd e r c a r r y o u t a (form al) a c t o f g u id a n c e 4 fo r th e m o n k S e y y a s a k a , s a y in g : ' Y o u sh o u ld liv e in d e p e n d e n c e 5 \ Hi |l A n d th u s , m o n k s, sh o u ld i t be c a rrie d o u t : F ir s t, th e m o n k S e y y a s a k a sh o u ld b e r e p r o v e d ; h a v in g re p ro v e d h im , he sh o u ld be m a d e to re m e m b e r ; h a v in g m a d e h im rem em b er, h e sh o u ld b e a c cu se d o f th e o ffen ce ; h a v in g a c c u s e d h im o f th e offen ce, th e O rd e r sh o u ld b e in fo rm e d b y a n e x p e rie n c e d , c o m p e te n t m o n k , s a y in g : H o n o u red sirs, le t th e O rd e r listen to m e. T h is m o n k S e y y a s a k a , ig n o ra n t, in e x p e rie n c e d . . , above, CV. I. 4 . i. 1 pakata , done away with ; so, exhausted, worn out, *' fed up.* s As V in . Texts ii. 343, n. 1 indicates, it is not clear why a Saogh&disesa should be attributed to Seyyasaka, but it suggests that the answer may appear at V in . Texts ii. 384, n. r. The text may have in mind Vin. iii. 110 (see above, p. io, n)* Certainly there is a tradition conrecting Seyyasaka with the Sanghadisesa type of offence. There was for monks no recognised offence incurring a penalty if they lived in association with householders. * nissayakamma . C / , MV. I. 25 . 22 ; IX. 7 . 6, 14. B nissaya. C f. B .D . iv. 79, 100 f.
1 C f.

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re h a b ilita tin g h im . I f it seem s rig h t to th e O rd er, le t th e O rd er c a r r y o u t a (form al) a c t o f g u id a n c e fo r th e m o n k S e y y a s a k a , s a y in g : Y o u sh o u ld liv e in d e p e n d e n c e ." T h is is th e m o tio n . H o n o u re d sirs, le t th e O rd er liste n t o m e. T h is m o n k S e y y a s a k a , ig n o ra n t, in e x p e rie n c e d . . . r e h a b ilita tin g h im . T h e O rd e r is c a r ry in g o u t a (form al) a c t o f g u id a n c e fo r th e m o n k S e y y a s a k a , s a y in g : f Y o u sh o u ld liv e in d e p en d e n ce I f th e c a r ry in g o u t o f th e (form al) a c t o f g u id a n c e , s a y in g " Y o u sh o u ld liv e in d e p en d e n ce " , fo r th e m o n k S e y y a s a k a is p le a s in g to th e v e n e ra b le o n es, t h e y sh o u ld b e sile n t ; he to w h o m it is n o t p le a sin g sh o u ld sp e a k . A n d a seco n d tim e I sp e a k fo rth th is m a tte r . . . A n d a th ird tim e I s p e a k fo r th th is m a tte r . . , he to w h o m it is n o t p le a sin g sh o u ld sp e a k . A (form al) a c t o f g u id a n c e , s a y in g : " Y o u sh o u ld liv e in d e p e n d en ce , is b e in g c a rrie d o u t b y th e O rd e r fo r th e m o n k S e y y a s a k a . I t is p le a sin g to th e O rd e r, th e re fo re it is sile n t. T h u s do I u n d e rsta n d th is / [| 2 jj 9 || " I f a m o n k , m o n k s , is po ssessed o f th re e q u a litie s . . . ( Ch. 3 - 5 . In stea d o f (form al) a c t o f cen su re, b y c a r ry in g o u t a (form al) a c t o f ce n su re read (form al) a c t o f g u id a n c e , b y c a r ry in g o u t a (form al) a c t o f g u id a n ce ) . . . h e sh o u ld n o t q u a rrel w ith m o n k s . || 1 || T o ld a re th e E ig h te e n O b se rv a n c e s c o n n e c te d w ith a (F o rm al) A c t o f G u id a n c e . [| 10 || T h e n th e O rd e r c a rrie d o u t a (form al) a c t o f g u id a n c e fo r th e m o n k S e y y a s a k a , s a y in g : Y o u sh o u ld liv e in d e p e n d e n c e ." A fte r th e (form al) a c t o f g u id a n c e h a d b een ca rrie d o u t b y th e O rd er, h e , c h o o sin g , a s s o c ia tin g w ith , v is itin g frien d s w h o w ere lo v e ly 1 (in d e ed ), m a k in g th e m re c ite , in te rro g a tin g th e m , c a m e to b e one w h o h a d h e a rd m u c h ,2 o n e to w h o m th e tra d itio n w a s h a n d e d d o w n ; a n e x p e r t in dham m a , an e x p e rt in d isc ip lin e , an e x p e r t in th e h e a d in g s ; e x p e rie n c e d , w ise, m o d e st, sc ru p u lo u s, d e siro u s o f th e tr a in in g ; h e c o n d u c te d h im s e lf p ro p e rly , w a s su b d u e d , a n d m e n d e d h is w a y s ; an d , h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d m o n k s, he sp o k e th u s : I, y o u r re ve ren ce s, 1 kalyayamitta ; cf. D kp . 375. Or the word may be in the technical sense of a spiritual adviser, as at 5 . v. 3. * As at Vin. i. 119 , 337, iv. 158, etc.

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fo r w h o m a (form al) a c t o f g u id a n c e w a s ca rrie d o u t b y th e O rd er, a m c o n d u c tin g m y s e lf p ro p e rly , I a m su b d u e d an d a m m e n d in g m y w a y s . W h a t lin e o f c o n d u c t sh o u ld b e fo llo w ed b y m e ? T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e said : " W e ll th e n , m o n k s, le t th e O rd e r re v o k e th e (form al) a c t o f g u id a n c e fo r th e m o n k S e y y a s a k a . || i [| " M o n k s, if a m o n k is possessed o f liv e q u a litie s [8] . . . ( = I. 6 .2- 7 . In stead o f (form al) a c t o f ce n su re read (form al) a c t o f g u id a n ce) . . . m a y be re v o k e d . || 2 || T o ld a re th e E ig h te e n C ases (w here a F o r m a l A c t o f G u id ance) m a y b e re v o k e d . || 1 1 |[ A n d th u s , m o n k s, sh o u ld it b e r e v o k e d : M o n k s, th e m o n k S e y y a s a k a , h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d th e O rd e r, h a v in g a rra n g e d his u p p er ro b e o v e r one sh o u ld er, h a v in g s a lu te d th e fe e t o f th e sen io r m o n k s, h a v in g s a t d o w n on h is h a u n ch es, h a v in g stre tc h e d fo rth h is jo in e d p a lm s, sh o u ld sp e a k th u s to it : ' I , h o n o u red sirs, fo r w h o m a (form al) a c t o f g u id a n c e w a s ca rrie d o u t b y th e O rd er, a m c o n d u c tin g m y s e lf p ro p e rly ,. I a m s u b d u e d , I a m m e n d in g m y w a y s I a sk fo r th e re v o c a tio n o f th e (form al) a c t o f g u id a n c e \ A n d a seco n d tim e it sh o u ld b e a sk ed fo r . . . A n d a th ir d tim e it sh o u ld be a sk e d fo r. |j i || T h e O rd er sh o u ld b e in fo rm e d b y an e x p e rie n c e d , co m p e te n t m o n k , s a y in g : H o n o u re d sirs, le t th e O rd er liste n to m e. T h is m o n k S e y y a s a k a , fo r w h o m a (form al) a c t o f g u id a n ce w a s ca rrie d o u t b y th e O rd er, is c o n d u c tin g h im self p ro p e rly , he is su b d u e d , he is m e n d in g his w a y s ; h e a sk s for th e re v o c a tio n o f th e (form al) a c t o f g u id a n c e . I f it seem s rig h t to th e O rd er, th e O rd e r m a y re v o k e th e (form al) a c t o f g u id a n c e fo r th e m o n k S e y y a s a k a . T h is is th e m o tio n . H o n o u red sirs, le t th e O rd er liste n to m e. T h is m o n k S e y y a s a k a , fo r w h o m a (form al) a c t o f g u id a n c e w a s ca rrie d o u t b y th e O rd er, is c o n d u c tin g h im s e lf p ro p e rly , he is su b d u e d , he is m e n d in g his w a y s ; he a sk s fo r th e re v o c a tio n o f th e (form al) a c t o f g u id an ce. I f th e r e v o c a tio n o f th e (form al) a c t o f g u id a n c e fo r th e m o n k S e y y a s a k a is p le a sin g to th e v e n e ra b le o n es, t h e y sh o u ld be sile n t ; he to w h o m it is n o t p le a sin g sh o u ld sp e a k . And a seco n d tim e I sp e a k fo rth th is m a tte r . . . A n d a th ird tim e I sp e a k fo rth th is m a tte r . . . T h e (form al) a c t o f g u id a n c e

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fo r th e m o n k S e y y a s a k a is r e v o k e d b y th e O rd er. I t is p le a s in g to th e O rd er, th e re fo re it is s ile n t. T h u s do I u n d e rsta n d th is / || 2 || 1 2 || T o ld is th e S e co n d (F o rm a l) A c t : t h a t o f G u id a n c e . N o w a t th a t tim e 1 u n scru p u lo u s, d e p r a v e d m o n k s w h o w ere fo llo w e rs o f A s s a ji a n d P u n a b b a s u w e re in re sid e n ce a t K it a g ir i. T h e y in d u lg e d in th e fo llo w in g k in d s o f b a d h a b its : t h e y p la n te d a n d ca u se d to b e p la n te d sm a ll flo w e rin g t r e e s ; t h e y w a te re d th e m a n d h a d th e m w a te r e d ; t h e y p lu c k e d th e m a n d h a d th e m p lu c k e d ; t h e y tie d th e m u p in to (garlan d s) a n d h a d th e m tie d u p ; t h e y m a d e g a r la n d s a n d h a d th e m m a d e w ith a s ta lk on one sid e ; t h e y m a d e g a r la n d s a n d h a d th e m m a d e w ith a s ta lk on b o th sid es ; t h e y m a d e a n d h a d a b ra n c h in g flo w e r-s ta lk m a d e ; t h e y m a d e a w r e a th a n d h a d o n e m a d e ; t h e y m a d e a g a rla n d w o rn ro u n d th e fo re h e a d a n d h a d one m a d e ; t h e y m a d e a n d h a d a n e a r -o m a m e n t m a d e ; [9] t h e y m a d e a n d h a d a b r e a s t-p la te m a d e . T h e se (m onks) to o k o r sen t g a rla n d s h a v in g a s t a lk on o n e sid e to w iv e s o f r e p u ta b le fa m ilie s , to d a u g h te rs o f r e p u ta b le fa m ilie s , to g irls o f re p u ta b le fa m ilie s, to d a u g h te rs-in -la w o f r e p u ta b le fa m ilie s, to fe m a le sla v e s o f re p u ta b le fa m ilie s. T h e y to o k o r se n t g a rla n d s h a v in g a s ta lk on b o th sid es ; t h e y to o k o r sen t a b ra n c h in g flo w ers ta lk ; t h e y to o k o r sen t a w r e a th . . . a g a rla n d w o rn ro u n d th e fo reh e a d . . . a n e a r-o rn a m e n t . . a b r e a s tp la te . T h e se a te fro m one d ish to g e th e r w ith w iv e s o f r e p u ta b le fa m ilie s, w ith d a u g h te rs o f re p u ta b le fa m ilie s , w ith g irls o f re p u ta b le fa m ilie s, w ith d a u g h te rs -in -la w o f r e p u ta b le fa m ilie s, w ith w o m en s la v e s o f re p u ta b le fa m ilie s ; a n d t h e y d r a n k fro m th e sa m e b e a k e r ; t h e y s a t d o w n o n th e sa m e se a t ; t h e y sh a re d one c o u c h ; t h e y sh a re d o n e m a t ; t h e y sh a re d o n e c o v e rle t ; t h e y sh a re d o n e m a t a n d c o v e r le t. A n d t h e y a te a t th e w ro n g t i m e ; a n d t h e y d r a n k in to x ic a n ts ; a n d t h e y w o re g a rla n d s a n d u se d p e rfu m e s a n d c o sm e tics ; t h e y d a n c e d a n d sa n g a n d p la y e d m u sic a l in stru m e n ts , a n d t h e y sp o rte d . T h e y d a n c e d w h e n sh e d a n c e d ; t h e y sa n g w h e n sh e d a n c e d ; t h e y p la y e d m u sic a l in s tru m e n ts w h e n sh e d a n c e d ; t h e y s p o rte d w h e n sh e
1 T h e w h o le o f 13 o c c u r s a t S a n g h . X I I I . 1 . 1 - 7 . w h e re n o te s a re g iv e n . S e e B . D . i. 3 1 4 - 3 2 2 *

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d a n c e d ; t h e y d a n c e d w h e n sh e sa n g . . . t h e y d a n c e d w h en sh e p la y e d m u sic a l in stru m e n ts . . . t h e y d a n c e d w h e n she sp o rte d . . . t h e y sp o rte d w h en sh e sp o rte d , || 1 j| T h e y p la y e d on a c h e q u e re d b o a rd fo r g a m b li n g ; th e y p la y e d on a d ra u g h t-b o a rd : th e y p la y e d w ith im a g in in g su ch b o a rd s in th e a ir ; t h e y p la y e d a g a m e o f k e e p in g s te p p in g on to d ia g ra m s ; t h e y p la y e d w ith s p illik a n s . . . a t d ic e . . . t i p c a t . . . b ru sh -h a n d . . . w ith a b a ll . . . a t b lo w in g th ro u g h t o y p ip e s m a d e o f le a v e s . . . w ith a t o y p lo u g h . . . a t tu r n in g so m e rsa u lts . . . w ith a t o y w in d m ill . . . w ith a t o y m ea su re o f le a v e s . . . w ith a t o y c a r t . . . w ith a t o y b o w . . . th e y p la y e d a g a m e o f g u e ssin g a t le tte r s . . . a m in d re a d in g g a m e . . . a g a m e o f m im ic k in g d e fo rm itie s . . . t h e y tra in e d th e m s e lv e s in e le p h a n t lo re . . . h orse lo re . . . c a r ria g e lo re . . . a r c h e r y . . . sw o rd sm a n sh ip , . . th e n t h e y ra n in fro n t o f a n e le p h a n t . . . a h o rse . . . a c h a rio t ; n o w th e y ra n b a c k w a rd s, n o w t h e y ra n fo rw a rd s ; a n d t h e y w h is tle d a n d t h e y sn a p p e d th e ir fin g ers a n d t h e y w re stle d a n d t h e y fo u g h t w ith fists ; a n d , h a v in g sp re a d o u t th e ir u p p e r ro b es a s a sta g e , t h e y sa id t o a d a n c in g - g ir l: D a n c e here, siste r " , a n d t h e y a p p la u d e d , a n d t h e y in d u lg e d in v a rio u s b a d h a b its . |! 2 || N o w a t t h a t tim e a c e rta in m o n k , h a v in g sp e n t th e ra in s a m o n g th e p eo p le o f KasT, w h ile g o in g to S a v a t t h i so a s to see th e L o rd , a r r iv e d a t K it a g ir i. T h e n th is m o n k , d ressin g e a r ly a n d ta k in g h is b o w l a n d ro b e e n te re d K it a g ir i fo r alm sfo o d . H e w a s p le a sin g w h e th e r h e w a s a p p ro a c h in g or d e p a rtin g , w h e th e r he w a s lo o k in g fo rw a rd o r lo o k in g b e h in d , w h e th e r h e w a s d ra w in g in o r s tr e tc h in g o u t (his a rm ), h is eye s w ere c a s t d o w n , h e w a s possessed o f p le a s a n t d e p o rtm e n t. P e o p le , h a v in g seen th is m o n k , sp o k e th u s : [10] W h o c a n th is b e lik e a n id io t o f id io ts, lik e a fo o l o f fo o ls, lik e a v e r y su p e rc ilio u s perso n ? W h o w ill g o u p to h im an d g iv e h im a lm s ? O u r m a ste rs, th e fo llo w e rs o f A s s a ji an d P u n a b b a s u a re p o lite , g e n ia l, p le a sa n t o f sp ee ch , b e a m in g w ith sm iles, s a y in g : C o m e, y o u are w e lco m e \ T h e y a re n o t su p ercilio u s, t h e y are e a s ily a cce ssib le, t h e y are th e first to sp e a k . T h e re fo re a lm s sh o u ld be g iv e n to th e m ." A c e rta in la y fo llo w e r s a w t h a t m o n k w a lk in g fo r a lm sfo o d in K i t a g i r i ; seein g th a t m o n k , h e w e n t u p to h im , a n d h a v in g

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gon e u p to h im a n d g re e te d h im , h e sa id : H o n o u re d sir, are a lm s o b ta in a b le ? " N o , sir, a lm s are n o t o b ta in a b le ." C o m e, h o n o u re d sir, w e w ill g o t o (m y) h o u s e ." || 3 || T h e n th a t la y fo llo w er, h a v in g ta k e n t h a t m o n k to his ho u se a n d m a d e h im e a t, s a id : " W h e re , h o n o u red sir, w ill th e m a s te r g o ? " I w ill g o to S a v a tth I, sir, to see th e L o r d ." T h e n , h o n o u re d sir, in m y n a m e s a lu te th e L o r d s fe e t w ith y o u r h e a d a n d s a y : L o rd , th e re sid e n ce a t K it a g ir i h a s b een c o rru p te d . A t K it a g ir i a re re sid in g u n scru p u lo u s, d e p ra v e d m o n k s w h o are fo llo w e rs o f A s s a ji a n d P u n a b b a s u . T h e y in d u lg e in th e fo llo w in g b a d h a b its . . . t h e y in d u lg e in a v a r ie t y o f b a d h a b its . L o rd , th o se m en w h o fo r m e r ly h a d fa ith a n d w ere b e lie v in g n o w h a v e no fa ith a n d are n o t b e lie v in g . T h o se w h o fo rm e rly w ere c h a n n e ls fo r g ift s to th e O rd e r a re n o w c u t o ff ; t h e y n e g le ct th e w e ll b e h a v e d m o n k s, a n d th e d e p ra v e d m o n k s s t a y on. I t w e re g o o d , L o r d , if th e L o r d w o u ld sen d m o n k s to K it a g ir i, so th a t th is re sid e n ce a t K it a g ir i m a y b e s e ttle d / " V e r y w ell, s i r ," a n d t h a t m o n k h a v in g a n sw e re d th e la y fo llo w er in assen t, risin g fro m h is se a t d e p a rte d fo r S a v a tth I . G r a d u a lly he a p p ro a c h e d S a v a tth i, th e J e t a G ro v e , A n a th a pin^iika's m o n a s te ry a n d th e L o r d ; h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d a n d g re e te d th e L o rd , he sa t d o w n a t a re s p e c tfu l d is ta n c e . N o w it is th e c u sto m fo r A w a k e n e d O n es, fo r L o rd s to e x c h a n g e g re e tin g s w ith in -co m in g m o n k s. S o th e L o rd sa id to th is m onk : " I h o p e, m o n k , th a t it is g o in g w e ll w ith y o u , I h o p e th a t y o u are k e e p in g g o in g , I h o p e y o u h a v e a c co m p lis h e d y o u r jo u r n e y w ith little fa tig u e ? A n d w h e re do y o u co m e fro m , m onk ? " T h in g s go w e ll, L o rd , I a m k e e p in g g o in g , L o rd , a n d I , L o rd , a cco m p lish e d m y jo u r n e y w ith lit t le fa tig u e . N o w , I , L o rd , h a v in g sp en t th e ra in s a m o n g th e p e o p le o f K a sI, a n d w h ile co m in g to S a v a t t h i to see th e L o r d , a r r iv e d a t K it a g ir i. T h e n I, L o rd , d ressin g e a rly , a n d ta k in g m y b o w l a n d robe, en te red K it a g ir i fo r a lm sfo o d . T h e n , L o r d , a c e rta in la y fo llo w er sa w m e a s I w a s w a lk in g in K it a g ir i fo r a lm sfo o d , [ 1 1 ] a n d seein g m e, he a p p ro a c h e d , a n d h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d , h e

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g re e te d m e a n d s a id : ' H o n o u re d sir, a re a lm s o b ta in a b le ? ' ' N o , sir, a lm s are n o t o b ta in a b le ', I said . C o m e, h o n o u red sir, w e w ill go to (m y) h o u se ", h e said . T h e n , L o rd , th a t la y fo llo w er, ta k in g m e to h is h o u se a n d fe e d in g m e, sa id : W h e re , h o n o u re d sir, w ill th e m a s te r g o ? ' I s a id : I w ill go to S a v a tth i, sir, to see th e L o r d / T h e n he s a id : ' T h e n , h o n o u re d sir . . . m a y b e s e ttle d \ T h e re fo re , L o r d , d o I c o m e ." || 5 || T h e n th e L o r d on th is o cca sio n , in th is c o n n e ctio n , h a v in g h a d th e O rd e r o f m o n k s c o n v e n e d , a s k e d th e m o n k s, s a y in g : M o n k s, is it tru e , a s is sa id , t h a t m o n k s w h o a re fo llo w ers o f A s s a ji a n d P u n a b b a s u , re sid in g in K it a g ir i, are u n scru p u lo u s a n d d e p r a v e d a n d in d u lg e in th e fo llo w in g b a d h a b its : th e y p la n t sm a ll flo w e rin g tre es . . . in d u lg e in a v a r ie t y o f b a d h a b its . . . a n d th o se m en . . . a n d th e d e p r a v e d m o n k s s t a y on ? " I t is tru e , L o r d ." T h e A w a k e n e d O n e, th e L o rd , re b u k e d th e m , s a y in g : " H o w , m o n k s, ca n th e se fo o lish m en in d u lg e in b a d h a b its su ch as th ese ? H o w c a n t h e y p la n t a n d c a u se sm a ll flo w erin g tre es to be p la n te d , a n d w a te r th e m a n d h a v e th e m w a te re d , a n d p lu c k th e m a n d h a v e th e m p lu c k e d , a n d h o w c a n th e y tie th e m u p in to (garlan d s) a n d h a v e th e m tie d u p ? H o w can th e y m a k e a n d h a v e g a rla n d s m a d e . . . ? H o w c a n th e y ta k e a n d sen d . . . ? H o w c a n t h e y e a t . . . d rin k . . . sit . . . sta n d . . . e a t . . , d rin k . . . ru n . . . d a n c e a n d sin g a n d p la y m u sic a l in stru m e n ts a n d s p o rt . . . p la y , . . tr a in th e m se lv e s . . . ru n . . . ru n ro u n d fa c in g . . . ? H o w c a n th e y w h is tle a n d sn a p th e ir fin g ers a n d w re s tle a n d fig h t w ith fists, a n d h a v in g sp re a d o u t th e ir u p p e r ro b es as a sta g e , s a y to a d a n c in g - g ir l: D a n c e h e re , siste r \ a n d a p p la u d a n d in d u lg e in a v a r ie t y o f b a d h a b its ? I t is n o t, m o n k s, fo r p le a sin g th o se w h o are n o t (yet) p le a se d . . a n d h a v in g re b u k e d th e m a n d g iv e n reaso n ed ta lk , he a d d ressed S a r ip u tta a n d M o g g a lla n a , s a y in g : D o y o u g o , S a r ip u tta a n d M o g g a lla n a , a n d h a v in g g o n e to K it a g ir i, c a r r y o u t a (form al) a c t o f b a n ish m e n t 1 fro m K it a g ir i a g a in s t th o se m o n k s w h o are fo llo w ers o f A s s a ji a n d P u n a b b a s u ; th ese a re th o se w h o sh a re y o u r c e lls ." 1
pabbajaniyahatnma. C f.

MV. I.

25 .

22 ; IX.

7.

7.

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" H o w , L o rd , d o w e c a r r y o u t a (form al) a c t o f b a n ish m e n t fro m K it a g ir i a g a in s t th o se m o n k s w h o a re fo llo w e rs o f A s s a ji a n d P u n a b b a s u ? T h e s e m o n k s a re fierce a n d r o u g h .'J W e ll th e n , S a r ip u tta a n d M o g g a lla n a , go to g e th e r w ith m a n y m o n k s ." V e r y w ell, L o r d , S a r ip u tta a n d M o g g a lla n a a n sw e re d th e L o rd in a ssen t. || 6 || " A n d th u s , m o n k s, sh o u ld it b e c a rrie d o u t. F ir s t, th e m o n k s w h o a re fo llo w e rs o f A s s a ji a n d P u n a b b a s u [ 12] sh o u ld be re p ro v e d ; h a v in g re p ro v e d th e m , t h e y sh o u ld b e m a d e to r e m e m b e r ; h a v in g m a d e th e m re m em b er, t h e y sh o u ld be a c cu se d o f a n o ffen ce ; h a v in g a c c u s e d th e m o f th e o ffen ce, th e O rd e r sh o u ld be in fo rm e d b y an e x p e rie n c e d , c o m p e te n t m o n k , s a y in g : ' H o n o u re d sirs, le t th e O rd e r lis te n to m e. T h e se m o n k s w h o are fo llo w e rs o f A s s a ji a n d P u n a b b a s u are th o se w h o b rin g fa m ilie s in to d is re p u te a n d are o f e v il c o n d u c t ; th e ir e v il c o n d u c t is seen a n d a lso h e a rd a n d re sp e c ta b le fa m ilie s c o rru p te d b y th e m are seen a n d also h e a rd . I f it seem s rig h t to th e O rd er, th e O rd e r sh o u ld c a r r y o u t a (form al) a c t o f b a n ish m e n t fro m K it a g ir i a g a in s t th e m o n k s w h o are fo llo w ers o f A s s a ji a n d P u n a b b a s u b y w h ic h th e m o n k s w h o a re fo llo w e rs o f A s s a ji a n d P u n a b b a s u sh o u ld n o t re m a in in K it a g ir i. T h is is th e m o tio n . H o n o u re d sirs, le t th e O rd e r lis te n to m e. T h e se m o n k s w h o a re . . . seen a n d a lso h e a rd . T h e O rd e r is c a r ry in g o u t a (form al) a c t o f b a n ish m e n t fro m K it a g ir i a g a in s t th e m o n k s w h o are fo llo w ers o f A s s a ji a n d P u n a b b a s u b y w h ic h th e m o n k s w h o a re fo llo w e rs o f A s s a ji a n d P u n a b b a s u sh o u ld n o t re m a in in K it a g ir i. I f th e c a r r y in g o u t o f th e (form al) a c t o f b a n ish m e n t fro m K it a g i r i a g a in s t th e m o n k s w h o are fo llo w e rs o f A s s a ji a n d P u n a b b a s u b y w h ic h t h e y sh o u ld n o t re m a in in K it a g ir i is p le a sin g to th e v e n e r a b le o n es, t h e y sh o u ld b e sile n t ; he to w h o m it is n o t p le a s in g sh o u ld s p e a k . A n d a se co n d tim e 1 s p e a k fo r th th is m a tte r . . . A n d a th ir d tim e I s p e a k fo rth th is m a tte r . T h e (form al) a c t o f b a n ish m e n t fro m K it a g ir i a g a in s t th e m o n k s w h o a re fo llo w e rs o f A s s a ji a n d P u n a b b a s u b y w h ic h t h e y sh o u ld n o t re m a in in K it a g ir i is c a rrie d o u t b y th e O rd er. I t is p le a s in g to th e O rd er, th e re fo re it is sile n t. T h u s do I u n d e rs ta n d th is .1 i| 7 || 1 3 1 | " M on ks, if it is po ssessed o f th re e q u a litie s a (form al) a c t

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o f b a n ish m e n t co m es t o b e n o t le g a lly v a lid , n o t d is c ip lin a rily v a lid a n d one th a t is h a rd to s e ttle . . .1 a g a in s t th e o n e w h o sp e a k s d isp ra ise o f th e O rd er. M o n k s, i f a n O rd e r d esires, it m a y c a r r y o u t a (form al) a c t o f b a n ish m e n t a g a in s t th e s e th re e (kinds of) m o n k s. " A n d , m o n k s, if a m o n k is po ssessed o f th re e fu rth e r q u a li ties a n O rd er, i f it so d esires, m a y c a r r y o u t a (form al) a c t of b a n ish m en t a g a in s t h im : if h e is p o ssessed o f b o d ily fr iv o lit y ,2 if h e is po ssessed o f v e r b a l fr iv o lit y , if h e is po ssessed o f b o d ily a n d v e r b a l fr iv o lit y . M o n k s, if a m o n k is possessed o f th e se th re e q u a litie s an O rd er, if it so d e sire s, m a y c a r r y o u t a (form al) a c t o f b a n ish m e n t a g a in s t h im . A n d , m o n k s, i f a m o n k is po ssessed o f th re e fu r th e r q u a litie s . . . a g a in s t h im : if h e is p o ssessed o f b o d ily b a d h a b its ,3 if h e is possessed o f v e r b a l b a d h a b its , if h e is p o ssessed o f b o d ily a n d v e r b a l b a d h a b its. M o n k s, i f a m o n k . . . a (form al) a c t o f b a n ish m e n t a g a in s t h im . A n d , m o n k s, i f a m o n k is p o ssessed o f th re e fu rth e r q u a litie s . . . a g a in s t h im : if he is p o ssessed o f h a r m in g 4 b y m e a n s o f b o d y , if h e is p o ssessed o f h a rm in g b y m ea n s of sp eech , if h e is po ssessed o f h a rm in g b y m e a n s o f ,b o d y an d sp eech . M on ks, if a m o n k . . . a g a in s t h im . A n d , m o n k s, i f a m o n k is p o ssessed o f th r e e fu r th e r q u a litie s , an O rd er, i f it so d esires, m a y c a r r y o u t a (form al) a c t o f b a n ish m e n t a g a in s t h im : i f he is p o ssessed o f a w ro n g b o d ily m o d e o f liv e lih o o d , if h e is p o ssessed o f a w ro n g v e r b a l m o d e o f liv e lih o o d , i f h e is possessed o f a w ro n g b o d ily a n d v e r b a l m o d e o f liv e lih o o d . M on ks, i f a m o n k is p o ssessed o f th e se th fe e q u a litie s an O rd er, i f it so d esires, m a y c a r r y o u t a (form al) a c t o f b a n ish m e n t a g a in s t h im . || 1 || [13 ] M o n k s, if a n O rd e r so d esires, it m a y c a r r y o u t a (form al) a c t o f b a n ish m e n t a g a in s t th re e (k in d s of) m o n k s : a g a in s t th e one w h o is a m a k e r o f s tr ife . . . {as in 1 . 4 . 2) . - . a g a in s t
1 A s in C V . I . 2- 4 , r e a d in g a c t o f b a n is h m e n t " f o r ** a c t o f c e n s u r e C h . 14 a b o v e d o e s n o t o c c u r in S a n g h . X I I I . a k d y ik e n a d a v e n a ; V A . I T 5 7 s a y s t h i s m e a n s p h y s i c a l e n j o y m e n t . P e r h a p s h e t a k e s f o o d f o r f u n o r a m u s e m e n t o r in s p o r t , cf. A . i. 1 1 4 , ii, 4 0 , 8 V A . 1 1 5 7 s a y s t h i s m e a n s a t r a n s g r e s s io n o f t h e r u le s o f t r a in in g la id d o w n c o n c e r n in g t h e d o o r s o f t h e b o d y . 4 V A . 1 1 5 7 s a y s t h i s is c a lle d i n j u r y t h r o u g h n o t b e in g t r a in e d in t h e r u le s o f t r a in in g la id d o w n c o n c e r n in g t h e d o o r s o f t h e b o d y . I t m e a n s e x p u ls io n , tia sa n a , a n d r u in , v in d s a n a .

145* iv- i 67-

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th e one w h o sp e a k s d isp ra ise o f th e O rd er. M o n k s, i f a n O rd e r so d esires, it m a y c a r r y o u t a (form al) a c t o f b a n ish m e n t a g a in st th ese th re e (kin d s of) m o n k s. A n d , m o n k s, i f a n O rd e r so d esires it m a y c a r r y o u t a (form al) a c t o f b a n ish m e n t a g a in s t th re e fu r th e r (k in d s of) m o n k s : a g a in s t th e o n e w h o is p o ssessed o f b o d ily fr iv o lity , a g a in s t th e o n e w h o is p o ssessed o f v e r b a l fr iv o lity , a g a in s t th e o n e w h o is p o ssessed of b o d ily a n d v e r b a l fr iv o lit y . . . a g a in s t th e o n e w h o is p o ssessed o f w ro n g b o d ily a n d v e r b a l m o d e o f liv e lih o o d - M o n k s, if a n O rd e r so d esires, it m a y c a r r y o u t a (form al) a c t o f b a n ish m e n t a g a in s t th ese th re e (kin d s of) m o n k s. [| 2 || 14 || " M o n k s, a m o n k a g a in s t w h o m a (form al) a c t o f b a n ish m e n t h a s been c a rrie d o u t sh o u ld c o n d u c t h im s e lf p r o p e r ly . T h is is th e p ro p e r c o n d u c t in th is c a se . . . (as in C V . I. 5) . . . he sh o u ld n o t q u a rre l w ith m o n k s ." j| 1 j| T o ld a re th e E ig h te e n O b s e rv a n c e s c o n n e c te d w ith a (F o r m al) A c t o f B a n is h m e n t. || 15 |j T h e n S a r ip u tta a n d M o g g a lla n a a t th e h e a d o f a n O rd e r o f m o n k s, h a v in g a r r iv e d a t K it a g ir i,1 c a rrie d o u t a (form al) a c t o f b a n ish m e n t fro m K it a g ir i a g a in s t th e m o n k s w h o w ere fo l lo w e rs o f A s s a ji a n d P u n a b b a s u , b y w h ic h th e m o n k s w h o w e re fo llo w e rs o f A s s a ji a n d P u n a b b a s u sh o u ld n o t s t a y in K it a g ir i. W h e n th e (form al) a c t o f b a n is h m e n t h a d b een c a rrie d o u t b y th e O rd e r, th e s e d id n o t c o n d u c t th e m s e lv e s p ro p e rly , t h e y w e re n o t s u b d u e d , t h e y d id n o t m e n d th e ir w a y s , t h e y d id n o t a s k th e m o n k s fo r fo rg iv e n e s s, t h e y a b u se d th e m , t h e y r e v ile d th e m , t h e y o ffe n d e d b y fo llo w in g a w ro n g course th ro u g h d esire, b y fo llo w in g a w ro n g c o u rse th r o u g h h a tre d , b y fo llo w in g a w ro n g co u rse th ro u g h s tu p id ity , b y fo llo w in g a w ro n g co u rse th r o u g h fe a r ; a n d t h e y w e n t a w a y a n d th e y le ft th e O rd er. T h o se w h o w e re m o d e st m o n k s lo o k e d d o w n on, c ritic ise d , sp re a d it a b o u t, s a y in g : H o w c a n th e m o n k s w h o are fo llo w e rs o f A s s a ji a n d P u n a b b a s u , a g a in s t w h o m a (form al) a c t o f b a n ish m e n t h a s b e e n c a rrie d o u t b y th e O rd e r, n o t c o n d u c t th e m s e lv e s p r o p e r ly , n o t b e su b d u e d ,
...* F r o m h e r e t o t h e w o r d s , ** I t is t r u e , L o r d ** = S a n g h . X I I I . 1. 8 ( V i n . iii- i 83 4 t r a n s l a t e d w i t h n o t e s a t B . D . i. 3 2 2 - 4 ) .

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n o t m e n d th e ir w a y s ? W h y d o t h e y n o t a s k fo r fo rg iv en e ss fro m th e m o n k s ? W h y d o t h e y a b u se a n d re v ile th e m ? W h y do th e y , fo llo w in g a w ro n g co u rse th ro u g h d esire . . . h a tr e d . . . s tu p id ity . . . fe a r, go a w a y a n d le a v e th e O rd e r ? T h e n th e se m o n k s to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . T h e n th e L o rd on th is o cca sio n , in th is co n n e ctio n , h a v in g h a d th e O rd e r o f m o n k s c o n v e n e d , q u e stio n e d th e m o n k s, s a y in g : " Is it tru e , a s is said , m o n k s, th a t m o n k s w h o a re fo llo w ers o f A s s a ji a n d P u n a b b a s u , a g a in s t w h o m a (form al) a c t o f b a n ish m en t h a s b een c a rrie d o u t b y th e O rd er, d o n o t c o n d u c t th e m selv e s p ro p e rly , a re n o t su b d u e d , . . . a n d le a v e th e O rd er ? " I t is tru e , L o r d . " H o w , m o n k s, c a n th e se fo o lish m e n , a g a in s t w h o m a (form al) a c t o f b a n ish m e n t h a s been c a rrie d o u t b y th e O rd er, n o t c o n d u c t th e m s e lv e s p ro p e rly . . . a n d le a v e th e O rd e r ? I t is n o t, m o n k s, fo r p le a sin g th o se w h o a re n o t (yet) p lea sed . . . A n d h a v in g re b u k e d th e m , h a v in g g iv e n reaso n ed ta lk , he a d d ressed th e m o n k s, s a y in g : " W e ll th e n , m o n k s, d o n o t le t th e O rd e r r e v o k e th e (form al) a c t o f b a n ish m e n t. || i [| " M o n k s, if a m o n k is p o ssessed o f fiv e q u a litie s [14] th e (form al) a c t o f b a n ish m en t a g a in s t h im sh o u ld n o t b e r e v o k e d : if h e o rd a in s . . . (<zs in I . 6 . 2- 7 ) . . . i f h e d o es n o t q u a rre l w ith m o n k s. M o n k s, i f a m o n k is p o ssessed o f th e se e ig h t q u a litie s th e (form al) a c t o f b a n ish m e n t m a y b e re v o k e d . j| 2 || T o ld a re th e E ig h te e n C a ses w h e re a (F o rm a l) A c t o f B a n is h m en t m a y b e re v o k e d . || 1 6 [| " A n d th u s , m o n k s, sh o u ld it be r e v o k e d : M o n k s, t h a t m o n k a g a in st w h o m th e (form al) a c t o f b a n ish m e n t h a s been ca rrie d o u t, h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d th e O rd er, h a v in g a rra n g e d his u p p e r ro b e o v e r one sh o u ld er, h a v in g sa lu te d th e fe e t o f th e se n io r m o n ks, h a v in g s a t d o w n on h is h a u n c h e s, h a v in g s tre tc h e d fo rth h is jo in e d p a lm s, sh o u ld s p e a k th u s to it : 'A (form al) a c t o f b a n ish m e n t, h o n o u re d sirs, w a s c a rrie d o u t a g a in s t m e b y th e O rd er, b u t I a m c o n d u c tin g m y s e lf p ro p e rly , I a m su b d u ed , I a m m e n d in g m y w a y s . I a s k fo r th e re v o c a tio n o f th e (form al) a c t o f b a n ish m e n t . A n d a se co n d tim e it sh o u ld be a sk e d fo r, a n d a th ird tim e it sh o u ld be a sk e d fo r.

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T h e O rd e r sh o u ld b e in fo rm e d b y a n e x p e rie n c e d , c o m p e te n t m o n k , s a y in g : || I [| " H o n o u red sirs, le t th e O rd e r lis te n to m e. T h is m o n k S o -a n d -S o , a g a in s t w h o m a (fo rm al) a c t o f b a n is h m e n t w a s c a rrie d o u t b y an O rd er, is c o n d u c tin g h im s e lf p r o p e r ly , he is su b d u e d , h e is m e n d in g his w a y s , a n d he a s k s fo r th e r e v o c a tio n o f th e (form al) a c t o f b a n is h m e n t. I f i t seem s r ig h t to th e O rd er, th e O rd e r m a y r e v o k e th e (form al) a c t c f b a n is h m e n t a g a in s t th e m o n k so -an d -so . T h is is th e m o tio n . H o n o u red sirs, le t th e O rd e r liste n to m e. T h is m o n k so-and -so . . . a n d he a sk s fo r th e r e v o c a tio n o f th e (form al) a c t o f b a n ish m e n t. T h e O rd e r is r e v o k in g th e (form al) a c t o f b a n is h m en t fo r th e m o n k so -a n d -so . I f th e re v o c a tio n o f th e (form al) a c t o f b a n ish m e n t fo r th e m o n k so -an d -so is p le a s in g to th e v e n e ra b le ones, t h e y sh o u ld b e s ile n t ; h e to w h o m it is n o t p le a sin g sh o u ld s p e a k . A n d a se c o n d tim e I s p e a k fo r th th is m a tte r . . . A n d a th ir d tim e I s p e a k fo r th th is m a tte r . I t is p le a s in g to th e O rd e r, th e re fo re it is sile n t. T h u s do I u n d e rsta n d th is .' " || 2 j| 17 |j T o ld is th e T h ir d (F o rm a l) A c t : t h a t o f B a n is h m e n t. N o w a t t h a t tim e th e v e n e ra b le S u d h a m m a 1 w a s a re sid e n t in th e h o u se h o ld e r C i t t a 's 2 M a c c h ik a s a n ^ a ,3 a n o v e rse e r o f n ew b u ild in g s, a c o n s ta n t a d v is e r .4 W h e n e v e r th e h o u se h o ld e r C itta w ish e d to in v ite a n O rd e r o r a g ro u p o r a n in d iv id u a l6 h e d id n o t in v ite th e O rd e r o r th e g r o u p o r th e in d iv id u a l w ith o u t h a v in g a s k e d th e v e n e ra b le S u d h a m m a fo r p erm issio n . N o w a t th a t tim e s e v e ra l m o n k s w h o w e re e ld e rs th e v e n e r a b le S a r ip u tta a n d th e v e n e ra b le M o g g a lla n a th e G r e a t a n d th e v e n e ra b le K a c c a n a th e G r e a t a n d th e v e n e ra b le [ 15] K o t t h i t a th e G re a t a n d th e v e n e ra b le K a p p in a th e G r e a t a n d th e v e n e r a b le C u n d a th e G re a t, a n d th e v e n e ra b le A n u r u d d h a a n d th e
1. C f , D k A ii. 7 4 f f . # A A . i. 3 8 6 f f . D h p . 7 3 is s a id t o h a v e b e e n s p o k e n o n S u d h a m m a 's a c c o u n t . * A t A . i. 2 6 c a lle d c h i e f o f l a y f o llo w e r s w h o a r e s p e a k e r s o n d h a m m a . H e is f u l l y d e s c r ib e d in t h e C itta -s a m y u tta , S . i v . 2 8 1 ff. A t A . i. 88 = S . ii. 2 3 5 h e is n a m e d a s a s t a n d a r d b y w h ic h t o m e a s u r e d i s c ip le s w h o a r e l a y f o llo w e r s . * A w o o d la n d g r o v e , v a n a s a n g a , a c c o r d in g t o S A . iii. 9 1 ; a t o w n a c c o r d in g t o D h A . ii. 7 4 a n d A A . i. 3 8 6 , t h e l a t t e r a d d i n g * in t h e r e a lm o f M a g a d h a .* * d h u v a b h a ttik a u s u a l l y m e a n s a r e g u la r o r c o n s t a n t d i n e r ." B u t b h a ttik a is g i v e n t h is o t h e r m e a n in g a t T h i g A . 2 6 7 (cf. P E T ) ) , a n d s e e m s ju s t if ie d a b o v e . p w ggala, h e r e m e a n in g " m o n k

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ve n e ra b le R e v a t a a n d th e v e n e r a b le U p a li a n d th e v e n e ra b le A n a n d a a n d th e v e n e ra b le R a h u la 1 w a lk in g o n to u r in K a sI a rriv e d in M a c c h ik a sa n d a . T h e h o u seh o ld er C itta h e a rd t h a t th e se m o n k s w h o w e re eld ers h a d re a c h e d M a cch ik a sa n cja . T h e n th e h o u seh o ld er C it t a a p p ro a c h e d th e se m o n k s w h o w ere eld ers ; h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d , h a v in g g re e te d th e se m o n k s w h o w ere eld ers, h e sa t d o w n a t a re sp e c tfu l d is ta n c e . A s th e h o u se h o ld er C it t a w a s s ittin g d o w n a t a re s p e c tfu l d is ta n c e , th e ve n e ra b le S a r ip u tta d e lig h te d , re jo ic e d , ro u se d , g la d d e n e d h im w ith t a lk on dham m a . T h e n th e h o u seh o ld er C itta , d e lig h te d . . . g la d d e n e d w ith th e v e n e ra b le S a r ip u tta 's t a lk on dham m a 9 sp o k e th u s to th e m o n k s w h o w ere e ld ers : H o n o u red sirs, le t th e e ld ers co n se n t to co m e t o a m e a l w ith m e on th e m o r ro w . T h e m o n k s w h o w e re eld ers c o n se n te d b y b e c o m in g sile n t. || 1 || T h e n th e h o u se h o ld e r C it t a , h a v in g u n d e rsto o d th e c o n se n t o f th e m o n k s w h o w e re eld ers, risin g fro m h is s e a t, h a v in g g ree te d th e m o n k s w h o w e re e ld ers, k e e p in g h is rig h t sid e to w a rd s th e m , a p p ro a c h e d th e v e n e ra b le S u d h a m m a ; h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d , h a v in g g re e te d th e v e n e r a b le S u d h a m m a , h e sto o d a t a re sp e c tfu l d is ta n c e . A s h e w a s sta n d in g a t a re sp e c tfu l d is ta n c e , th e h o u se h o ld e r C it t a sp o k e th u s to th e v e n e ra b le Sudham m a : H o n o u re d sir, m a y m a s te r S u d h a m m a co n se n t to a m e a l w ith m e on th e m o rro w to g e th e r w ith th e e ld e rs . T h e n th e v e n e ra b le S u d h a m m a th o u g h t : " F o r m e r ly , w h en th e h o u seh o ld er C it t a w ish e d to in v ite a n O rd e r o r a g ro u p or an in d iv id u a l, h e d id h o t in v ite th e O rd^r o r th e g ro u p o r th e in d iv id u a l w ith o u t h a v in g a sk e d m e fo r p erm issio n ; b u t n o w he in v ite s m o n k s w h o a re eld ers w ith o u t h a v in g a sk e d m e for perm ission . T h is h o u seh o ld er C it t a is n o w c o rru p te d , he is in d iffere n t to m e, d e ta c h e d fro m m e , a n d h e sp o k e th u s t o th e h o u seh o ld er C itta : " N o , h o u seh o ld er, I d o n o t c o n s e n t. A n d a seco n d tim e . . . A n d a th ird tim e d id th e h o u seh o ld er C itta s p e a k th u s to th e v e n e ra b le S u d h a m m a : H o n o u red sir, m a y m a ste r S u d h a m m a co n se n t to a m e a l w ith m e on th e m o rro w to g e th e r w ith th e e ld e rs . N o , h o u seh o ld er, I d o n o t c o n s e n t.
1 T h i s s a m e l is t o f g r e a t t h e r a s a ls o o c c u r s a t V i n . i v . 6 6 . f u r t h e r r e fe r e n c e s , s e e B . D . ii. 2 9 5 . F o r n o te s a n d

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T h e n th e h o u seh o ld er C it t a th in k in g : W h a t c a n m a ste r S u d h a m m a , e ith e r c o n se n tin g o r n o t c o n se n tin g , d o to m e ? '' h a v in g g re e te d th e v e n e ra b le S u d h a m m a , d e p a rte d k e e p in g his rig h t sid e to w a rd s h im . || 2 || T h e n , to w a rd s th e e n d o f t h a t n ig h t, th e h o u se h o ld e r C itta h a d su m p tu o u s fo o d s, so lid a n d s o ft, p re p a re d fo r th e m o n k s w h o w ere eld ers. T h e n th e v e n e ra b le S u d h a m m a , th in k in g : " S u p p o se I w ere to see w h a t h a s b een p re p a re d o n b e h a lf o f th e h o u seh o ld er C it t a fo r th e e ld ers ? [ 16] h a v in g d ressed in th e m o rn in g , ta k in g h is b o w l a n d ro b e, a p p ro a c h e d th e d w e ll in g o f th e h o u se h o ld e r C it t a ; h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d , h e s a t d o w n on a n a p p o in te d s e a t. T h e n th e h o u se h o ld e r C it t a a p p ro a c h e d th e v e n e ra b le S u d h a m m a ; h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d , h a v in g g re e te d th e v e n e ra b le S u d h a m m a , he s a t d o w n a t a r e s p e c tfu l d ista n c e . T h e v e n e ra b le S u d h a m m a sp o k e th u s to th e h o u se h o ld e r C itta a s he w a s s ittin g d o w n a t a r e s p e c tfu l d is ta n c e : T r u ly a b u n d a n t, h o u seh o ld er, is th is so lid a n d s o ft fo o d p re p a re d b y y o u , b u t o n e th in g is n o t h e re , t h a t is to s a y sesam u m c a k e / ' A lth o u g h , h o n o u re d sir, m u c h tre a s u re is to b e fo u n d in th e A w a k e n e d O n e 's w o rd s, ju s t th is is m e n tio n e d b y m a s te r S u d h a m m a , t h a t is to s a y se sa m u m c a k e . F o r m e r ly , h o n o u re d sir, som e m e rc h a n ts o f th e D e c c a n 1 w e n t to a n easte rn d is tr ic t2 y fo r tr a d in g a n d fro m th e re t h e y b ro u g h t b a c k a h e n . T h e n , h o n o u red sir, t h a t h en m a te d w ith a c ro w a n d p ro d u c e d a c h ic k . A n d w h e n e v e r, h o n o u re d sir, t h a t c h ic k w a n te d to u t t e r th e c r y o f a c r o w it u tte r e d a ** c o c k a d o o d le -d o o , w h e n e v e r it w a n te d to u tte r th e c r y o f a c o c k it u tte r e d a " c a w . I n th e sam e w a y , h o n o u re d sir, a lth o u g h m u c h tre a s u re is to be fo u n d in th e A w a k e n e d O n e 's w o rd s, ju s t th is is m e n tio n e d b y m a ste r S u d h a m m a , th a t is to s a y se sa m u m c a k e . 3 || 3 [| Y o u , h o u seh o ld er, a re r e v ilin g 4 m e, y o u , h o u se h o ld e r, are a b u sin g 4 m e ; th is is y o u r re sid e n ce , h o u se h o ld e r, I w ill g o a w a y . H o n o u red sir, I am n o t r e v ilin g a n d a b u s in g m a ste r S u d h a m m a ; h o n o u red sir, le t m a s te r S u d h a m m a re m a in in
1 D a k k h tp d p a tk a k a . O n t h e S o u t h e r n r e g io n , D a k k h i n a p a t h a , see B . C . L a w , I n d i a as d escrib ed i n E a r ly T e x ts o f B u d d h is m a n d J a i n i s m , p . 7 7 ff. p u r a tth im a ja n a p a d a . 9 V A . 1 1 5 8 s a y s h e s p e a k s n e it h e r a s a m o n k n o r a s a h o u s e h o ld e r . * a h k o s a ii a n d p a r ib h a s a ti a r e d e fin e d a t V i n . i v . 3 0 9 ( B . D . iii- 344^

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M a c c h ik a sa n d a , d e lig h tfu l is th e W ild M a n g o G r o v e 1 ; I w ill m a k e an effo rt fo r m a ste r S u d h a m m a in re sp e c t o f th e re q u isite s o f ro b es, a lm sfo o d , lo d g in g s a n d m e d icin e s fo r th e s ic k . A n d a seco n d tim e . . . A n d a th ir d tim e d id th e v e n e ra b le S u d h a m m a s p e a k th u s to th e h o u seh o ld er C i t t a : YoU j h o u seh o ld er, are re v ilin g m e . . . I w ill g o a w a y . W h e re , h o n o u re d sir, w ill m a ste r S u d h a m m a go ? I , h o u seh o ld er, w ill g o to S a v a t t h i to see th e L o r d . W e ll th e n , h o n o u re d sir, te ll th e L o rd e v e r y th in g th a t w a s sa id b y y o u a n d th a t w a s sa id b y m e. B u t th is , h o n o u re d sir, w ill n o t be su rp risin g : th a t m a ste r S u d h a m m a sh o u ld co m e b a c k a g a in to M a c c h ik a s a n d a . || 4 || T h e n th e v e n e ra b le S u d h a m m a , h a v in g p a c k e d a w a y h is lo d g in g s, ta k in g h is b o w l a n d ro b e, set o u t fo r S a v a t t h i. In d u e co u rse he a p p ro a c h e d S a v a t t h i, th e J e ta G r o v e , A n a th a p in d ik a 's m o n a ste ry , th e L o r d ; h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d , h a v in g g re e te d th e L o rd , h e s a t d o w n a t a r e s p e c tfu l d ista n c e . A s he w a s s ittin g d o w n a t a re s p e c tfu l d is ta n c e , th e v e n e ra b le S u d h a m m a [17 ] to ld th e L o r d e v e r y th in g th a t h a d b e e n sa id b y h im se lf a n d t h a t h a d b e en s a id b y th e h o u se h o ld e r C itta . T h e A w a k e n e d O n e, th e L o r d re b u k e d h im , s a y in g : I t is n o t s u itin g , fo o lish m a n , it is n o t b e c o m in g , it is n o t fittin g , it is n o t w o r th y o f a reclu se, it is n o t a llo w a b le , it is n o t to b e d o n e. H o w c a n y o u , fo o lish m a n , je e r a t 2 th e h o u se h o ld er C itta , w h o h as fa ith a n d is b e lie v in g , w h o is a b e n e fa c to r, a w o rk e r, a su p p o rte r o f th e O rd er, w ith a lo w th in g , a n d sco ff a t 3 h im w ith a lo w th in g ? I t is n o t, fo o lish m a n , fo r p le a sin g th o se w h o are n o t (yet) p le a se d . . a n d h a v in g re b u k e d h im , h a v in g g iv e n re aso n ed ta lk , he a d d re sse d th e m o n k s, s a y in g : " W e ll th e n , m o n k s, le t th e O rd er c a r r y o u t a (form al) a c t o f re c o n c ilia tio n 3 fo r th e m o n k S u d h a m m a , s a y i n g : T h e h o u seh o ld er C i t t a sh o u ld b e a s k e d to fo r g iv e y o u / || 5 || A n d th u s , m o n k s, sh o u ld it b e c a rrie d o u t : F ir s t, th e m o n k S u d h a m m a sh o u ld be re p ro v e d , h a v in g re p ro v e d h im , h e sh o u ld
1 A m b d ta k a v a n a . P . E . D . g i v e s " h o g - p l u m , S p o n d ia s M a n g if e r a (a k i n d o f m a n g o ) '* f o r a m b a ta k a , C . P . D . a d d in g ** w ild m a n g o ." C f . S . i v . 2 8 1 ff* 8 k h u m s e tit v a m b k e ti ; o c c u r r in g a ls o a t V i n . i v . 7 ( B . D . ii. 1 7 8 ) . 3 p a tis a r a n iy a k a m m a . C f . M V . X. 25. 2 2 , a n d I X . 7. 8. A t t h i s l a t t e r p a s s a g e t h e m o n k is s a id , n o t t o je e r a n d s c o f f a t t h e h o u s e h o ld e r , b u t t o r e v ile a n d a b u s e h im , w h ile a t C V . I . 18. 5 a b o v e , i t is t h e h o u s e h o ld e r w h o is a c c u s e d , b y t h e m o n k , o f r e v i l i n g a n d a b u s in g h im . C

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b e m a d e to rem em b er, h a v in g m a d e h im re m e m b e r, h e sh o u ld b e a c cu se d o f th e o ffen ce, h a v in g a c c u s e d h im o f th e o ffen ce, th e O rd e r sh o u ld b e in fo rm e d b y a n e x p e rie n c e d , c o m p e te n t m o n k , s a y in g : H o n o u re d sirs, le t th e O rd e r lis te n to m e. T h is m o n k S u d h a m m a je e re d a t th e h o u s e h o ld e r C it t a w h o h a s fa it h a n d is b e lie v in g , a b e n e fa c to r , a w o rk e r, a s u p p o rte r o f th e O rd e r, w ith a lo w th in g , h e sco ffe d a t h im w ith a lo w th in g . I f it seem s r ig h t to th e O rd er, th e O rd e r m a y c a r r y o u t a (form al) a c t o f re c o n c ilia tio n fo r th e m o n k S u d h a m m a , s a y in g : " T h e h o u se h o ld e r C i t t a sh o u ld b e a sk e d to fo r g iv e y o u J\ T h is is th e m o tio n . H o n o u re d sirs, le t th e O rd e r lis te n t o m e. T h is m o n k S u d h a m m a je e re d a t th e h o u s e h o ld e r C i t t a . . . sco ffed a t h im w ith a lo w th in g . T h e O rd e r is c a r r y in g o u t a (form al) a c t o f r e c o n c ilia tio n fo r th e m o n k S u d h a m m a , s a y in g ; " T h e h o u se h o ld e r C it t a sh o u ld b e a s k e d to fo r g iv e y o u I f th e c a r r y in g o u t o f th e (form al) a c t o f re c o n c ilia tio n fo r th e m o n k S u d h a m m a , s a y in g : " T h e h o u s e h o ld e r C it t a sh o u ld b e a sk e d to fo r g iv e y o u is p le a s in g to th e v e n e ra b le on es, t h e y sh o u ld be sile n t ; h e to w h o m i t is n o t p le a s in g sh o u ld sp e a k . A n d a se co n d tim e I s p e a k fo r th th is m a t t e r . . . A n d a th ir d tim e I s p e a k fo r th th is m a tte r . . . y o u sh o u ld s p e a k . A (form al) a c t o f re c o n c ilia tio n fo r th e m o n k S u d h a m m a , s a y in g : T h e h o u s e h o ld e r C itta sh o u ld b e a s k e d to fo r g iv e y o u " is c a rrie d o u t b y th e O rd e r. I t is p le a s in g to th e O rd e r, th e re fo re it is sile n t. T h u s d o I u n d e rs ta n d t h i s . || 6 || 1 8 || M o n k s, if it is po ssessed o f th re e q u a litie s , a (form al) a c t of re co n c ilia tio n . . . ( = I . 2, 3) . . . a n d is e a s ily s e ttle d . Ii i II1 9 I I M o n k s, i f a m o n k is p o ssessed o f fiv e q u a litie s , th e O rd er, if i t so d esires, m a y c a r r y o u t a (form al) a c t o f re co n c ilia tio n fo r h im 1 : i f h e trie s fo r n o n -re c e iv in g (of gain s) b y h o u se h o ld e rs 2 ; if h e trie s fo r n o n -p ro fitin g b y h o u seh o ld ers ; if he trie s fo r n o n -resid en ce fo r h o u se h o ld e rs ; if h e re v ile s an d a b u se s h o u seh o ld ers ; [18] if h e ca u se s h o u se h o ld e r to b re a k w ith h o u se h o ld e r. M o n k s, if a m o n k is p o ssessed o f th e se five
1 C f, A . iv . 345. 1 C f . V i n . i. 8 4 ( B . D . i v . 1 0 6 ) , ii. 1 2 5 a n d A . i v . 3 4 5 - 6 : 88 , 8 9 ( h o u s e h o ld e r s ) . C h . 87 ( m o n k s ;,

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q u a litie s . . . a c t o f re c o n c ilia tio n fo r h im . A n d , m o n k s, i f a m o n k is p o ssessed o f fiv e fu rth e r q u a litie s , th e O rd e r, if it so d esires, m a y c a r r y o u t a (form al) a c t o f re co n c ilia tio n fo r h i m : i f h e sp e a k s d isp ra ise o f th e A w a k e n e d O n e to h o u seh o ld ers, if h e sp e a k s d isp ra ise o f dham m a to h o u seh o ld ers, i f h e sp e a k s d isp ra ise o f th e O rd e r to h o u seh o ld ers, if h e je e rs a t a h o u se h o ld e r w ith a lo w th in g , if h e sco ffs a t h im w ith a lo w th in g , if he d o es n o t fu lfil, a c c o rd in g to ru le , h is a ssen t (given) to h o u seh o ld ers .1 M o n k s, i f a m o n k . . a c t o f re co n c ilia tio n fo r h im . A n d , m o n k s, an O rd er, if it so d esires, m a y c a r r y o u t a (form al) a c t o f re c o n c ilia tio n fo r fiv e (k in d s of) m o n k s : fo r th e one w h o trie s fo r n o n -re c e iv in g (of g ain s) b y h o u seh o ld ers ; fo r th e o n e w h o trie s fo r n o n -p ro fitin g b y h o u seh o ld ers ; fo r th e o n e w h o tr ie s fo r n o n -resid en ce fo r h o u seh o ld ers ; fo r th e one w h o re v ile s a n d a b u se s h o u seh o ld ers ; fo r th e one w h o cau ses h o u se h o ld e r to b r e a k w ith h o u seh o ld er. M on ks, an O rd er . . . fo r th e se fiv e (kincis of) m o n k s. A n d m o n k s , a n O rd er, i f it so d esires, m a y c a r r y o u t a (form al) a c t o f re co n c ili a tio n fo r fiv e fu r th e r (k in d s of) m o n k s : fo r th e one w h o sp e a k s d isp ra ise o f th e A w a k e n e d O n e to h o u seh o ld ers . * . o f dham m a to h o u seh o ld ers . . . o f a n O rd e r to h o u seh o ld ers, fo r th e o n e w h o je e rs a t a h o u seh o ld er w ith a lo w th in g , sco ffs a t h im w ith a lo w th in g , fo r th e o n e w h o d o es n o t fu lfil, a c co rd in g to ru le, h is a sse n t (given ) to h o u seh o ld ers. M o n k s, an O rd er, if it so d esires, m a y c a r r y o u t a (form al) a c t o f re co n c ilia tio n fo r th e se fiv e (k in d s of) m o n k s. || x || T o ld a re th e F o u r tim e s F iv e C a se s on B e in g D e siro u s.

II 20 ||

" M o n k s, a m o n k fo r w h o m a (form al) a c t o f re co n c ilia tio n h a s b een c a rrie d o u t sh o u ld c o n d u c t h im s e lf p r o p e r ly . . . ( = I. 5, reading a c t o f re c o n c ilia tio n f o r a c t o f cen sure) . . . he sh o u ld n o t q u a rre l w ith m o n k s . || x || T o ld a re th e E ig h te e n O b s e rv a n c e s c o n n e c te d w ith a (F o rm al) A c t o f R e c o n c ilia tio n || 2 1 ||
1 O n t h i s l a s t c la u s e , s e e G .S . i v . 2 2 8 , n . 3 . S e e e s p e c ia ll y V i n . i. 1 5 3 f ., w h e r e t h e m o n k U p a n a n d a b r e a k s h i s w o r d a n d a ls o t e l l s a c o n s c io u s He t o a h o u s e h o ld e r . T h e p a r t ic u l a r t y p e o f o ffe n c e in c u r r e d b y t h i s m o n k f o r b r e a k in g h is w o r d in r e g a r d t o r e s id e n c e is f o r m u l a t e d a s o n e o f w r o n g d o in g . V A . v i . 1 1 5 8 in s t a n c e s h a v i n g a c c e p t e d a r a in s - r e s id e n c e , a n d t h e n n o t g o in g t o i t .

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T h e n th e O rd e r c a rrie d o u t a (fo rm al) a c t o f re c o n c ilia tio n fo r th e m o n k S u d h a m m a , s a y in g : T h e h o u se h o ld e r C it t a sh o u ld b e a s k e d to fo r g iv e y o u H e , h a v in g g o n e to M a cch ikasan qla w h e n th e (form al) a c t o f re c o n c ilia tio n h a d been c a rrie d o u t b y th e O rd er, b e c o m in g a sh a m e d , w a s u n a b le to a s k th e h o u s e h o ld e r C i t t a to fo r g iv e h im , a n d h e w e n t b a c k a g a in to S a v a tth i. M o n k s sp o k e th u s : " D id y o u a s k th e h o u se h o ld e r C it t a to fo r g iv e y o u ? N o w , I , y o u r re v e re n c e s, h a v in g g o n e to M a c c h ik a sa n d a , b e c o m in g a sh a m e d , w a s u n a b le t o a s k th e h o u s e h o ld e r C itta to fo r g iv e (m e ). T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . || i || H e sa id : W e ll th e n , m o n k s, le t th e O rd e r g iv e a c o m p a n io n m essen ger1 to th e m o n k S u d h a m m a to a s k th e h o u se h o ld e r C it t a to fo r g iv e h im . A n d th u s , m o n k s sh o u ld h e b e g iv e n : F ir s t, a m o n k sh o u ld b e a s k e d ; h a v in g a sk e d h im , th e O rd e r sh o u ld b e in fo rm ed b y a n e x p e rie n c e d , c o m p e te n t m o n k , s a y in g : H o n o u re d sirs, le t th e O rd e r lis te n to m e. I f it seem s r ig h t to th e O rd er, th e O rd e r m a y g iv e th e m o n k so -a n d -so a s a c o m p a n io n m e ssen g e r to th e m o n k S u d h a m m a to a s k th e h o u se h o ld e r C it t a to fo r g iv e h im . T h is is th e m o tio n . H o n o u red sirs, le t th e O rd e r lis te n to m e . T h e O rd e r [19] is g iv in g th e m o n k so -a n d -so a s a c o m p a n io n m e ssen g e r to th e m o n k S u d h a m m a to a s k th e h o u s e h o ld e r C i t t a to fo r g iv e h im . I f th e g iv in g o f th e m o n k so -a n d -so a s a c o m p a n io n m e ssen g e r to th e m o n k S u d h a m m a to a s k th e h o u s e h o ld e r C it t a to fo r g iv e h im is p le a sin g to th e v e n e r a b le o n es, le t th e m b e sile n t ; he to w h o m it is n o t p le a sin g sh o u ld sp e a k . T h e m o n k so -a n d -so is g iv e n b y th e O rd e r to th e m o n k S u d h a m m a a s a c o m p a n io n m e ssen ger t o a s k th e h o u s e h o ld e r C it t a t o fo r g iv e h im . I t is p le a sin g to th e O rd e r ; th e re fo re it is sile n t. T h u s d o I u n d e r s ta n d th is / || 2 | 1 M o n k s, w h e n th e m o n k S u d h a m m a , to g e th e r w ith th e c o m p a n io n m essen ger m o n k , h a s re a c h e d M a c c h ik a s a n d a , th e h o u se h o ld e r C it t a sh o u ld b e a s k e d to fo r g iv e h im (S u d h a m m a u sin g th e w o rd s), F o r g iv e m e, h o u se h o ld e r, I a m a t p e a c e to w a rd s y o u \ I f , w h ile h e is b e in g sp o k e n t o th u s , h e fo rg iv e s
1 a n u d u ta t t r a v e l l i n g c o m p a n io n , a n d o n e w i t h a d e f in i t e f u n c t i o n t o f u lf i l in c a s e o f n e e d , a s a p p e a r s b e lo w . C f . V i n . ii. 2 9 5 w h e r e a m o n k Y a s a f o r w h o m a n a c t o f r e c o n c i lia t io n h a d b e e n c a r r i e d o u t , r e f e r s t o t h i s r u lin g a n d a s k s f o r a n a n u d u ia b h ik k h u .

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h im , th a t is g o o d ; if h e d o es n o t fo rg iv e , h e sh o u ld b e sp o k en to b y th e co m p a n io n m essen ger m o n k , s a y in g : ' F o r g iv e th is m o n k , h o u seh o ld er, h e is a t p e a ce to w a r d s y o u / If, w h ile h e is b e in g sp o k en to th u s , h e fo rg iv e s h im , t h a t is g o o d ; if h e does n o t fo rg iv e , he sh o u ld b e sp o k e n t o b y th e co m p a n io n m essen ger m o n k , s a y in g , *F o r g iv e th is m o n k , h o u seh o ld er, fo r I am a t p e a c e to w a rd s y o u .' I f . . . t h a t is g o o d ; if h e does n o t fo rg iv e , h e sh o u ld b e sp o k e n to b y th e c o m p a n io n m essen ger m o n k , s a y in g : * F o r g iv e th is m o n k , h o u seh o ld er, (1 a s k it) in th e n a m e o f th e O rd e r \ I f . . . t h a t is g o o d ; if h e does n o t fo rg iv e , th e co m p a n io n m essen ger m o n k , n o t h a v in g c a u s e d th e m o n k S u d h a m m a to b e d ism issed fro m re a c h o f th e s ig h t 1 o f th e h o u seh o ld er C itta , n o t h a v in g c a u se d h im to b e d ism issed fro m re a c h o f th e h e a rin g , h a v in g m a d e h im a rra n g e h is u p p e r ro b e o v e r one sh o u ld er, h a v in g m a d e h im s it d o w n on his h a u n ch es, h a v in g m a d e h im sa lu te w ith jo in e d p a lm s ,2 sh o u ld ca u se t h a t o ffen ce to b e c o n fe sse d . || 3 j| 22 || T h e n th e m o n k S u d h a m m a , to g e th e r w ith th e co m p a n io n m essen ger m o n k , h a v in g re a c h e d M a c c h ik a sa n d a ,, a s k e d th e h o u seh o ld er C itta to fo r g iv e h im . H e c o n d u c te d h im s e lf p ro p e rly , h e w a s s u b d u e d , h e m e n d e d h is w a y s , a n d h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d m o n k s, h e s p o k e th u s : I , y o u r re v e re n c e s, fo r w h o m a (form al) a c t o f re c o n c ilia tio n w a s c a rrie d o u t b y a n O rd er, a m c o n d u c tin g m y s e lf p ro p e rly , I a m su b d u e d , I a m m e n d in g m y w a y s . N o w w h a t lin e o f c o n d u c t sh o u ld b e fo l lo w ed b y m e ? " T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o r d . H e sa id : W e ll th e n , m o n k s, le t th e O rd e r r e v o k e th e (form al) a c t o f re co n c ilia tio n fo r th e m o n k S u d h a m m a . || 1 || M onks, if a m o n k is p o ssessed o f fiv e q u a litie s, th e (form al) a c t o f re co n c ilia tio n sh o u ld n o t b e r e v o k e d . . . ( C h s . 6 . 2 - 7 ) - . . d o es n o t q u a rre l w ith m o n k s. M o n k s, if a m o n k is possessed of th e s e e ig h t q u a litie s th e (form al) a c t o f re co n c ili a tio n m a y b e r e v o k e d . || 2 || T o ld a re t h e E ig h te e n C a se s w h e re a (F o rm al) A c t o f R e c o n c ilia tio n m a y b e re v o k e d . || 23 |] [20]

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A n d th u s , m o n k s, sh o u ld it b e r e v o k e d : M o n k s, t h a t m o n k S u d h a m m a , h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d th e O rd e r . . . (see C h . 12 ) . . . . T h u s do I u n d e r s ta n d t h is / || x || 2 4 || T o ld is th e F o u r t h (F o rm a l) A c t : t h a t o f R e c o n c ilia tio n . A t o n e tim e th e A w a k e n e d O n e , th e L o r d w a s s ta y in g a t K o s a m b l in G h o s ita 's m o n a s te r y . N o w a t th a t tim e th e v e n e r a b le C h a n n a ,1 h a v in g fa lle n in to a n offen ce, d id n o t w a n t to see th e o ffe n c e .2 T h o s e w h o w e re m o d e s t m o n k s lo o k e d d o w n u p o n , c ritic is e d , sp rea d it a b o u t, s a y in g : " H o w c a n th e v e n e r a b le C h a n n a , h a v in g fa lle n in to a n o ffe n ce, n o t w a n t to see th e o ffen ce ? T h e n th e se m o n k s to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o r d . T h e n th e L o rd , on th is o c ca sio n , in th is c o n n e ctio n , h a v in g h a d th e O rd e r o f m o n k s c o n v e n e d , q u e stio n e d th e m o n k s, s a y in g : I s it tru e , a s is sa id , m o n k s , t h a t th e m o n k C h a n n a . . . d id n o t w a n t to see th e o ffe n ce ? I t is tru e , L o r d / ' T h e A w a k e n e d O n e , th e L o r d re b u k e d th e m , s a y in g : H o w , m o n k s , c a n th is fo o lish m a n , h a v in g fa lle n in to an o ffen ce, n o t w a n t to see th e o ffe n c e ? I t is n o t, m o n k s, fo r p le a sin g th o se w h o a re n o t (yet) p le a se d . . / ' A n d h a v in g re b u k e d th e m , h a v in g g iv e n re a so n e d t a lk , h e a d d re sse d th e m o n k s, s a y in g : W e ll th e n , m o n k s, le t th e O rd e r c a r r y o u t a (form al) a c t o f su sp en sio n 3 a g a in s t th e m o n k C h a n n a fo r n o t se e in g h is o ffen ce, (and th e re sh o u ld be) n o e a tin g w ith a n O r d e r .4 || i || " A n d th u s , m o n k s, sh o u ld it be c a rrie d o u t. F ir s t, th e m o n k C h a n n a sh o u ld be re p ro v e d , h a v in g r e p r o v e d h im , h e sh o u ld b e m a d e to re m em b er, h a v in g m a d e h im re m em b er, h e sh o u ld b e a c cu s e d o f th e o ffe n ce ; h a v in g a c c u s e d h im o f th e o ffen ce, th e O rd e r sh o u ld b e in fo rm e d b y a n e x p e rie n c e d , c o m p e te n t m o n k , s a y in g : H o n o u re d sirs, le t t h e O rd e r liste n to m e.
1 F o r f u r t h e r r e f e r e n c e s , s e e B . D . i. 2 6 6 , n . 3. * C f . M V . I X . 1. 3, 8 . 9 u k k h e p a n iy a k a m m a . C f . M V . 1. 25. 2 2 , a n d M V . I X . 7 - 9 . 4 asam bh oga m sa m g h e n a . C f . M V . I . 79. 2 - 4 . A t V i n . i v . 1 3 8 i t is a n o ffe n c e o f e x p i a t i o n t o e a t w i t h a m o n k w h o is s u s p e n d e d . T w o k in d s o f sa m bhuga , e a t in g f o o d a n d e a t in g d h a m m a , a r e d e fin e d a t V i n . i v . 1 3 7 ( B . D . iii. 2 9 ). T h e m o n k in t h e a b o v e C V . p a s s a g e is n o t d e p r i v e d o f b e in g in c o m m u n io n / * sa tn v a sa , w it h t h e o t h e r m o n k s f o r n o t s e e in g h is o f fe n c e . C f . b e lo w , V . 20. 3*

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T h is m o n k C h a n n a , h a v in g fa lle n in to an o ffen ce, d o es n o t w a n t to see th e offence* I f it seem s rig h t to th e O rd er, th e O rd e r m a y c a r r y o u t a (form al) a c t o f su sp en sio n a g a in s t th e m o n k C h a n n a fo r n o t se e in g th e o ffen ce (a n d th e re sh o u ld be) n o e a tin g w ith an O rd er. T h is is th e m o tio n . H o n o u re d sirs, le t th e O rd er liste n to m e. T h is m o n k C h a n n a , h a v in g fa lle n in to an offen ce, does n o t w a n t to see th e offen ce. T h e O rd e r is c a r ry in g o u t a (form al) a c t o f su sp e n sio n a g a in s t th e m o n k C h a n n a fo r n o t seein g th e o ffen ce (and th e re sh o u ld be) no e a tin g w ith a n O rd er. I f th e c a r ry in g o u t b y th e O rd e r o f a (form al) a c t o f su spen sion a g a in s t th e m o n k C h a n n a fo r n o t seein g h is offence (and w ith ) n o e a tin g w ith a n O rd er, is p le a sin g to th e v e n e ra b le ones, t h e y sh o u ld b e sile n t ; he to w h o m it is n o t p le a sin g sh o u ld sp e a k . A n d a seco n d tim e I s p e a k fo rth th is m a tte r . . . A n d a th ir d tim e 1 sp e a k fo rth th is m a t t e r : H o n o u re d sirs, . . * [21] sh o u ld sp ea k . A (form al) a c t o f su sp en sio n fo r n o t se e in g h is offen ce (and w ith ) n o e a tin g w ith an O rd er, is c a rrie d o u t b y th e O rd e r a g a in s t th e m o n k C h a n n a . I t is p le a sin g to th e O rd e r ; th e r e fo re it is sile n t. T h u s do I u n d e rs ta n d th is / A n d , m o n k s, p ro cla im in resid en ce a fte r resid en ce : 'A (form al) a c t o f su s pen sio n fo r n o t seein g a n o ffen ce (and w ith ) no e a tin g w ith an O rd e r h a s b een c a rrie d o u t a g a in s t th e m o n k C h a n n a / |[ 2 j| 2 5 j| " M on ks, if a (form al) a c t o f su sp en sio n fo r n o t seein g an o ffence is p o ssessed o f th re e q u a litie s it co m es to b e a (form al) a c t n o t b y ru le . . . (see C h . 2 -4 ) . . . M o n k s, if an O rd e r so desires, it m a y c a r r y o u t a (form al) a c t o f su sp e n sio n fo r n o t seein g an o ffen ce a g a in s t th e se th re e (k in d s of) m o n k s / ' |j 1 || T o ld a re th e S ix C a ses on B e in g D e siro u s in c o n n e c tio n w ith a (F o rm al) A c t o f S u sp e n sio n fo r N o t S e e in g a n O ffe n ce. || 26 ]| " M o n k s, a m o n k a g a in s t w h o m a (form al) a c t o f su sp en sio n fo r n o t seein g h is o ffe n ce h a s b e e n c a rrie d o u t sh o u ld c o n d u c t h im self p ro p e rly . T h is is p ro p e r c o n d u c t in th is ca se 1 : he sh o u ld n o t o rd a in , h e sh o u ld n o t g iv e g u id a n c e , a n o v ic e sh o u ld n ot a tte n d h im , th e a g re e m e n t to e x h o r t n u n s sh o u ld n o t b e
10, 15, 21).
1 I h i s d if f e r s f r o m t h e " p r o p e r c o n d u c t o f t h e o t h e r f o r m a l a c t s (C h s . 5 C f . C V . I I , 1. 2.

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c o n se n te d to (b y h im ), e v e n if h e is a g re e d u p o n n u n s sh o u ld n o t be e x h o r te d b y h im , h e sh o u ld n o t fa ll in to t h a t sa m e o ffen ce fo r w h ic h th e (form al) a c t o f su sp en sio n fo r n o t seein g h is offen ce w a s c a rrie d o u t a g a in s t h im b y a n O rd er, n o r in to a n o th e r th a t is sim ila r, n or in to o n e t h a t is w o rse, h e sh o u ld n o t fin d fa u lt w ith th e (form al) a c t, he sh o u ld n o t fin d fa u lt w ith th o s e w h o a re c a r r y in g o u t th e (form al) a c t, h e sh o u ld n o t co n se n t to a re g u la r m o n k 's g r e e tin g h im , s ta n d in g u p b e fo re h im , s a lu tin g h im w ith jo in e d p a lm s, p e rfo rm in g th e p ro p e r d u tie s, b rin g in g fo rw a rd a s e a t, b rin g in g fo rw a rd a slee p in g -p la ce, w a te r fo r (w ash in g) th e fe e t, a fo o ts to o l, a fo o ts ta n d , th e re c e iv in g o f b o w l a n d ro b e, tr e a tin g h is b a c k b y m a ssa g in g , h e sh o u ld n o t d e fa m e a re g u la r m o n k w ith fa llin g a w a y fro m m o ra l h a b it, h e s h o u ld n o t d e fa m e h im w ith fa llin g a w a y fro m g o o d h a b its , h e sh o u ld n o t d e fa m e h im w ith fa llin g a w a y fro m (righ t) v ie w s , h e sh o u ld n o t d e fa m e h im w ith fa llin g a w a y fro m a r ig h t m o d e o f liv e lih o o d , h e sh o u ld n o t ca u se m o n k to b r e a k w ith m o n k , h e sh o u ld n o t w e a r a h o u se h o ld e r's e m b le m , h e sh o u ld n o t w e a r an e m b le m o f m e m b ers o f o th e r se c ts,1 h e sh o u ld n o t fo llo w m e m b e rs o f o th e r se c ts, he sh o u ld fo llo w m o n k s, he sh o u ld tr a in in th e tr a in in g fo r m o n k s, he sh o u ld n o t s t a y 2 in a resid en ce u n d e r o n e ro o fin g w ith a re g u la r m o n k , he sh o u ld n o t s t a y in w h a t is n o t a re sid e n c e 3 u n d e r one ro o fin g (w ith him ), h e sh o u ld n o t s t a y in a re sid e n ce o r in w h a t is n o t a re sid e n ce u n d e r o n e ro o fin g (w ith h im ), h a v in g seen a re g u la r m o n k h e sh o u ld g e t u p fro m h is s e a t, h e sh o u ld n o t u p b ra id a re g u la r m o n k e ith e r in sid e o r o u ts id e ,4 h e sh o u ld n o t su sp en d a re g u la r m o n k 's O b s e r v a n c e ,6 h e sh o u ld n o t su sp e n d his I n v ita tio n , he sh o u ld n o t issu e c o m m a n d s, [22] he sh o u ld n o t set u p a u th o r ity , h e sh o u ld n o t a s k fo r le a v e , h e sh o u ld n o t re p ro v e , h e sh o u ld n o t m a k e re m e m b e r, h e sh o u ld n o t q u a rre l w ith m o n k s. |j i j| T o ld are th e F o r ty - T h r e e O b s e rv a n c e s c o n n e cte d w ith a (F o rm al) a c t o f S u sp e n sio n fo r N o t S e e in g an O ffe n ce. || 27 |j
1 3 * 4 6 C f . V i n . i. C f . b e lo w , C f . V i n . i. I n s id e a n d F ro m h e re 306. I I . 1. 4. 13 4 , a n d B . D . i v . 1 7 8 , n . 3. o u t s id e a d w e llin g - p la c e , a c c o r d i n g t o t o t h e e n d o f || 1 || = C V . I . 5. 1 .

V A . 1159 .

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T h e n th e O rd er ca rrie d o u t a (form al) a c t o f su sp en sio n for n ot seein g his offen ce a g a in s t th e m o n k C h a n n a (and w ith ) no e a tin g w ith an O rd er. H e , w h en th e (form al) a c t o f susp en sio n fo r n o t seein g his o ffen ce h a d been c a rrie d o u t a g a in s t h im b y th e O rd er, w e n t fro m t h a t resid en ce to a n o th e r resid en ce ; th ere th e m o n k s n e ith e r g re e te d h im , n o r sto o d u p b efo re h im , nor sa lu te d w ith jo in e d p a lm s, n o r p e rfo rm e d th e p ro p e r d u ties, n or re v e re d , re sp e cte d , e steem ed or h o n o u re d h im .1 H e, n o t b e in g re v e re d , re sp e c te d , e ste e m ed o r h o n o u re d b y these m o n k s, th e n w e n t u n re v e re d fro m t h a t resid en ce to a n o th e r re sid e n ce ; th e re to o th e m o n k s n e ith e r g re e te d h im . . . he th e n w e n t fro m th a t resid en ce to a n o th e r resid en ce ; th ere to o th e m o n k s n e ith e r g re e te d h im . . . h e, u n re v e re d , w en t b a c k a g a in to K o sa m b L H e c o n d u c te d h im se lf p ro p e rly , he w as su b d u e d , h e m en d ed his w a y s ; h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d m o n ks, h e sp o k e th u s : " I , y o u r re v e ren ce s, a g a in s t w h o m a (form al) a c t o f su sp en sio n fo r n o t se e in g a n o ffen ce w a s ca rrie d o u t b y an O rd er, a m c o n d u c tin g m y s e lf p ro p e rly , I am su b d u e d , I a m m e n d in g m y w a y s . W h a t lin e o f c o n d u c t sh o u ld b e fo llo w ed b y m e ? T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : " W e ll th e n , m o n k s le t th e O rd e r r e v o k e th e (form al) a c t o f su spen sion fo r n o t se e in g h is o ffen ce a g a in s t th e m o n k C h a n n a . |j i || I f, m o n k s, a m o n k is possessed o f fiv e q u a litie s, a (form al) a ct o f su sp en sio n fo r n o t seein g h is o ffen ce sh o u ld n o t b e re v o k e d ; if he o rd ain s, if h e g iv e s g u id a n c e , if a n o v ic e a tte n d s h im , if he c o n se n ts to th e a g re e m e n t to e x h o r t n u n s, if, a lth o u g h agreed u p o n , he e x h o rts n uns. M o n k s, if a m o n k is p o ssessed of th ese fiv e q u a litie s . . . sh o u ld n o t b e r e v o k e d . A n d m o n k s, if a m o n k is po ssessed o f fiv e fu rth e r q u a litie s . . . sh o u ld n o t be r e v o k e d : if h e fa lls in to t h a t sa m e o ffe n ce fo r w h ic h a (form al) a c t o f su sp en sio n fo r n o t seein g h is o ffen ce w a s ca rrie d o u t a g a in st h im b y th e O rd er, or in to a n o th e r t h a t is sim ilar, o r in to one t h a t is w o rse, if h e finds fa u lt w ith a (form al) a c t, if he finds fa u lt w ith th o se w h o c a r r y o u t a (form al) a c t. M onks, if a m o n k is possessed o f th e se fiv e q u a litie s . . . sh o u ld n o t b e re v o k e d . A n d , m o n k s, if a m o n k is p o ssessed o f fiv e fu rth e r q u a litie s . . . sh o u ld n o t b e r e v o k e d : if he con sen ts to a re g u la r m o n k 's g re e tin g h im , sta n d in g u p b e fo re ^ A s a t M v7x. 6 T . C*

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him , sa lu tin g w ith jo in e d p a lm s, d o in g th e p ro p e r d u ties, b rin g in g fo rw a rd a se a t. M o n k s, if a m o n k . . . sh o u ld n o t be re v o k e d . A n d , m o n k s, if a m o n k is ,p o s s e s s e d o f five fu rth e r q u a litie s . . . sh o u ld n o t b e r e v o k e d : [23] if he co n se n ts t o a re g u la r m o n k s b rin g in g fo rw a rd a slee p in g -p la ce, w a te r fo r (w ashing) th e fe e t, a fo o tsto o l, a fo o t-sta n d , to re ce iv in g h is b o w l a n d ro b e, to tr e a tin g h is b a c k b y m a ssa g in g . M onks, if a m o n k is po ssessed o f th e se fiv e q u a litie s th e (form al) a c t o f su sp en sio n fo r n o t se e in g h is o ffen ce sh o u ld n o t b e re v o k e d . ** A n d , m o n k s, if a m o n k is p o ssessed o f fiv e fu rth e r q u a litie s . . . sh o u ld n o t be r e v o k e d : i f h e d e fa m e s a re g u la r m o n k w ith fa llin g a w a y fro m m o ra l h a b it, if h e d e fa m e s h im w ith fa llin g a w a y fro m g o o d h a b its , if h e d e fa m e s h im w ith fa llin g a w a y fro m (righ t) v ie w s , if h e d e fa m e s h im w ith fa llin g a w a y fro m a (right) w a y o f liv in g , i f h e cau ses m o n k to b r e a k w ith m o n k . M onks, if a m o n k . . . sh o u ld n o t be revoked* A n d , m o n ks, i f a m o n k is p o ssessed o f fiv e fu r th e r q u a litie s . . . sh o u ld n o t b e re v o k e d : if he w e a rs a h o u se h o ld e r's e m b le m , if h e w e a rs an e m b le m o f o th e r se c ts, if h e fo llo w s m em b ers o f o th e r se cts, if h e does n o t fo llo w m o n k s, i f h e does n o t tra in in th e tra in in g fo r m o n k s. M o n k s, if a m o n k * . . sh o u ld n o t b e re v o k e d . A n d , m o n k s, if a m o n k is p o ssessed o f fiv e fu rth e r q u a litie s . . . sh o u ld n o t be re v o k e d : if, in a residen ce, he s ta y s u n d e r one ro o fin g w ith a re g u la r m o n k , if in w h a t is n o t a resid en ce he s ta y s u n d e r one ro o fin g w ith h im , if in e ith e r a resid en ce o r in w h a t is n o t a resid en ce h e s ta y s u n d e r one ro o fin g w ith h im , if, h a v in g seen a re g u la r m o n k , he does n o t g e t u p fro m h is se a t, i f h e u p b ra id s a re g u la r m o n k e ith e r in sid e o r o u tsid e. M o n k s, if a m o n k . . . sh o u ld n o t be re v o k e d . M o n k s, i f a m o n k is p o ssessed o f e ig h t q u a litie s . . . sh o u ld n o t b e r e v o k e d : i f h e su sp e n d s a re g u la r m o n k s O b se rv a n c e , if he su sp en d s h is I n v ita tio n , if h e issues c o m m a n d s, if h e se ts u p a u th o r ity , if h e a sk s fo r le a v e , if h e rep ro ves, if h e m a k e s rem em b er, i f h e q u a rre ls w ith m o n k s. M o n k s, if a m o n k is p o ssessed o f th e se e ig h t q u a litie s a (form al) a c t o f su sp en sio n fo r n o t se e in g his o ffen ce sh o u ld n o t b e re v o k e d . \\2 || T o ld a re th e F o r ty - th r e e C a se s (w h ere a F o r m a l A c t o f S u sp en sio n fo r N o t S e e in g an O ffen ce sh o u ld n o t be re v o k e d ), || 28 ||

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" M onks, if a m o n k is possessed o f liv e q u a litie s, a-(form al) a c t o f su sp en sio n fo r n o t seein g h is o ffen ce m a y be r e v o k e d : if h e does n o t o rd a in . . . ( T h is Chapter is the exact opposite o /2 8 . a) . . . i f h e d o es n o t q u a rre l w ith m o n k s. M o n k s, if a m o n k is p o ssessed o f th e se e ig h t q u a litie s a (form al) a c t o f su sp en sio n fo r n o t seein g h is o ffen ce m a y b e r e v o k e d . |( x || T o ld are th e F o r ty - th r e e C ases (w h ere a F o r m a l A c t o f S u sp e n sio n fo r N o t S e in g an O ffe n ce m a y b e re v o k e d ). || 29 || " A n d th u s , m o n k s, sh o u ld it b e r e v o k e d : T h a t m o n k C h a n n a , h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d th e O rd e r . . . (see C h . 1 2 . In stea d o f a c t o f cen su re read a c t o f su sp en sio n fo r n o t se e in g his offence) . . . . * . T h u s d o I u n d e rs ta n d th is / || x |[ 30 || T o ld is th e F if t h (F o rm a l) A c t : t h a t o f S u sp e n sio n fo r N o t S e e in g a n O ffen ce. [24] A t th a t tim e th e A w a k e n e d O n e, th e L o rd w a s s ta y in g a t K o sa m b l in G h o s ita 's m o n a s te ry . N o w a t th a t tim e th e v e n e r a b le C h a n n a , h a v in g fa lle n in to an o ffen ce, d id n o t w a n t to m a k e a m e n d s fo r th e o ffe n c e .1 . . . ( = C h . 25-30* Instead o f sec read m a k e a m e n d s fo r ; instead o f a c t o f su sp en sio n fo r n o t seein g h is o ffen ce read a c t o f su sp en sio n fo r n o t m a k in g a m e n d s fo r h is offence) . . . ' . . . T h u s d o I u n d e rsta n d th is / '' || 3 1 [| T o ld is th e S ix t h (F o rm al) A c t : t h a t o f S u sp e n sio n fo r N o t m a k in g A m e n d s fo r a n O ffen ce. A t o n e tim e th e A w a k e n e d O n e , th e L o r d w a s s ta y in g a t S a v a tth i in th e J e t a G r o v e in A n a th a p in d ik a 's m o n a ste ry . N o w a t th a t tim e a w ro n g v ie w h a d a risen to a m o n k n a m ed A r itth a w h o h a d fo rm e rly been a v u ltu re -tra in e r, lik e th is 2 : I n so fa r a s I u n d e rs ta n d dham m a t a u g h t b y th e L o rd , it is t h a t in fo llo w in g th o se th in g s c a lle d s tu m b lin g -b lo c k s b y th e L o rd , th e re is no s tu m b lin g -b lo c k a t a ll/ '
1 C f . M V . I X . 5. 1-9 * 2 D o w n , t o t h e p h r a s e , " I t is n o t , fo o lis h m a n , f o r p le a s in g t h o s e w h o a r e n o t ( y e t) p le a s e d . . . " ( t o w a r d s t h e e n d o f || 3 J|) = P a c . 6 8 . 1 ( Vi n. i v . 1 3 3 - 1 3 5 ) w h ic h t h e n f o r m u l a t e s a r u le o f t r a i n i n g . T r a n s la t e d a t B . D ' iii. 2 1 - 2 4 , w i t h n o t e s .

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S e v e ra l m o n k s h e a rd : " A w ro n g v ie w h a s a risen to th e m o n k n a m e d A r it t h a w h o w a s fo r m e r ly a v u ltu re -tra in e r, lik e th is : " I n so fa r a s I u n d e rsta n d . . . th e re is n o stu m b lin g -b lo c k a t a ll/ T h e n th e se m o n k s a p p ro a c h e d th e m o n k A r it t h a w h o h a d fo rm e rly b een a v u ltu r e -tr a in e r , a n d h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d , th e y sp o k e th u s to th e m o n k A r it t h a w h o h a d fo r m e r ly b een a v u ltu r e -tr a in e r : " I s it tru e , a s is sa id , re v e re n d A r itth a , t h a t a w ro n g v ie w h a s a risen t o y o u , lik e th is ; * In so fa r a s I u n d e rs ta n d . . . th e re is n o s tu m b lin g -b lo c k a t a ll ' ? " " U n d o u b te d ly , y o u r re v e re n c e s, a s I u n d e rs ta n d dham m a ta u g h t b y th e L o rd , i t is th a t in fo llo w in g th o se th in g s ca lle d stu m b lin g -b lo c k s b y th e L o rd , th e re is no s tu m b lin g -b lo c k a t all/* || i || # f D o n o t s p e a k th u s , re v e re n d A r it t h a , do n o t m isre p re se n t th e L o r d ; m isre p re se n ta tio n o f th e L o r d is n o t a t a ll se e m ly , a n d th e L o rd c e r ta in ly w o u ld n o t s p e a k th u s . R everen d A r itth a , in m a n y a figu re a re th in g s t h a t a re s tu m b lin g -b lo c k s c a lle d stu m b lin g -b lo c k s b y th e L o r d , a n d in fo llo w in g th ese th e re is a v e r ita b le s tu m b lin g -b lo c k . S en se -p le a su re s a re d e cla re d b y th e L o r d to b e (things) a ffo rd in g little s a tis fa c tio n , o f m u ch p a in , o f m u c h tr ib u la tio n , w h e re in is m o re d a n g er. S en se-p lea su res a re d e cla re d b y th e L o r v d t o b e lik e a sk e le to n , o f m u ch p a in , o f m u c h tr ib u la tio n , w h e re in is m o re d a n g e r. S en se-p leasu res are d e cla re d b y th e L o r d to b e lik e a lu m p o f m e a t . . . to b e lik e a fire -b ra n d o f d r y g ra s s . . . to b e lik e a p it o f g lo w in g e m b e rs . . . t o b e lik e a d re a m . . . to b e lik e so m e th in g b o rro w e d . . . to b e lik e th e fr u its o f a tre e [25] . . . to be lik e a sla u g h te r-h o u s e . . . t o b e lik e an im p a l in g s ta k e . . . S en se -p le a su re s a re d e c la re d b y th e L o rd t o be lik e a s n a k e s h e a d , o f m u ch p a in , o f m u c h trib u la tio n , w h e re in is m ore d a n g e r / ' Y e t th e m o n k A r it t h a w h o h a d fo r m e r ly b e en a v u ltu r e tra in e r, o n b e in g sp o k en to th u s b y th e se m o n k s, e x p re sse d th a t w ro n g v ie w a s b e fo re , o b s tin a te ly h o ld in g to it, a d h e rin g to it : U n d o u b te d ly , y o u r re v e re n c e s, a s I u n d e rsta n d dhamma ta u g h t b y th e L o r d , it is t h a t in fo llo w in g th o se th in g s c a lle d stu m b lin g -b lo c k s b y th e L o r d , th e re is n o stu m b lin g b lo c k a t a l l / || 2 ||

CULLAVAGGA I 32.3-4] 37 A n d sin ce th o se m o n k s w ere u n a b le to d issu a d e th e m o n k A ritth a. w h o h a d fo rm e rly b een a v u ltu r e - tr a in e r fro m th a t w ro n g v ie w , th e n th o se m o n k s a p p ro a c h e d th e L o rd ; an d h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d , t h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . T h e n the L o rd on th is o cca sio n , in th is co n n e ctio n , h a v in g h a d th e O rd er o f m o n k s c o n v e n e d , q u e stio n e d th e m o n k A r it t h a w h o h a d fo rm e rly been a v u ltu re -tra in e r, s a y in g : " Is it tru e , as is sa id , th a t to y o u , A r it t h a , a w ro n g v ie w lik e th is arose : ' I n so fa r a s I u n d e rsta n d dham m a . . . th e re is no stu m b lin g -b lo c k a t a ll ? e < U n d o u b te d ly , L o rd , as I u n d e rsta n d dham m a . . . no stu m b lin g -b lo c k a t a ll. T o w h o m th en d o y o u , fo o lish m a n , u n d e rsta n d th a t dhamma w as ta u g h t th u s b y m e ? A r e n o t, fo o lish m a n , th in g s th a t are stu m b lin g -b lo c k s c a lle d in m a n y a figu re stu m b lin g -b lo c k s b y m e, a n d in fo llo w in g th ese is th e re n o t a v e r ita b le stu m b lin g b lo c k ? S e n se-p lea su res are d e c la re d b y m e t o b e th in g s a ffo rd in g little s a tis fa c tio n , o f m u ch p a in , o f m u ch trib u la tio n , w h erein is m ore d a n g e r . . . S en se-p lea su res are d ecla re d b y m e to be lik e a s n a k e 's h e a d , o f m u c h p a in , o f m u c h trib u la tio n , w h erein is m o re d a n g er. A n d y e t y o u , fo o lish m a n , n o t o n ly m isrep resen t m e b e cau se o f y o u r o w n w ro n g g ra sp , b u t y o u also in ju re y o u rs e lf, a n d g iv e rise to m u ch d e m erit w h ic h fo r a lo n g tim e w ill be fo r y o u , fo o lish m a n , o f w oe a n d p a in . I t is n o t, fo o lish m a n , fo r p le a sin g th o se w h o are n o t (yet) p le a se d . . . A n d h a v in g re b u k e d h im , h a v in g g iv e n re a so n ed ta lk , he ad d ressed th e m o n k s s a y in g : " W e ll th e n , m o n k s, le t th e O rd e r c a r r y o u t a (form al) a c t o f su spen sion fo r n o t g iv in g u p a w ro n g v ie w 1 a g a in s t th e m o n k A r itth a w h o w a s fo rm e rly a v u ltu re -tra in e r, (and w ith ) no e a t in g w ith an O rd er, jj 3 [| " A n d th u s, m o n k s, sh o u ld it b e c a rrie d o u t : F ir s t, th e m o n k A r itth a sh o u ld b e re p ro v e d , h a v in g re p ro v e d h im he sh o u ld be m ad e to re m em b er, h a v in g m a d e h im re m em b er he sh o u ld b e a ccu se d o f th e o ffen ce, h a v in g a ccu se d h im o f th e offen ce, th e O rd er sh o u ld b e in fo rm ed b y an e x p e rie n c e d ''c o m p e te n t m o n k , sa y in g : H o n o u red sirs, le t th e O rd e r liste n to m e. A w ro n g v ie w h a s a risen to th e m o n k A r it t h a w h o w a s fo rm e rly a
1 C /. M V . I X . 5. 1 - 9 .

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v u ltu re -tra in e r, lik e th is : [26] I n so fa r as I u n d e rsta n d dham m a ta u g h t b y th e L o r d . . . th e re is n o s tu m b lin g -b lo c k a t a ll. H e d o es n o t g iv e u p th is v ie w . I f it seem s r ig h t to th e O rd er, le t th e O rd e r c a r r y o u t a (form al) a c t o f su sp e n sio n fo r n o t g iv in g u p a w ro n g v ie w a g a in s t th e m o n k A r it t h a w h o w a s fo rm e rly a v u ltu r e -tr a in e r (and w ith ) no e a tin g w ith a n O rd er. T h is is th e m o tio n . H o n o u red sirs, le t th e O rd e r lis te n to m e. A w ro n g v ie w h a s a risen . . . H e d o es n o t g iv e u p th is v ie w . T h e O rd e r is c a r r y in g o u t a (form al) a c t o f su sp e n sio n fo r n o t g iv in g u p a w ro n g v ie w a g a in s t th e m o n k A r it t h a w h o w a s fo rm e rly a v u ltu r e -tr a in e r (and w ith ) no e a tin g w ith an O rd er. I f th e c a r r y in g o u t o f th e (form al) a c t o f susp en sio n fo r n o t g iv in g u p a w ro n g v ie w a g a in s t th e m o n k A r it t h a w h o w a s fo r m e r ly a v u ltu r e - tr a in e r (and w ith ) n o e a tin g w ith a n O rd er is p le a sin g to th e v e n e ra b le on es, le t th e m b e sile n t ; he to w h o m it is n o t p le a sin g sh o u ld sp e a k . A n d a se c o n d tim e I s p e a k fo r th th is m a tte r . . A n d a th ir d tim e I s p e a k fo rth th is m a tte r . . . I t is p le a s in g to th e O rd e r ; th e re fo re it is sile n t. T h u s d o I u n d e rs ta n d th is / A n d , m o n k s, p ro c la im in resid en ce a fte r re sid e n ce : A (form al) a c t o f su sp en sio n fo r n o t g iv in g u p a w ro n g v ie w h a s b e en c a rrie d o u t a g a in s t th e m o n k A r it t h a w h o w a s fo r m e r ly a v u ltu r e - tr a in e r (and w ith ) n o e a tin g w ith a n O rd e r.' || 4 |j 32 || M on ks, i f a m o n k is possessed o f th re e q u a litie s . . . ( = L 2- 5 . In stea d o f a c t o f ce n su re read a c t o f su sp en sio n fo r n o t g iv in g u p a w ro n g view ) . . . if he does n o t q u a rre l w ith m o n k s . T o ld are th e E ig h te e n O b s e rv a n c e s (co n n e cted w ith ) a (F o rm al) A c t o f S u sp e n sio n fo r N o t G iv in g U p a W r o n g V ie w . || 33 || T h e n th e O rd e r c a rrie d o u t a (form al) a c t o f su sp en sio n fo r n o t g iv in g u p h is w ro n g v ie w a g a in s t th e m o n k A r it t h a w h o w a s fo rm e rly a v u ltu re -tra in e r, (and w ith ) no e a tin g w ith an O rder* H e , w h e n th e (form al) a c t o f su sp en sio n fo r n o t g iv in g u p h is w ro n g v ie w h a d been c a rrie d o u t a g a in s t h im b y th e O rd e r, le ft th e O rd er. T h o s e w h o w e re m o d e st m o n k s lo o k e d d o w n u p o n , c ritic is e d , sp re a d it a b o u t, s a y in g : H o w ca n th is m o n k n a m e d A r itth a w h o w a s fo r m e r ly a v u ltu r e - tr a in e r le a v e th e O rd er w h e n a (form al) a c t of su sp en sio n fo r n o t g iv in g

34.x 3 5 .i]

39 u p a w ro n g v ie w is ca rrie d o u t a g a in s t h im b y th e O rd er ? T h e n th ese m o n k s to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd , T h e n th e L o rd on th is occasio n , in th is c o n n e ctio n , h a v in g h a d th e O rd er o f m o n k s c o n v e n e d , q u e stio n e d th e m o n k s, s a y in g : Is it tru e , a s is sa id , m o n k s, t h a t th e m o n k A r itth a w h o w a s fo rm e rly a v u ltu r e -tr a in e r le ft th e O rd er w h e n a (form al) a c t of su sp en sio n fo r n o t g iv in g u p a w ro n g v ie w w a s ca rrie d o u t a g a in st h im b y th e O rd er ? " [27] I t is tru e . L o r d . T h e A w a k e n e d O n e, th e L o r d re b u k e d th em , s a y in g ; " H o w , m o n k s, ca n th is fo o lish m a n le a v e th e O rd e r w h e n a (form al) a c t o f susp en sio n fo r n o t g iv in g u p a w ro n g v ie w w a s c a rrie d o u t a g a in st him b y th e O rd e r ? I t is n o t, m o n k s, fo r p le a sin g th o se w h o are n o t (yet) p le a se d . . A n d h a v in g re b u k e d th e m , h a v in g g iv e n reaso n ed ta lk , h e a d d re sse d th e m o n ks, s a y in g : W e ll th e n , m o n k s, le t th e O rd er r e v o k e 1 th e (form al) a c t o f susp en sio n fo r n o t g iv in g u p a w ro n g v ie w . [| i|j M on ks, if a m o n k is p o ssessed o f fiv e q u a litie s . . . ( = I. 6 . 2- 7 ) . . . th e (form al) a c t o f su sp en sio n fo r n ot g iv in g u p a w ro n g v ie w m a y b e re v o k e d . || 2 |] T o ld a re th e E ig h te e n C a ses w h e re a (F o rm al) A c t o f S u sp en sio n fo r N o t G iv in g U p a W ro n g V ie w m a y be R evoked. j| 3 4 |j
A n d th u s, m o n k s, sh o u ld it b e r e v o k e d . M onks, t h a t m o n k a g a in st w h o m a (form al) a c t o f su sp en sio n fo r n o t g iv in g u p a w ro n g v ie w h a s b e en ca rrie d o u t, h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d th e O rd er . . . (see I . 12 . In stea d o f a c t o f ce n su re read a c t o f su sp en sio n for n o t g iv in g u p a w ro n g v ie w . In stea d o f S e y y a s a k a read th e m o n k so-and-so) . . . . . . T h u s d o 1 u n d e rsta n d th is V

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T o ld is th e S e v e n th (F o rm al) A c t : th a t o f S u sp en sio n fo r N o t G iv in g U p a W ro n g V ie w . T o ld is th e F ir s t S e c tio n ; th a t o n (F o rm al) A c ts .

In th is S e c tio n a re se v e n ite m s : th is is its k e y :

1 A s O ld e n b e r g , V in . ii. 3 1 0 3 1 1 r e m a r k s , " w e s h o u ld e x p e c t " m d n a ) p a tip p a s s a m b h e tu , l e t n o t r e v o k e ; c f. C V . I . 16. 1. (or

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M o n k s w h o are fo llo w ers o f P a n d u k a a n d L o h ita k a , th e m se lv e s m a k e rs o f strife , a p p ro a c h e d sim ila r ones a n d in c ite d th e m to strife , / A n d strife s n o t a risen w ere b o m a n d th o se a risen e x p a n d e d . M od est, w e ll b e h a v e d m o n k s lo o k e d d o w n u p o n . The e x p o u n d e r1, / T h e A w a k e n e d O n e, sta n d in g on w h a t is v e r ily dham m a , selfd e v e lo p in g , fo re m o st o f m en, co n q u ero r, e n jo in e d a (form al) a c t o f ce n su re a t S a v a t t h i. / A n d w h a t is c a rrie d o u t n o t in th e p re se n ce o f, w h e n th e re is no in te rro g a tio n , no a c k n o w le d g m e n t, a n d w h a t is c a rrie d o u t fo r n o o ffen ce, fo r o n e n o t (lea d in g on to) co n fessio n , fo r o n e co n fe sse d , / A n d w h a t is c a rrie d o u t n o t h a v in g re p ro v e d , n o t h a v in g m a d e to re m em b er, n o t h a v in g a ccu se d , a n d to o w h a t is c a rrie d o u t n o t in th e p resen ce o f, n o t b y ru le, b y an in c o m p le te a ss e m b ly , / A g a in w h a t is c a rrie d o u t w h e n th e re is n o in te rro g a tio n , n o t b y ru le , b y a n in c o m p le te a ss e m b ly , a n d to o w h a t is c a rrie d o u t n o t o n th e a c k n o w le d g m e n t, n o t b y ru le, b y a n in c o m p le te a ss e m b ly , / A n d to o w h a t is c a rrie d o u t w h e n th e re is no o ffen ce, n o t b y rule, b y an in c o m p le te a s s e m b ly , a n d also fo r (an offence) w h ic h d o es n o t le a d on to co n fessio n w h e n it is n o t b y ru le a n d th e a s s e m b ly is in c o m p le te , / A n d lik e w ise fo r one t h a t is co n fe sse d , if also n o t b y ru le, b y an in c o m p le te a sse m b ly , [28] a n d lik e w ise n o t h a v in g re p ro v e d h im , if also n o t b y ru le, b y a n in c o m p le te a ss e m b ly , / A n d lik e w ise n o t h a v in g m a d e h im re m em b er, n o t b y ru le, b y a n in c o m p le te a s s e m b ly , / a n d lik e w ise n o t h a v in g a c cu s e d h im , n o t b y ru le, b y an in c o m p le te a sse m b ly . / T h e b rig h t o c ca sio n s2 sh o u ld also b e in fe rre d e x a c t l y a c c o rd in g to th e d a rk o c ca sio n s.2 A n d th e O rd er, so d esirin g , m a y c a r r y o u t cen su re a g a in s t th is one : /
1p a d a ss a k a ( S k r t . praday& aka). S i n h . e d n . r e a d s p a r a ss a to ] S ia m . e d n . p a *l$ a to (v. II. p a d a s s a k o , p a d a ss a to ). a su k k a v a ra . . . k a n h a v a r a , fig . p u r e a n d im p u r e , r i g h t a n d w r o n g .

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T h e q u a rre l (-m aker), th e ig n o ra n t, th e liv e r in c o m p a n y w ith . T h e O rd er m a y c a r r y o u t a (form al) a c t o f cen su re in re g a rd to m o ra l h a b it, g o o d h a b its, a g a in st o n e w h o h a s fa lle n a w a y fro m rig h t v ie w s 1, / A n d a g a in st w h o e v e r sp e a k s d isp ra ise o f th e A w a k e n e d O ne, dham m a , th e O rder, a n d th e O rd e r m a y a lso c a r r y o u t a (form al) a c t o f cen su re a g a in st th re e (k in d s of) m o n k s : / T h e o n e w h o is a m a k e r o f strife , th e ig n o ra n t one, th e one in te n t o n liv in g in c o m p a n y ; lik e w ise in re g a rd to m o ra l h a b it, g o o d h a b its , rig h t v ie w s, / A n d a g a in s t w h o e v e r s p e a k s d isp ra ise o f th e A w a k e n e d O n e, dham m a , th e O rd er. T h e one a g a in s t w h o m a (form al) a c t o f ce n su re h a s been ca rried o u t c o n d u c tin g h im se lf p ro p e rly , th u s ; / O rd in a tio n , g u id a n c e , a tte n d a n c e b y a n o v ic e , th e one a g a in s t w h o m cen su re h a s b e e n c a rrie d o u t sh o u ld do n o th in g in re g a rd to e x h o rta tio n , e v e n a lth o u g h a g re e d u p o n , / H e sh o u ld n o t fa ll in to t h a t sa m e o ffen ce, in to a sim ila r one, or in to one h ig h e r 2 th a n it, and su ch a one w o u ld n e ith e r find fa u lt w ith a (form al) a c t, n or w ith th o se w h o c a r r y it o u t, / H e sh o u ld n o t su sp en d a re g u la r (m on k's) O b se rv a n c e , I n v ita tio n , su ch a one sh o u ld n o t h a v e to do w ith co m m a n d s, a u th o r ity , / L e a v e , re p ro v in g , m a k in g re m em b er a n d q u a rrels. O rd in a tio n , g u id a n c e , a tte n d a n c e b y a n o v ic e , / E x h o r ta tio n a n d e v e n if a g re e d u p o n : th e fiv e q u a litie s a re n o t th e e n d .3 I f he fa lls in to t h a t sam e o ffen ce a n d in to a sim ila r one a n d one th a t is h ig h e r th a n it, / A n d fin d in g fa u lt b o th w ith a (form al) a c t a n d w ith th o se w h o c a r r y it o u t : th is is n o t th e e n d .3 O b se rv a n c e , I n v ita tio n , co ijim a n d s, a u th o r ity , / L e a v e , re p ro v in g to o , m a k in g rem em b er, q u a rrellin g ,
1 a d h is lla m a jjh d ca r e a tid itth iv ip a n n a s s a . * H e r e tato p a r a m , h ig h e r , f u r t h e r , a s a g a i n s t tato p d p itth a ta r a o f C V . I . 5 . 1 . 9 n a s a m m a ti, m e a n in g d o e s n o t c e a s e , is n o t a p p e a s e d , a n d s i g n i f y i n g h e r e t h a t a f o r m a l a c t c a n n o t b e r e v o k e d b e c a u s e t h e r e a r e m o r e t h a n t h e s e f iv e q u a lit ie s t o c o n s id e r , a n d w h ic h m a y s t a n d in t h e w a y o f t h e r e v o c a t io n . C f. s a m m a n ti a t D h p . 5 .

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w h o e v e r is b o u n d b y th e s e e ig h t q u a litie s , ce n su re is n o t a lla y e d fo r h im .1 / T h e b r ig h t o cca sio n s sh o u ld also be in fe rre d e x a c t ly a c co rd in g to th e d a rk o cca sio n s. A n d S e y y a s a k a to o , ig n o ra n t, fu ll o f offen ces, liv in g in co m pany : / T h e S e lf-A w a k e n e d O n e, g r e a t sa g e , e n jo in e d a (form al) a c t o f g u id a n ce . (F o llo w e rs of) th e tw o m o n k s , A s s a ji a n d P u n a b b a s u , a t K it a g ir i / In d u lg e d in a v a r ie t y o f b a d h a b its a n d w e re n o t ta lk e d ro u n d . T h e se lf-A w a k e n e d O n e, th e C o n q u e ro r (enjoined ) a t S a v a t t h i a (form al) a c t o f b a n ish m e n t. / S u d h a m m a w a s a re sid e n t in C it t a 's M a c c h a sa n d a , S u d h a m m a je e r e d a t th e la y fo llo w e r C itta w ith t a lk on b irth . / T h e T ru th -fin d e r e n jo in e d a (form al) a c t o f re co n c ilia tio n . A t K o s a m b l w h e n th e m o n k C h a n n a , n o t w a n tin g to see an o ffen ce, / [29] T h e in co m p a ra b le C o n q u e ro r e n jo in e d (the O rd er) to su sp en d h im fo r n o t seein g. C h a n n a d id n o t w a n t to m a k e a m e n d s fo r th a t sa m e offen ce. / T h e le a d e r e n jo in ed a (form al) a c t o f su sp en sio n fo r n o t m a k in g a m e n d s for. T h e w ro n g v ie w o f A r it t h a w a s fo u n d e d on ig n o ra n ce . / S u sp en sio n fo r n o t g iv in g u p th e w ro n g v ie w w a s p ro c la im e d b y th e C o n q u e ro r. A (form al) a c t o f g u id a n c e , b a n ish m e n t, lik e w ise re c o n c ilia tio n , I A (form al) a c t fo r n o t seein g, fo r n o t m a k in g a m e n d s fo r, an d fo r n o t g iv in g u p a w ro n g v ie w . F r iv o lit y , b a d h a b its , h a rm in g , a n d a lso a w ro n g m o d e o f liv e lih o o d : / T h e se are a d d itio n a l ca ses in th e (form al) a c t o f b a n ish m e n t. T w o five s (begin n in g) : n o n -re c e iv in g , d isp ra ise , are tw o p e n ta d s p a r tic u la r ly n a m e d 2, / T h e se are a d d itio n a l cases in th e (form al) a c t o f re co n c ilia tio n . A n d tw o a m o n g th e (form al) a c ts are sim ila r : cen su re a n d g u id a n c e ; /
1 n* u p a s a m m a ti. a a tin a m a k a ; a ti-t m e a n in g v e r y m u c h , s p e c ia l l y .

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A n d th e re are th e re m a in in g ca ses : b a n ish m e n t a n d re co n c ilia tion . T h e th re e (form al) a c ts o f su sp en sio n a re a lik e in th e ir d iv isio n . W h a t rem a in s in a n y (form al) a c t is to u n d e rsto o d a s in th e case of cen su re. / [30]

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A t o n e tim e, th e A w a k e n e d O n e , th e L o rd w a s s ta y in g a t S a v a t t h i in th e J e t a G r o v e in A n a th a p in d ik a s m o n a s te ry . N o w a t th a t tim e m o n k s u n d e r p r o b a tio n 1 co n se n te d to re g u la r m o n k s g re e tin g th e m , s ta n d in g u p b e fo re th e m , s a lu tin g w ith jo in e d p a lm s, d o in g th e p ro p e r d u tie s , b rin g in g fo rw a rd a se a t, b rin g in g fo rw a rd a sle e p in g -p la c e , w a te r fo r (w ashing) th e fe e t, a fo o tsto o l, a fo o t-sta n d , re c e iv in g th e b o w l a n d ro b e, tr e a tin g th e ir b a c k s b y m a ssa g in g . T h o s e w h o w e re m o d e st m o n k s lo o k e d d o w n u p o n , c ritic is e d , sp re a d it a b o u t, s a y in g : " H o w ca n th ese m o n k s w h o a re u n d e r p ro b a tio n c o n se n t to re g u la r m o n k s g re e tin g . . . tr e a tin g th e ir b a c k s b y m a ss a g in g ? " T h e n th e se m o n k s to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o r d . T h e n th e L o r d on th is o cca sio n , in th is c o n n e c tio n , h a v in g h a d th e O rd e r o f m o n k s c o n v e n e d , q u e stio n e d th e m o n k s, s a y in g : I s it tru e , a s is sa id , m o n k s , th a t m o n k s w h o are u n d e r p ro b a tio n co n se n t to re g u la r m o n k s g r e e tin g . . . tr e a tin g th e ir b a c k s b y m a ssa g in g ? " I t is tru e . L o r d . T h e A w a k e n e d O n e, th e L o rd re b u k e d th e m , s a y in g : H o w , m o n k s, c a n th e se m o n k s w h o are u n d e r p ro b a tio n co n se n t to r e g u la r m o n k s . . . tr e a tin g th e ir b a c k s b y m a ss a g in g ? I t is n o t, m o n k s, fo r p le a s in g th o s e w h o are n ot (yet) p le a se d . . . A n d h a v in g re b u k e d th e m , h a v in g g iv e n re a so n ed t a lk , h e a d d re sse d th e m o n k s, s a y in g : A m o n k w h o is u n d e r p r o b a tio n , m o n k s, sh o u ld n o t co n se n t to re g u la r m o n k s g re e tin g h im . . . tr e a tin g h is b a c k b y m a ssa g in g . W h o e v e r sh o u ld c o n se n t to (a n y o f th e se a ctio n s), th e re is a n o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g . I a llo w , m o n k s, th e m u tu a l2 g re e tin g , sta n d in g u p b e fo re . . . tr e a tin g o f b a c k s b y m a ss a g in g b e tw e e n m o n k s w h o are u n d e r p ro b a tio n a c c o rd in g to th e ir se n io rity . I a llo w , m o n k s, fiv e th in g s fo r m o n k s u n d e r
1 C f . V i n . i. 14 3 , a ls o V i n . 1 . 1 3 6 , i v . 3 3 5 6 . V A . 1 1 5 9 n o t i c e s f o u r k in d s o f p r o b a t io n , p a r iv d s a , a l l m e n t io n e d b e l o w : t h e u n c o n c e a le d (a s o f fo r m e r m e m b e r s o f o t h e r s e c t s , a n d s e e C V . I I I . 1. 1 ) , t h e c o n c e a le d (se e C V . I I I . 3. 1 ) , t h e p u r i f y i n g ( C V . I I I . 26. 1 f f .) , a n d t h e c o n c u r r e n t ( C V . I I I . 14- 1 f f .) . 1 m i t hit.

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p ro b a tio n , a c c o rd in g to th e ir s e n i o r it y : O b se rv a n c e , I n v ita tio n , c lo th s fo r th e ra in s, g ifts (to th e O rd e r1), rice. iii n . ** W e ll n o w , m o n k s, I w ill la y d o w n th e c o n d u c t2 fo r m o n k s u n d er p ro b a tio n , so th a t m o n k s u n d e r p ro b a tio n [31] m a y co n d u c t th e m s e lv e s 3 a c c o rd in g to it. A m o n k u n d e r p ro b a tio n , m on ks, sh o u ld c o n d u c t h im self p r o p e r ly .4 T h is is th e p ro p e r c o n d u c t5 in th is c a s e 6 : he sh o u ld n o t o rd ain , h e sh o u ld n o t g iv e g u id a n c e , a n o v ic e sh o u ld n o t a tte n d h im , he sh o u ld n o t con sen t to an a g ree m e n t to e x h o r t n u n s, e v e n if a g re e d u p o n he sh o u ld n o t e x h o r t n u n s, he sh o u ld n o t fa ll in to th a t sam e offen ce fo r w h ic h h e w a s g ra n te d p ro b a tio n , n or in to a n o th e r th a t is sim ila r, nor in to one t h a t is w o rse, he sh o u ld n o t find fa u lt w ith th e (form al) a c t, he sh o u ld n o t fin d fa u lt w ith th o se w h o c a r r y o u t th e (form al) a c t, he sh o u ld n o t su sp en d a re g u la r m o n k 's O b se rv a n c e , he sh o u ld n o t su sp e n d his I n v ita tio n , he he sh o u ld n o t issu e co m m a n d s, sh o u ld n o t set u p a u th o r ity , he sh o u ld n o t a sk fo r le a v e , he sh o u ld n o t re p ro v e , he sh o u ld n ot m a k e re m em b er, he sh o u ld n o t q u a rre l w ith m o n k s. N o r, m onks, sh o u ld a m o n k u n d e r p ro b a tio n w a lk in fro n t o f a re g u la r m o n k , n o r s it d o w n in fro n t o f h im .7 W h a te v e r is th e O rd e r's la s t se a t, la s t sle e p in g -p la c e , la s t d w e llin g -p la c e 8 th a t sh o u ld b e g iv e n to h im a n d h e sh o u ld co n se n t to it. M o n k s, a m o n k u n d e r p ro b a tio n sh o u ld n o t a p p ro a c h th e fa m ilie s o f a reg u la r m o n k 9 e ith e r a s th e n o v ic e w h o w a lk s in fro n t o f h im or as th e n o v ic e w h o w a lk s b e h in d h im . H e sh o u ld n o t u n d e r ta k e th e fo re s t-p ra c tic e , he sh o u ld n o t u n d e rta k e th e a lm s m a n s

1 onojana. V A , 1 1 6 1 e x p l a i n s b y vissajjana, b e s t o w in g . C f. onojesi a t V in . i. 3 9 a n d ort-ojetha a t Vin. i v . 1 5 6 , b o t h m e a n in g '* t o g i v e , t o d e d i c a t e . '' 1 vatta, c u s t o m , s e r v ic e , s o m e t h in g t o b e d o n e . C f. C V . I. 27. 1 . vattitabbam . 4 sammdvattitabbam. 6 sammdvattand .

cf. cv. r. 5.
7 T h e s e t w o a c t io n s a r e p a r t o f in t e n t io n a l c a u s i n g o f d is c o m f o r t " a t Vin. i v . 2 9 0 . 8 pariyanta. ** L a s t " is u s e d in t h e s a m e s e n s e a t N i s s a g . X X I I . See B.D. ii. 12 0 , n . 5 . I n r e f e r e n c e a ls o t o t h e s e t h r e e t h in g s " t h e l a s t " w o u ld m e a n t h e l a s t a v a i l a b l e a s t h e y w e r e b e in g a s s ig n e d o r d is t r ib u t e d t o m e m b e rs o f t h e O r d e r . B u t s e e dpattipariyanta , rattipariyanta , a t C V . I I I . 26. i , a n d b e lo w , p . 76 , n . 1 . I.e. t h e f a m ilie s w h o s u p p o r t h im a n d w h o m h e v i s i t s f o r a lm s f o o d .

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p ra c tic e ,1 h e sh o u ld n o t h a v e a lm s fo o d ta k e n b a c k 2 fo r th is reason :3 th a t h e th in k s , ' D o n o t le t th e m fin d o u t a b o u t m e .4 M on ks, a m o n k u n d e r p ro b a tio n sh o u ld a n n o u n c e i t 5 w h e n he is in -co m in g , he sh o u ld a n n o u n c e it to (a n o th e r w h o is) in c o m in g , h e sh o u ld a n n o u n c e it a t th e O b se rv a n c e , h e sh o u ld a n n o u n c e i t a t th e I n v ita tio n , if h e is ill h e sh o u ld also a n n o u n ce it b y m e a n s o f a m e ss e n g e r.6 || 2 || M on ks, a m o n k u n d e r p r o b a tio n sh o u ld n o t g o fro m a re sid en ce w h e re th e re a re m o n k s to a re sid e n ce w h e re th e re a re no m o n k s, e x c e p t w ith a r e g u la r (m o n k), u n le ss th e re is a d a n g e r .7 M on ks, a m o n k u n d e r p ro b a tio n sh o u ld n o t g o from , a resid en ce w h e re th e re a re m o n k s to w h a t is n o t a re sid e n c e w h e re th e re a re n o m o n k s, e x c e p t w ith a re g u la r (m on k), u n le ss th e re is a d a n g er. M o n k s, a m o n k u n d e r p r o b a tio n s h o u ld n o t g o fro m a resid en ce w h e re th e re a re m o n k s to a re sid e n ce o r t o w h a t is n o t a re sid e n ce w h e re th e re are n o m o n k s, e x c e p t w ith a re g u la r (m onk), u n le ss th e re is a d a n g e r. M o n k s, a m o n k u n d e r p ro b a tio n s h o u ld n o t g o fro m w h a t is n o t a re sid e n ce w h e re th e re are m o n k s to a re sid e n c e w h e re th e r e a re no m o n k s . . . to w h a t is n o t a resid en ce w h e re th e r e a re no m o n k s . . , to a resid en ce o r to w h a t is n o t a re sid e n c e w h e re th e re a re no m o n k s, e x c e p t w ith a r e g u la r (m o n k), u n less th e re is a d a n g e r. M on ks, a m o n k u n d e r p ro b a tio n sh o u ld n o t g o fro m a resid en ce, o r fro m w h a t is n o t a re sid e n ce w h e re th e re a re m o n k s t o a resid en ce w h e re th e re a re n o m o n k s . . . to w h a t is n o t a re sid e n ce w h e re th e re a re no m o n k s . . . to a re sid e n ce o r to w h a t is n o t a re sid e n ce w h e re th e r e a re n o m o n k s , e x c e p t w ith a re g u la r (m o n k), u n less th e r e is a d a n g er.
1 H e s h o u ld n o t s t a y a lo n e in t h e f o r e s t a n d h e s h o u ld n o t g o t o a v i l l a g e f o r a lm s . T h e s e t w o a iig a o r p r a c t ic e s , p a r t o f t h e d h u ta fig a , a s c e t ic p r a c t ic e s , a r e e x p la in e d in d e t a i l a t V is m . 5 9 ff. S e e V i n . i. 2 5 3 , a n d B .I > . i v . 3 5 1 , n . 2 . 1 n ih a r a p e ta b b o , i.e . f r o m a v i l l a g e t o a m o n a s t e r y . C f . tato n lh a r itv d a t V i n . i v . 80 ( B . D . ii. 3 2 4 ). * ta p p a c c a y a . A c c o r d i n g t o V A . 1 1 6 5 m o n k s r e t u r n i n g t o t h e m o n a s t e r y w o u ld s e e h im s i t t i n g d o w n a r a e a t in g , a n d i f h e d id n o t te U t h e m h e w a s u n d e r p r o b a t i o n h is p e r io d o f p r o b a t i o n m i g h t b e c u r t a il e d . * I . e . t h a t h e is u n d e r p r o b a t i o n . V A , 1 1 6 5 s a y s , '* * D o n o t l e t o n e m o n k fin d o u t a b o u t m e a n d w i t h t h i s in m in d h e s h o u ld n o t e a t , h a v i n g h a d i t (i.e . t h e a lm s f o o d b r o u g h t b a c k ) c o o k e d , i n t h e d w e l li n g - p l a c e b y a n o v i c e . H e m u s t e n te r a v illa g e fo r a lm s fo o d / ' * I . e . t h e f a c t t h a t h e is u n d e r p r o b a t io n . 6 1 1 6 6 s a y s t h a t t h e m e s s e n g e r m u s t n o t b e a n y o n e w h o is n o t o r d a in e d , h e m u s t b e a m o n k . 7 C f ; M V . I I . 35.

C U L L A V A G G A II 47 1*3-4] " M onks, a m o n k u n d e r p ro b a tio n sh o u ld n o t g o fro m a resid ence w h e re th e re are m o n k s t o a resid en ce w h e re th e re are m o n k s if th e m o n k s th e re sh o u ld b e lo n g to a d iffere n t c o m m u n ion , e x c e p t w ith a re g u la r (m on k), [32] u n less th e re is a d a n g er. M o n k s, a m o n k u n d e r p ro b a tio n sh o u ld n o t g o fro m resid en ce w h e re th e re a re m o n k s to w h a t is n o t a resid en ce w h ere th e re are m o n k s . . . sh o u ld n o t g o fro m a resid en ce o r fro m w h a t is n o t a resid en ce w h ere th ere are m o n k s to a residen ce o r to w h a t is n o t a resid en ce w h e re th e re are m o n ks if th e m o n k s th e re sh o u ld b e lo n g to a d ilfere n t co m m u n io n , e x c e p t w ith a re g u la r (m o n k), u n less th ere is a d an ger. " M o n k s , a m o n k u n d e r p ro b a tio n m a y go fro m a resid en ce w h ere th e re a re m o n k s to a resid en ce w h ere th e re a re m o n k s if th e m o n k s th e re sh o u ld b e lo n g to th e sam e co m m u n io n an d if he k n o w s, ' I a m a b le to a rriv e th is v e r y daj^. M o n k s, a m o n k u n d e r p ro b a tio n m a y g o fro m a resid en ce w h e re th e re are m o n k s to w h a t is n o t a resid en ce w h e re th e re a re m o n k s . . . m a y g o fro m a resid en ce o r fro m w h a t is n o t a resid en ce w h ere th e re are m o n k s to a resid en ce o r to w h a t is n o t a residen ce w h ere th e re a re m o n k s if th e m o n k s th d re sh o u ld b e lo n g to th e sam e co m m u n io n a n d if he kn o w s, ' I a m a b le to a rriv e th is v e r y d a y / |[ 3 || " M o n k s , a m o n k u n d e r p ro b a tio n sh o u ld n o t s t a y in a re sid ence 1 u n d e r one ro o fin g w ith a re g u la r m o n k , he sh o u ld n o t s t a y in w h a t is n o t a re sid e n ce 2 u n d e r one ro o fin g (w ith him ), h e sh o u ld n o t s t a y in a resid en ce o r in w h a t is n o t a resid en ce u n d e r one ro o fin g (w ith h im ).3 H a v in g seen a re g u la r m o n k , he sh o u ld g e t u p fro m h is se a t. H e sh o u ld o ffe r h is se a t to th e re g u la r m o n k . A m o n k u n d e r p ro b a tio n sh o u ld n o t sit d o w n on th e sa m e se a t w ith a re g u la r m o n k , he sh o u ld n o t s it d o w n on a h ig h se a t if h e 4 is s ittin g d o w n on a lo w s e a t ,5 he sh o u ld n o t sit d o w n on a sea t if h e is s ittin g on th e g ro u n d , he
1 V A . 1 1 6 7 h e r e d e fin e s " le s id e n c e ,J, d v d s a , a s " a lo d g in g m a d e f o r s t a y i n g in.** 1 V A , 1 1 6 7 h e r e d e fin e s " n o t a r e s id e n c e " a s a ** s h r in e h o u s e (ce tiy a g h a rn ), w is d o m - h o u s e ( b o d h ig h a ra ), a p l a c e ( a tta k a ) f o r s w e e p in g s , a p l a c e fo r w o o d , a b u ild in g (m a la , s e e B . D . ii. 1 6 , a . 4) f o r d r i n k in g - w a t e r , a p r i v y , a g r a n a r y / * * C f . C V . I . 27. 1 ; I . 28. 2. 4 I . e . t h e r e g u la r m o n k , 6 C f . S e k h i y a 69.

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sh o u ld n o t p a c e u p a n d d o w n in th e sa m e p la c e fo r p a c in g u p a n d d o w n in / he sh o u ld n o t p a c e u p a n d d o w n in a h ig h p la ce fo r p a c in g u p a n d d o w n in if h e is p a c in g u p a n d d o w n in a lo w p la c e fo r p a c in g u p a n d d o w n in , he sh o u ld n o t p a c e u p a n d d o w n in a p la c e fo r p a c in g u p a n d d o w n in if he is p a cin g u p a n d d o w n on th e g r o u n d .2 M on ks, a m o n k u n d e r p ro b a tio n sh o u ld n o t s t a y in a resid en ce u n d e r one ro o fin g w ith a sen io r m o n k w h o is u n d e r p ro b a tio n . . . w ith a m o n k w h o d e se rv e s to b e se n t b a c k to th e b e g in n in g . . . w ith a m o n k w h o d e se rv e s m dnatta (disciplin e) . . . w ith a m o n k w h o is u n d e rg o in g m dnatta (d iscip lin e) . . . w ith a m o n k w h o d e se rv e s r e h a b ilita tio n , he sh o u ld n o t s t a y in w h a t is n o t a resid en ce u n d e r o n e ro o fin g (w ith him ) . . . h e sh o u ld n o t p a c e u p a n d d o w n in a p la c e fo r p a c in g u p a n d d o w n in if h e is p a c in g u p a n d d o w n on th e g ro u n d . I f, m o n k s, o n e u n d e r p ro b a tio n a s th e fo u r th (m e m b rr )3 sh o u ld g r a n t p ro b a tio n , sh o u ld se n d b a c k to th e b e g in n in g , sh o u ld in flict m dnatta (d iscip lin e), if, a s tw e n tie th (m em ber) he sh o u ld re h a b ilita te , it is n o t a (form al) a c t a n d o u g h t n o t to b e c a rrie d o u t / ' [| 4 || T o ld a re th e N in e ty - fo u r O b s e rv a n c e s fo r one u n d e r P r o b a tio n . ][ 1 || T h e n th e v e n e r a b le U p a li a p p ro a c h e d th e L o r d ; h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d , h a v in g g re e te d th e L o r d , he s a t d o w n a t a re s p e c t fu l d ista n ce. A s h e w a s s ittin g d o w n a t a re sp e c tfu l d is ta n c e , th e v e n e ra b le U p a li s p o k e th u s to th e L o r d : " N o w , L o rd , h o w m a n y (k in d s of) in te r r u p tio n s 4 are th e re fo r a m o n k u n d e r p r o b a tio n ? " T h e re are th re e (k in d s of) in te rru p tio n s , U p a li, fo r a m o n k u n d e r p ro b a tio n : [33] d w e llin g w ith 5 ; d w e llin g a w a y .
1 c a n k a m a , m o n k s ' w a l k , c lo is t e r . A t f ir s t , t h i s s e e m s n o t t o h a v e been p r e p a r e d o r l e v e ll e d ; t h e n i t w a s a llo w e d t o b e m a d e le v e l o r e v e n , t h e n t o b e r o o fe d o v e r . Cf. C V . V . 14. 2. 3. 1 S h o w in g t h a t " p a c in g u p a n d d o w n " , c a n k a m a n ta ,n e e d n o t a l w a y s h a v e t a k e n p l a c e iD a c a n k a m a . * Cf. M V . I X . 4 . 6 . O n e u n d e r p r o b a t i o n d o e s n o t c o m p l e t e a g r o u p o r a n O rd e r, gap a a n d sam gha. ra tticch e d a , l i t . ** b r e a k in g o f n i g h t s " , t i m e h a v i n g b e e n r e c k o n e d b y n ig h t s in s t e a d o f b y d a y s . 6 sa h a v d sa , w h ic h V A . 1 1 6 8 9 e x p l a i n s t o m e a n a n y o f t h e t h in g s g i v e n in C V . I I . 1. 4.

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se p a ra te d fro m 1 ; n ot a n n o u n c in g .2 T h e se , U p a li, are th e th re e (kinds of) in te rru p tio n s fo r a m o n k u n d e r p r o b a tio n ." || i || 2 f| N o w a t th a t tim e a la rg e O rd er o f m o n k s h a d g a th e re d to g e th e r a t S a v a t t h i ; m o n k s u n d e r p ro b a tio n w ere n o t a b le to c a r r y th r o u g h 3 th e ir p ro b a tio n . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to p o s tp o n e 4 p ro b a tio n . A n d th u s , m o n ks, sh o u ld it be p o stp o n e d : T h a t m o n k w h o is u n d e r p ro b a tio n , h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d o n e m o n k , h a v in g a rra n g e d his u p p er ro b e o v e r one sh o u ld er, h a v in g s a t d o w n on h is h a u n ch es, h a v in g sa lu te d w ith jo in e d p a lm s, sh o u ld s p e a k th u s to h im : ' I a m p o stp o n in g p ro b a tio n J p ro b a tio n co m es to b e p o s t p o n e d ; I a m p o stp o n in g th e o b s e r v a n c e ',5 p ro b a tio n co m es to be p o stp o n e d . 6 [| i |j N o w a t th a t tim e m o n k s w e n t a w a y fro m S a v a t t h i t o th is p la c e a n d t h a t 7 ; m o n k s u n d e r p r o b a tio n w e re n o t a b le to c a r r y th ro u g h th e ir p ro b a tio n . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : " I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to ta k e u p 8 p ro b a tio n . A n d th u s , m on ks, sh o u ld it b e ta k e n u p : I f t h a t m o n k w h o is u n d er p ro b a tio n , h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d one m o n k . . . h a v in g sa lu te d w ith jo in e d p a lm s, sh o u ld sp e a k th u s to h im : ' I a m ta k in g up p ro b a tio n ' p r o b a tio n co m es to b e ta k e n u p ; ' I a m ta k in g u p th e o b se rv a n c e ' p ro b a tio n co m es to b e ta k e n u p ."
If 2 I f 3 f|

T o ld is th e O b s e rv a n c e fo r one u n d e r P ro b a tio n .
1 v ip p a v d s a , a s in C V . I I . 1 . 3. C f . v ip p a v d s a in e .g . N i s s a g . I I . S e e B ~ D . ii., p . 13 , n . 1 a n d p . 14 , d . i fo r f u r t h e r r e f e r e n c e s , a n d a ls o N is s a g . X X I X . a n d ro ca n d , a s in t h e w a y s s p e c ifie d a t e n d o f C V . I I . 1. 2. * so d h etu m , t o p u r i f y , c le a n s e , c le a r , s o : t o c l e a r o n e s e lf o f, t o fin is h , t o c a i r y t h r o u g h . I t w a s p e r h a p s im p o s s ib le f o r a m o n k t o a n n o u n c e t h a t h e w a s u n d e r p r o b a t i o n i f t h e O r d e r w a s v e r y la r g e o r i f i t w a s d is p e r s e d . 4 n ik k h ip i t u m , t h e u s u a l w o r d f o r t o l a y a s id e , t o l a y d o w n , t o d e p o s it " , b u t h e r e m e a n in g t o la y a s id e t e m p o r a r i l y o n l y , u n t i l a f a v o u r a b l e t im e c o m e s f o r u n d e r t a k in g t h e p r o b a t i o n a r y p e r i o d a g a in . 6 va tta. S e e t h e 94 vattd t o b e o b s e r v e d b y t h o s e u n d e r p r o b a t io n a t C V . I I . 1. 2 4. I h i s a n d t h e c o r r e s p o n d in g p h r a s e a t e n d o f |] 2 H b e lo w , a lt h o u g h a p p a r e n t l y m e a n t t o h a v e b e e n u t t e r e d b y G o t a m a , d o n o t e n d , a s w o u ld b e e x p e c t e d , w i t h ti, 7 ta k a m -ta h a m , h e r e a n d t h e r e . s a m d d itu m , t o t a k e u p o r u n d e r t a k e a g a in t h e p r o b a t io n im p o s e d o n t h e o f fe n d in g m o n k .

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N o w a t t h a t tim e m o n k s w h o d e se rv e d to b e se n t b a c k to th e b e g in n in g 1 c o n se n te d to re g u la r m o n k s g re e tin g th e m . . . ( = I I . 1 . x, 2 . In stea d o f m o n k s u n d e r p ro b a tio n read m o n k s w h o d e se rve to b e sen t b a c k to th e b e g in n in g ) . . . ' D o n o t le t th e m fin d o u t a b o u t m e .' M o n k s, a m o n k w h o d eserves to b e sen t b a c k to th e b e g in n in g sh o u ld n o t g o fro m a resid en ce w h e re th e re a re m o n k s to a re sid e n ce w h e re th e r e are m o n k s, e x c e p t w ith a r e g u la r (m o n k ), u n le ss th e re is a d a n g e r . . . fro m a re sid e n ce o r fro m w h a t is n o t a resid en ce w h ere th e re are m o n k s to a re sid e n ce o r to w h a t is n o t a re sid e n ce w h e re th e re a re m o n k s, e x c e p t w ith a re g u la r (m o n k), u n less th e re is a d a n g e r. M on ks, a m o n k w h o d e se rv e s to b e se n t b a c k to th e b e g in n in g m a y g o fro m a resid en ce w h e re th e re are m o n k s to a resid en ce w h e re th e re a re m o n k s . . . fro m a re sid e n ce o r fro m w h a t is n o t a re sid e n ce w h e re th e re a re m o n k s to a residen ce o r to w h a t is n o t a re sid e n ce w h e re th e re are m o n k s if th e m o n k s th e re sh o u ld b e lo n g to th e sa m e co m m u n io n a n d if h e k n o w s, I a m a b le to a rriv e th is v e r y d a y .' M o n k s, a m o n k w h o d e se rv e s to b e se n t b a c k to th e b e g in n in g sh o u ld n o t s t a y in a re sid e n ce u n d e r one ro o fin g w ith a re g u la r m o n k . . . ( = C V . I I . 1 . 4) . . . h e sh o u ld n o t p ace u p a n d d o w n in a p la c e fo r p a c in g u p a n d d o w n in if h e is p a c in g u p a n d d o w n on th e g ro u n d . [34] M o n k s, a m o n k w h o d e se rv e s to b e se n t b a c k to th e b e g in n in g sh o u ld n o t s t a y in a re sid e n ce u n d e r one ro o fin g w ith a m o n k u n d e r p r o b a tio n . . . w ith a se n io r m o n k 2 . . . w ith a m o n k w h o d e se rv e s m dnatta (d iscip lin e) . . . w ith a m o n k u n d e rg o in g m dnatta (d iscip lin e) . . . w ith a m o n k w h o d e se rve s r e h a b ilita tio n . . . he sh o u ld n o t p a c e u p a n d d o w n in a p la c e to p a c e u p a n d d o w n in i f h e is p a c in g u p a n d d o w n on th e g ro u n d . I f , m o n k s, o n e w h o d e se rv e s to b e s e n t b a c k to th e b e g in n in g as th e fo u r th (m em ber) sh o u ld g r a n t p r o b a tio n , sh o u ld send b a d e to th e b e g in n in g , sh o u ld in flic t m d natta (d iscip lin e), if, as th e tw e n tie th (m em b er), h e sh o u ld r e h a b ilita te , it is n o t a (form al) a c t a n d o u g h t n o t to b e c a rrie d o u t .3 || 1 || 4 j|
1 Cf. MV. III. 6. 7.
* F o r f o llo w in g it e m s , s e e

1 Cf. MV. IX . 4. 6.

CV. II. 1. 4.

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N o w a t th a t tim e m o n k s d e s e rv in g m dnatta (d iscip lin e )1 co n se n te d to re g u la r m o n k s g re e tin g th e m . . . ( = 1 1 . 1 . 1 , 2) . . . D o n o t le t th e m fin d o u t a b o u t m e \ M o n k s, a m o n k d e se rv in g mdnatta (d iscip lin e) sh o u ld n o t g o fro m a resid en ce w h ere th e re are m o n k s to a re sid e n ce w h e re th e re are no m o n k s, e x c e p t w ith a re g u la r (m o n k), u n le ss th e r e is a d a n g e r . . . ( = 1 . 3 , 4) . . . h e sh o u ld n o t p a c e u p a n d d o w n in a p la c e fo r p a c in g u p a n d d o w n in if h e is p a c in g u p a n d d o w n on th e g ro u n d . M on ks, a m o n k w h o d e se rv e s mdnatta (discipline) sh ould n o t s t a y in a re sid e n ce u n d e r o n e ro o fin g w ith a m o n k w h o is u n d e r p ro b a tio n . , . w ith a m o n k w h o d e se rv e s to b e sen t b a c k to th e b e g in n in g . . . w ith a se n io r m o n k w h o d e se rv e s m dnatta (d iscip lin e) . . . w ith a m o n k u n d e rg o in g mdnatta (disciplin e) . . . w ith a m o n k w h o d e se rv e s re h a b ili ta tio n . . . a n d o u g h t n o t to b e ca rrie d o u t . || 1 || 5 || N o w a t th a t tim e m o n k s u n d e rg o in g m dnatta (discipline) co n se n te d to re g u la r m o n k s g re e tin g th e m . . . ( = 1 1 . 1 . 1 , 2 Instead o f u n d e r p ro b a tio n read u n d e rg o in g mdnatta (d is c ip lin e )) . . . f D o n o t le t th e m fin d o u t a b o u t m e .' M o n k s, a m o n k u n d e rg o in g mdnatta (d iscip lin e) sh o u ld a n n o u n c e it w h e n he is in co m in g , h e sh o u ld a n n o u n ce it to (a n o th e r w h o is) in c o m in g , he sh o u ld a n n o u n c e it a t th e O b se rv a n c e , h e sh o u ld a n n o u n c e it a t th e I n v ita tio n , he sh o u ld a n n o u n c e it d a ily ,2 if he is ill he sh o u ld a n n o u n c e it b y m e a n s o f a m essen ger. M onks, a m o n k u n d e rg o in g 'mdnatta (d iscip lin e) sh o u ld n o t go fro m a resid en ce w h e re th e re are m o n k s to a re sid e n ce w h e re th ere are no m o n k s, e x c e p t w ith an O rd e r ,3 u n less th e re is a d a n g e r . . . sh o u ld n o t g o fro m a re sid e n ce o r fro m w h a t is n o t a resid en ce w h e re th e re are m o n k s to a resid en ce o r to w h a t is n o t a re sid e n ce w h e re th e re a re no m o n k s, e x c e p t w ith an O rd er, u n less th e re is a d a n g e r . . . sh o u ld n o t g o fro m a residen ce o r fro m w h a t is n o t a re sid e n ce w h e re th e re a re m o n k s [35] to a resid en ce o r to w h a t is n o t a resid en ce w h e re th e re are m o n k s i f th e m o n k s th e re sh o u ld b e lo n g to a d iffere n t co m m u n io n , e x c e p t w ith a n O rd er, u n le ss th e re is a d a n g e r. M onks, a m o n k u n d e rg o in g mdnatta (d iscip lin e) m a y g o fro m
1 C f . M V . I I I . 6 . 8. 1 T h i s is a n e x t r a c la u s e p e c u lia r t o t h e m o n k u n d e r g o in g m d n a tta . * I n s t e a d o f " a r e g u l a r m o n k , a s in t h e o t h e r c a s e s .

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a resid en ce w h e re th e re a re m o n k s to a re sid e n ce w h e re th e re are m o n k s . . . fro m a re sid e n ce o r fro m w h a t is n o t a resid en ce w h e re th e re a re m o n k s to a re sid e n ce or to w h a t is n o t a resid en ce w h e re th e re a re m o n k s if th e m o n k s th e re sh o u ld b e lo n g to th e sa m e co m m u n io n a n d if he k n o w s, ' I a m a b le to a r r iv e th is v e r y d a y / M o n k s, a m o n k u n d e rg o in g m dnatta (d iscip lin e) sh o u ld n ot s t a y in a re sid e n ce u n d e r o n e ro o fin g w ith a re g u la r m o n k . . . ( = I I . 1 . 4 ) . . . h e sh o u ld n o t p a c e u p a n d d o w n in a p la c e to p a c e u p a n d d o w n in i f h e is p a c in g u p a n d d o w n on th e g ro u n d . M on ks, a m o n k u n d e rg o in g m dnatta (d iscip lin e) sh o u ld n o t s t a y in a re sid e n ce u n d e r o n e ro o fin g w ith a m o n k u n d e r p ro b a tio n . . . w ith a m o n k w h o d e se rv e s to be se n t b a c k to th e b e g in n in g . . .w ith a m o n k w h o d e se rv e s m dnatta (d iscip line) . . . w ith a sen io r m o n k w h o is u n d e rg o in g mdnatta (d iscip lin e) . . . w ith a m o n k w h o d e se rv e s re h a b ilita tio n . . . a n d o u g h t n o t t o be c a rrie d o u t / ' |j 1 j| 6 || T h e n th e v e n e ra b le U p a li a p p ro a c h e d th e L o rd ; h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d , h a v in g g re e te d th e L o r d , h e s a t d o w n a t a re sp e c t fu l d is ta n c e . A s h e w a s s ittin g d o w n a t a re s p e c tfu l d is ta n c e , th e v e n e ra b le U p a li sp o k e th u s to th e L o r d : " N o w , L o rd , h o w m a n y (k in d s of) in te rru p tio n s a re th e re fo r a m o n k w h o is u n d e rg o in g m dnatta (d iscip lin e) ? w T h e r e a re fo u r (kin d s of) in te rru p tio n s , U p a li, fo r a m o n k w h o is u n d e rg o in g mdnatta (d iscip lin e) : d w e llin g w ith ; d w e ll in g a w a y , se p a ra te d fro m ; n o t a n n o u n c in g ; g o in g a b o u t w ith less th a n a g r o u p .1 T h e se , U p a li, a re th e fo u r (k in d s of) in te r ru p tio n s fo r a m o n k w h o is u n d e rg o in g m dnatta (d is c ip lin e )/ ' ! | i II 7 || N o w a t t h a t tim e a la rg e to g e th e r a t S a v a t t h i ; m o n k s w ere u n a b le to c a r r y th ro u g h (see I I . 3. 1 , 2 ) . . . m dnatta up/' ||x || 8 || O rd e r o f m o n k s h a d g a th e re d u n d e rg o in g m dnatta (discipline) th e ir m dnatta (d iscip lin e) . . . (d iscip lin e) co m es to b e ta k e n

1 u n e g a p e ca ra p a m , a g a p a , g r o u p u s u a l l y c o n s is t in g o f t w o , t h r e e o r fo u r m o n k s . B u t V A . 1 1 7 0 s a y s ; ' h e r e a g a n a m e a n s f o u r (m o n k s ) o r m o re . T h e r e fo r e , i f h e is s t a y i n g w i t h t h r e e m o n k s , t h a t i t s e lf is a n i n t e r r u p t io n .

9 .i]____________ C U L L A V A G G A

I I _____________ 53

N o w a t th a t tim e m o n k s w h o d e s e rv e d r e h a b ilita tio n c o n se n te d to re g u la r m o n k s g re e tin g th e m . * . ( = 1 1 . 1 . 1 , 2 ) " . . . D o n o t le t h im fin d o u t a b o u t m e .' M o n k s, a m o n k w h o d e se rv e s re h a b ilita tio n sh o u ld n o t g o fro m a resid en ce w h ere th e re are m o n k s to a resid en ce w h e re th e re are n o m o n k s . . . fro m a re sid e n ce o r fro m w h a t is n o t a resid en ce w h e re th ere a re m o n k s to a re sid e n ce o r to w h a t is n o t a resid en ce w h ere th e re a re n o m o n k s, e x c e p t w ith a re g u la r (m on k), unless th ere is a d a n g er. M on ks, a m o n k w h o d e se rv e s re h a b ilita tio n m a y g o fro m a resid en ce w h e re th e re a re m o n k s to [36] a resid en ce w h e re th e re are m o n k s . , . m a y g o fro m a resid en ce o r fro m w h a t is n o t a re sid e n ce w h ere th e re are m o n k s to a resid en ce o r to w h a t is n o t a re sid e n ce w h e re th e re a re m o n k s, if th e m o n k s th e re sh o u ld b e lo n g to th e sa m e co m m u n io n , a n d i f he k n o w s, I a m a b le to a r r iv e th is v e r y d a y / M o n k s, a m o n k w h o d e se rv e s re h a b ilita tio n sh o u ld n o t s t a y in a re sid en ce u n d e r one ro o fin g w ith a re g u la r m o n k . . . h e sh o u ld n o t p a c e u p a n d d o w n in a p la c e fo r p a c in g u p a n d d o w n in if h e is p a c in g u p a n d d o w n on th e g ro u n d . M o n k s, a m o n k w h o d e se rv e s re h a b ilita tio n sh o u ld n o t s t a y in a resid en ce u n d e r o n e ro o fin g w ith a m o n k u n d e r p ro b a tio n . . . w ith a m o n k w h 6 d e se rv e s to b e sen t b a c k to th e b e g in n in g . . . w ith a m o n k w h o d e se rv e s m anatta (d iscip lin e) . . . w ith a m o n k u n d e rg o in g manatta (d iscip lin e) . . , w ith a sen ior m o n k w h o d e se rv e s re h a b ilita tio n . . . a n d o u g h t n o t t o b e ca rrie d o u t . il 1 !l 9 II T o ld is th e S e c o n d S e c tio n : th a t o n B e in g u n d e r P ro b a tio n . In th is S e c tio n are fiv e item s. T h is is its k e y :

T h o se u n d e r p ro b a tio n c o n se n t to a re g u la r m o n k 's g ree tin g , sta n d in g u p b e fo re , jo in e d p a lm s, p ro p e r d u tie s ,1 s e a t, / B r in g in g fo rw a rd a slee p in g -p la ce, w a te r fo r th e fe e t, a fo o t sto o l, a fo o ts ta n d , th e b o w l, tr e a tin g th e b a c k b y m a ssa g in g , a n d w e ll-b e h a v e d ones lo o k e d d o w n u p o n .2 /
1 O l d e o b e r g s e d n . r e a d s : a n ja li-s d m ty a m d s a n a m ; S in h . e d n . r e a d s : a H ja lin ca s d m lc iy a m ; S ia m . e d n . r e a d s : a n ja liH c 'e v a s d m ic im . S in h . a n d S ia m , b e g in n e x t lin e w i t h d s a n a m . a O ld e n b e r g s e d n . h a s a lin e le s s t h a n S in h . a n d S ia m ., w h ic h I f o llo w .

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I f o n e co n se n ts th e re is w ro n g -d o in g ,1 m u tu a l, fiv e th in g s a c c o rd in g t o s e n io r ity 2 : O b se rv a n c e , I n v it a t io n , (clo th s for) th e ra in s , g ifts , fo o d .3 / A n d p ro p e r c o n d u c t, th e c a r ria g e th e re , in re g a rd to a re g u la r m o n k ,4 a n d w h a te v e r is th e la s t, n e ith e r a s th e n o v ic e in fro n t o f n or b e h in d ,5 / F o r e s t, b rin g in g b a c k fo o d , w h e n c o m in g in, a t th e O b se rv a n c e , a n d a t th e I n v ita tio n , a n d b y a m e sse n g e r ,6 a n d h e m a y go to w h e re th e re are m o n k s. / U n d e r one ro o fin g a n d g e ttin g u p a n d lik e w is e in re g a rd to o ffe rin g ,7 / on a s e a t, in a h ig h p la c e fo r p a c in g u p a n d d o w n in , on th e g ro u n d a n d n o t in a p la c e fo r p a c in g u p a n d d o w n in, / W it h a s e n io r n o t a (form al) a c t , in te r r u p tio n s 8 a n d c a r r y in g s th ro u g h , p o stp o n in g , ta k in g u p sh o u ld b e s ta te d (by) one u n d e r p r o b a tio n .9 / T o th e b e g in n in g , th o se d e s e r v in g m dnatta , lik e w is e th ose u n d e rg o in g m dnatta , a n d a lso h e w h o d e se rv e s r e h a b ilita tio n a g a in th e co m p o sin g b y th e m e th o d . / T h r e e 10 fo r th o se u n d e r p r o b a tio n , fo u r 10 fo r one u n d e rg o in g m dnatta .
1 B o t h S in h - a n d S i a m , r e a d d u k k a ta m , a s a g a i n s t O l d e n b e r g 's d u k k a ia . * S in h . a n d S ia m , r e a d y a th a v u d d h a m (a s C V . I I . 1 . i ) ; O ld e n b e r g 's e d n . h a s p u n d p a r e ; c f . p u n d p a r e a t S n . 10 0 4 . 0 O ld e n b e r g 's a n d S in h . e d n s . r e a d v a s s ik -o n o ja -b k o ja n a m ; S ia m . e d n . v a ss ik a h c a v a n o ja n a r n , a n d i t b e g in s t h e n e x t lin e w i t h b h a tta m ( o m it t e d b y O ld e n b e r g a n d S in h .) , w h ic h is t h e w o r d u s e d a t e n d o f C V . I I . 1. i , b h o ja n a n o t o c c u r r in g t h e r e a t a ll. , 4 p a k a ta tta ss a g a cch a n a m , O ld e n b e r g ; p a k a ta tte n a g a cch a re, S in h . a n d S ia m , e d n s . T h i s r e fe r s t o n o t w a l k i n g o r s i t t i n g d o w r in f r o n t o f a r e g u l a r m o n k ( C V . I I . 1. 2 ). 6 S in h . a n d S ia m , e d n s : n a p u r e p a c c h d s a m a p e n a ; O l d e n b e r g : p u r e p a cch d ta th ev a ca . * S in h . a n d S ia m . e d n s . : d u ten a ; O ld e n b e r g ; d u to . 7 S in h . a n d S ia m . e d n s . r e a d : e k a c c h a n n e n a ( S in h . ca ) v a tth a b b a m n a c h a m a y a m n is a jjit e . 8 S in h . a n d S ia m . e d n s . r e a d r a tticch e d d ; O ld e n b e r g : r a tiicck e d o . 9 S in h . a n d S ia m . e d n s . r e a d : n ik k ip a n a tn s a m a d a n a tn n a ta b b a m p d r iv d s ik a ; O ld e n b e r g : n ik k h ip a n a t n sa m d d a n a tn , r a tti va p a r iv d s ik e . 10 R e f e r r in g t o *' in t e r r u p t io n s , a s a t C V . I I . 2. 1 ; I I . 7 . 1 .

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A s w ith th e th re e in te rru p tio n s , so th e re is ' d a ily ' fo r th o se u n d e rg o in g m anatta * T w o (form al) a c ts a re sim ila r, th e re m a in in g th re e (form al) a c ts are e x a c t l y th e sam e. [37]

1 sa tn a n tir a ttic c h e d e su n ia n a ttesu ca d ev a st ( O ld e n b e r g a n d S in h .) . m e a n in g , I t a k e i t , t h a t a s t h e r e is a n e x t r a ** in t e r r u p t io n ** f o r o n e u n d e r g o in g m a n a tta , so h e h a s t o m a k e a n e x t r a a n n o u n c e m e n t " ( b e g in n in g o f I I . 0. i ) . S ia m , e d n . r e a d s : n a s a m e n ti r a tticck e d d m d n a tte s u ca d e v d sik a n t, " t h e in t e r r u p t io n s d o n o t a g r e e (o r, a r e n o t in a c c o r d a n c e , n o t o n a ll f o u r s ) a n d t h e r e is d a i ly * f o r t h o s e u n d e r g o in g m a n a tta

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A t one tim e th e A w a k e n e d O n e , t h e L o rd , w a s s ta y in g a t S a v a t t h i in th e J e t a G ro v e in A n a th a p in d ik a 's m o n a ste ry . N ow ' a t t h a t tim e th e v e n e ra b le U d a y in 1 c a m e t o h a v e fa lle n in to o n e o ffe n ce : th e in te n tio n a l em issio n o f se m e n ,2 n o t c o n c e a led . H e a n n o u n c e d to m o n k s : " I , y o u r re v e re n c e s, h a v e fa lle n in to one o ffe n c e . . . n o t c o n c e a le d . N o w w h a t lin e o f c o n d u c t sh o u ld b e fo llo w e d b y m e ? " T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e s a id : W e ll th e n , m o n k s, le t th e O rd e r in flic t m anatta (d iscip lin e) fo r s ix n ig h ts 3 o n th e m o n k U d a y in fo r th e one o ffen ce . . . n o t concealed* j| x [| A n d th u s , m o n k s, sh o u ld it b e in flic te d : M o n k s, t h a t m o n k U d a y in , h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d th e O rd er, h a v in g a rra n g e d h is u p p e r ro b e o v e r o n e sh o u ld er, h a v in g h o n o u re d th e fe e t o f th e sen io r m o n k s, h a v in g s a t d o w n o n h is h a u n c h e s, h a v in g sa lu te d w ith jo in e d p a lm s, sh o u ld s p e a k th u s to it : H o n o u re d sirs, I fe ll in to one o ffen ce . . . n o t co n c e a le d . S o I , h o n o u red sirs, a sk th e O rd e r fo r m a natta (d iscip lin e) fo r s ix n ig h ts on a c c o u n t o f th e o n e o ffen ce . . . n o t co n c e a le d . I , h o n o u red sirs, fe ll in to one o ffen ce . . . n o t c o n c e a le d . A n d a seco n d tim e I a s k th e O rd e r . . . n o t c o n c e a le d . -I, h o n o u re d sirs, fe ll in to o n e o ffe n ce . . . n o t c o n c e a le d . A n d a th ir d tim e I a s k th e O rd e r fo r m anatta (d iscip lin e) fo r s ix n ig h ts on a c c o u n t o f th e o n e o ffe n ce : th e in te n tio n a l em issio n o f sem en , n o t c o n c e a le d / || 2 || T h e O rd er sh o u ld be in fo rm e d b y an e x p e rie n c e d , c o m p e te n t m o n k , s a y in g : H o n o u re d sirs, le t th e O rd e r liste n to m e. T h is m o n k U d a y in fe ll in to o n e o ffe n ce . . . n o t c o n c e a le d . H e is a s k in g th e O rd e r fo r m anatta (d iscip lin e) fo r s ix
1 A s e n s u a l m o n k . S e e I n d e x t o N a m e s in B.D. i, ii, iii. 1 F o r m a l M e e t in g I ( V i n . iii. 1 1 2 , B .D . i. 1 9 6 ) . Cf. a ls o P a c . I X , L X I V , a n d V i n . i v . 19 4 f . N.B . a t B.D. ii. 2 1 9 ( P a c . I X ) t h e s e n t e n c e , H e , b e in g u n d e r p r o b a t io n , s a t d o w n in t l ie r e f e c t o r y a t t h e e n d o f a seat* (d s a n a p a r iy a n te ) s h o u ld b e c o r r e c t e d t o s a t d o w n . . . o n t h e l a s t s e a t " , in a c c o r d a n c e w i t h C V . I I . 1. 2. * V A . 1 1 7 0 m e n t io n s f o u r k i n d s o f m a n a tta : t h e u n c o n c e a le d , t h e c o n c e a le d , t h e f o r t n i g h t 's d u r a t io n , t h e c o n c u r r e n t .

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n ig h ts on a c c o u n t o f th e one o ffen ce . . . n o t c o n cea le d . I f it seem s rig h t to th e O rd er, th e O rd er m a y in flict mdnatta (dis cipline) fo r s ix n ig h ts on th e m o n k U d a y in o n a c co u n t o f th e one offen ce . . . n o t co n c e a le d . [38] T h is is th e m o tio n . H o n o u red sirs, le t t h e O rd er liste n to m e. T h is m o n k U d a y in fe ll in to one o ffen ce . . . n o t co n c e a le d . H e is a s k in g th e O rd e r fo r mdnatta (discipline) . . . n o t co n cea le d . T h e O rd er is in flictin g mdnatta (discipline) fo r s ix n ig h ts o n th e m o n k U d a y in on a c c o u n t o f th e one o ffen ce . . . n o t c o n cea le d . I f th e in flictio n of mdnatta (disciplin e) fo r s ix n ig h ts on th e m o n k U d a y in on a c co u n t o f th e one o ffen ce . . . n o t co n c e a le d is p le a sin g to th e v e n e ra b le ones, t h e y sh o u ld b e sile n t ; h e to w h o m it is n o t p le a sin g sh o u ld sp e a k . A n d a se co n d tim e I sp e a k fo rth th is m a tte r . . . A n d a th ir d tim e I s p e a k fo rth th is m a tte r : H o n o u red sirs, le t th e O rd e r liste n to m e. T h is m o n k U d a y in . . . sh o u ld sp e a k . M dnatta (discipline) is b e in g in flicte d b y th e O rd e r fo r s ix n ig h ts o n th e m o n k U d a y in fo r th e o n e o ffen ce : in te n tio n a l em issio n of sem en, n o t co n cea led . I t is p le a sin g to th e O rd er, th e re fo re it is sile n t. T h u s do I u n d e rsta n d th is .' " II 3 II 1 II H e , h a v in g p e rfo rm e d mdnatta (d iscip lin e), a n n o u n ce d to m o n k s : I , y o u r re v e ren ce s, fe ll in to one o ffen ce : th e in te n tio n a l em issio n o f sem en , n o t c o n c e a le d ; so I a sk e d th e O rd e r fo r mdnatta (disciplin e) fo r s ix n ig h ts o n a c c o u n t o f th e one offen ce . . . n o t c o n c e a le d ; th u s th e O rd e r in flicte d mdnatta (discipline) fo r s ix n ig h ts on m e on a c c o u n t o f th e one o ffen ce . . . n o t c o n cea le d . I h a v e n o w p e rfo rm e d mdnatta (d iscip lin e). N o w w h a t lin e o f c o n d u c t sh o u ld b e fo llo w e d b y m e ? T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e s a id : W e ll, th e n , m o n k s, le t th e O rd e r r e h a b ilita te th e m o n k U d a y in . || x j| " A n d th u s, m o n k s, sh o u ld he b e re h a b ilita te d : T h a t m o n k U d a y in , h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d th e O rd er, h a v in g a rra n g e d h is u p p e r ro b e o v e r o n e sh o u ld er, h a v in g h o n o u re d th e fe e t o f th e sen io r m o n k s, h a v in g s a t d o w n on h is h a u n c h e s, h a v in g sa lu te d w ith jo in e d p a lm s, sh o u ld s p e a k th u s to i t : ' I , h o n o u re d sirs, fell in to one o ffe n ce . . . n o t c o n c e a le d ; so I a sk e d th e O rd e r fo r mdnatta (disciplin e) fo r s ix n ig h ts o n a c c o u n t o f th e one offence . . . n o t co n c e a le d ; th u s th e O rd e r in flic te d m dnatta D

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(d iscip lin e) fo r s ix n ig h ts on m e on a c c o u n t o f th e one o ffen ce . . . n o t co n c e a le d . N o w I , h o n o u re d sirs, h a v in g p e rfo rm e d m anatta (d iscip lin e), a sk th e O rd e r fo r r e h a b ilita tio n . I, h o n o u re d sirs, fe ll in to o n e o ffen ce . . . S o I , h o n o u re d sirs, h a v in g p e rfo rm e d m anatta (d iscip lin e), a s k th e O rd e r a seco n d tim e a lso fo r r e h a b ilita tio n . I , h o n o u re d sirs, fe ll in to one o ffen ce . . . S o 1, h o n o u re d sirs, h a v in g p e rfo rm e d manatta (d iscip lin e), a s k th e O rd e r a th ir d tim e also fo r r e h a b ilita tio n / || 2 || " T h e O rd e r sh o u ld be in fo rm e d b y a n e x p e rie n c e d , c o m p e te n t m o n k , s a y in g : [39] ' H o n o u re d sirs, le t th e O rd e r listen to m e. T h is m o n k U d a y in , fe ll in to o n e o ffe n ce : th e in te n tio n a l em issio n o f sem en , n o t c o n c e a le d ; so h e a sk e d th e O rd er fo r m anatta (d iscip lin e) fo r s ix n ig h ts o n a c c o u n t o f th e o n e o ffen ce . . . n o t co n cea led T h e O rd e r in flic te d m anatta (disciplin e) fo r s ix n ig h ts on th e m o n k U d a y in on a c c o u n t of th e o n e o ffe n ce . . . n o t co n c e a le d . H e , h a v in g p e rfo rm e d manatta (d iscip lin e), is a s k in g th e O rd e r fo r r e h a b ilita tio n . I f it seem s rig h t to th e O rd er, th e O rd e r m a y r e h a b ilita te th e m o n k U d a y in . T h is is th e m o tio n . H o n o u re d sirs, le t th e O rd e r liste n t o m e. T h is m o n k U d a y in fe ll in to one offence . . . . is a s k in g th e O rd e r fo r r e h a b ilita tio n . T h e O rd e r is r e h a b ilita tin g th e m o n k U d a y in . I f th e r e h a b ilita tio n o f th e m o n k U d a y in is p le a sin g t o th e v e n e ra b le ones, t h e y sh ou ld b e sile n t ; he to w h o m it is n o t p le a sin g sh o u ld sp e a k . A n d a seco n d tim e I s p e a k fo r th th is m a tte r . . . A n d a th ir d tim e I s p e a k fo r th th is m a tte r . H o n o u re d sirs, le t th e O rd e r liste n t o m e . . . sh o u ld sp e a k . T h e m o n k U d a y in is re h a b ilita te d b y th e O rd e r. I t is p le a s in g to th e O rd e r ; th e re fo re it is silen t. T h u s d o 1 u n d e rsta n d th is / II 3 II 2 || N o w a t t h a t tim e th e v e n e ra b le U d a y in c a m e to h a v e fallen in to one o ffe n ce : th e in te n tio n a l em issio n o f se m e n , co n cea led fo r o n e d a y . H e a n n o u n c e d to m o n k s, s a y in g : " I , yo u r re v e re n c e s, h a v e fa lle n in to one o ffe n ce . . . c o n c e a le d fo r one d a y . N o w w h a t lin e o f c o n d u c t sh o u ld b e fo llo w e d b y m e ? T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o r d . H e sa id : W e ll th e n , m o n k s, le t th e O rd e r im p o se p r o b a tio n fo r one d a y on th e m o n k U d a y in o n a c c o u n t o f th e offence . . . co n cea le d fo r o n e day* || i ||

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" A n d th u s , m o n k s, sh o u ld it b e im p o se d : . . . [40] ( T h e matter w hich here follow s is p recisely as in 1 . 2 , 3 , w ith the neces sary changes in the wording o f (a) the offence , ( b) the penalty) - II 2 , 3 II 3 || H e, h a v in g s ta y e d u n d e r p ro b a tio n , a n n o u n c e d to m o n k s : " I , y o u r re v e re n c e s, fe ll in to one o ffen ce . . . co n c e a le d for one d a y ; so I a sk e d th e O rd e r fo r p r o b a tio n fo r one d a y on a c co u n t o f th e o n e o ffe n ce . . . c o n c e a le d fo r one d a y ; th u s th e O rd e r im p o se d p ro b a tio n fo r one d a y o n m e on a c c o u n t o f th e o n e o ffe n ce , . . c o n c e a le d fo r o n e d a y . I h a ve now s ta y e d u n d e r p ro b a tio n . N o w w h a t lin e o f c o n d u c t sh o u ld b e fo llo w ed b y m e ? J* T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : " W e ll th e n , m o n k s, le t th e O rd e r in flic t m anatta (disciplin e) fo r s ix n ig h ts on th e m o n k U d a y in on a c c o u n t o f th e o n e o ffen ce . . . c o n c e a le d fo r o n e d a y . || 1 |[ (Here follo w s p recisely the sam e m ateria l as in 1. 2 , 3 , reading c o n c e a le d fo r one d a y in stea d o f n o t c o n c e a le d . . . [41] . . .) II 2 , 3 II 4 || H e, h a v in g p e rfo rm e d manatta (d iscip lin e), a n n o u n c e d to th e m o n k s : " I , y o u r re v e re n c e s, fe ll in to o n e o ffe n ce . . . ( = I I I . 4. 1 ) . . . I , h a v in g s ta y e d u n d e r p ro b a tio n , a sk e d th e O rd er fo r manatta (disciplin e) fo r s ix n ig h ts on a c c o u n t o f the one o ffen ce . . . c o n c e a le d fo r one d a y . I h a v e n o w p e rfo rm e d manatta (d iscip lin e). N o w w h a t lin e o f c o n d u c t sh o u ld b e fo llo w e d b y m e ? T h e y to ld th is m a tte r t o th e L o rd . H e sa id : " W e ll th e n , m o n k s, le t th e O rd e r re h a b ilita te th e m o n k U d a y in . |j 1 || (Here follow s precisely the same m aterial as in 2. 2 , 3 , reading c o n cea le d fo r o n e d a y instead o f n o t co n cealed ) . . . [42]

. -

I I 2, 3 I I5 H

N o w a t t h a t tim e th e v e n e ra b le U d a y in fe ll in to one o ffen ce : th e in te n tio n a l em issio n o f sem en , c o n c e a le d fo r tw o d a y s . . . th ree d a y s . . . fo u r d a y s . . . fiv e d a y s . H e a n n o u n c e d to m o n k s : I, y o u r re v e re n c e s, fe ll in to one o ffen ce . . . co n cea le d fo r tw o . . . fiv e d a y s . . . ( = I I I . 3. In stea d o f

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co n c e a le d fo r o n e d a y , p ro b a tio n fo r o n e d a y , read c o n c e a le d fo r tw o . . . fiv e d a y s , p ro b a tio n fo r tw o . . . fiv e d a y s) . . . T h u s d o I u n d e rs ta n d th is / [| x |! 6 | J W h ile h e w a s u n d e r p ro b a tio n h e fe ll in to o n e o ffen ce : th e in te n tio n a l em issio n o f se m e n , n o t c o n c e a le d . H e a n n o u n ce d to m o n k s : " I , y o u r re v e re n c e s, fe ll in to o n e o ffe n c e . . . c o n c e a le d fo r fiv e d a y s ; so I a sk e d th e O rd e r fo r p ro b a tio n fo r fiv e d a y s o n a c c o u n t o f th is o ffe n ce . . . c o n c e a le d fo r fiv e d a y s ; th u s th e O rd e r g r a n te d m e p ro b a tio n fo r fiv e d a y s on a c c o u n t o f th e o n e o ffen ce . . . c o n c e a le d fo r fiv e d a y s . N o w w h ile I w a s u n d e r p ro b a tio n I fe ll in to o n e o ffe n ce . . . n o t co n c e a le d . N o w w h a t lin e o f c o n d u c t sh o u ld b e fo llo w e d b y m e ? T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : " W e ll th e n , m o n k s, le t th e O rd e r se n d th e m o n k U d a y in b a c k to th e b e g in n in g o n a c c o u n t o f th e o n e o ffen ce . . . n o t co n c e a le d , w h ile (he w a s u n d e r p ro b a tio n ). || i || A n d th u s , m o n k s, sh o u ld h e b e se n t b a c k to th e b e g in n in g : T h a t m o n k U d a y in , h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d th e O rd e r . . . sh o u ld s p e a k th u s to i t ; * I , h o n o u re d sirs, fe ll in to o n e o ffen ce . . . co n cea le d fo r fiv e d a y s . S o I a s k e d th e O rd e r fo r p r o b a tio n fo r fiv e d a y s o n a c c o u n t o f th e o n e o ffe n c e . . . co n cea le d fo r fiv e d a y s ; th u s th e O rd e r g ra n te d m e p r o b a tio n fo r five d a y s . . . c o n c e a le d fo r fiv e d a y s . W h ile I w a s d o in g p r o b a tio n I fe ll in to o n e o ffen ce . . . n o t co n c e a le d . S o I a m a sk in g th e O rd e r fo r se n d in g b a c k to th e b e g in n in g on a c c o u n t o f th is o ffe n ce . . . n o t c o n c e a le d / [43] A n d a se co n d tim e it sh o u ld b e a sk e d fo r . . . A n d a th ir d tim e it sh o u ld b e a sk e d fo r . . . || 2 || T h e O rd e r sh o u ld b e in fo rm e d b y a n e x p e rie n c e d , c o m p e te n t m o n k , s a y i n g : H o n o u re d sirs, le t th e O rd e r lis te n to m e. T h is m o n k U d a y in . . . a s k e d th e O rd e r fo r p ro b a tio n fo r fiv e d a y s . . . {cf, I I I . 2 . 3) . . . T h e O rd e r g ra n te d p ro b a tio n fo r fiv e d a y s . . . W h ile h e w a s u n d e r p ro b a tio n h e fell in to one o ffen ce . . . n o t c o n c e a le d . H e is a s k in g th e O rd e r fo r se n d in g b a c k to th e b e g in n in g on a c c o u n t o f th e one offen ce . . . n o t co n c e a le d , w h ile (he w a s u n d e r p ro b a tio n ). I f it seem s rig h t to t h e O rd e r, th e O rd e r m a y sen d th e m o n k U d a y in b a c k to th e b e g in n in g on a c c o u n t o f . . . n o t c o n c e a le d , w h ile (he w a s u n d e r p ro b a tio n ). T h is is th e m o tio n . H o n o u red sirs, le t

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th e O rd er liste n to m e. T h is m o n k U d a y in . . . is a sk in g th e O rd er fo r se n d in g b a c k to th e b e g in n in g on a c c o u n t o f th e one o ffen ce . . . n o t c o n cea le d , w h ile (he w a s u n d e r p ro b a tio n ). T h e O rd er is se n d in g th e m o n k U d a y in b a c k to th e b e g in n in g . . . w h ile (he w a s u n d e r p ro b a tio n ). I f th e se n d in g b a c k to th e b e g in n in g o f th e m o n k U d a y in . . . is p le a s in g to th e v e n e ra b le ones, t h e y sh o u ld b e silen t ; he to w h o m it is n o t p le a sin g sh o u ld sp e a k . A n d a second tim e 1 s p e a k fo r th th is m a tte r . . . A n d a th ird tim e I s p e a k fo r th th is m a tte r . . . T h e m o n k U d a y in is se n t b a c k to th e b e g in n in g b y th e O rd er. T h e se n d in g b a c k to th e b e g in n in g fo r th e m o n k U d a y in on a c c o u n t o f th e one o ffen ce . . . n o t c o n c e a le d is p le a sin g to th e O rd e r ; th e re fo re it is s ile n t. T h u s d o I u n d e rsta n d th is / " 113 ii7 II H e , h a v in g s ta y e d u n d e r p ro b a tio n , w h ile h e w a s d e se rv in g manatta (d iscip lin e), fe ll in to an o ffen ce . . .n o t c o n cea le d . H e a n n o u n c e d to m o n k s : " I , y o u r re v e re n c e s, fe ll in to one offence . . . c o n c e a le d fo r fiv e d a y s ; so I a sk e d th e O rd e r . . . ( = I I I . 7 . i ) . N o w w h ile I w a s u n d e r p ro b a tio n I fe ll in to one o ffen ce . . .n o t co n c e a le d . So I a sk e d th e O rd er fo r se n d in g b a c k to th e b e g in n in g on a c c o u n t o f th e one offence . . . n o t c o n c e a le d . T h e O rd e r se n t m e b a c k to th e b e g in n in g on a c c o u n t o f th e o n e o ffen ce . . . n o t c o n c e a le d , w h ile (I w a s u n d e r p ro b a tio n ). N o w I , h a v in g s ta y e d u n d e r p ro b a tio n w h ile I w a s d e se rv in g manatta (d iscip lin e), fe ll in to one o ffen ce . . . n ot co n c e a le d . N o w w h a t lin e o f c o n d u c t sh o u ld b e fo llo w e d b y m e ? " T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e s a id : " W e ll, th e n , m o n k s, le t th e O rd e r se n d th e m o n k U d a y in b a c k to th e b e g in n in g on a c c o u n t o f th e one o ffen ce . . . n o t co n cea led , w h ile (he w a s u n d e r p r o b a tio n )/ ' || i j| " A n d th u s , m o n k s, sh o u ld h e b e se n t b a c k 1 : T h a t m o n k U d a y in , h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d th e O rd e r . . . sh o u ld s p e a k th u s to it : ' I , h o n o u re d sirs, fe ll in to one o ffe n ce . . . co n cea le d for fiv e d a y s . . . H a v in g s ta y e d u n d e r p ro b a tio n , w h ile I w a s d e se rvin g m anatta (d iscip lin e), I fe ll in to o n e o ffen ce . . . [44] n ot co n cea le d . S o I, h o n o u re d sirs, a s k th e O rd er fo r se n d in g b a c k to th e b e g in n in g on a c c o u n t o f th e one o ffe n ce . . . n o t
1 m u ld y a , t o t h e b e g in n in g , n o t in O l d e n b e r g 's t e x t h e r e . C f . I I I . 7. 2.

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co n cea le d , h a v in g s ta y e d u n d e r p ro b a tio n a n d w h ile 1 w a s d e se rv in g m dnatta (d isc ip lin e ). A n d a se co n d tim e it sh o u ld b e a sk e d fo r . . . A n d a th ird tim e it sh o u ld b e a sk e d fo r . . . II 2 II _ " T h e O rd e r sh o u ld b e in fo rm e d b y a n e x p e rie n c e d , c o m p e te n t m o n k , s a y in g : H o n o u red sirs, le t th e O rd e r lis te n t o m e. T h is m o n k U d a y in . . . a sk s fo r se n d in g b a c k to th e b e g in n in g on a c c o u n t o f th e o n e o ffe n ce . . . n o t c o n c e a le d , w h ile h e w a s d e se rv in g 'mdnatta (d iscip lin e), h a v in g s ta y e d u n d e r p ro b a tio n . I f it se e m s rig h t to th e O rd er, th e O rd e r m a y sen d th e m o n k U d a y in b a c k to th e b e g in n in g . . . h a v in g s t a y e d u n d e r p ro b a tio n . T h is is th e m o tio n : H o n o u re d sirs, le t th e O rd e r lis te n to m e. T h is m o n k U d a y in a s k s . . . T h e O rd e r is se n d in g th e m o n k U d a y in b a c k t o th e b e g in n in g . . . I f th e se n d in g b a c k to th e b e g in n in g fo r th e m o n k U d a y in on a c c o u n t o f . . . is p le a sin g to th e v e n e r a b le o n es, t h e y sh o u ld b e sile n t ; h e to w h o m it is n o t p le a s in g sh o u ld s p e a k . A n d a se co n d tim e I s p e a k fo r th th is m a t t e r . . . A n d a th ird tim e I s p e a k fo r th th is m a tte r . . . T h e m o n k U d a y in is se n t b a c k to th e b e g in n in g b y th e O rd e r. T h e se n d in g b a c k t o th e b e g in n in g . . . is p le a s in g to th e O rd e r, th e re fo rr it is s ile n t. T h u s d o I u n d e rsta n d t h is . 1 1 3 II 8 ll H e , h a v in g s t a y e d u n d e r p r o b a tio n , a n n o u n c e d to m o n k s : " I , y o u r re v e ren ce s, fe ll in to o n e o ffen ce . . . c o n c e a le d fo r fiv e d a y s . . . . (as in I I I . 4 . i ) . . . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : " W e ll th e n , m o n k s, le t th e O rd e r in flic t m dnatta (d iscip lin e) fo r s ix n ig h ts on th e m o n k U d a y in on a c c o u n t o f th e se o ffen ces. Hi I I . . . (as in I I I . 4 2, 3) [45] . . . " . . . T h u s d o I u n d e r sta n d t h i s .'. || 2, 3 || 9 || W h ile he w a s u n d e rg o in g m dnatta (d iscip lin e) he fe ll in to one o ffen ce . * . n o t c o n c e a le d . H e a n n o u n c e d to m o n k s : I , y o u r re v e re n c e s, fe ll in to o n e o ffe n c e . . . c o n c e a le d fo r fiv e d a y s . . . (as in I I I . 8. x) . . . " T h e y to ld th is m a tte r t o th e L o r d . H e sa id : . " W e ll th e n , m o n k s, le t th e O rd e r, h a v in g se n t th e m o n k U d a y in b a c k to th e b e g in n in g o n a c c o u n t o f th e o n e o ffe n c e

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. . . w h ile he w a s u n d e rg o in g m dnatta (d iscip lin e), n o t c o n cealed , in flict m dnatta (discipline) fo r s ix n ig h ts. A n d th u s , m onks, sh o u ld h e b e se n t b a c k to th e b e g in n in g . . . A n d th u s, m on ks, sh o u ld mdnatta (discipline) fo r s ix n ig h ts b e in flic te d . . . M dnatta (discipline) fo r s ix n ig h ts is in flicte d b y th e O rd er on th e m o n k U d a y in fo r th e one o ffen ce . . . I t is p le a sin g to th e O rd er ; th e re fo re it is s ile n t. T h u s d o I u n d e r sta n d th is / J | 1 f| 1 0 || H e, h a v in g p e rfo rm e d mdnatta (disciplin e) a n d w h ile he d e se rve d re h a b ilita tio n , fe ll in to o n e o ffen ce . . . n o t c o n cealed . H e a n n o u n ce d to m o n k s . . . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : " W e ll th e n , m o n k s, le t th e O rd er, h a v in g se n t th e m o n k U d a y in b a c k to th e b e g in n in g o n a c c o u n t o f th e o n e o ffen ce . . . w h e n h e h a d p e rfo rm e d m dnatta (d iscip lin e) a n d w h ile he d e se rv e d r e h a b ilita tio n , in flict m dnatta (disciplin e) on h im fo r six n ig h ts. A n d th u s, m o n k s, sh o u ld h e b e se n t b a c k to th e b e g in n in g . . . A n d th u s, m o n k s, sh o u ld mdnatta (d iscip lin e) fo r s ix n ig h ts b e in flic te d . . - ' . . . T h u s d o I u n d e rs ta n d th is.' II r |j 1 1 II H e, h a v in g p e rfo rm e d mdnatta (d iscip lin e), a n n o u n ce d to m o n ks : " I , y o u r re v e re n c e s, fe ll in to o n e o ffe n ce . . . c o n ce aled fo r fiv e d a y s . [46] . . . (as in I I I . 2 x). I h a v e n o w p e rfo rm ed mdnatta (d iscip lin e). N o w w h a t lin e o f c o n d u c t sh o u ld b e fo llo w e d b y m e ? T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : W e ll th e n , m o n k s, le t th e O rd e r r e h a b ilita te th e m o n k U d a y in . || 1 || " A n d th u s, m o n k s, sh o u ld h e b e re h a b ilita te d : T h a t m o n k U d a y in , h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d th e O rd er . . . sh o u ld sp e a k th u s to it : ' I , h o n o u re d sirs, fe ll in to one o ffen ce . . * c o n c e a le d fo r five d a y s . So I a s k e d th e O rd e r fo r p ro b a tio n fo r fiv e d a y s on a c c o u n t o f th e o n e o ffen ce . . . c o n c e a le d fo r fiv e d a y s. T h e refo re th e O rd e r g r a n te d m e p ro b a tio n fo r fiv e d a y s on a cco u n t o f th e one o ffen ce . . . c o n c e a le d fo r fiv e d a y s . W h ile I w a s d o in g p ro b a tio n I fe ll in to one o ffen ce . . . n o t co n cealed . S o I a sk e d th e O rd e r fo r se n d in g b a c k to th e b e g in n in g o n a c c o u n t o f th e o n e o ffe n ce . . . w h ile I w a s d o in g p ro b a tio n , n o t co n cea le d . T h e O rd e r se n t m e b a c k to th e

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b e g in n in g * . . B u t th e n I , h a v in g s ta y e d u n d e r p ro b a tio n a n d w h ile I d e se rv e d mdnatta (d iscip lin e), fe ll in to one o ffen ce . . . n o t co n c e a le d . So I a sk e d th e O rd e r fo r se n d in g b a c k to th e b e g in n in g . . . T h e O rd e r se n t m e b a c k to th e b e g in n in g . . . n o t c o n cea le d . So I a sk e d th e O rd e r fo r m dnatta (disciplin e) fo r s ix n ig h ts o n a c c o u n t o f th e th re e o ffen ces. B e c a u s e o f th is, th e O rd e r in flic te d mdnatta (d iscip lin e) fo r s ix n ig h ts on m e o n a c co u n t o f th e th re e offen ces. B u t w h ;le I w a s u n d e r g o in g m dnatta (disciplin e) I fe ll in to o n e o ffen ce . . . n o t co n c e aled . So I a sk e d th e O rd e r fo r se n d in g b a c k to th e b e g in n in g . . . T h u s th e O rd e r s e n t m e b a c k to th e b e g in n in g . . . So I a sk e d th e O rd e r fo r m dnatta (disciplin e) fo r s ix n ig h ts on a c co u n t o f th e one o ffe n ce . . . w h ile I w a s u n d e rg o in g m dnatta (d iscip lin e), n o t c o n c e a le d . T h e O rd e r in flicte d mdnatta (disciplin e) fo r s ix n ig h ts o n m e. W h e n I h a d p e r fo rm e d m dnatta (disciplin e) a n d w h ile I d e se rv e d r e h a b ilita tio n , I fe ll in to o n e o ffe n ce . . . n o t c o n c e a le d . So 1 a sk e d th e O rd e r fo r se n d in g b a c k to th e b e g in n in g on a c c o u n t o f th e one o ffen ce . . . w h ile I d e se rv e d r e h a b ilita tio n , n o t c o n cea le d . T h u s th e O rd e r se n t m e b a c k to th e b e g in n in g . . . A n d I a sk e d th e O rd e r fo r m dnatta (d iscip lin e) fo r s ix n ig h ts on a c c o u n t o f th e one o ffen ce . . . w h ile 1 d e se rv e d re h a b ilita ion , n o t c o n c e a le d . B e c a u s e o f th is, th e O rd e r in flic te d m dnatta , (disciplin e) fo r s ix n ig h ts on m e . . . S o I , h o n o u red sirs, h a v in g p e rfo rm e d m dnatta (d iscip lin e) a s k th e O rd e r fo r re h a b ilita tio n .' A n d a se co n d tim e sh o u ld it b e a s k e d fo r . . . A n d a th ir d tim e sh o u ld it b e as^ked fo r . . . [| 2 || " T h e O rd e r sh o u ld b e in fo rm e d b y a n e x p e rie n c e d , c o m p e te n t m o n k , s a y in g : [47] ' H o n o u re d sirs, . . . (as i n 1 2 . 2 ) . . . H e , h a v in g p e rfo rm e d m dnatta (d iscip lin e), a sk s th e O rd e r fo r r e h a b ilita tio n . I f i t seem s r ig h t t o th e O rd er, . . . A n d a th ir d tim e I s p e a k fo r th th is m a tte r , . T h e m o n k U d a y in is r e h a b ilita te d b y th e O rd er. I t is p le a sin g to th e O rd e r . . . T h u s d o I u n d e rsta n d t h is . |j 3 || 1 2 || N o w a t t h a t tim e th e v e n e ra b le U d a y in fe ll in to o n e o ffen ce . . . co n c e a le d fo r h a lf a m o n th . . . (as i n I I I . 3. Instead o f c o n c e a le d fo r o n e d a y , p ro b a tio n fo r one d a y read co n c e a le d fo r h a lf a m o n th , p ro b a tio n fo r h a lf a m on th ) . . . e . . .T h u s d o I u n d e rsta n d t h is . [| x j| 1 3 [j

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W h ile he w a s u n d e r p ro b a tio n h e fe ll in to one o ffen ce . , . co n cea le d fo r fiv e d a y s . H e a n n o u n c e d to m o n k s : " 1 , y o u r re ve ren ce s, fe ll in to one o ffe n ce . . . c o n c e a le d fo r h a lf a m o n th . So I a sk e d th e O rd e r fo r p ro b a tio n fo r h a lf a m o n th on a c c o u n t o f th e o n e o ffen ce . . . c o n c e a le d fo r h a lf a m o n th . B e c a u se o f th is th e O rd e r g ra n te d m e p ro b a tio n fo r h a lf a m o n th . T h e n w h ile I w a s u n d e r p ro b a tio n , I fe ll in to one offence . . - c o n c e a le d fo r fiv e d ays* N o w w h a t lin e o f c o n d u c t sh o u ld be fo llo w e d b y m e ? T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e s a id ; W e ll th e n , m o n k s, le t th e O rd er, h a v in g se n t th e m o n k U d a y in b a c k to th e b e g in n in g on a c c o u n t o f th e one o ffen ce . * . co n c e a le d fo r fiv e d a y s , g r a n t h im p ro b a tio n c o n c u rre n t 1 w ith th e fo rm e r o ffen ce. || i || " A n d th u s , m o n k s, sh o u ld h e be sen t b a c k to th e b e g in n in g : . . . (as in I I I . 7 . 2 , 3 . R ead c o n c e a le d fo r h a lf a m o n th , p ro b a tio n fo r h a lf a m o n th , a n d then c o n c e a le d fo r fiv e d a y s instead o f c o n c e a le d fo r fiv e d a y s , p ro b a tio n fo r fiv e d a y s , and then n o t con cealed ) . . . ' . * . T h u s d o I u n d e rsta n d th is / || 2 || A n d th u s , m o n k s, sh o u ld p ro b a tio n c o n c u r r e n t w ith th e fo rm er o ffen ce b e g r a n t e d ; T h a t m o n k U d a y in , h a v in g a p p ro a ch e d th e O rd e r . . . sh o u ld s p e a k th u s to it : I , h o n o u red sirs, a sk e d th e O rd e r fo r se n d in g b a c k to th e b e g in n in g . . . ( || 2 j|) . . . T h e r e fo r e th e O rd e r se n t m e b a c k to th e b e g in n in g on a c c o u n t o f th e o n e o ffe n ce . . . w h ile I w a s u n d e r p ro b a tio n fo r h a lf a m o n th , c o n c e a le d fo r fiv e d a y s . S o I, h o n o u re d sirs, a s k th e O rd e r fo r c o n c u rre n t p ro b a tio n w ith th e fo rm e r o ffe n ce . . . w h ile I w a s u n d e r p ro b a tio n fo r h a lf a m o n th , c o n c e a le d fo r fiv e d a y s / A n d a se c o n d tim e . . A n d a th ird tim e it sh o u ld b e a s k e d fo r. T h e O rd e r sh o u ld b e in fo rm ed A n d a th ir d tim e I s p e a k fo r th th is
1 s a m o d h d n a p a r iv a s a . D u t t , E a r ly B u d d h is t M o n a c h is m , p . 1 6 9 , s a y s , " W h e n a n o t h e r o ffe n c e is c o m m it t e d d u r in g t h e c o n t in u a n c e o f t h e P a r i v a s a p e r io d , a fr e s h p e i i o d b e g in s t o r u n f r o m t h e d a t e o f t h e c o m m is s io n o f t h e s e c o n d o f ie n c e a n d i t e x t e n d s o v e r a s m a n y d a y s a s w e r e c o v e r e d b y t h e P a r iv a s a p e r io d p r e s c i ib e d f o r t h e f ir s t o ffe n c e o r t h e P a r iv J ts a p e r io d p r e s c i i b e d f o r t h e s e c o n d o ffe n c e , w h ic h e v e r p e r i o d m a y b e lo n g e r / * A s V in . T e x ts ii. 40 5, n . 1 p o in t s o u t , t h e p e n a l t i e s f o r t h i s n e w o ffe n c e a n d f o r t h e o ld o n e w e r e n o t a c c u m u la t i v e b u t c o n c u r r e n t . T h e o f fe n d e r l o s t t h e a d v a n ta g e o f th e p r o b a tio n h e h a d a lr e a d y u n d e rg o n e , h e w a s th r b w n b a c k t o th e c o m m e n c e m e n t o f h is t e r m o f p r o b a t io n , a n d h a d t o b e g in a g a i n . " The m a na tta t o w h ic h h e w a s li a b l e f o r t h e fir s t offeD ce w a s n o t a ff e c t e d .

D*

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m a tte r . - . C o n c u rre n t p r o b a tio n w ith th e fo rm e r o ffe n ce is g r a n te d b y th e O rd e r to th e m o n k U d a y in on a c c o u n t o f th e one o ffen ce . . . w h ile he w a s u n d e r p r o b a tio n fo r h a lf a m o n th , c o n c e a le d fo r fiv e d a y s . I t is p le a s in g . . . T h u s d o I u n d e rsta n d th is / ' [| 3 || 14 || H e , h a v in g s ta y e d u n d e r p ro b a tio n , w h ile d e s e rv in g m dnatta (d iscip lin e), fe ll in to o n e o ffe n ce . . . c o n c e a le d fo r fiv e d a y s . . . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : " W e l l th e n , m o n k s, le t th e O rd e r, h a v in g se n t th e m o n k U d a y in b a c k to th e b e g in n in g o n a c c o u n t o f th e one o ffen ce . . . c o n c e a le d fo r fiv e d a y s , g r a n t h im p r o b a tio n c o n c u rre n t w ith th e fo rm e r o ffen ce. A n d th u s , m o n k s, sh o u ld h e b e sen t b a c k to th e b e g in n in g . . . (<zs in 14 . 2, 3) . . . A n d th u s , m o n k s, sh o u ld p r o b a tio n c o n c u rre n t w ith th e fo rm e r o ffen ce be g r a n te d . . . . . . T h u s d o I u n d e rsta n d th is / J' || x || 15 || | H e , h a v in g s t a y e d u n d e r p r o b a tio n , a n n o u n c e d to m o n k s : . . (as in I I I . 4 . x reading c o n c e a le d fo r fiv e d a y s instea d o f c co n c e a le d fo r one d a y ). . . . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r t o th e L o rd . H e s a id : [49] W e ll th e n , m o n k s, le t th e O rd e r in flic t m dnatta (d iscip lin e) fo r s ix n ig h ts on th e m o n k U d a y in on a c c o u n t o f th e th re e offen ces. A n d th u s , m o n k s, sh o u ld it be i n f li c t e d : T h a t m o n k U d a y in , h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d th e O rd e r . . . ' . . . And a th ir d tim e I s p e a k fo r th th is m a tte r . . . M d n a tta (d iscip lin e) is in flic te d b y th e O rd e r fo r s ix n ig h ts on th e m o n k U d a y in on a c c o u n t o f th e th re e o ffe n ces. I t is p le a s in g . . . T h u s do I u n d e rsta n d t h is / || 1 || 16 j| W h ile h e w a s u n d e rg o in g m dnatta (d iscip lin e) h e fe ll in to one offen ce, c o n c e a le d fo r fiv e d a y s . H e a n n o u n c e d to m o n k s : I , y o u r re v e ren ce s, fe ll in to o n e o ffe n ce . . . co n cea le d fo r h a lf a m o n th . . . ' (and he told a ll that h ad happened fr o m 13 onwards) . . . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to t h e L o rd . H e s a id : " W e ll th e n , m o n k s, le t th e O rd e r, h a v in g se n t th e m o n k U d a y in b a c k t o th e b e g in n in g on a c c o u n t o f th e one o ffen ce . . . c o n c e a le d fo r fiv e d a y s , h a v in g g r a n te d h im p ro b a tio n c o n c u rre n t w ith th e fo rm e r o ffe n ce, in flict m dnatta (d iscip lin e) on h im fo r s ix n ig h ts. A n d th u s , m o n k s, sh o u ld h e b e se n t

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b a c k to th e b e g in n in g . . . A n d th u s , m o n k s, sh o u ld p r o b a tio n co n c u rre n t w ith th e fo rm e r o ffen ce b e g r a n te d . . .A n d th u s , m o n ks, sh o u ld mdnatta (d iscip lin e) fo r s ix n ig h ts b e in flic te d . . . ' M dnatta (disciplin e) fo r s ix n ig h ts is in flicte d b y th e O rd er on th e m o n k U d a y in on a c c o u n t o f th e one o ffen ce . . . w h ile he w a s u n d e rg o in g m dnatta (d iscip lin e), c o n c e a le d fo r five d a y s. I t is p le a sin g . . . T h u s d o I u n d e rs ta n d t h is .

I I1 I II? I I
H e, h a v in g p e rfo rm e d m dnatta (d iscip lin e), w h ile h e d e se rv e d re h a b ilita tio n fe ll in to one o ffen ce . . . c o n c e a le d fo r fiv e d a y s . H e a n n o u n ce d to m o n k s : * I , y o u r re v e re n c e s, fe ll in to one offence, co n c e a le d fo r h a lf a m o n th . . . (he repeats a ll that Jtas happened fro m 1 3 onwards) . . . W h e n I h a d p e rfo rm e d mdnatta (disciplin e) a n d w h ile I d e s e rv e d r e h a b ilita tio n , I fe ll in to o n e o ffen ce . . . c o n c e a le d fo r fiv e d a y s . N o w w h a t lin e o f c o n d u c t sh o u ld b e fo llo w e d b y m e ? T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : W e ll th e n , m o n k s, le t th e O rd er, h a v in g se n t th e m o n k U d a y in b a c k to th e b e g in n in g on a c c o u n t o f th e o n e o ffen ce . . . c o n c e a le d fo r fiv e d a y s , h a v in g g r a n te d h im p ro b a tio n co n cu rren t w ith th e fo rm e r offen ce, in flict m dnatta (d iscip lin e) fo r s ix n ig h ts on h im * . . (as in 1 7 . 1 ). ' . . . T h u s d o I u n d e rsta n d t h is . " || 1 j| 1 8 || [50] H e , h a v in g p e rfo rm e d mdnatta (d iscip lin e), a n n o u n c e d to m o n k s : I , y o u r re v e ren ce s, fe ll in to one o ffe n ce . . . c o n c e a le d fo r h a lf a m o n th . . . (as fro m 1 3 onwards) I h a v e n o w p e rfo rm e d mdnatta (d iscip lin e). N o w w h a t lin e o f c o n d u c t is to b e fo llo w e d b y m e ? T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : W e ll th e n , m o n k s, le t th e O rd e r r e h a b ilita te th e m o n k U d a y in . A n d th u s , m o n k s, sh o u ld h e b e r e h a b ilita te d : T h a t m o n k U d a y in , h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d th e O rd er, . . . sh o u ld sp e a k th u s t o it : * I , h o n o u re d sirs, fe ll in to one offen ce, . . . co n cea le d fo r h a lf a m o n th . S o I . . . B u t I, h o n o u re d sirs, h a v in g p e rfo rm e d m dnatt'i d isc ip lin e , a s k th e O rd e r fo r re h a b ili ta tio n . . . ' A n d a seco n d tim e . . . A n d a th ird tim e it sh o u ld b e a s k e d fo r . . . T h e O rd e r sh o u ld b e in fo rm e d . . . . . . A n d a th ir d tim e I sp e a k fo rth th is m a tte r . . . T h e

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m o n k U d a y in is r e h a b ilita te d b y th e O rd e r. I t is p le a sin g . . . T h u s d o I u n d e rs ta n d th is / || I || 19 [| C o n c lu d e d (are th e p ro c e e d in g s c o n n e c te d w ith ) I n te n tio n a l E m issio n . N o w a t th a t tim e a c e r ta in m o n k c a m e to h a v e fa lle n in to s e v e r a l o ffen ces e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e tin g o f th e O rd e r : o n e o ffen ce w a s c o n c e a le d fo r one d a y , one o ffen ce w a s co n c e a le d fo r tw o d a y s . . . th re e . . . fo u r . . . fiv e . . * s ix . . . se v e n . . . e ig h t . . . n in e d a y s , o n e o ffe n ce w a s c o n c e a le d fo r te n d a y s. H e a n n o u n c e d to m o n k s : I , y o u r re v e re n c e s, fe ll in to se v e ra l o ffen ces e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e tin g o f th e O rd e r ; one o ffen ce w a s c o n c e a le d fo r o n e d a y . . * one o ffe n ce w a s c o n c e a le d fo r te n d a y s . W h a t lin e o f c o n d u c t sh o u ld b e fo llo w e d b y m e ? T h e y to ld th is m a tte r t o th e L o rd . H e s a id : W e ll th e n , m o n k s, le t th e O rd e r g r a n t th is m o n k c o n c u rre n t p ro b a tio n , its d u ra tio n d e p e n d in g 1 o n w h ic h e v e r w a s th e o ffen ce a m o n g th e s e o ffen ces th a t w a s c o n c e a le d fo r te n d a y s . || i || " A n d th u s , m o n k s, sh o u ld it b e g r a n te d : T h a t m o n k , h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d th e O rd e r . . . sh o u ld sp e a k th u s to it : ' I , re v e re d sirs, h a v e fa lle n in to s e v e r a l o ffen ces e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e tin g o f th e O rd e r ; ' . . . one o ffe n ce w a s co n cea le d fo r te n d a y s. S o I , h o n o u re d sirs, a s k th e O rd e r fo r c o n c u rre n t p ro b a tio n , its d u r a tio n d e p e n d in g on w h ic h e v e r w a s th e o ffen ce a m o n g th e se o ffe n ces t h a t w a s c o n c e a le d fo r te n d a y s / A n d a se co n d tim e it sh o u ld b e a sk e d fo r . . . A n d a th ir d tim e it sh o u ld b e a s k e d fo r . . . T h e O rd e r sh o u ld b e in fo rm e d b y an e x p e rie n c e d , c o m p e te n t m o n k , s a y i n g : * H o n o u re d sirs, le t th e O rd e r lis te n to m e. T h is m o n k S o -a n d -so fe ll in to se v e ra l offen ces e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e tin g o f th e O rd e r ; [51] o n e w a s c o n c e a le d fo r . . . te n d a y s . H e is a s k in g th e O rd e r fo r c o n c u rre n t p ro b a tio n , its d u ra tio n d e p e n d in g o n w h ic h e v e r w as th e o ffen ce a m o n g th e s e o ffe n ces th a t w a s c o n c e a le d fo r te n d a y s . I f it seem s r ig h t to th e O rd er, th e O rd e r sh o u ld g ra n t th e m o n k S o -a n d -so c o n c u rre n t p r o b a tio n . . . fo r te n d a y s .
1 tassd agghenat l i t . a c c o r d in g t o t h e v a l u e o r w o r t h , i.e . o f t h e p r o b a t i o n a r y p e r io d n e c e s s it a t e d b y t h e n u m b e r o f d a y s t h e o ffe n c e w a s c o n c e a le d . H e r e p r o b a t io n h a d t o b e -u n d e rg o n e f o r t e n d a y s , s in c e t h i s w a s t h e g r e a t e s t n u m b e r o f d a y s f o r w h i c h o n e o f t h e o ffe n c e s h a d b e e n c o n c e a le d . VA. 1 1 8 2 s a y s t h e r e a r e t h r e e k in d s o f c o n c u r r e n t p r o b a t i o n : odhdna, aggha, a n d missafca, a ll o f w h ic h i t e x p la in s .

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T h is is th e m o tio n . . . . C o n c u rre n t p r o b a tio n is b e in g g ra n te d b y th e O rd e r to th e m o n k S o -a n d -so , its d u ra tio n d e p e n d in g on w h ic h e v e r w a s th e o ffen ce a m o n g th e s e o ffe n ces t h a t w a s c o n cea le d fo r te n d a y s . I t is p le a sin g . . . T h u s d o I u n d e r s ta n d th is / || 2 |! 20 ii N o w a t th a t tim e a c e rta in m o n k h a d fa lle n in to s e v e ra l o ffen ces e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e tin g o f th e O rd e r ; one o ffen ce w a s co n c e a le d fo r o n e d a y , tw o o ffen ces w e re c o n c e a le d fo r tw o d a y s, th re e o ffen ces w ere c o n c e a le d fo r th re e d a y s , fo u r . . . fo r fo u r d a y s , fiv e . . . fo r fiv e d a y s . . . s ix fo r s ix d a y s . . . se v e n fo r se v e n d a y s, e ig h t . . . fo r e ig h t d a y s , n in e . . . fo r n ine d a y s , te n offen ces w ere co n c e a le d fo r te n d a y s . He a n n o u n ce d to m o n k s, s a y in g : I , y o u r re v e ren ce s, h a v e fa lle n in to se v e ra l o ffen ces e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e tin g o f th e O rd e r ; one o ffen ce w a s co n c e a le d fo r one d a y . . . te n o ffen ces w ere c o n c e a le d fo r te n d a y s . N o w , \yhat lin e o f c o n d u c t sh o u ld be fo llo w e d b y m e ? T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : W e ll th e n , m o n k s, le t th e O rd e r g r a n t th is m o n k c o n c u rre n t p ro b a tio n , its d u ra tio n d e p e n d in g on w h ic h e v e r w ere th e o ffen ces a m o n g th e se o ffen ces t h a t w ere e a c h c o n c e a le d th e lo n g e s t .1 A n d th u s , m o n k s, sh o u ld it be g r a n te d : T h a t m o n k , h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d th e O rd er . . . sh o u ld s p e a k th u s t o it : ' I, h o n o u re d sirs, h a v e fa lle n in to s e v e r a l o ffen ces e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e tin g o f th e O rd e r ; one o ffe n ce w a s c o n c e a le d fo r one d a y . . . te n o ffe n ces w e re c o n c e a le d fo r te n d a y s . T h e r e fo re I , h o n o u re d sirs, a s k th e O rd e r fo r c o n c u rre n t p ro b a tio n , its d u ra tio n d e p en d in g on w h ic h e v e r w ere th e o ffen ces a m o n g th ese o ffen ces t h a t w e re e a c h co n c e a le d th e lo n g e s t/ A n d a seco n d tim e it sh o u ld be a s k e d fo r . . . A n d a th ir d tim e it sh o u ld be a sk e d fo r . . . T h e O rd er sh o u ld b e in fo rm e d b y a n e x p e rie n ced , c o m p e te n t m o n k , s a y i n g : * . . . A n d a th ir d tim e I s p e a k fo r th th is m a tte r . . . C o n c u rre n t p r o b a tio n is g ra n te d b y th e O rd e r to th is m o n k , its d u ra tio n d e p e n d in g on w h ic h e v e r w e re th e o ffe n c e s a m o n g th e s e o ffen ces t h a t w ere e ach co n cea le d th e lo n g e st. I t is p le a s in g . . . T h u s d o I u n d e rsta n d th is / || 1 |[ 2 1 || [52]
1 s a b b a c ir a p a tic c h a n n d y o . or te n tim e s te n d a y s . T h i s lo o k s a s i f p r o b a t io n w o u ld h a v e t o l a s t

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N o w a t t h a t tim e a c e rta in m o n k fe ll in to tw o o ffen ces e n ta il in g a fo rm a l m e e tin g o f th e O rd e r ; t h e y w e re c o n c e a le d fo r tw o m o n th s. I t o c cu rre d t o h im : ** I h a v e fa lle n in to tw o o ffen ces e n ta ilin g a fo r m a l m e e tin g o f th e O rd e r ; t h e y w ere c o n c e a le d fo r tw o m o n th s. S u p p o se I w e re t o a s k th e O rd er fo r p ro b a tio n fo r tw o m o n th s fo r o n e o ffe n ce c o n c e a le d fo r tw o m o n th s ? H e a s k e d th e O rd e r fo r p ro b a tio n fo r tw o m o n th s fo r o n e o ffen ce c o n c e a le d fo r tw o m o n th s. T h e O rd er g r a n te d h im p r o b a tio n fo r tw o m o n th s fo r one o ffe n ce c o n ce a led fo r tw o m o n th s. W h ile h e w a s u n d e r p ro b a tio n a fe elin g o f sh a m e o v e rc a m e h im , a n d h e t h o u g h t : " I fe ll in to tw o o ffen ces e n ta ilin g a fo r m a l m e e tin g o f th e O rd e r ; t h e y w ere c o n c e a le d fo r tw o m o n th s. I t o c c u rre d t o m e : I h a v e fa lle n in to tw o o ffe n c e s . . . S u p p o se I w e re to a s k th e O rd e r fo r p ro b a tio n fo r tw o m o n th s fo r o n e o ffe n ce c o n c e a le d fo r tw o m o n th s ? I a sk e d th e O rd e r . . . T h e O rd e r g r a n te d m e p ro b a tio n fo r tw o m o n th s fo r o n e o ffe n ce c o n c e a le d fo r tw o m o n th s. W h ile I w a s u n d e r p ro b a tio n a fe elin g o f sh a m e o v e rc a m e m e. S u p p o se I w ere a lso t o a s k th e O rd e r fo r p r o b a tio n fo r tw o m o n th s fo r t h a t o th e r o ffe n ce c o n c e a le d fo r tw o m o n th s ? H e a n n o u n c e d to m o n k s : I , y o u r re v e re n c e s, fe ll in to tw o o ffen ces . . . " . . . S u p p o se I w e re a lso to a s k th e O rd er fo r p ro b a tio n fo r tw o m o n th s fo r t h a t o th e r o ffe n ce c o n c e a le d fo r tw o m o n th s ? * N o w , w h a t lin e o f c o n d u c t sh o u ld be fo llo w e d b y m e ? T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id . || 2 J | W e ll th e n , m o n k s, le t th e O rd e r g r a n t th is m o n k p ro b a tio n fo r tw o m o n th s on a c c o u n t a lso o f t h a t o th e r o ffe n ce co n c e a le d fo r tw o m o n th s. A n d th u s, m o n k s , sh o u ld it b e g r a n te d : T h a t m o n k , h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d th e O rd e r * . . sh o u ld s p e a k th u s to it : * I , h o n o u re d sirs, h a v e fa lle n in to tw o o ffe n ces e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e tin g o f th e O rd e r . . . ( = || 2 ||) . . . S u p p o se I w e re also to a s k th e O rd e r fo r p ro b a tio n fo r tw o m o n th s on a c c o u n t o f th a t o th e r o ffen ce c o n c e a le d fo r tw o m o n th s ? S o I , h o n o u re d sirs, a m a lso a s k in g th e O rd e r fo r p ro b a tio n fo r tw o m o n th s on a c c o u n t o f t h a t o th e r o ffe n c e c o n c e a le d fo r tw o m o n th s / [53] A n d a se co n d tim e it sh o u ld be a s k e d fo r . . . A n d a th ir d tim e it sh o u ld b e a s k e d fo r. || 3 || T h e O rd er sh o u ld be in fo rm e d b y a n e x p e rie n c e d , c o m p e te n t m o n k , s a y in g : * H o n o u re d sirs, le t th e O rd e r lis te n to

H iI I

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m e. T h is m o n k S o -a n d -so has fa lle n in to tw o o ffe n ces e n ta il in g a fo rm a l m e e tin g o f th e O rd er, c o n c e a le d fo r tw o m o n th s. I t o ccu rred to h im : . . . H e is also a s k in g th e O rd e r fo r p ro b a tio n fo r tw o m o n th s on a c c o u n t o f t h a t o th e r o ffen ce c o n cealed fo r tw o m o n th s. I f it seem s rig h t to th e O rd er, th e O rd e r m a y also g r a n t th e m o n k S o -a n d -so p r o b a tio n fo r tw o m o n th s on a c c o u n t o f th a t o th e r o ffen ce c o n c e a le d fo r tw o m o n th s. T h is is th e m o tio n . H o n o u re d sirs, le t th e O rd e r liste n to m e. T h is m o n k S o -a n d -so . . . A n d a th ird tim e I s p e a k fo r th th is m a tte r. P r o b a tio n is a lso b e in g g ra n te d th e m o n k S o -a n d -so b y th e O rd e r fo r tw o m o n th s o n a c c o u n t o f th is o th e r o ffen ce c o n cea le d fo r tw o m o n th s. I t is p le a s in g . . . T h u s d o I u n d e rsta n d th is .' W e ll th e n , m o n k s, t h a t m o n k sh o u ld d o p ro b a tio n fo r tw o m o n th s fro m th a t d a te .1 jj 4 || 22 jj " T h is is a ca se, m o n k s, w h e re a m o n k h a s fa lle n in to tw o offen ces e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e tin g of th e O rd er, c o n c e a le d fo r tw o m o n th s . . . (as above) . . . T h e O rd e r a lso g ra n te d h im p ro b a tio n fo r tw o m o n th s on a c c o u n t o f th a t o th e r o ffen ce co n cea led fo r tw o m o n th s. W e ll th e n , m o n k s, th a t m o n k sh ou ld d o p ro b a tio n fo r tw o m o n th s fro m th a t d a te . ]| x || " T h is is a ca se, m o n k s, w h ere a m o n k h a s fa lle n in to tw o offen ces e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e tin g o f th e O rd e r, c o n c e a le d fo r tw o m o n th s. H e k n o w s t h a t o n e is a n o ffe n ce, h e d o es n o t k n o w t h a t th e o th e r is an o ffen ce. H e a s k s th e O rd e r fo r p ro b a tio n fo r tw o m o n th s o n a c c o u n t o f t h a t o ffen ce, c o n c e a le d for tw o m o n th s, w h ic h h e k n o w s to be a n o ffen ce. T h e O rd er g ra n ts h im p ro b a tio n fo r tw o m o n th s a n a c c o u n t o f th a t o ffen ce co n cea led fo r tw o m o n th s. W h ile h e is u n d e r p r o b a tio n , he finds th a t th e o th e r is a lso an o ffen ce. I t o c c u rs to h im : * I h a v e fa lle n in to tw o o ffe n ces . . . I k n e w t h a t o n e w a s an offence, I d id n o t k n o w th a t th e o th e r w a s a n o ffen ce. S o I asked th e O rd e r fo r p r o b a tio n fo r tw o m o n th s o n a c c o u n t o f th a t o ffe n ce w h ic h I k n e w t o be a n o ffe n ce, c o n c e a le d fo r tw o m o n th s. T h e O rd e r g r a n te d m e p r o b a tio n fo r tw o m o n th s on a cco u n t o f t h a t offen ce, c o n c e a le d fo r tw o m o n th s. B u t w h ile I w a s u n d e r p ro b a tio n , I fo u n d th a t th e o th e r w a s a lso a n offence. S u p p o se I [54] w e re a lso to a s k th e O rd e r fo r p ro b a tio n fo r tw o m o n th s on a c c o u n t o f th is o th e r o ffe n c e , c o n c e a le d
1 ta d u p d d d y a .

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fo r tw o m o n th s ? * H e a sk s th e O r d e r fo r p r o b a tio n . * . T h e O rd er g r a n ts h im p r o b a tio n fo r tw o m o n th s on a c c o u n t o f th is o th e r o ffe n ce also , c o n c e a le d fo r tw o m o n th s. W e ll th e n , m o n k s, th is m o n k sh o u ld d o p ro b a tio n fo r tw o m o n th s fro m th a t d a te . |[ 2 || T h is is a c a se , m o n k s, w h e re a m o n k h a s fa lle n in to tw o o ffe n ces e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e tin g o f th e O rd er, c o n c e a le d fo r tw o m o n th s. H e re m em b ers o n e o ffe n ce, h e d o es n o t re m e m b e r th e o th e r offen ce. H e a s k s th e O rd e r fo r p r o b a tio n fo r tw o m o n th s o n a c c o u n t o f th a t o ffe n ce, c o n c e a le d fo r tw o m o n th s, w h ic h h e re m e m b e rs . . . ( = |j 2 ||. R ea d re m e m b e rs, re m e m b e red instead o f fin d s, fo u n d ) . . . fo r tw o m o n th s fro m th is d a te . || 3 || T h is is a ca se , m o n k s, w h e re a m o n k h a s fa lle n in to tw o o ffe n ces e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e tin g o f th e O rd er, c o n c e a le d fo r tw o m o n th s. H e is in n o d o u b t t h a t o n e is a n o ffen ce, h e is d o u b tfu l w h e th e r th e o th e r is a n offen ce. H e a s k s th e O rd e r fo r p ro b a tio n fo r tw o m o n th s on a c c o u n t o f th a t o ffe n ce a b o u t w h ic h h e is in n o d o u b t , . . ( = || 2 ||. Read is d o u b tfu l f o r d o es n o t k n o w ) . . . fo r tw o m o n th s fro m th is d a te . |] 4 || " T h is is a ca se , m o n k s, w h e re a m o n k h a s fa lle n in to tw o offen ces e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e tin g o f th e O rd er, c o n c e a le d fo r tw o m o n th s. O n e o ffen ce is k n o w in g ly c o n c e a le d , th e o th e r o ffen ce is u n k n o w in g ly c o n c e a le d . H e a s k s th e O rd e r fo r p ro b a tio n fo r tw o m o n th s on a c c o u n t o f th o se o ffe n ces co n c e a le d fo r t w o m o n th s. T h e O rd e r g r a n ts h im p r o b a tio n fo r tw o m o n th s o n a c c o u n t o f th o s e o ffe n ces c o n c e a le d fo r tw o m o n th s. W h ile h e is u n d e r p r o b a tio n , a c e rta in m o n k a rriv e s o n e w h o h a s h e a rd m u c h , to w h o m th e tr a d itio n h a d b e e n h a n d e d d o w n , e x p e r t in dham m a , e x p e r t in d isc ip lin e , e x p e r t in th e su m m a rie s, c le v e r, e x p e rie n c e d , w ise, co n scien tio u s, sc ru p u lo u s, d e siro u s o f tr a in in g . H e sp e a k s t h u s : W h a t, y o u r ' re ve ren ce s, h a s th is m o n k fa lle n i n t o ? W h y is th is m o n k d o in g p ro b a tio n ? * T h e y s p e a k th u s : * T h is m o n k , y o u r re v e re n c e , h a s fa lle n in to tw o o ffe n ces e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e tin g o f th e O rd er, c o n c e a le d fo r tw o m o n th s. O n e o ffen ce w a s k n o w in g ly c o n c e a le d , th e o th e r o ffe n ce w a s u n k n o w in g ly co n cea le d . H e a s k e d th e O rd e r fo r p ro b a tio n fo r tw o m o n th s on a c c o u n t o f th e se offen ces c o n c e a le d fo r tw o m o n th s. T h e O rd er g ra n te d h im p ro b a tio n fo r tw o m o n th s on a c c o u n t o f

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th ese o ffen ces, c o n c e a le d fo r tw o m o n th s. T h is m o n k , y o u r re ve ren ce , h a s fa lle n in to th e se, th is m o n k is u n d e r p ro b a tio n on a c co u n t o f th e s e / H e sp e a k s th u s : ' T h e g r a n tin g o f p ro b a tio n , y o u r re ve ren ce s, fo r t h a t o ffen ce w h ic h h e k n o w in g ly c o n c e a le d is le g a lly v a lid 1 ; b e c a u se it is le g a lly v a lid 3 it is e ffe c tiv e 3 ; b u t th e g ra n tin g o f p ro b a tio n , y o u r re ve ren ce s, fo r th a t o ffen ce w h ich h e u n k n o w in g ly c o n c e a le d is n o t le g a lly v a lid ; b e c a u se it is n o t le g a lly v a lid it is n o t e ffe c tiv e . For th is o ffen ce, y o u r re v e re n c e s, th e m o n k d e se rv e s m dnatta (d iscip lin e)/ || 5 || " T h is is a ca se , m o n k s, w h e re a m o n k fa lls in to tw o offen ces e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e tin g o f th e O rd er, c o n c e a le d fo r tw o m o n th s. O n e o ffe n ce is c o n c e a le d , h e re m e m b e rin g it, th e o th e r o ffen ce is c o n c e a le d , he n o t re m e m b e rin g it. . . , O n e o ffen ce is c o n c e a le d , h e b e in g n o t in d o u b t (a b o u t it), th e o th e r o ffen ce is co n c e a le d , he b e in g in d o u b t (a b o u t it) . F o r th is o ffen ce, y o u r re ve ren ce s, th is m o n k d e se rv e s m dnatta (d iscip lin e)/ [| 6 || 2 3 || [55] N o w a t th a t tim e a c e rta in m o n k h a d fa lle n in to tw o o ffen ces e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e tin g o f th e O rd er, co n c e a le d fo r tw o m o n th s. I t o c cu rre d to h im : " I h a v e fa lle n in to tw o offen ces . . . co n c e a le d fo r tw o m o n th s. S u p p o se t h a t I w e re to a s k th e O rd e r fo r p ro b a tio n fo r o n e m o n th on a c c o u n t o f th e tw o o ffen ces, c o n c e a le d fo r tw o m o n th s ? " H e a s k e d th e O rd e r . . . T h e O rd e r g r a n te d h im p ro b a tio n fo r o n e m o n th on a c c o u n t o f th e tw o o ffen ces, c o n c e a le d fo r tw o m o n th s. A s h e w a s u n d e r p r o b a tio n sh a m e o v e rc a m e h im , a n d h e th o u g h t ; " I h a v e fa lle n in to tw o o ffen ces e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e tin g o f th e O rd er, co n c e a le d fo r tw o m o n th s. I t o c cu rre d to m e : . . . I a sk e d th e O rd e r fo r p ro b a tio n fo r o n e m o n th . . . T h e O rd e r g r a n te d m e p ro b a tio n fo r o n e m o n th on a c c o u n t o f th e tw o offen ces c o n c e a le d fo r tw o m o n th s. A s I w a s u n d e r p ro b a tio n sh a m e o v e rc a m e m e. W h a t n o w , i f I sh o u ld a lso a sk th e O rd e r fo r p ro b a tio n fo r a fu rth e r m o n th on a c c o u n t o f th e tw o offen ces co n c e a le d fo r tw o m o n th s ? || x ||
1 dhammikam. * dhammattd. * rUhati. A s a t C V . I I I . 25, 3 ; 27, e t c . C f . Vin+ ii. 203 a n d M V , V I . 14. 5 . Ruhati m e a n s s o m e t h in g lik e i t c o u n t s **.

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H e a n n o u n ce d to m o n k s : " I , y o u r re v e re n c e s, h a v e fa lle n in to tw o offen ces e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e tin g o f th e O rd e r, c o n c e a le d fo r tw o m o n th s . . . I t o c cu rre d to m e : . . . W h a t n o w if I sh o u ld a lso a s k th e O rd e r fo r p ro b a tio n fo r a fu r th e r m o n th on a c c o u n t o f th e tw o o ffe n ces c o n c e a le d fo r tw o m o n th s ? N o w , w h a t lin e o f c o n d u c t sh o u ld b e fo llo w e d b y m e ? T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . || 2 || H e sa id : " W e ll th e n , m o n k s, le t th e O rd e r a lso g r a n t th is m o n k p ro b a tio n fo r a fu r th e r m o n th on a c c o u n t o f th e s e tw o offen ces c o n c e a le d fo r tw o m o n th s. A n d th u s , m o n k s, sh o u ld it b e a sk e d fo r : T h a t m o n k , h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d th e O rd e r . . . sh o u ld s p e a k th u s to it : I, h o n o u re d sirs, h a v e fa lle n in to tw o o ffen ces . , . W h a t n o w if I sh o u ld also a s k th e O rd e r fo r p ro b a tio n fo r a fu r th e r m o n th on a c c o u n t o f th e tw o o ffen ces, co n c e a le d fo r tw o m o n th s ? S o I, h o n o u re d sirs, a m a lso a sk in g th e O rd e r fo r p r o b a tio n fo r a fu r th e r m o n th o n a c c o u n t o f th e tw o o ffen ces c o n c e a le d fo r tw o m o n th s / [ 56] A n d a seco n d tim e . . . A n d a th ir d tim e it sh o u ld b e a s k e d for* T h e O rd e r sh o u ld b e in fo rm e d b y a n e x p e rie n c e d , c o m p e te n t m o n k , s a y in g : * H o n o u re d sirs, le t th e O rd e r liste n to m e. T h is m o n k S o -a n d -so fe ll in to tw o o ffe n ces e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e tin g o f th e O rd e r, c o n c e a le d fo r tw o m o n th s. I t o c cu rre d to h im : ' . . . S u p p o se I w e re a lso to a s k th e O rd e r fo r p ro b a tio n fo r a fu rth e r m o n th on a c c o u n t o f th e tw o o ffen ces, c o n c e a le d fo r tw o m o n th s ? ' H e is a s k in g . . I f it seem s r ig h t to th e O rd er, th e O rd e r . . . I f th e g iv in g o f p ro b a tio n to th e m o n k So -a n d -so fo r a fu r th e r m o n th a lso o n a c c o u n t o f th e tw o o ffe n ces co n c e a le d fo r tw o m o n th s is p le a s in g to th e v e n e ra b le ones . . . A n d a th ird tim e I s p e a k fo r th th is m a tte r . . . P r o b a tio n is g r a n te d b y th e O rd e r to th e m o n k S o -a n d -so fo r a fu rth e r m o n th also on a c c o u n t o f th e tw o o ffen ces, co n cea le d fo r tw o m o n th s. I t is p le a s in g . . . T h u s d o I u n d e rsta n d th is / M o n k s, t h a t m o n k sh o id d d o p ro b a tio n fo r tw o m o n th s fro m th e e a rlie r d a te . || 3 || 24 |j T h is is a ca se , m o n k s, w h e re a m o n k fa lls in to tw o e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e tin g o f th e O rd er, c o n c e a le d m o n th s. I t o ccu rs to h im : * I h a v e fa lle n in to tw o . . . co n c e a le d fo r tw o m o n th s. S u p p o se I w ere t o O rd e r fo r p ro b a tio n fo r one m o n th on a c c o u n t o f o ffen ces fo r tw o o ffe n ces a s k th e th e tw o

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offen ces co n cea le d fo r tw o m o n th s ? ' . . . ( |j 2 4 || i ||) . . . T h e O rd e r also g ra n ts h im p ro b a tio n fo r a fu rth e r m o n th on a c c o u n t o f th e tw o offences, c o n c e a le d fo r tw o m o n th s. M onks, th a t m o n k sh o u ld d o p ro b a tio n fo r tw o m o n th s fro m th e e a rlie r d a te . I! x M T h is is a case, m o n k s, w h ere a m o n k fa lls in to tw o o ffen ces e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e tin g o f th e O rd er, co n c e a le d fo r tw o m o n th s. H e k n o w s th e o n e m o n th , h e d o es n o t k n o w th e o th e r m o n th . . . h e re m em b ers th e o n e m o n th , h e d o es n o t re m e m b e r th e o th e r m o n th . . . h e is n o t d o u b tfu l a b o u t th e one m o n th , he is d o u b tfu l a b o u t th e o th e r m o n th . H e a sk s th e O rd e r fo r p r o b a tio n fo r t h a t m o n th on a c c o u n t o f th e tw o offences, co n c e a le d fo r tw o m o n th s, a b o u t w h ic h h e is n o t d o u b tfu l. T h e O rd e r g r a n ts h im p ro b a tio n . . . n o t d o u b tfu l. A s h e is d o in g p r o b a tio n h e co m es to b e d o u b tfu l a b o u t th e fu rth e r m o n th also . I t o ccu rs to h im : ' I h a v e fa lle n in to tw o o ffen ces . . . c o n c e a le d fo r tw o m o n th s. I w a s n o t d o u b tfu l a b o u t th e o n e m o n th , [57] I w a s d o u b tfu l a b o u t th e o th e r m o n th . . . S u p p o se I w ere t o a s k th e O rd e r fo r p ro b a tio n fo r a fu r th e r m o n th a lso on a c c o u n t o f th e tw o o ffe n ces co n c e a led fo r tw o m o n th s ? ' H e a s k s th e O rd e r . . . < T h e O rd e r g ra n ts h im p ro b a tio n fo r a fu r th e r m o n th also on a c c o u n t o f th e tw o offen ces, co n cea le d fo r tw o m o n th s. M o n k s, th a t m o n k sh o u ld d o p r o b a tio n fo r tw o m o n th s fro m th e e a rlie r d a te . || 2 j| T h is is a case, m o n k s, w h e re a m o n k fa lls in to tw o offen ces e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e tin g o f th e O rd e r, c o n c e a le d fo r tw o m onths* O n e m o n th is k n o w in g ly co n c e a le d , th e o th e r m o n th is u n k n o w in g ly co n c e a le d . . . O n e m o n th is c o n cea le d , he re m em b erin g it, th e o th e r m o n th is c o n c e a le d , h e n o t re m em b er in g it * . . O n e m o n th is c o n cea le d , h e b e in g n o t in d o u b t (a b o u t it), th e o th e r m o n th is c o n cea le d , h e b e in g in d o u b t a b o u t it. H e a sk s th e O rd e r fo r p r o b a tio n fo r tw o m o n th s on a c co u n t o f th e tw o o ffen ces co n c e a le d fo r tw o m o n th s. T h e O rd e r g ra n ts h im p ro b a tio n fo r tw o m o n th s . . . c o n c e a le d fo r tw o m o n th s. A s he is u n d e r p ro b a tio n , a n o th e r m o n k a r riv e s 1 o n e w h o h a s h e a rd m u c h . . . d esiro u s o f train in g* He sp ea k s th u s : ' In to w h a t, y o u r re v e re n c e s, h a s th is m o n k fa lle n ? W h y is th is m o n k u n d e r p ro b a tio n ? ' T h e y s p e a k
A s in C V . I I I . 23. 5.

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th u s : ' T h is m o n k , y o u r re v e re n c e , h a s fa lle n in to tw o o ffen ces e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e tin g o f th e O rd e r, c o n c e a le d fo r tw o m o n th s. H e c o n c e a le d one m o n th (a lth o u g h ) he w a s n o t d o u b tfu l (a b o u t it), h e c o n c e a le d th e o th e r m o n th (because) he w a s d o u b tfu l (a b o u t it). H e a s k e d th e O rd e r fo r p ro b a tio n . . . T h e O rd e r g r a n te d h im p r o b a tio n fo r tw o m o n th s on a c c o u n t o f th e tw o offen ces, c o n c e a le d fo r tw o m o n th s. T h is m o n k , y o u r re v e re n c e , h a s fa lle n in to th e se, th is m o n k is d o in g p ro b a tio n on a c c o u n t o f th e s e .' H e s p e a k s th u s : ' T h e g r a n t in g o f p ro b a tio n , y o u r re v e re n c e s, fo r t h a t m o n th w h ic h he c o n c e a le d (alth o u g h ) he w a s n o t d o u b tfu l (a b o u t it) is le g a lly v a lid ; b e c a u s e it is le g a lly v a lid , i t is e ffe c tiv e ; b u t th e g r a n t in g o f p ro b a tio n , y o u r re v e re n c e s, fo r t h a t m o n th w h ic h he co n c e a le d b e ca u se h e w a s d o u b tfu l (a b o u t it) is n o t le g a lly v a lid ; b e c a u se it is n o t le g a lly v a lid , it is n o t e ffe c tiv e . F o r t h a t m o n th , y o u r re ve ren ce s, t h a t m o n k d e se rv e s mdnatta d is c ip lin e / j| 3 || 25 || N o w a t t h a t tim e a c e rta in m o n k c a m e to h a v e fa lle n in to s e v e ra l o ffen ces e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e tin g o f th e O rd e r ; he d id n o t k n o w a b o u t th e e x p ira tio n o f th e o ffen ces, h e d id n o t k n o w a b o u t th e e x p ira tio n o f th e n ig h ts1 . . . H e d id n o t re m em b er . . . H e w a s d o u b tfu l a b o u t th e e x p ira tio n o f th e o ffen ces, h e w a s d o u b tfu l a b o u t th e e x p ira tio n o f th e n ig h ts. H e a n n o u n c e d to m o n k s : " I , y o u r re v e re n c e s, fe ll in to se v e ra l o ffen ces e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e tin g o f th e O rd er. [58] I d o n o t k n o w a b o u t th e e x p ira tio n o f th e o ffen ces, I d o n o t k n o w a b o u t
1 dpattipariyanta . . . rattipariyanta. Pariyanta m e a n s l i t . lim it , e n d , b o u n d a r y , l i m it a t io n . O n t h e u s e o f t h e s e w o r d s h e r e B u . le a d s u s t o s u p p o s e t h a t a m o n k m ig h t b e in a s t a t e o f p u r if ic a t io n in r e g a r d t o v a r io u s o ffe n c e s t h a t h e h a d c o m m it t e d b e c a u s e h e h a d u n d e r g o n e a d e q u a t e p r o b a t io n . T h i s m i g h t l a s t fo r a d a y , a h a lf - m o n t h , a m o n t h o r a y e a r . H e s h o u ld t h e n c o n s id e r f o r h o w m a n y m o n t h s h e s t i l l h a s t o d o p r o b a t i o n s o a s t o s e c u r e h is p u r if ic a t io n , t h a t is , t h e r e m o v a l o f t h e o f fe n c e . A s o ffe n c e s a r e r e m o v e d , t h e a m o u n t o f t i m e s t ill t o b e s p e n t o n p r o b a t i o n a u t o m a t i c a l l y b e c o m e s le ss. M o r e o v e r , w h o e v e r d o e s n o t k n o w o r r e m e m b e r o r is in d o u b t a s t o t h e e x p i r a t i o n o f t h e n i g h t s s h o u ld , i f h e h a s u n d e r t a k e n t o d o p r o b a t io n , c o u n t t h e n ig h t s f r o m t h a t d a y b a c k t o t h e d a y o f h i s o r d in a t io n , a n d t h e n d o p r o b a t i o n f o r t h i s n u m b e r o f n i g h t s . I n thii> w a y , i t a p p e a r s , h e w o u ld b e q u it e c e r t a i n o f d o in g p r o b a t i o n f o r a ll t h e p o s s ib le n i g h t s w h ic h m i g h t b e n e c e s s a r y f o r t h e r e m o v a l o f t h e o f fe n c e . S e e dpattipariyanta a n d kulapariyanta ('* lim it e d t o f a m ilie s ) a t Vin . i v . 31 (B .D . ii. 2 2 0 ), w h e r e d e fin e d ; a n d bhesajjapariyanta ( li m it e d t o m e d ic in e s ) a n d rattipariyanta a t Vin. i v . 103 (jB .D . ii. 3 7 1 ) . S e e a ls o a b o v e , C V . I I . 1. 2 , w h e r e pariyanta s e e m s u s e d in a d i f f e r e n t s e n s e .

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th e e x p ira tio n o f th e n ig h ts . . . I a m d o u b tfu l a b o u t th e e x p ira tio n o f th e n ig h ts. N o w , w h a t lin e o f c o n d u c t sh o u ld be fo llo w e d b y m e ? T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : W e ll th e n , m o n k s, le t th e O rd e r g r a n t th e p u r ify in g p ro b a tio n 1 to th is m o n k on a c c o u n t o f th o se o ffen ces. || I |j A n d th u s, m o n k s, sh o u ld it b e g ra n te d : T h a t m o n k , h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d th e O rd e r . . . sh o u ld s p e a k th u s t o it : " I , h o n o u red sirs, h a v e fa lle n in to s e v e ra l offen ces e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e tin g o f th e O rd er. I d o n o t k n o w a b o u t th e e x p ir a tion o f th e o ffen ces . . . I a m d o u b tfu l a b o u t th e e x p ira tio n o f th e n ig h ts . S o I , h o n o u red sirs, a m a s k in g th e O rd e r fo r th e p u r ify in g p ro b a tio n on a c c o u n t o f th e se o ffe n ces/ A n d a seco n d tim e . , . A n d a th ird tim e it sh o u ld b e a sk e d fo r. T h e O rd e r sh o u ld b e in fo rm e d b y an e x p e rie n c e d , c o m p e te n t m o n k , s a y in g : ' H o n o u re d sirs, le t th e O rd e r liste n to m e. T h is m o n k S o -a n d -so h a s fa lle n in to s e v e r a l o ffen ces . . . he is d o u b tfu l a b o u t th e e x p ira tio n o f th e n ig h ts. H e is a sk in g th e O rd e r fo r th e p u r ify in g p ro b a tio n on a c c o u n t o f th o se o ffen ces. I f i t seem s rig h t to th e O rd er, th e O rd e r m a y g ra n t th e m o n k S o -a n d -so th e p u r ify in g p r o b a tio n on a c c o u n t o f th o se o ffen ces. T h is is th e m o tio n . H o n o u re d sirs, le t th e O rd e r liste n to m e . T h is m o n k S o -a n d -so . . . T h e O rd e r is g ra n tin g th e m o n k S o -a n d -so th e p u r ify in g p r o b a tio n on a c co u n t o f th o se o ffen ces. I f th e g r a n tin g to th e m o n k S o -a n d so o f th e p u r ify in g p ro b a tio n o n a c c o u n t o f th o se o ffen ces is p le a sin g to th e v e n e ra b le ones, t h e y sh o u ld be sile n t ; h e to w h o m it is n o t p le a sin g sh o u ld sp e a k ; A n d a se co n d tim e . . . A n d a th ir d tim e I s p e a k fo r th th is m a tte r . . . T h e p u r ify in g p ro b a tio n is g ra n te d b y th e O rd e r to th e m o n k Soa n d -so on a c c o u n t o f th o se o ffen ces. I t is p le a sin g . . . T h u s d o I u n d e rsta n d th is / || 2 j[ T h u s , m o n k s, sh o u ld th e p u r ify in g p r o b a tio n b e g r a n te d , th u s sh o u ld p ro b a tio n b e g ra n te d . A n d h o w , m o n k s, sh o u ld th e p u r ify in g p ro b a tio n be g r a n te d ? I f h e d o es n o t k n o w a b o u t th e e x p ira tio n o f th e o ffen ces, if h e d o es n o t k n o w a b o u t th e e x p ira tio n o f th e n ig h ts , i f h e d o es n o t re m e m b e r a b o u t th e e x p ira tio n o f th e offen ces, i f h e d o es n o t re m e m b e r a b o u t th e
1 su d d h a n la p a r iv d s a .

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e x p ira tio n o f th e n ig h ts, if h e is d o u b tfu l a b o u t th e e x p ira tio n o f th e o ffen ces, if h e is d o u b tfu l a b o u t th e e x p ira tio n o f th e n ig h ts, th e p u r ify in g p ro b a tio n m a y b e g ra n te d . " I f h e k n o w s a b o u t th e e x p ira tio n o f th e o ffen ces, if h e d o es n o t k n o w a b o u t th e e x p ira tio n o f th e n ig h ts, i f h e re m em b ers a b o u t th e e x p ira tio n o f th e o ffen ces, if h e d o es n o t re m em b er a b o u t th e e x p ira tio n o f n ig h ts, if h e is n o t in d o u b t as to th e e x p ira tio n o f th e o ffen ces, if he is in d o u b t as to th e e x p ira tio n o f th e n ig h ts, th e p u r ify in g p r o b a tio n m a y b e g ra n te d . I f he k n o w s th e e x p ira tio n o f th e o ffe n ces in som e ca ses, if he d o es n o t k n o w it in o th e rs, if h e d o es n o t k n o w th e e x p ir a tio n o f th e n ig h ts , i f h e re m e m b e rs th e e x p ira tio n o f th e o ffen ces in so m e c a se s, if h e d o es n o t re m e m b e r it in o th e rs, if h e does n o t re m em b er th e e x p ira tio n o f th e n ig h ts, if he is in d o u b t a s to th e e x p ira tio n o f th e o ffe n ces in som e ca ses, if he is in n o d o u b t a s to it in o th e rs, if h e is in d o u b t as to th e e x p ira tio n o f th e n ig h ts , th e p u r ify in g p ro b a tio n m a y be g ra n te d . I f h e d o es n o t k n o w th e e x p ir a tio n o f th e o ffen ces, if he k n o w s th e e x p ir a tio n o f th e n ig h ts in so m e c a se s, if he d o es n o t k n o w it in o th e rs, i f he d o es n o t re m e m b e r th e e x p ira tio n o f th e o ffen ces, if h e re m e m b e rs th e e x p ir a tio n o f th e n ig h ts in som e ca ses, if he d o es n o t re m e m b e r it in o th e rs, if h e is in d o u b t a s t o th e e x p ir a tio n o f th e o ffe n ces, if in so m e ca se s h e is in d o u b t a s to th e e x p ira tio n o f th e n ig h ts, if h e is n o t in d o u b t in o th e rs, [59] th e p u r ify in g p ro b a tio n m a y be g ra n te d . I f h e k n o w s th e e x p ir a tio n o f th e o ffe n ces, if he k n o w s th e e x p ir a tio n o f th e n ig h ts in so m e c a se s, if h e d o es n o t k n o w it in o th e rs, if he re m e m b e rs th e e x p ir a tio n o f th e o ffen ces, if he re m em b ers th e e x p ira tio n o f th e n ig h ts in so m e ca ses, if he does n o t re m e m b e r i t in o th e rs, if h e is n o t in d o u b t a s to th e e x p ira tio n o f th e o ffen ces, if h e is in d o u b t in so m e ca se s as to th e e x p ir a tio n o f th e n ig h ts , if h e is n o t in d o u b t in o th ers, th e p u r ify in g p r o b a tio n m a y b e g r a n te d . " I f h e k n o w s th e e x p ir a tio n o f th e o ffe n ces in so m e ca ses, if h e d o es n o t k n o w it in o th e rs, i f h e k n o w s th e e x p ira tio n o f th e n ig h ts in so m e c a se s, i f h e d o e s n o t k n o w it in o th e rs, if b e re m em b ers th e e x p ir a tio n o f th e o ffe n ces in so m e ca ses, if he d o es n o t re m e m b e r it in o th e rs, if h e re m e m b e rs th e e x p ira tio n o f th e n ig h ts in so m e ca ses, i f h e d o es n o t re m e m b e r it in o th e rs,

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if he is in d o u b t a s to so m e offen ces, if h e is n ot in d o u b t a s to o th ers, i f h e is in d o u b t as to so m e n ig h ts, if he is n o t in d o u b t a s to o th ers, th e p u r ify in g p ro b a tio n m a y b e g ra n te d . || 3 ]| " A n d h o w , m o n k s m a y p ro b a tio n b e g ra n te d ? I f he k n o w s th e e x p ira tio n o f th e offen ces, i f he k n o w s th e e x p ira tio n o f th e n ig h ts, i f h e re m em b ers th e e x p ira tio n o f th e o ffen ces, if h e re m em b ers th e e x p ira tio n o f th e n ig h ts, if h e is n o t in d o u b t a s to th e e x p ira tio n o f th e offen ces, i f h e is n o t in d o u b t a s to th e e x p ira tio n o f th e n ig h ts, p ro b a tio n m a y b e g ra n te d . I f h e d o es n o t k n o w th e e x p ira tio n o f th e offen ces, i f he k n o w s th e e x p ira tio n o f th e n ig h ts, i f h e d o es n o t re m em b er th e e x p ir a tio n o f th e o ffen ces, if h e re m em b ers th e e x p ira tio n o f th e n ig h ts, i f he is in d o u b t a s to th e e x p ira tio n o f th e o ffen ces, if h e is n o t in d o u b t a s t o th e e x p ira tio n o f th e n ig h ts , p ro b a tio n m a y b e g ra n te d . 0 I f h e k n o w s th e e x p ira tio n o f th e o ffen ces in so m e cases, i f h e d o es n o t k n o w it in o th e rs, if h e k n o w s th e e x p ira tio n o f th e n ig h ts , if he re m e m b e rs th e e x p ira tio n o f th e offen ces in som e ca ses, if h e d o es n o t re m em b er it in o th e rs, if he re m em b ers th e e x p ira tio n o f th e n ig h ts, i f h e is in d o u b t a s to th e e x p ira tio n o f th e o ffen ces in so m e ca ses, i f he is n o t in d o u b t in o th ers, if he is n o t in d o u b t a s t o th e e x p ira tio n o f th e n ig h ts, p ro b a tio n m a y b e g ra n te d . T h u s , m o n k s, m a y p ro b a tio n b e g r a n te d ." || 4 || 2 6 || T o ld is P ro b a tio n . N o w a t t h a t tim e a c e rta in m o n k , w h ile d o in g p ro b a tio n , le ft th e O rd er. H a v in g co m e b a c k a g a in , h e a sk e d th e m o n k s for o rd in a tio n . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : " T h is is a ca se , m o n k s, w h e re a m o n k , d o in g p ro b a tio n , le a v e s th e O rd er. M o n k s, th e p r o b a tio n o f o n e w h o le a v e s th e O rd e r is n o t e ffe c tiv e . I f he is o rd a in e d a g a in , th e e arlier g r a n t in g o f p ro b a tio n is ju s t a s it w a s fo r h im 1 : w h a te v e r p ro b a tio n is g r a n te d is p r o p e r ly g ra n te d , w h o e v e r d o es p ro b a tio n d o es p ro b a tio n th o ro u g h ly , he m u st d o p ro b a tio n (for a n y p o rtio n o f tim e) re m a in in g .
1 I .e . o n b e in g r e - o r d a in e d , h e is t o t a k e u p h is p e r io d o f p r o b a t i o n a g a i n w h e r e h e l e f t i t o ff, s o a s t o c o m p l e t e t h e n u m b e r o f n ig h t s f o r "w h ich p r o b a t io n w a s o r ig in a l ly g r a n t e d h im . P r o b a t i o n is ** n o t b r o k e n , a n o t h e r m e a n in g o f r u h a ti.

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" T h is is a c a s e , m o n k s, w h e re a m o n k , w h ile d o in g p ro b a tio n , b e co m e s a n o v ic e . M o n k s, th e p ro b a tio n o f a n o v ic e is n o t e ffe c tiv e - I f h e is o rd ain e d a g a in . - . (as in preceding p a ra graph ) . . . re m a in in g . " T h is is a ca se , m o n k s, w h e re a m o n k , w h ile d o in g p ro b a tio n , b e c o m e s m a d . M o n k s, th e p ro b a tio n o f o n e w h o is m a d is n o t e ffe c tiv e . I f h e b e co m e s sa n e a g a in , th e e a rlie r g r a n tin g o f p r o b a tio n is ju s t a s it w a s fo r h im : w h a te v e r p r o b a tio n is g r a n te d is p r o p e r ly g r a n te d , w h o e v e r d o e s p ro b a tio n d o es p ro b a tio n th o r o u g h ly , he m u s t d o p r o b a tio n (for a n y p o rtio n o f tim e) re m a in in g . " T h is is a ca se , m o n k s, w h e re a m o n k , w h ile d o in g p r o b a tio n , b e co m e s u n h in g e d in m in d . M o n k s, th e p ro b a tio n o f one w h o is u n h in g e d in m in d [ 60] is n o t e ffe c tiv e . I f h e b e co m es n o t u n h in g e d in m in d a g a in . - . T h is is a c a se , m o n k s, w h ere a m o n k , d o in g p ro b a tio n , b e co m e s a fflic te d b y p a in . M on ks, th e p r o b a tio n o f o n e a fflic te d b y p a in is n o t e ffe c tiv e . I f he b e c o m e s n o t a fflic te d b y p a in a g a in . . . h e m u st d o p ro b a tio n fo r (a n y p o rtio n o f tim e) re m a in in g . " T h is is a ca se , m o n k s, w h e re a m o n k , w h ile d o in g p ro b a tio n , is su sp e n d e d fo r n o t se e in g a n o ffen ce . . . fo r n o t m a k in g a m e n d s fo r a n o ffe n ce . . .fo r n o t g iv in g u p a w ro n g v ie w . M o n k s, th e p r o b a tio n o f o n e w h o is su sp e n d e d is n o t e ffe c tiv e . I f h e is re sto re d a g a in , th e e a rlie r g r a n tin g o f p ro b a tio n is ju s t a s it w a s fo r h im : w h a te v e r p ro b a tio n is g r a n te d is p r o p e r ly g r a n te d , w h o e v e r d o es p r o b a tio n d o es p ro b a tio n th o r o u g h ly , h e m u s t d o p ro b a tio n fo r (a n y p o rtio n o f tim e) re m a in in g , jj i |f " T h is is a c a se , m o n k s, w h e re a m o n k w h o d e se rv e s to be se n t b a c k t o th e b e g in n in g le a v e s th e O rd er. M o n k s, th e se n d in g b a c k to th e b e g in n in g is n o t e ffe c tiv e fo r o n e w h o le a v e s th e O rd e r. I f h e is o rd a in e d a g a in , th e e a rlie r g r a n tin g o f th e p r o b a tio n is ju s t a s it w a s fo r h im : w h a te v e r p ro b a tio n is g r a n te d is p r o p e r ly g r a n te d , t h a t m o n k m u s t be sen t b a c k to th e b e g in n in g . T h is is a c a se , m o n k s, w h e re a m o n k w h o d e se rv e s to be se n t b a c k t o th e b e g in n in g b e c o m e s a n o v ic e . . . b eco m es m a d . . . {as in || i ||) . . . i s su sp e n d e d fo r n o t g iv in g up a w ro n g v ie w . M o n k s, th e se n d in g b a c k t o th e b e g in n in g of o n e w h o is su sp e n d e d is n o t e ffe c tiv e . I f h e is re sto re d a g a in , th e e a rlie r g r a n tin g o f th e p r o b a tio n is ju s t a s it w a s fo r h im :

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w h a te v e r p ro b a tio n is g ra n te d is p r o p e r ly g ra n te d , t h a t m o n k m u st b e se n t b a c k to th e b e g in n in g . [| 2 |{ '* T h is is a case, m o n k s, w h e re a m o n k w h o d e se rv e s manatta (disciplin e) le a v e s th e O rd er. M o n k s, th e im p o sin g o f m anatta (disciplin e) o n o n e w h o le a v e s th e O rd e r is n o t e ffe c tiv e . I f h e is o rd a in e d a g a in , th e e a rlie r g r a n tin g o f p ro b a tio n is ju s t as i i w a s fo r h im : w h a te v e r p r o b a tio n is g r a n te d is p ro p e rly "granted, w h o e v e r d o es p ro b a tio n d o es p ro b a tio n th o ro u g h ly , manatta (d iscip lin e) sh o u ld b e im p o se d on th a t m o n k. T h is is a case, m o n k s, w h e re a m o n k w h o d e se rv e s m anatta (discipline) b e co m e s a n o v ic e . . . b e co m e s m a d . . . is su s p e n d e d fo r n o t g iv in g u p a w ro n g v ie w . M o n k s, th e im p o sin g o f m anatta (disciplin e) on o n e w h o is su sp e n d e d is n o t e ffe c tiv e . I f he is re sto re d a g a in , th e e a rlie r g r a n tin g o f p ro b a tio n is ju s t a s it w a s fo r h im : w h a te v e r p ro b a tio n is g r a n te d is p ro p e r ly g ra n te d , w h o e v e r does p ro b a tio n d o es p ro b a tio n th o r o u g h ly , m anatta (d iscip lin e) sh o u ld be im p o se d o n th a t m o n k . |j 3 |j T h is is a c a se , m o n k s, w h e re a m o n k w h o is u n d e rg o in g manatta (disciplin e) le a v e s th e O rd e r . . . is su sp e n d e d fo r n o t g iv in g u p a w ro n g v ie w . M o n k s, th e u n d e rg o in g o f manatta (discipline) fo r o n e w h o is su sp e n d e d is n o t e ffe c tiv e . I f h e is re sto re d a g a in , th e e a rlie r g r a n tin g o f p ro b a tio n is ju s t as it w a s fo r h im : w h a te v e r p ro b a tio n is g r a n te d is p ro p e rly g ra n te d , w h o e v e r d o es p ro b a tio n d o es p ro b a tio n th o ro u g h ly , w h a te v e r manatta (d iscip lin e) is im p o se d is p ro p e rly im p o se d , w h a te v e r manatta (disciplin e) is u n d e rg o n e is u n d e rg o n e th o ro u g h ly , it m u st be u n d e rg o n e fo r (a n y p o rtio n o f tim e) rem a in in g . ||4 | ( T h is is a ca se , m o n k s, w h e re a m o n k w h o d e se rv e s re h a b ili ta tio n le a v e s th e O rd e r . . . is su sp e n d e d fo r n o t g iv in g u p a w ro n g v ie w . M o n k s, re h a b ilita tio n o f o n e w h o is su sp en d ed [61] is n o t e ffe c tiv e . I f he is re sto re d a g a in , th e e a rlie r g r a n t in g o f p ro b a tio n is ju s t as it w a s fo r h im : w h a te v e r p ro b a tio n is g r a n te d is p ro p e rly g ra n te d , w h o e v e r d o es p ro b a tio n does p ro b a tio n th o ro u g h ly , w h a te v e r m anatta (disciplin e) is im p o se d is p ro p e rly im p o sed , w h a te v e r manatta (d iscip lin e) is u n d e rg o n e is u n d e rg o n e th o ro u g h ly , t h a t m o n k m a y b e r e h a b ilita te d . || 5 || C o n c lu d e d are th e F o r t y C a s e s .1 || 2 7 ||
1 T h e r e a r e e ig h t p o s s ib ilit ie s ( le a v in g t h e O r d e r d o w n t o t h e t h r e e r e a s o n s f o r b e in g s u s p e n d e d ) u n d e r e a c h o f t h e f iv e h e a d in g s (d o in g p r o b a t io n , d e s e r v in g t o b e s e n t b a c k t o t h e b e g i n n in g , d e s e r v in g m a n a tta , u n d e r g o in g m a n a tta , d e s e r v in g r e h a b il it a t io n ) .

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T h is is a ca se , m o n k s, w h e re a m o n k , w h ile d o in g p ro b a tio n , fa lls in to s e v e r a l o ffen ces e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e tin g o f th e O rd er, th o se n o t c o n c e a le d n o t b e in g m a n y .1 T h a t m o n k sh o u ld be se n t b a c k to th e b e g in n in g . T h is is a case, m o n k s, w h ere a m o n k , w h ile d o in g p ro b a tio n , fa lls in to se v e ra l offen ces e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e tin g o f th e O rd er, th o se co n c e a le d n ot b e in g m a n y . T h a t m o n k sh o u ld b e se n t b a c k to th e b e g in n in g a n d c o n c u rre n t p ro b a tio n sh o u ld be g r a n te d h im on a c co u n t o f th e e a rlie st o ffen ce o f th e o ffe n c e s th u s c o n cea le d . " T h is is a case, m o n k s, w h e re a m o n k , w h ile d o in g p ro b a tio n , fa lls in to s e v e ra l o ffen ces e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e tin g o f th e O rd er, th o se c o n c e a le d a s w e ll a s th o s e n o t c o n c e a le d n o t b e in g m a n y . T h a t m o n k sh o u ld be se n t b a c k to th e b e g in n in g a n d c o n c u rre n t p ro b a tio n sh o u ld b e g ra n te d h im o n a c c o u n t o f th e e a rlie st o ffen ce o f th e o ffe n ces th u s c o n cea le d . " T h is is a ca se , m o n k s , w h e re a m o n k , w h ile d o in g p ro b a tio n , fa lls in to s e v e ra l o ffen ces e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e tin g o f th e O rd er, th o se n o t c o n c e a le d b e in g m a n y . . . . th o se c o n c e a le d b e in g m a n y . . . th o se c o n c e a le d a s w e ll as th o se n o t co n c e a le d b e in g m a n y . . . th o se n o t c o n c e a le d n o t b e in g m a n y a s w e ll a s b e in g m a n y . . . th o s e c o n c e a le d n o t b e in g m a n y a s w e ll a s b e in g m a n y . . . th o se c o n c e a le d as w e ll as th o se n o t c o n c e a le d n o t b e in g m a n y a s w e ll a s b e in g m a n y . T h a t m o n k sh o u ld be se n t b a c k to th e b e g in n in g a n d c o n c u rre n t p ro b a tio n sh o u ld be g r a n te d h im on a c c o u n t o f th e e a rlie st o ffe n ce o f th e o ffe n ces th u s c o n c e a le d . |[ i j| T h is is a ca se , m o n k s , w h e re a m o n k w h o d e se rv e s mdnatta (disciplin e) . . . w h o is u n d e rg o in g m dnatta (disciplin e) . . . w h o d e se rv e s re h a b ilita tio n m e a n tim e fa lls in to s e v e ra l o ffen ces e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e tin g o f th e O rd er, th o se n o t co n cea le d n o t b e in g m a n y . . . th o se c o n c e a le d a s w e ll a s th o se n o t c o n c e a led n o t b e in g m a n y a n d b e in g m a n y . T h a t m o n k sh o u ld b e se n t b a c k to th e b e g in n in g a n d c o n c u rre n t p ro b a tio n sh o u ld b e g r a n te d h im o n a c c o u n t o f th e e a rlie st o ffen ce o f th e o ffen ces th u s c o n c e a le d . |j 2 || C o n c lu d e d a re th e T h ir t y - s ix C ases. || 28 |) " T h is is a ca se , m o n k s, w h e re a m o n k , h a v in g fa lle n in to
1 parimazidt b u t t h e m e a n in g i s n o t a t a l l c le a r . S e e a ls o b e l o w : C V . I I I . 88.

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se v e ra l o ffen ces e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e tin g o f th e O rd er, le a v e s th e O rd er n ot h a v in g c o n c e a le d th e m . H e, b e in g o rd a in e d a g a in , d o es n o t c o n c e a l th o se offences. M o n k s, m dnatta (disci pline) sh o u ld b e im p o sed u p o n th a t m o n k . " T h is is a ca se , m o n k s, w h e re a m o n k , [62] h a v in g fa lle n in to se v e ra l o ffe n ces e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e tin g o f th e O rd er, le a v e s th e O rd er n o t h a v in g c o n c e a le d th e m . H e , on b e in g o rd a in e d a g ain , co n cea ls th o se offen ces. M on ks, mdnatta (disciplin e) sh o u ld b e im p o se d on th a t m o n k , h a v in g g ra n te d h im p ro b a tio n on a c c o u n t o f th e se t o f o ffen ces th u s la te r co n cea led . " T h is is a case, m o n k s, w h ere a m o n k , h a v in g fa lle n . . . le a v e s th e O rd er h a v in g c o n c e a le d th e m . H e , on b e in g o r d a in e d a g a in , d o es n o t c o n c e a l th o se o ffen ces. M o n k s, m dnatta (discipline) sh o u ld b e im p o sed on th a t m o n k , h a v in g g ra n te d h im p ro b a tio n on a c c o u n t o f th e s e t o f o ffen ces th u s e arlier co n cea led . T h is is a ca se, m o n k s, w h ere a m o n k , h a v in g fa lle n . . . le a v e s th e O rd er, h a v in g c o n c e a le d th e m . H e, on b e in g o r d a in e d a g a in , co n c e a ls th o se o ffen ces. M o n k s, m dnatta (d isci pline) sh o u ld be im p o sed on th a t m o n k , h a v in g g ra n te d him p ro b a tio n on a c c o u n t o f th e set o f o ffen ces th u s e a rlie r an d la te r co n c e a le d . || x l| T h is is a case, m o n k s, w h e re a m o n k fa lls in to s e v e ra l o ffen ces e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e tin g o f th e O rd e r. H is offen ces are b o th co n cea le d a n d n o t c o n cea le d . H e, h a v in g le ft th e O rd er, on b e in g o rd ain e d a g a in , d o es n o t a fte rw a r d s c o n c e a l th o se offen ces w h ic h fo rm e rly h e co n c e a le d , a fte rw a r d s h e c o n ceals th o se offen ces w h ich fo r m e r ly he d id n o t c o n c e a l. M o n k s, m dnatta (d iscip lin e) sh o u ld be im p o se d on th a t m o n k , h a v in g g ra n te d h im p ro b a tio n on a c c o u n t o f th e set o f o ffen ces th u s e a rlie r a n d la te r co n c e a le d . T h i* is a case, m o n k s, * . . on b e in g o rd a in e d a g a in , d o es n o t a fte rw a r d s c o n c e a l th o se o ffe n ces w h ic h fo rm e rly h e co n c e a led , d o es n o t 1 a fte rw a r d s c o n c e a l th o s e o ffe n ces w h ich fo rm e rly h e d id n o t c o n cea l. M o n k s, m dnatta (d iscip lin e) sh o u ld b e im p o sed on t h a t m o n k , h a v in g g ra n te d h im p ro b a tio n on a c co u n t o f th e se t o f offen ces th u s e a rlie r a n d la te r c o n cea le d .
1 S e e V i n . T e x t s ii. 4 2 3 , n , 2, o n t h e r i g h t w a y o f m a k i n g u p t h e h u n d r e d c a s e s m e n t i o n e d a t t h e e n d o f 80 .

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" T h is is a ca se , m o n k s, . . . o n b e in g o rd a in e d a g a in , a fte r w a rd s c o n c e a ls th o se o ffe n c e s w h ic h fo r m e r ly h e co n c e a le d , a fte r w a r d s c o n c e a ls th o s e o ffe n ces w h ic h fo r m e r ly he d id n o t c o n c e a l. M o n k s, m dnatta (d iscip lin e) sh o u ld b e im p o se d on t h a t m o n k on a c c o u n t o f th e se t o f o ffe n ces th u s e a rlie r a n d la te r c o n c e a le d . || 2 |j T h is is a ca se, m o n k s , w h e re a m o n k fa lls in to s e v e ra l o ffe n ces e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e tin g o f th e O rd er. H e k n o w s so m e t o be o ffe n ces, h e d o es n o t k n o w o th e rs to b e offen ces. T h e o ffe n ces w h ic h h e k n o w s to b e o ffe n ces h e c o n c e a ls, th o se o ffen ces [63] w h ic h h e d o es n o t k n o w to b e o ffe n ces h e d o es n o t c o n c e a l. H e , h a v in g le ft th e O rd e r, on b e in g o rd a in e d a g a in , c o n c e a ls th o s e o ffe n ces w h ic h e a rlie r h e h a d k n o w n , d o es n o t c o n c e a l th o se o ffe n ces w h ic h la te r he h a d k n o w n , d o e s n o t c o n c e a l th o se o ffe n ces w h ic h e a r lie r he h a d n o t k n o w n , d o es n o t c o n c e a l th o se o ffe n ces w h ic h la te r h e h a d k n o w n . M o n k s, m dnatta (d iscip lin e) sh o u ld b e im p o se d on th a t m o n k , h a v in g g r a n te d h im p ro b a tio n on a c c o u n t o f th e s e t o f o ffe n ces th u s e a rlie r c o n c e a le d . " T h is is a ca se, m o n k s , . . . on b e in g o rd a in e d a g a in , d o es n o t c o n c e a l th o se o ffen ces, (a lth o u g h ) k n o w in g th e m , w h ic h fo rm e rly , k n o w in g th e m h e c o n c e a le d , a fte rw a r d s co n c e a ls th o se offen ces, k n o w in g th e m , w h ic h fo r m e r ly , n o t k n o w in g th e m , h e d id n o t c o n c e a l. M o n k s, m dnatta (d iscip lin e) sh o u ld b e im p o se d o n t h a t m o n k , h a v in g g r a n te d h im p r o b a tio n on a c c o u n t o f th e s e t o f o ffe n ces th u s e a rlie r a n d la te r c o n c e a le d . T h is is a c a se , m o n k s, . . . o n b e in g o rd a in e d a g a in , a fte r w a r d s c o n c e a ls th o se o ffen ces, k n o w in g th e m , w h ic h fo r m e r ly , k n o w in g th e m h e c o n c e a le d , a fte r w a r d s d o es n o t c o n c e a l th o se o ffen ces, k n o w in g th e m , w h ic h fo r m e r ly h e d id n o t c o n c e a l, n o t k n o w in g th e m . M o n k s, m dnatta (d iscip lin e) sh o u ld b e im p o se d o n th is m o n k , h a v in g g r a n te d h im p ro b a tio n o n a c c o u n t o f th e se t o f o ffe n ces th u s e a rlie r a n d la t e r c o n c e a le d . T h is is a ca se , m o n k s . . . on b e in g o rd a in e d a g a in , a ft e r w a rd s c o n c e a ls th o se o ffen ces, k n o w in g th e m , w h ic h fo rm e rly , k n o w in g th e m , h e c o n c e a le d ; a fte r w a r d s c o n c e a ls th o se offen ces, k n o w in g th e m , w h ic h fo r m e r ly , n o t k n o w in g th e m , he d id n o t c o n c e a l. M o n k s, m dnatta (d iscip lin e) s h o u ld b e im p o se d on t h a t m o n k , h a v in g g r a n te d h im p r o b a tio n o n a c c o u n t o f th e set o f offen ces th u s e a rlie r a n d la te r c o n c e a le d . || 3 j[

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T h is is a case, m o n k s, w h ere a m o n k fa lls in to s e v e ra l o ffen ces e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e tin g o f th e O rd er. H e re m em bers so m e to b e o ffen ces . . . ( = || 3 fl- In stea d o f he k n o w s, k n o w in g , n o t k n o w in g , read h e re m em b ers, rem em b erin g , n o t rem em b erin g) . . . th u s e a rlie r a n d la te r co n c e a le d . (| 4 |j T h is is a ca se , m o n k s, w h ere a m o n k fa lls in to s e v e ra l o ffen ces e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e tin g o f th e O rd er. H e is in no d o u b t as to so m e o f th e o ffen ces, h e is in d o u b t a s to o th e rs o f th e o ffe n ces . . . th u s e a rlie r a n d la te r c o n c e a le d . |] 5 || 29 || " T h is is a c a se , m o n k s, w h e re a m o n k , h a v in g fa lle n in to se v e ra l offen ces e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e tin g o f th e O rd er, b e co m es a n o v ic e . . . b e co m e s m a d . . . b e co m e s u n h in g e d in m in d . . . th is sh o u ld b e e x p la in e d in d e ta il as b e lo w .1 H e co m es to be in p a in . H is o ffen ces a re c o n c e a le d as w e ll a s u n co n cea le d . H e k n o w s th a t so m e a re o ffen ces, he d o es n o t k n o w th a t o th e rs are offen ces. H e re m em b ers t h a t som e a re o ffen ces, [64] h e does n o t re m em b er t h a t o th e rs are o ffen ces. H e is in no d o u b t th a t so m e a re o ffen ces, h e is in d o u b t a s to w h e th e r o th ers are o ffen ces. H e co n c e a ls th o se o ffe n ces a b o u t w h ic h h e is in n o d o u b t, h e d o es n o t c o n c e a l th o se offen ces a b o u t w h ic h he is in d o u b t. H e co m es to b e in p a in . H a v in g co m e to b e a g a in n o t in p a in , th o se o ffen ces w h ic h fo r m e r ly h e c o n c e a led b e cau se h e w a s in n o d o u b t, h e a fte rw a rd s d o es n o t c o n cea l a lth o u g h h e is in no d o u b t ; th o se o ffe n ces w h ic h fo r m e rly h e d id n o t c o n cea l, b e in g in d o u b t, h e a fte rw a r d s does n o t co n cea l a lth o u g h h e is in d o u b t, th o se o ffen ces w h ic h fo r m e rly h e c o n cea le d , b e in g in n o d o u b t, h e a fte rw a r d s d o es n o t co n cea l, b e in g in n o d o u b t, th o se o ffe n c e s w h ic h fo r m e r ly he d id n o t c o n cea l, b e in g in d o u b t, he a fte r w a r d s c o n c e a ls , n o t b e in g in d o u b t, th o se o ffen ces w h ic h fo r m e r ly h e co n c e a le d , b ein g in no d o u b t, h e a fte rw a rd s co n ce a ls, b e in g in n o d o u b t, th o se o ffen ces w h ic h fo rm e rly h e d id n o t c o n cea l, b e in g in d o u b t, h e a fte rw a r d s d o es n o t c o n c e a l, b e in g in n o d o u b t, th o se offen ces w h ic h fo rm e rly h e co n c e a le d , b e in g in no d o u b t, he a fte rw a rd s co n cea ls, b e in g in n o d o u b t, th o se o ffen ces w h ic h fo rm e rly he d id n o t co n cea l, b e in g in d o u b t, h e a fte rw a rd s co n cea ls, b e in g in n o d o u b t. M on ks, manatta (d iscip lin e) sh o u ld
1 I . e . in I I I . 27 , " b e l o w '* c o r r e s p o n d s t o o u r ** a b o v e ** in s u c h c o n t e x t s , a s i t r e fe r s t o t h e p a l m - l e a f M S S .

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be im p o se d on th is m o n k , h a v in g g r a n te d h im p ro b a tio n on a c c o u n t o f th e s e t o f o ffe n ces th u s e a rlie r a s w e ll a s la te r c o n c e a le d / ' || i || 30 || T h e H u n d re d on M d n a tta . T h is is a ca se , m o n k s, w h e re a m o n k , w h ile d o in g p ro b a tio n , h a v in g fa lle n in to s e v e ra l o ffe n ces e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e t in g o f th e O rd er, le a v e s th e O rd e r n o t h a v in g c o n c e a le d th e m . O n b e in g o rd a in e d a g a in , h e d o es n o t c o n c e a l th e se offen ces. T h a t m o n k sh o u ld be sen t b a c k to th e b e g in n in g . T h is is a ca se, m o n k s . . . n o t h a v in g c o n c e a le d th e m . O n b e in g o rd a in e d a g a in , he c o n c e a ls th e se o ffen ces. T h a t m o n k sh o u ld b e se n t b a c k to th e b e g in n in g a n d c o n c u rre n t p ro b a tio n sh o u ld b e g r a n te d h im on a c c o u n t on th e e a rlie r o ffe n ces a m o n g th e o ffen ces th u s c o n c e a le d . T h is is a c a se , m o n k s . . . h a v in g c o n c e a le d th e m . On b e in g o rd a in e d a g a in , h e d o es n o t c o n c e a l th e se o ffe n ces. T h a t m o n k sh o u ld b e se n t b a c k to th e b e g in n in g . . . th u s co n c e a le d . T h is is a ca se , m o n k s, . . . h a v in g c o n c e a le d th e m . O n b e in g o rd a in e d a g a in , he c o n c e a ls th e se o ffen ces. T h a t m o n k sh o u ld b e se n t b a c k to th e b e g in n in g . . . th u s c o n c e a le d . [| i ]| T h is is a ca se, m o n k s, w h e re a m o n k , w h ile d o in g p ro b a tio n , fa lls in to s e v e ra l o ffen ces e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e tin g o f th e O rd e r. H is [65] o ffen ces a re b o th c o n c e a le d a n d n o t c o n c e a le d . H a v in g le ft th e O rd er, he, o n b e in g o rd a in e d a g a in , d o es n o t a fte rw a r d s c o n c e a l th o se o ffen ces w h ic h fo r m e r ly he c o n cea le d , d o es n o t a fte rw a r d s c o n c e a l th o s e o ffen ces w h ic h fo r m e r ly he d id n o t c o n c e a l. T h a t m o n k sh o u ld b e se n t b a c k to th e b e g in n in g a n d c o n c u rre n t p r o b a tio n sh o u ld be g r a n te d h im on a c c o u n t o f th e e a rlie r o ffen ces o f th e o ffe n ces thu& co n c e a le d . " T h is is a ca se, m o n k s . . . H is o ffen ces a re b o th c o n c e a le d a n d n o t co n c e a le d . H a v in g le f t th e O rd e r, h e, on b e in g o rd ain e d a g a in , d o es n o t a fte rw a r d s c o n c e a l th o se o ffen ces w h ic h fo r m e r ly h e c o n c e a le d , a fte rw a r d s c o n c e a ls th o se o ffen ces w h ic h fo r m e r ly h e d id n o t c o n c e a l. T h a t m o n k sh o u ld b e sen t b a c k to th e b e g in n in g . . . th u s c o n cea le d . ' f T h is is a ca se, m o n k s, . . . o n b e in g o rd a in e d a g a in , a fte r w a rd s co n c e a ls th o se o ffe n c e s w h ic h fo r m e r ly h e c o n c e a le d , a fte rw a rd s does n o t c o n c e a l th o se o ffen ces w h ic h fo r m e r ly he

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d id n ot c o n cea l. T h a t m o n k sh o u ld b e se n t b a c k to th e b e g in n in g . . . th u s co n c e a le d . " T h is is a ca se , m o n k s, . . . o n b e in g o rd a in e d a g a in , a fte r w a rd s c o n c e a ls th o se o ffen ces w h ic h fo rm e rly he co n c e a le d , a fte rw a r d s c o n c e a ls th o se o ffen ces w h ic h fo r m e r ly h e d id n o t c o n c e a l. T h a t m o n k sh o u ld b e se n t b a c k to th e b e g in n in g . . . th u s c o n cea le d . || 2 | | " T h is is a case, m o n k s, w h e re a m o n k , w h ile d o in g p r o b a tion , fa lls in to se v e ra l o ffe n ces e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e tin g o f th e O rd er. H e k n o w s so m e are offen ces, he d o es n o t k n o w th a t o th e rs are o ffen ces . . . ( = 29. 3 , 4 , 30. T he p enalty is always the sam e : th a t m o n k sh o u ld b e sen t b a c k to th e b e g in n in g a n d c o n c u rre n t p ro b a tio n g ra n te d h im o n a c c o u n t o f th e e a rlie r o ffen ces o f th e o ffen ces th u s co n cea led ) . . . || 3 j| 3 1 || T h is is a ca se , m o n k s, w h e re a m o n k d e se rv in g mdnatta (disciplin e) . . . u n d e rg o in g m dnatta (d iscip lin e) . . . d e se rv in g r e h a b ilita tio n , h a v in g m e a n tim e fa lle n in to se v e ra l o ffen ces e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e tin g o f th e O rd er, le a v e s th e O rd er, n o t h a v in g c o n c e a le d th e m . . . T h e o n e d e se rv in g mdnatta (disci pline) a n d th e one u n d e rg o in g mdnatta (discipline) a n d th e one d e se rv in g r e h a b ilita tio n sh o u ld b e e x p la in e d in d e ta il sim ila rly to th e one d o in g p r o b a tio n .1 " T h is is a c a se , m o n k s, w h e re a m o n k d e se rv in g r e h a b ilita tio n , h a v in g m e a n tim e fa lle n in to s e v e ra l o ffen ces e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e tin g o f th e p r d e r , a n d n o t h a v in g co n c e a le d th e m , b e co m e s a n o v ic e . . . b e c o m e s m a d . . b e co m e s u n h in g e d in m in d . . .b e co m e s a fflic te d b y p a in . H is o ffen ces are b o th co n c e a le d a n d n o t c o n c e a le d . . . ( = 30) . * . he a fte rw a rd s co n cea ls, b e in g in n o d o u b t. T h a t m o n k sh o u ld b e sen t b a c k to th e b e g in n in g [66] a n d co n c u rre n t p ro b a tio n g ra n te d h im on a c c o u n t o f th e e a rlie r o ffen ces o f th e o ffen ces th u s co n c e a led . || 1 || 32 || T h is is a ca se , m o n k s, w h e re a m o n k h a v in g fa lle n in to se v e ra l o ffen ces e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e tin g o f th e O rd er, n o t h a v in g c o n c e a le d n o t m a n y , n o t h a v in g c o n c e a le d m a n y , n o t h a v in g co n c e a le d one k in d , n o t h a v in g c o n c e a le d d iffere n t

1 c v , III. 31.

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k in d s, n o t h a v in g c o n c e a le d th o s e o f a lik e d iv is io n ,1 n o t h a v in g c o n c e a le d th o se o f th e o th e r d iv is io n ,1 n o t h a v in g co n c e a le d s e p a ra te o n e s,2 n o t h a v in g c o n c e a le d c o n n e c te d o n e s,3 le a v e s th e O rd e r.4 f| x || 33 || " T w o m o n k s co m e to h a v e fa lle n in to a n o ffen ce e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e tin g o f th e O rd er. T h e y co m e t o b e o f th e o p in io n th a t th e o ffen ce is one e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e tin g o f th e O rd er. O n e c o n c e a ls it, th e o th e r d o es n o t c o n c e a l it. W h o e v e r co n c e a ls it sh o u ld b e m a d e to c o n fe ss a n o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g , a n d h a v in g g r a n te d h im p r o b a tio n fo r a s lo n g a s it w a s c o n c e a led , m dnatia (d iscip lin e) sh o u ld b e im p o se d on b o th . T w o m o n k s co m e t o h a v e fa lle n in to a n o ffen ce e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e tin g o f th e O rd er. T h e y are d o u b tfu l w h e th e r th e offen ce is o n e e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e tin g o f th e O rd er. O n e c o n c e a ls it . . . (as above) . . . sh o u ld b e im p o se d on b o th . T w o m o n k s co m e to h a v e fa lle n in to a n o ffen ce e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e tin g o f th e O rd er. I n re g a rd to th is o ffen ce th e y are o f th e o p in io n th a t it is a m ix e d o ffe n c e .5 O n e c o n c e a ls it . . . (s above) . . . sh o u ld be im p o se d on b o th . T w o m o n k s co m e to h a v e fa lle n in to a m ix e d o ffen ce. In re g a rd to th is m ix e d o ffen ce t h e y a re o f th e o p in io n th a t i t is a n o ffen ce e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e tin g o f th e O rd er. O n e c o n c e a ls it . . . sh o u ld b e im p o se d o n b o th . T w o m o n k s co m e to h a v e fa lle n in to a m ix e d o ffen ce. I n
1 sabhdga . . . visabhaga, p o s s i b l y r e f e r r i n g t o t h e t w o d i v is io n s o f o ffe n c e s e n t a il i n g a f o r m a l m e e t i n g o f t h e O r d e r ; t h a t w h e r e o ffe n c e s a r e o ffe n c e s a t o n c e , a n d t h a t w h e r e o ffe n c e s b e c o m e s o a f t e r ( u n s u c c e s s fu l) a d m o n it io n u p t o t h e t h i r d t im e . * vavatthitd. * sambhinnd . F o r e x a m p le , t h e r e a r e n o o t h e r F o r m a l M e e t in g s s im ila r t o X* V , X I I o r X J I I . T h e s e , t h e r e f o r e , a r e " s e p a r a t e / * F o r m a l M e e t in g s I I I V a r e *' c o n n e c t e d ** b e c a u s e t h e y d e a l w i t h t h e s a m e s u b j e c t m a t t e r a n d t o s o m e e x t e n t u s e t h e s a m e w o r d in g ; t h e s a m e is a ls o t r u e o f F o r m a l M e e t in g s V I , V I I a n d V I I I ; I X , X a n d X I . V A . 1 1 9 1 s a y s t h a t vavatthitd a n d sambhinnd a r e pariydyavacana o f sabhdga a n d visabhaga. 4 T h i s is t h e w h o le o f t h i s p a r a g r a p h a s i t s t a n d s . S e e n o t e a t V in . Texts ii. 4 3 1 w h ic h s a y s t h a t t h e c o n c lu s io n s h o u ld b e s u p p lie d a s in J ] 28 If, w i t h t h e e x c e p t i o n t h a t t h e p e n a l t y in e a c h c a s e is " a p r o b a t io n c o r r e s p o n d in g in l e n g t h t o t h e p e r io d w h i c h h a s e la p s e d s in c e t h e f ir s t o f t h o s e o ffe n c e s w h ic h t h e r e - o r d a in e d B h i k k h u h a s c o n c e a le d . T h e d e t a i l s a r e o n ly w o r k e d o u t in |f 28 [|, o f t h e f ir s t o f t h e s e v e r a l p a i r s h e r e e n u m e r a t e d , a n d a r e in t e n d e d t o b e s u p p lie d h e r e f o r e a c h o f t h e o t h e r p a i r s in a s im i la r w a y . A l l t h e p a ir s r e c u r in C h a p s . 35, 30. " * missaka , w h i c h V A . 1 1 9 1 s a y s m e a n s ** m i x e d w i t h a g r a v e o f fe n c e a n d so o n ."

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re g a rd to t h a t m ix e d offence t h e y a re o f th e o p in io n t h a t it is a m ix e d offen ce. O n e co n cea ls it . . . sh o u ld b e im p o se d o n b o th . " T w o m o n k s co m e to h a v e fa lle n in to a slig h te r o ffe n c e .1 I n re g a rd to th is s lig h te r o ffen ce t h e y a re o f th e o p in io n t h a t it is an o ffen ce e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e tin g o f th e O rd e r. O n e co n c e a ls it, th e o th e r d o es n o t c o n c e a l it. W h o e v e r c o n c e a ls it sh o u ld b e m a d e to c o n fe ss a n o ffe n ce o f w ro n g -d o in g a n d b o th sh o u ld b e d e a lt w ith a c co rd in g to th e ru le .3 " T w o m o n k s co m e to h a v e fa lle n in to a slig h te r offen ce. In re g a rd to th is slig h te r o ffen ce t h e y a re o f th e o p in io n t h a t it is a s lig h te r o ffen ce. O n e c o n c e a ls it . . . a c c o rd in g t o th e ru le, i! 1 || " T w o m o n k s co m e to h a v e fa lle n in to a n o ffe n c e e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e tin g o f th e O rd er. I n re g a rd to th is o ffen ce e n ta il in g a fo rm a l m e e tin g o f th e O rd e r t h e y a re o f th e o p in io n t h a t it is a n o ffen ce e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e tin g o f th e O rd er. I t o c cu rs to one, 1 w ill te ll a b o u t i t / it o ccu rs to th e o th e r, * I w ill n o t te ll a b o u t i t / [67] H e c o n c e a ls it d u rin g th e first w a tc h a n d h e c o n c e a ls it d u rin g th e se co n d w a tc h a n d h e c o n c e a ls it d u rin g th e th ir d w a tc h . I f th e o ffe n ce is (still) c o n c e a le d a fte r th e su n h a s risen , w h o e v e r co n c e a ls it sh o u ld b e m a d e to co n fess a n o ffen ce o f w ro n g d o in g , a n d h a v in g g ra n te d him p ro b a tio n fo r a s lo n g a s it w a s c o n c e a le d , m dnatta (disciplin e) sh o u ld b e im p o se d on b o th . " T w o m o n k s c o m e to h a v e fa lle n in to an o ffen ce e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e tin g o f th e O rd er. In re g a rd to th is o ffen ce e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e tin g o f th e O rd e r t h e y are o f th e o p in io n t h a t i t is a n o ffen ce e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e tin g o f th e O rd er. T h e y g o a w a y , th in k in g , f W e w ill te ll a b o u t i t / O n th e w a y , b a c k slid in g 1 a rises in o n e a n d h e t h i n k s ,' I w ill n o t te ll a b o u t it/ H e c o n c e a ls it d u rin g th e first w a tc h a n d . . . h e c o n c e a ls it d u rin g th e th ir d w a tc h . I f th e o ffen ce is (still) c o n c e a le d a fte r th e su n h a s risen , . . . sh o u ld b e im p o se d on b o th . " T w o m o n k s. . . . T h e y b e co m e m a d , a n d la te r th e y , h a v in g
1 su d d h a k a . V A . 1 1 9 1 s a y s t h e g r o u p o f l i g h t e r o ffe n c e s , n o t t h o s e e n t a i l in g a f o r m a l m e e t i n g o f t h e O r d e r . * I . e . t h e r u le f o r w h a t e v e r o f f e n c e i t w a s , f o r a s i t w a s n o t a n o ffe n c e e n t a i l i n g a f o r m a l m e e t i n g o f t h e O r d e r , p r o b a t i o n a n d m d n a tta w o u l d n o t e n te r in to th e p e n a lty . * m a k k h a d h a tn m a , h y p o c r i s y . P e r h a p s i t h e re m e a n s t h a t h e d e c e iv e d t h e o th e r m o n k .

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b e c o m e sa n e a g a in , o n e c o n c e a ls it, th e o th e r d o es n o t c o n c e a l it. W h o e v e r c o n c e a ls it sh o u ld be m a d e to co n fess a n o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g a n d , h a v in g g r a n te d h im p ro b a tio n fo r a s lo n g as it w a s c o n c e a le d , m anatta (d iscip lin e) sh o u ld b e im p o sed on b o th . T w o m o n k s c o m e to h a v e fa lle n in to a n o ffe n ce e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e tin g o f th e O rd er. A ? th e P a tim o k k h a is b e in g re cite d , th e se s p e a k th u s : O n ly n o w d o w e u n d e rsta n d th a t th e ru le, as is said , is h a n d e d d o w n in a cla u se , c o n ta in e d in a c la u se (and) co m es u p fo r re c ita tio n e v e r y h a lf-m o n th / 1 In re g a rd to th a t o ffe n ce e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e tin g o f th e O rd er t h e y are o f th e o p in io n th a t it is an o ffen ce e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e tin g o f th e O rd er. O n e c o n c e a ls it, th e o th e r d o es n o t co n c e a l it. W h o e v e r c o n c e a ls it sh o u ld b e m a d e to co n fess an offen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g , a n d h a v in g g r a n te d h im p ro b a tio n for as lo n g as it w a s c o n c e a le d , m anatta (disciplin e) sh o u ld be im p o sed on b o th . || 2 || 3 4 || " T h i s is a ca se, m o n k s, w h e re a m o n k fa lls in to s e v e ra l o ffen ces e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e tin g o f th e O rd e r : m a n y a n d n o t m a n y a n d o f one k in d a n d o f d iffere n t k in d s a n d of a lik e d iv is io n a n d o f a d iffe re n t d iv is io n a n d s e p a ra te a n d c o n n e c te d .2 H e a sk s th e O rd e r fo r c o n c u rre n t p r o b a tio n o n a c c o u n t o f these o ffcn ces. T h e O rd e r g r a n ts h im c o n c u rre n t p r o b a tio n on a c co u n t o f th e se o ffen ces. W h ile h e is d o in g p r o b a tio n he fa lls in to s e v e ra l in te r v e n in g o ffen ces e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e tin g of th e O rd er, m a n y , n o t c o n c e a le d . O n a c c o u n t o f th e in te rv e n in g o ffen ces, h e a sk s th e O rd e r fo r se n d in g b a c k to th e b e g in n in g . O n a c c o u n t o f th e in te rv e n in g o ffen ces th e O rd e r se n d s h im b a c k to th e b e g in n in g b y a (form al) a c t th a t is le g a lly v a lid , irre v e rsib le , fit to s ta n d , (but) it im p o se s m anatta (disciplin e) n o t b y ru le, it r e h a b ilita te s h im n o t b y ru le. M o n k s, th a t m o n k is n o t p u re in re g a rd to th o se offen ces. " T h is is a ca se , m o n k s, w h e re a m o n k fa lls in to se v e ra l o ffen ces e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e tin g o f th e O rd e r : n o t m a n y a n d m a n y a r d o f one k in d a n d o f d iffere n t k in d s a n d o f a lik e d iv is io n a n d o f a d iffe re n t d iv is io n [68] a n d se p a ra te ones a n d
1 S e e t h e " r u le " in P a c . 7 3 ( V i n . i v . 1 4 4 ) . * A s in C V . I I I . 33 . U h e d e t a i l s o f t h e fir s t p a i r , n o t m a n y a n d m a n y , a r e w o r k e d o u t i n r e l a t i o n t o " c o n c e a l e d , n o t c o n c e a l e d a t C V . I I I . 28 .

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co n n e cted ones. H e a sk s th e O rd e r fo r c o n c u rre n t p ro b a tio n on a c c o u n t o f th e se o ffen ces. T h e O rd e r g r a n ts h im c o n c u rre n t p ro b a tio n on a c c o u n t o f th e se o ffen ces. W h ile he is u n d e r p ro b a tio n , h e m e a n tim e fa lls in to s e v e ra l o ffen ces e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e tin g o f th e O rd e r, n o t m a n y , c o n c e a le d . . . . O n a c co u n t o f th e o ffen ces (fallen in to) m e a n tim e , th e O rd e r send s him b a c k to th e b e g in n in g b y a (form al) a c t t h a t is le g a lly v a lid , irre v e rsib le , fit t o sta n d . I t g r a n ts c o n c u rre n t p r o b a tio n b y rule, it im p o ses m dnatta (d iscip lin e) n o t b y ru le, it re h a b ilita te s him n o t b y ru le. M o n k s, t h a t m o n k is n o t p u re in re ga rd to th o se offen ces. || 1 || T h is is a ca se , m o n k s, w h e re a m o n k fa lls in to s e v e ra l offen ces e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e tin g o f th e O rd e r : n o t m a n y . . . a n d c o n n e c te d ones. H e a sk s th e O rd e r . . . W h ile h e is u n d e r p ro b a tio n , h e m e a n tim e fa lls in to se v e ra l o ffen ces e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e tin g o f th e O rd e r : m a n y , n o t c o n c e a le d . . . m a n y , c o n c e a le d . . . m a n y , c o n c e a le d a n d n o t c o n c e a le d . . . n o t m a n y a n d m a n y , n o t co n c e a le d . O n a c c o u n t o f th e offen ces (fallen in to) m e a n tim e , h e a sk s th e O rd e r fo r se n d in g b a c k to th e b e g in n in g . O n a c c o u n t o f th e o ffen ces (fallen in to) m e a n tim e, th e O rd e r se n d s h im b a c k to th e b e g in n in g b y a (form al) a c t th a t is le g a lly v a lid , irre v e rsib le , fit t o sta n d . I t g ra n ts c o n c u rre n t p ro b a tio n b y ru le, it im p o se s m dnatta (d isci pline) n o t b y ru le, it re h a b ilita te s h im n o t b y ru le . M o n k s, th a t m o n k is n o t p u re in re g a rd to th o se offences. T h is is a ca se, m o n k s, w h e re a m o n k . . . a n d c o n n e c te d ones. H e a sk s th e O rd e r fo r c o n c u rre n t p r o b a tio n o n a c c o u n t o f th e se o ffen ces. T h e O rd e r g r a n ts h im c o n c u rre n t p ro b a tio n on a c c o u n t o f th e se o ffen ces. W h ile h e is u n d e r p ro b a tio n , he m e a n tim e fa lls in to s e v e r a l o ffe n ces e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e tin g o f th e O rd e r : n o t m a n y a n d m a n y a n d c o n c e a le d . O n a c c o u n t o f th ese o ffen ces (fallen in to) m e a n tim e he a sk s th e O rd e r fo r se n d in g b a c k to th e b e g in n in g . O n a c c o u n t o f th e se o ffen ces (fallen in to) m e a n tim e th e O rd e r se n d s h im b a c k t o th e b e g in n in g b y a (form al) a c t th a t is le g a lly v a lid , irre v e rsib le , fit to sta n d . I t g r a n ts h im c o n c u rre n t p r o b a tio n b y ru le, [69] it im poses mdnatta (disciplin e) n o t b y ru le , it r e h a b ilita te s h im not b y ru le. M o n k s, t h a t m o n k is n o t p u re in re g a rd to th o se offences. T h is is a case, m o n k s, . . . a n d c o n n e cte d ones. On

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a c c o u n t o f th e se offen ces, h e a s k s th e O rd e r fo r c o n c u rre n t p ro b a tio n . O n a c c o u n t o f th e se o ffen ces, th e O r d e r g r a n ts h im c o n c u rre n t p ro b a tio n . W h ile h e is u n d e r p ro b a tio n , h e m e a n tim e fa lls in to s e v e ra l o ffe n c e s e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e tin g o f th e O r d e r : n o t m a n y a n d m a n y a n d c o n c e a le d a n d n o t c o n c e a le d . O n a c c o u n t o f th e s e o ffe n ces (fa lle n in to ) m e a n tim e , h e a s k s th e O rd e r fo r se n d in g b a c k to t h e b e g in n in g . O n a c c o u n t o f th e s e o ffen ces (fa lle n in to ) m e a n tim e , th e O rd er sen d s h im b a c k to th e b e g in n in g b y a (form al) a c t t h a t is le g a lly v a lid , irre v e rsib le , fit to s ta n d . I t g r a n ts c o n c u rre n t p ro b a tio n b y ru le , it im p o se s m anatta (d iscip lin e) n o t b y ru le, it re h a b ilita te s h im n o t b y ru le . M o n k s, t h a t m o n k is n o t p u re in re g a rd to th o se o ffe n ces. || 2 || T o ld a re t h e N in e C a ses w h e re (a M o n k on b e in g sen t b a c k to ) th e B e g in n in g is N o t P u re . |j 35 [| T h is is a c a se , m o n k s, w h e re a m o n k fa lls in to se v e ra l o ffe n ces e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e tin g o f th e O rd e r : n o t m a n y a n d m a n y . . . a n d s e p a r a te o n es a n d c o n n e c te d o n es. On a c c o u n t o f th e s e o ffe n ces h e a s k s th e O rd e r fo r c o n c u rre n t p ro b a tio n . O n a c c o u n t o f th e s e o ffe n ces, th e O rd e r g r a n ts h im c o n c u rre n t p r o b a tio n . W h ile h e is u n d e r p r o b a tio n , h e m e a n tim e fa lls in to s e v e r a l o ffe n ces e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e tin g of th e O rd e r : n o t m a n y , n o t c o n c e a le d . O n a c c o u n t o f th e se o ffen ces (fa lle n in to ) m e a n tim e h e a s k s th e O rd e r fo r se n d in g b a c k t o th e b e g in n in g . O n a c c o u n t o f th e se o ffe n ces (fallen in to ) m e a n tim e th e O rd e r se n d s h im b a c k to th e b e g in n in g b y a (form al) a c t t h a t is n o t le g a lly v a lid , re v e rsib le , n o t fit to sta n d , it im p o se s m dnatta (disciplin e) b y ru le, it r e h a b ilita te s h im b y rule* M on ks, t h a t m o n k is n o t p u re in re g a rd to th o se offen ces. * T h is is a ca se , m o n k s , . . - W h ile h e is u n d e r p r o b a tio n h e m e a n tim e fa lls in to s e v e r a l o ffe n ces e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e tin g o f th e O rd e r : n o t m a n y a n d c o n c e a le d a n d n o t c o n c e a le d . . . n o t m a n y , c o n c e a le d . . O n a c c o u n t o f th e s e o ffen ces (fa llen in to ) m e a n tim e th e O rd e r sen d s h im b a c k to th e b e g in n in g b y a (fo rm al) a c t th a t is n o t le g a lly v a lid , re v e rsib le , n o t fit to s ta n d , it g r a n ts c o n c u rre n t p ro b a tio n n o t b y ru le , im p o se s m dnatta (d iscip lin e) b y ru le , it re h a b ilita te s

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h im b y ru le . M o n k s, t h a t m o n k is n o t p u re in re g a rd t o th o se offences. || r || " T h is is a c a se , m o n k s, . . . W h ile h e is u n d e r p ro b a tio n h e m e a n tim e fa lls in to s e v e ra l o ffen ces e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e t in g o f th e O rd e r : n o t m a n y , c o n c e a le d . O n a c c o u n t o f th e se offen ces (fallen in to ) m e a n tim e he a s k s th e O rd e r fo r se n d in g b a c k t o th e b e g in n in g . O n a c c o u n t o f th e s e o ffe n ces (fallen into) m e a n tim e th e O rd e r se n d s h im b a c k to th e b e g in n in g b y a (form al) a c t t h a t is n o t le g a lly v a lid , re v e rsib le , n o t fit to sta n d . I t g r a n ts h im c o n c u rre n t p r o b a tio n n o t b y ru le . [70] H e, th in k in g : ' I a m u n d e r p r o b a tio n V m e a n tim e fa lls in to se v e ra l o ffe n ces e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e tin g o f th e O rd er, n o t m a n y , c o n c e a le d . H e , a r r iv e d a t t h a t s ta g e , re m e m b e rs a m o n g th e e a rlie r o ffe n ces o ffe n ces (fa lle n into) m e a n tim e , h e re m em b ers a m o n g th e su b s e q u e n t o ffe n c e s o ffe n ces (fa llen in to ) m e a n tim e . I t o c cu rs to h im , * N o w , I h a v e fa lle n in to s e v e r a l o ffen ces e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e tin g o f th e O rd er, n o t m a n y a n d m a n y . . . a n d s e p a ra te o n es a n d c o n n e cte d o n es. O n a c c o u n t o f th e se o ffe n ces I a s k e d th e O rd e r fo r c o n c u rre n t p r o b a tio n . O n a c c o u n t o f th e s e o ffe n ces th e O rd e r g r a n te d m e c o n c u rre n t p ro b a tio n . W h ile I w a s u n d e r p ro b a tio n , 1 m e a n tim e fe ll in to se v e ra l o ffe n ces e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e tin g o f th e O rd e r, n o t m a n y , c o n c e a le d . S o o n a c c o u n t o f th e s e o ffe n ces (fa llen in to ) m e a n tim e, I a s k e d th e O rd e r fo r se n d in g b a c k t o th e b e g in n in g . O n a c c o u n t o f th e se o ffe n ces (fa lle n in to ) m e a n tim e , th e O rd e r sen t m e b a c k to th e b e g in n in g b y a (form al) a c t t h a t w a s n o t le g a lly v a lid , re v e rsib le , n o t fit t o s ta n d . I t g r a n te d c o n c u rre n t p ro b a tio n n o t b y ru le . T h e n I , th in k in g " I a m u n d e r p r o b a tio n ," m e a n tim e fe ll in to s e v e r a l o ffe n ces e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e tin g o f th e O rd er, n o t m a n y , c o n c e a le d . T h e n I , a r r iv e d a t th is sta g e , re m e m b e re d a m o n g th e e a rlie r o ffe n ces o ffe n ces fa lle n in to m e a n tim e , I re m e m b e re d a m o n g th e su b s e q u e n t o ffe n ces o ffen ces fa lle n in to m e a n tim e . S u p p o se t h a t I , on a c c o u n t o f th o se offen ces a m o n g th e e a rlie r o ffe n ces, a n d on a c c o u n t o f th o se o ffen ces a m o n g th e su b s e q u e n t o ffe n ces, sh o u ld a s k th e O rd e r fo r se n d in g b a c k to th e b e g in n in g b y a (form al) a c t t h a t is le g a lly v a lid , irre v e rsib le , fit to s ta n d , fo r c o n c u rre n t p r o b a tio n b y ru le , fo r m anatta (d iscip lin e) b y ru le, fo r re h a b ilita tio n b y ru le ? ' H e a s k s th e O rd e r . . . T h e O rd e r, o n a c c o u n t o f th ose o ffe n ces a m o n g th e e a rlie r o ffe n ces a n d o n a c c o u n t o f

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th o se o ffe n ces a m o n g th e su b s e q u e n t o ffe n c e s, se n d s h im b a c k to th e b e g in n in g b y a (fo rm al) a c t t h a t is le g a lly v a lid , irre v e r s ib le , fit to s ta n d , i t g r a n ts c o n c u rre n t p ro b a tio n b y rule, it im p o se s m dnatta (d iscip lin e) b y ru le , it r e h a b ilita te s h im b y ru le. M o n k s, t h a t m o n k is p u r e in re g a rd to th o se o ffen ces. " T h is is a ca se , m o n k s , . . . ( T h is case is ide?itical w ith the p recedin g , but in stea d o f c o n c e a le d read c o n c e a le d a n d n o t c o n c e a le d ) . . . || 2 || T h is is a c a se , m o n k s . . . W h ile h e is u n d e r p r o b a tio n , h e m e a n tim e fa lls in to s e v e r a l o ffe n c e s e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e t in g o f th e O rd e r, m a n y , n o t c o n c e a le d , m a n y , c o n c e a le d . . . n o t m a n y a n d m a n y , n o t c o n c e a le d . O n a c c o u n t o f th e o ffen ces (fa lle n in to ) m e a n tim e [7 1] h e a s k s th e O rd e r fo r se n d in g b a c k to th e b e g in n in g . O n a c c o u n t o f th e o ffe n c e s (fa llen in to) m e a n tim e , th e O rd e r se n d s h im b a c k to t h e b e g in n in g b y a (form al) a c t t h a t is n o t le g a lly v a lid , re v e r s ib le , n o t fit t o sta n d . I t im p o se s m dnatta (d iscip lin e) b y ru le , r e h a b ilita te s b y ru le . M o n k s, t h a t m o n k is n o t p u re in re g a rd t o th o s e offen ces. T h is is a c a se , m o n k s , . . . W h ile h e is u n d e r p ro b a tio n , h e m e a n tim e fa lls in to s e v e r a l o ffe n c e s e n ta ilin g a fo r m a l m e e t in g o f th e O rd e r, n o t m a n y a n d m a n y , a n d c o n c e a le d . . . n o t m a n y a n d m a n y a n d c o n c e a le d a n d n o t c o n c e a le d . . . O n a c c o u n t o f th e s e o ffe n ces (fa llen in to ) m e a n tim e , th e O rd e r se n d s h im b a c k t o th e b e g in n in g b y a (fo rm al) a c t t h a t is n ot le g a lly v a lid , r e v e rs ib le , n o t fit to s ta n d , it g r a n ts h im co n c u rre n t p r o b a tio n n o t b y ru le , it im p o se s m dnatta (disciplin e) b y ru le , it r e h a b ilita te s h im b y ru le . M o n k s, t h a t m o n k is n o t p u re in re g a rd to th o se o ffe n ces. || 3 || T h is is a ca se , m o n k s . . . ( T he two cases given here are id en tica l with those sp ecified in || 2 ||; in stea d o f n o t m a n y read m a n y ) . . . M o n k s, t h a t m o n k is p u re in re g a r d t o th o se o ffe n c e s / ' || 4 || 3 6 || T o ld is th e T h ir d S e c tio n : t h a t on A c c u m u la tio n (of O ffe n ces). T h is is its k e y : N o t c o n c e a le d , a n d one d a y , t w o d a y s , th re e d a y s , fo u r d a y s a n d fiv e d a y s , a n d fo r a fo r tn ig h t, te n d a y s 1 : th e G r e a t S a g e sp e a k s o f a n o ffen ce, /
1 d a s d n a m s h o u ld p e r h a p s r e a d d a s a h a , o r d a s a n n a m . p r o b a b l y t o 2 1 . 1 : t e n o ff e n c e s c o n c e a l e d f o r t e n d a y s . The r e fe r e n c e is

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A n d slig h te r ones, le a v in g th e O rd er, a b o u t f n o t m a n y tw o m o n k s th ere agree, tw o are d o u b tfu l, are o f th e o p in io n t h a t it is a m ix e d o ffen ce, / T h e y are o f th e o p in io n t h a t it is a h e a v ie r o ffen ce w h en it is a slig h te r o n e ,2 lik e w ise o f th e o p in io n th a t it is a slig h te r o n e .3 / O n e co n cea ls, a n d th e n a b o u t b a c k s lid in g ,4 a n d co n fe ssin g fo r one w h o w a s m a d , (sen d in g b a ck ) to th e b e g in n in g , h e is p u r e . 5 / T h e r e c ita tio n 6 is fo r th e m a in te n a n ce o f tr u e dham m a a m o n g th e te a ch er? o f th e V ib h a jja d o c trin e s ,7 a n d w h o , d w e lle rs in th e M a h a v ih a ra , 8 illu m in a te T a m b a p a n n id lp a .9 [72]

1 ReadiDg w ith S ia h . edn, p a r im d n d s a ca in stead of O ld en b ergs p a r im d p a m u k h a tn , for - tn u k h a m is hard t o accou nt for. 1 R eadin g w ith Sinh. edn. s u d d h a k e g a r u k a d itth in o , and referring to th e end of 34 . i where tw o m onks th in k t h a t th e y h a v e fallen in to a S a n g k d d is e s a offence when really it is a slighter one. 8 R eadin g should p ro b ab ly be s u d d h a k a d itth in o instead of s u d d h a d itth in o of O ldenberg's te x t, an d s u d d a d itth i of Sinh. edn. 4 A s O ldenberg suggests ( V i n . ii. 312) th e p a k k h a m ite n a ca should perhaps read m a k k h a d k a m m e n a as in I I I . 34 . 2. T h e Sinh. edn. reads p a k k a m i te n a c a . 6 R ea d in g w ith Sinh. edn. m u ld y a p a tiv is u d d h a k o (for m u ld y a p a t ik a s s a ii -f* v is u d d h a k o ) instead of O ldenberg's rnuld, p a n n a r a s a v is u d d h a to . O n th e other hand, there seem to be fifteen cases of sending b a ck to th e beginning m ade up of nine to w hich reference is m ad e a t th e end of 35 , w ith six in 36 . v a ca n d . 7 v ib h a jja p a d d n a m , w hich O ldenberg suggests ( V i n . ii. 312) should read v ib h a jja v d d a n a m . Sinh. edn. reads v ib h a jja v a d d n a m . T h e grea t m onastery a t A n u rad bapu ra, for m a n y centuries th e chief seat of B uddhism in Ceylon. T am bap an n id lp a w as a d istrict in Ceylon , w ith A nu radhapura as its centre. A ccord ing to S A . ii. 1 1 1 , it w a s a hundred yo jan a s in exten t, b u t V b h A . 444 sa y s it w as three hundred yo ja n a s in e x te n t. See also V A . i. 102 where M ahinda te lls T issa t h a t alth ou gh th e s d s a n a is established in Tam bapannidlpa, it w ill not ta k e root u n til a b o y, born in T am b ap a n n id lp a of parents belonging there, goes forth there, learns th e V in a y a there, and recites it there. T a m b a p a n n ia lp a also cam e to be a nam e for th e whole of the Island of C eylcn . I t seems strange to insert references to A n u rad h sp u ra and C eylo n here, as th o u g h th is were, even if not an ending, y e t referring to the tim e when th e s d s a n a had reached th is Island.

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A t one tim e th e A w a k e n e d O n e, th e L o rd , w a s s ta y in g a t S a v a t t h i in th e J e t a G r o v e in A n a th a p in d ik a 's m o n a s te ry . N o w a t th a t tim e th e g ro u p o f s ix m o n k s c a rrie d o u t (form al) a c ts o f c e n su re a n d g u id a n c e a n d b a n ish m e n t a n d re c o n c ilia tio n a n d su sp e n sio n a g a in s t m o n k s w h o w e re n o t p re se n t. T h o s e w h o w ere m o d e st m o n k s lo o k e d d o w n u p o n , c ritic ise d , sp re a d it a b o u t, s a y in g : H o w c a n th is g ro u p o f s ix m o n k s c a r r y o u t (form al) a c ts o f c e n su re . . . a n d su sp en sio n a g a in s t m o n k s w h o a re n o t p re se n t ? " T h e n th e se m o n k s to ld th is m a tte r t o th e L o r d . H e sa id : " Is it tru e , a s is sa id , m o n k s, t h a t th e s e m o n k s c a rrie d o u t (form al) a c ts o f c e n su re . * . a n d su sp en sio n a g a in s t m o n k s w h o w e re n o t p re se n t ? " " I t is tru e , L o r d . T h e A w a k e n e d O n e , th e L o rd , re b u k e d th e m , s a y in g : " I t is n o t fittin g , m o n k s , in th e se fo o lish m en , it is n o t b e c o m in g , it is n o t s u ita b le , it is n o t w o r th y o f a reclu se, it is n o t a llo w a b le , it is n o t to b e d o n e . H o w , m o n k s, c a n th ese fo o lish m e n c a r r y o u t (form al) a c ts o f c e n su re . * . a n d sus p e n sio n a g a in s t m o n k s w h o a re n o t p re se n t ? I t is n o t m o n k s, fo r p le a sin g th o se w h o a re n o t (yet) p le a s e d . . . " H a v in g re b u k e d th e m , h a v in g g iv e n re a s o n e d t a lk , h e a d d re sse d th e m o n k s, s a y in g : M o n k s, a (form al) a c t o f c e n su re or g u id a n c e o r b a n ish m e n t o r re c o n c ilia tio n o r su sp en sio n sh o u ld n o t b e c a rrie d o u t a g a in s t m o n k s w h o a re n o t p re s e n t. W h o e v e r s h o u ld c a r r y one o u t, th e r e is a n o ffe n c e o f w ro n g -d o in g . |j i j] 1 j| " A n in d iv id u a l w h o p ro fe sses n o n-dham m a m a k e s k n o w n t o a n in d iv id u a l w h o p ro fesses dham m a , d isp o se s h im fa v o u r a b ly , m a k e s h im co n sid er, m a k e s h im reco n sid er, te a c h e s h im , te a c h e s h im a g a in , s a y in g : ' T h is is dham m a , th is is d iscip lin e, th is is th e T e a c h e r 's in s tru c tio n , ch o o se th is, [73] a p p r o v e o f th is .' I f th is le g a l q u e stio n is s e ttle d th u s , it is s e ttle d b y w h a t

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is n o t rule, b y w h a t h a s th e a p p e a ra n ce o f a v e r d ic t in th e presen ce o f .1 A n in d iv id u a l w h o p ro fesses non-dham tna m a k e s k n o w n to se v e ra l w h o p ro fess dham m a , . . A n in d iv id u a l w h o p ro fesses n o n -dham m a m a k e s k n o w n to an O rd e r w h ic h p ro fe sses dham m a . . . S e v e ra l w h o p ro fe ss n o n -dham m a m a k e k n o w n to a n in d i v id u a l w h o p ro fesses dham m a . . . S e v e r a l w h o p ro fess nondhamma m a k e k n o w n to se v e ra l w h o p ro fe ss dham m a . . . S e v e ra l w h o p ro fess n o n -dham m a m a k e k n o w n t o a n O rd e r w h ic h p ro fesses dham m a . . . A n O rd e r w h ic h pro fesses nondham m a m a k e s k n o w n t o an in d iv id u a l w h o p ro fesses dhamma . . . A n O rd er w h ic h p ro fesses n o n-dham m a m a k e s k n o w n t o se v e ra l w h o p ro fe ss dham m a . . . A n O rd e r w h ic h p ro fesses nondham m a m a k e s k n o w n to an O rd er w h ic h p ro fesses dham m a9 disposes it fa v o u r a b ly , m a k e s it co n sid e r, m a k e s it reco n sid er, te a ch e s it, te a c h e s it a g a in , s a y in g ; ' T h is is dham m a , th is is d iscip lin e, thip is th e T e a c h e r s in stru c tio n , ch o o se th is, a p p ro v e o f th is .' I f th is le g a l q u e stio n is s e ttle d th u s , it is s e ttle d b y w h a t is n o t ru le, b y w h a t h a s th e a p p e a ra n c e o f a v e r d ic t in th e p resen ce o f."' T o ld a re th e N in e C a ses o f th e D a r k F a c tio n . [| 2 [| A n in d iv id u a l w h o p ro fesses dham m a m a k e s k n o w n t o an in d iv id u a l w h o p ro fesses non-idhamma * . . A n O rd e r w h ic h p ro fesses dham m a m a k e s k n o w n t o an O rd e r w h ic h p ro fesses non-dham m a . . . I f th is le g a l q u e stio n is s e ttle d th u s , it is s e ttle d b y ru le, b y a v e r d ic t in th e p re se n ce o f. T o ld a re th e N in e C a ses o f th e B r ig h t F a c tio n , j| 3 || A t o n e tim e th e A w a k e n e d O n e, th e L o r d , w a s s ta y in g a t R a ja g a h a in th e B a m b o o G ro v e a t th e sq u irre ls' fe ed in g -p la ce.* A t th a t tim e p e rfe ctio n h a d b een re a lised b y th e v e n e r a b le D a b b a th e M allian se v e n y e a r s a fte r h is b ir th . A ll t h a t sh o u ld b e a tta in e d b y a d iscip le h a d b een fu lly a tta in e d b y h im ; fc r him th ere w a s n o th in g fu rth e r to b e d o n e, n o in c re a se to (be a d d e d
1 s a m tn u k h a v in a y a p a tir u p a k a . O n s a m m u k h a v in a y a , see V i n . ii. 93 0 ., and B . D . iii. 153, n. 2 for further references. * From here to tow ards th e end of || 9 |j is alm ost word for word th e sam e as V i n . iii. 15 8 -16 3 ; translated a t B . D . i. 2 7 1 281. I giv e th e translation again in full here, b u t I h a v e n o t repeated th e notes, for w hich readers should refer to th e earlier volum e. E*

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to) t h a t w h ic h h a d b een d o n e. T h e n th is re a so n in g aro se in th e m in d o f th e v e n e ra b le D a b b a th e M a llia n as he w a s m e d ita t in g in so litu d e :z P e r fe c tio n w a s re a lise d b y m e se v e n y e a rs a fte r m y b irth . A ll t h a t sh o u ld b e a tta in e d b y a d iscip le h a s been fu lly a tta in e d b y m e ; fo r m e th e re is n o th in g fu rth e r to be d o n e, no in c re a se t o (be a d d e d to) th a t w h ic h h a s b e en d one. N o w , w h a t s e rv ic e c o u ld I re n d e r th e O rd e r ? " T h e n it o c cu rre d to th e v e n e ra b le D a b b a th e M a llia n : " S u p p o se th a t I w ere to [74] a ssig n lo d g in g s t o th e O rd e r a n d issu e m e a ls ? '* Hi I I T h e n th e v e n e ra b le D a b b a th e M a llia n , e m e rg in g fro m his m e d ita tio n in th e e v e n in g , a p p r o a c h e d th e L o r d , h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d , h a v in g g re e te d th e L o rd , he sa t d o w n a t a re sp e c t fu l d ista n c e . A s h e w a s s ittin g a t a re sp e c tfu l distance:, th e v e n e ra b le D a b b a th e M a llia n s p o k e th u s to th e L o r d : N o w , L o rd , a s I w a s m e d ita tin g in so litu d e , th is re a so n in g a ro se in m y m in d : c . . . W h a t s e rv ic e c o u ld I re n d er th e O rd e r ? * T h e n , L o rd , it o c cu rre d to m e : ' S u p p o se I w e re to a ssig n lo d g in g s to th e O rd e r a n d issu e th e m ea ls ? ' I w a n t, L o r d , to a ssig n lo d g in g s to th e O rd e r a n d issue m e a ls / ' " I t is g o o d , it is g o o d , D a b b a . W e ll th e n , d o y o u , D a b b a , a ssig n lo d g in g s to th e O rd e r a n d issue m e a ls ." V e r y w e ll, L o r d ," th e v e n e r a b le D a b b a th e M allian a n sw e re d th e L o r d in a ssen t. || 2 || T h e n th e L o r d on th is o c ca sio n , in th is c o n n e c tio n , h a v in g g iv e n re a so n ed t a lk , a d d re sse d th e m o n k s, s a y in g : W e ll th e n , m o n k s, le t th e O rd e r a g re e u p o n D a b b a th e M a llia n as assig n e r o f lo d g in g s a n d issu e r o f m ea ls. A n d th u s , m o n k s, sh o u ld he b e a g re e d u p o n : F ir s t, D a b b a sh o u ld b e a s k e d ; h a v in g a s k e d h im , th e O rd e r sh o u ld b e in fo rm e d b y an e x p e r i en ced , c o m p e te n t m o n k , s a y in g : ' H o n o u re d sirs, le t th e O rd e r liste n to m e. I f it seem s r ig h t to th e O rd er, th e O rd e r m a y a g re e u p o n th e v e n e r a b le D a b b a th e M a llia n a s a ssig n e r o f lo d g in g s a n d issu e r o f m eals. T h is is th e m o tio n . H o n o u red sirs, le t th e O rd e r lis te n to m e. T h e O rd e r is a g re e in g u p o n th e v e n e ra b le D a b b a th e M a llia n a s a ssig n e r o f lo d g in g s a n d issu er o f m eals. I f th e a g re e m e n t u p o n th e v e n e ra b le D a b b a th e M allian a s a ssig n e r o f lo d g in g s a n d issu e r o f m e a ls
1 T h e story is g iv e n in brief outlin e a t T h a g A . i. 44.

C U L L A V A G G A IV 4-3-4] 99 is p le a sin g to th e v e n e ra b le ones, t h e y sh o u ld b e silen t ; he to w h o m it is n o t p le a sin g sh o u ld sp e a k . T h e v e n e ra b le D a b b a th e M allian is a g re e d u p o n b y th e O rd e r as a ssig n e r o f lo d g in g s a n d issu er o f m eals. I t is p le a sin g to th e O rd er, th e re fo re it is sile n t. T h u s d o I u n d e rsta n d th is / || 3 || A n d th e v e n e ra b le D a b b a th e M a llia n , (thus) a g re e d u p o n , a ssign ed lo d g in g s in th e sa m e p la c e fo r th o se m o n k s w h o b e lo n g ed to th e sam e c o m p a n y . F o r th o se m o n k s w h o k n e w th e S u tta n ta s he a ssig n e d lo d g in g s in t h e sa m e p la c e , th in k in g : T h e se w ill be a b le t o c h a n t o v e r th e S u tta n ta s to o n e a n o th e r. F o r th o se m o n k s w h o w ere e x p e r t in d isc ip lin e h e a ssign ed lo d g in g s in th e sa m e p la ce , th in k in g : T h e y w ill d ecid e u p o n d isc ip lin e to g e th e r / ' F o r th o se m o n k s w h o w ere ta lk e rs on dham m a h e a ssig n ed lo d g in g s in th e sa m e p la c e , th in k in g : T h e y w ill d iscu ss dham m a w ith one a n o th e r / F o r th o se m o n k s w h o w e re m u sers he a ssig n e d lo d g in g s in th e sam e p la ce , t h in k in g : " T h e y w ill n o t d is tu r b one a n o th e r . [75] F o r th o se m o n k s w h o w ere ta lk e rs on in fe rio r m a tte r s a n d w h o w ere a th le tic he a ssig n e d lo d g in g s a t th e sa m e p la ce , th in k in g : T h e se re v e re n d o n es w ill liv e a c c o rd in g t o th e ir p le a s u re . F o r th o se m o n k s w h o c a m e in la te a t n ig h t, h e , h a v in g a tta in e d th e c o n d itio n o f h e a t, a ssig n e d lo d g in g s b y th is lig h t. S o m u ch so, th a t th e m o n k s c a m e in la te a t n ig h t on p u rp o se, th in k in g : " W e w ill see a w o n d e r o f th e p s y c h ic p o te n c y o f th e v e n e ra b le D a b b a th e M a llia n . A n d th ese, h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d th e v e n e r a b le D a b b a th e M allian , sp o k e t h u s : R e v e r e n d D a b b a , assig n us lo d g in g s . T h e v e n e ra b le D a b b a th e M a llia n sp o k e th u s to th e m ; W h ere d o y o u r re v e ren ce s d esire th e m ? W h e re sh a ll I assign th e m ? T h e se ^monks) w o u ld q u o te a d is ta n t p la c e on p u rp o se, s a y in g : R e v e re n d D a b b a , assig n us lo d g in g s on th e V u ltu r e s ' P e a k ; y o u r re v e ren ce , assig n u s lo d g in g s on th e R o b b e r 's C liff; y o u r re v e ren ce , assign us lo d g in g s on th e slo p es o f Is ig ili H ill on th e B la c k R o c k ; y o u r re v e ren ce , a s s ig n u s lo d g in g s o n th e slopes o f V e b h a r a a t S a tta p a n n i C a v e ; y o u r re v e re n c e , a ssig n u s lo d g in g s in S lt a s W o o d on th e slo p es o f th e S n a k e P o o l ; y o u r re ve ren ce , assign u s lo d g in g s a t th e G o m a ta G le n ; y o u r reveren ce, a ssig n u s lo d g in g s a t th e T in d u k a G le n ; y o u r reveren ce, assign us lo d g in g s a t th e T a p o d a G le n ; y o u r r e v e r ence, assig n us lo d g in g s a t th e T a p o d a P a r k ; y o u r re ve ren ce ,

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a ssig n u s lo d g in g s a t J T v a k a s M a n g o G r o v e ; y o u r re v e ren ce , assign u s lo d g in g s a t M a d d a k u c c h i in th e d e e r - p a r k ." T h e v e n e ra b le D a b b a th e M u llia n , h a v in g a tta in e d th e c o n d itio n o f h e a t, w e n t in fro n t o f th e s e (m onks) w ith h is fin g er g lo w in g , a n d t h e y b y th is lig h t w e n t b e h in d th e v e n e ra b le D a b b a th e M a llia n . T h e v e n e r a b le D a b b a th e M a llia n a ssig n e d th e m lo d g in g s th u s : " T h is is th e c o u ch , th is th e c h a ir, th is th e m a ttre s s , th is th e s q u a ttin g m a t, th is a p r iv y , t h a t a p r iv y , th is th e d rin k in g w a te r , th is th e w a te r fo r w a s h in g , th is th e s ta ff, th is is (th e fo rm of) th e O r d e r 's a g re e m e n t, th is is th e tim e it sh o u ld b e e n te r e d u p o n , th is th e tim e it sh o u ld b e d e p a r te d fr o m ." T h e v e n e r a b le D a b b a th e M a llia n , h a v in g a ssig n e d lo d g in g s t o th e s e , w e n t b a c k a g a in to th e B a m b o o G r o v e . || 4 || N o w a t t h a t tim e m o n k s w h o w e re th e fo llo w e rs o f M e ttiy a a n d B h u m m a ja k a w e re n e w ly o rd a in e d a n d o f lit t le m e rit ; t h e y o b ta in e d w h a te v e r in fe rio r lo d g in g s b e lo n g e d to th e O rd e r a n d in fe rio r m e a ls. A t t h a t tim e p e o p le in R a ja g a h a [76] w a n te d t o g iv e th e m o n k s w h o w e re eld ers a lm s fo o d 1 h a v in g a s p e c ia lly g o o d se a so n in g , a n d g h e e a n d o il a n d d a in tie s. B u t t o th e m o n k s w h o w e re fo llo w e rs o f M e ttiy a a n d B h u m m a ja k a t h e y g a v e su fficien t o r d in a r y fo o d , b ro k e n rice a c co m p a n ie d b y so u r gruel. T h e se , on r e tu rn in g fro m a lm s -g a th e rin g a fte r th e ir m e a l, a sk e d th e m o n k s w h o w e re e l d e r s : W h a t d id y o u , y o u r re v e re n c e s, g e t a t th e r e fe c to r y ? W h a t d id y o u ? " S o m e e ld e rs sp o k e t h u s : " T h e r e w a s g h e e fo r u s, y o u r re v e ren ce s, th e re w a s o il fo r us, th e r e w e re d a in tie s fo r u s ." B u t th e m o n k s w h o w e re fo llo w e r s o f M e t t iy a a n d B h u m m a ja k a sp o k e th u s : T h e r e w a s n o th in g fo r us, y o u r re v e re n c e s, e x c e p t su ffic ie n t o r d in a r y fo o d , b r o k e n rice a c c o m p a n ie d b y so u r g r u e l." || 5 (| N o w a t th a t tim e a h o u se h o ld e r w h o h a d n ice fo o d g a v e th e O rd e r in c o n tin u o u s fo o d s u p p ly m e a ls c o n sistin g o f fo u r in g re d ie n ts.3 H e , w ith h is w ife a n d c h ild re n , a tte n d e d a n d se rv e d in th e re fe c to r y . T h e y o ffe red b o ile d rice to so m e (m o n ks),
1 A lm s f o o d , p ip $ a p a ta t is o m i t t e d a t V i n . ii. 7 7 a b o v e , b u t o c c u r s a t V i n . iii. 16 0 . * A t A . i. 1 4 5 c a l l e d f o o d g i v e n t o s e r v a n t s . * A m e a l f o r f o u r m o n k s " a t B . D . i. 2 7 6 s h o u ld b e c o r r e c t e d t o t h e a b o v e r e n d e r in g .

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th e y o ffered c u r r y to o th ers, t h e y o ffe red o il to o th ers, t h e y offered d a in tie s to o th e rs. N o w a t t h a t tim e a m e a l g iv e n b y th e h o u seh o ld er w h o h a d n ice fo o d w a s a p p o rtio n e d fo r th e fo llo w in g d a y to th e m o n k s w h o w ere fo llo w e rs o f M e ttiy a a n d B h u m m a ja k a . T h e n th e h o u seh o ld er w h o h a d n ic e fo o d w e n t to th e m o n a s te ry on so m e b u sin ess o r o th e r a n d a p p ro a c h e d th e v e n e ra b le D a b b a th e M a llia n ; h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d , h a v in g g re e te d th e v e n e ra b le D a b b a th e M a llia n , h e sa t d o w n a t a re sp e c tfu l d ista n c e . A s th e h o u seh o ld er w h o h a d n ice fo o d w a s s ittin g d o w n a t a re sp e c tfu l d ista n c e , th e v e n e ra b le D a b b a th e M a llia n d e lig h te d , re jo ic e d , ro u sed , g la d d e n e d h im w ith t a lk on dham m a . T h e n w h e n th e h o u seh o ld er w h o h a d n ice fo o d h a d b een d e lig h te d - - . g la d d e n e d b y th e v e n e ra b le D a b b a th e M a llia n w ith t a lk on dham m a , h e sp o k e th u s to th e v e n e r a b le D a b b a th e M a llia n : F o r w h o m , h o n o u re d sir, is th e m ea l a p p o rtio n e d fo r to m o rro w in m y h o u se ? " H o u se h o ld e r, th e m e a l a p p o rtio n e d in y o u r h o u se fo r to m o rro w is fo r m o n k s w h o a re fo llo w e rs o f M e ttiy a a n d B h u m m a j a k a .' T h e n th e h o u se h o ld e r w h o h a d n ice fo o d w a s s o rry a n d s a id : " W h y sh o u ld th e se d e p r a v e d m o n k s e n jo y th e m s e lv e s in m y h o u se ? A n d h a v in g g o n e to h is h o u se he e n jo in e d a s la v e w o m a n , s a y in g : H a v in g p re p a re d a se a t in th e p o rch fo r th o s e w h o c o m e to e a t to -m o rro w ,9 s e rv e th e m w ith b ro k e n rice a c co m p a n ie d b y so u r g r u e l. " V e r y w ell, m a s te r , th e w o m a n -s la v e a n sw e re d to th e h o u se h o ld e r w h o h a d n ice fo o d , in a sse n t. [| 6 || T h e n t h e m o n k s w h o w e r e f o llo w e r s o f M e t t i y a a n d B h u m m a ja k a sa id to one a n o th e r : " Y e s te r d a y , y o u r r e v e r ences, a m e a l w a s a p p o rtio n e d to u s b y th e h o u seh o ld er w h o h a s n ice fo o d . T o -m o rro w th e h o u seh o ld er w h o h a s n ic e fo o d a tte n d in g w ith h is w ife a n d c h ild re n , w ill s e rv e u*. T h e y w ill o ffer b o ile d rice to so m e , t h e y w ill o ffer c u r r y to o th e rs, [77] th e y w ill o ffe r o il t o o th e rs, t h e y w ill o ffe r d a in tie s to o th e r s . * T h ese, b e ca u se o f th e ir h a p p in e ss, d id n o t sleep t h a t n ig h t a s m u ch a s e x p e c te d . T h e n t h e m o n k s w h o w e r e f o llo w e r s o f M e t t i y a a n d B h u m m a ja k a , d ressin g in th e m o rn in g a n d ta k in g th e ir b o w ls a n d ro b es, a p p ro a c h e d th e d w e llin g o f th e h o u seh o ld er w h o h a d n ice fo o d . T h a t w o m a n -s la v e s a w th e m o n k s w h o w ere

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fo llo w ers o f M e ttiy a a n d B h u m m a ja k a c o m in g fro m a f a r ; se e in g th e m , h a v in g p re p a re d a s e a t in th e p o rc h , sh e sa id to th e m o n k s w h o w e re fo llo w e rs o f M e ttiy a a n d B h u m m a ja k a : S it d o w n , h o n o u re d s ir s / ' T h e n it o c c u rre d to th e m o n k s w h o w ere fo llo w e rs o f M e ttiy a a n d B h u m m a ja k a : " B u t u n d o u b te d ly th e fo o d w ill n o t be r e a d y as w e a re m a d e to sit in th e p o r c h . T h e n th e w o m a n -s la v e c a m e u p w ith th e b ro k e n rice a c c o m p a n ie d b y so u r g ru e l. " E a t , h o n o u re d sirs, sh e sa id . " B u t , siste r, w e a re th o se w h o e n jo y a c o n tin u o u s s u p p ly o f fo o d . " I k n o w th a t th e m a ste rs e n jo y a c o n tin u o u s s u p p ly o f fo o d . B u t o n ly y e s te r d a y I w a s e n jo in e d b y th e h o u se h o ld e r : * H a v in g p re p a re d a se a t in th e p o rc h fo r th o se w h o co m e fo r a m eal to -m o rro w , se rv e th e m w ith b ro k e n rice a c c o m p a n ie d b y so u r g r u e l/ E a t , h o n o u re d s irs, she sa id . T h e n t h e m o n k s w h o w e r e f o llo w e r s o f M e t t i y a a n d B h u m m a ja k a th o u g h t : " Y e s t e r d a y , y o u r re v e re n c e s, th e h o u seh o ld er w h o h a s n ic e fo o d w e n t to D a b b a th e M a llia n in th e m o n a ste ry . D o u b tle s s , D a b b a th e M a llia n h a s s e t th e h o u se h o ld e r a t v a r ia n c e w ith u s . T h e se (m o n ks), on a c c o u n t o f th e ir d istre ss, d id n o t e a t a s m u c h a s e x p e c te d . T h e n t h e m o n k s w h o w e r e f o llo w e r s o f M e t t i y a a n d B h u m m a ja k a , re tu rn in g fro m a lm s -g a th e rin g a fte r th e m eal, h a v in g a r r iv e d a t th e m o n a s te ry , h a v in g p u t a w a y th e ir b o w ls a n d ro b es, s a t d o w n o u tsid e th e g a t e w a y o f th e m o n a s te ry , s q u a ttin g a g a in s t th e ir o u te r c lo a k s , sile n t, a b a sh e d , th e ir sh o u ld ers b e n t, th e ir h e a d s lo w ere d , b ro o d in g , sp eech less. || 7 || T h e n th e n u n M e ttiy a a p p ro a c h e d th e m o n k s w h o w e re fo llo w e rs o f M e ttiy a a n d B h u m m a ja k a ; h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d , sh e sp o k e th u s to th e m o n k s w h o w ere fo llo w e rs o f M e ttiy a a n d B h u m m a ja k a ; " I s a lu te y o u , m a s te r s . W h e n sh e h a d sp o k e n th u s , th e m o n k s w h o w e re fo llo w e rs o f M e ttiy a a n d B h u m m a ja k a d id n o t re sp o n d . A se co n d tim e . . . A th ird tim e th e m o n k s w h o w e re fo llo w e rs o f M e ttiy a a n d B h u m m a ja k a d id n o t re sp o n d . D o I o ffen d a g a in s t th e m a ste rs ? W h y d o th e m a ste rs n o t re sp o n d to m e ? sh e sa id . I t is b e cau se y o u , siste r, n e g le c te d u s w h e n w e w e re b e in g g o t in to d iffic u ltie s b y D a b b a th e M a llia n . W h a t c a n I d o, m a ste rs ? sh e said .

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" I f y o u w o u ld lik e , siste r, th is v e r y d a y y o u co u ld m a k e th e L o rd e x p e l D a b b a th e M a llia n . W h a t ca n I d o , m a ste rs ? H o w a m I a b le to d o t h a t ? Y o u co m e, sister, a p p ro a c h th e L o rd ; h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d , s a y to th e L o rd : [78] ' N o w , L o rd , it is n o t p ro p er, it is n o t b e c o m in g th a t th is q u a r te r w h ic h sh o u ld be w ith o u t fea r, secu re, w ith o u t d a n g e r, is th e v e r y q u a r te r w h ic h is fu ll o f fe a r, in secu re, fu ll o f d a n g er. W h e re th e re w a s a ca lm , n o w th ere is a g a le . I t seem s th e v e r y w a te r is b la z in g . I h a v e been a ss a u lte d b y m a ste r D a b b a th e M a llia n .' V e r y w e ll, m a ste rs, a n d th e n u n M e ttiy a h a v in g an sw ered th e m o n k s w h o w e re fo llo w e rs o f M e ttiy a a n d B h u m m a ja k a in assen t, a p p ro a c h e d th e L o rd ; h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d , h a v in g g re e te d th e L o rd , she sto o d a t a re s p e c tfu l d is ta n c e . A s she w a s sta n d in g a t a re sp e c tfu l d ista n c e , th e n u n M e ttiy a sp o k e th u s to th e L o r d : N o w , L o rd , it is n o t p ro p e r . . . I h a v e b een a ss a u lte d b y m a ste r D a b b a th e M a llia n . || 8 | | T h e n th e L o rd , on th is o cca sio n , in th is co n n e ctio n , h a v in g h a d th e O rd er o f m o n k s c o n v e n e d , q u e stio n e d th e v e n e ra b le D a b b a th e M a llia n , s a y in g : D o y o u , D a b b a , re m em b er d o in g a s th is n u n s a y s ? L o rd , th e L o rd k n o w s in re g a rd to m e . A n d a seco n d tim e . . , A n d a th ird tim e . . . L o rd , th e L o rd k n o w s in re ga rd to m e . D a b b a , th e D a b b a s do n o t g iv e e v a s iv e a n sw ers lik e t h a t .1 I f w h a t w a s d o n e w a s d on e b y y o u , s a y so ; if it w a s n o t done (b y y o u ), s a y it w a s n o t . " S in ce I , L o rd , w a s b o rn , I c a n n o t c a ll to m in d e v e r in d u lg in g in s e x u a l in te rc o u rse e v e n in a d rea m , m u c h less so w h en I w a s a w a k e . T h e n th e L o r d a d d re sse d th e m o n k s, s a y in g : W e ll th e n , m o n k s, e x p e l th e n u n M e ttiy a , a n d ta k e th ese m onk^ to t a s k . H a v in g sp o k e n th u s , th e L o rd , risin g fro m his se a t, e n te re d a d w e llin g -p la ce . T h e n th e se m o n k s e x p e lle d th e n u n M e ttiy a . T h e n th e m o n k s w h o w e re fo llo w e rs o f M e ttiy a a n d B h u m m a ja k a sp o k e th u s to th ese m o n k s : Y o u r re ve ren ce s, d o n o t e x p e l th e n u n M e ttiy a ; in n o w a y h a s sh e o ffen d ed ; sh e w as
1 Q uoted T h a g A . 1. 45, w hich explains dabbo as drabyot bhabbo (w ith a number of v. IL).

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u rg e d on b y u s b e c a u s e w e w e re a n g r y , d isp le a se d a n d w a n te d h im o u t o f th e w a y . B u t a re n o t y o u , y o u r re v e re n c e s, d e fa m in g th e v e n e ra b le D a b b a th e M a llia n w ith a n u n fo u n d e d c h a rg e o f fa llin g a w a y fro m m o ra l h a b it ? Y e s , y o u r r e v e r e n c e s ." T h o s e w h o w e re m o d e st m o n k s lo o k e d d o w n u p o n , c r itic is e d , sp re a d it a b o u t, s a y in g : H o w c a n th e se m o n k s w h o a re fo llo w e rs o f M e ttiy a a n d B h u m m a ja k a d e fa m e th e v e n e r a b le D a b b a th e M a llia n w ith a n u n fo u n d e d c h a rg e o f fa llin g a w a y fro m m o ra l h a b it ? T h e n th e se m o n k s to ld th is m a tte r t o th e L o rd . H e sa id : " Is it tru e , a s is sa id , m o n k s , t h a t th e m o n k s w h o a re fo llo w e rs o f M e ttiy a a n d B h u m m a ja k a d e fa m e d D a b b a th e M a llia n w ith a n u n fo u n d e d c h a r g e o f fa llin g a w a y fro m m o ra l h a b it ? I t is tru e , L o r d ." H a v in g r e b u k e d th e m , h a v in g g iv e n re a so n e d ta lk , he a d d re sse d th e m o n k s, s a y in g : |[ 9 || W e ll th e n , m o n k s, le t th e O rd e r g iv e a v e r d ic t o f in n o c e n c e 2 to D a b b a th e M a llia n w h o h a s re m e m b e re d f u ll y .3 A n d th u s, [79] m o n k s, sh o u ld it b e g iv e n : M o n k s, D a b b a th e M a llia n , h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d th e O rd e r, h a v in g a rra n g e d h is u p p e r ro b e o v e r one sh o u ld er, h a v in g h o n o u re d th e fe e t o f th e sen io r m o n k s, h a v in g sa t d o w n on h is h a u n c h e s , h a v in g s a lu te d w ith jo in e d p a lm s , sh o u ld s p e a k th u s to it : H o n o u red sirs, th ese m o n k s, fo llo w e rs o f M e ttiy a a n d B h u m m a ja k a , d e fa m e d m e w ith a n u n fo u n d e d c h a rg e o f fa llin g a w a y fro m m o ra l h a b it. B u t I , h o n o u re d sirs, h a v in g re m e m b e re d fu lly , a s k th e O rd er fo r a v e r d ic t o f in n o c e n c e .' A n d a se co n d tim e it sh o u ld be a s k e d fo r . . . A n d a th ir d tim e it sh o u ld b e a sk e d f o r : H o n o u re d sirs, th e s e m o n k s w h o are fo llo w e rs o f M e ttiy a a n d B h u m m a ja k a d e fa m e d m e w ith a n u n fo u n d e d c h a rg e o f fa llin g a w a y fro m m o ra l h a b it. S o I , h o n o u re d sirs, h a v in g re m e m b e re d fu lly , fo r a th ir d tim e a s k th e O rd e r fo r a v e r d ic t o f in n o c e n c e / T h e O rd e r sh o u ld b e in fo rm e d b y an e x p e rie n c e d , c o m p e te n t m o n k , s a y in g : H o n o u re d sirs, le t th e O rd e r liste n
* A t S a n g h . V I I I . 1 . 9 h e is d e f a m e d w it h a n u n f o u n d e d c h a r g e in v o lv in g d e f e a t . T h e t w o v e r s io n s p r o c e e d d if f e r e n t ly a f t e r t h e e n d o f t h i s p a r a g r a p h . 1 s a tiv in a y a . S e e B . D . i i i . 1 5 3 , n . 3 . * S e e V i n . T e x t s i i i . 1 6 , n . 1 o n sa tiv e p u lla p a tta . T h i s m e a n s a r r i v e d a t (o r a t t a i n e d t o ) f u ln e s s o f m e m o r y t h u s o n e w h o s e c o n s c ie n c e is q u it e c le a n , a s a t V i n . T e x t s i i i . 1 6 . C f . b e l o w , I V . 27 .

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to m e. T h e se m o n k s w h o are fo llo w e rs o f M e ttiy a a n d B h u m m a ja k a d e fa m e d th e v e n e ra b le D a b b a th e M allian w ith a n u n fo u n d e d c h a rg e o f fa llin g a w a y fro m m o ra l h a b it. T h e v e n e ra b le D a b b a th e M a llia n , h a v in g re m em b ere d fu lly , is a s k in g th e O rd e r fo r a v e r d ic t o f in n o cen ce. I f it seem s rig h t to th e O rd er, th e O rd er m a y g iv e th e v e n e ra b le D a b b a th e M a llia n , w h o h a s rem em b ere d fu lly , a v e r d ic t o f in n o cen ce. T h is is th e m o tio n . H o n o u red sirs, le t th e O rd e r liste n to m e. T h e se m o n k s w h o a re fo llo w e rs o f M e ttiy a a n d B h u m m a ja k a . . . is a s k in g th e O rd e r fo r a v e r d ic t o f in n o cen ce . T h e O rd e r is g iv in g th e v e n e ra b le D a b b a th e M allian , w h o h a s rem em b ere d fu lly , a v e r d ic t o f in n o cen ce . I f th e g iv in g o f a v e r d ic t of in n o cen ce to th e v e n e ra b le D a b b a th e M a llia n , w h o h a s re m e m b e red fu lly , is p le a sin g to th e v e n e ra b le ones, t h e y sh o u ld b e sile n t ; h e to w h o m it is n o t p le a sin g sh o u ld sp e a k . A n d a se co n d tim e I s p e a k fo r th th is m a tte r . . . A n d a th ird tim e I s p e a k fo r th th is m a tte r . . . A v e r d ic t o f in n o cen ce is g iv e n b y th e O rd e r to th e v e n e ra b le D a b b a th e M a llia n , w h o h a s rem em b ere d fu lly . I t is p le a sin g to th e O rd er, th e re fo re it is sile n t. T h u s do I u n d e rs ta n d th is / || 10 || M o n k s, th e re are th e se fiv e le g a lly v a lid p ro p e rtie s in g iv in g a v e r d ic t o f in n o cen ce : if th e m o n k is p u re a n d w ith o u t o ffe n c e s ; a n d if t h e y re p ro a c h h im ; a n d i f h e a sk s ; if th e O rd e r g iv e s h im a v e r d ic t o f in n o cen ce ; if it is b y ru le , th e a s s e m b ly b e in g c o m p le te . T h e se , m o n k s, a re th e fiv e le g a lly v a lid p ro p e rtie s in g iv in g a v e r d ic t o f in n p c e n c e ." || x i |[ 4 |j N o w a t th a t tim e th e m o n k G a g g a 1 w a s m a d , o u t o f his m in d ,3 a n d w h ile h e w a s m a d , o u t o f h is m in d h e p e rp e tra te d m u ch a n d sp o k e in a w a y 3 t h a t w a s n o t w o r th y o f a reclu se. M onks re p ro v e d th e m o n k G a g g a b e cau se o f o ffe n ces d o n e (b y him ) w h ile he w a s m a d , o u t of h is m in d , s a y in g : " D o es th e v e n e r a b le one re m e m b e r h a v in g fa lle n in to a n o ffen ce lik e th is ? H e sp o k e th u s : I, [8Q] y o u r re v e ren ce s, w a s m a d , o u t o f m y m in d ; w h ile I w a s m a d , o u t o f m y m in d , m u c h w a s
1 T y p i f y i n g a m a d m o n k , a l s o a t V in . i. 1 2 3 . 9 c itta v ip a r iy d s a k a ta ; c f. ceta so v ip a r iy d s a a t A / , i i . 2 4 8 ; ' v ip a r iy a d ik a ta c itta a t T h a g . 1 8 4 , a n d v ip a r iy a tth a citta a t J d . v . 3 7 2 . F o r t h i s w h o l e p a s s a g e c f. A f , ii* 2 4 8 . * b h d sita p a rih a n ta . e v id e n t ly f a u lt y . S e e P E D . , u n d e r p a r ik a n ta . I t s a y s t h is p a s s a g e is

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p e r p e tr a te d a n d sp o k e n b y m e t h a t w a s n o t w o r t h y o f a reclu se. I d o n o t rem em b er th a t. T h a t w a s d on e b y m e w h ile I w as in sa n e .1 A lth o u g h b e in g sp o k e n to th u s b y h im , t h e y s till re p ro v e d h im , s a y in g : D o e s th e v e n e ra b le one re m em b er h a v in g fa llen in to an o ffe n ce lik e th is ? T h o se w h o w ere m o d e st m o n k s lo o k e d d o w n u p o n , c r itic is e d , sp re a d it a b o u t, s a y in g : H o w c a n th ese m o n k s re p ro v e th e m o n k G a g g a b e c a u se o f o ffen ces d o n e (b y him ) w h e n h e w a s m a d , o u t o f his m in d , s a y in g : ' D o e s th e v e n e ra b le one re m em b er h a v in g fa lle n in to a n o ffen ce lik e th is ? a n d he sp o k e th u s : I , y o u r re ve ren ce s, w a s m a d , o u t o f m y m in d ; w h ile I w a s m a d , o u t o f m y m in d , m u c h w a s p e r p e tr a te d a n d sp o k e n b y m e t h a t w a s n o t w o r th y o f a reclu se. I d o n o t re m e m b e r th a t. T h a t w a s d on e b y m e w h ile I w a s in s a n e / A n d a lth o u g h b e in g sp o k e n to b y him th u s , t h e y s till r e p ro v e d h im , s a y in g : D o e s th e v e n e ra b le o n e re m e m b e r h a v in g fa lle n in to an o ffen ce lik e th is ? ' T h e n th ese m o n k s to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : I s it tru e , a s is sa id , m o n k s . . . ? " I t is tru e , L o r d . H a v in g r e b u k e d th e m , h a v in g g iv e n re aso n ed ta lk , he a d d re sse d th e m o n k s , s a y in g : W e ll th e n , m o n k s, le t th e O rd e r g iv e a v e r d ic t o f p a s t in s a n ity 2 to th e m o n k G a g g a w h o is no lo n g e r in san e. || i |j A n d th u s, m o n k s, sh o u ld it b e g iv e n : M o n k s, t h a t m o n k G a g g a , h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d th e O rd er, h a v in g a rra n g e d his u p p er ro b e o v e r one sh o u ld e r, h a v in g h o n o u re d th e fe e t of th e sen io r m o n k s, h a v in g sa t d o w n o n h is h a u n c h e s, h a v in g ra ised his jo in e d p a lm s in s a lu ta tio n , sh o u ld s p e a k th u s to it : ' I , h o n o u re d sirs, w a s m a d , o u t o f m y m in d ; w h ile I w a s m a d , o u t o f m y m in d , I p e r p e tr a te d m u c h a n d s p o k e in a w a y th a t w a s n o t w o r th y o f a re clu se . M o n k s re p ro v e d m e b e c a u s e of o ffen ces d o n e ( b y m e) w h ile I w a s m a d , o u t o f m y m in d , s a y in g : D o e s th e v e n e ra b le o n e re m em b er h a v in g fa lle n in to an o ffen ce lik e th is ? S o I s p o k e th u s : I , y o u r r e v e r en ces, w a s m a d , o u t o f m y m in d . W h ile I w as m a d , o u t of m y m in d , m u c h w a s p e r p e tr a te d a n d sp o k e n (b y me) th a t w a s n o t w o r th y o f a reclu se. I d o n o t re m e m b e r th a t. T h a t w a s d o n e b y m e w h ile I w a s in sa n e . A n d e v e n a lth o u g h t h e y w ere sp o k e n to th u s b y m e, t h e y s till re p ro v e d m e, s a y in g : D o e s
1 tn u lh a , a s t r a y , e r r in g . 3 a tn u lh a v in a y a . C f . V i n . i v . 2 0 7 (B . D . iii. 1 5 3 , n . 4 ).

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th e v e n e ra b le o n e re m em b er h a v in g fa lle n in to a n o ffen ce lik e th is ? S o I , h o n o u re d sirs, no lo n g e r in sa n e , a m a s k in g th e O rd er fo r a v e r d ic t of p a s t in s a n ity / A n d a se co n d tim e it sh o u ld b e a s k e d fo r . . . A n d a th ir d tim e i t sh o u ld be a sk e d fo r, s a y in g : f I , h o n o u re d sirs, w a s m a d . . . e v e n a th ird tim e a m I a s k in g th e O rd e r fo r a v e r d ic t o f p a s t in s a n ity / T h e O rd er sh o u ld b e in fo rm e d b y an e x p e rie n c e d , c o m p e te n t m o n k , s a y in g : ' H o n o u re d sirs, le t th e O rd e r liste n to m e. T h is m o n k G a g g a w a s m a d , o u t o f h is m in d . W h ile he w a s m a d , o u t of h is m in d , m u ch w a s p e rp e tra te d a n d sp o k e n (b y him ) th a t w a s n o t w o r th y o f a reclu se. M o n k s re p ro v e d th e m o n k G a g g a fo r o ffen ces d o n e (b y him ) w h ile h e w a s m ad , o u t o f his m in d , s a y in g : " D o es th e v e n e ra b le one re m e m b e r . . . ? He sp o k e th u s : I, h o n o u re d sirs, [81] d o n o t re m em b er . . . T h is w a s d on e b y m e w h ile I w a s in sa n e . E v e n on b e in g sp o k en to b y h im th u s , t h e y s till re p ro v e d h im , s a y in g : D o es th e v e n e ra b le one re m em b er h a v in g fa lle n in to a n o ffen ce lik e th u s ? H e , no lo n g e r in sa n e , is a s k in g th e O rd er fo r a v e rd ic t o f p a s t in s a n ity . I f it seem s rig h t to th e O rd er, th e O rd er m a y g iv e th e m o n k G a g g a , w h o is no lo n g e r in sa n e, a v e r d ic t o f p a s t in s a n ity . T h is is th e m o tio n . H o n o u re d sirs, le t th e O rd e r liste n to m e. T h is m o n k G a g g a . . . is a s k in g th e O rd e r fo r a v e r d ic t o f p a s t in s a n ity . I f th e g iv in g o f a v e r d ic t o f p a s t in s a n ity to th e m o n k G a g g a w h o is no lo n g e r in sa n e is p le a sin g to th e v e n e ra b le ones, t h e y sh o u ld b e sile n t ; he to w h o m it is n o t p le a sin g sh o u ld s p e a k . . . A n d a th ird tim e I s p e a k fo rth th is m a tte r. A v e r d ic t o f p a s t in s a n ity is g iv e n b y th e O rd er t o th e m o n k G a g g a w h o is n o lo n g e r in sa n e . I t is p le a s in g to th e O rd er, th e re fo re it is sile n t. T h u s do I u n d e rsta n d th is / || 2 |[ 5 || M on ks, th e re a re th e se th re e n o t le g a lly v a lid p ro p e rties in g iv in g a v e rd ic t o f p a s t in s a n ity , th re e t h a t a re le g a lly v a lid . W h a t are th e th re e p ro p e rtie s t h a t a re n o t le g a lly v a lid in g iv in g a v e r d ic t o f p a st in s a n ity ? T h is is a ca se , m o n k s, w h ere a m o n k h a s fa lle n in to a n o ffen ce. T h e O rd e r o r se v e ra l (m onks) o r one in d iv id u a l re p ro v e s h im fo r it, s a y in g : ' D o es th e v e n e ra b le o n e re m em b er h a v in g fa lle n in to an o ffen ce lik e th is ? I f he, a lth o u g h rem em b erin g , sp e a k s th u s : 1 do n o t, y o u r reveren ces, re m em b er h a v in g fa lle n in to an o ffen ce lik e

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t h a t / a n d if th e O rd e r g iv e s h im a v e r d ic t o f p a s t in s a n ity , th e g iv in g o f th e v e r d ic t o f p a s t in s a n ity is n o t le g a lly v a lid . " T h is is a c a se , m o n k s, w h e re a m o n k h a s fa lle n in to an o ffen ce . . . D o e s th e v e n e ra b le o n e re m e m b e r h a v in g fa llen in to an o ffen ce lik e th is ? 1 I f h e , a lth o u g h re m em b erin g , sp ea k s th u s : * I , y o u r re v e re n c e s, re m e m b e r it a s th o u g h fro m a d re a m / a n d i f th e O rd e r g iv e s h im a v e r d ic t o f p a s t in s a n ity , th e g iv in g o f th e v e r d ic t o f p a s t in s a n ity is n o t le g a lly v a lid . " T h i s is a ca se , m o n k s, w h e re a m o n k h a s fa lle n in to an o ffen ce . . . * D o e s th e v e n e ra b le one re m e m b e r h a v in g fa lle n in to a n o ffen ce lik e th is ? ' I f h e , a lth o u g h n o t m a d , p re te n d s t o b e m a d , s a y in g : I a c t th u s, d o y o u a lso a c t th u s, th is is a llo w a b le fo r m e , a n d it is also a llo w a b le fo r y o u / a n d if th e O rd e r g iv e s h im a v e r d ic t o f p a s t in s a n ity , th e g iv in g o f th e v e rd ic t o f p a s t in s a n ity is n o t le g a lly v a lid . T h e se th re e p ro p e rtie s in g iv in g a v e r d ic t o f p a s t in s a n ity a re n o t le g a lly v a lid . || i || W h a t a re th e th re e p ro p e rtie s in g iv in g a v e r d ic t o f p a s t in s a n ity t h a t are le g a lly v a lid ? T h is is a ca se , m o n k s, w h e re a m o n k is m a d , o u t o f h is m in d . W h ile h e is m a d , o u t o f h is m in d , h e p e rp e tra te s m u c h a n d s p e a k s in a w a y t h a t is n o t w o r th y o f a re clu se . A n O rd e r o r se v e ra l (m onks) o r o n e in d i v id u a l re p ro v e s h im fo r it, s a y in g : * D o e s th e v e n e ra b le one re m em b er h a v in g fa lle n in to an o ffen ce lik e th is ? ' I f he, n o t rem em b erin g , sp e a k s th u s : I d o n o t, y o u r re v e re n c e s, re m e m b e r h a v in g fa lle n in to a n o ffe n ce lik e t h a t / a n d if th e O rd er g iv e s h im a v e r d ic t o f p a s t in s a n ity , th e g iv in g o f th e v e r d ic t o f p a s t in s a n ity is le g a lly v a lid . " T h is is a ca se , m o n k s, w h e re a m o n k is m a d , [82] . . . D o e s th e v e n e ra b le o n e re m em b er h a v in g fa lle n in to an offen ce lik e th is ? ' I f he, n o t re m e m b e rin g , sp e a k s th u s : I, y o u r re v e re n c e s, re m e m b e r a s th o u g h fro m a d r e a m / a n d if th e O rd e r g iv e s h im a v e r d ic t o f p a s t in s a n ity , th e g iv in g o f th e v e r d ic t o f p a s t in s a n ity is le g a lly v a lid . " T h is is a ca se , m o n k s, w h ere a m o n k is m a d . . . ' D o es th e v e n e ra b le one re m e m b e rs h a v in g fa lle n in to a n o ffe n ce lik e th is ? * I f h e is m a d a n d p re te n d s to be m a d a n d sa y s, ' I a c t th u s , d o y o u also a c t th u s , th is is a llo w a b le fo r m e, it is also a llo w a b le fo r y o u / a n d i f th e O rd e r g iv e s h im a v e r d ic t o f p a st in s a n ity , th e g iv in g o f th e v e r d ic t o f p a s t in s a n ity is le g a lly

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v a lid . T h e se th re e p ro p e rtie s in g iv in g a in s a n ity are le g a lly v a lid ." || 2 I| 6 jj

v e rd ic t o f p a st

N o w a t th a t tim e th e g ro u p o f s ix m o n k s ca rrie d o u t (form al) a c ts of cen su re a n d g u id a n c e a n d b a n ish m e n t a n d re co n c ilia tio n a n d su sp en sio n a g a in s t m o n k s w ith o u t th e ir a c k n o w le d g m e n t.1 T h o se w h o w ere m o d e st m o n k s . . . sp rea d it a b o u t, s a y in g : H o w ca n th is g ro u p o f s ix m o n k s c a r r y o u t (form al) a c ts o f cen su re a n d . . . su sp en sio n a g a in s t m o n k s w ith o u t th e ir a c k n o w le d g m e n t ? T h e n th e se m o n k s to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e s a i d : " I s it tr u e a s is said , m o n k s ? " I t is tru e , L o r d / ' H a v in g re b u k e d th e m , h a v in g g iv e n reaso n ed t a lk , he a d d re sse d th e m o n k s, s a y in g : M o n k s, a (form al) a c t o f cen su re o r o f g u id a n c e o r o f b a n ish m e n t o r o f re co n c ilia tio n o r o f su sp en sio n sh o u ld n o t b e ca rrie d o u t a g a in s t a m o n k w ith o u t h is a c k n o w le d g m e n t. W h o e v e r sh o u ld (so) c a r r y (one) o u t, th e re is a n o ffen ce o f w ro n g d o in g . || 7 || M o n k s, th e c a r r y in g o u t (of a fo rm a l a ct) on th e a c k n o w le d g m en t o f (a m o n k) is n o t le g a lly v a lid th u s , it is le g a lly v a lid th u s . A n d h o w , m o n k s, is th e c a r r y in g o u t on th e a c k n o w le d g m e n t n o t le g a lly v a lid ? A m o n k co m es to h a v e fa lle n in to a n o ffe n ce in v o lv in g d e fe a t. T h e O rd e r o r se v e ra l (m onks) o r o n e in d iv id u a l re p ro v e s h im fo r it , s a y in g ; * T h e v e n e ra b le one h a s fa lle n in to an o ffen ce in v o lv in g d e fe a t/ I f he sp e a k s th u s : * I h a v e n o t, y o u r re v e re n c e s, fa lle n in to an o ffen ce in v o lv in g d e fe a t, I h a v e fa lle n in to a n o ffen ce e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e tin g o f th e O rd e r/ a n d if th e O rd e r h a s h im d e a lt w ith fo r an o ffen ce e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e tin g o f th e O rd er, th e c a r ry in g o u t on th e a c k n o w le d g m e n t is n o t le g a lly v a lid . A m o n k co m es to h a v e fa lle n in to an o ffen ce in v o lv in g d e fe a t . . . I f h e sp ea k s th u s : * I h a v e n o t, y o u r re ve ren ce s, fa lle n in to a n o ffe n ce in v o lv in g d e fe a t, I h a v e fa lle n in to a g r a v e o ffen ce, in to a n o ffen ce in v o lv in g e x p ia tio n , in to an
1 I .e . o f t h e ir o ffe n c e : 2 0 7 ( B . D . i i i . 1 5 3 , n . 5)a p a tin n d y a . C f . p a t in n d y a karetabbatjt a t V i n . i v .

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o ffen ce w h ic h o u g h t to b e co n fe sse d , in to a n o ffen ce o f w ro n g d o in g , in to an o ffe n ce o f w ro n g s p e e c h / a n d if th e O rd e r h as h im d e a lt w ith fo r a n o ffen ce o f w ro n g sp ee ch , th e c a r r y in g o u t on th e a c k n o w le d g m e n t is n o t le g a lly v a lid . " A m o n k co m es to h a v e fa lle n in to a n o ffen ce e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e tin g o f th e O rd e r . . . in to a g r a v e o ffen ce, in to a n o ffe n ce in v o lv in g e x p ia tio n , in to a n o ffe n ce w h ic h o u g h t t o be co n fe sse d , in to a n o ffe n ce o f w ro n g -d o in g , in to a n p ffe n ce o f w ro n g sp e e c h . T h e O rd e r or s e v e ra l (m onks) o r o n e in d i v id u a l re p ro v e s h im fo r it, s a y in g : T h e v e n e ra b le o n e [ 83] h a s fa lle n in to a n o ffen ce o f w ro n g s p e e c h / I f h e sp e a k s th u s : I h a v e n o t, y o u r re v e re n c e s, fa lle n in to a n o ffe n ce o f w ro n g sp e e c h , I h a v e fa lle n in to a n o ffe n ce in v o lv in g d e fe a t/ a n d if th e O rd e r h a s h im d e a lt w ith fo r a n o ffen ce in v o lv in g d e fe a t, th e c a r r y in g o u t o n th e a c k n o w le d g m e n t is n o t le g a lly v a lid . A m o n k co m es t o h a v e fa lle n in to a n o ffen ce o f w r o n g sp e e c h . . . I f h e s p e a k s th u s : 1 I h a v e n o t, y o u r re v e re n c e s, fa lle n in to a n o ffe n c e o f w ro n g sp ee ch , I h a v e fa lle n in to a g r a v e o ffe n c e , in to a n o ffe n ce e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e tin g o f th e O rd e r . . . in to a n o ffen ce in v o lv in g e x p ia tio n , in to a n o ffe n ce w h ic h o u g h t t o be co n fe sse d , in to a n o ffen ce o f w ro n g d o in g / a n d if th e O rd e r h a s h im d e a lt w ith fo r a n o ffe n ce o f w ro n g -d o in g , th e c a r r y in g o u t on th e a c k n o w le d g m e n t is n o t le g a lly v a lid . j| x || A n d h o w , m o n k s , is th e c a r r y in g o u t o n th e a c k n o w le d g m e n t le g a lly v a lid ? A m o n k co m e s to h a v e fa lle n in to a n o ffe n ce in v o lv in g d e fe a t. T h e O rd e r o r se v e ra l (m onks) o r one in d iv id u a l re p ro v e s h im fo r it, s a y in g : T h e v e n e ra b le o n e h a s fa lle n in to a n o ffen ce in v o lv in g d e fe a t/ I f h e sp e a k s th u s : ' Y e s , y o u r re v e re n c e s, I h a v e fa lle n in to a n o ffe n ce in v o lv in g d e fe a t/ a n d if th e O rd e r h a s h im d e a lt w ith fo r a n o ffen ce in v o lv in g d e fe a t, th e c a r r y in g o u t on th e a c k n o w le d g m e n t is le g a lly v a lid . A m o n k co m es to h a v e fa lle n in to a n o ffen ce e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e tin g o f th e O rd e r . . . in to a g r a v e o ffen ce * . . in to a n o ffen ce o f w ro n g sp e e c h . . . I f h e s p e a k s th u s : Y e s , y o u r re ve ren ce s, I h a v e fa lle n in to an o ffen ce o f w ro n g sp e e c h / a n d if th e O rd e r h a s h im d e a lt w ith fo r a n o ffen ce o f w ro n g sp ee ch , th e c a r r y in g o u t o n th e a c k n o w le d g m e n t is le g a lly v a lid / * || 2 (I 8 ||

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N o w a t th a t tim e m o n k s w ere s tr iv in g , q u a rrellin g , d is p u t in g in th e m id st o f a n O rd er, t h e y w ere w o u n d in g one a n o th e r w ith th e w e a p o n s o f th e to n g u e ; t h e y w ere u n a b le to s e ttle th a t le g a l q u e stio n . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : I a llo w y o u m o n k s, to s e ttle th is k in d o f le g a l q u e stio n b y th e d ecisio n o f th e m a jo r it y / 1 A m o n k po ssessed o f fiv e q u a litie s sh o u ld b e a g re e d u p o n a s d is tr ib u to r o f (votin g) tic k e ts 2 : one w h o w o u ld n o t fo llo w a w ro n g co u rse th ro u g h fa v o u ritis m , w h o w o u ld n o t fo llo w a w ro n g co u rse th ro u g h h a tre d . . . th ro u g h s tu p id ity . . th ro u g h fe a r, w h o w o u ld k n o w w h a t is ta k e n a n d w h a t is n o t .3 A n d th u s, m o n k s, sh o u ld h e be a g re e d u p o n : F ir s t a m o n k sh o u ld be a sk e d . H a v in g a sk e d h im , th e O rd er sh o u ld b e in fo rm e d b y a n e x p e rie n c e d , c o m p e te n t m o n k , s a y in g : H o n o u re d sirs, le t th e O rd e r liste n to m e. I f it seem s rig h t t o th e O rd e r, th e O rd e r sh o u ld a g ree u p o n th e m o n k S o -a n d -so a s d is tr ib u to r o f (vo tin g) tic k e ts . T h is is th e m o tio n . H o n o u re d sirs, le t th e O rd e r liste n to m e. T h e O rd e r is a g re e in g u p o n th e m o n k S o -a n d -so as d is tr ib u to r o f (votin g) tic k e ts . I f th e a g re e m e n t u p o n th e m o n k S o -a n d -so a s d is tr ib u to r o f (vo tin g) tic k e ts is p le a sin g to th e v e n e ra b le ones, t h e y sh o u ld b e sile n t ; h e to w h o m it is h o t p le a sin g sh o u ld sp e a k . T h e m o n k S o -a n d -so is a g re e d u p o n b y th e O rd er as d is trib u to r o f (vo tin g) tic k e ts . I t is p le a sin g to th e O rd e r ; th e re fo re it is silen t. T h u s d o I u n d e rsta n d th is / |j 9 || [84] " M o n k s, th e re a re te n d is trib u tio n s o f (vo tin g ) tic k e ts th a t a re n o t le g a lly v a lid , te n th a t a re le g a lly v a lid . W h a t are th e te n d is trib u tio n s o f (vo tin g ) tic k e ts t h a t a re n o t le g a lly v a lid ? W h e n th e le g a l q u e stio n is o n ly triflin g , a n d w h e n it h a s n o t g o n e it s co u rse ,4 a n d w h e n it is n o t re m e m b e re d o r c a u se d to be re m e m b e re d ,5 a n d w h e n h e k n o w s th a t th o se w h o p ro fess n o n -dham m a a re m o re (in n u m b er), w h e n h e e v e n th in k s th a t th o se w h o p ro fe ss n o n -dham m a m a y b e m o re (in n u m b e r), if
1 y e b h u y y a s ik d . S e e V in . i v . 2 0 7 ( B .D . i i i . 1 5 3 , n . 6 ) . A s lo n g a s t h e m a j o r i t y a r e s p e a k e r s o f d h a m m a ,u V A . Z 1 9 2 . * s a ld k a g d h a p a k a C f . b e l o w , I V . 14 . 24. * R e f e r r in g to t h e v o t in g t ic k e t s . 4 g a tig a ta . S e e V i n . T e x t s i i i . 2 6 . V A . 119 2 s a y s , if i t h a s n o t g o n e t o tw o o r t h r e e r e s i d e n c e s , o r h a s n o t b e e n d e t a i l e d , a v in ic c h ita , h e r e a n d t h e r e t w o o r t h r e e t im e s . 6 V A . 119 2 s a y s : " t w o o r t h r e e t im e s i t is n o t r e m e m b e r e d b y th e s e m o n k s t h e m s e lv e s , o r c a u s e d t o b e r e m e m b e r e d b y o th e r s / '

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h e k n o w s th a t th e O rd er w ill b e d iv id e d , if he e v e n th in k s th a t th e O rd e r m a y b e d iv id e d , if t h e y ta k e (the tick e ts ) n o t b y r u le ,1 if t h e y ta k e th e m in an in c o m p le te a ss e m b ly , a n d if t h e y ta k e th e m n o t a c c o rd in g to th e ir v ie w s .2 T h e se te n d is tr ib u tio n s o f (vo tin g ) tic k e ts are n o t le g a lly v a lid . |f I ]| ,f W h a t are th e te n d is tr ib u tio n s o f (vo tin g ) tic k e ts th a t a re le g a lly v a lid ? W h e n th e le g a l q u e stio n is n o t m e re ly triflin g , a n d w h e n it h a s g o n e its co u rse , a n d w h e n it is re m e m b e re d arid c a u se d to be re m e m b e re d , a n d w h e n h e k n o w s th a t th o se w h o p ro fess dham m a a re m o re (in n u m b e r), w h e n he e v e n th in k s th a t th o se w h o p ro fe ss dham m a m a y be m o re (in n u m b e r), w h e n he k n o w s th a t th e O rd e r w ill n o t b e d iv id e d , w h e n he e v e n th in k s th a t th e O rd e r w ill n o t be d iv id e d , w h e n t h e y ta k e (th e tick e ts) b y ru le, w h e n t h e y ta k e th e m in a c o m p le te a ssem b ly , a n d w h e n t h e y ta k e th e m a c c o rd in g to th e ir v ie w s. T h e se te n d is trib u tio n s o f (vo tin g ) t ic k e ts a re le g a lly v a lid . || 2 j| 10 || N o w a t th a t tim e th e m o n k U v a la , on b e in g e x a m in e d fo r o ffe n ces in th e m id s t o f th e O rd e r, h a v in g d e n ie d ,3 a c k n o w le d g e d , h a v in g a c k n o w le d g e d , d e n ie d , h e s h e lv e d th e q u e stio n b y (asking) a n o th e r, he to ld a c o n scio u s lie . T h o s e w h o w ere m o d e st m o n k s . . . sp re a d it a b o u t, s a y in g : H o w c a n th is m o n k U v a la , on b e in g e x a m in e d . . . te ll 9 co n sc io u s lie ? T h e n th e s e m o n k s to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : I s it tru e , as is sa id , m o n k s . . . ? I t is tru e , L o r d . H a v in g r e b u k e d th e m , h a v in g g iv e n re a so n ed ta lk , h e a d d re sse d th e m o n k s, s a y in g : W e ll th e n , m o n k s, le t th e O rd e r c a r r y o u t a (form al) a c t fo r th e d ecisio n fo r sp ecific d e p r a v it y 4 a g a in s t th e m o n k U v a la . |j 1 || A n d th u s , m o n k s, sh o u ld it b e c a rrie d o u t : F ir s t, th e m o n k U v a la sh o u ld b e re p ro v e d , h a v in g re p ro v e d h im , h e sh o u ld b e m a d e t o re m em b er, h a v in g m a d e h im re m em b er, he sh o u ld be m a d e to c o n fe ss 5 th e offen ce, h a v in g m a d e h im co n fe ss th e o ffen ce, th e O rd e r sh o u ld b e in fo rm e d b y an e x p e rie n c e d ,
1 not * 4 6 T h e y e a c h t a k e t w o t i c k e t s , s a y i n g : *' T h u s w e , s p e a k e r s o f w h a t i s dham m a, w ill b e c o m e t h e m a jo r it y / * V A . 1 1 9 3 . C h a n g in g t h e ir v ie w s s im p ly so a s t o b e o n t h e s id e o f t h e m a jo r it y . A s a t V in . iv . 1 ; s e e B .D . ii . 164I ta s s a p d p iy y a s ik d . S e e B . D . i i i . 1 5 4 , n . 1 ; M . i i . 2 4 9 . ro p e ti.

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c o m p e te n t m o n k , s a y in g : * H o n o u re d sirs, le t th e O rd e r liste n to m e. T h is m o n k U v a la , on b e in g e x a m in e d fo r o ffen ces in th e m id st o f th e O rd er, h a v in g d e n ie d , a c k n o w le d g e d . . . he to ld a co n scio u s lie. I f it seem s r ig h t to th e O rd er, th e O rd er m a y c a r r y o u t a (form al) a c t fo r th e d e cisio n fo r sp ecific d e p r a v i t y a g a in s t th e m o n k U v a la . T h is is th e m o tio n . H o n o u re d sirs, le t th e O rd er liste n to m e. T h is m o n k U v a la . . . to ld a co n scio u s lie . T h e O rd er is c a r r y in g o u t a (form al) a c t fo r th e d ecisio n fo r sp ecific d e p r a v it y a g a in s t th e m o n k U v a la . I f th e c a r r y in g o u t o f a (form al) a c t fo r th e d ecisio n fo r sp ecific d e p r a v ity a g a in s t th e m o n k U v a la is p le a sin g to th e v e n e ra b le ones, t h e y sh o u ld b e sile n t ; h e to w h o m it is n o t p le a sin g sh o u ld s p e a k . . . A n d a th ir d tim e I s p e a k fo rth th is m a tte r . . . A (form al) a c t fo r th e d ecisio n fo r sp ecific d e p r a v it} ' is c a rrie d o u t b y th e O rd e r a g a in s t th e m o n k U v a la . I t is p le a s in g to th e O rd e r ; th e re fo re it is sile n t. T h u s d o I u n d e rsta n d th is .' || 2 || 1 1 || [ 8 5 ] " M o n k s, th e s e fiv e g ro u n d s fo r a (form al) a c t fo r sp ecific d e p r a v it y are le g a lly v a lid ; if he b e co m e s im p u re , a n d if he is u n co n scie n tio u s, a n d if he is fa u lt-fin d in g ,1 if a n O rd e r ca rrie s o u t a (form al) a c t fo r sp ecific d e p r a v it y a g a in s t h im , if it is b y ru le a n d in a c o m p le te a sse m b ly . T h e se fiv e g ro u n d s, m o n k s, fo r a (form al) a c t fo r sp ecific d e p r a v it y a re le g a lly v a lid . || 1 || M on ks, if a (form al) a c t fo r sp ecific d e p r a v ity is p o ssessed o f th re e q u a litie s it co m es to b e a (form al) a c t n o t b y ru le , a (form al) a c t n o t b y d iscip lin e, a n d o n e th a t is h a rd to s e ttle : if it is c a rrie d o u t n o t in th e p re se n ce of, if i t is c a rrie d o u t w ith o u t in te rro g a tio n , if it is c a rrie d o u t n o t w ith th e a c k n o w le d g m e n t . . .2 if it is c a rrie d o u t n o t b y ru le, if i t is c a rrie d o u t in a n in c o m p le te a ss e m b ly . M o n k s, if a (form al) a c t fo r sp ecific d e p r a v it y is p o ssessed o f th e se th re e q u a litie s , i t co m es to b e a (form al) a c t n o t b y ru le, a (form al) a c t n o t b y d iscip lin e, a n d one th a t is h a rd t o s e ttle . M o n k s, if a (form al) a c t fo r sp ecific d e p r a v ity is possessed o f th re e q u a litie s it co m e t o b e a (form al) a c t b y ru le a n d a
1 s d n u v a d a , c f. a n u v d d a a t V i n . i i . 5 . B u . g l o s s e s b y s a -u p a v d d a . * A s a t C V . I. 2. 1.

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(form al) a c t b y d iscip lin e, a n d o n e th a t is e a s ily s e ttle d : if it is c a rrie d o u t in th e p resen ce o f, if it is c a rrie d o u t on th e in te rro g a tio n , if it is c a rrie d o u t w ith th e a c k n o w le d g m e n t . . if it is c a rrie d o u t b y ru le , if it is ca rrie d o u t in a c o m p le te a ss e m b ly . M o n k s, if a (form al) a c t fo r sp ecific d e p r a v it y is p o ssessed o f th e se th re e q u a litie s , it co m es to b e a (form al) a c t b y ru le, a (form al) a c t b y d is c ip lin e , a n d one t h a t is e a s ily s e ttle d . || 2 |! " M on ks, if a m o n k is p o ssessed o f th re e q u a litie s ,2 th e O rd er, if it desires, m a y c a r r y o u t a (form al) a c t fo r sp ecific d e p r a v ity a g a in s t h im : if he is a m a k e r o f s trife , if h e is a m a k e r o f q u a rre ls, if h e is a m a k e r o f d is p u te s, i f h e is a m a k e r o f c o n te n tio n , if he is a m a k e r o f le g a l q u e stio n s in th e O rd e r ; if he is ig n o ra n t, in e x p e rie n c e d , fu ll o f o ffen ces, n o t rid o f th e m ; if he liv e s in a sso c ia tio n w ith h o u seh o ld ers in u n b e c o m in g a sso cia tio n w ith h o u seh o ld ers. M o n k s, if a m o n k is possessed o f th e se th re e q u a litie s, th e O rd e r, if it d esires, m a y c a r r y o u t a (form al) a c t fo r sp ecific d e p r a v it y a g a in s t h im . || 3 j| " A m o n k a g a in s t w h o m a (form al) a c t fo r sp ecific d e p r a v it y 3 h a s b e en c a rrie d o u t sh o u ld c o n d u c t h im s e lf p ro p e rly . T h is is p ro p e r c o n d u c t in th is ca se : h e sh o u ld n o t o rd a in , h e sh o u ld n o t g iv e g u id a n c e , a n o v ic e sh o u ld n o t a tte n d h im , h e sh o u ld n o t co n se n t to th e a g re e m e n t to e x h o r t n u n s, e v e n if he is a g re e d u p o n h e sh o u ld n o t e x h o r t n u n s . . . he sh o u ld n o t q u a rre l w ith m o n k s ." || 4 || T h e n th e O rd e r c a rrie d o u t a (form al) a c t fo r sp ecific d e p r a v i t y a g a in s t th e m o n k U v a la . |j 5 J | 12 || Now a t th a t tim e , w h ile m o n k s w e re s tr iv in g , q u a rre llin g , d is p u tin g , m u c h w a s p e r p e tr a te d a n d sp o k e n t h a t w a s n o t w o r t h y o f a re clu se .4 T h e n it o c cu rre d to th e s e m o n k s : " W h ile w e w e re s tr iv in g . . . n o t w o r th y o f a reclu se. I f w e sh o u ld d e a l w ith o n e a n o th e r fo r th e se o ffen ces, it m ig h t e v e n b e th a t th a t le g a l q u e stio n w o u ld c o n d u c e to h a rsh n ess, to tr o u b le , to sch ism . N o w , [86] w h a t lin e o f c o n d u c t sh o u ld be fo llo w e d b y us ? " T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id :
1 * 8 4 As As As As at CV. at CV. fo r a n at CV. I . 3. 1 . I . 4. a c t o f b a n is h m e n t c a r r ie d o u t a g a i n s t a m o n k , a t C V . I . 5. I V . 5. 1.

ii5 T h is is a case, m o n k s, w h e re w h ile m o n k s w ere s tr iv in g . . . m u ch w a s p e rp e tra te d a n d sp o k e n th a t w a s n o t w o r th y o f a reclu se. T h e n it o ccu rre d to th e se m o n k s : W h ile w e w ere s tr iv in g . . . it m ig h t e v e n b e t h a t th a t le g a l q u e stio n w o u ld co n d u ce to h arsh n ess, to tro u b le , to sc h is m .' I a llo w , m o n k s, a le g a l q u e stio n su c h a s th is to be s e ttle d b y th e c o v e r in g u p (as) w ith g r a s s .1 || x || A n d th u s , m o n k s, sh o u ld it b e s e ttle d : O n e a n d a ll sh o u ld g a th e r to g e th e r in th e sam e p la c e ; h a v in g g a th e r e d to g e th e r, th e O rd e r sh o u ld b e in fo rm ed b y an e x p e rie n c e d , c o m p e te n t m o n k , s a y in g : * H o n o u red sirs, le t th e O rd e r lis te n to m e. W h ile w e w e re s tr iv in g it m ig h t e ve n b e th a t th is le g a l q u e stio n w o u ld co n d u c e to h arsh n ess, to tro u b le , to s c h is m / ' I f it seem s r ig h t to th e O rd er, th e O rd e r m a y s e ttle th is le g a l q u e stio n b y th e c o v e rin g u p (as) w ith g ra ss, un less it is a h e a v y s in ,2 u n less it is c o n n e cte d w ith th e l a i t y .'3 T h e o n e sid e 4 sh o u ld b e in fo rm e d b y an e x p e rie n c e d , c o m p e te n t m o n k fro m a m o n g th e m o n k s sid in g in w ith th e o n e (side) : * L e t th e v e n e ra b le o n es lis te n to m e. W h ile w e w ere s tr iv in g . . . n o t w o r th y of a re clu se . . . to sch ism . I f it is p le a sin g to th e v e n e ra b le ones, I w o u ld co n fess w h a te v e r is th e offence o f th e v e n e ra b le o n es a s w e ll a s w h a te v e r is m y o w n o ffen ce b o th fo r th e s a k e o f th e v e n e ra b le ones a n d fo r m y o w n sa k e , u n less it is a h e a v y sin , u n less it is c o n n e cte d w ith th e la ity , (so a s to o b ta in ) a c o v e r in g u p (as) w ith g ra ss in th e m id st o f th e O rd e r/ A fte r w a r d s , th e o th e r sid e sh o u ld b e in fo rm ed b y a n e x p e rie n c e d , c o m p e te n t m o n k fro m a m o n g th e m o n k s s id in g in w ith th e o th e r (side) : L e t th e v e n e ra b le o nes liste n to m e. W h ile w e w ere s tr iv in g . . . a c o v e rin g u p (as w ith ) g ra ss in th e m id st o f th e O rd e r.' jf 2 || " T h e O rd e r sh o u ld be in fo rm ed b y an e x p e rie n c e d co m p e tte n t m o n k sid in g in w ith th e one (side) : H o n o u re d sirs, le t th e O rd e r liste n to m e. W h ile w e w e re s tr iv in g . . . n o t w o r th y o f a re clu se . . . t o sch ism . I f it seem s r ig h t to th e O rd er, I w o u ld co n fess w h a te v e r is th e o ffen ce o f th e v e n e ra b le
1 tin a v a tth d r a k a . A s a t V i n . i v . 2 0 7 , M . i i . 2 5 0 . S e e B . D . i i i . 1 5 4 . * t h u la v a jja , V A . 1 1 9 4 , e x p l a i n i n g a s P a r a j i k a a n d S a n g h & d i s e s a . V A . s a y s : u n le s s i t i s a n o f le n c e w h e r e h e r e v il e s a n d d e s p is e s h o u s e h o ld e r s b y m e a n s o f a lo w t h i n g ; s e e u n d e r in s u lt in g s p e e c h " a t V in . iv . 6 ( B .D . i i . 1 7 3 f f .) ; a l s o a b o v e , p . 2 5 . 4 s a k a p a k k h a , o n e 's o w n s i d e .

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ones a s w e ll a s w h a te v e r is m y o w n o ffen ce, b o th fo r th e sa k e o f th e v e n e ra b le ones a n d fo r m y o w n sa k e , u n le ss it is a h e a v y sin, u n less i t is c o n n e c te d w ith th e la it y , (so a s to o b ta in ) a c o v e rin g u p (as) w ith g ra ss in th e m id s t o f th e O rd er. T h is is th e m o tio n . H o n o u re d sirs, le t th e O rd e r lis te n t o m e. W h ile w e w e re s tr iv in g . . . n o t w o r t h y o f re clu se . . . t o sch ism . I a m co n fe ssin g w h a te v e r is th e o ffe n ce o f th e se v e n e r a b le ones a n d w h a te v e r is m y o w n o ffe n ce . . . u n less it is a h e a v y sin, u n less it is c o n n e c te d w ith th e la i t y , (so a s t o o b ta in ) a c o v e r in g u p (as w ith ) g ra ss in th e m id s t o f th e O rd er. I f th e c o n fessio n o f th e se o ffe n ces o f o u rs, u n less t h e y a re h e a v y sins, un less t h e y a re c o n n e c te d w ith th e la it y , (so as to o b ta in ) a c o v e r in g u p (as) w ith g ra ss in th e m id st o f th e O rd e r is p le a sin g to th e v e n e ra b le ones, t h e y sh o u ld b e s ile n t ; h e t o w h o m it is n o t p le a sin g sh o u ld s p e a k . T h e s e o ffen ces o f o u rs a re c o n fessed (b y m e), e x c e p t h e a v y sin s, e x c e p t th o s e c o n n e c te d w ith th e la it y , (so a s t o o b ta in ) a c o v e r in g u p (as) w ith g ra ss in th e m id st o f th e O ld e r . [87] I t is p le a s in g to th e O rd er, th e re fo re it is sile n t. T h u s d o I u n d e rs ta n d this.* A fte r w a r d s th e O rd e r sh o u ld b e in fo rm e d b y a n e x p e rie n c e d , c o m p e te n t m o n k fro m a m o n g th e m o n k s sid in g in w ith th e o th e r (side) : * H o n o u re d sirs, le t th e O rd e r lis te n t o m e. W h ile w e w e re s tr iv in g . . . T h u s d o I u n d e rs ta n d th is .' || 3 || A n d th u s , m o n k s, d o th e s e o ffe n c e s co m e t o b e re m o v e d fro m th e s e m o n k s ,1 e x c e p t fo r a h e a v y sin , e x c e p t fo r w h a t is c o n n e c te d w ith th e la it y , e x c e p t fo r (th o se w h o m a k e ) a n o p en s ta te m e n t o f th e ir v ie w s ,2 e x c e p t fo r th o s e w h o are n o t th e r e / ' 3
II 4 II1 3 I[

N o w a t t h a t tim e m o n k s d is p u te d w ith m o n k s a n d n u n s d is p u te d w ith m o n k s a n d th e m o n k C h a n n a , in tr u d in g in to th e n u n s (q u a rters), d is p u te d to g e th e r w ith th e m o n k s a n d w a s

1 te b h ik k h u td h i d p a t t lh i v u tth itd k o n t i , l i t . " t h e s e m o n k s a r e r i s e n u p ( o r , re m o v e d ) fro m th e s e o ffe n c es/ ' a d itth d v ik a m m a . V A . 1 1 9 4 s a y s t h o s e w h o s a y , * I t i s n o t p l e a s i n g t o m e 1 a n d e x p l a i n t h e i r v i e w s t o o n e a n o t h e r , o r , h a v i n g f a l l e n i n t o a*_ o f f e n c e t o g e th e r w it h t h e s e w h o h a v e n o t c o m e t h e r e , o r w h o h a v e c o m e a n d g iv e n ( s o m e o n e 's ) l e a v e f o r b e i n g a b s e n t w h i l e s i t t i n g d o w n in c e l l s a n d s o o n t h e s e h a v e n o t r is e n fr o m t h o s e o ffe n c e s . T h e r e f o r e it is s a id : e x c e p t fo r (th o se w h o m a k e ) a n o p e n s ta t e m e n t o f t h e ir v ie w s , e x c e p t fo r th o s e w h o a r e n o t t h e r e ." * tka p etvd y e n a ta tth a h o n ii. S e e p r e v i o u s n o t e .

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p re ju d ic e d on th e sid e o f th e nuns. T h o se w h o w ere m o d est m o n k s lo o k e d d o w n u p o n , c ritic ise d , s p re a d it a b o u t, s a y in g : " H o w c a n th is m o n k C h a n n a , in tr u d in g in to th e n u n s' (q u arters), d is p u te to g e th e r w ith m o n k s a n d b e p r e ju d ic e d on th e sid e o f th e n u n s ? T h e n th e se m o n k s to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : " I s it tru e , a s is sa id , m o n k s, . . . ? I t is tru e , L o r d . H a v in g re b u k e d th e m , h a v in g g iv e n reaso n ed ta lk , he a d d re sse d th e m o n k s, s a y in g : |j x )| " M on ks, th e re a re th e se fo u r k in d s o f le g a l q u e stio n s : le g a l q u e stio n s a ris in g o u t o f d isp u te s, le g a l q u e stio n s a risin g o u t of cen su re, le g a l q u e stio n s a risin g o u t o f o ffen ces, le g a l q u e stio n s a risin g o u t o f o b lig a tio n s .1 " W h a t is h ere a le g a l q u e stio n a risin g o u t o f d isp u te s ? T h is is a case, m o n k s, w h ere m o n k s d is p u te , s a y in g 2: I t is dham m a * o r I t is n o t dham m a o r I t is d iscip lin e ' o r * I t is n o t d isc i p lin e * o r ' I t is sp o k e n , u tte r e d b y th e T ru th -fin d e r ', o r I t is n o t sp o k e n , n o t u tte r e d b y th e T ru th -fin d e r o r * I t is p ra c tis e d b y th e T ru th -fin d e r * o r I t is n o t p ra c tis e d b y th e T ru th -fin d e r 3 o r I t is la id d o w n b y th e T ru th -fin d e r ' or 1 I t is n o t la id d o w n b y th e T ru th -fin d e r o r e I t is a n o ffen ce ' o r I t is n o t a n o ffen ce ' o r * I t is a s lig h t o ffen ce b r * I t is a seriou s o ffen ce ' or I t is a n o ffen ce t h a t c a n b e d o n e a w a y w ith J or * I t is a n o ffen ce th a t c a n n o t b e d o n e a w a y w ith o r I t is a b a d o ffen ce o r I t is n o t a b a d o ffe n c e . W h a te v e r h ere is strife , q u a rre l, c o n te n tio n , d is p u te , d ifferen ce o f o p in io n , o th e r op in io n , b e c a u se th e co m m o n a p p e lla tio n o f h e a te d n e ss 3 is q u a r r e l 4 th is is c a lle d a le g a l q u e stio n a risin g fro m d isp u te s. W h a t is h ere a le g a l q u e stio n a risin g fro m cen su re ? In th is c a se , m o n k s, m o n k s cen su re a m o n k fo r fa llin g a w a y fro m m o ra l h a b it o r fo r fa llin g a w a y fro m g o o d h a b its o r fo r fa llin g a w a y fro m r ig h t v ie w or fo r fa llin g a w l y fro m a r ig h t m o d e o f liv e lih o o d . W h a te v e r h ere is cen su re, fa u lt-fin d in g , ta lk in g to , sc o ld in g , b ic k e rin g , in c itin g , in s tig a tin g , th is is ca lle d a le g a l q u e stio n a ris in g fro m cen su re. " W h a t is h ere a le g a l q u e stio n a risin g fro m offen ces ? B o t h
1 A s a t V in . iii. 1 6 4 . * C f. t h e f o llo w in g w it h V in . i. 3 5 4 . * v ip a cca ta y a voha.ro. V A . 1 1 9 4 s a y s " t h e c o m m o n a p p e lla t io n is d u e to m e n t a l u n e a s i n e s s , c itta d u k k h a . T h e m e a n i n g i s h a r s h s p e e c h / ' 4 m edhaka.

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th e fiv e cla sse s o f o ffe n ces1 (yield ) le g a l q u e stio n s a ris in g fro m o ffen ces, a n d th e se v e n cla sses o f o ffe n ces2 (yield ) le g a l q u e s tio n s a risin g fro m o ffen ces. T h is is c a lle d [88] a le g a l q u e stio n a ris in g fro m offen ces. " W h a t is h e re a le g a l q u e stio n a ris in g fro m o b lig a tio n s ? W h a te v e r is an O r d e r s b u sin e ss a n d o u g h t to b e d o n e (b y it) : a (form al) a c t fo r w h ic h le a v e o u g h t to be a s k e d ,3 a (form al) a c t a t w h ic h a m o tio n is p u t, a (form al) a c t a t w h ic h a m o tio n is p u t a n d fo llo w e d b y one re so lu tio n , a (form al) a c t a t w h ic h a m o tio n is p u t a n d fo llo w e d b y a re so lu tio n m a d e th re e tim e s .4 T h is is c a lle d a le g a l q u e stio n a ris in g fro m o b lig a tio n s. [| 2 || " W h a t is th e so u rce o f a le g a l q u e stio n a ris in g fro m d is p u te s ? S ix so u rce s o f d is p u te are th e so u rce o f a le g a l q u e stio n a ris in g fro m d is p u te s : th e re a re th re e u n s k ille d so u rce s w h ic h are th e so u rce o f a le g a l q u e stio n a ris in g fro m d is p u te s a s w e ll a s th re e s k ille d so u rce s w h ic h a re th e so u rce o f le g a l q u e stio n s a risin g fro m d isp u te s. " W h ic h a r e th e s ix so u rce s o f d is p u te w h ic h a re th e so u rce o f a le g a l q u e stio n a ris in g fro m d is p u te s ? In th is ca se , a m o n k b e co m e s a n g r y a n d b e a rs ill- w ill.5 M o n k s, w h a te v e r m o n k b e co m e s a n g r y a n d b e a rs ill-w ill, h e liv e s w ith o u t d eferen ce, d is re s p e c tfu l to w a r d s th e T e a c h e r, a n d h e liv e s w ith o u t d e fer en ce, d is re s p e c tfu l to w a rd s dham m a , a n d h e liv e s w ith o u t d e fer en ce, d is re s p e c tfu l to w a r d s th e O rd e r, a n d h e d o es n o t c o m p le te th e tra in in g . M o n k s, w h a te v e r m o n k liv e s w ith o u t d e fe r en ce, d is re s p e c tfu l to w a r d s th e T e a c h e r , dham m a , a n d th e O rd e r a n d d o es n o t c o m p le te th e tra in in g , h e c a u se s d is p u te in an O rd er, a n d t h a t d is p u te c o m e s to b e fo r th e h a rm o f th e m a n y -fo lk , fo r th e la c k o f ease o f th e m a n y -fo lk , fo r th e la c k o f th e g o a l fo r th e m a n y -fo lk , fo r th e h a rm a n d d is sa tisfa c tio n
1 T h a t is t o s a y , t h o s e o f D e f e a t , t h o s e e n t a il in g a F o r m a l M e e t in g o f t h e O r d e r , t h o s e o f E x p i a t i o n , t h o s e w h ic h o u g h t t o c o n fe s s e d a n d t h o s e o f w r o n g d o in g . * T h e a b o v e f iv e , w it h g r a v e o ffe n c e s a n d t h o s e o f w r o n g s p e e c h a d d e d . 3 a p a lo k a n a k a tn tn a . V A . 1 1 9 5 s a y s " h a v i n g p u r if ie d t h e O r d e r l i v i n g in t h e b o u n d a r y , h a v in g b r o u g h t t h e le a v e o f a b se n c e o f th o s e w h o d e se rv e to s e n d l e a v e o f a b s e n c e , t h e ( fo r m a l) a c t s h o u ld b e c a r r ie d o u t , h a v i n g a n n o u n c e d i t t h r e e t i m e s f o r t h e a p p r o v a l o f a c o m p l e t e O rd er.** V A . 1 1 9 5 re fe rs fo r a l l t h e s e t y p e s o f f o r m a l a c t s t o t h e P a r i v a r a , i.e . t o V i n . v . 2 2 9 ff. 4 T h e s e t y p e s o f f o r m a l a c t s a r e a ls o m e n t io n e d a t V i n . i v . 1 5 2 in d e fin it io n o f '* l e g i t im a t e (fo r m a l) a c t s .* ' S e e B . D . iii. 5 9 , 60 f o r f u r t h e r r e fe r e n c e s . 6 T h i s r e c u r s a t A . iii. 3 3 4 ; D . iii. 2 4 6 ; M . i. 9 6 , ii. 2 4 5 . S e e P u g . I I . 1 w h e r e k o d h a a n d u p a n d h i f o r m t h e s u b j e c t s o f q u e s t io n s .

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o f devas a n d m a n k in d . I f y o u , m o n k s, sh o u ld p e rc e iv e a so u rce o f d is p u te lik e th is a m o n g y o u rs e lv e s or a m o n g o th ers, y o u , m o n k s, sh o u ld s tr iv e th e re in fo r th e d e stru c tio n o f p re c is e ly th a t e v il so u rce o f d isp u te s. I f y o u , m o n k s, sh o u ld p e rc e iv e no so u rce o f d isp u te lik e th is a m o n g y o u rs e lv e s o r a m o n g o th ers, y o u , m o n k s, sh o u ld th e re in fo llo w a co u rse (to stop) th e re b e in g fu tu r e e ffects o f p re c is e ly th a t e v il so u rce o f d is p u te s. T h u s th e re co m es to be d e s tru c tio n o f th a t e v il sou rce o f d isp u te s, th u s th e re co m e to be no fu tu r e e ffects o f th a t e v il so u rce o f d isp u te s. " A n d a g a in , m o n k s, a m o n k b e co m e s h a rs h 1 a n d u n m e rc ifu l, h e b eco m es e n v io u s a n d g ru d g in g , h e b eco m es c r a ft y a n d d e c e itfu l, he co m es to h a v e e v il d esires a n d w ro n g v ie w s, he co m es to be in fe c te d w ith w o rld lin e ss, o b stin a te , s tu b b o r n .2 M onks, th a t m o n k w h o liv e s w ith o u t d eferen ce, d is re s p e c tfu l to w a rd s th e T e a c h e r . . . th u s th e re co m e to b e n o fu tu r e e ffe c ts o f th a t e v il so u rce o f d is p u te s. T h e se s ix so u rces o f d isp u te are th e so u rce o f a le g a l q u e stio n a risin g fro m d isp u te s. II 3 Ii " W h ic h th re e u n s k ille d sou rces a re th e so u rc e o f a le g a l q u e stio n a risin g fro m d isp u te s ? In th is case, m o n k s d is p u te c o v e to u s in m in d , th e y d is p u te c o r r u p t in m in d , t h e y d is p u te e rrin g in m in d , s a y in g : I t is dham m a 1 or I t is n o t dham m a or . . . 4I t is n o t a b a d o ffe n ce .'3 T h e s e th re e u n s k ille d so u rces are th e so u rce o f a le g a l q u e stio n a ris in g fro m d isp u te s. " W h i c h th ree sk ille d so u rce s are th e so u rc e of a le g a l q u e stio n a ris in g fro m d is p u te s ? In th is ca se , m o n k s d is p u te n o t c o v e to u s in m in d , t h e y d is p u te n o t c o rru p t in m in d , t h e y d is p u te n o t e rrin g in m in d , [89] s a y in g : I t is dhamma 9 or ' I t is n o t dhamma ' . . . or ' I t is n o t a b a d o ffe n c e / T h e se th re e sk illed so u rces a re th e so u rc e o f a le g a l q u e stio n a risin g fro m d isp u te s, [j 4 jj W h a t is th e so u rce o f a le g a l q u e stio n a risin g fro m cen su re ? S ix so u rce s o f ce n su re are th e so u rc e o f a le g a l q u e stio n a risin g fro m cen su re : th e re are th re e u n sk ille d so u rce s w h ic h a re th e so u rce o f a le g a l q u e stio n a risin g fro m ce n su re a s w e ll a s th ree
1 T h e f ir s t s i x w o r d s o c c u r a t M . i. 9 6 (cf. M . 1. 4 3 ) a n d t h e y f o r m s u b j e c t s o f q u e s t io n s a t P u g . IT . 2 - 4 . T h e f ir s t f iv e o c c u r a t J d . iti. 2 5 9 . 2 C f . M . i. 4 3 , 9 6 , 402 ; L>. iii. 2 4 7 ; A . iii. 3 3 5 , v . 15 0 . 3 A s a t C V . I V . 14, 2.

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sk ille d so u rces w h ic h a re th e so u rc e o f a le g a l q u e stio n a ris in g fro m c e n su re ; b o d y , to o , is a so u rce o f a le g a l q u e stio n a risin g fro m cen su re ; sp ee ch , to o , is a so u rce o f a le g a l q u e stio n a risin g fro m cen su re. W h ic h are th e s ix so u rce s o f ce n su re t h a t are th e so u rce o f a le g a l q u e stio n a risin g fro m ce n su re ? I n th is c a se , m o n k s, a m o n k b e co m e s a n g r y a n d b e a rs ill-w ill . . . (as in || 3 ||). In stea d o f d is p u te read ce n su re , so u rc e o f ce n su re , etc.) . . . T h e se s ix so u rces o f ce n su re are th e so u rce o f a le g a l q u e stio n a risin g fro m ce n su re . W h ic h th re e u n s k ille d so u rce s a re th e so u rce of a le g a l q u e stio n a risin g fro m ce n su re ? I n th is c a se , m o n k s, c o v e to u s in m in d , ce n su re a fn o n k , c o rru p t in m in d t h e y ce n su re (him ), e rrin g in m in d t h e y cen su re h im w ith fa llin g a w a y fro m m o ra l h a b it o r. w ith fa llin g a w a y fro m g o o d h a b its o r w ith fa llin g a w a y fro m rig h t v ie w o r w ith fa llin g a w a y fro m a rig h t m o d e o f liv e lih o o d . T h e s e th re e u n sk ille d so u rc e are th e so u rces o f a le g a l q u e stio n a risin g fro m cen su re. " W h ic h th re e s k ille d so u rc e s a re th e so u rc e of a le g a l q u e s tion a ris in g fro m cen su re ? I n th is c a se m o n k s, n o t c o v e to u s in m in d , ce n su re a m o n k ; n o t c o r r u p t in m in d * . . n o t errin g in m in d , t h e y cen su re h im w ith fa llin g a w a y fro m m o ra l h a b it . . . w ith f a lli r g a w a y fro m a r ig h t m o d e o f liv in g . T h e se th re e s k ille d so u rce s a re th e so u rc e o f a le g a l q u e stio n a risin g fro m cen su re. W h ic h (k in d of) a b o d y is a so u rce o f a le g a l q u e stio n a ris in g fro m cen su re ? In th is c a se so m eo n e co m es to b e o f a b&d c o lo u r ,1 u g ly , d e fo rm e d , v e r y ill o r b lin d o f one e y e o r p a ra ly s e d d o w n o n e sid e o r la m e o r a c rip p le , on a c c o u n t o f w h ic h t h e y ce n su re h im . T h is (k in d of)* b o d y is a so u rce o f a le g a l q u e s tio n a risin g fro m cen su re. " W h ic h (kin d of) sp e e c h is a so u rc e o f a le g a l q u e stio n a ris in g fro m cen su re ? In th is ca se so m eo n e co m es to b e s u rly , s tu tte r in g , o f h o a rse e n u n c ia tio n , on a c c o u n t o f w h ich t h e y ce n su re h im . T h is (k in d of) sp e e c h is a so u rce o f a le g a l q u e stio n a ris in g fro m cen su re. || 5 || ** W h a t is th e so u rce o f a le g a l q u e stio n a risin g fro m o ffen ces? S ix o rigin s o f o ffen ces a re th e s o u rc e o f a le g a l q u e stio n a ris in g
1 As at A i. 1 0 7 = ii. 8 5 = 5 . i. 94 = M . iii- 1 6 9 = P u g . 5 1 .

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fro m offen ces : th ere is th e o ffen ce w h ic h o rig in a tes fro m th e b o d y , n o t fro m sp ee ch , n o t fro m m in d ; th e re is th e o ffen ce w h ic h o rig in a tes fro m sp eech , n o t fro m b o d y , n o t fro m m in d ; th e re is th e o ffen ce w h ic h o rig in a te s fro m b o d y an d fro m sp eech , n o t fro m m in d ; th e re is th e o ffen ce w h ic h o rig in a te s fro m b o d y a n d fro m m in d , n o t fro m sp ee ch ; th e re is th e o ffen ce w h ic h o rig in a te s fro m sp eech a n d m in d , n o t fro m b o d y ; th ere is th e o ffen ce w h ich o rig in a te s fro m b o d y a n d fro m sp ee ch a n d fro m 'm in d . T h e s e s ix o rig in s o f offen ces are th e so u rce o f a le g a l q u e stio n a risin g fro m o ffen ces. || 6 j| W h a t is th e so u rce o f a le g a l q u e stio n a risin g fro ih o b lig a tio n s ? T h e O rd er is th e sole so u rce o f a le g a l q u e stio n a risin g fro m o b lig a tio n s. || 7 \ \ [90] A le g a l q u e stio n a risin g fro m d is p u te s : is it sk ille d , u n sk ille d , in d e te rm in a te ? A le g a l q u e stio n a risin g fro m d is p u te s m a y b e sk ille d , it m a y b e u n sk ille d , it m a y be in d e te rm in a te . W h a t here is a le g a l q u e stio n a risin g fro m d is p u te s th a t is s k ille d ? I n th is ca se m o n k s w h o se th o u g h ts are sk ille d d isp u te , s a y in g , ' T h is is dham m a ' or T h is is n o t dham m a * or . . . ' T h is is n o t a b a d o ffe n c e . W h a te v e r th e re in is strife , q u a rre l, c o n te n tio n , d is p u te , d ifferen ce o f o p in io n , o th e r o p in io n , b e ca u se th e co m m o n a p p e lla tio n o f h e a te d n e ss is * q u a rrel , th is is ca lle d a le g a l q u e stio n a risin g fro m d isp u te? th a t is s k ille d . W h a t here is a le g a l q u e stio n a ris in g fro m d isp u te s th a t is u n sk ille d ? I n th is case, m o n k s w h o se th o u g h ts are u n sk illed d isp u te , s a y in g : * T h is is dham m a ' o r T h is is n o t dham m a ' or ' T h is is n o t a b a d o ffen ce . . . b e c a u se th e co m m o n a p p e lla tio n o f h e a te d n e ss is ' q u a r r e l,' th is is c a lle d a le g a l q u e stio n a risin g fro m d is p u te s t h a t is u n sk illed . W h a t h ere is a le g a l q u e stio n a ris in g fro m d is p u te s th a t is in d e te rm in a te ? I n th is case, m o n k s w h o se th o u g h ts are in d e te rm in a te d is p u te , s a y in g : * I t is dham m a o r . . . " I t is n o t a b a d o ffen ce ' - . . c a lle d a le g a l q u e stio n a risin g fro m d is p u te s th a t a re in d e te rm in a te . || 8 |j A le g a l q u e stio n a risin g fro m cen su re : is it sk ille d , u n sk illed , in d e te rm in a te ? A le g a l q u e stio n a risin g fro m cen su re m a y be sk ille d , it m a y be u n sk ille d , it m a y b e in d e te rm in a te . W h a t h ere is a le g a l q u e stio n a risin g fro m cen su re t h a t is sk ille d ? In th is ca se m o n k s w h o se th o u g h ts are sk ille d cen su re a m o n k w ith fa llin g a w a y fro m m o ra l h a b it o r w ith fa llin g
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a w a y fro m g o o d h a b its c r w ith fa llin g a w a y fro m r ig h t v ie w s or w ith fa llin g a w a y fro m a r ig h t m o d e o f liv e lih o o d . W h a te v e r h erein is ce n su re , b la m in g , ta lk in g to , sc o ld in g , b ic k e rin g , in c it in g , in s tig a tin g , th is is c a lle d a le g a l q u e stio n a risin g fro m ce n su re th a t is sk ille d . ,f W h a t h ere is a le g a l q u e stio n a ris in g fro m cen su re th a t is u n s k ille d ? In th is ca se , m o n k s w h o se th o u g h ts are u n s k ille d ce n su re a m o n k . . . W h a t is h e re a le g a l q u e stio n a ris in g fro m cen su re t h a t is in d e te rm in a te ? In th is ca se, m o n k s w h o se th o u g h ts are in d e te rm in a te ce n su re a m o n k w ith fa llin g a w a y fro m . . . a rig h t m o d e o f liv e lih o o d . W h a te v e r h e re in is ce n su re , b la m in g . . . in s tig a tin g , th is is c a lle d a le g a l q u e s tio n a ris in g fro m ce n su re th a t is in d e te rm in a te . || 9 || A le g a l q u e stio n a ris in g fro m o ffe n ces : is it sk ille d , u n sk ille d , in d e te rm in a te ? A le g a l q u e stio n a ris in g fro m o ffen ces m a y be u n s k ille d it m a y b e in d e te rm in a te . T h e re is n o le g a l q u e stio n a risin g fro m o ffe n ces th a t is sk ille d . W h a t is h ere a le g a l q u e stio n a risin g fro m o ffen ces t h a t is u n s k ille d ? A tra n s g ressio n c o m m itte d k n o w in g ly , c o n sc io u s ly , d e lib e r a te ly 1 is one t h a t is c a lle d a le g a l q u e stio n a ris in g fro m o ffen ces th a t is u n sk ille d . " W h a t is h ere a le g a l q u e stio n a risin g fro m o ffen ces t h a t is in d e te rm in a te ? A tra n sg re ssio n c o m m itte d n o t k n o w in g ly , n o t c o n sc io u s ly , n o t d e lib e r a te ly is o n e t h a t is c a lle d a le g a l q u e stio n a ris in g fro m o ffen ces th a t is in d e te rm in a te . || xo |[ " A le g a l q u e stio n a ris in g fro m o b lig a tio n s : is it sk ille d , u n s k ille d , in d e te rm in a te ? A le g a l q u e stio n a ris in g fro m o b lig a tio n s m a y b e sk ille d , it m a y be u n s k ille d , it m a y b e in d e te rm in a te . W h a t is h ere a le g a l q u e stio n a ris in g fro m o b lig a tio n s th a t is sk ille d ? W h a t e v e r (form al) a c t t h a t an O rd er, g o o d in m in d , ca rrie s o u t : a (form al) a c t fo r w h ic h le a v e o u g h t to b e a sk e d , a (form al) a c t a t w h ic h a m o tio n is p u t, a (form al) a c t a t w h ic h a m o tio n is p u t a n d fo llo w e d b y o n e re so lu tio n , a (form al) a c t a t w h ic h a m o tio n is p u t a n d fo llo w e d b y a re so lu tio n m a d e th re e tim e s 2 th is is c a lle d a le g a l q u e stio n a risin g fro m o b lig a tio n s th a t is sk ille d . " W h a t is h ere [91] a le g a l q u e stio n a risin g fro m o b lig a tio n s
1 A s a t V i n . iii. 7 3 , 1 1 2 , i v . 290 . * A s a b o v e , I V . 14. 2 .

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th a t is u n s k ille d ? W h a te v e r (form al) a c t t h a t a n O rd er, b a d in m in d , ca rrie s o u t . . . W h a t is h ere a le g a l q u e stio n a ris in g fro m o b lig a tio n s t h a t is' in d e te rm in a te ? W h a te v e r (form al) a c t th a t a n O rd er, in d e te rm in a te in m in d , c a rrie s o u t . . . th is is ca lle d a le g a l q u e stio n a ris in g fro m o b lig a tio n s t h a t is in d e te rm in a te . || x i || (C an th e re be) a d isp u te a n d a le g a l q u e stio n a ris in g from d isp u te s, a d is p u te (but) n o le g a l q u e stio n , a le g a l q u e stio n (but) n o d isp u te , a le g a l q u e stio n a s w e ll a s a d is p u te ? T h e re m a y b e a d isp u te a n d a le g a l q u e stio n a risin g fro m d is p u te s, th e re m a y be a d is p u te (bu t) no le g a l q u e stio n , th e re m a y be a le g a l q u e stio n (but) no d is p u te , th e re m a y be a le g a l q u e stio n a s w e ll a s a d isp u te . " W h a t is here a d is p u te a n d a le g a l q u e stio n a risin g fro m d isp u te s ? I n th is case, m o n k s d is p u te , s a y in g : T h is is dham m a ' o r . . . T h is is n o t a b a d o ffen ce W h a te v e r h e re in 2 is strife , q u a rre l, c o n te n tio n , d is p u te , d ifferen ce o f op in io n , o th e r o p in io n , b e ca u se th e co m m o n a p p e lla tio n o f h e a ted n ess is ' q u a rre l th is is c a lle d a d is p u te a n d a le g a l q u e stio n a ris in g fro m d isp u te s. " W h a t is h ere a d is p u te (but) n o t a le g a l q u e stio n ? M o th er d isp u te s w ith so n a n d so n d is p u te s w ith , m o th e r, a n d fa th e r d isp u te s w ith son a n d son d is p u te s w ith fa th e r, a n d b ro th e r d isp u te s w ith b ro th e r a n d b ro th e r d is p u te s w ith siste r a n d siste r d isp u te s w ith b ro th e r, a n d frie n d d is p u te s w ith frien d . T h is is a d is p u te (but) n o t a le g a l q u e stio n . W h a t is h ere a le g a l q u e stio n (but) n o t a d is p u te ? A le g a l q u e stio n a risin g fro m cen su re, a le g a l q u e stio n a ris in g fro m o ffen ces, a le g a l q u e stio n a ris in g fro m o b lig a tio n s. T h is is a le g a l q u e stio n (but) n o t a d isp u te . W h a t is h ere a le g a l q u e stio n a s w e ll a s a d is p u te ? A le g a l q u e stio n a ris in g fro m d is p u te s is a le g a l q u e stio n as w e ll as a d is p u te . || 1 2 1 | (C an th e re be) cen su re a n d a le g a l q u e stio n a risin g fro m cen su re, cen su re (but) n o le g a l q u e stio n , a le g a l q u e stio n (but) no cen su re, a le g a l q u e stio n a s w e ll a s ce n su re ? T h e r e m a y be cen su re a n d a le g a l q u e stio n a ris in g fro m cen su re, th e re m a y b e cen su re (but) no le g a l q u e stio n , th e re m a y be a le g a l
1 A s in I V . 14. 2* 1 A s in I V . 14. 8.

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q u e stio n (but) no cen su re, th e re m a y b e a le g a l q u e s tio n a s w e ll a s censure. " W h a t is here ce n su re a n d a le g a l q u e stio n a risin g fro m ce n su re ? In th is ca se m o n k s c e n su re a m o n k w ith fa llin g a w a y fro m m o ra l h a b it o r . . . w ith fa llin g a w a y fro m a rig h t m o d e o f liv in g . W h a te v e r h erein is ce n su re , b la m in g . . . in s tig a tin g , th is is ce n su re a n d a le g a l q u e stio n a risin g fro m cen su re. " W h a t is h ere ce n su re (but) n o t a le g a l q u e stio n ? M o th er c e n su re s son a n d son c e n su re s m o th e r . . . a n d frie n d c e n su res frie n d . T h is is c e n su re (but) n o t a le g a l q u e stio n . W h a t is h ere a le g a l q u e stio n (b u t) n o t ce n su re ? A le g a l q u e stio n a ris in g fro m o ffen ces, a le g a l q u e stio n a risin g fro m o b lig a tio n s, a le g a l q u e stio n a ris in g fro m d is p u te s. T h is is a le g a l q u e stio n b u t n o t cen su re. " W h a t is here a le g a l q u e stio n a s w e ll a s ce n su re ? A le g a l q u e stio n a ris in g fro m ce n su re is a le g a l q u e stio n as w e ll as cen su re. || 13 j| (C an th e re be) a n o ffen ce a n d a le g a l q u e stio n a ris in g fro m offences-, a n o ffe n ce (but) n o le g a l q u e stio n , a le g a l q u e stio n (bu t) n o o ffe n ce, a le g a l q u e stio n a s w e ll a s an o ffen ce ? T h e re m a y b e a n o ffen ce a n d a le g a l q u e stio n a ris in g fro m offen ces, th e re m a y b e an o ffen ce (but) n o le g a l q u e stio n , th e re m a y b e a le g a l q u e stio n (but) n o o ffen ce, th e re m a y b e a le g a l q u e stio n a s w e ll a s a n o ffen ce. [92] W h a t is h ere a n o ffe n ce a n d a le g a l q u e stio n a risin g fro m o ffen ces ? T h e fiv e cla sses o f o ffe n ces (yield ) a le g a l q u e stio n a risin g fro m o ffe n ces a n d th e se v e n cla sses o f o ffen ces (yield ) a le g a l q u e stio n a risin g fro m o ffen ces. T h is is a n o ffen ce a n d a le g a l q u e stio n a risin g fro m offen ces. " W h a t is h ere a n o ffe n ce (but) n o t a le g a l q u e stio n ? S tre a m a t t a ir m e n t a n d A tta in m e n t.1 T h is is fa llin g b u t n o t a le g a l q u e stio n . W h a t is h ere a le g a l q u e stio n (but) n o t a n o ffen ce ? A le g a l q u e stio n a ris in g fro m o b lig a tio n s , a le g a l q u e stio n a risin g fro m d is p u te s, a le g a l q u e stio n a ris in g fro m ce n su re . T h is is a le g a l q u e stio n (but) n o t a n offen ce. W h a t is h ere a le g a l q u e stio n a s w e ll a s a n o ffen ce ? A
1 F o r t h i s p l a y o f w o r d s o n a p a t t i , s o t-d p a tti a n d s a tn -d p a iti s e e B . D . i i . 1 7 7 , n . 5,

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le g a l q u e stio n a risin g fro m o ffen ces is a le g a l q u e stio n a s w ell a s a n o ffen ce. U14 j| (C an th e re be) a n o b lig a tio n a n d a le g a l q u e stio n a risin g fro m o b lig a tio n s, a n o b lig a tio n (but) no le g a l q u e stio n , a le g a l q u e stio n (but) no o b lig a tio n , a le g a l q u e stio n a s w e ll a s an o b lig a tio n ? T h e re m a y b e a n o b lig a tio n a n d a le g a l q u e stio n a risin g fro m o b lig a tio n s, th e re m a y b e a n o b lig a tio n (but) no le g a l q u e stio n , th e re m a y b e a le g a l q u e stio n (but) no o b lig a tio n , th e re m a y be a le g a l q u e stio n as w e ll a s a n o b lig a tio n . W h a t is h ere an o b lig a tio n a n d a le g a l q u e stio n a risin g fro m o b lig a tio n s ? W h a te v e r is an O rd e r's b u sin ess a n d o u g h t to b e d on e b y it : a (form al) a c t fo r w h ic h le a v e o u g h t t o be a sk e d , a (form al) a c t a t w h ic h a m o tio n is p u t, a (form al) a c t a t w h ic h a m o tio n is p u t a n d fo llo w e d b y o n e re so lu tio n , a (form al) a c t a t w h ich a m o tio n is p u t a n d fo llo w e d b y a reso lu tio n m a d e th re e tim es th is is an o b lig a tio n a n d a le g a l q u es tio n a risin g fro m o b lig a tio n s, W h a t is h ere a n o b lig a tio n (but) no le g a l q u e stio n ? A n o b lig a tio n t o a te a ch e r, an o b lig a tio n to a p re c e p to r, a n o b lig a tion to o n e w h o h a s th e sam e p re c e p to r, a n o b lig a tio n to one w h o h a s th e sam e te a ch e r. T h is is a n o b lig a tio n ' (but) n o t a le g a l q u e stio n . " W h a t is here a le g a l q u estio n (but) n o t an o b lig a tio n ? A le g a l q u e stio n a risin g fro m d is p u te s . . . a risin g fro m cen su re . . . a ris in g fro m offen ces. T h is is a le g a l q u e stio n (but) n o t an o b lig a tio n . W h a t is here a le g a l q u e stio n a s w ell as an o b lig a tio n ? A le g a l q u e stio n a risin g fro m o b lig a tio n s is a le g a l q u e stio n as w e ll as a n o b lig a tio n . |j 15 || B y h o w m a n y k in d s o f d ecisio n is a le g a l q u e stio n a risin g fro m d isp u te s a g re e d u p o n ? A le g a l q u e stio n a ris in g fro m d isp u te s is (agreed upon) b y tw o (k in d s of) d ecisio n s : b y a v e r d ic t in th e presen ce o f a n d b y th e d e cisio n o f th e m a jo r ity . I f one s a y s : C a n it b e th a t , in re sp e c t o f a le g a l q u e stio n a risin g fro m d isp u te s, w ith o u t h a v in g recou rse to o n e (kin d of) d ecisio n th e d ecisio n o f th e m a jo r ity one m a y a g re e u p o n it b y th e o th e r (kin d of) d e cisio n th e v e r d ic t in th e presen ce o f ? J he sh o u ld b e to ld : * I t ca n b e / I t is lik e th is : In th is ca se m o n k s d is p u te , s a y in g : I t is dham m a * . . . or I t is a b a d o ffe n c e / I f, m o n k s, th e se m o n k s a re a b le to s e ttle th a t

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le g a l q u e stio n , th is, m o n k s, is c a lle d a le g a l q u e stio n th a t is s e ttle d . B y w h a t is it s e ttle d ? B y a v e r d ic t in th e p resen ce of. A n d w h a t h ere (is needed) fo r a v e r d ic t in th e p resen ce o f ? T h e p re se n ce o f a n O rd er, th e p re se n ce o f ru le, th e p resen ce o f d iscip lin e, th e p re se n ce o f in d iv id u a ls . A n d w h a t h ere is th e p re se n ce of a n O rd e r ? W h e n as m a n y m o n k s a s are c o m p e te n t fo r (form al) a c ts h a v e a rriv e d , w h e n th e co n se n t of th o s e d e s e rv in g (to sen d th eir) co n se n t h a s b een b ro u g h t, w h e n b e in g fa c e to fa c e t h e y d o n o t p ro te st. T h is is here th e p re se n ce o f a n O rd er. " A n d w h a t is here th e p re se n ce o f ru le , [93] th e p resen ce o f d isc ip lin e ? I f th a t le g a l q u e s tio n is s e ttle d b y w h a te v e r is ru le ,1 b y w h a te v e r is d isc ip lin e , b y w h a te v e r is th e T e a c h e r s in stru c tio n , t h a t is h e re th e p re se n ce o f ru le, th e p re se n ce o f discipline* " A n d w h a t is h ere th e p re se n ce o f in d iv id u a ls ? W h o e v e r q u a rre ls a n d w h o e v e r h e q u a rre ls w ith , b o th , h o stile a b o u t th e m a tte r ,2 co m e fa c e to fa c e . T h is is h ere th e p re se n ce o f in d iv id u a ls. M o n k s, if a le g a l q u e stio n is s e ttle d th u s , a n d if one w h o ca rrie s it o u t o p e n s it u p a g a in , in o p e n in g u p th e re is a n o ffen ce o f e x p ia tio n .3 I f one w h o h a s g iv e n h is c o n s e n t4 c ritic is e s it, in c ritic is in g th e r e is a n o ffe n ce o f e x p ia tio n .5 jj 16 ]| I f, m o n k , th e s e m o n k s a re n o t a b le to s e ttle th a t le g a l q u e stio n in t h a t resid en ce, th e n , m o n k s, the^e m o n k s sh o u ld g o to so m e re sid e n ce w h e re th e re a re m ore m o n k s. I f, m o n k s, th e s e m o n k s a s t h e y a re g o in g to t h a t re sid e n c e a re a b le to s e ttle t h a t le g a l q u e stio n on th e w a y , th is, m o n k s, is c a lle d a le g a l q u e s tio n t h a t is s e ttle d . B y w h a t is it s e ttle d ? B y a v e r d ic t in th e p re se n ce o f . . . (as in || i6||) . . . in c r itic is in g th e re is a n o ffe n ce o f e x p ia tio n . || 1 7 || " I f, m o n k s, th e se m o n k s a s t h e y a re g o in g to th a t re sid e n ce a re n o t a b le t o s e ttle t h a t le g a l q u e stio n o n th e w a y , th e n ,
1 d h a m m en a . * O ld e n b e r g 's t e x t r e a d s a tta p a c c a tth ik d . I t s h o u ld p r o b a b l y b e a tth a P e r h a p s t h e r e f e r e n c e is t o " t h e t w o w h o a r e l i t i g a t i n g a b o u t t h e m a t t e r .* * T h e p h r a s e is n o t u s u a l l y r e p e a t e d in t h e s u b s e q u e n t p a r a ll e l p a s s a g e s ; b u t se e p . 1 2 9 b e lo w . 3 P a c . 63. 4 c h a n d a d d y a k a , p r o b a b l y m e a n in g h a s g iv e n h is c o n s e n t f o r t h e f o r m a l a c t t o b e c a r r i e d o u t w i t h o u t h im a s , t h r o u g h illn e s s , h e c a n n o t b e p r e s e n t f o r it . P U c. 7 9 .

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m o n ks, th ese m o n ks, h a v in g a rriv e d a t th a t resid en ce, sh o u ld sp e a k th u s to th e resid en t m o n k s : T h is le g a l q u e stio n , y o u r reveren ces, h a s a risen th u s, h a s sp ru n g u p th u s. I t w ere g o o d if th e v e n e ra b le ones co u ld s e ttle th is le g a l q u e stio n b y rule, b y d iscip lin e, b y th e T e a c h e r s in stru c tio n , so t h a t th is le g a l q u e stio n m a y b e p r o p e rly s e ttle d / I f, m o n k s, th e re sid e n t m o n k s are th e sen io r a n d th e in -co m in g m o n k s th e m ore n e w ly o rd ain ed , th e n , m o n ks, th e in -co m in g m o n k s sh o u ld be sp o k en to th u s b y th e re sid e n t m o n k s : P le a s e do y o u , v e n e ra b le ones, rem a in a t a re sp e c tfu l d ista n c e fo r a m o m e n t u n til w e h a v e co n sid e re d / B u t if, m o n k s, th e re sid e n t m o n k s a re th e m ore n e w ly o rd a in e d a n d th e in -co m in g m o n k s are th e senior, th e n , m o n k s, th e in -co m in g m o n k s sh o u ld b e sp o k e n to th u s b y th ese resid en t m o n k s : W e ll th e n , d o y o u , v e n e ra b le ones, re m a in ju s t h ere fo r a m o m en t u n til w e h a v e co n sid e re d / If, m o n k s, it o ccu rs t o th ese re sid e n t m o n k s w h ile t h e y are th u s co n sid erin g : W e a re n o t a b le to s e ttle th is le g a l q u e stio n a c co rd in g to ru le, a c co rd in g to d iscip lin e, a c co rd in g to th e T e a c h e r s in s tr u c tio n , t h a t le g a l q u e stio n sh o u ld n o t b e ta k e n u p . B u t if, m o n k s, it o c cu rs to th e re sid e n t m o n k s w h ile t h e y a re th u s co n sid erin g : ' W e are a b le to s e ttle th is le g a l q u e stio n a c co rd in g to ru le , a c c o rd in g to d iscip lin e, a c co rd in g t o th e T e a c h e r s in s tr u c tio n , m o n k s, th e in c o m in g m o n k s sh o u ld be sp o k en to th u s b y th ese re sid e n t m o n k s : ' I f y o u , v e n e ra b le ones, [94] w ill te ll u s h o w th is le g a l q u e stio n h as arisen , h o w it h as sp ru n g u p , th e n in so fa r a s w e s e ttle th is le g a l q u e stio n a c co rd in g to ru le, a c co rd in g to d iscip lin e, a c co rd in g to th e T e a c h e r 's in s tru c tio n , so w ill it b e s e ttle d .1 In th is w a y w e w ill ta k e u p th is le g a l q u e stio n . B u t if y o u , v e n e ra b le ones, w ill n o t te ll u s h o w th is le g a l q u e stio n h a s a risen , h o w it h a s sp ru n g u p , th e n in so fa r as w e s e ttle th is le g a l q u e stio n a c c o rd in g to . . . th e T e a c h e r s in stru c tio n , so w ill it be se ttle d . B u t w e w ill n o t ta k e u p th is le g a l q u e s tio n / H a v in g th u s a rra n g e d it p ro p e rly , m o n k s, th a t le g a l q u e stio n sh o u ld be ta k e n u p b y th e re sid e n t m o n k s. M on ks, th e re sid e n t m o n k s sh o u ld b e sp o k e n to th u s b y th e in c o m in g m o n k s : W e w ill te ll th e v e n e ra b le o n es h o w th is le g a l q u e stio n h a s arisen , h o w it h a s sp ru n g u p . I f th e v e n e ra b le ones are a b le w ith o r
1 M e a n in g t h a t t h e in c o m in g m o n k s m u s t a b i d e b y t h e d e c is io n .

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w ith o u t th is m u c h 1 to s e ttle th is le g a l q u e stio n a c c o rd in g to ru le , a c c o rd in g to d isc ip lin e , a c c o r d in g to th e T e a c h e r s in s tr u c tio n , th e n w ill it b e p r o p e r ly s e ttle d , a n d w e w ill th e re fo re g iv e th is le g a l q u e stio n in to th e c h a rg e o f th e v e n e ra b le ones* B u t if th e v e n e ra b le o n e s a re n o t a b le w ith o r w ith o u t th is m u c h to s e ttle th is le g a l q u e stio n a c c o rd in g to . * . th e T e a c h e r s in stru c tio n , th e n w ill it b e n o t p r o p e r ly s e ttle d a n d w e w ill n o t g iv e th is le g a l q u e stio n in to th e c h a rg e o f th e v e n e ra b le ones w e o u rse lv e s w ill b e co m e th e m a s te rs 2 in re g a rd t o th is le g a l q u e s tio n .1 H a v in g th u s a rra n g e d it p ro p e rly , m o n k s, th e in c o m in g m o n k s sh o u ld g iv e th a t le g a l q u e stio n in to th e c h a rg e o f th e re sid e n t m o n k s. M o n k s, if .th ese m o n k s a re a b le to s e ttle t h a t le g a l q u e stio n , th is, m o n k s , is c a lle d a le g a l q u e stio n th a t is s e ttle d . B y w h a t is it s e ttle d ? . * . (as in || 16 || . . . in c r itic is in g , th e re is a n o ffen ce o f e x p ia tio n . || 18 || If, m o n k s, w h ile th o se m o n k s arfc in v e s tig a tin g t h a t le g a l q u e stio n b o th e n d le ss d is p u ta tio n s a ris e ,3 a n d o f n o t o n e sp ee ch is th e m e a n in g c le a r, I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to s e ttle a le g a l q u e stio n lik e th is b y m e a n s o f a re fe re n d u m .4 A m o n k p o ssessed o f te n q u a litie s sh o u ld b e a g re e d u p o n fo r th e re fe re n d u m : one w h o 'is m o ra l in h a b it ,6 w h o liv e s re s tra in e d b y th e re stra in t o f th e P a tim o k k h a , w h o , possessed o f g o o d c o n d u c t, sees d a n g e r in th e s lig h te s t fa u lts , w h o ta k e s u p a n d tr a in s h im s e lf in th e ru les o f tra in in g , w h o h a s -heard m u c h , a n e x p e r t in th e h e a rd , a sto re h o u se o f th e h e a rd ; th o se th in g s w h ic h , lo v e ly a t th e b e g in n in g , lo v e ly in th e m id d le a n d lo v e ly a t th e en d in g , d e c la re w ith th e sp irit, w ith th e le tte r th e B r a h m a - fa r in g u t t e r ly fu lfille d , w h o lly p u rifie d th in g s lik e th is are m u c h h e a rd b y h im , le a r n t b y h e a rt, r e p e a te d o u t lo u d , p o n d e red u p o n , co n sid ere d c a r e fu lly , w e ll p e n e tr a te d b y v isio n ; b o th th e P a tim o k k h a s a re p r o p e r ly h a n d e d d o w n to h im in d e ta il, p ro p e r ly se c tio n e d , p r o p e r ly r e g u la te d , p r o p e r ly in v e s tig a te d c la u s e b y c la u se [95] a s to th e lin g u is tic fo rm ; h e co m es to b e
1 etta k e n a v d a n ta ren a . * sdm ino> r e n d e r e d a s ** w e s h a ll r e t a i n t h e c u s t o d y a t V i n . T e x t s iii. 49. * a n a g g d n i c eva b k a s s d n i , V A . 1 1 9 7 r e a d s a n a n td n i f o r a n a g g d n i, a n d g lo s s e s b y a p a r im a n d n i, li m it le s s . S e e V i n . ii. 305. * u b b d h ik d y a t a c o m m i t t e e . S e e C V . X I I . 2. 7 . T h e f o llo w in g p a s s a g e = A . v . 71. 6 A s a t V i n . i v . 5 1 t o ** l in g u i s t i c f o r m ** b e lo w ; a n d a s a t A . ii. 2 2 23 t o ** v i s io n b e lo w . F o r f u r t h e r r e f e r e n c e s s e e B . D . ii. 2 6 5 2 6 6 . S e e a ls o C V . I X . 5. 1 .

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c le v e r in d isc ip lin e , im p e r tu r b a b le ; he co m e s to be c o m p e te n t in c o n v in c in g b o th o f th o se w h o are h o s tile a b o u t th e m a tte r, in w in n in g th e m o v e r, in m a k in g th e m co n sid er, in u n d e rsta n d in g , in re co n c ilin g th e m ; h e co m es to b e sk ille d in s e ttlin g a le g a l q u e stio n t h a t h a s a risen ; h e k n q w s w h a t is a le g a l q u e stio n ; h e k n o w s th e u p risin g o f a le g a l q u e stio n ; he k n o w s th e sto p p in g o a le g a l q u e stio n ; h e k n o w s th e co u rse le a d in g to th e s to p p in g o f a le g a l q u e stio n . I a llo w , m o n k s, a m o n k p o ssessed o f th e se te n q u a litie s to b e a g re e d u p o n fo r a re fere n d u m . |[ 19 || " A n d th u s , m o n k s, sh o u ld h e b e a g re e d u p o n : F ir s t, a m o n k sh o u ld be a s k e d ; h a v in g a sk e d h im , th e O rd e r sh o u ld b e in fo rm ed b y a n e x p e rie n c e d c o m p e te n t m o n k , s a y in g ; ' H o n o u re d sirs, le t th e O rd e r lis te n to m e. W h ile w e w ere in v e s tig a tin g th is le g a l q u e stio n b o th en d less d is p u ta tio n s arose a n d o f n o t o n e sp ee ch w a s th e m e a n in g c le a r. I f it seem s rig h t to th e O rd er, th e O rd e r m a y a g ree u p o n th e m o n k S o -an d -so a n d S o -an d -so to s e ttle th is le g a l q u e stio n b y m ea n s o f a re fere n d u m . T h is is th e m o tio n . H o n o u re d sirs, le t th e O rd e r liste n to m e. W h ile w e w e re in v e s tig a tin g th is le g a l q u e stio n . . , w a s th e m e a n in g c le a r. T h e O rd e r is a g re e in g u p o n th e m o n k S o -an d -so a n d S o -a n d -so to s e ttle th is le g a l q u estio n b y m e a n s o f a re fere n d u m . I f th e a g re e m e n t u p o n th e m o n k So -an d -so a n d S o -an d -so to s e ttle th is le g a l q u e stio n b y m ea n s of a re fere n d u m is p le a sin g t o th e v e n e ra b le o n es, t h e y sh o u ld b e sile n t ; h e to w h o m it is n o t p le a s in g sh o u ld sp e a k . T h e m o n k S o -a n d -so a n d So-an d -so is a g re e d u p o n b y th e O rd er to s e ttle th is le g a l q u e stio n b y m ea n s o f a re fe re n d u m . I t is p le a sin g . . . . T h u s do I u n d e rsta n d th is / || 20 |j " I f, m o n k s, th ese m o n k s are a b le to s e ttle th is le g a l q u e stio n b y m e a n s o f a re fe re n d u m , th is, m o n k s, is c a lle d a le g a l q u e stio n th a t is s e ttle d . B y w h a t is it s e ttle d ? B y a v e r d ic t in th e presen ce o f. A n d w h a t is h ere n e e d e d fo r a v e r d ic t in th e presen ce o f ? T h e p resen ce o f ru le , th e p re se n ce o f d isc ip lin e , th e presen ce o f th e in d iv id u a ls . . . (as i n | | i 6 ||). . . . I f, m o n ks, th e le g a l q u e stio n is s e ttle d th u s , a n d if o n e w h o ca rrie s it o u t op en s it u p a g a in , in o p e n in g u p th e re is an o ffen ce o f e x p ia tio n .1 || 21 ||
1 P a c . 63. F*

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I f, m o n k s, w h ile th e s e m o n k s a re in v e s tig a tin g th a t le g a l q u e stio n th e re sh o u ld b e th e re a m o n k w h o is a s p e a k e r o f dham m a b u t to w h o m n e ith e r th e ru le 1 co m es to h a v e b een h a n d e d d o w n n o r th e a n a ly s is o f th e r u le ,2 if h e , n o t co n sid erin g th e m e a n in g , h o ld s b a c k th e m e a n in g u n d e r th e sh a d o w o f th e le tte r , th e s e m o n k s sh o u ld b e in fo rm e d b y an e x p e rie n c e d , c o m p e te n t m o n k , s a y in g : L e t th e v e n e ra b le o n es lis te n to m e. T h is m o n k S o -a n d -so is a s p e a k e r o f dham m a , b u t h e is one to w h o m n e ith e r th e ru le n o r th e a n a ly s is o f th e ru le h a s b een h a n d e d d o w n ; n o t c o n sid e rin g th e m e a n in g , h e h o ld s b a c k th e m e a n in g u n d e r th e s h a d o w o f th e le tte r . I f it se e m s r ig h t to th e v e n e ra b le o n es, [96] le t th e re m a in d e r, h a v in g h a d th is m o n k r e m o v e d ,3 s e ttle t h a t le g a l q u e s tio n / I f, m o n k s, th e se m o n k s, h a v in g h a d t h a t m o n k re m o v e d , a re a b le to s e ttle t h a t le g a l q u e stio n , th is, m o n k s , is c a lle d a le g a l q u e stio n th a t is s e ttle d . B y w h a t is it s e ttle d ? B y a v e r d ic t in th e p resen ce of. A n d w h a t is h ere n eed ed fo r a v e r d ic t in th e p re se n ce o f ? T h e p re se n c e o f ru le, th e p resen ce o f d is c ip lin e , th e p re se n ce o f in d iv id u a ls . . . (as in || 16 ||). . . . M o n k s, if a le g a l q u e stio n is s e ttle d th u s , a n d if o n e w h o c a rrie s it o u t o p en s it u p a g a in , in o p e n in g u p th e re is an o ffe n ce o f e x p ia tio n . | J 22 | | I f, m o n k s, w h ils t th o s e m o n k s a re in v e s tig a tin g th e le g a l q u e stio n th e r e sh o u ld b e th e re a m o n k w h o is a sp e a k e r o f dham m a a n d o n e to w h o m th e ru le h a s b e en h a n d e d d o w n b u t n o t th e a n a ly s is o f th e ru le, if h e, n o t c o n sid e rin g th e m e a n in g , h o ld s b a c k th e m e a n in g u n d e r th e sh a d o w o f th e le tte r , th e s e m o n k s sh o u ld b e in fo rm e d b y a n e x p e rie n c e d , c o m p e te n t m o n k , s a y in g : L e t th e v e n e ra b le o n es liste n to m e. T h is m o n k S o -a n d -so is a sp e a k e r o f dham m a a n d h e is one t o w h o m th e ru le h a s b e e n h a n d e d d o w n b u t n o t th e a n a ly s is o f th e ru le ; n o t c o n s id e rin g th e m e a n i n g .................... in o p e n in g u p th e re is a n o ffe r e e o f e x p ia tio n . | | 23 || I f, m o n k s , th e s e m o n k s a re n o t a b le t o s e ttle th a t le g a l
1 s u tta , in t h e s in g u la r . I t c a n n o t w e l l m e a n , h e r e t h e " t r a d i t i o n **, a g a m a , o r t h e s a y in g s in w h ic h d h a m m a w a s s e t f o r t h . F 0 1 t h is m o n k e v i d e n t l y k n e w d h a m m a , w h ic h , a b o v e , m u s t b e d if f e r e n t f r o m s u tta . T h e r e is a ls o a d if f e r e n c e b e t w e e n k n o w i n g a r u le o r c l a u s e , su tta (in t h e s e n s e in w h ic h it is s o m e t im e s u s e d in V i n .) a n d i t s a n a l y s i s , w h ic h im p lie s a w id e r k n o w le d g e a s o f t h e m a t e r i a l s u r r o u n d in g a r u le o f t r a i n i n g . O n s u tta . a s u s e d in V i n . s e e B . D . i. I n t r . p . x . V A . 1 1 9 7 s a y s su tta is m a tik d , h e a d in g o r s u m m a r y . * su tta v ib h a n g a ; V A . 1 1 9 7 s a y s " n o t v e r s e d in d is c ip lin e " (v in a y a ). v n tth a p e tv d .

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q u e stio n b y a re fere n d u m , m o n k s, t h a t le g a l q u e stio n sh o u ld b e g iv e n in to th e c h a rg e o f a n O rd e r b y th ese m o n k s, s a y in g : 4W e , h o n o u re d sirs, are n o t a b le to s e ttle th is le g a l q u e stio n b y a re fere n d u m . L e t th e O rd e r its e lf s e ttle th is le g a l q u e s tio n .' I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to s e ttle a le g a l q u e stio n lik e th is b y th e d ecisio n o f th e m a jo r it y .1 A m o n k p o ssessed o f fiv e q u a litie s sh o u ld b e a g re e d u p o n as d is tr ib u to r o f (vo tin g ) tic k e ts . . . (as in I V . 9). . . . . . T h u s d o I u n d e rsta n d th is .' T h e m o n k w h o is th e d is tr ib u to r o f (v o tin g ) tic k e ts sh o u ld m a k e th e (vo tin g ) t ic k e ts p a ss ro u n d . A c c o r d in g to th e w a y in w h ich th e g r e a te r n u m b e r o f m o n k s w h o p ro fess dham m a sp e a k , so sh o u ld th is le g a l q u e stio n b e s e ttle d . T h is , m o n k s, is ca lle d a le g a l q u e stio n th a t is se ttle d . B y w h a t is it s e t t le d ? By a v e r d ic t in th e p re se n ce o f a n d b y th e d ecisio n o f th e m a jo r ity . A n d w h a t is h ere (n eeded for) a v e r d ic t in th e p resen ce o f ? T h e presen ce o f a n O rd er, th e p resen ce o f ru le, th e p resen ce o f d iscip lin e, th e p re se n ce o f th e in d iv id u a ls . A n d w h a t is h ere th e p re se n ce o f a n O rd e r ? . . . (as in 1 4 . 16 ). . . * T h is is here th e p resen ce o f th e in d iv id u a ls . " A n d w h a t is h e re th e d e cisio n o f th e m a jo r ity ? W h a te v e r is th e c a r ry in g o u t o f, th e p e rfo rm a n c e o f, th e u n d e r ta k in g of, th e a ss e n tin g to , th e a c c e p ta n c e o f, th e n o n -p ro te stin g a g a in st a (form al) a c t (settled ) b y th e d ecisio n o f th e m a jo r ity , th is is here th e d ecisio n o f th e m a jo r ity . I f, m o n k s, a le g a l q u e stio n is se ttle d th u s, a n d if o n e w h o ca rrie s it o u t o p en s it u p a g ain , in o p e n in g u p th e re is a n o ffen ce o f e x p ia tio n ; if o n e w h o h a s g iv e n h is c o n se n t c ritic ise s it, in c r itic is in g th e re is an offen ce o f e x p ia tio n / ' 2 j| 24 || [97] N o w a t t h a t tim e a t S a v a tth I a le g a l q u e stio n h a d arisen th u s , h a d sp ru n g u p th u s . T h e n th e s e m o n k s w ere d isp le a se d w ith th e se ttle m e n t o f th e le g a l q u e stio n b y th e O rd e r a t S a v a tth I . T h e y h e a rd it sa id : " In a c e rta in resid en ce se v e ra l e ld ers a re s ta y in g w h o h a v e h e a rd m u c h , to w h o m th e tra d itio n h a s b een h a n d e d d o w n , e x p e rts in dham m a , e x p e r ts in d iscip lin e, e x p e r ts in th e h e a d in g s, le a rn e d , e x p e rie n c e d , c le v e r , c o n scien tio u s, sc ru p u lo u s, d e siro u s o f tr a in in g ; if th e se eld ers w o u ld s e ttle th is le g a l q u e stio n a c c o rd in g to ru le , a c c o rd in g to d is c ip line, a c co rd in g to th e T e a c h e r 's in stru c tio n , th u s w o u ld th is
1 y c b h u y y a s ik a y a . S e e C V . I V . 9.

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le g a l q u e stio n b e p r o p e r ly s e t t le d / ' T h e n th e s e m o n k s, h a v in g go n e to t h a t re sid e n ce , s p o k e th u s t o th o s e eld ers : T h is le g a l q u e stio n , h o n o u re d sirs, aro se th u s , sp ra n g u p th u s. I t w e re g o o d , h o n o u re d sirs, i f th e e ld e rs w ere to s e ttle th is le g a l q u e stio n a c c o r d in g to ru le, a c c o rd in g t o d isc ip lin e , a c co rd in g to th e T e a c h e r s in stru c tio n , so th a t th is le g a l q u e stio n m ig h t b e p r o p e r ly s e t t le d / ' T h e n th e s e eld ers th o u g h t : B e c a u s e th is le g a l q u e stio n w a s s e ttle d b y th e O rd e r a t S a v a tth I , it w a s th e re fo re p r o p e r ly s e t t le d / ' a n d t h e y s e ttle d th a t le g a l q u e stio n in th e sa m e w a y . T h e n th e se m o n k s w e re d isp le a se d w ith th e se ttle m e n t o f th e le g a l q u e stio n b y th e O rd e r a t S a v a tth I , th e y w e re d isp le a se d w ith th e s e ttle m e n t o f th e le g a l q u estio n b y th e s e v e ra l eld ers. T h e y h e a rd it s a id : In a c e r ta in re sid e n ce th re e e ld ers a re s t a y in g . * . tw o e ld e rs a re s t a y in g . . . o n e e ld e r is s t a y in g w h o h a s h e a rd m u ch , to w h o m th e tr a d itio n h a s been h a n d e d d o w n . . . d esiro u s o f tr a in in g ; i f th is e ld e r w o u ld s e ttle th is le g a l q u e stio n a c c o rd in g to . , . th e T e a c h e r 's in stru c tio n , th u s w o u ld th is le g a l q u e stio n b e p r o p e r ly s e ttle d / ' T h e n th e se m o n k s , h a v in g g o n e t o th a t re sid e n ce , sp o k e th u s to th a t e ld e r : T h is le g a l q u e stio n , h o n o u re d sir, aro se th u s, sp ra n g u p th u s . I t w e re g o o d , h o n o u re d sir, i f th e e ld e r w ere to s e ttle th is le g a l q u e stio n a c c o r d in g to . * . th e T e a c h e r 's in s tru c tio n , so th a t th is le g a l q u e stio n m ig h t b e p ro p e r ly s e t t le d / ' T h e n t h a t e ld e r th o u g h t : B e c a u s e th is le g a l q u e stio n w a s s e ttle d b y th e O rd e r a t S a v a tth I , b e ca u se th is le g a l q u e stio n w a s s e ttle d b y s e v e r a l e ld ers, b e c a u se th is le g a l q u e stio n w a s s e ttle d b y th re e eld ers, b e c a u s e th is le g a l q u e stio n w a s s e ttle d b y tw o eld ers it w a s th e re fo re p r o p e r ly s e t t le d / ' a n d h e s e ttle d t h a t le g a l q u e stio n in th e sa m e w a y . T h e n th e se m o n k s, d is p le a se d w ith th e s e ttle m e n t o f th e le g a l q u e stio n b y th e O rd e r a t S a v a tth I , d is p le a se d w ith th e s e ttle m e n t o f th e le g a l q u e stio n b y th e s e v e r a l eld ers . . . b y th e th re e eld ers . . . b y th e tw o e ld ers, d is p le a se d w ith th e se ttle m e n t o f th e le g a l q u e stio n b y th e o n e e ld e r, a p p ro a c h e d th e L o r d ; h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d , t h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : M o n k s, th is le g a l q u e stio n is d o n e w ith , it is e x h a u s te d ,1 it is s e ttle d , it is p r o p e r ly s e ttle d . j| 25 ||
1 s a v ta is b o t h t r a n q u i llis e d . w orn o u t, e x h a u ste d and (m o re c o m m o n ly ) app eased ,

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< r I a llo w , m o n ks, in o rd er to c o n v in c e th e se m o n k s, th r e e m e th o d s o f ta k in g v o te s i 1 th e se cre t, th e w h is p e rin g in th e ear, th e o p en . A n d w h a t, m o n k s, is th e secret m e th o d o f t a k in g v o te s ? T h e m o n k w h o is th e d is tr ib u to r o f v o tin g tic k e ts , [98] h a v in g m a d e th e tic k e ts d iffe re n t 2 (from one a n o th e r), h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d e a c h m o n k , sh o u ld s p e a k to h im th u s : ' T h is tic k e t is fo r o n e o f su c h a v ie w , th is tic k e t is for one o f su ch a v ie w . T a k e w h ic h e v e r y o u lik e .' W h e n h e h a s ta k e n it, h e sh o u ld be to ld : A n d do n o t sh o w it to a n y b o d y .' I f h e fin d s t h a t th e m a jo r ity p ro fe ss w h a t is n o t -dham m a a n d th in k s (the v o tin g is) w r o n g ly ta k e n (the result) sh o u ld be r e je c te d .3 I f he fin d s th a t th e m a jo r it y p ro fess dham m a an d th in k s (th e v o tin g is) r ig h t ly ta k e n (the result) sh o u ld be a n n o u n ce d . T h is , m o n k s, is th e se c re t (m e th o d of) ta k in g v o te s. " A n d w h a t, m o n k s, is th e m e th o d o f ta k in g v o te s b y w h isp e rin g in th e e a r ? T h e m o n k w h o is th e d is tr ib u to r o f v o tin g t ic k e ts sh o u ld s p e a k in to th e e a r o f e a ch m o n k , s a y in g : ' T h is tic k e t is fo r one o f su c h a v ie w , th is tic k e t is fo r one o f su c h a v ie w . T a k e w h ic h e v e r y o u lik e .' W h e n h e h as ta k e n it, h e sh o u ld be to ld : 'A n d d o n o t te ll a n y o n e a b o u t i t .' I f h e fin d s th a t th e m a jo r it y p ro fess w h a t is n o t -dham m a a n d th in k s (the v o tin g is) w r o n g ly ta k e n (the result) sh o u ld be rejected - I f h e finds th a t th e m a jo r it y p ro fess dham m a a n d th in k s (th e v o tin g is) r ig h t ly ta k e n (the resu lt) sh o u ld be a n n o u n ce d . T h is , m o n k s, is th e m e th o d o f ta k in g v o te s b y w h isp e rin g in th e ear. A n d w h a t, m o n k s, is th e o p e n m e th o d o f ta k in g v o te s ? I f he fin d s th a t th o se w h o p ro fess dham m a a re in th e m a jo r it y , b e ca u se o f h is v e r y co n fid en ce h e sh o u ld m a k e th e m t a k e o p e n ly . T h is , m o n k s, is th e op en m e th o d o f t a k in g v o te s . T h e se , m o n k s, are th e th re e m e th o d s of t a k in g v o te s . || 26 || " B y h o w m a n y (k in d s of) d e cisio n s is a le g a l q u e stio n a risin g fro m ce n su re a g re e d u p o n ? A le g a l q u e stio n a risin g
1 s a la k a g a h a , m o r e l i t e r a l l y " d i s t r i b u t i n g (o r, m a k in g p a s s ) t h e ( v o t in g ) t ic k e t s .* a vanndvanna. V A . 1 1 9 8 s a y s t h a t t h e t i c k e t s f o r t h o s e w h o p r o fe s s d h a m m a a n d fo r t h o s e w h o p r o f e s s n o n -d h a m m a s h o u ld b e m a r k e d b y d if f e r e n t s ig n s , n im itta ( n o t d if f e r e n t c o lo u r s , a s a t V i n . T e x t s iii. 5 6 ). a p a ccju kk a 4 $ h ita b b a m . V A . 1 1 9 8 s a y s ( t h e d is t r ib u t o r ) " h a v i n g s a id t h e t i c k e t s w e r e w r o n g l y t a k e n , h a v i n g d i s t r ib u t e d t h e m a g a in , m a y d i s t r i b u t e t h e m u p t o a t h ir d tim e .* '

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fro m cen su re is a g re e d u p o n b y fo u r (k in d s of) d e cisio n s : b y a v e r d ic t in th e p re se n ce o f, b y a v e r d ic t o f in n o cen ce , b y a v e r d ic t o f p a s t in s a n ity , b y a d e cisio n fo r sp ecific d e p r a v ity . I f one s a y s : C a n it b e t h a t , in re sp e c t o f a le g a l q u e stio n a risin g fro m ce n su re , w ith o u t h a v in g re co u rse to tw o (kin d s of) d e cisio n s th e v e r d ic t o f p a s t in s a n ity a n d th e d ecision fo r sp ecific d e p r a v it y one m a y a g re e u p o n it b y tw o (k in d s of) d e cisio n s th e v e r d ic t in th e p re se n c e o f a n d th e v e r d ic t o f in n o c e n c e ? ' h e sh o u ld b e to ld : 4 I t c a n b e / I t is lik e th is : T h is is a c a se w h e re m o n k s d e fa m e a m o n k w ith an u n fo u n d e d c h a rg e o f fa llin g a w a y fro m m o ra l h a b it. M on ks, a v e r d ic t o f in n o c e n c e sh o u ld b e g iv e n to t h a t m o n k w h o h a s re m e m b e re d f u lly .1 A n d th u s , m o n k s, sh o u ld it be g iv e n : T h a t m o n k , h a v in g a p p r o a c h e d th e O rd er, h a v in g a rra n g e d his u p p e r ro b e o v e r o n e sh o u ld er, h a v in g h o n o u re d th e fe e t o f th e sen io r m o n k s, h a v in g s a t d o w n on h is h a u n c h e s, h a v in g s a lu te d w ith jo in e d p a lm s, sh o u ld s p e a k th u s to it : ' H o n o u re d sirs, m o n k s d e fa m e d m e w ith a n u n fo u n d e d c h a rg e o f fa llin g a w a y fro m m o ra l h a b it. B u t I , h o n o u re d sirs, h a v in g re m e m b e red fu lly , a s k th e O rd e r fo r a v e r d ic t o f in n o c e n c e / A n d a se c o n d tim e it sh o u ld b e a s k e d fo r. A n d a th ir d tim e it sh o u ld b e a sk e d fo r. T h e O rd e r sh o u ld b e in fo rm e d b y an e x p e rie n c e d c o m p e te n t m o n k , s a y in g : H o n o u re d sirs, le t th e O rd e r lis te n to m e. M o n k s d e fa m e d th e m o n k S o -a n d -so w ith an u n fo u n d e d c h a rg e o f fa llin g a w a y fro m m o ra l h a b it ; he, h a v in g re m e m b e re d fu lly , is a s k in g th e O rd e r fo r a v e r d ic t o f in n o cen ce. [99] I f it se e m s r ig h t to th e O rd e r . . . (as in I V . 4 . i o ) . . . . T h u s d o I u n d e rs ta n d th is / T h is , m o n k s, is c a lle d a le g a l q u e stio n th a t is s e ttle d . B y w h a t is it se ttle d ? B y a v e r d ic t in th e p re se n ce o f a n d b y a v e r d ic t o f in n o cen ce. A n d w h a t is h ere n e e d e d fo r a v e r d ic t in th e p resen ce o f ? T h e p re se n ce o f th e O rd er, th e p re se n ce o f ru le , th e p re se n ce o f d is c ip lin e a n d th e p resen ce o f th e in d iv id u a ls . . . (#s at I V . 14. 16 ). . . . A n d w h a t is h e re th e p resen ce o f th e in d iv id u a ls ? W h o e v e r q u a rre ls a n d w h o e v e r h e q u a rre ls w ith , if b o th c o m e fa c e to fa c e ,2 th is is h ere th e p re se n ce o f th e in d iv id u a ls .
1 C f . a b o v e , I V . 4. i o , 2 A s a t C V . I V . 14. 16 , b u t o m i t t i n g " h o s t il e a b o u t t h e m a t t e r .

135 A n d w h a t is h ere n eed ed fo r a v e r d ic t o f in n o cen ce ? W h a te v e r is th e c a r r y in g o u t o f, th e p e rfo rm a n ce o f, th e u n d e r ta k in g of, th e a ss e n tin g to , th e a c c e p ta n c e of, th e n o n p r o te s tin g a g a in s t a fo rm a l a c t fo r a v e r d ic t o f in n o cen ce , th a t is w h a t is n eed ed here fo r a v e r d ic t o f in n o cen ce . I f, m o n k s, a le g a l q u e stio n is s e ttle d th u s , a n d o n e w h o c a rrie s it o u t o p en s it u p a g a in , in o p e n in g u p th e re is a n o ffen ce o f e x p ia tio n . I f one w h o h a s g iv e n h is co n se n t c ritic is e s it, in c ritic is in g th ere is an o ffen ce o f e x p ia tio n . || 27 || " I f o n e s a y s : * C a n it be th a t, in re sp e c t o f a le g a l q u estio n a risin g fro m ce n su re , w ith o u t h a v in g reco u rse to tw o (kin d s of) d ecisio n s th e v e r d ic t o f in n o cen ce a n d th e d ecisio n fo r sp ecific d e p r a v it y one m a y a g ree u p o n it b y tw o (k in d s of) d ecisio n s th e v e r d ic t in th e p resen ce o f a n d th e v e r d ic t o f p a s t in s a n ity ? ' h e sh o u ld b e to ld : I t c a n b e . I t is lik e th is : T h is is a ca se w h e re a m o n k b e c o m e s m a d , o u t o f h is m in d ,2 a n d w h ile h e w a s m ad , o u t o f h is m in d , he p e rp e tra te d m u ch a n d sp o k e in a w a y t h a t w a s n o t w o r th y o f a reclu se. M o n ks re p ro v e h im b e ca u se o f o ffen ces d o n e b y him w h ile h e w a s m a d , o u t o f h is m in d , s a y in g : D o es th e v e n e ra b le one re m em b er h a v in g fa lle n in to an o ffen ce lik e th is ? H e sp e a k s th u s : * I , y o u r re v e re n c e s, w a s m a d , o u t o f m y m in d ; w h ile I w a s m a d , o u t o f m y m in d , m u c h w a s p e rp e tra te d a n d sp o k e n b y m e t h a t w a s n o t w o r th y o f a reclu se. I d o n o t re m em b er th a t. T h a t w a s d o n e b y m e w h ile I w a s in s a n e / A lth o u g h b e in g sp o k e n to th u s , t h e y s till re p ro v e h im , s a y in g : ' D o es th e v e n e ra b le one re m e m b e r h a v in g fa lle n in to an o ffen ce lik e th a t ? * M on ks, a v e r d ic t o f p a st in s a n ity sh o u ld be g iv e n to th a t m o n k w h o is n o lo n g e r in san e. A n d th u s , m o n k s, sh o u ld it b e g iv e n : M onks, th a t m o n k , h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d th e O rd er, h a v in g a rra n g e d his u p p e r robe o v e r one sh o u ld e r . . . sh o u ld sp e a k th u s to it : I, h o n o u red sirs, w a s m a d . . . (as in I V . 5. 2 , In stea d o f G a g g a read th e m o n k S o -an d -so ). . . . T h u s do I u n d e rsta n d th is / T h is, m o n k s, is c a lle d a le g a l q u e stio n t h a t is s e ttle d . B y w h a t is it s e ttle d ? B y a v e r d ic t in th e p resen ce o f a n d b y a v e r d ic t o f p a s t in s a n ity . A n d w h a t h ere (is needed) fo r a v e r d ic t in th e p resen ce o f ? T h e p re se n ce o f th e O rd e r . . . (as in
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* A s a t I V . 5- 1 - 2 , f o r t h e m o n k G a g g a .

B O O K OF D I S C I P L I N E I36 I V . 1 4 . 16). . , . A n d w h a t is h ere (need ed for) a v e r d ic t o f p a s t in s a n ity ? [100] W h a t e v e r is th e c a r r y in g o u t of, th e p e rfo rm a n c e o f . . . th e n o n -p ro te s tin g a g a in s t a v e r d ic t o f p a st in s a n ity , t h a t h ere is w h a t (is n e e d e d for) a v e r d ic t o f p a st in s a n ity . I f, m o n k s, a le g a l q u e stio n is s e ttle d th u s a n d o n e w h o c a rrie s it o u t o p e n s i t u p a g a in , in o p e n in g u p th e re is a n o ffe n ce o f e x p ia tio n . I f o n e w h o h a s g iv e n h is co n se n t c ritic is e s it, in c r itic is in g th e re is an o ffe n ce o f e x p ia tio n .

II 28 ||
I f o n e s a y s : 1 C a n it b e t h a t , in re s p e c t o f ,a le g a l q u e stio n a risin g fro m ce n su re , w ith o u t h a v in g re co u rse to tw o (k in d s of) d e cisio n s th e v e r d ic t o f in n o c e n c e a n d th e v e r d ic t o f p a st in s a n ity one m a y a g re e u p o n it b y tw o (k in d s of) d e cisio n s th e v e r d ic t in th e p re se n ce o f a n d th e d ecisio n fo r sp ecific d e p r a v it y ? * h e sh o u ld b e to ld : ' I t c a n b e / I t is lik e th is : T h is is a c a s e w h e re a m o n k re p ro v e s a m o n k in th e m id st o f th e O rd e r fo r a se rio u s o ffen ce, s a y in g : * D o e s th e v e n e ra b le one re m e m b e r h a v in g fa lle n in to a se rio u s o ffe n ce lik e th is o n e in v o lv in g d e fe a t o r b o rd e rin g on one in v o lv in g d e fe a t ? H e s p e a k s th u s : ' I d o n o t re m e m b e r, y o u r re v e re n c e , h a v in g fa lle n in to a se rio u s o ffen ce lik e th is one in v o lv in g d e fe a t o r b o rd e rin g on o n e in v o lv in g d e fe a t/ A lth o u g h d e n y in g th is, h e presses h im , s a y i n g : P le a s e , v e n e ra b le on e, fin d o u t p r o p e r ly w h e th e r y o u re m e m b e r h a v in g fa lle n in to a serio u s o ffen ce lik e th is o n e in v o lv in g d e fe a t o r b o rd e rin g on one in v o lv in g d e fe a t/ H e s p e a k s th u s ; I , y o u r re v e re n c e , do n o t re m e m b e r h a v in g fa lle n in to a se rio u s o ffen ce lik e th is one in v o lv in g d e fe a t o r b o rd e rin g o n o n e in v o lv in g d e fe a t. B u t I , y o u r re v e re n c e , re m e m b e r h a v in g fa lle n in tb a triflin g o ffen ce lik e th is / A lth o u g h d e n y in g th is, he p resses h im , s a y in g : P le a se , v e n e ra b le one, fin d o u t p r o p e r ly w h e th e r y o u re m e m b e r . . . b o rd e rin g on o n e in v o lv in g d e fe a t/ H e sp e a k s th u s : * Y o u r re v e re n c e , u n a s k e d I a c k n o w le d g e h a v in g fa lle n in to a tr iflin g o ffe n ce lik e th is ; h o w c o u ld I , w h e n a sk e d , n o t a c k n o w le d g e h a v in g fa lle n in to a se rio u s o ffe n ce lik e th is one in v o lv in g d e fe a t o r b o rd e rin g o n o n e in v o lv in g d e fe a t ? H e s p e a k s th u s : * B u t , y o u r re v e re n c e , u n a s k e d y o u d id n o t a c k n o w le d g e h a v in g fa lle n in to a tr iflin g offen ce, so h o w w ill y o u , u n a s k e d , a c k n o w le d g e h a v in g fa lle n in to a serious^offence lik e th is one in v o lv in g d e fe a t o r b o rd e rin g o n one in v o lv in g

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d e fe a t ? P le a se , v e n e ra b le one, fin d o u t p r o p e r ly w h e th e r y o u re m em b er h a v in g fa lle n in to a serio u s o ffen ce lik e th is one in v o lv in g d e fe a t o r b o rd e rin g on one in v o lv in g d e fe a t.1 ^Je s p e a k s th u s : Y o u r re v e re n c e , 1 d o re m em b er h a v in g fa lle n in to a serio u s o ffen ce lik e th is one in v o lv in g d e fe a t o r b o rd e r in g on one in v o lv in g d e fe a t. W h e n I sa id : I do n o t re m e m b e r h a v in g fa lle n in to a seriou s offence lik e th is one in v o lv in g d e fe a t o r b o rd e rin g on one in v o lv in g d e fe a t th is w a s sa id b y m e in je s t,1 th is w a s sa id b y m e in h a s te .1 " M o n k s, a (form al) a c t fo r th e d ecisio n o f sp ecific d e p r a v it y sh o u ld b e c a rrie d o u t a g a in s t th is m o n k . A n d th u s , m o n ks, sh o u ld it b e c a rrie d o u t. T h e O rd e r sh o u ld be in fo rm ed b y a n e x p e rie n c e d , c o m p e te n t m o n k , s a y in g . . . (as in I V . 11. 2. In stea d o f th e m o n k U v a la read th e m o n k S o -an d -so ; instead o f o ffe n ces read se rio u s offen ces). . . . T h u s d o I u n d e rsta n d th is .' T h is , m o n k s, is c a lle d a [ 101] le g a l q u e stio n th a t is s e ttle d . B y w h a t is it s e ttle d ? B y a v e r d ic t in th e presen ce o f a n d b y a d e cisio n fo r sp ecific g r a v it y . A n d w h a t is h ere (needed for) a v e r d ic t in th e p resen ce o f ? T h e p resen ce o f th e O rd e r . * . (as in I V . 14 . 16 ). . . . A n d w h a t h ere is (needed for) a d e cisio n fo r sp ecific d e p r a v it y ? W h a te v e r is th e c a r ry in g o u t o f, th e p e rfo rm a n c e o f, th e u n d e r ta k in g o f, th e a ss e n tin g to , th e a c c e p ta n c e o f, th e n o n -p ro te stin g a g a in s t a d ecisio n fo r sp ecific d e p r a v ity , th a t is h ere w h a t i.c n eed ed fo r a d ecisio n fo r sp ecific d e p r a v ity . I f , m o n k s, a le g a l q u e stio n is s e ttle d th u s a n d one w h o ca rrie s i t o u t op en s it u p a g a in , in o p e n in g u p th e re is a n o ffen ce o f e x p ia tio n . I f o n e w h o h a s g iv e n h is co n se n t c ritic is e s it, in c ritic is in g th e re is a n offence o f e x p ia tio n . || 29 || B y h o w m a n y (k in d s of) d ecisio n s is-a le g a l q u e stio n a risin g fro m o ffen ces a g re e d u p o n ? A le g a l q u e stio n a ris in g fro m o ffen ces is a g re e d u p o n b y th re e (k in d s of) d ecisio n s : b y a v e r d ic t in th e p resen ce o f a n d b y th e c a r r y in g o u t o f it on h is a c k n o w le d g m e n t1 a n d b y th e c o v e rin g u p (as) w ith g ra s s .2 I f o n e s a y s : ' C a n it b e th a t, in re sp e ct o f a le g a l q u e stio n a risin g fro m offen ces, w ith o u t h a v in g reco u rse to one (k in d of) d ecisio n th e c o v e rin g u p (as) w ith g ra ss one m ay. a g ree
1 C f . V i n . i v . 4 f o r d a v a , ra v a . * S e e B .D * iii. 1 5 3 , 1 5 4 .

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u p o n it b y tw o (k in d s of) d ecisio n s th e v e r d ic t in th e p resen ce o f a n d th e c a r ry in g o u t o f it on h is a c k n o w le d g m e n t ? ' he sh o u ld be to ld : I t c a n b e / I t is lik e th is : T h is is a case w h e re a m o n k co m es to h a v e fa lle n in to a slig h t offen ce. M o n k s, th a t m o n k , h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d one m o n k , h a v in g a rra n g e d h is u p p e r ro b e o v e r o n e sh o u ld er, h a v in g sa t d o w n on h is h a u n ch es, h a v in g s tre tc h e d fo rth his jo in e d p alm s, sh o u ld s p e a k th u s to h im : * I, y o u r re v e re n ce , fa lle n in to su ch a n d su c h a n o ffen ce, co n fe ss i t / I t sh o u ld b e sa id b y h im : ' D o y o u see it ? ' Y e s , I see i t / 4 Y o u sh o u ld be re stra in ed in th e fu tu r e / T h is, m o n k s, is c a lle d a le g a l q u e stio n th a t is s e ttle d . B y w h a t is it s e ttle d ? B y a v e r d ic t in th e p resen ce o f a n d b y th e c a r r y in g o u t o f it o^i h is a ck n o w le d g m e n t* A n d w h a t h ere is (n eeded for) a v e r d ic t in th e p resen ce o f ? T h e p resen ce o f ru le 1 a n d th e p resen ce o f d isc ip lin e a n d th e p resen ce o f in d iv id u a ls . A n d w h a t here is th e p resen ce o f in d iv id u a ls ? I f b o th w h o e v e r co n fesses a n d he to w h o m he co n fesses are fa ce to fa c e , th is h ere is th e p resen ce o f in d iv id u a ls . A n d w h a t h ere is (needed for) th e c a r r y in g o u t on his a c k n o w le d g m en t ? W h a t e v e r is th e c a r ry in g o u t . . . th e n o n -p ro te stin g a g a in s t h is m a k in g a n a c k n o w le d g m e n t, th a t is h ere w h a t is n eed ed fo r h is m a k in g a n a c k n o w le d g m e n t. If, m o n k s, a le g a l q u e stio n is s e ttle d th u s , a n d th e o n e w h o a c c e p ts (the c o n fe s sion) op en s it u p a g a in , in o p e n in g u p th ere is a n o ffen ce o f e x p ia tio n , jj 30 || I f h e m a n a g e s th is th u s, it is g o o d . B u t if he d o es n o t m a n a g e it, m o n k s, th a t m o n k , h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d se v e ra l m o n k s, h a v in g a rra n g e d h is u p p e r ro b e o v e r o n e sh o u ld er, h a v in g h o n o u re d th e fe e t o f th e se n io r m o n k s, h a v in g s a t d o w n o n h is h a u n c h e s, h a v in g s tr e tc h e d fo rth h is jo in e d p alm s, sh o u ld sp e a k th u s to th e m : ' I , h o n o u re d sirs, fa lle n in to su ch a n d su c h an o ffen ce, co n fess i t / T h e se m o n k s [102] sh o u ld be in fo rm e d b y a n e x p e rie n c e d , c o m p e te n t m o n k , s a y in g : L e t th e v e n e ra b le ones liste n to m e. T h is m o n k S o -an d -so rem em b ers an o ffen ce, he d isclo ses it, he d e cla re s it, he co n fesses it. I f it seem s rig h t to th e v e n e ra b le ones, I w ill a c c e p t (the confession) o f th e m o n k S o -a n d -so s o ffe n c e / H e sh o u ld s a y :
1 P r e s e n c e o f t h e O r d e r n o t r e q u ir e d t o o n e m o n k o n ly . h e r e , a s t h e m o n k h a s c o n fe s s e d

139 D o y o u see it ? * * Y e s , I see i t / * Y o u sh o u ld b e re stra in ed in th e fu tu r e / T h is, m o n k s, is c a lle d a le g a l q u e stio n th a t is s e ttle d . B y w h a t is it s e ttle d ? B y a v e r d ic t in th e presen ce o f . . . (as in |j 30 ||) . . . in o p e n in g u p th ere is a n offence o f e x p ia tio n . H31 || I f h e m a n a g es th is th u s, it is g o o d . B u t if he d o es n o t m a n a g e it, m o n k s, th a t m o n k , h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d a n O rd e r . . . sh o u ld sp e a k th u s to it : I, h o n o u re d sirs, fa lle n in to su ch a n d su c h an offen ce, co n fess i t / T h e O rd e r sh o u ld be in fo rm ed b y an e x p e rie n ced , c o m p e te n t m o n k , s a y in g : H o n o u red sirs, le t th e O rd er liste n to m e. T h is m o n k S o -an d -so re m em b ers a n o ffen ce, he d isclo ses it, he d e cla re s it, he con fesses it. I f it seem s rig h t to th e O rd er I c o u ld a c c e p t (th e confession) o f th e m o n k S o -a n d -so 's o ffe n ce/ H e sh o u ld s a y : D o y o u see i t ? * f Y e s , I see i t / * Y o u sh o u ld be re stra in e d in th e fu tu r e / T h is, m o n k s, is c a lle d a le g a l q u e stio n th a t is s e ttle d . B y w h a t is it s e ttle d ? B y a v e r d ic t in th e presen ce o f a n d b y th e c a r ry in g o u t on h is a c k n o w le d g m e n t. A n d w h a t here is (needed for) a v e r d ic t in th e p resen ce o f ? T h e p resen ce o f th e O rd er, th e p resen ce o f ru le, th e presen ce o f d iscip lin e a n d th e presen ce o f th e in d iv id u a ls, . . . I f, m o n k s, a le g a l q u e stio n is s e ttle d th u s, a n d th e one w h o a c c e p ts (the c o n fe s sion) o p en s it u p a g a in , in o p e n in g u p th e re is an o ffen ce o f e x p ia tio n . I f one w h o h a s g iv e n h is co n sen t critic ise s it, in c ritic is in g th e re is an o ffen ce o f e x p ia tio n . || 32 || I f one s a y s : C a n it b e th a t , in re sp e c t o f a le g a l q u e stio n a risin g fro m offen ces, w ith o u t h a v in g reco u rse to one d ecisio n th e c a r r y in g o u t on h is a c k n o w le d g m e n t one m a y a g ree u p o n it b y tw o (k in d s of) d ecisio n s th e v e r d ic t in th e p resen ce o f a n d th e c o v e rin g u p (as) w ith g ra ss ? 1 he sh o u ld be to ld , * I t c a n b e / I t is lik e th is : * T h is is a case, m o n ks, w h e re w h ile m o n k s w ere s tr iv in g . . . (as in I V . 13 . 13 ). - . . T h u s d o I u n d e rsta n d th is / T h is is ca lle d , m o n k s, a le g a l q u estio n th a t is se ttle d . B y w h a t is it s e ttle d ? B y a v e r d ic t in th e p resen ce o f a n d b y a c o v e rin g u p (as) w ith g rass. A n d w h a t here is (needed for) a v e r d ic t in th e p re se n ce o f ? T h e p resen ce o f th e O rd er, th e p resen ce o f ru le, th e p resen ce o f d iscip lin e, th e presen ce o f th e in d iv id u a ls. A n d w h a t here is th e presen ce o f th e O rd e r ? W h e n a s m a n y m o n k s as are c o m p e te n t for (form al) a c ts h a v e a rriv e d , w h en th e co n sen t of those d e se rvin g

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(to sen d their) co n se n t h a s b e en b r o u g h t, w h en b e in g fa c e to fa c e t h e y d o n o t p ro te s t. T h is is h ere th e p re se n ce o f th e O rd er. A n d w h a t is h ere th e p re se n ce o f ru le , th e p re se n ce of d isc ip lin e ? I f th a t le g a l q u e stio n is s e ttle d b y w h a te v e r is ru le , b y w h a te v e r is d isc ip lin e , b y w h a te v e r is th e T e a c h e r 's in s tru c tio n ,th a t is h ere th e p re se n ce o f ru le , [ 103] th e p resen ce o f d iscip lin e. A n d w h a t is h ere th e p resen ce o f in d iv id u a ls ? I f b o th w h o e v e r co n fesses a n d he to w h o m h e co n fe sse s are fa c e to fa c e , th is is h ere th e p re se n ce o f th e in d iv id u a ls . A n d w h a t here is (n eed ed for) th e c o v e r in g u p (as) w ith g ra ss ? W h a te v e r is th e c a r r y in g o u t o f, th e p e rfo rm a n c e o f, th e u n d e r ta k in g of, th e a ss e n tin g to , th e a c c e p ta n c e o f, th e n o n -p ro te stin g a g a in s t th e c o v e r in g u p (as) w ith g ra ss, t h a t is h ere w h a t is (n eed ed for) th e c o v e r in g u p (as) w ith grass. I f, m o n k s, a le g a l q u e stio n is s e ttle d th u s , a n d i f th e one w h o a c c e p ts (the con fessio n ) o p e n s it u p , in o p e n in g u p th e re is a n o ffen ce o f e x p ia tio n . I f o n e w h o h a s g iv e n h is co n se n t c ritic is e s it, in c r itic is in g th e re is an o ffen ce o f e x p ia tio n . || 33 || B y h o w m a n y (k in d s of) d e cisio n s is a le g a l q u e stio n a risin g fro m o b lig a tio n s a g re e d u p o n ? A le g a l q u e stio n a risin g fro m o b lig a tio n s is a g re e d u p o n b y o n e (k in d of) d e cisio n : th e v e r d ic t in th e p re se n ce o f ." || 34 || 14 || T o ld is th e F o u r th S e c tio n : t h a t on S e ttle m e n ts .1 [ 104]

1 T h e r e is n o u d d d n a , s u m m a r y o r k e y t o t h i s S e c t io n .

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A t one tim e th e A w a k e n e d O n e, th e L o rd w a s s ta y in g a t R a ja g a h a in th e B a m b o o G ro v e a t th e sq u irre ls' fe e d in g p lace. N o w a t t h a t tim e th e g ro u p o f s ix m o n k s, w h ile t h e y w ere b a th in g , ru b b e d th e ir b o d ies a g a in s t a tre e a n d th e ir th ig h s a n d th e ir arm s a n d th e ir ch e sts a n d th e ir b a c k s. P e o p le lo o k ed d o w n u p o n , c ritic ise d , sp re a d it a b o u t s a y in g : H o w can th ese reclu ses, sons o f th e S a k y a n s , w h ile t h e y are b a th in g , ru b th e ir b o d ies a g a in s t a tre e . . . a n d th e ir b a c k s , lik e b o x e rs a n d w re stlers a n d y o u n g v illa g e rs ? M o n k s h e a rd th ese p eo p le w h o w ere . . . sp re a d in g it a b o u t. T h e n th ese m o n k s to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . T h e n th e L o rd o n th is o cca sio n , in th is c o n n e ctio n , h a v in g h a d th e O rd er o f m o n k s co n v e n e d , q u e stio n e d th e m o n k s, s a y in g : Is it tru e , a s is sa id , m o n k s, th a t th e g ro u p o f s ix m o n k s . . . a n d th e ir backs ? I t is tru e , L o r d . T h e A w a k e n e d O n e, th e L o rd re b u k ed th em , s a y in g : M on ks, it is n o t su ita b le in th e se fo o lish m en, it is n ot b e co m in g , it is n o t fittin g , it is n o t w o r th y o f a reclu se, it is n o t a llo w a b le , it is n o t to b e d o n e. H o w , m o n k s, ca n th e se foolish m en, w h ile t h e y a re b a th in g , ru b th e ir b o d ies a g a in st a tree . . . a n d th e ir b a c k s ? I t is n o t, m o n k s, fo r p le a sin g th o se w h o a re n o t (yet) p le a se d . . a n d h a v in g re b u k e d th e m , h a v in g g iv e n reaso n ed ta lk , h e a d d ressed th e m on ks, s a y in g : M on ks, w h ile a m o n k is b a th in g he sh o u ld n o t ru b h is b o d y a g a in s t a tre e. W h o e v e r sh o u ld (so) ru b it, th e re is an o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g ." 2 || i ||
1 g a m a p o d d a v d . W o r d v e r y u n c e r t a in , a n d s e e m s t o s h o w c o n fu s io n b e t w e e n ga m a a n d k a m a J v .l. b e in g k a m a p u d a v d . A c c o r d in g t o V i n . ii. 3 1 5 , B u . e x p la in s : k a m a p u d a v d it ch a v ir a g a m a n g a n d n u y u ttd nd g a rilia m a n u & sa / gdm a rn podavd i i p i p a d h o es*ev 'a tlh o ; t h e m e a n in g o f k a m a p u d a v d is u r b a n p e o p le a d d i c t e d t o o r n a m e n t in g a n d d y e in g t h e s k in : g d m a tn ( v illa g e ) -p od av d is a ls o a r e a d in g . T a k a k u s u a n d > J a g a i s e d n ., V A . v i . 1 1 9 9 , r e a d s : g a m a p u ta v d (v.l. g a m a m u d d a v d ) H ch a v ira g a m a ijtg a n d n u y u ltd n a g a rik a m a n u ss a . g a m a p o ta h d ( y o u n g v i l l a g e m e n ) t i p i p a lh o . 8 N o t e t h a t i t is n o t a c t u a l l y m a d e a n o ffe n c e t o r u b t h e o t h e r p a r t s o f t h e p e r s o n m e n t io n e d ; b u t d o u b t le s s t h e s e a r e m e a n t t o b e in c lu d e d .

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N o w a t t h a t tim e th e g ro u p o f s ix m o n k s, w h ile t h e y w ere b a th in g , ru b b e d th e ir b o d ie s a g a in s t a p o st . . . (s in || i ||, F o r tre e read po st) o ffe n ce o f w ro n g -d o in g / ' N o w a t t h a t tim e th e g ro u p o f s ix m o n k s, w h ile t h e y w ere b a th in g , ru b b e d th e ir b o d ie s a g a in s t a w a ll1 o ffen ce o f w r o n g - d o in g / j| 2 || N o w a t t h a t tim e th e g ro u p o f s ix m o n k s u sed to b a th e o n a ru b b in g -b o a r d .2 P e o p le sp re a d it a b o u t, s a y in g : L ik e h o u seh o ld ers [ 105] w h o e n jo y p le a su re s o f th e se n s e s / ' M o n k s h e a rd th e s e p e o p le w h o . * . sp re a d it a b o u t. . . . H a v in g re b u k e d th e m , h a v in g g iv e n re a so n ed t a lk , h e a d d re sse d th e m o n k s, s a y in g : " M o n k s, y o u sh o u ld n o t b a th e o n a ru b b in g b o a rd . W h o e v e r sh o u ld (so) b a th e , th e re is a n o ffen ce o f w r o n g -d o in g . N o w a t t h a t tim e th e g ro u p o f s ix m o n k s used to b a th e u sin g a gandhabba-ha.nd (in stru m e n t)3 . . . " . . . M o n k s, y o u sh o u ld n o t b a th e u sin g a gandhabba -h a n d (in stru m e n t). W h o e v e r s h o u ld (so) b a th e , th e re is a n o ffe n ce o f w ro n g d o in g / ' N o w a t th a t tim e th e g ro u p o f s ix m o n k s used to b a th e u sin g a s tr in g o f v e rm ilio n c o v e r e d b e a d s .4 M on ks, y o u sh o u ld n o t b a th e u sin g a s tr in g o f v e rm ilio n c o v e re d b ead s. W h o e v e r sh o u ld (so) b a th e , th e re is a n o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g / ' II 3 I I N o w a t t h a t tim e th e g ro u p o f s i x m o n k s , h a v in g p lu n g e d in to 5 (w ater) , c a u sin g a r u b b in g t o b e m a d e .6 . . . " M o n k s, y o u sh o u ld n o t, h a v in g p lu n g e d in to (w a te r), c a u se a ru b b in g
1 T h r e e k i n d s o f w a l l s a r e m e n t io n e d a t V i n . i v . 2 6 6 . V A . 119 9 sa y s t h a t it is o n e o f t h e s e . * a ttd n a . V A . 1 1 9 9 r e a d s a tth a n a , a n d e x p l a i n s t h i s a s a t r e e m a d e lik e a p l a n k o f w o o d , c u t in t o r o w s o f s q u a r e s a n d s u n k i n t o t h e g r o u n d a t a b a t h i n g fo r d . P e o p le r u b t h e i r b o d ie s t h e r e , h a v i n g s p r in k le d o n c h u n a m . * g a n d h a b b a h a tth a k a . V A . 119 9 say s 4 4 b y m eans of a w ooden hand s e t u p a t a b a t h i n g f o r d ; h a v i n g t a k e n c h u n a m w i t h t h e m , p e o p le r u b t h e i r b o d ie s . 4- k u r u v in d a k a s u tia . Q u o t e d a t M A . iii. 2 8 0 . V A . 12 0 0 s a y s , i t is c a lle d a s t r in g o f b e a d s m a d e b y g r i n d in g v e r m i lio n c h u o a m s a n d s t o n e s w ith la c d y e s . H o ld in g t h is a t b o th e n d s, t h e y lu b t h e b o d y / C f . k u r u v in d a k a c u n n a a t J d . i i i . 2 82 ( v e r m ilio n c o lo u r e d c h u n a m ) . 6 v ig a y h a . P . E . D . u n d e r v ig d h a ti s a y s , A t V i n . ii. 10 6 w e s h o u ld p r e f e r t o r e a a v ig g a y h a f o r v i g a y h a V A . 12 0 0 h a s t h e r e a d in g v ig g a y h a . O ne o f m e a n in g s o f v ig ra h in t h e S a n s k r i t D i c t i o n a r i e s is t o l a y h o ld o f . 6 b h ik k h ii v ig a y h a p a r ik a m m a n i k d r a p e n ti, e x p la in e d b y V A . 12 0 0 a s " e a c h o n e r u b b e d u p h i s b o d y a g a i n s t t h e b o d ie s o f t h e o t h e r s n o d o u b t s o m e k i n d o f e n j o y a b l e m a s s a g e o r f r ic t io n .

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to be m a d e. W h o e v e r sh o u ld (so) c a u se it, th e re is an o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g / ' N o w a t th a t tim e th e g ro u p o f s ix m o n k s used to b a th e u sin g a s c ru b b e r .1 . . . " M onks, y o u sh o u ld n o t b a th e u sin g a sc ru b b e r. W h o e v e r sh o u ld (so) b a th e , th e re is an offence o f w ro n g -d o in g . N o w a t t h a t tim e a c e rta in m o n k c a m e to b e a fflic te d b y a sc a b d isease, a n d th e re ca m e to b e n o co m fo rt fo r h im w ith o u t a sc ru b b e r. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e s a id : " I allo w , m o n k s, one w h o is ill (to use) a n u n sh a p e d s c ru b b e r / 2 j|4 |j N o w a t t h a t tim e a c e rta in m o n k , w e a k th ro u g h a g e, w a s n o t a b le w h ile b a th in g to ru b his o w n b o d y . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : I a llo w , m o n k s, a s trip o f c lo th / ' 3 N o w a t t h a t tim e th e m o n k s w e re d o u b tfu l h o w to g iv e a ru b b in g to th e ir b a c k s .4 T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, th e o r d in a r y m o d e w ith th e h a n d / '* ||5 111 II N o w a t th a t tim e th e g ro u p of s ix m o n k s w o re e a r o rn a m e n ts, t h e y w o re c h a in s ,6 t h e y w o re o rn a m e n ta l s trin g s -o f b e a d s for th e th r o a t ,7 t h e y w o re o rn a m e n ts a t th e w a is t , 8 t h e y w ore b a n g le s ,9 t h e y w o re a rm le ts ,10 th e y w o re b ra c e le ts ,11 th e y w ore
I mallaka . V A . 12 0 0 s a y s h a v i n g c u t s w o r d fis h t e e t h , i t is c a lle d a s h a p e d s c r u b b e r , katamallaka h o w in g t o i t s mallaka f o r m (o r c o n fig u r a t io n , mallaka m ula)." 8 akatamallaka. S e e p r e v i o u s n o t e ; a n d V A . 1 2 0 0 w h ic h s a y s " i t is m a d e n o t h a v in g c u t th e te e th . I t m u s t b e a b r o k e n p ie c e o f w o o d o r o f to r to is e s h e ll.* ' 3 ukkasika , e x p la in e d a t V A . 12 0 0 a s vatthavatti. Vattha is c lo t h , c lo t h in g ; vatti, a s t r ip , b a l l, p a d . O ld e n b e r g 's v e r s io n o f t h e C o r n y , r e a d s vatta (fo r vattha) w h ic h r e n d e r e d t h e w o r d u n i n t e l l i g i b l e " (s e e V in. Texts iii. 68, n . 3 ) a n d h e s e e m s n o t t o h a v e h a d a c c e s s t o t h e f u l l e x e g e s i s : tasma nahdyantassa yassa kassaci nahdnasdtakavattiya pitthim ghamsitum vattati : t h e r e fo r e w h e n a n y o n e is b a t h i n g h e m a y r u b h is b a c k w it h a s t r ip (o r p a d ) o f a c lo t h f o r b a t h in g . 4 pitthiparikamma , a s a t S A . i. 2 9 6 . 6 puthupaniya, e x p la in e d a t V A . 12 0 0 b y hatthaparikamma, h a n d t r e a t m e n t . e pamanga. S e e B .D . i. 7 7 , n . 9 . V A . 1 2 0 0 o n w o r d in a b o v e p a s s a g e s a y s w h a t e v e r is a pamangasutta. 7 kanthasuttaka. A s a t B .D . i. 78. 8 kafisuttaka. S e e B . D . i. 78 , n . 2. 9 ovattika, p e r h a p s r o u n d t h e a n k le s . Ovattika h a s a d if f e r e n t s e n s e a t m v . v i i . 1. 5. 10 kdyura, o r b r a c e le t s f o r a b o v e t h e e lb o w . C f. keyura a t D h A . ii. 2 2 0 . B u t a s n o t e d a t Vin. Texts iii. 6 9 , n . 5 . t h e J a . Corny, s a y s t h a t kayura is a n o r n a m e n t a l d e c o r a t io n f o r t h e t h r o a t . II N o d o u b t r o u n d t h e w r is t s in c e t h e y a r e c a l l e d hatthdbharana.

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fin g er rin gs. P e o p le . . . sp re a d it a b o u t, s a y in g . . . he a d d re sse d th e m o n k s, s a y in g : M o n k s, e a r o rn a m e n ts sh o u ld n o t be w o rn , c h a in s . . . o rn a m e n ta l s trin g s o f b e a d s fo r th e th r o a t . . . o rn a m e n ts a t th e w a is t . . . b a n g le s . . . a rm le ts . . . b r a c e le ts . . . fin g er rin g s sh o u ld n o t b e w o rn . W h o e v e r sh o u ld w e a r (a n y o f th ese th in g s ), th e r e is a n o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g / ' || I | ] N o w a t th a t tim e [106] th e g ro u p o f s ix m o n k s w o re th e ir h a ir lo n g . P e o p le . . . sp re a d it a b o u t . . . he a d d ressed th e m o n k s, s a y in g : " M o n k s, lo n g h a ir sh o u ld n o t b e w o rn . W h o e v e r sh o u ld w e a r it (lon g), th e re is a n o ffen ce o f w ro n g d o in g . I a llo w it to b e o f a tw o m o n th s' g r o w th o r tw o fin g e r-b re a d th s (in le n g th ) / ' || 2 |[ N o w a t t h a t tim e th e g ro u p o f s ix m o n k s sm o o th e d th e ir h a ir w ith a c o m b , t h e y sm o o th e d th e ir h a ir w ith a n in stru m e n t sh a p e d lik e a s n a k e 's h o o d ,1 t h e y sm o o th e d th e ir h a ir w ith th e ir h a n d s u sed a s an in stru m e n t sh a p e d lik e a s n a k e 's h o o d ,2 t h e y sm o o th e d th e ir h a ir w ith o il o f b e e s w a x ,3 t h e y sm o o th e d th e ir h a ir w ith o ily w a te r. P e o p le lo o k e d d o w n u p o n , c ritic is e d , sp re a d it a b o u t, s a y i n g : L ik e h o u seh o ld ers w h o e n jo y p le a su re s o f th e se n s e s ." T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : " M o n k s, th e h a ir sh o u ld n o t b e sm o o th e d w ith a co m b . . . th e h a ir sh o u ld n o t b e sm o o th e d w ith o ily w a te r. W h o e v e r sh o u ld sm o o th it (in a n y o f th e s e w a y s ), th e re is a n o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g / ' |j 3 || N o w a t t h a t tim e th e g ro u p o f s ix m o n k s e x a m in e d a m a rk o n th e fa c e in a m irro r a n d in a w a te r - b o w l.4 P e o p le sp rea d it a b o u t, s a y in g : " L ik e h o u se h o ld e rs w h o e n jo y p le a su re s of th e se n s e s ." T h e y to ld th is .m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e s a i d : " M o n k s, a m a rk on th e fa c e sh o u ld n o t b e e x a m in e d in a m irro r o r in a w a te r-b o w L W h o e v e r sh o u ld (so) e x a m in e it, th e re is an o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g ." N o w a t t h a t tim e a c e rta in m o n k h a d a sore on his fa c e . H e a sk e d m o n k s, s a y in g : W h a t k in d o f so re h a v e I , y o u r re v e re n c e s ? " T h e m onks
1 phanaka. V A . 12 0 0 o n l y s a y s s o m e t h in g m a d e o f i v o r y a n d s o o n . V i n . T e x ts iii. 70 , n . 2 s a y s " i t w a s a k i n d o f v e r y p r i m i t i v e b r u s h , b u t w i t h o u t b r is tle s / 8 h a tih a p h a n a k a . T h e h a n d s w o u ld b e h e ld a s a s n a k e 's h o o d w it h t h e f in g e r s c u r v i n g f o r w a r d s a n d t h e h a ir w o u l d b e s m o o t h e d w i t h t h e fin g e r s . C f . p h a n a k a tth a k a a t V i n . i. 9 1 , a n d s e e B . D . i v . 1 1 6 , n . 2. * A llo w e d a t V i n . ii. 1 5 2 f o r u s e in a v ih a r a . 4 C f . D . L 80, S . iii. 1 0 5 .

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sp o k e th u s : T h e sore is o f su ch a n d su c h a k in d , y o u r re v e re n c e . H e d id n o t b e lie v e th e m . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, o n a c c o u n t o f a d isease, to e x a m in e a m a rk on th e fa c e in a m irro r o r in a w a te r - b o w l. || 4 [| N o w a t t h a t tim e th e g ro u p o f s ix m o n k s a n o in te d th e ir fa c e s ,1 t h e y ru b b e d (paste) in to th e ir fa ces, t h e y p o w d e re d th e ir fa c e s w ith c h u n a m , t h e y sm e a re d th e ir fa ces w ith red a rsen ic, t h e y p a in te d th e ir lim b s, t h e y p a in te d th e ir faces, t h e y p a in te d th e ir lim b s a n d fa ces. P e o p le sp rea d it a b o u t, s a y i n g : " L ik e h o u seh o ld ers w h o e n jo y p le a su re s o f th e sen ses. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : M o n k s, th e fa c e sh o u ld n o t be a n o in te d , th e fa c e sh o u ld n o t be ru b b e d (w ith p a ste ), th e fa ce sh o u ld n o t b e p o w d e re d w ith c h u n a m , th e fa ce sh o u ld n o t be sm ea re d w ith red a rsen ic, th e lim b s sh o u ld n o t be p a in te d , th e fa c e sh o u ld n o t be p a in te d , lim b s a n d fa c e s sh o u ld n o t b e p a in te d . W h o e v e r sh o u ld do (a n y o f th ese th in g s), th e re is an o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g . N o w a t t h a t tim e a c e rta in m o n k w a s a fflic te d b y a disease o f th e e ye s. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : " I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, on a c c o u n t o f d isease, to a n o in t th e fa c e . || 5 I I N o w a t t h a t tim e th e re w a s a fe s tiv a l on a m o u n ta in -to p in R a ja g a h a .2 T h e g ro u p o f s ix m o n k s w e n t to see th e fe s tiv a l on th e m o u n ta in -to p . P e o p le . . . sp re a d it a b o u t, s a y in g : H o w ca n th e se re clu se s, so n s o f th e S a k y a n s co m e to see d a n c in g a n d sin g in g a n d m u sic [10 7] lik e h o u seh o ld ers w h o e n jo y p le a su re s o f th e senses ? T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e s a i d : M o n k s, y o u sh o u ld n o t g o to see d a n c in g 3 o r sin g in g o r m u sic. W h o e v e r sh o u ld g o , th e re is a n o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g . || 6 |[ 2 || N ow w ith a a b o u t, o f th e a t t h a t tim e th e g ro u p o f s ix m o n k s s a n g dham m a lo n g -d ra w n plain-SQ ng s o u n d .4 P e o p le . . . sp rea d it s a y in g : E v e n a s w e sin g, so d o th ese reclu ses, sons S a k y a n s sin g dham m a w ith a lo n g -d raw n p la in -so n g

1 C f . V i n , ii. 2 6 6 , i v , 3 4 2 . a C f . V i n . i v . 85 (B , D . ii. 3 3 5 , a n d n .) a n d i v . <267 (w h e r e t h e g r o u p o f s ix n u n s a ls o g o t o t h e f e s t i v a l , m a d e in t o a n o ffe n c e o f e x p ia t i o n f o r t h e m ) . * E v e n t o See a p e a c o c k d a n c in g is a n o f fe n c e , V A . 1 2 0 1 . 4 C f . A . iii. 2 5 1 .

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s o u n d / ' T h o se w h o w ere m o d e st m o n k s lo o k e d d o w n upon, c ritic is e d , sp re a d it a b o u t, s a y in g : " H o w c a n th is g ro u p of s ix m o n k s sin g dham m a w ith a lo n g -d ra w n p la in -so n g so u n d ? T h e n th e se m o n k s to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : " I s it tru e , a s is s a id . . . ? I t is tru e , L o r d / ' . * . H a v in g g iv e n re aso n ed ta lk , he a d d re sse d th e m o n k s, s a y in g : " M o n k s, th e re a re th e se five d is a d v a n ta g e s to one s in g in g dham m a w ith a lo n g -d ra w n p la in -so n g so u n d : h e is p le a se d w ith h im s e lf in re g a rd to th a t so u n d , a n d o th e rs a re p le a se d in re g a rd to t h a t so u n d , an d h o u sep eo p le lo o k d o w n u p o n , a n d w h ile h e is h im s e lf s tr iv in g a fte r a c c u r a c y in th e so u n d 1 th e re is an in te rru p tio n in h is c o n c e n tra tio n , a n d p e o p le c o m in g a fte r fa ll in to th e w a y o f (w rong) v ie w s .2 T h e se , m o n k s, a re th e fiv e d is a d v a n ta g e s to o n e sin g in g dham m a w ith a lo n g -d ra w n p la in -so n g so u n d . M o n k s, dham m a sh o u ld n o t b e su n g w ith a lo n g -d ra w n p la in so n g so u n d . W h o e v e r sh o u ld (so) sin g it, th e re is an o ffen ce o f w r o n g - d o in g / || 1 |] N o w a t th a t tim e m o n k s w ere d o u b tfu l a b o u t in to n in g .3 T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e s a id : M o n k s, I a llo w in to n in g / J [ 2 || 3 [| N o w a t t h a t tim e th e g ro u p o f s ix m o n k s w o re w o o llen c lo th e s w ith th e fleece o u tsid e . P e o p le . . . sp re a d it a b o u t, s a y in g : L ik e h o u se h o ld e rs w h o e n jo y p le a s u re of th e s e n s e s / They to ld th is m a tte r t o th e L o r d . H e sa id : M o n k s, w o o llen c lo th e s w ith th e fleece o u tsid e sh o u ld n o t b e w o rn . W h o e v e r sh o u ld w e a r th e m , th e re is a n o ffe n ce o f w ro n g -d o in g . 4 || 4 | | N o w a t t h a t tim e th e m a n g o tre e s in th e p a r k o f K in g S e n iy a B im b is a r a o f M a g a d h a w ere b e a rin g fr u it a n d it w a s m a d e k n o w n b y K in g S e n iy a B im b is a r a o f M a g a d h a : " L e t th e m a ste rs m a k e a s m u c h u se o f th e m a n g o e s a s t h e y p le a s e /
1 s a r a k u tti. * V A . 1 2 0 2 s a y s t h e p e o p le w h o c o m e a f t e r w i ll s a y " o u r t e a c h e r s a n d p r e c e p t o r s s a n g i t t h u s / * a n d t h e y w i ll s in g i t in t h e s a m e w a y . C f . A . iii10 8 , 2 5 6 , S . ii. 203. a sarabhan na. C f . V i n . i. 1 9 6 , J a . ii. 10 9 , D h A . i. 1 5 4 . E x p la in e d b y B u . a s sa r e n a bha ^ a n a rn , s p e a k in g (o r r e p e a t in g ) b y m e a n s o f in t o n a t io n . 4 V A . 12 0 2 h e r e r e f e r s t o t h e C o m m e n t a r y o n t h e b h u ta g a m a s ik k h a p a d a . T h i s is P a c . 1 1 . ( V i n . i v . 3 4 ; s e e B . D . ii. 2 2 7 , n . 1 .) a n d t h e C orn y is a t V A .

759 a.

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T h e g ro u p o f s ix m o n k s, h a v in g m a d e e v e n y o u n g m an go es fa ll, m a d e use o f th e m . A n d [ 108] K in g S e n iy a B im b is a ra o f M a g a d h a w a n te d a m a n g o . T h e n K in g S e n iy a B im b is a ra o f M a g a d h a e n jo in e d p eo p le, s a y in g : G o , g o o d sirs, h a v in g g o n e to th e p a r k , b rin g b a c k a m an go.*' V e r y w e ll, y o u r m a je s t y , a n d th e se p eo p le h a v in g a n sw e re d K in g S e n iy a B im b is a ra o f M a g a d h a in a ssen t, h a v in g gon e to th e p a rk , sp o k e th u s to th e p a r k k e e p e r : " G o o d sir, his m a je s t y w a n ts a m a n g o , g iv e (us) a m a n g o / ' T h e re is n o t a m a n g o , m a ste rs ; th e m o n k s h a v in g m ad e e ve n y o u n g m a n g o es fa ll, h a v e m a d e use o f t h e m / T h e n th e se p eo p le to ld th is m a tte r to K in g S e n iy a B im b is a r a o f M a g a d h a . H e s a id : G o o d sirs, m a n g o e s are m u ch e n jo y e d b y th e m a ste rs, y e t it is m o d e ra tio n th a t th e L o rd e x t o ls / P e o p le . . . sp re a d it a b o u t, s a y i n g : H o w c a n th ese reclu ses, so n s o f th e S a k y a n s , n o t k n o w in g m o d e ra tio n , m a k e use o f th e k in g s m a n g o e s ? M o n k s h e a rd th e s e p eo p le w h o . . . sp re a d it a b o u t. T h e n th e se m o n k s to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e s a id : M on ks, m a n g o es sh o u ld n o t b e m a d e use of. W h o e v e r sh o u ld m a k e use o f th e m , th e re is an o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g / '1 || 1 || N o w a t t h a t tim e a c e rta in g u ild c a m e to h a v e fo o d fo r an O rd e r.2 M an go p eels w ere p u t in to th e c u r r y . M on ks, b e in g scru p u lo u s, d id n o t a c c e p t. (T h e L o rd s a i d :) A c c e p t it, m o n ks, m a k e u se o f it . I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, m a n g o p e e ls / 1 N o w a t t h a t tim e a Certain g u ild c a m e .to h a v e fo o d fo r an O rd er. T h e y d id n o t k n o w h o w to p re p a re th e peels ; t h e y w a lk e d in to th e r e fe c to r y w ith th e m a n g o es w h o le. M on ks, b e in g sc ru p u lo u s, d id n o t a c c e p t. (T h e L o r d sa id :) " A c c e p t th e m , m o n k s, m a k e u se o f th e m . I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, t o m a k e use o f fru it th a t in fiv e w a y s is a llo w a b le fo r reclu ses :3 if it is d a m a g e d 4 b y fire, d a m a g e d b y a k n ife , d a m a g e d b y (ones) n ail, if it is seed less, a n d th e fifth is if th e seed s are d is c h a rg e d .6 I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to m a k e use of fr u it t h a t in th e se fiv e w a y s is a llo w a b le to re c lu se s. * |j 2 || 5 |[
1 C f . B . D . i. 1 0 1 f . , 10 8. * A s a t C V . V I I I . 4. 1 . a Q u o te d V A . 767. 4 T h e s e f iv e c la u s e s a r e e x p l a in e d in d e t a i l a t V A . 7 6 7 , w h ic h r i g h t l y r e a d s p a r ijt la ( d a m a g e d ) in s t e a d o f t h e a b o v e p a r ic it a . 6 C f . M V . V I . 21. 1 f o r t h e la s t t w o ite m s .

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N o w a t t h a t tim e a c e rta in m o n k , b itte n b y a sn a k e , passed a w a y .1 T h e y to ld th is m a tte r t o th e lo rd . H e s a id : M o n k s, th is m o n k c e r ta in ly d id n o t su ffu se w ith lo v in g -k in d n e s s o f m in d th e fo u r r o y a l s n a k e fa m ilie s . F o r if, m o n k s, th is m o n k h a d su ffu se d w ith lo v in g -k in d n e s s o f m in d th e fo u r r o y a l sn a k e fa m ilie s , th e n th is m o n k , a lth o u g h b itte n b y a sn a k e , w o u ld n o t h a v e p a sse d a w a y . W h a t a re th e fo u r r o y a l sn a k e fa m ilie s ? T h e r o y a l s n a k e fa m ily o f V ir u p a k k h a ,2 th e r o y a l sn a k e fa m ily o f E r a p a th a , th e r o y a l sn a k e fa m ily o f C h a b y a p u tta , th e r o y a l s n a k e fa m ily o f K a n h a g o ta m a k a . [109] M o n k s, th is m o n k c e r ta in ly d id n o t su ffu se w ith lo v in g -k in d n e s s o f m in d th e se fo u r r o y a l s n a k e fa m ilie s. F o r if, m o n k s, th is m o n k h a d su ffu se d w ith lo v in g -k in d n e s s o f m in d th e s e fo u r r o y a l sn a k e fa m ilies, th e n th is m o n k , a lth o u g h b itte n b y a sn a k e , w o u ld n o t h a v e p a sse d a w a y . M o n k s, I a llo w y o u to su ffu se w ith lo v in g k in d n e ss o f m in d th e s e fo u r r o y a l s n a k e fa m ilie s , (and) to m a k e a c h a r m 3 fo r th e s e lf fo r s e lf-p ro te c tio n , fo r se lf-g u a rd in g . A n d th u s , m o n k s , sh o u ld it b e m a d e : Love Love Love Love Love Love Love Love Do Do Do Do fro m fro m fro m fro m me me me me fo r fo r fo r fo r th e th e th e th e V ir u p a k k h a s ,4 E ra p a th a s, C h a b y a p u tta s , K a n h a g o ta m a k a s .

fro m m e fo r th e fo o tle ss, fo r th e tw o - fo o te d fro m m e, fro m m e fo r th e fo u r-fo o te d . fo r th e m a n y -fo o te d fro m m e. le t le t le t le t th e th e th e th e fo o tle ss h a rm m e. tw o -fo o te d h a rm m e, fo u r-fo o te d h a r m m e, m a n y -fo o te d h a rm m e.

not not not not

1 C f . A . i i . 7 2 ( w h ic h l a y s t h e s c e n e in S a v a t t h I ) a n d J a . ii. 1 4 4 7 . 1 C f . G .S . ii. 8 2 , n . 1 . V i r t i p a k k h a is a ls o t h e n a m e o f o n e o f t h e F o u r G r e a t K i n g s , t h e r e g e n t o f t h e w e s t e r n q u a r t e r a n d lo r d o f t h e N a g a s . 5 O n p a r tita , c h a r m , s p e ll, r u n e , a n d m etta -bk& va n a , c f . M r s . R h y s D a v i d s , D i a l iii. 1 8 5 f ., S a k y a , 2 2 1 ff. A b o v e r e a d i n g is a tta p a r itta m k a tu m ; a t A . ii . 72 i t is a tta p a r ittd y a , f o r s e l f - w a r d i n g / 1 4 L o v in g - k in d n e s s o r l o v e , m e ttd , a n d t h e t h r e e o t h e r m o d e s o f t h e b ra h m a v ih d r a s a r e t r a n s f e r r e d f r o m t h e m in d o f t h e s u f f u s e r t o t h a t o f t h e b e in g w h o is s u ffu s e d o r in fu s e d .

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M a y a ll b e in g s, a ll b re a th e rs, a ll c re a tu re s e v e r y one, S ee a ll lu c k y th in g s j1 m a y n o e v il w h a te v e r com e. Im m e a su ra b le is th e A w a k e n e d O n e, im m e a su ra b le dham m a , im m e a su ra b le th e O rd er. L im ite d a re c re e p in g th in g s : sn a k e s, sco rp io n s, c e n tip e d e s, sp in n in g sp id ers, liz a rd s , m ice. A p ro te c tio n h a s b een m a d e b y m e, a c h a rm m a d e b y me ; L e t th e c re a tu re s w ith d ra w . I , e v e n I, h o n o u r th e L o rd , I h o n o u r th e se v e n fu lly se lf-a w a k e n e d O n e s.' I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to le t b lo o d . 2 || 6 [| N o w a t t h a t tim e a c e rta in m o n k , to rm e n te d b y d is sa tisfa c tion , c u t o ff h is o w n m a le o rgan . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e s a id : " T h is fo o lish m a n , m o n k s, c u t o ff one th in g w h e n a n o th e r sh o u ld h a v e b een c u t off. M o n k s, one sh o u ld n o t c u t o ff o n e s o w n m a le o rg a n . W h o e v e r sh o u ld c u t it off, th e re is a g r a v e o ffe n c e . j| 7 [j N o w a t t h a t tim e a b lo c k o f sa n d a l-w o o d o f c o s tly ch o ice sa n d a l-w o o d h a d a c c ru e d to a (great) m e rc h a n t o f Rajagaha. T h e n it o c cu rre d to th is (great) m e rc h a n t o f R a j a g a h a : " S u p p o se th a t I w ere to h a v e a b o w l c a r v e d o u t o f th is b lo c k o f sa n d a l-w o o d ? T h e ch ip s w ill be fo r m y e n jo y m e n t, a n d I ca n a lso g iv e a w a y th e b o w l as a g if t . T h e n th a t (great) m e rc h a n t o f R a ja g a h a , h a v in g h a d a b o w l c a r v e d o u t o f th a t b lo c k o f sa n d a l-w o o d , h a v in g p u t a s trin g ro u n d i t ,4 h a v in g h u n g it u p on th e to p o f a b a m b o o (-pole), h a v in g tie d it to a se ries o f b a m b o o (-poles),* sp o k e th u s : " L e t w h a te v e r reclu se or b ra h m in w h o is a p e rfe c te d one a s w e ll a s o f p s y c h ic p o w er g e t d o w n th is b o w l a n d (to him ) it is g iv e n . 5 [110 ] T h e n P u ra n a
1 sabbe bhadrdni passantu. C f. D . ii. 89, sadd bhadrdni passaii . a A llo w e d a ls o a t V in . i. 2 0 5. * T h i s s t o r y is l e f e r r e d t o a t D A . ii. 388 a s t h e Rajagaha-setthi-vaithu. 4 A t C V . V . 24. 1 s o m e w h a t s i m il a r a c t i o n s a r e a s c r ib e d t o a m o n k . * C f. t h e w o r d s o f t h e r o b b e r c h ie f a t Vin. iii. 208.

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K a s s a p a 1 a p p ro a c h e d th e (great) m e rc h a n t o f R a ja g a h a ; h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d , h e sp o k e th u s t o th e (great) m e rc h a n t o f R a ja g a h a : N o w I, h o u seh o ld er, a m a p e r fe c te d o n e a s w e ll a s o f p s y c h ic p o w e r ; g iv e m e th e b o w l. " I f, re v e re d sir, th e v e n e ra b le o n e is a p e rfe c te d o n e a s w e ll as o f p s y c h ic p o w e r, le t h im fe tc h d o w n th e b o w l a n d it is g iv e n (to h im .) T h e n M a k k h a li G o sa la , A j i t a K e s a k a m b a lin , P a k u d h a K a c c a y a n a , S a n ja y a B e la t t h ip u t t a , N a t a p u t t a th e J a in a p p ro a c h e d th e (great) m e rc h a n t o f R a ja g a h a ; h a v in g ap p roach ed it is g iv e n (to h im ). N o w a t t h a t tim e th e v e n e ra b le M o g g a lla n a th e G r e a t a n d th e v e n e ra b le P in d o la th e B h a r a d v a ja ,2 h a v in g d resse d in th e m o rn in g , ta k in g (each) his b o w l a n d ro b e, e n te re d R a ja g a h a fo r a lm s fo o d . T h e n th e v e n e ra b le P in d o la th e B h a r a d v a ja sp o k e th u s t o th e v e n e ra b le M o g g a lla n a th e G r e a t : T h e v e n e ra b le M o g g a lla n a th e G r e a t is a p e r fe c te d one a s w e ll s s o f p s y c h ic p o w e r. G o a lo n g , re v e re n d M o g g a lla n a , fe tc h d o w r th is b o w l ; th is b o w l is fo r y o u . T h e v e n e ra b le P in d o la th e B h a r a d v a ja is a p e rfe c te d o n e a s w e ll a s o f p s y c h ic p o w e r. G o a lo n g , re v e re n d B h a r a d v a ja , fe tc h d o w n th is b o w l ; th is b o w l is fo r y o u . T h e n th e v e n e ra b le P in d o la th e B h a r a d v a ja , h a v in g risen a b o v e th e g r o u n d ,3 h a v in g ta k e n h o ld o f th a t b o w l, c irc le d th re e tim e s ro u n d R a ja g a h a . N o w a t th a t tim e , th e (great) m e rc h a n t o f R a ja g a h a w a s s ta n d in g w ith h is w ife a n d ch ild re n in h is o w n d w e llin g h o ld in g u p h is jo in e d p a lm s in s a lu ta tio n , p a y in g h o m a g e , a n d s a y in g : H o n o u re d sir, le t m a ste r B h a r a d v a ja co m e to re st ju s t h e re a t o u r d w e llin g . Then th e v e n e ra b le P in d o la th e B h a r a d v a ja c a m e t o re st a t th e d w e llin g o f th e (great) m e rc h a n t o f R a ja g a h a . T h e n th e (great) m e rc h a n t o f R a ja g a h a , h a v in g ta k e n th e b o w l fro m
1 H e a n d t h e fiv e o th e rs w e re th e s ix g r e a t 4 4 h e r e t i c a l *' t e a c h e r s in G o t a m a 's t im e s . T h e i r v ie w s a r e g i v e n a t D . i. 5 2 fF. a V e rse s a t T h a g . 12 3 , 12 4 . A t A . i. 2 3 h e is c a l l e d c h i e f o f t h e d is c ip le s w h o a r e lio n - r o a r e r s . A A . i. i q 6 , w h i c h g i v e s h is s t o r y i n c lu d in g t h e a b o v e e p is o d e , h o ld s t h a t h e w a s c a l le d S c r a p - h u n t e r , P i n d o l a , f r o m h i s g r e e d in s e a r c h in g f o r c o n j e y a n d r ic e . O t h e r C o m y s ( 5^ 4 . i i. 3 9 3 , U d A . 2 5 2 ) a s c r ib e h is n a m e t o t h e la r g e s iz e o f h is b o w l. F o r n o t e s o n t h e n a m e P i n d o la see P s s . B r e t h p . n o , n . 4 , a n d p . 4 1 5 ; K . S . i v . 6 8 , n . 1. 3 veh d sa . S e a B . D . i. 7 9 , n . 6.

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th e h a n d o f th e v e n e ra b le P in d o la t h e B h a r a d v a ja , h a v in g filled it w ith c o s tly so lid fo o d s, b e sto w e d it on th e v e n e ra b le P in d o la th e B h a r a d v a ja . T h e n th e v e n e ra b le P in d o la th e B h a r a d v a ja , h a v in g ta k e n h o ld o f th a t b o w l, w e n t o ff to th e m o n a ste ry . || I j| P e o p le h e a rd : " I t is sa id th a t th e b o w l o f th e (great) m e rch a n t o f R a ja g a h a w a s fe tc h e d d o w n b y m a ste r P in d o la th e B h a r a d v a ja / ' a n d th e se p e o p le (m akin g) a lo u d n oise, a g re a t noise, fo llo w e d clo se a fte r th e v e n e ra b le P in d o la th e B h a r a d v a ja . T h e n th e L o rd h e a rd th e lo u d noise, th e g re a t noise, a n d h a v in g h eard it, he a d d re sse d th e v e n e ra b le A n a n d a , s a y in g : W h a t on e a rth , A n a n d a , is th is lo u d noise, th is g re a t n oise ? " L o rd , th e b o w l o f th e (great) m e rc h a n t o f R a ja g a h a h as been fe tc h e d d o w n b y th e v e n e ra b le P in d o la th e B h a r a d v a ja . L o rd , p eo p le h e a rd : * I t is sa id th a t th e b o w l o f th e (great) m e rch a n t o f R a ja g a h a w a s fe tc h e d d o w n b y th e v e n e ra b le P in d o la th e B h a r a d v a ja , a n d , L o rd , th e se p e o p le (m aking) a lo u d noise, a g re a t noise, h a v e fo llo w e d clo se a fte r th e v e n e ra b le P in d o la th e B h a r a d v a ja ' ; th is, L o rd , is th e lo u d noise, th e g re a t noise w h ic h th e L o r d (h e a rs)." . T h e n th e L o rd on th is o cca sio n , in th is c o n n e ctio n , h a v in g h a d th e O rd e r o f m o n k s c o n v e n e d , [ 1 1 1 ] q u e stio n e d th e ve n e ra b le P in d o la th e B h a r a d v a ja , s a y in g : " I s it tru e , as is sa id , B h a r a d v a ja , t h a t th e b o w l o f th e (great) m e rch a n t o f R a j& g a h a w a s fe tc h e d d o w n b y y o u ? I t is tru e , L o r d . T h e A w a k e n e d one, th e L o rd re b u k e d h im , s a y in g : I t is n o t su itin g , B h a r a d v a ja , i t is n o t b e co m in g , it is not fittin g , it is n o t w o r th y o f a reclu se, it is n o t a llo w a b le , it is n ot to be done. H o w ca n y o u , B h a r a d v a ja , on a c c o u n t of a w re tc h e d w o o d en b o w l e x h ib it a c o n d itio n o f fu rth e r-m e n ,1 a w o n d er o f p s y c h ic p o w e r to h o u seh o ld ers ? A s, B h a r a d v a ja , a w o m a n e x h ib its h er lo in -clo th on a c c o u n t o f a w re tc h e d sta m p ed m dsaka ,2 e v e n so b y y o u , B h a r a d v a ja , w a s a c o n d itio n of fu rth e r-m e n , a w o n d e r o f p s y c h ic p o w e r e x h ib ite d to h o u seh o ld ers on a c c o u n t o f a w re tc h e d w o o d e n b o w l. I t is n o t,
1 u tta r im a n u ss a d h a m m a . S e e D e f e a t I V , P a c . V I I I , a n d B . D . i. I n t r . x x i v . m a sa k a r u p a . S e e B . D . i. 7 2 , n 1 , a n d 7 1 , n . 2 . T h e w o r d a ls o o c c u r s a t V i n . ii. 2 9 4.

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B h a r a d v a ja , fo r p le a sin g th o se w h o a re n o t (yet) p le a se d . . . / ' H a v in g re b u k e d h im , h a v in g g iv e n reaso n ed ta lk , h e a d d re sse d th e m o n k s , s a y in g : M o n k s, a c o n d itio n o f fu rth e r-m e n , a w o n d e r o f p s y c h ic p o w e r is n o t t o b e e x h ib ite d to h o u s e h o ld e rs .1 W h o e v e r sh o u ld e x h ib it th e m , th e re is an o ffe n ce o f w ro n g -d o in g . B r e a k , m o n k s, th is w o o d e n b o w l ; h a v in g re d u c e d it to fra g m e n ts, g iv e th e m to m o n k s as p e rfu m e to m ix w ith o in tm e n t .2 A n d , m o n k s, a w o o d e n b o w l sh o u ld n o t be u s e d .3 W h o e v e r sh o u ld use one, th e re is a n o ffen ce o f w r o n g -d o in g . || 2 || 8 || N o w a t th a t tim e th e g ro u p o f s ix m o n k s u sed v a r io u s k in d s o f b o w ls, m a d e o f g o ld , m a d e o f silv e r. P e o p le . . . sp re a d it a b o u t, s a y in g : L ik e h o u seh o ld ers w h o e n jo y p le a su re s o f th e se n s e s / ' T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e s a id : " M o n k s, a b o w l m a d e o f g o ld sh o u ld n o t b e u se d ,4 a b o w l m a d e o f s ilv e r sh o u ld n o t b e u sed , a b o w l m a d e o f p ea rls . . . m a d e o f b e r y l . . . m a d e o f c r y s ta l . . . m a d e o f b ro n ze . . . m a d e o f g la s s . . . m a d e o f tin . . . m a d e o f le a d . . . a b o w l m a d e o f c o p p e r sh o u ld n o t be u se d . W h o e v e r sh o u ld use (a n y o f th e se), th e re is a n o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g . I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, tw o (k in d s of) b o w ls : a n iro n b o w l, a c la y b o w l / ' 6 II ill N o w a t th a t tim e th e b a se s o f th e b o w ls w e re ru b b e d . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o r d . H e s a id : " I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, a c ir c u la r b o w l-r e s t. N o w a t th a t tim e th e g ro u p o f s ix m o n k s u se d v a r io u s k in d s o f c ir c u la r b o w l-re sts, m a d e o f g o ld , m a d e o f silv e r. P e o p le . . . sp re a d it a b o u t, s a y in g : L ik e h o u seh o ld ers w h o e n jo y p le a su re s o f th e se n s e s / T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : M o n k s, v a r io u s k in d s o f c ir c u la r b o w l-re sts sh o u ld n o t be u se d . W h o e v e r sh o u ld use on e, th e re is an o ffen ce o f w ro n g d o in g . I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, tw o (k in d s of) c irc u la r b o w l-re sts ;
1 V A . 12 0 3 s a y s a m ir a c l e is o b j e c t e d t o , n o t p s y c h i c p o w e r t h a t is v o l i t i o n a l in n a t u r e . * Cf. V i n . i. 2 0 3 , w h e r e s a n d a l- w o o d w a s a l lo w e d a m o n g f i v e p e r fu m e s (any a n u p a p is a n a ) . * Cf. B . D . i i. 1 1 5 , 4 1 5 (a n d n . 1 ) , a n d C V . V . 37. 4 Cf. M V . V . 8, 3. * A s a t V i n . iii. 2 4 3 , iv . 1 2 3 , 2 4 3 .

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m a d e o f tin , m a d e o f le a d / 1 T h e t h ic k c irc u la r re sts c o u ld n o t b e in s e rte d .1 T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to p la n e th e m . T h e re w ere ja g s (on th e m ).2 [112 ] T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o r d . H e sa id : I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to c u t sw o rd fish t e e t h . 3 N o w a t th a t tim e th e g ro u p o f s ix m o n k s u se d c a r v e d 4 c irc u la r b o w l-re sts, lo a d e d w ith little figu res, m a d e w ith o rn a m e n ta tio n s, a n d t h e y to u re d a b o u t sh o w in g th e se on ca rria g e -ro a d s. P e o p le . . . sp re a d it a b o u t, s a y in g : " L ik e h o u seh o ld ers w h o e n jo y p le a su re s o f th e sen se?. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : M o n k s, c a r v e d c irc u la r b o w l-re sts sh o u ld n o t b e used . W h o e v e r sh o u ld u se one, th e re is an offen ce o f w ro n g d o in g. I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, o rd in a ry c irc u la r re s ts . 5 || 2 |j N o w a t th a t tim e m o n k s (each) p u t a w a y h is b o w l w ith w a te r in it a n d a b o w l w a s sp o ile d . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : " M o n k s, a b o w l sh o u ld n o t b e p u t a w a y w ith w a te r in it. W h o e v e r sh o u ld (s:o) p u t it a w a y , th e re is an o ffe n ce o f w ro n g -d o in g . I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to p u t a w 9y a b o w l h a v in g d rie d it in th e s u n . 6 N o w a t t h a t tim e m o n k s (e 3ch) d ried h is b o w l in th e su n w ith w a te r in it a n d a b o w l ca m e to sm ell n a s ty . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : M o n k s, a b o w l w ith w a te r in it sh o u ld n o t b e d rie d in th e su n . W h o e v e r sh o u ld (so) d r y it, th e re is a n o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g . I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to p u t a w a y a b o w l h a v in g e m p tie d it o f water, h a v in g d rie d it in th e s u n . N o w a t th a t tim e m o n k s (each) la id a sid e h is b o w l in th e h e a t a n d th e c o lo u r o f a b o w l w a s sp o ile d . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r t o th e L o rd . H e s a id : M o n k s, a b o w l sh o u ld n o t b e la id a sid e in th e h e a t. W h o e v e r sh o u ld (so) la y it a sid e, th ere is an o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g . I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to
1 a c c h u p iy a n ti. C f . M V . V I I I . 14. 1 , w h e r e t h e w o r d is u s e d o f " in s e r t in g a o a t c h in t o a r o b e .* T h e m e a n in g a b o v e m a y b e " t h e c ir c u la r r e s t s w e r e t h i c k a n d t h e y (i.e . t h e b o w ls ) c o u ld n o t b e in se rte d .* * ^ * v a lim h o n ti. P . E . D . s u g g e s t s r e a d i n g v a liy o . P e r h a p s v a li is h e r e j a g o r s c r a t c h , t h e p la n in g o r a d z in g n o t h a v i n g b e e n w e ll d o n e . T h e j a g s c o u ld t h e n b e m a d e t h e b e s t o f b y c o n v e r t i n g t h e m i n t o c r o c o d ile t e e t h t o h o ld t h e b o w ls . B u t t h i s r e n d e r in g is a s c o n j e c t u r a l a s t h a t g i v e n a t V i n . T e x t s iii. 8 3 . 3 S e e a ls o C V . V . 11. 6 . , 4 C it r a , v a r ie g a t e d o r p a in t e d , b u t n o t a l w a y s , a n d a b o v e i t a p p e a r s t o b e m o re lik e ly c a rv e d / * a 8 B u . s a y s ** i u s t (o r, o n l y , eva ) th e c ir c u l a r r e s t s c u t w i t h s w o r d fis h C f . V i n . 1 . 46. G

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p u t .a w a y a b o w l, h a v in g d rie d it fo r a sh o rt tim e in th e su n 's h e a t . 1 || 3 || N o w a t t h a t tim e m a n y b o w ls c a m e to b e la id a sid e in th e o p en a ir w ith o u t a p ro p . H a v in g b e en b lo w n a g a in s t one a n o th e r b y g u s ts o f w in d , th e b o w ls w e re b ro k e n . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o r d . H e s a id ; " I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, a little p ro p fo r b o w ls . N o w a t t h a t tim e m o n k s (each) la id a sid e h is b o w l a t th e e d g e o f a so lid b e n c h .2 H a v in g fa lle n d o w n , a b o w l w a s b ro k en . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o r d . H e s a id : " M o n k s, a b o w l sh o u ld n o t b e la id a sid e a t th e ed ge o f a so lid b e n ch . W h o e v e r sh o u ld (so) l a y it a sid e, th e re is a n o ffen ce o f w r o n g -d o in g / N o w a t th a t tim e m o n k s (each) la id a sid e his b o w l a t th e e d g e o f a p la s te r flo o rin g .3 H a v in g fa lle n d o w n , a b o w l w a s b ro k e n . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : " M o n k s, a b o w l sh o u ld n o t b e la id a sid e a t th e e d g e o f a p la s te r flo o rin g. W h o e v e r sh o u ld (so) l a y it a sid e, th e re is an o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g . N o w a t t h a t tim e m o n k s (each) tu r n e d h is b o w l u p sid e d o w n 4 on th e g ro u n d . A rim w a s ru b b e d . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : " I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, a g ra ss m a t . 5 T h e g ra ss m a t w a s e a te n b y w h ite a n ts. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : " I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, a p ie ce o f c lo th . T h e p ie ce o f c lo th w a s e a te n b y w h ite a n ts. [113 ] T h e y to ld th is m a tte r t o th e L o rd . H e s a id : " I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, a b o w l-s ta n d .6 H a v in g fa lle n d o w n fro m a b o w l-s ta n d , a
1 C f: V i n . i. 4 6 . * tn id k a n te . A t V i n . ii. 1 4 3 v n ig d h i. V i n . T e x t s iii. 16 3 s a y t h a t i t is b u i l t a g a in s t t h e w a ll o f a r o o m o r o n t h e v e r a n d a a g a i n s t t h e o u t e r w a l l o f a h o u s e or h u t. O f t e n m a d e o f h a r d e n e d m u d w i t h t w o w o o d e n le g s in f r o n t , i t is a b e n c h u s e d t o s i t o r s le e p o n . V A . 12 0 3 s a y s d lin d a k a - ( v e r a n d a ) tn ig h a k a d in a m a n te , a n d im p lie s t h a t s o m e tn id h is a r e n a r r o w . A llo w e d a t V i n . ii. 1 4 9 w h e n g r a s s m a t s h a d b e e n e a t e n b y r a t s a n d s o o n , a n d w h e r e m id h i a p p e a r s a s s o m e t h in g h a r d a n d a ls o a s s o m e t h in g t o s le e p o n . The m e a n in g is n o t c e r t a in . * p a r ib h a r id a . M e a n in g u n c e r t a in . V A . 1 2 0 3 4 s a y s " o n t h e o u t e r s id e , o n t h e e d g e o f a t r e a t e d (o r, m a d e , e r e c t e d , k a ta ) n a r r o w m i d h i . O n th e w o r d a t V i n . ii. 1 7 2 t h e C o r n y , s a y s i t is m a d e o f c o w d u n g a n d o f p a s t e , k d s a v a , f o r c o lo u r in g flo o r s , w a l l s , e t c . ; a n d o n t h e w o r d a t V i n . ii. 2 2 0 i t s a y s b a h i ja g g a ti, h e lie s a w a k e (o r , w a t c h e s ) o u t s id e . I n e x p l a i n in g " p i e c e o f c l o t h , " co la k a , b e lo w , V A . 12 0 4 s p e a k s o f m a ttik a -p a r ib h a n d a k a td b h u m it w h ic h s e e m s t o m e a n " e a r t h t r e a t e d w i t h c l a y a n d p la s t e r .* ' * S e e C V . V . 20. 3. 5 A llo w e d a t C V . V . 11. 3 b e lo w ; a ls o a t V i n . ii. 14 8 , t o s a v e lim b s a n d r o b e s f r o m b e in g c o v e r e d w i t h d u s t . 6 p a ita m & la k a . V A . 12 0 4 s a y s *' m a d e o f b r i c k o r m a d e o f w o o d . "

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b o w l w a s b ro k e n . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o r d . H e s a id : 1 1 I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, a w ic k e r s ta n d fo r b o w ls / 1 A b o w l w a s ru b b e d on th e w ic k e r sta n d fo r th e b o w ls. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, a b a g fo r bow ls.*' T h e re w a s no s tr a p a t th e e d ge. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r t o th e L o rd . H e sa id : " I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, a s tr a p a t th e e d g e , a th r e a d fo r t y i n g / 2 |{ 4 || N o w a t t h a t tim e m o n k s (each) h u n g h is b o w l on a p e g in th e w a ll 3 a n d on a n < r e le p h a n t-tu s k (peg ).3 H a v in g fa lle n d ow n , a b o w l w a s b ro k e n . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r t o th e L o rd . H e sa id : " M o n k s, a b o w l sh o u ld n o t b e h u n g u p . W h o e v e r sh o u ld h a n g o n e u p , th e re is a n o ffen ce o f w r o n g -d o in g / ' N o w a t t h a t tim e m o n k s (each) la id a sid e h is b o w l o n a co u ch . S ittin g d o w n h e e d le ssly , t h e y b ro k e a b o w l h a v in g s a t d o w n (hard) o n i t .4 T h e y to ld th is m a tte r t o th e L o r d . H e s a id : " M onks, a b o w l sh o u ld n o t b e la id a sid e o n a c o u ch . W h o e v e r sh o u ld (so) l a y it a sid e, th e re is a n o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g / ' . . . (T h e sam e repeated fo r la y in g a sid e a b o w l on a c h a ir). . . . N o w a t th a t tim e m o n k s (each) la id a sid e h is b o w l o n h is lap. T h e y g o t u p h e e d le ssly a n d a b o w l, h a v in g fa lle n d o w n , w as b ro k e n . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r t o th e L o rd . H e sa id : " M onks, a b o w l sh o u ld n o t b e la id a sid e o n a la p . W h o e v e r sh o u ld (so) l a y it a sid e, th e re is a n o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g ." N o w a t t h a t tim e m o n k s (each) la id a sid e h is b o w l in a su n sh a d e . 5 A su n sh a d e w a s lifte d u p b y g u s ts o f w in d 6 a n d h a v in g fa lle n d o w n a b o w l w a s b ro k e n . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : M on ks, a b o w l sh o u ld n o t b e la id asid e in a su n sh a d e . W h o e v e r sh o u ld (so) l a y it a sid e, th e re is a n o ffen ce o f w r o n g - d o in g / ' N o w a t t h a t tim e m o n k s (each) o p e n e d a d o o r 7 w h e n h e h a d a b o w l in h is h a n d . A s a d o o r w a s b lo w in g to a n d fro , a b o w l w as b ro k e n . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o r d . H e sa id : " M on ks, a d o o r sh o u ld n o t b e o p e n e d w h e n one h a s a b o w l
1 p n ita k a n d o lik a . * C f . M V l V I . 12. 4 , C V . V . 11. 5 . S e e B . D . i v . 2 7 6 , n . 8 . 3 A s a t V i n . i i i . 48. A l lo w e d a t V i n . i i . 1 5 2 . 4 C f . V i n . iii. 7 9 ( B . D . i . 1 3 7 a n d n . 4 ). * ch a tta . N . B . a t V i n r i . 1 5 2 t h i s w o r d a p p e a r s t o m e a n a l a r g e v e s s e l o r r e c e p t a c le . * C f . a b o v e V . 9. 4 a n d V i n . i v . 3 4 5. * S e e l ? . / } , i. 19 9 , n . 3.

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in o n e 's h a n d . W h o e v e r sh o u ld (so) o p en it, th e re is an o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g . || 5 || 9 || N o w a t t h a t tim e m o n k s w e n t a b o u t fo r a lm s fo o d (to b e p u t) in to a g o u r d .1 P e o p le . . . sp re a d it a b o u t, s a y i n g ; " L ik e m e m b e rs o f o th e r s e c ts ." 2 T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o r d . H e s a id : " M o n k s, y o u sh o u ld n o t g o a b o u t fo r a lm s fo o d (to b e p u t) in to a g o u r d . W h o e v e r sh o u ld (so) g o a b o u t, th e re is a n o ffen ce o f w r o n g -d o in g / ' N o w a t t h a t tim e m o n k s [1 1 4 ] w e n t a b o u t fo r a lm s fo o d (to b e p u t) in to a w a te r-p o t* P e o p le . . . (as above) . . o ffen ce o f w r o n g -d o in g ." [[ x [| N o w a t t h a t tim e a c e r ta in m o n k c a m e to b e a w e a re r o f n o th in g b u t ra g -ro b e s ;3 h e c a rrie d a b o w l m a d e fro m a sk u lL A c e rta in w o m a n , te rrifie d a t h a v in g se e n h im , u tte r e d a sc re a m o f h o rro r ;4 f< H o w te rrib le fo r m e, in d e e d it is a d e m o n 5 a fte r m e ." P e o p le . . . sp re a d it a b o u t, s a y in g : " H o w c a n th e se reclu ses, so n s o f th e S a k y a n s c a r r y a b o w l m a d e fro m a sk u ll, lik e d e m o n -w o rsh ip p e rs ? " 6 T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o r d . H e s a id : M o n k s, a b o w l m a d e fro m a sk u ll sh o u ld n o t b e c a rrie d . W h o e v e r sh o u ld c a r r y one, th e re is an o ffe n ce o f w ro n g -d o in g . N o r, m o n k s , sh o u ld y o u b e a w e a re r o f n o th in g b u t ra g -ro b e s. W h o e v e r sh o u ld b e , th e re is a n o ffe n ce o f w r o n g - d o in g ." |j 2 J | N o w a t t h a t tim e m o n k s to o k b a c k in th e ir b o w ls o d d b its a n d b o n e s a n d im p u re w a te r .7 P e o p le . . . sp rea d it a b o u t, s a y in g : " T h a t v e r y th in g fro m w h ic h th e s e reclu ses, so n s o f th e S a k y a n s e a t, th a t is s im p ly th e ir w a s te - tu b ."8 T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o r d . H e sa id : " M o n k s, o d d b its a n d b o n e s a n d im p u re w a te r sh o u ld n o t b e ta k e n b a c k in a b o w l. W h o e v e r sh o u ld (so) t a k e (th ese th in g s) b a c k , th e re is a n o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g . I a llo w y o u , m o n k s , a w a s t e - t u b ." |[ 3 j| 10 || 1 Cf. V i n . i. go ( B . D . i v . 1 1 4 ) = iii. 2 4 5 ( B . D , ii. 119) w h e r e t b e y w e n t a b o u t fo r a lm s fo o d t o b e p u t in to th e ir h a n d s . S e e B . D . ii. 119, n . 4 . * 15u . s a y s t h a t in t h i s c a s e h i s r o b e s , c o u c h a n d c h a i r w e r e f r o m a r a g - h e a p . 4 Cf. M . i. 4 48 . * p is d c a . a s a t M . i. 4 4 8 . M A . iii. 1 6 5 e x p l a i n s , " a d e m o n (p is d c a ) h a s co m e to e a t m e /' * p is a c i il i k a . W o r d o c c u r s a t V i n . i. 1 5 2 , ii. 1 3 4 , S n A . 3 5 7 . 7 S a m e l i s t f o u n d a t V i n . i v . 2 6 6 in d e f in i t io n o f v ig h d s a , *' s c r a p s o f fo o d / * 8 p a iig g a h a , a r e c e p t a c le , a r e c e i v i n g t h i n g . W o r d o c c u r s b e lo w V . 1 1 . 5. ( m e a n in g t h i m b l e ) , b u t cf. u d a k a p - a t V i n . ii. 2 1 3 .

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N o w a t t h a t tim e m o n k s w e re s e w in g ro b e -m a te ria l, h a v in g rip p e d it u p w ith th e ir h a n d s. T h e ro b e -m a te ria l b e ca m e u n s ig h tly .1 T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : " I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, a sm a ll k n ife , a p ie ce o f fe lt 2 (to w ra p ro u n d i t ) / ' N o w a t th a t tim e a sm a ll k n ife w ith a h a n d le 3 a c cru e d to th e O rd er. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, a sm a ll k n ife w ith a h a n d le . N o w a t th a t tim e th e g ro u p o f s ix m o n k s u se d v a r io u s k in d s o f sm a ll k n iv e s w ith h a n d le s, m a d e o f g o ld , m a d e o f silv e r. P e o p le . . . sp re a d it a b o u t, s a y in g : " L ik e h o u seh o ld ers w h o e n jo y p le a su re s o f th e se n s e s / ' T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : " M o n k s, v a r io u s k in d s o f sm a ll k n iv e s w ith h a n d le s sh o u ld n o t b e u se d . W h o e v e r sh o u ld use (one), th e re is a n o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g . I a llo w th e m , m o n k s, to b e m a d e o f b o n e, m a d e o f iv o r y , m a d e o f h o rn , m a d e o f reed s, m ad e o f b a m b o o , m a d e o f p ie ce s o f s tic k , m a d e o f la c , m ad e o f c r y s ta l, m a d e o f c o p p e r, m a d e o f th e in sid e o f a c o n c h -sh e ll / ' 4 II x || N o w a t t h a t tim e m o n k s se w e d r o b e -m a te ria l w ith a c o c k 's fe a th e r a n d w ith b a m b o o -rin d 5 a n d th e ro b e -m a te ria l c a m e to b e b a d ly se w n . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o r d . H e sa id : M on ks, I a llo w y o u a n e e d le .'' T h e n e e d les b e ca m e rusty. 0 I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, [1 1 5 ] a tu b e fo r (holding) th e n e e d les / ' 7 E v e n in th e tu b e s t h e y b e c a m e r u s ty . I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to fill th e m w ith y e a s t / '8 E v e n in th e y e a s t t h e y b e c a m e r u s ty . " I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to fill th e m w ith b a r le y - m e a l . 9 E v e n in th e b a r le y -m e a l t h e y b e c a m e ru sty* " I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, p o w d e re d s to n e . E v e n in th e p o w d e re d sto n e th e y b e ca m e r u s ty . I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to h a v e it m ix e d w ith 1 v ilo m a . * n a m a ta k a , a llo w e d a g a in a t V i n . ii. 1 2 3 , 13 4 W o r d a ls o f o u n d a t V i n . ii. 267. * d a n g a sa tth a k a . 4 C f . M V . V I . 12. 1 , a n d s e e B . D . i v . 2 7 6 f o r n o t e s . v e lu p e s ik a . W o r d f o u n d a t D . ii. 3 2 4 . * k a n n a k ita , s p o ile d in s o m e w a y , p r o b a b l y r u s ty * b l u n t o r s t a in e d . The w o r d a p p e a r s t o b e u s e d in t h e s e n s e o f s t a i n e d ( o f t h e g r o u n d a n d o f a w a ll) a t M V . I . 25. 1 5 = C V . V I I I . 1 . 3 ; a n d in t h e s e n s e o f s t a in e d , s o ile d o r s p o ile d (o f r o b e s ) a t N u n s ' P a c . 2 4 . V A . 12 0 5 e x p l a i n s a s m a lla g a h ita h o n ti (v. I m a la g g a h itd ) . M a la m a y m e a n r u s t . V i n . T e x t s iii. 9 1 t r a n s l a t e s a s " b l u n t . " 7 s u c in d lik a . P a c . 86 m a k e s i t a n o ffe n c e t o h a v e a s u c ig h a r a m a d e o f b o n e , iv o r y or h o rn . k in n a , e x p la in e d a t V A . 12 0 5 a s k in n a c u n y ia . O ld e n b e r g 's t e x t r e a d s s a tth u , C f . B . D . ii. 3 2 2 , n . 4.

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b e e s w a x ." T h e p o w d e re d s to n e b ro k e u p . I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, p o w d e re d s to n e (m ixed ) w ith g u m ." 1 J | 2 || N o w a t t h a t tim e m o n k s, h a v in g d r iv e n in p o s ts h e re a n d th e re , h a v in g tie d th e m to g e th e r, se w e d ro b e -m a te ria l. T h e r o b e -m a te ria l b e c a m e m issh a p e n a t th e c o rn e rs .2 T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o r d . H e s a id : I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, a ka th in a -fra ia e 3 (and) strin g s fo r th e k a th in a -ira m e4 (and) to se w r o b e -m a te ria l h a v in g tie d it d o w n h ere a n d t h e r e / ' Tl}.ey sp re a d o u t a kaihina-fraLme in a n u n e v e n p la c e ; th e kathinafra m e w a s sp lit. " M o n k s, a kathina - fra m e sh o u ld n o t b e s p re a d o u t in a n u n e v e n p la c e . W h o e v e r sh o u ld (so) sp re a d o n e o u t, th e re is a n o ffe n c e o f w r o n g -d o in g / ' T h e y sp re a d o u t a kathina-lT&m e on th e g ro u n d . T h e kathina-irssrve w a s so ile d b y d u s t. I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, a g ra ss m a t . " 5 A n e d g e o f th e ka ih in a -iv ssa e w a s in ju r e d . 6 I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to p u t on a b ra id in g , a b in d in g . 7 T h e kathina-ivaxne w a s n o t la rg e e n o u g h .8 I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, a s t ic k in th e kathina-iv^ m e^ 1 saritasipdtika ; cf, hingusipdtika a t V in . i. 2 0 1 ( M V . V I . 7 ). B u t V A . 1 2 0 6 e x p l a i n s a s madhusitthakapilotikam satthakosakam , a l i t t l e c l o t h f o r t h e b e e s w a x , a lit tle s h e a th fo r a k n ife . C f. a ls o b e lo w , p . 18 5 , n . 4 . * vikatina, a s a t V in . i. 2 9 7 . 3 kathina h e r e , a s p o in t e d o u t a t V in , Texts iii. 9 2 , n . 8 is e v i d e n t l y a s o r t o f f r a m e w o r k . V A . 12 0 6 s a y s i t is a n*sseni ( la d d e r , f r a m e ?) a n d a n o t h e r s h o u ld b e s p r e a d (attharati) t h e r e f o r t h e m a ts / * O r t h e t r a n s la t io n o f t h i s m a y b e : ** t h e nisseni s h o u ld b e s p r e a d o u t t h e r e a n d a n o t h e r f o r t h e m a t s . " T h e v e r b u s e d h e r e in c o n n e c t io n w i t h kathina is pattharati , t o s p r e a d o u t , t o e x t e n d ; w h e r e a s attharati is t h e v e r b u s e d in c o n n e c t io n w i t h t h e f o r m a l m a k in g u p o f t h e kathina- c l o t h ; s e e B .D . ii. 2 6 , n . 3 a n d M V . V I I . 4 kathinarajja (v.t.-rajju). V A . 1 2 0 6 s a y s " t h o s e w h o a r e s e w in g r o b e m a t e r i a l d o u b l e , t i e t h e r o b e - m a t e r ia l t o t h e kathina ( - f r a m e ) / ' * A s a t C V . V . 9. 4 a b o v e . * jlr a t i , o r " w o r e o u t ( w it h a g e ) / * T h i s w o u l d b e g in a n e w id e a , a n d p e r h a p s t h i s is in t e n d e d . O n th e o th e r h a n d , t o s a y th a t it w as h u rt or d a m a g e d w o u ld i m p l y t h a t t h e g r a s s m a t w a s r o t b i g e n o u g h t o p r o t e c t t h e e d g e s o f t h e f r a m e , a n d t h u s t h e s a m e id e a w o u l d b e c o n t in u e d . * anuvata paribhapda. S e e B .D . ii. 4 0 9 , n . 7, 8 (w h e r e a ls o f u r t h e r r e f e r e n c e s a re g iv e n ). T h e s e t w o w o r d s o c c u r a t Vin . i. 2 5 4 a s r e p r e s e n t in g t h in g s w h i c h m u s t h a v e a p l a c e i n t h e m a k i n g o f t h e kathina-cloth in t o r o b e s ; a n d a g a i n a t V in . i. 2 9 7 a s r e p r e s e n t i n g t h i n g s t o b e u s e d in s t r e n g t h e n in g ro b es. * V A . 12 0 6 s a y s t h e fr a m e w a s m a d e a c c o r d in g t o t h e h e ig h t o f a t a ll m o n k , b u t w h e n t h e r o b e - m a t e r i a l w a s b e in g ( f o r m a ll y ) m a d e t h e r e , i t d i d n o t s u ffic e fo r (e v e n ) a s h o rt m o n k . * daxulakaihina. P .E . D . s a y s t h a t t h i s is kathina-oloih. s t r e t c h e d o n a s t i c k ( f o r t h e p u r p o s e o f m e a s u r in g ) . V A . 12 0 6 s a y s , ** i t m e a n s : # I a l lo w y o u t o b in d a n o t h e r f r a m e ( nisseni ) o f t h e h e i g h t o f s u c h a n d s a c h a m o n k in t h e m i d a l e o f t h a t o n e ' " (i.e . o f t h e o r ig in a l nissent, b y w h ic h V A . h a s a l r e a d y e x p l a in e d kathina).

CULLAVAGGA V 159 H*35] a sk e w e r ,1 a slip o f w o o d ,2 a c o rd fo r t y i n g ,3 a th r e a d fo r t y i n g ,4 a n d h a v in g tie d th e ro b e -m a te ria l, t o se w i t / ' T h e sp aces b e tw e e n th e th re a d s b e c a m e u n e q u a l .5 I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, a m a r k 6 (to k e ep th e sp a c e s b e tw e e n th e th re a d s e q u a l) / T h e th re a d s b e c a m e c ro o k e d . I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, a false th r e a d / 7 || 3 |j N o w a t t h a t tim e m o n k s tro d on a kathina -fra m r w ith un w a sh e d fe e t ; th e kathina -fra m e w a s d a m a g e d . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : M o n k s, a kathina-irzLme sh o u ld n o t b e tro d d e n u p o n if y o u r fe e t a re u n w a sh e d . W h o e v e r sh o u ld (so) tr e a d u p o n (one), th e re is an o ffen ce o f w ro n g d o in g / ' N o w a t t h a t tim e m o n k s tr o d on a kathina -fra m e w ith d a m p fe et. . . . H e sa id : M o n k s, a kathina-iraim e sh o u ld n o t be tro d d en u p o n if y o u r fe e t are d a m p . W h o e v e r sh o u ld (so) tre a d u p o n (one), th e re is a n o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g / ' N o w a t th a t tim e m o n k s tr o d on a kathina-tr&m e w ith th e ir sa n d a ls o n .8 . . . H e sa id : M o n k s, a kathina-ir3.m e sh o u ld n o t b e tro d d e n u p o n if y o u h a v e y o u r sa n d a ls on. W h o e v e r sh o u ld (so) tr e a d u p o n (one), th e re is a n o ffen ce o f w ro n g d o in g ." j| 4 || ' , N o w a t t h a t tim e m o n k s, se w in g ro b es, p r ic k e d 9 th e ir fin gers ; th e ir fin gers b e c a m e p a in fu l. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id . M o n k s, I a llo w a th im b le ."10 N o w a t th a t tim e th e g ro u p o f s ix m o n k s u sed v a r io u s k in d s o f th im b le s, m ad e o f g o ld , m a d e o f silv e r. [1 1 6 ] P e o p le . . . sp re a d it
1 p id a la k a ( V A . 12 0 6 v id a la k a ). V A . 1 2 0 6 s a y s , " i t is f o r m a k in g d o u b le , h a v in g d r a w n b a c k t h e e n d s (p a riy a n te ) o f t h e m a t in a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e m e a s u r e o f t h e s t i c k in t h e & a jm n a - f r a m e . * s a la k a . V A . 1 2 0 6 e x p l a i n s a s a s lip o f w o o d g o in g in b e t w e e n a d o u b le p ie c e o f r o b e - m a t e r ia l. 3 v in a n d k a n a r a jju . V A . 1 2 0 6 s n y s a c o r d t y i n g t h e s m a lle r f r a m e (n is s e n i) t o g e t h e r w i t h t h e la r g e f r a m e t h e r e .* ' 4 v in a n d h a n a s u tta k a . V A . 1206, t h r e a d f o r t y i n g t h e r o b e - m a t e r ia l t o t h e s m a lle r f r a m e . " * v isa m a . V A . 1 2 0 6 s a y s t h a t s o m e w e r e l a r g e , s o m e s m a ll. * k a lim b h a k a . V A . 1 2 0 6 s a y s t a l i p o t p a lm le a v e s a n d so o n w h a t e v e r d o e s fo r k n o w in g t h e ( r ig h t ) m e a s u r e ." 7 m og h a su tta ka . V A . 12 0 6 s a y s fo r r e c o g n it io n b y a y e l l o w t h r e a d , a s c a r p e n t e r s g o b y a b la c k t h r e a d o n a p ie c e o f w o o d .* ' S e e B . D . i v . 3 54 a n d c f. V A . 1 1 1 0 in e x p l a n a t io n o f b a n d h a n a m a tte n a . I n b o t h c a s e s t h e f a ls e t h e a d is a g u id e . 8 S e e B . D . iii. 1 4 4 , n . 1 . 9 p o tig a n h a n ti. 10 patiggaka. Cf. a b o v e , p

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a b o u t, s a y in g : " L ik e h o u se h o ld e rs w h o e n jo y p le a su re s o f th e senses.*' T h e y to ld th is m a t t e r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : " M o n k s, v a r io u s k in d s o f th im b le s sh o u ld n o t b e u se d . W h o e v e r sh o u ld u se th e m , th e r e is an o ffe n c e o f w ro n g -d o in g . I a llo w th e m , m o n k s, t o b e m a d e o f b o n e . . . m a d e o f th e in sid e o f a c o n c h -s h e ll." N o w a t th a t tim e n e e d les a n d sm a ll k n iv e s a n d th im b le s w e re lo s t. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e s a id : I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, a sm a ll b o w l t o h o ld (th ese th in g s in )."1 (T h e c o n te n ts of) th e sm a ll b o w ls g o t in a m u d d le . T h e y to ld t h is m a tte r to th e L o r d . H e sa id : I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, a b a g fo r th im b le s ." T h e r e w a s no s tr a p a t th e ed ge. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r t o th e L o rd . H e s a id : " I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, a s tr a p a t th e e d g e , a th r e a d fo r t y i n g ."2 || 5 )| N o w a t t h a t tim e as m o n k s w e re s e w in g ro b es in th e o p e n a ir t h e y w e re b o th e r e d b y c o ld a n d h e a t .3 T h e y to ld th is m a tte r t o th e L o r d . H e s a id ; I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, a h a ll fo r th e kathina-ira.tne, a h u t fo r th e kathina-iva.me.+ A h a ll fo r th e kathina-ivaxne w a s lo w to th e g r o u n d ,4 it w a s flo o d ed b y w a te r. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o r d . H e sa id : " I a llo w y o u , m o n k s , to m a k e it h ig h t o th e g r o u n d ." T h e p ilin g c o lla p s e d . I a llo w y o u , m o n k s , to p ile u p th re e (k in d s of) p ilin g s : a p ilin g o f b ric k s , a p ilin g o f sto n e s, a p ilin g o f w o o d . " 6 T h e y w e re in c o n v e n ie n c e d as t h e y w e re a sce n d in g . I a llo w , m o n k s, th re e (k in d s of) sta irc a s e s : a sta irc a e e of b ric k s , a s ta ir c a s e o f sto n e s, a s ta irc a s e o f w o o d ." A s t h e y w e re a sc e n d in g t h e y fe ll off. " I a llo w , m o n k s, a b a lu s tr a d e . " 6 P o w d e r e d g r a s s 7 fe ll in to th e h a ll fo r th e kathina - fra m e . I a llo w y o u , m o n k s , h a v in g la s h e d 8 o n (a r o o f9), to g iv e a
1 a v e s a n a v itth a h a . A v e s a n a is d w e llin g , v itth a a b o w l, a s in s u r d v itth a a t J a . v . 4 2 7 , D h A . iii. 6 6 . V A . 1 2 0 6 e x p l a i n s b y p a d - ( b o w l) c a n g o ta h d d i ( b o x a n d so o n ). * A s a t M V . V I . 12. 4. * C f . t h i s p a s s a g e w i t h C V . V . 14. 2 , 3 : V I . 3. 6 . 4 C f . t h i s p a s s a g e w i t h C V . V . 14- 2. * A s a t C V . V . 16. 2 ; 17. 2 ; V I . 3 . 3. s d la m b a n a b d h a . A la m b a n a b y i t s e l f is *'t h e p l i n t h o f a r a i l i n g o r b a lu s t r a d e / * A . K . C o o m a r a s w a m y , I n d i a n A r c h ite c tu r a l T e r m s , f . A . O . S . , V o l . 48, N o . 3, p . 2 5 1 . 7 ti% ia c u w a f a s a t V i n , i. 2 0 3 . 8 o g u m p h e tv d . C f . o g u m p h iy a n ti a t V i n . i. IQ 4. * S o V A . 1 2 0 7 , ch a d a n a n t o d h u n itv d .

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sm ea rin g in sid e a n d o u tsid e ,1 w h ite w a s h ,2 b la c k c o lo u rin g , red c h a lk , w re a th -w o rk , c ree p e r-w o rk , sw o rd fish te e th , th e fiv e (pieces of) c lo th d esign , a b a m b o o fo r h a n g in g u p r o b e -m a te ria l ,3 a c o rd fo r h a n g in g u p ro b e -m a te ria l / 13 || 6 || N o w a t t h a t tim e m o n k s, h a v in g se w n ro b e -m a te ria l, w e n t a w a y h a v in g le ft th e kathina-fra.m e a t th a t v e r y p la c e , a n d it w a s e a te n b y ra ts a n d w h ite a n ts. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to fo ld u p th e kathina-ivaxne. A kathina-ivaxne w a s sp lit. " I a llo w y o u , m o n ks, to fo ld u p th e kathina-ira.m e b y u sin g a w o o d e n r o d .*'4 A kathina -fra m e w a s tw is te d o u t o f p o sitio n .5 I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, a co rd fo r ty in g i t . N o w a t t h a t tim e m o n k s, h a v in g lifte d u p th e kathina -fra m e on to w a lls a n d p o sts, w e n t a w a y a n d th e kathina-iva.m e, h a v in g fa lle n d o w n , w a s sp lit. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : " I a llo w y o u , m on ks, to h a n g it on a p e g in a w a ll o r on an e le p h a n t-tu s k (p eg ). || 7 il 1 1 II T h e n th e L o rd h a v in g s ta y e d in R a ja g a h a fo r a s lo n g a s he fo u n d su itin g se t o u t on to u r fo r V e sa ll. N o w a t th a t tim e [1 1 7 ] th e m o n k s w e n t a lo n g (each) ta k in g h is n eed le a n d sm a ll k n ife a n d m e d icin e in h is b o w l. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, a b a g fo r m e d ic in e . T h e re w as no s tr a p a t th e ed ge. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e l o r d . H e sa id : I a llo w y o u , m o n k s , a stra p a t th e ed ge, a th re a d fo r t y in g . N o w a t t h a t tim e a c e rta in m o n k , h a v in g tie d h is sa n d a ls to h is g ird le e n te re d a v illa g e fo r a lm sfo o d . A c e rta in la y fo llo w er, g re e tin g t h a t m o n k , k n o c k e d u p a g a in st th e sa n d a ls w ith his h e a d . T h a t m o n k b e c a m e a sh am ed . T h e n t h a t m o n k , h a v in g a r r iv e d a t a m o n a ste ry , to ld th is m a tte r t o th e m on ks. T h e m o n k s to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id :
1 ullitdvalitta , a s in d e fin it io n o f h u t ** a n d " d w e l l in g - p l a c e " a t V in. iii. 1 4 9 , 1 5 6 r e s p e c t i v e l y (se e B .D . i. 2 6 7 , n . 3 ) . # * T h i s a n d t h e f o llo w i n g t e r m s , a s f a r a s " f iv e (p ie c e s o f ) c l o t h d e s i g n , " m e n t io n e d a g a i n a t Vin. ii. 1 2 1 , iv . 4 7 . C f. Vin . ii. 1 7 2 . F o r n o t e s s e e B .D . ii. 259. . s A llo w e d a t V in . i. 286. * goghamsika. I d o n o t f o llo w t h e m e a n in g a s g iv e n a t Vin. Texts iii. 98, fo r m o n k s w e r e n o t a llo w e d t o u s e c o w h id e s (V in . i. 1 9 3 ) . V A . 120 7 sa y s, h a v i n g a r r a n g e d (katva) a b a m b o o o r a s t i c k (dap^aha) f r o m a t r e e in s id e , t o f o ld it u p (i.e . t h e f r a m e ) t o g e t h e r w it h t h a t . 5 vivethiyati. G*

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I a llo w y o u , m o n k s , a b a g fo r s a n d a ls ." T h e r e w a s n o s tr a p a t th e ed ge. ** I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, a s tr a p a t th e ed ge, a th re a d fo r t y i n g ." || 12 j[ N o w a t t h a t tim e on a c e rta in ro a d th e re w a s w a te r t h a t w a s n o t a llo w a b le 1 (for) th e re w a s n o stra in e r. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd , H e sa id : I a llo w , m o n k s, a s tr a in e r ." A little p ie ce o f c lo th w a s n o t e n o u g h . I a llo w , m o n k s, a stra in e r on a la d le ." T h e little p ie ce o f c lo th w a s n o t e n o u g h . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o r d . H e s a id : I a llo w a re g u la tio n w a te r p o t . 2 |j x || N o w a t th a t tim e tw o m o n k s w e re g o in g a lo n g a h ig h ro a d in th e K o s a la n c o u n tr y . O r e m o n k in d u lg e d in b a d h a b its .3 T h e o th e r m o n k sp o k e th u s to th a t m o n k : " D o n o t do th a t, y o u r re v e re n c e , it is n o t a llo w a b le ." H e g ru m b le d a t h im . T h e n t h a t m o n k , to rm e n te d b y th ir s t, sp o k e th u s to th e m o n k w h o h a d g ru m b le d : G iv e m e th e s tr a in e r ,4 y o u r re v e re n c e , I w ill d rin k (some) w a t e r ." T h e m o n k w h o h a d g ru m b le d did n o t g iv e it. T h a t m o n k p a ss e d a w a y , to rm e n te d b y th irst. T h e n th a t m o n k , h a v in g a r r iv e d a t a m o n a s te ry , to ld th is m a tte r to th e m o n k s. T h e y s a id : " B u t d id y o u , y o u r re v e re n ce , (a lth o u g h ) b e in g a sk e d , n o t g iv e a stra in e r ? " N o , y o u r r e v e re n c e s . T h o s e w h o w ere m o d est m o n k s lo o k e d d o w n u p o n , c ritic is e d , sp re a d it a b o u t, s a y in g : H o w c a n th is m o n k , w h e n b e in g a sk e d fo r a stra in e r, n o t g iv e it ? " T h e n th ese m o n k s to ld th is m a tte r t o th e L o rd . T h e n th e L o rd on th is o cca sio n , in th is c o n n e c tio n , h a v in g h a d th e O rd e r o f m o n k s c o n v e n e d , q u e stio n e d th is m o n k , s a y in g : I s it tru e , a s is sa id , t h a t y o u , m o n k , w h e n b e in g a sk e d fo r a stra in e r, d id n o t g iv e it ? " I t is tru e , L o r d . T h e e n lig h te n e d one, th e L o r d re b u k e d h im , s a y in g : I t is n o t s u ita b le in y o u , fo o lis h m a n , it is n o t b e co m in g , it is n o t fittin g , it is n o t w o r th y o f a reclu se, it is n o t a llo w a b le ,
1 D o u b t l e s s m e a n in g t h a t i t h a d '* l i v i n g c r e a t u r e s ** in i t a n o ffe n c e t o m a k e u s e o f w a t e r li k e t h is , P a c . L X I I , a n d c f. P a c . X X . % d h a m m a k a r a k a , a s a t V i n . ii. 1 7 7 , 3 0 2 . C f . D h A . iii. 29 0 . * C f . V i n . i v . 83 ( B . D . ii. 3 3 2 ). 4 I t l o o k s a s i f t h e s t r a in e r , a t t h e d a t e o f t h i s e p is o d e , w a s c o m m u n a l, o n e s e r v in g a n u m b e r o f m o n k s . A t V i n . ii. 302 i t is p iv e n a m o n g a r e c lu s e 's r e q u i s i t e s .

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it is n o t to b e d o n e. H o w c a n y o u , fo o lish m a n , w h e n b e in g a sk e d fo r a stra in e r, n o t g iv e it ? I t is n o t, [118 ] foolish m a n , fo r p le a sin g th o se w h o a re n o t (yet) p le a se d . . . . H a v in g re b u k e d h im , h a v in g g iv e n re a so n e d ta lk , h e a d d ressed th e m o n k s, s a y in g : M o n k s, if a m o n k is g o in g a lo n g a h ig h ro a d a n d is b e in g a sk e d fo r a stra in e r, he sh o u ld n o t n ot g iv e it. W h o e v e r sh o u ld n o t g iv e it, th e re is a n o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g . N o r, m o n k s, sh o u ld y o u g o a lo n g a h ig h ro a d w ith o u t a stra in e r. W h o e v e r sh o u ld (so) g o , th e re is a n o ffen ce o f w ron g-d oin g* I f th e re is n o t a stra in e r n o r a re g u la tio n w a te r-p o t, th e n a c o m e r o f th e o u te r c lo a k sh o u ld be d e te rm in e d u p o n w ith th e w o rd s, * I w ill d rin k (w ater) h a v in g stra in e d it w ith th is V || 2 || T h e n th e L o rd , w a lk in g on to u r g r a d u a lly a r r iv e d a t V e sa ll. T h e L o r d s ta y e d th e re in V e s a li in th e G r e a t G ro v e a t th e H a ll o f th e G a b le d P illa rs. N o w a t t h a t tim e m o n k s w ere m a k in g rep a irs. T h e w a te r-s tra in e r d id n o t ce a se (to be in use2). T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : I a llo w , m o n ks, a d o u b le w a te r-s tra in e r . 2 T h e d o u b le w a te r-stra in e r d id n o t ce a se (to be in u se). T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd , H e sa id : I a llo w , m o n k s, a filte r . 3 N o w a t th a t tim e m o n k s w e re p e ste re d b y m o sq u ito es. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e s a id : I a llo w , m o n k s, a m o sq u ito n e t . 1 || 3 I! 1 3 || N o w a t th a t tim e a t V e s a ll a su c c e ssio n o f m e a ls o f su m p tu o u s fo o d s c a m e t o be a rra n g e d .5 M o n k s, h a v in g e a te n th e
1 na sammati, d id n o t r e s t , c e a s e . T h e m e a n in g m u s t b e t h a t t h e t h i r s t y m o n k s m a d e s u c h c o n s t a n t d e m a n d s u p o n i t t h a t i t d id n o t m e e t t h e ir n e e d s a n d t h a t t h e r e f o r e s o m e t h in g la r g e r w a s w a n t e d t o g i v e m o r e w a t e r a n d m o re q u ic k ly . 1 dandaparissdvana. C f . dandasatthaka a n d daxtdakathina a t C V . V , 11. i , 3. Vin. Texts iii. 10 2 g i v e s d o u b l e s t r a in e r w i t h n o t e t h a t i t is " a p p a r e n t l y a lo n g b o x , b o t h e n d s o f w h ic h s t r a i n t h e w a t e r w h ic h is p o u r e d in t o t h e m id d le b y m e a n s o f a p i p e (dangaka). Dangakathina c e r t a i n l y h a s n e a r l y t h e m e a n in g o f a d o u b le kathina-irs.me.'* V A . 12 0 7 s a y s lik e d y e r s ' s t r a in e r s f o r a l k a l in e d y e s , h a v i n g t i e d a p ie c e o f c l o t h t o t h e f o u r e n d s o f a f r a m e , w a t e r s h o u ld b e p o u r e d in t o a p i p e (dandaka) in t h e m id d le . T h e n y o u s t r a in , h a v i n g fille d b o t h t h e d iv is io n s / * 8 ottharaka, a k in d o f s t r a in e r . I t s e e m s , f r o m B u ' s r e m a r k s , t h a t t h is is a s t r a in e r w h ic h b y m e a n s o f f o u r p i p e s f ilte r s w a t e r t h a t m o n k s c a n t h e n t a k e in a p it c h e r . 4 makasakutika , o r m o s q u it o - c u r t a in . V A . 1 2 0 7 e x p l a in s b y clvarakutika. D o e s t h i s m e a n a l i t t l e h u t ( m a d e o f r o b e - m a t e r ia l) ? " 6 A s a t Vin. i v . 7 5 ; i. 5 7 ( R a j a g a h a ) , i. 2 4 8 ( K u s i n a r a ) . '

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s u m p tu o u s fo o d s, b e ca m e v e r y ill w ith th e ir b o d ies fu ll o f (bad) h u m o u r s .1 T h e n J iv a k a K o m a r a b h a c c a w e n t to V e s a li on so m e b u sin ess o r o th e r. J iv a k a K o m a r a b h a c c a s a w th e m o n k s w h o w e re v e r y ill w ith th e ir b o d ie s fu ll o f (bad) h u m o u rs ; se e in g th e m , he a p p ro a c h e d th e L o r d ; h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d , h a v in g g re e te d th e L o rd , h e s a t d o w n a t a re sp e c tfu l d is ta n c e . A s h e w a s s ittin g d o w n a t a re s p e c tfu l d is ta n c e , J iv a k a K o m a r a b h a c c a sp o k e th u s to th e L o r d : A t p re se n t, L o rd , m o n k s a re v e r y ill w ith th e ir b o d ies fu ll o f (bad) h u m o u rs. I t w ere w ell, L o r d , if th e L o rd a llo w e d th e m o n k s a p la c e fo r p a c in g u p a n d d o w n in a n d a b a th r o o m .2 T h u s w ill th e m o n k s c o m e to h a v e fe w a fflic tio n s ."3 T h e n th e L o rd g la d d e n e d , re jo ic e d , ro u se d , d e lig h te d J iv a k a K o m a r a b h a c c a w ith t a lk on dham m a . T h e n J iv a k a K o m a r a b h a c c a , g la d d e n e d . . . d e lig h te d b y th e L o r d w ith t a lk on dham m a , risin g fro m his se a t, h a v in g g re e te d th e L o rd , d e p a rte d k e e p in g h is r ig h t sid e to w a rd s h im . T h e n th e L o r d o n th is o cca sio n , in th is c o n n e c tio n , h a v in g g iv e n re a so n e d ta lk , a d d re sse d th e m o n k s, s a y in g : I a llo w , m o n k s, a p la c e fo r p a c in g u p a n d d o w n in , an d a b a th ro o m * " || 1 || N o w a t t h a t tim e [1 1 9 ] m o n k s p a c e d u p a n d d o w n in a n u n e v e n p la c e fo r p a c in g u p a n d d o w n in ; th e ir fe e t b e c a m e p a in fu l. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r t o th e L o rd . H e sa id : " I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to m a k e it l e v e l / A p la c e fo r p a c in g u p a n d d o w n in w a s lo w to th e g r o u n d ; it w a s flo o d ed b y w a te r. " I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to m a k e it h ig h to th e g ro u n d . . . (as in V . 1 1 . 6). . . . I a llo w y o u , m o n k s , a b a lu s t r a d e ." N o w a t t h a t tim e , m o n k s, a s t h e y w e re p a c in g u p a n d d o w n in th e p la c e fo r p a c in g u p a n d d o w n in , fe ll off. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e s a id : " I a llo w , m o n k s, a ra ilin g ro u n d th e p la c e fo r p a c in g u p a n d d o w n in ." 4 N o w a t th a t tim e m o n k s, p a c in g u p a n d d o w n in th e o p e n a ir, w e re b o th e re d
1 A s a t V i n . i. 206. * ja n ta g h a r a , a s a t M V . I . 25. 1 2 ; s e e B . D . i v . 6 2 , a n d V i n . T e x t s iii. 10 3 , n . 2. a a p p & b a d h a. J i v a k a w a s p r o b a b l y t a k i n g a w id e r v i e w o f m a in t a in in g th e m o n k s ' h e a lth t h a n th e c o n v a l e s c e n t *' o f V i n . T e x t s iii. 10 3 a l l o t s f o r . 4 ca n k a m a n a v e d ik a . A s n o t e d b y A . IC. C o o m a r a s w a m y i n I n d i a n A r c h ite c tu r a l T e r m s , J . A . O . S ., V o l . 48, N o . 3, p . 2 7 3 {q.v. f o r f u r t h e r r e f e r e n c e s ) , D . ii. 1 7 9 g i v e s t h e c o m p o n e n t p a r t s o f a v e d ik a ; t h e u p r ig h t s , t h e c r o s s - b a r s a n d t h e c o p in g . C f . v e d ik a v a ta p a n a a t C V . V I . 2 . 2.

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b y c o ld a n d h e a t. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e s a id : I a llo w , m o n k s, a h a ll in th e p la c e fo r p a c in g u p an d d o w n i n ." P o w d e re d g ra ss fe ll in to th e h a ll in th e p la ce fo r p a c in g u p a n d d o w n in. I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, h a v in g la sh ed on (a roof) . . . (as in V . 1 1 . 6 ) . . . a c o rd fo r h a n g in g u p ro b e -m a te ria l. |[ 2 || A b a th ro o m w a s lo w to th e g ro u n d ; it w a s flo o d ed b y w a te r. " I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to m a k e it h ig h to th e g ro u n d . . . (as in V . 1 1 . 6) . . . a b a lu s tr a d e ." T h e re w a s n o d o o r 1 to a b a th ro o m . I a llo w , m o n k s, a d o o r, a d o o rp o st a n d lin te l ,3 a h o llo w lik e a m o rta r (for th e d o o r to re v o lv e in 3), a sm all u p p e r p ro je c tio n ,4 a p o st fo r th e b o lt , 5 a * m o n k e y 's h e a d ,'6 a p in (to se cu re th e b o lt ),7 a (stick u sed a s a) b o lt ,8 a k e y h o le ,9 a hole fo r p u llin g th ro u g h (th e c o rd ),10c o rd fo r p u llin g th r o u g h . 11 T h e lo w e r p a rt o f th e la th a n d p la s te r w a ll 12 o f a b a th ro o m d e c a y e d . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to m a k e a fa c in g (round i t ). 13 T h e
1 ka v a ta , t h e d o o r i t s e lf , t h a t w h i c h c lo s e s t h e a p e r t u r e . 2 p itth a sa m g h a ta . A l lo w e d a g a i n w i t h t h e t w o f o llo w in g i t e m s a t C V . V I . 2. i . * u d u k k h a lik a . I f o l lo w t r a n s la t io n a t V i n . T e x t s iii. 1 0 5 . 4 u tta r a p d s a k a . V i n . T e x t s iii. 1 0 5 - 6 " p r o j e c t io n s t o r e v o l v e in t h e s e h ollow s.** 6 a g g a la v a tti . V A . 12 0 7 sa y s, th e sa m e m e a su re a s t h e d o o rp o s t, dvdrabah d , i t is s im p ly c a lle d a g g a la th a m b h a ( p o s t f o r a b o lt o r b a r ) . H a v in g m a d e t h r e e o r f o u r h o le s t h e r e , t h e y p u t in p in s *' (s u c i, o r c r o s s - b a r s ) . 6 k a p is ls a k a . V A . 12 0 7 s a y s , " t h i s m e a n s , h a v i n g p e r f o r a t e d t h e d o o r p o s t , i t is c a lle d a b o l t - p r o je c t io n , a g g a la p d s d k a , p u t in t h e r e . C .P .D . {un d er a g g a la p d sd k a ) n o t e s t h a t ** a c c o r d i n g t o V A . ( V i n . ii. 12 0 ) = k a p is ls a k a , q u a d r a n g u la r e n d o f t h e b o lt o f a d o o r , S . B . E . X X . p . 10 6 ).* 1 C f . D . ii. 1 4 3 , k a p is ls a m a la m b itv d th ito , w h ic h D A . 5 8 4 e x p la i n s a s k a p is ls a k a n i i d v d ra b a h a ko tiy a m thitarn a g g a la r u k k h a m , ** a p i e c e o f w o o d f o r t h e b o lt f ix e d a t t h e t o p o f t h e d o o r p o s t/ * I t m u s t b e a h o le o r c a v i t y t o r e c e i v e t h e b o l t . T h e w o r d a ls o o c c u r s a t J a . iii. 2 3 . 7 s u c ik a . V A . 12 0 7 s a y s , " i t is p u t in , h a v i n g m a d e a h o le in t h e m id d le t h e i e " (i.e . in t h e " m o n k e y 's h e a d *'). C f . a g g a la su ci a t M . i. 1 2 6 , " t h e p in fo r t h e b o lt/ * 8 g h a tik d . V A . 1 2 0 7 m e r e ly s a y s ** jo in e d a b o v e , * u p a r i y o jit d . C f. g h a tik a m ugghdletvd, h a v i n g u n d o n e t h e b o l t , a t V i n . ii. 2 0 7 , a n d sH cigh atika a t V i n . ii. 2 3 7 , 5 . i v . 2 9 0 U d . 5 2 . I t is e x p la in e d a t U d A , 298 : s u c ig h a tik d m e a n s h a v i n g f ix e d (d d a h itv a , v .l. a d itn ka tv d ) t h e p in f o r t h e b o l t , a g g a ja s u c i , a n d t h e u p p e r b o lt , u p a r ig h a tik a r h a v i n g c lo s e d i t f i r m l y . T h e g h a tik d w o u ld a p p e a r t o b e a s u b s i d i a r y b o lt , t h e m a in o n e b e in g t h e a gga la . * C f . b e lo w , p . 2 0 7. 10 d v in c h a n a c h id d a . T h i s a n d t h e n e x t a llo w e d a g a i n a t C V . V I . 2. 1 b e c a u s e t h e r e d o o r s c o u ld n o t b e m a d e t o m e e t ( t h e d o o r p o s t s ) , n a p h a s s ly a n t i. 11 d v iiic h a n a r a jju . 12 k u 4$ a p d d a ; a ls o b e lo w V I . 3. 4 o f a d w e llin g - p la c e a n d w h e r e a d if f e r e n t r e m e d y w a s " a llo w e d / * 1* maxi 4 ,alikaTn ka tu tn . V A . 1 2 0 7 s a y s n lc a v a tth u k a m c in it u m , " t o p il e lo w t o t h e g r o u n d ," f o r w h ic h e x p r e s s io n c f , V . 1 1 . 6.

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b a th ro o m h a d n o p ip e fo r th e s te a m .1 I a llo w , m o n k s, a p ip e fo r th e s te a m . N o w a t t h a t tim e m o n k s m a d e a fire p la ce in th e m id d le o f a sm a ll b a th ro o m , a n d th e re w a s n o a c c e s s .2 I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to m a k e a firep la ce a t o n e sid e o f a sm a ll b a th ro o m , in th e m id d le o f a la r g e o n e . T h e fire in th e b a th ro o m s c o rc h e d th e ir fa ces. " I a llo w , m o n k s , c la y fo r th e fa c e . 3 T h e y m o is te n e d th e c la y w ith th e ir h a n d s. " I a llo w , m o n k s, a tu b fo r th e c l a y . T h e c la y c a m e to sm ell n a s ty . I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to c u r e 4 i t . T h e fire in th e b a th ro o m sco rch e d th e ir b o d ies. " I a llo w y o u , m o n k s , to ta k e in w a te r . T h e y to o k in w a te r in d ish es a n d b o w ls. I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, a re c e p ta c le fo r w a te r , 5 a s a u c e r 6 fo r th e w a te r . A b a th ro o m w ith a g ra s s ro o fin g d id n o t m a k e th e m s w e a t. " I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, h a v in g la s h e d o n (a ro o f ),7 to g iv e it a sm e a rin g in sid e a n d o u ts id e . T h e b a th ro o m b e c a m e s w a m p y . " I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to sp re a d th re e (k in d s of) sp re a d in g s : a sp re a d in g o f b r ic k s , a sp re a d in g o f sto n es, a sp re a d in g o f w o o d . 8 E v e n so it b e c a m e s w a m p y . " I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to w a sh i t . W a te r re m a in e d . I a llo w , m o n k s, a d ra in fo r th e w a t e r . 9 N o w a t t h a t tim e m o n k s s a t d o w n [120 ] on th e g ro u n d in a b a th r o o m a n d t h e y g o t p in s a n d n e e d les in th e ir lim b s. I a llo w , m o n k s , a c h a ir fo r th e b a th r o o m . N o w a t t h a t tim e a b a th ro o m w a s n o t fe n c e d in. I a llo w , m o n k s, th re e (kin d s of) fe n ces to fe n c e it in w ith : a fen ce o f b ric k s , a fe n ce o f sto n e s, a fe n c e o f w o o d . 10 j| 3 [| T h e r e w a s no p o r c h .11 I a llo w , m o n k s, a p o r c h . The p o rc h w a s lo w to th e g ro u n d ; it w a s flo o d ed b y w a te r . c' I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to m a k e it h ig h to th e g ro u n d * . . (as in
1 d h u m a n e tta . C f . M V . V I . 13. 2 . V A . 1 2 0 7 s a y s a h o le f o r l e t t i n g o u t th e s te a m . * u p a c a r a a s in C V . V l . 3. 3. 3 m u k h a m a ttik a . C f . M V . I . 25. 1 2 . * v a se tu m , in t h e s e n s e o f t o p r e p a r e , t o t r e a t , a s a t M V . V I . 17. B u . s a y s *' t o c u r e w i t h p e r f u m e s .*' 6 u d a k a tth a n a . B u . r e a d s u d a k a r tid h a n a , a r e c e p t a c l e f o r w a t e r , a n d e x p l a i n s , " a p l a c e f o r p u t t i n g w a t e r ; h a v i n g p u t t h e w a t e r in a p i t c h e r (g h ata) t h e r e , o n e c a n u s e i t b y m e a n s o f a s a u c e r " {or c u p ) . * s a rd v a k a , a s a t V i n . i. 2 0 3 . C f . a c a m a n a s a r d v a k a a t C V . V . 35. 4 . 7 S e e a b o v e , C V . V , 11. 6 . * A s in C V . V . 17. 1 . * A s a t e n d o f C V . V . 14. 5 ; 17. 2. 10 A s a t V . 17. 1 ; c f. V i n . i v . 2 6 6 . 11 k o tfh a k a . V A . 12 0 8 s a y s t h i s m e a n s d v a ra k o tth a k a , g a t e w a y in t h e p o r c h . S e e C V . V . 35. 4 . '*

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V . 1 1 . 6) . . . a b a lu s tr a d e / ' T h e re w a s no d o o r to th e p o rch . I a llo w , m o n k s, a d oor, d o o rp o sts a n d lin te l . . . (as in V . 14 . 3) . . . a hole fo r p u llin g th ro u g h (the co rd ), c o rd for p u llin g th r o u g h / P o w d e re d g ra ss fe ll on t o th e p o rch . " I a llo w y o u , m o n ks, h a v in g la sh e d on (a ro o f), to g iv e it a sm ea rin g in sid e a n d o u tsid e , w h ite w a s h , b la c k co lo u rin g , red c h a lk , g a rla n d d esign , c ree p e r d esign , sw o rd fish te e th , th e five (pieces of) c lo th d e sig n / ' 1 || 4 [ | A c e ll b e ca m e s w a m p y .2 " I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to sp rin k le g r a v e l / '3 T h e y d id n o t su cce ed in d o in g so. " I a llo w y o u , m o n ks, to la y d o w n fla g s to n e s / ' W a te r re m a in e d , < c I a llo w , m o n ks, a d ra in fo r th e w a te r / '4 [| 5 || 1 4 || N o w a t th a t tim e m o n k s, w h ile n a k e d ,5 g re e te d o th e rs w h o w ere n a k e d a n d c a u se d o th e rs w h o w ere n a k e d to g re e t th e m ; d id a se rv ic e to o th e rs w h o w ere n a k e d a n d m a d e o th e rs do a se rv ic e to th o se w h o w ere n a k e d ; w h ile n a k e d t h e y g a v e to o th e rs w h o w e re n a k e d , a c c e p te d n a k e d , a te n a k e d , p a rto o k o f n a k e d , ta s te d n a k e d , d ra n k n a k e d . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : M onks, one w h o is n a k e d sh o u ld n e ith e r g re e t npr b e g re e te d b y one w h o is n a k e d ; one w h o is n a k e d sh o u ld n o t ca u se a n o th e r to g re e t n o r to be g re e te d b y one w h o is n a k e d ; a se rv ice fo r one w h o is n a k e d sh o u ld n o t b e d o n e b y one w h o is n a k e d , a se rvice for one w h o is n a k e d sh o u ld n o t b e c a u se d to b e d on e b y one w h o is n a k e d ; one w h o is n a k e d sh o u ld n o t g iv e to a n a k e d o n e, o n e w h o is n a k e d sh o u ld n o t a c c e p t, one w h o is n a k e d sh o u ld n o t e a t, one w h o is n a k e d sh o u ld n o t p a rta k e of, . . . sh o u ld n o t ta s te . . . sh o u ld n o t d rin k . W h o e v e r sh o u ld (so) d rin k , th e re is an o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g . 1115 I! N o w a t t h a t tim e m o n k s la id asid e th e ir ro b es on th e g ro u n d in a b a th r o o m ; th e ro b es b e c a m e so ile d w ith d u s t . 6 T h e y
1 A s a t C V . V . 1 1 . 6. * A s a t C V . V . 35. 4 :V I . 3.8. 3 tn arum ba, a s in P a c . X in d e fin it io n o f " n a t u r a l g r o u n d " ii. 2 2 4 a n d n . 1 ) . * A s in C V . V . 14- 3. * T h a t is, in t h e b a t h r o o m . * A s a t C V . V . 11. 3.

(s e e B . D .

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to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o r d . H e s a id : I a llo w , m o n k s, a b a m b o o fo r ro b es, a c o rd fo r r o b e s / ' W h e n it ra in e d th e ro bes g o t w e t. " I a llo w , [12 1] m o n k s , a h a ll in th e b a th r o o m / ' T h e h a ll in th e b a th ro o m w a s lo w to th e g ro u n d . " I a llo w , m o n ks, . . . (as in V . 1 1 . 6) . . . a b a lu s tr a d e . P o w d e re d g ra ss fell on to th e h a ll in th e b a th ro o m . I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, h a v in g la sh e d on (a roof) . . . ( a s i n V . 1 1 . 6 ) . . . a b a m b o o fo r ro b es, a c o rd fo r ro b e s . J | I || N o w a t t h a t tim e m o n k s w ere d o u b tfu l a b o u t d o in g a se rv ic e b o th w h en in a b a th ro o m a n d in th e w a te r. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o r d . H e sa id : ' I a llo w , m o n k s, th re e (kin d s of) c o v e r in g s : a c o v e r in g to th e b a th ro o m , a c o v e r in g to th e w a te r , a c o v e r in g b y c lo th e s .1 N o w a t th a t tim e th e re w a s n o w a te r in a b a th ro o m . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e s a id : I a llo w , m o n k s, a w e ll. T h e fa c in g o f th e w e ll fe ll in .2 I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to p ile u p th re e (k in d s of) p ilin g s : a p ilin g o f b ric k s , a p ilin g o f sto n e s, a p ilin g o f w o o d . T h e w e ll w a s lo w to th e g ro u n d . . . (as i n V . 1 1 . 6) . . . I a llo w , m o n k s, a b a lu s tr a d e . N o w a t th a t tim e m o n k s d re w w a te r b y m ea n s o f ju n g le ro p e, a n d b y m ea n s o f a w a is tb a n d . " I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, a c o rd fo r d ra w in g w a t e r . T h e ir h a n d s b e c a m e p a in fu l. I a llo w , m o n k s ,-a w e ll-s w e e p ,3 a h a n d -w h e e l ,4 a w h e el a n d b u c k e ts . 5 M a n y v e sse ls w ere b ro k e n . I a llo w m o n k s, th re e (k in d s of) ja r s : a c o p p e r ja r , a w o o d e n ja r, s trip s o f a n im a ls' h id e . * N o w a t th a t tim e m o n k s, d ra w in g w a te r in th e op en a ir, w ere b o th e re d b y c o ld a n d h e a t. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e s a i d : " I a llo w , m o n k s, a h a ll fo r a w e ll/ P o w d e re d g ra ss fe ll on to th e h a ll fo r a w ell. " I a llo w , m o n k s,
1 V A . 12 0 8 s a y s t h a t t h e t w o f o r m e r a r e f o r d o in g a s e r v ic e , b u t n o t fo r g r e e t in g , e t c . , t h e l a s t is f o r d o in g a l l k in d s o f s e r v ic e s . 3 A s a t C V . V . 17. 2. 8 tu la . V A . 12 0 8 s a y s '* a p o le f o r l i f t i n g u p (o r p u ll in g u p , u b b d h a n a ) th e w a te r lik e t h a t u se d fo r v e g e ta b le s , p a n n i k a n a v n A . K . C o o m a ra s w a m y s a y s i t m e a n s h e r e " w e ll - s w e e p / ' I n d i a n A r c h i t . T e r m s , p . 2 7 1 , w h ic h a ls o s e e , loo. t i t . f o r t h e t w o f o llo w in g t e r m s . T h e t h r e e t e r m s in d i c a t e d if f e r e n t m e t h o d s o f p u l l i n g u p w a t e r . E d d . V in , T e x t s , iii. 1 1 2 h a d a c o r r u p t c o p y o f V A . b e fo r e t h e m . * k a r a k a ta k a . K a t a k a is a n y t h i n g c ir c u l a r , s o a w h e e l. V A . 12 0 8 s a y s ** e it h e r h a v i n g h a r n e s s e d it t o b u ll o c k s o r h a v i n g t a k e n i t w i t h t h e h a n d s , it is a n in s t r u m e n t w i t h a lo n g s t r a p f o r p u l l i n g u p * (a b u c k e t o f w a t e r ) . 6 ca k k a v a tta k a . V A . 12 0 8 s a y s " i t is a c o n t r i v a n c e fo r j a r s t o b e t a k e n o ff t h e s p o k e s o f a w h e e l / ' a r a h a ta g h a tiy a n ta m (v .l. a ra h a tta g h a ti - ) . * V A . 12 0 8 , " a h id e v e s s e l t h a t c a n b e jo in e d t o t h e w e ll- s w e e p o r t h e h a n d - w h e e l.* '

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. . . ( a s i n V . 1 1 . 6) . . . a b a m b o o fo r ro b es, a co rd fo r ro b e s . T h e w ell w a s n o t c o v e re d . I t w a s litte r e d w ith p o w d e re d g ra ss a n d w ith d u st. I a llo w , m o n k s, a lid / '1 T h e re w a s no vessel fo r th e w a te r. I a llo w , m o n k s, a tro u g h fo r w a te r, a p o t 2 fo r w a t e r / ' |[ 2 |[ 1 6 |j N o w a t th a t tim e m o n k s b a th e d h ere, th e re a n d e v e ry w h e re in a m o n a s te r y ; th e m o n a s te r y b e c a m e s w a m p y . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L ord * H e s a id : " I a llo w , m o n k s, a p o o l/ T h e p o o l w a s p u b lic . I a llo w , m o n k s, th re e (k in d s of) fe n ces to fe n ce it in : a fe n ce o f b ric k s , a fe n c e o f sto n es, a fe n ce o f w o o d / '3 T h e p o o l b e ca m e sw am p y* " I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to sp re a d th re e (kin d s of) sp re a d in g s : a sp re a d in g o f b rick s , a sp re a d in g o f sto n es, a sp re a d in g o f w o o d . 3 T h e w a te r rem a in ed . I a llo w , m o n k s, a d r a in / ' 4 N o w a t t h a t tim e m o n k s' lim b s c o o le d d o w n . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : I a llo w , m o n k s, a w ip e r (w ith w h ic h to w ip e off) th e w a t e r 5 a n d to sp on ge y o u rs e lv e s d o w n w ith a c lo th *6 [|i || N o w a t t h a t [122] tim e a c e rta in la y fo llo w e r w a s a n x io u s to b u ild a ta n k fo r a n Order* T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : I a llo w , m o n k s, a t a n k . T h e fa c in g o f th e ta n k fe ll in .7 I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to p ile u p th re e (kin d s of) p ilin g s : a p ilin g o f b ric k s , a p ilin g o f sto n e s, a p ilin g o f w o o d . 8 T h e y w ere in c o n v e n ie n c e d a s t h e y w ere a scen d in g . " I a llo w , m o n ks, th ree (kin d s of) sta irc a s e s : a sta irc a s e o f b ric k s , a sta irc a se o f sto n es, a sta irc a s e o f w o o d . A s t h e y w ere a sc e n d in g t h e y fe ll off. " I a llo w , m o n k s, a b a lu s tr a d e . T h e w a te r in th e t a n k b e ca m e s ta le . I a llo w , m o n k s, a p ip e fo r th e w a te r ,0 a d ra in fo r th e w a te r .
1 a p id h a n a a s a t M V . V I . 12. 2. 3 k a ta k a , o r r e c e p t a c le . 3 A s a t C V . V . 14. 3. 4 A s a t C V . V . 14. 3, 5 . B u d a k a p u n c h a n l. I n v ie w o f th e fa c t t h a t B u . s a y s " m a d e o f iv o r y , m a d e o f h o r n , m a d e o f w o o d , i t c a n n o t u n h e s it a t i n g l y b e r e n d e r e d to w e l " {as a t V i n . T e x t s iii. 1 1 4 ) . Y e t t h e t h r e e s o r t s a llo w e d a t V i n . ii. 1 7 4 a r e t h o s e o f b e a r s k in , d r a p e r y a n d c l o t h a n d B u . m e n t io n s c o la k a p d d a p u n c h a n a in Corny . o n C V . V I , 2. 2 . C f . p a d a p u n c h a n l a t V i n . i v . 4 0 . T h e w o r d a ls o o c c u r s a t V i n . i v . 16 8 ( B . D . iii .8 9 ). * c o la k e n a p a c c u d d h a r itu m a s a t C V . V I . 3. 1. A s a t C V . V . 16. 2. 8 A s a t C V . V . 11. 6. 9 u d a k d y a tik a . V A . 12 0 8 ( r e a d in g u d a k a m a tik a , a c h a n n e l, c o u r s e , a s d o e s C in g . e d n . o f V in .) s a y s t h i s is a m a tik a f o r b r in g in g w a t e r in . T h e d r a in w ill h a v e b e e n t o le a d i t a w a y .

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N o w a t th a t tim e a c e rta in m o n k w a s a n x io u s to b u ild a b a th ro o m w ith a c u r v in g ro o f 1 fo r an O rd e r. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : I a llo w , m o n k s, a b a th ro o m w ith a c u r v in g r o o f." || 2 |[ 1 7 || N o w a t t h a t tim e th e g ro u p o f s ix m o n k s w ere a w a y , se p a r a te d fro m 2 th e ir p ie ce s o f c lo th to sit u p o n 3 fo r fo u r m o n th s. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r t o th e L o r d . H e sa id : M o n k s, y o u sh o u ld n o t be a w a y , s e p a ra te d fro m y o u r p ie ce s o f c lo th to sit u p o n fo r fo u r m o n th s. W h o e v e r sh o u ld be (so) a w a y , se p a ra te d fro m , th e re is a n o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g ." N o w a t th a t tim e th e g ro u p o f s ix m o n k s la y d o w n to sleep on b e d s w h ic h w e re s c a tte r e d o v e r w ith flo w ers. P e o p le , to u r in g th e d w e llin g -p la c e , h a v in g seen th e m . , . sp re a d it a b o u t, s a y in g ; L ik e h o u seh o ld ers w h o e n jo y p le a su re s of th e s e n s e s ." T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e said : " M o n k s, y o u sh o u ld n o t lie d o w n to slee p on b e d s s c a tte re d o v e r w ith flo w ers. W h o e v e r sh o u ld (so) lie d o w n to sleep, th e re is a n o ffen ce o f w r o n g -d o in g ." N o w a t t h a t tim e p e o p le , ta k in g sc e n ts a n d g a rla n d s , ca m e to a m o n a ste ry . M o n k s b e in g sc ru p u lo u s, d id n o t a c c e p t th e m . T h e y t o ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, h a v in g ta k e n th e sce n ts, to g iv e th e fivefin g er m a r k 4 on th e d o o r ; h a v in g ta k e n th e flo w ers, to la y th e m d o w n in a d w e llin g -p la c e a t o n e s id e ." || 1 8 || N o w a t t h a t tim e a p iece o f fe lt 5 a c c ru e d to a n O rd er. T h e y
1 T h i s r e n d e r in g is t a k e n f r o m V A . 12 0 8 w h ic h s a y s t h a t nillekha is c a lle d " a p r o j e c t i o n c u r v i n g a t t h e s id e , aviddhapakkhapasaka ; h a v i n g f ix e d t h e s id e p r o j e c t i o n s in t h e u p p e r r o u n d p a r t , uparim andale , o f t h e b e a m s , t h i s (i.e . nillekha ) is t h e n a m e o f t h e fin is h e d c o v e r i n g r o o f.* ' O n e m ig h t c o m p a re t h e ** c u r v e d h o u s e ,,J addhayoga, o f V in . i. 58 a n d o t h e r p a s s a g e s . See B .D . i v . 7 5 . 2 vippavasati ; s e e N is s a g . I I . 3 S e e N is s a g . X V , V in . iii. 2 3 2 w h e r e nisldana is d e fin e d , a n d B .D . ii. 8 7 , n . 2, 3* _ . 4 kavdte pancangulikam datum S e e a r t : pancangulika in P .K .D . I t is e it h e r a m a g i c a l a n d p r o t e c t i v e o r a d e c o r a t i v e m a r k . A t th e p resen t d a y im p r e s s io n s o f t h e h u m a n h a n d a r e s t i ll m a d e o n w a lls in I n d i a , t h e h a n d h a v i n g b e e n f ir s t d ip p e d in s o m e c o l o u r i n g m a t t e r . S e e a ls o J . P . T . S . 18 8 4 , p . 84 f. Pancangulikam datva o c c u r s a t J d . i. 1 6 6 in c o n n e c t i o n w i t h s la y i n g a g o a t ; a t J d . i. 1 9 2 (gandhena p a n e - datva) o f a n o x ; a t J d . ii. 10 4 , iii. 2 3 o f a t r e e , a n d a ls o a s lohitapanc - o f a t r e e a t J d . i ii . 16 0 . h namataka , a s a t V in . ii. 1 1 5 , 1 3 4 . VA. 1 2 0 8 on i t s m e a n i n g a b o v e s a y s t h a t i t is m a d e o f s h e e p 's w o o l (o r g o a t s ' h a ir , elakaloma ).

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to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : 1 a llo w , m o n k s, a p ie c e of f e lt ." T h e n it o c c u rre d t o m o n k s : N o w , sh o u ld a p iece o f fe lt b e a llo tte d o r sh o u ld it b e a ssig n e d ? " x A piece o f fe lt, m o n k s, sh o u ld be n e ith e r a llo tte d n o r a s s ig n e d ." N o w a t t h a t tim e th e g ro u p o f s ix m o n k s a te (lea n in g again st) c h a se d c u sh io n s .2 P e o p le . . . sp re a d it a b o u t, s a y in g : ' L ik e h o u seh o ld ers w h o e n jo y p lea su res o f th e se n s e s ." T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : " M o n k s, y o u sh o u ld n o t e a t (lean in g a g ain st) c h a se d cu sh io n s. W h o e v e r sh o u ld (so) e a t th e re is an o ffen ce [123] o f w ro n g -d o in g . N o w a t t h a t tim e a c e rta in m o n k c a m e to b e ill. W h ile he w a s e a tin g h e w a s n o t a b le to h o ld a b o w l in his h a n d . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e s a id : I a llo w , m o n k s a s ta n d . 3 |j 1 || N o w a t th a t tim e th e g ro u p o f s ix m o n k s a te fro m one d is h 6 a n d d ra n k fro m one b e a k e r 4 a i d sh a re d one c o u c h 5 a n d sh a red one c lo t h 5 a n d sh a re d one c o v e r in g 5 a n d sh a red one c o v e rin g c lo th . 0 P e o p le . . . sp re a d it a b o u t, s a y in g : L ik e h o u se h o ld ers w h o e n jo y p le a su re s o f th e se n ses. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : M o n k s, y o u sh o u ld n o t e a t fro m one d ish n o r d rin k fro m one b e a k e r n or sh are one co u ch n or sh a re one c lo th n o r sh are one c o v e r in g n o r sh a re one c o v e rin g -c lo th . W h o e v e r sh o u ld sh a re (one), th e re is a n o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g . || 2 || 1 9 || N o w a t th a t tim e th e L ic c h a v i V a d d h a w a s a frie n d o f th e m o n k s w h o w ere fo llo w e rs o f M e ttiy a a n d B h u m m a ja k a .7 T h e n th e L ic c h a v i V a d d h a a p p ro a c h e d th e m o n k s w h o w ere fo llo w ers o f M e ttiy a a n d B h u m m a ja k a ; h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d , he sp o k e th u s to th e m o n k s w h o w ere fo llo w e rs o f M e ttiy a a n d B h u m m a ja k a : < f I sa lu te y o u , m a s te r s ." W h e n h e h a d sp o k en th u s, th e m o n k s w h o w ere fo llo w ers o f M e ttiy a a n d B h u m m a ja k a d id n o t resp o n d . A n d a seco n d tim e. . . , A n d a th ird
1 N o t in c lu d e d a m o n g t h e a r t i c l e s a b o u t w h ic h t h e s a m e q u e s t io n w a s a s k e d a t V in . i. 2 9 6 - 7 . a asittakupadhdna. V A . 12 0 8 s a y s t h a t a s y n o n y m f o r t h i s is a peld ( b a s k e t , c h e s t ?) m a d e o f c o p p e r o r s i l v e r / 9 malorika, V A . 12 0 8 e x p la in s a s a p r o p ( m a d e o f) s t ic k s , daipifddhd aka . 4 A s l a x m o n k s d id a t V in . ii, 10 , iii. 18 0 . 6 A s t h e l a x m o n k s a n d a s t w o n u n s d id a t V in . i v . 288 (see B . D . iii. 304). 4 A s t h e l a x m o n k s a n d a s t h e t w o n u n s a t V in . i v . 2 8 9 (se e B . D . iii. 30 5 n .) . 7 C f . Vin . ii. 78 f ., iii. 1 6 2 .

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tim e d id th e L ic c h a v i V a d d h a s p e a k th u s to th e m o n k s w h o w ere fo llo w e rs o f M e ttiy a a n d B h u m m a ja k a : " I sa lu te y o u , m a ste rs.'* A n d a th ir d tim e th e m o n k s w h o w e re fo llo w e rs o f M e ttiy a a n d B h u m m a ja k a d id n o t resp o n d . H e s a id : " D o I o ffe n d a g a in s t th e m a ste rs ? W h y d o th e m a ste rs n o t resp o n d to m e ? " " I t is b e c a u s e y o u , frie n d V a d d h a , w ere in d iffe re n t w h e n w e w e re b e in g m o le ste d b y D a b b a th e M a llia n ." " W h a t c a n I , m a ste rs, d o ? " " I f y o u , frie n d V a d d h a , w ere w illin g y o u c o u ld g e t th e L o r d to e x p e l th e v e n e r a b le 1 D a b b a th e M a llia n th is v e r y d a y ." W h a t c a n I, m a ste rs, d o ? H o w a m I a b le to d o t h a t ? " " C o m e y o u , frie n d V a d d h a , g o u p to th e L o r d ; h a v in g g o n e u p , s p e a k th u s to th e L o r d : ' T h is , L o rd , is n o t s u ita b le , it is n o t b e c o m in g t h a t th is q u a r te r w h ic h sh o u ld b e w ith o u t fe a r, secu re, w ith o u t d a n g e r, is th e v e r y q u a r te r w h ic h is fu ll o f fe a r, in se c u re , fu ll o f d a n g e r. W h e re th e re w a s a c a lm , n o w th e re is a g a le . I t se e m s a s if th e v e r y w a t e r is b la z in g . M y w ife h a s b e e n se d u c e d b y m a ste r D a b b a th e M a llia n / " || 1 || " V e r y w e ll, m a s te r s ," a n d th e L ic c h a v i V a d d h a , h a v in g a n sw e re d th e m o n k s w h o w e re fo llo w e rs o f M e ttiy a a n d B h u m m a ja k a in a ss e n t, a p p ro a c h e d th e L o r d ; h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d , h a v in g g r e e te d th e L o r d , h e s a t d o w n a t a re s p e c tfu l d is ta n c e . A s h e w a s s ittin g d o w n a t a r e s p e c tfu l d is ta n c e [124], th e L ic c h a v i V a c jd h a s p o k e th u s to th e L o r d : T h is, L o r d , is n o t s u ita b le . . . . M y w ife h a s b e e n se d u c e d b y m a ste r D a b b a th e M a llia n . T h e n th e L o r d o n th is o c ca sio n , in th is c o n n e c tio n , h a v in g h a d th e O rd e r o f m o n k s c o n v e n e d , q u e stio n e d th e v e n e r a b le D a b b a th e M a llia n , s a y i n g : " D a b b a , d o y o u re m em b er d o in g a s th is V a d d h a s a y s ? " " L o r d , th e L o r d k n o w s in re g a r d t o m e ." A n d a seco n d tim e th e L o r d . . . . A n d a th ir d tim e th e L o r d s p o k e th u s to th e v e n e r a b le D a b b a th e M a llia n : D a b b a , d o y o u re m e m b e r d o in g a s th is V a d d h a s a y s ? " " L o r d , th e L o r d k n o w s in re g a rd to m e , h e sa id . " D a b b a , th e D a b b a s d o n o t g iv e e v a s iv e a n sw e rs th u s.
1 H e is n o t c a l l e d a y a sm a b y t h e m o n k s a t t h e p a r a ll e l p a s s a g e a t V i n . iii. 1 6 2 , b u t h e is a t V i n . ii. 78 .

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I f w h a t w a s d o n e w a s d o n e b y y o u , s a y so ; if it w a s n o t done b y y o u , s a y it w a s n o t . L o rd , sin ce I w a s b o m I c a n n o t c a ll to m in d in d u lg in g in s e x u a l in terco u rse e v e n in a d rea m ; m u ch less so w h en I w a s a w a k e . || 2 || T h e n th e L o r d a d d re sse d th e m o n k s, s a y in g : " B e c a u s e o f th is, m o n k s, le t th e O rd e r tu rn th e L ic c h a v i V a d d h a 's b o w l u p sid e d o w n ,1 le t it im p o se n o n -e a tin g w ith th e O rd e r .2 M on ks, i f a la y fo llo w e r is p o ssessed o f e ig h t q u a litie s h is b o w l m a y b e tu rn e d u p sid e d o w n ;3 if h e trie s fo r n o n -re ce iv in g (of gains) b y m o n k s, if h e tries fo r n o n -p ro fitin g b y m o n k s, if he tries fo r n o n -resid en ce fo r m o n k s, i f he re v ile s a n d a b u ses m o n k s, if h e ca u se s m o n k to b r e a k w ith m o n k ,4 if h e sp e a k s d isp ra ise o f th e A w a k e n e d O n e , if h e sp e a k s d isp ra ise o f dham m a , if h e s p e a k s d isp ra ise o f th e O rd er. I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to tu rn a la y fo llo w e r s b o w l u p sid e d o w n if he is p o ssessed o f th ese e ig h t q u a litie s. || 3 | | A n d th u s, m o n k s, sh o u ld it b e tu rn e d u p sid e d o w n : T h e O rd er sh o u ld b e in fo rm e d b y a n e x p e rie n c e d , c o m p e te n t m o n k , s a y i n g : H o n o u re d sirs, le t th e O rd e r liste n to m e. T h e L ic c h a v i V a d d h a is d e fa m in g th e v e n e ra b le D a b b a th e M allian w ith an u n fo u n d e d c h a rg e o f fa llin g a w a y fro m m o ra l h a b it .5 I f it seem s r ig h t to th e O rd er, th e O rd e r m a y tu rn th e L ic c h a v i V a d d h a 's b o w l u p sid e d o w n , it m a y im p o se n o n -e a tin g w ith th e
1 aSrot a li t e r a l t u r n i n g u p s id e d o w n , b u t a s y m b o l i c a l o n e p e r fo r m e d b y a f o r m a l a c t o f t h e O r d e r f o r t u r n i n g d o w n , n i k k u jja n ji , a b o w l, a s d e s c r ib e d b e lo w in || 4 |j. V A . 12 0 9 s a y s h e r e , if a p e r s o n is p o s s e s s e d o f a n y o n e o f t h e s e e ig h t q u a l it i e s , h a v i n g g o n e w i t h i n t h e b o u n d a r ie s o r o u t s id e t h e m ( th e O r d e r ) m a y t u r n i t d o w n . W h e n a n y o n e 's b o w l is t u r n e d u p s id e d o w n t h u s , n o a lm s m a y b e t a k e n in h i s h o u s e . . . . I t is s e t u p r i g h t ( a g a in ) b y a fo r m a l a c t c o n s is t i n g o f a m o t io n a n d a r e s o lu t io n , n a ttid u tiy a k a m m a .** A A . i v . 1 5 9 e x p la in s , ( t h e O r d e r ) m a y t u r n i t u p s id e d o w n b y a p r o c la m a t io n , k a m m a v aca f o r t u r n in g a b o w l u p s id e d o w n , o n a c c o u n t o f w h ic h t h e r e is n o r e c e iv in g o f a lm s g i v e n n o t b y p l a c i n g i t f a c e d o w n w a r d s / * T h e p h rase p a tta m n i k k u jj a t i a l t h o u g h u s e d in t h e o r d i n a r y s ig n if ic a t io n a b o v e , V . 9. 4 ( V i n , T e x ts iii. 1 1 9 , n . 2) is n o t h e r e . A la y m a n c e r t a i n l y w o u ld h a v e h a d n o b e g g in g b o w l t h a t c o u ld h a v e b e e n , l i t e r a l l y , t u r n e d u p s id e d o w n . 2 asatnbhog am sa m g h e n a k a ro tu . S e e a b o v e , C V . I . 25. 1 w h e r e n o n - e a t in g w it h a n O r d e r g o e s w i t h a n d is a m a r k o f a n a c t o f s u s p e n s io n . 3 T h is p a s s a g e r e c u r s a t A . i v . ^4S. T h e f i r s t f iv e q u a l it i e s a r e a ls o f o u n d a t V in . i. 84, ii. 1 8 . . 4 A t V i n . ii. 18 a f o r m a l a c t o f r e c o n c ilia t io n m a y b e c a r r ie d o u t f o r a m o n k if h e h a s t h e f ir s t f iv e o f t h e s e q u a lit ie s in r e s p e c t o f h o u s e h o ld e r s ; a n d i t m a y b e t o o i f h e h a s s p o k e n d is p r a is e o f t h e a w a k e n e d o n e , e t c . , t o h o u s e h o ld e r s . 6 A s a t V i n . ii. 7 9 , w h e r e a v e r d i c t o f in n o c e n c e " is g i v e n fo r D a b b a .

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O rd er. T h is is th e m o tio n . H o n o u re d sirs, le t th e O rd e r liste n to m e. T h e L ic c h a v i V a d d h a is d e fa m in g . . . o f fa llin g a w a y fro m m o ra l h a b it. T h e O rd e r is tu rn in g th e L ic c h a v i V a d d h a s b o w l u p sid e d o w n , it is im p o sin g n o n -e a tin g w ith a n O rd er. I f th e tu rn in g u p s id e d o w n o f-th e L ic c h a v i V a d d h a 's b o w l a n d th e im p o sin g o f n o n -e a tin g w ith th e O rd e r is p le a sin g to th e v e n e ra b le ones t h e y sh o u ld b e sile n t ; h e t o w h o m it is n o t p le a sin g , sh o u ld sp e a k . T h e L ic c h a v i V a d d h a *s b o w l is tu rn e d u p sid e d o w n b y th e O rd e r (a n d th e re is to be) n o n -e a tin g w ith th e O rd er. I t is p le a s in g t o th e O rd e r ; th e re fo re it is sile n t. T h u s d o I u n d e rsta n d th is / | J 4 || T h e n th e v e n e ra b le A n a n d a , h a v in g d ressed in th e m o rn in g , t a k in g h is b o w l a n d ro b e, w e n t u p to th e L ic c h a v i V a d d h a s d w e lli n g ; h a v in g g o n e u p , h e s p o k e th u s to th e L ic c h a v i Va<^lha : " Y o u r b o w l, fr ie n d V a d d h a , is tu rn e d u p sid e d o w n b y a n O rd e r, y o u are n o n -e a tin g w ith th e O r d e r ." [125] T h e n th e L ic c h a v i V a d d h a , th in k in g : " I t is sa id th a t m y b o w l is tu r n e d u p sid e d o w n b y a n O rd er, it is sa id t h a t I a m n o n e a tin g w ith th e O r d e r , fa in te d a n d fe ll on t h a t v e r y sp o t. T h e n th e L ic c h a v i V a d d h a s frie n d s a n d in tim a te s , h is k ith a n d k in 1 sp o k e th u s t o th e L ic c h a v i V a d d h a ; " E n o u g h , V a d d h a , d o n o t g r ie v e , d o n o t la m e n t, w e w ill re c o n c ile 2 th e L o r d a n d th e O rd e r o f m o n k s ." T h e n th e L ic c h a v i V a d d h a w ith h is w ife a n d c h ild re n , w ith h is frien d s a n d in tim a te s , w ith h is k it h a n d k in , h is c lo th e s w e t, h is h a ir w e t a p p ro a c h e d th e L o r d ; h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d , h e sp o k e th u s to th e L o r d : " L o r d , a tra n sg re ssio n h a s o v e rc o m e m e ,3 in t h a t I , fo o lish , m isg u id e d , w ro n g t h a t I w a s, d e fa m e d m a s te r D a b b a th e M a llia n w ith a n u n fo u n d e d c h a rg e o f fa llin g a w a y fro m m o ra l h a b it. F o r th is, L o r d , le t th e L o r d a c k n o w le d g e m y tr a n s g re ssio n a s a tra n sg re ss io n fo r th e s a k e o f re s tra in t in th e fu t u r e ." " T r u ly a tra n sg re ssio n o v e r c a m e y o u , fr ie n d V a d d h a , in t h a t y o u , fo o lish , m isg u id e d , w ro n g t h a t y o u w ere, d e fa m e d D a b b a th e M a llia n w ith a n u n fo u n d e d c h a rg e o f fa llin g a w a y
1 C f . A . i. 222. * A s n o t e d a t V i n . T e x t s iii. 1 2 2 , n . 1 t h i s s a m e v e r b is u s e d in C V . I . 22. 3 w h e n a m o n k h a s o ffe n d e d a g a i n s t a l a y m a n .

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from m o ra l h a b it. B u t if y o u , frien d V a d d h a , h a v in g seen th e tra n sg ressio n as a tra n sg re ssio n , co n fe ss a c co rd in g to th e rule, w e 1 a c k n o w le d g e it fo r y o u . F o r , frie n d V a d d h a , in th e d isci pline of th e n o b le , th is is g ro w th : w h o e v e r h a v in g seen a tran sgressio n as a tra n sg re ssio n , con fesses it a c co rd in g to th e rule, h e a tta in s re stra in t in th e fu tu r e . || 5 || T h e n th e L o rd a d d ressed th e m o n k s, s a y in g : " W e ll, n o w m on ks, le t th e O rd er set u p r ig h t th e L ic c h a v i V a d d h a J s b o w l, le t it g ra n t e a tin g w ith th e O rd er. M o n k s, if a la y fo llo w e r is possessed o f e ig h t q u a litie s his b o w l m a y b e se t u p rig h t : if he does n o t t r y fo r n o n -re c e iv in g (of gains) b y m o n k s, if he d oes n o t t r y fo r n o n -p ro fitin g b y m o n k s, if he does n o t t r y fo r n on -residen ce fo r m o n k s, if h e d o es n o t re v ile a n d a b u se m o n ks, if he does n o t ca u se m o n k to b r e a k w ith m o n k , if he d o es n o t sp e a k d isp ra ise o f th e A w a k e n e d O n e , if he d o es n o t s p e a k d is p raise o f dham m a , if h e d o es n o t sp e a k d isp ra ise o f th e O rd er. I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to se t u p rig h t a la y fo llo w e r 's b o w l if h e is p ossessed o f th ese e ig h t q u a litie s. |j 6 || ff A n d th u s, m o n k s, sh o u ld it b e s e t u p rig h t : M on ks, th a t L ic c h a v i V a d d h a , h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d th e O rd er, h a v in g a rra n g e d h is u p p e r ro b e o v e r one sh o u ld er, h a v in g h o n o u red th e m o n k s fe e t, h a v in g s a t d o w n on h is h a u n ch es, h a v in g sa lu te d th e m w ith jo in e d p a lm s, sh o u ld s p e a k th u s to th e m : ' H o n o u red sirs, m y b o w l w a s tu rn e d u p sid e d o w n b y th e O rd er, I a m n o t e a tin g w ith th e O rd er. B u t I, h o n o u re d sirs, a m c o n d u c tin g m y s e lf p ro p e rly , I a m su b d u e d , I a m m e n d in g m y w a y s, a n d I a sk th e O rd e r fo r th e s e ttin g u p rig h t o f th e b o w l.' A n d a seco n d tim e it sh o u ld be a sk e d fo r. A n d a th ird tim e it sh o u ld b e a s k e d fo r. T h e O rd e r sh o u ld b e in fo rm ed b y a n e x p e rie n ced , c o m p e te n t m o n k , s a y in g : [126] ' H o n o u red sirs, le t th e O rd e r lis te n to m e. T h e L ic c h a v i V a d ^ h a s b o w l w a s tu rn e d u p sid e d o w n b y th e O rd er, he is n o t e a tin g w ith th e O rd e r ; b u t he is c o n d u c tin g h im self p ro p e rly , he is su b d u e d , he is m e n d in g h is w a y ? ; he a sk s th e O rd er fo r th e se ttin g u p rig h t of th e b o w l. I f i t seem s r ig h t to th e
1 I n p a r a lle l p a s s a g e s t h e fir s t p e r s o n p lu r a l is lik e w is e u s e d h e r e , p e r h a p s t o e m p h a s is e t h a t ** c o n fe s s io n a c c o r d in g t o t h e r u le " is t o b e m a d e t o m o n k s a n d they a c k n o w le d g e i t a n d a r e t h e m e a n s b y w h ic h a t r a n s g r e s s io n c a n b e re m o ve d . A t t h e s a m e t im e , s in c e G o t a m a s e ld o m , a s r e c o r d e d , a d d r e s s e d la y p e o p le a s a v u s o , fr ie n d , i t is d o u b t f u l w h e t h e r h e is o r is in t e n d e d t o b e s p e a k in g h e r e a t a ll.

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O rd er, th e O rd e r m a y se t u p rig h t th e L ic c h a v i V a d d h a 's b o w l, it m a y g r a n t e a tin g w ith th e O rd er. T h is is th e m o tio n . H o n o u re d sirs, le t th e O rd e r lis te n to m e . T h e L ic c h a v i V a d d h a 's b o w l w a s tu rn e d u p sid e d o w n . . . h e a sk s th e O rd e r fo r s e ttin g u p r ig h t th e b o w l. T h e O rd e r is s e ttin g u p r ig h t th e L ic c h a v i V a d d h a 's b o w l, it is g r a n tin g e a tin g w ith th e O rd er. I f th e s e ttin g u p r ig h t o f th e L ic c h a v i V a d d h a s b o w l a n d th e g r a n tin g o f e a t in g w ith th e O rd e r is p le a s in g to th e v e n e ra b le o n es, t h e y sh o u ld be sile n t ; he to w h o m it is n o t p le a s in g sh o u ld s p e a k . T h e L ic c h a v i V a d d h a s b o w l is set u p r ig h t b y th e O rd e r (and th e re is) e a tin g w ith th e O rd er. I t is p le a s in g to th e O rd e r ; th e re fo re it is sile n t. T h u s d o I u n d e rsta n d t h is . '' || 7 |] 20 || T h e n th e L o r d , h a v in g s t a y e d in V e s a li fo r a s lo n g as he fo u n d su itin g , set o u t on to u r fo r th e B h a g g a s .1 I n d u e co u rse, w a lk in g o n to u r, th e L o r d a r r iv e d a t th e B h a g g a s . T h e L o rd s ta y e d th e re a m o n g th e B h a g g a s on S u m s u m a ra H ill 2 in th e B h e s a k a la G r o v e in th e d e e r p a r k . N o w a t t h a t tim e K o k a n a d a 3 w a s th e n a m e o f P rin c e B o d h i's 4 p a la c e ; it h a d n o t lo n g b e en b u ilt a n d w a s a s y e t u n in h a b ite d b y re clu se o r b ra h m in o r b y a n y h u m a n c re a tu re . 'T h e n P rin c e B o d h i a d d re sse d th e b ra h m in y o u th , th e so n o f S a n jik a , 6 s a y in g : C o m e a lo n g , g o o d son o f S a n jik a , g o u p to th e L o r d ; h a v in g g o n e u p , in m y n a m e s a lu te th e L o r d 's fe e t w ith y o u r h e a d , a s k w h e th e r h e is w e ll, n o t in d isp o se d , o f b o d ily v ig o u r , stro n g , a b id in g in c o m fo rt, a n d s a y : L o r d , P rin c e B o d h i s a lu te s th e L o r d 's fe e t w ith h is h e a d a n d a s k s w h e th e r h e is w e ll . . . a b id in g in c o m fo r t/ a n d s a y s th is : * L o r d , m a y th e L o r d co n se n t to a m e a l w ith P rin c e B o d h i to m o r r o w to g e th e r w ith th e O rd er o f m o n k s .' "
1 y e n a B h a g g d . S e e M . ii. 9 1 w h e r e t h i s s t o r y a ls o a p p e a r s , g o i n g a s f a r a s p . 1 7 8 b e lo w , *4 a s h e w a s s it tiD g a t a r e s p e c t f u l d i s t a n c e / ' w h e r e t h e M . v e r s io n p r o c e e d s d i f f e r e n t ly . S e e a ls o 5 . iii. i a n d B . C . L a iw , T r ib e s in A n c i e n t I n d i a , 1 9 4 3 , p . 2 92 f . * S A . ii. 2 4 9 s a y s t h a t i t w a s c a lle d C r o c o d ile H i l l b e c a u s e a s i t w a s b e in g b u i l t a c r o c o d il e m a d e a n o is e . T h e B h e s a k a l a G r o v e w a s c a ll e d a f t e r a y a h k h in i w h o liv e d th e r e . 3 L o tu s. S e e B . D . iii. 1 3 9 , n . a n d M A iii. 3 2 1 . 4 D h p . 1 5 7 i s s a id t o h a v e b e e n u t t e r e d o n h is a c c o u n t , s e e D k A . iii. 13 4 . B S a n jik a p u tta . S e e D h A . iii. 1 3 4 , w h e r e h e w a r n e d t h e a r c h i t e c t t h a t B o d h i c o n t e m p la t e d k i l l i n g o r m a im in g h i m s o t h a t h e c o u ld n e v e r b u ild a n o th e r p a la c e lik e K o k a n a d a .

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V e r y w e ll, g o o d s ir / ' a n d th e b ra h m in y o u th , S a n jik a s son, h a v in g a n sw e re d P rin ce B o d h i in a ssen t, a p p ro a c h e d th e L o rd ; h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d , h a v in g e x c h a n g e d g re e tin g s w ith th e L o rd , h a v in g c o n v e rse d in a c o u rte o u s a n d fr ie n d ly w a y , sa t d o w n a t a re sp e c tfu l d ista n c e . A s h e w a s s ittin g d o w n a t a resp ectfu l d is ta n c e th e b ra h m in y o u th , th e so n o f S a n jik a , sp oke th u s to th e L o rd : P rin c e B o d h i sa lu te s th e re v e red G o ta m a s fe e t w ith h is h e a d . . . a n d s a y s m a y th e re v e red G o ta m a co n sen t to a m e a l w ith P rin c e B o d h i to m o rro w to g e th e r w ith th e O rd er o f m o n k s . T h e L o r d c o n se n te d b y b e co m in g silent. |] 1 || T h e n th e b ra h m in y o u th , S a n jik a s so n , h a v in g u n d e rsto o d th e L o rd 's co n se n t, risin g fro m his se a t a p p ro a c h e d P rin ce B o d h i ; [12 7] h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d , he sp o k e th u s to P rin ce B o d h i : " I sp o k e , g o o d sir, in y o u r n a m e to th e L o rd G o ta m a , sa y in g : P rin c e B o d h i s a lu te s . . . to g e th e r w ith th e O rd er of m o n k s/ A n d th e reclu se G o ta m a c o n s e n te d . T h e n P rin ce B o d h i to w a rd s th e e n d o f t h a t n ig h t, h a v in g h a d su m p tu o u s fo o d s, so lid a n d so ft, p re p a re d , a n d h a v in g h a d K o k a n a d a p a la c e stre w n w ith w h ite c lo th s a s fa r as th e la s t fligh t o f s ta irs ,1 sp o k e th u s to th e b ra h m in y o u tfi, th e son o f S a n jik a : C o m e y o u a lo n g , g o o d fe llo w , a p p ro a c h th e L o rd ; h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d , a n n o u n ce th e tim e to th e L o r d , s a y in g : 4 I t is tim e, L o rd , th e m ea l is r e a d y .' V e r y w ell, g o o d s ir , a n d th e b ra h m in y o u th , S a n jik a 's son, h a v in g a n sw e re d P rin c e B o d h i in a ssen t, a p p ro a c h e d th e L o rd ; h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d , h e a n n o u n c e d th e tim e to th e L o rd , s a y in g : I t is tim e, g o o d G o ta m a , th e m e a l is r e a d y . T h e n the L o rd , h a v in g d ressed in th e m o rn in g , ta k in g h is b o w l an d robe, a p p ro a ch e d P rin c e B o d h is d w e llin g . N o w a t th e tim e w hen th e L o rd w a s c o m in g P rin c e B o d h i w a s sta n d in g a t th e porch o f th e o u tsid e g a te w a y . P rin c e B o d h i s a w th e L o rd co m in g in th e d ista n c e , a n d seein g h im , h a v in g gon e fro m th ere to m eet h im , h a v in g g re e te d th e L o r d , h a v in g h o n o u re d h im , he a p p ro a c h e d K o k a n a d a p a la c e . T h e n th e L o r d sto o d still a t th e la s t flig h t o f sta irs. T h e n P rin c e B o d h i sp ok e th u s to th e L o r d : L o rd , le t th e L o r d tre a d on 2 th e c lo th s, le t th e w ell-farer
1 C f . M . ii. 9 2 , iii. 1. 2 a k k a m a tu . M . ii. 92 r e a d s a b h ir iih a tu .

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tr e a d on th e c lo th s so th a t it m a y b e fo r a lo n g tim e fo r m y b le ssin g a n d h a p p in e s s . W h e n he h a d sp o k e n th u s the L o r d b e c a m e sile n t. A n d a se c o n d tim e . , . * A n d a th ird tim e P rin c e B o d h i s p o k e th u s to th e L o r d : L o rd , le t th e L o r d tr e a d on . . . fo r m y b le ss in g a n d h a p p in e s s . T h e n th e L o r d lo o k e d to w a rd s th e v e n e r a b le A n a n d a . T h e n th e v e n e ra b le A n a n d a s p o k e th u s to P rin c e B o d h i : L e t th e c lo th s , p rin c e , b e p a c k e d a w a y , th e L o r d w ill n ot tr e a d u p o n th e c lo th c a r p e tin g ,1 th e T ru th -fin d e r h a s c o m p a ss io n 2 fo r th e fo lk w h o co m e a f t e r . 3 || 2 | J T h e n P rin c e B o d h i, h a v in g h a d th e c lo th s p a c k e d a w a y , h a d a se a t m a d e r e a d y u p s ta irs in K o k a n a d a .4 T h e n th e L o rd h a v in g a sc e n d e d th e K o k a n a d a p a la c e , s a t d o w n to g e th e r w ith th e O rd e r o f m o n k s o n th e se a t m a d e r e a d y . T h e n P rin c e B o d h i, h a v in g w ith h is o w n h a n d s e r v e d a n d sa tisfie d w ith s u m p tu o u s fo o d s, so lid a n d s o ft, th e O rd e r o f m o n k s w ith th e A w a k e n e d O n e a t its h e a d , w h e n th e L o rd h a d e a te n a n d h a d w ith d r a w n h is h a n d fro m th e b o w l, sa t d o w n a t a re sp e c tfu l d is ta n c e . 5 T h e n th e L o r d , h a v in g g la d d e n e d , re jo ic e d , ro u sed , d e lig h te d P rin c e B o d h i a s he w a s s ittin g a t a re s p e c tfu l d ista n c e w ith t a lk o n dham m a , [128] risin g fro m h is s e a t, d e p a rte d . T h e n th e L o r d on th is o cca sio n , in th is co n n e ctio n , h a v in g g iv e n re a so n e d t a lk , a d d re sse d th e m o n k s, s a y in g : " M o n k s, y o u sh o u ld n o t tr e a d on a c lo th c a r p e tin g . 6 W h o e v e r sh o u ld tr e a d o n on e, th e re is a n o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g . || 3 || N o w a t t h a t tim e a c e rta in w o m a n w h o h a d h a d a m is c a rria g e , h a v in g in v ite d m o n k s , h a v in g h a d c lo th p re p a re d , sp o k e th u s : " R e v e r e d sirs, tr e a d o n th e c lo t h . T h e m o n k s, b e in g sc ru p u lo u s, d id n o t tr e a d on it. S h e s a id : " R e v e r e d
1 c e la p a ttik a . F o r a m o n k t o d o s o w a s a p p a r e n t l y a n a u s p i c e t h a t t h e h o u s e h o ld e r w o u ld h a v e a c h i ld . a a n u k a m p a ti , M . ii. 9 3 a p a lo k e ti, D h A . iii. 1 3 6 o lo k e ii. T h e le g e n d is t h a t G o t a m a k n e w t h a t B o d h i w o u ld h a v e n o c h i ld r e n b e c a u s e in a f o r m e r b i r t h , w h ile h e w a s l i v i n g o n a n is la n d , h e a t e a n d c o o k e d b i r d s ( M A . iii. 3 2 2 , D h A . iii. 1 3 7 ) . H e t h e r e f o r e w o u ld n o t b r i n g m o n k s in t o c o n t e m p t b y w a l k i n g o n t h e c l o t h s w h e n h e k n e w B o d h i w o u ld h a v e n o c h il d ( V A . 1 2 0 9 ). 9 p a c c h im a ja n a t a . S e e B . D . i. 6 6 , n . 1 f o r f u r t h e r r e f e r e n c e s . 4 M . ii. 9 3 r e a d s K o k a n a d e p d s d d e . * M . v e r s io n g o e s o n d i f f e r e n t ly f r o m h e r e . 8 Q u o t e d a t M A . iii. 3 2 3 . V A . 12 0 9 s a y s t h a t h e la id d o w n t h i s r u le in c a s e a m o n k s h o u ld t r e a d o n o n e n o t k n o w i n g w h e t h e r t h e h o u s e h o ld e r w o u ld h a v e a c h i l d o r n o t ; a n d t h a t h e d id i t t o s a f e g u a r d t h e m o n k s f i o m t h e h o u s e h o ld e r s ' c o n t e m p t s h o u ld t h e r e n o t b e a c h i ld a f t e r t h e y h a d t r o d d e n o n t h e c l o t h c a r p e t in g .

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sirs, tre a d on th e c lo th fo r g o o d lu c k 's s a k e / ' T h e m o n k s, b e in g scru p u lo u s, d id n o t tre a d on it. T h e n th a t w o m a n sp rea d it a b o u t, s a y in g : " H o w c a n th e se m a ste rs (alth o u gh ) b e in g a sk ed fo r g o o d lu c k s sa k e n o t tr e a d on th e c lo th c a rp e tin g ? " M onks h e a rd th is w o m a n w h o . . . sp re a d it a b o u t. T h e n these m o n k s to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : H o u se hold ers, m o n k s, lo o k o u t fo r lu c k y s ig n s .1 I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, w h en b e in g a sk e d b y h o u seh o ld ers fo r g o o d lu c k 's sa k e , to tre a d o n a c lo th c a r p e t in g .'* N o w a t t h a t tim e m o n k s w ere d o u b tfu l w h e th e r to tre a d on a sh e et fo r u s e a fte r fe e t h a d b e en w a s h e d .2 T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o r d . H e sa id : I a llo w y o u , m on k?, to tre a d on a sh eet fo r u se a fte r fe e t h a v e b een w a s h e d ." || 4 I] 21 |j T h e S e co n d P o r tio n fo r R e p e a tin g 3 T h e n th e L o rd h a v in g s ta y e d a m o n g th e B h a g g a s fo r a s lo n g a s he fo u n d su itin g se t o u t o n to u r fo r S a v a tth i. W a lk in g on to u r in d u e co u rse h e a r r iv e d a t S a v a tth i. T h e L o rd s ta y e d th ere a t S a v a t t h i in th e J e t a G r o v e in A n a th a p in d ik a 's m o n a s tery. T h e n V is a k h a , M ig a ra 's m o th e r, ta k in g a sm a ll ja r 4 a n d a (c la y foot-) sc ru b b e r 5 a n d a b ro o m , a p p ro a c h e d th e L o rd ; h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d , h a v in g g re e te d th e L o r d , she s a t d o w n a t a re sp e c tfu l d is ta n c e . A s sh e w a s s ittin g d o w n a t a re sp e c t ful d is ta n c e , V is a k h a , M ig a ra 's m o th e r, s p o k e th u s to th e L o r d : L o rd , m a y th e L o r d a c c e p t m y little ja r a n d (c la y foot-) sc ru b b e r a n d b ro o m so th a t it m a y b e fo r a lo n g tim e fo r m y b le ssin g a n d h a p p in e s s ." T h e L o r d a c c e p te d th e little ja r an d th e b r o o m ; th e L o r d d id n o t a c c e p t th e (c la y foot-) scru b b er. T h e n th e L o r d g la d d e n e d , re jo ic e d , rou sed , d e lig h te d V isa k h a , M ig a ra 's m o th e r, w ith t a lk on dham m a . T h e n
1 g i h l tn a n g a lik d , a s a t C V . V . 33. 3. S e e a ls o V A . o n M V . I . 2 . 2. Q u o t e d a t M A , iii. 3 2 3 . 2 d h o ta p a d a k a . V A . 1 2 0 9 s a y s 41 i t is a s h e e t s p r e a d o u t f o r t r e a d in g o n a f t e r t h e f e e t h a v e b e e n w a s h e d a t t h e p la c e f o r w a s h in g f e e t . " M onks w e r e a llo w e d t o t r e a d o n t h is , a n d e v i d e n t l y n o s y m b o li c m e a n in g w a s a t t a c h e d . * A s p o in t e d o u t a t V i n . T e x t s iii. 1 3 0 , n . 1 " t h e r e is n o m e n t io n in t h e t e x t o f w h e r e t h e f ir s t s u c h P o r t io n ends.** 4 g h a ta k a . 6 k a ta k a . T h is is o n e o f t h e t w o t h i n g s m a d e o f c l a y n o t a l lo w e d a t C V . V . 37. V A . 1 2 0 9 s a y s i t is m a d e , h a v i n g r a is e d u p p r o t u b e r a n c e s , fo r r u b b in g t h e f e e t ; i t m a y b e r o u n d o r f o u r - s id e d ; i t is f o r b id d e n a s a t h in g c o n n e c t e d w it h lu x u r y , i t m u s t n o t b e a c c e p t e d n o r m a d e u s e o f .

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V isa k h a , M ig a ra 's m o th e r, g la d d e n e d . . . d e lig h te d b y th e L o rd w ith ta lk on dham m a , risin g fro m h e r s e a t, h a v in g g re e te d th e L o rd , d e p a rte d k e e p in g h e r rig h t sid e to w a rd s h im . T h e n [129] th e L o rd on th is o cca sio n , in th is c o n n e c tio n , h a v in g g iv e n reaso n ed ta lk , a d d re sse d th e m o n k s, s a y in g : I a llo w , m o n ks, a little ja r a n d a b ro o m . M o n k s, y o u sh o u ld n o t m a k e use o f a (c la y foot-) sc ru b b e r. W h o e v e r sh o u ld m a k e use o f o n e, th e re is a n o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g . I a llo w , m o n k s, th re e (k in d s of) fo o t-ru b b e rs r1 a s to n e ,2 a p e b b le ,3 se a -sc u m . 4 || i || T h e n V is a k h a , M ig a ra 's m o th e r, ta k in g a f a n 5 a n d a p a lm y ra w h is k , 6 a p p ro a c h e d th e L o r d . . . (as in 22. i ) . . . . T h e L o rd a c c e p te d th e fan a n d th e p a lm y r a -w h is k . . . . T h e n th e L o rd on th is o cca sio n , in th is co n n e ctio n , h a v in g g iv e n re a so n ed ta lk , a d d ressed th e m o n k s, s a y in g : I a llo w , m o n k s, a fa n an d a p a lm y r a -w h is k ." || 2 || 22 || N o w a t t h a t tim e a m o s q u ito -fa n 7 a c cru e d to an O rd er. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o r d . H e sa id : I a llo w , m o n k s, a m o s q u ito -fa n / J A c h o w r y - fa n 8 a c c ru e d . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e s a id : M o n k s, a c h o w ry -fa n sh o u ld n o t b e u se d . W h o e v e r sh o u ld use one, th e re is an o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g . I a llo w , m o n k s, th re e (k in d s of) fa n s : m a d e o f b a rk , m a d e o f k h u s -k h u s ,9 m a d e o f p e a c o c k s ta il fe a th e rs . |[ i || N o w a t t h a t tim e a su n sh a d e 2 0 a c c ru e d to an O rd er. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r t o th e L o rd . H e sa id : I a llo w , m o n k s, a
1 padaghamsani. 1 s a k k h a ra . H e r e V A . 1 2 0 9 s a y s i t is c a l le d a s t o n e , p d s d n a . W o r d a ls o a t V i n . iii. 1 4 7 = J d . ii. 2 8 4 ; s e e B . D . i . 2 50 , n . 1 . 3 k a th a la . C f . s a k k h a r a k a th a la a t D . i . 8 4 , A . i. 9. * sam uddaphen aka. T h i s m a y b e t h e n a m e o f a b o n e ; c f. p h e n a k a a m o n g th e b o n e s * a t V is m . 2 5 4 , V b h A . 2 3 7 . V i n . T e x ts iii. 1 3 1 , n . 2 s a y s t h a t t h e w o r d d e s ig n a t e s " t h e b o n e s o f t h e c u t t le - f is h / * 6 v id h iip a n a . S e e B . D . iii. 2 5 3 , n . 3. 8 ta la v a n ta . V A . 1 2 1 0 s a y s t h i s is m a d e w i t h p a l m y r a p a l m le a v e s o r i t m ade w i t h b a m b o o , i v o r y a n d b a m b o o c h ip s , o r w i t h p eacocks' t a i l f e a t h e r s o r w i t h h id e s . C f . td la v a n ta k a a t C V . V . 29. 4. 7 m a k a s a v lja n i. V A . 1 2 1 0 s a y s i t is a l i t t l e s t i c k m a d e c f h o r n , m a d e iv o r y . I t is d if f ic u lt t o k n o w t h e d if i e r e n c e in t e n d e d b y t h e t w o w o r d s , v id h u p a n a a n d v i j a n l , b o t h h e r e t r a n s la t e d a s f a n . " A t V i n . i v . 26^ t h e fo r m e r is d e fin e d b y t h e la t t e r . 8 c a m a r a v lja n l. C a m a ra is a y a k . I t s b u s h y t a i l i s m a d e in t o a f a n o r w h is k t o d r i v e t h e flie s a w a y . * u s ir a ; s e e B . D . ii. 2 2 8 , n . 1 . 10 D e fin e d a t V i n . i v . 200, 33 8 .

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s u n s h a d e ." N o w a t th a t tim e th e g ro u p o f s ix m o n k s to u re d a b o u t h a v in g p u t u p th e ir su n sh a d es. N o w a t th a t tim e a c e rta in la y fo llo w e r w e n t to a p le a su re g r o v e 5 to g e th e r w ith se v e ra l d iscip les o f N a k e d A s c e tic s . T h e se d iscip les o f N a k e d A s c e tic s s a w th e g ro u p o f s ix m o n k s c o m in g in th e d ista n ce w ith th e ir su n sh ad es u p ; seein g th e m , th e y sp o k e th u s to th a t la y fo llo w e r : < f T h e se re v e re d sirs o f y o u rs, m a ste r, are co m in g a lo n g w ith th e ir su n sh a d es u p lik e a g ro u p o f c h ie f m in iste rs." T h e se , m a ste rs, a re n o t m o n k s, t h e y are w a n d e r e rs ." T h e y m a d e a b e t a s to w h e th e r th e y w ere m o n k s o r n o t. T h e n t h a t la y fo llo w e r, h a v in g re co g n ise d th e m a s t h e y ca m e u p , lo o k e d d o w n u p o n , c ritic ise d , sp re a d it a b o u t, s a y in g : H o w c a n th ese re v e re d sirs [130] to u r a b o u t w ith th e ir su n sh a d es u p ? " M o n k s h e a r d t h a t la y fo llo w e r w h o . . . sp rea d it a b o u t. T h e n th ese m o n k s to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : I s it tru e , a s is sa id , m o n k s, . . . ? " I t is tru e , L o r d ." H a v in g re b u k e d th e m , h a v in g g iv e n reaso n ed ta lk , he a d d re sse d th e m o n k s, s a y in g : M onks, a su n sh a d e sh o u ld n o t be u se d .2 W h o e v e r sh o u ld use on e, th e re is a n o ffen ce o f w r o n g -d o in g ." || 2 j| N o w a t th a t tim e a c e rta in m o n k c a m e to be ill3; th e re ca m e to be no c o m fo rt fo r h im w ith o u t a su n sh a d e . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e s a id : I a llo w , m o n k s, a su n sh a d e to o n e w h o is ill. N o w a t t h a t tim e m o n k s, th in k in g : A su n sh a d e is a llo w ed b y th e L o r d to one w h o is ill, b u t n o t to o n e w h o is n o t i ll, w e re d o u b tfu l w h e th e r to u se a su n sh a d e in th e m o n a s te r y a n d m o n a s te r y p r e c in c ts . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o r d . H e s a i d : I a llo w , m o n k s, a su n sh ad e to b e u sed in a m o n a s te r y a n d m o n a s te r y p re c in c ts b o th b y on e w h o is ill a n d b y o n e w h o is n o t i ll." || 3 j| 23 || N o w a t th a t tim e a c e rta in m o n k , h a v in g tie d u p his b o w l w ith s tr in g ,4 h a v in g h u n g it on his w a lk in g s ta ff , 5 p a sse d a t th e
1 D e fin e d a t V in . i v . 298. a N u n s a r e n o t a llo w e d t o u s e t h e m , V in . i v . 3 3 8 . C f . D . i. 7 w h e r e i t is s a id t h a t G o t a m a r e f r a in s f r o m u s in g t h e m , b u t s e e D i a l . i. 1 3 , n . 2 w h ic h m a in t a in s T h i s is n o t q u it e a c c u r a t e . " V A . 1 2 1 0 s a y s in a l l c a s e s a s u n s h a d e m a d e o f o n e le a f is m e a n t . 3 C f . V i n . i v . 3 3 7 - 8 (o f a n u n ) . 4 F o r s im ila r p h r a s e o lo g y c f . C V . V . 8. 1. 6 da ru fa is d e n n e d a t V tn . i v . 200.

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w ro n g tim e 1 through- a c e rta in v illa g e g a te w a y . P e o p le , s a y in g : " T h is, m a ste rs, is a th ie f w h o is c o m in g , his sw o rd is g le a m in g / 2 h a v in g fo llo w e d h im a n d se ize d h im , le t h im g o on re co g n isin g h im . T h e n th is m o n k , h a v in g g o n e b a c k to th e m o n a s te ry , to ld th is m a tte r to th e m o n k s. B u t d id y o u , y o u r re v e re n c e , c a r r y a w a lk in g s ta ff w ith strin g on it ? " Y e s , y o u r re v e r e n c e s ." T h o se w h o w e re m o d e st m o n k s . . . sp re a d it a b o u t, s a y in g : H o w c a n th is m o n k c a r r y a w a lk in g s ta ff w ith s trin g on it ? " T h e n th e se m o n k s to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : " Is it tru e , a s is sa id , m o n k s, ? " " I t is tru e , L o r d / ' H a v in g r e b u k e d th e m , h a v in g g iv e n re a so n ed ta lk , h e a d d re sse d th e m o n k s, s a y in g : " M on ks, a w a lk in g s ta ff w ith s tr in g on it sh o u ld n o t be c a rrie d . W h o e v e r sh o u ld c a r r y one, th e r e is an o ffe n ce of w ro n g -d o in g ." || i || N o w a t t h a t tim e a c e rta in m o n k c a m e to b e ill ; h e w a s n o t a b le to to u r a b o u t w ith o u t a w a lk in g sta ff. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : " I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to g iv e an a g re e m e n t a s to a w a lk in g sta ff to a m o n k w h o is ill. A n d th u s , m o n k s, sh o u ld it b e g iv e n : T h a t ill m o n k , h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d th e O rd e r, h a v in g a rra n g e d h is u p p er ro b e o v e r one sh o u ld er, h a v in g h o n o u re d th e fe e t o f th e sen io r m o n k s, h a v in g s a t d o w n on h is h a u n c h e s , h a v in g sa lu te d w ith jo in e d p a lm s, sh o u ld s p e a k th u s to it : ' I, h o n o u re d sirs, a m ill ; I a m n o t a b le to to u r a b o u t w ith o u t a w a lk in g sta ff, so I, h o n o u re d sirs, a s k th e O rd e r fo r th e a g re e m en t as to a w a lk in g s ta ff/ A n d a se c o n d tim e it sh o u ld b e a sk e d fo r. A n d a th ir d tim e it sh o u ld b e a s k e d fo r. T h e O rd e r sh o u ld be in fo rm ed b y a n e x p e rie n c e d , c o m p e te n t m o n k , s a y in g : [13 1] ' H o n o u re d sirs, le t th e O rd e r lis te n to m e. T h is m o n k S o -a n d -so is ill ; h e is n o t a b le to to u r a b o u t w ith o u t a w a lk in g s ta ff ; he a sk s th e O rd e r fo r th e a g re e m e n t a s to a w a lk in g sta ff. I f it seem s r ig h t to th e O rd e r, th e O rd e r m a y g iv e th e a g ree m e n t as to a w a lk in g s ta ff t o th e m o n k S o -a n d -so . T h is is th e m o tio n . H o n o u re d sirs, le t th e O rd e r liste n to m e.

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T h is m o n k . . . as to a w a lk in g sta ff. T h e O rd er is g iv in g th e m o n k S o -a n d -so th e a g re e m e n t as to a w a lk in g sta ff. I f th e g iv in g to th e m o n k S o -a n d -so o f th e a g re e m e n t as to a w a lk in g sta ff is p le a sin g to th e v e n e ra b le ones, t h e y sh o u ld be sile n t ; he to w h o m it is n o t p le a sin g sh o u ld sp e a k . T h e a g ree m e n t as to a w a lk in g s ta ff is g iv e n b y th e O rd e r to th e m o n k S o -a n d -so . I t is p le a sin g to th e O rd e r ; th e re fo re it is sile n t. T h u s d o I u n d e rsta n d th is .' '' || 2 || N o w a t th a t tim e a c e rta in m o n k ca m e to b e ill ; h e w as n o t a b le to c a r r y h is b o w l a b o u t w ith o u t strin g . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to g iv e an ill m o n k th e a g re e m e n t as to strin g . A n d th u s, m o n k s, sh o u ld it be g iv e n . T h a t ill m o n k . . . (as in || 2 ||. In stea d o f to to u r a b o u t w ith o u t a w a lk in g s ta ff, e tc ., read to c a r r y h is b o w l a b o u t w ith o u t strin g , etc.) . . . T h u s d o I u n d e rsta n d th is / N o w a t th a t tim e a c e rta in m o n k c a m e to b e i l l ; h e w as n ot a b le to to u r a b o u t w ith o u t a w a lk in g s ta ff n o r w a s h e a b le to c a r r y h is b o w l a b o u t w ith o u t strin g . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : " I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, t o g iv e a n ill m o n k th e a g re e m e n t as to a w a lk in g s ta ff a n d strin g . A n d th u s , m o n k s, sh o u ld it be g iv e n : T h a t ill m o n k . . . (as in ]| 2 ||. R ead : I a m n o t a b le to to u r a b o u t w ith o u t a w a lk in g sta ff n o r a m I a b le to c a r r y m y b o w l a b o u t w ith o u t s trin g , etc.) ' . . . T h u s d o 1 u n d e r s ta n d th is / || 3 || 24 || N o w a t th a t tim e a c e rta in m o n k w a s a ru m in a to r1; he a te ru m in a tin g c o n tin u a lly . M o n k s . . . sp re a d it a b o u t, s a y in g : T h is m o n k is p a r ta k in g of a m e a l a t th e w ro n g tim e / ' 2 T h e n th ese m o n k s to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : " M o n k s, th is m o n k h a s r e c e n tly p a sse d o n fro m th e w o m b o f a co w . I a llo w , m o n k s, ru m in a tio n fo r a ru m in a to r. B u t, m o n k s, one sh o u ld n o t e a t (a n y th in g ), h a v in g b ro u g h t it b a c k fro m th e m o u th 3 to o u tsid e o f it. W h o e v e r sh o u ld (so) e a t sh o u ld b e d e a lt w ith a c c o rd in g to th e ru le .4/ ' j| 25 ||
1 * 3 4 ro m a n th a k a . S e e P a c . 3 7. m ukh advara as a t P a c . X L a n d S e k h iy a 4 1. I . e . a c c o r d in g t o P a c . 3 7 o r 38.

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N o w a t th a t tim e a c e rta in g u ild h a d fo o d fo r an O rd e r ; m a n y h ea p s o f b o ile d rice w e re a llo w e d to fa ll in a re fe c to ry . P e o p le . . . sp rea d it a b o u t, s a y i n g : " H o w ca n th ese recluses, so n s o f th e S a k y a n s , on b e in g g iv e n b o ile d rice, n o t a c ce p t it c a r e fu lly P1 E a c h o n e o f th e se h e a p s o f b o iled rice is th e re su lt o f a h u n d re d fo ld la b o u r , M o n k s [132] h e a rd th ese p eo p le . . . w h o sp re a d it a b o u t. T h e n th e s e m o n k s to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e s a id : *' I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, if a n y th in g fa lls th a t i? b e in g g iv e n to y o u ,2 to m a k e use o f it h a v in g p ic k e d it u p y o u r s e lv e s , fo r it is le ft b e h in d (for y o u ), m o n k s, b y b e n e fa c to r s / ' || 2 6 || N o w a t th a t tim e a c e rta in m o n k w a lk e d fo r a lm s fo o d w ith lo n g (finger-) n a ils .3 A c e rta in w o m a n , h a v in g seen h im , sp o k e th u s to t h a t m o n k : " C o m e , h o n o u re d sir, in d u lg e in s e x u a l in te rc o u rse / ' " N o , sister, th a t is n o t a llo w a b le / ' " I f y o u do n o t, h o n o u re d sir, I w ill n o w , h a v in g s c ra tc h e d m y lim b s w ith m y ow n n ails, m a k e a ro w ,4 s a y in g , T h is m o n k h a s m a ltre a te d m e / ' Y o u , sister, u n d e rsta n d t h a t / ' T h e n t h a t w o m a n , h a v in g sc ra tc h e d h er lim b s w ith h e r o w n n a ils, m a d e a ro w , s a y in g , " T h is m o n k h a s m a ltr e a te d m e / ' P e o p le , h a v in g ru n u p , to o k h o ld o f th a t m o n k . B u t th e se p e o p le s a w s k in a n d b lo o d on th a t w o m a n s n a ils ; s e e ir g th is, t h e y sa id : " T h is is th e w o rk o f th is w o m a n h e rse lf, th e m o n k is in n o c e n t," a n d t h e y le t g o o f th a t m o n k . T h e n th a t m o n k , h a v in g g o n e b a c k to th e m o n a ste ry , to ld th is m a tte r to th e m o n k s. T h e y sa id : B u t d o y o u , y o u r re v e re n c e , w e a r lo n g n a ils ? " " Y e s , y o u r r e v e re n c e s ." T h o s e w h o w e re m o d e st m o n k s . . . sp rea d it a b o u t, s a y in g : " H o w c a n th is m o n k w e a r lo n g n ails ? " T h e n th e se m o n k s to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : M onks, lo n g n a ils sh o u ld n o t b e w o r n .5 W h o e v e r sh o u ld w ea r th e m , th e re is an o ffen ce o f w r o n g -d o in g ." || 1 ||
sakkaccam, d u ly , p r o p e r ly , c a r e f u l l y , r e s p e c t f u l l y . a B u . s a y s t h a t t h is is e x p la in e d in t h e B h o j a n a v a g g a (Vin. i v . 6 9 9 0 ). 3 N a il s a r e d e fin e d a t Vism. 250 f. * kuppa , e x p la in e d b y B u . a s sadda, n o is e . V ^ . 1 2 1 0 p o in t s o u t t h a t t h e c u t t i n g o f t h e n a ils w a s a l lo w e d f o r r e a s o n s o f s e lf - p r o t e c t io n .

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N o w a t t h a t tim e m o n k s c u t 1 th e ir n a ils w ith th e ir n a ils a n d th e y c u t th e ir n a ils w ith th e ir m o u th a n d t h e y ru b b e d th e m d o w n on a w a ttle a n d d a u b w a ll ; th e ir fin gers b ecam e p a in fu l. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r t o th e L o rd . H e sa id : I a llo w , m o n k s, c u ttin g o f th e n a ils . T h e y c u t th e ir n a ils d o w n to th e b lo o d ; th e ir fin g ers b e c a m e p a in fu l. I a llo w y o u , m o n ks, to c u t*y o u r n a ils d o w n to th e h e ig h t 2 o f th e fle sh . N o w a t t h a t tim e th e g ro u p o f s ix m o n k s h a d th e ir tw e n ty (nails) p o lish ed . P e o p le . . . sp rea d it a b o u t, s a y in g : " L ik e h o u seh o ld ers w h o e n jo y p le a su re s o f th e sen ses. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : " M on ks, y o u sh o u ld n o t h a v e y o u r t w e n t y (nails) p o lish ed . W h o e v e r sh o u ld h a v e th is d o n e, th e re is an o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g . I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to re m o v e th e d irt o n ly . || 2 || N o w a t t h a t tim e m onks* h a ir 3 c a m e to b e lo n g . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e said : " B u t , m o n k s, are th e m o n k s a b le to c u t one a n o th e r 's h a ir ? " T h e y are a b le (to d o so), L o r d . [133] T h e n th e L o rd , on th is o cca sio n , in th is co n n e ctio n , h a v in g g iv e n reaso n ed ta lk , a d d ressed th e m o n k s, s a y in g : " 1 a llo w , m o n k s, a ra zo r, a w h e tsto n e , a ra zo r-c a se ,4 a p iece o f fe lt , 5 a n d a ll a b a r b e r 's e q u ip m e n t . 6 j| 3 j] N o w a t th a t tim e th e g ro u p o f s ix m o n k s h a d th e ir b e a rd s trim m e d ,7 t h e y m a d e th e ir b e a rd s g ro w (long8), th e y h a d th e m sh ap ed lik e a g o a t's b e a rd ,9, t h e y h a d th e m sh a p e d in to fo u r c o m e rs ,10t h e y h a d th e h a ir o n th e ir c h e sts s h a p e d ,11 t h e y h a d
1 ckindati , t o c u t o ff, t o c u t d o w n , t o r e m o v e , t o d e s t r o y . B u t a s V A . 12 10 s a y s t h e r e w a s n o o ffe n c e in c u t t i n g t h e n a ils b y m e a n s o f t h e n a ils a n d s o o n . I d o n o t t h i n k w e n e e d t r a n s l a t e ckindati b y *' t o r e o f f a s a t Vin. Texts iii. 1 3 7 . a pantdna, m e a s u r e ; o f t e n , a s in " t h e patndna o f a n a v e r a g e m a n / * m e a n in g h e ig h t . * kesa, d e n n e d a t Vism. 2 4 9 f. 4 khurasipdtika , e x p l a i n e d a t V A . 1 2 1 0 a s khurakosaka, a l i t t l e s h e a t h fo r a r a z o r . * nam ataka, a s a t C V . V . 1 1 . I ; 1 9 . I ; X . 10 . 4. 6 khurabhapd^a, a s a t V i n . i. 2 4 9 . S e e B . D . i v . 3 4 5 , n. 5 . C f. tantabhait^a a t C V . V . 28. 2. 7 massum kappapenti . V A . 1 2 1 1 s a y s kattariya massuijt chedapenti , c a u s e d t h e ir b e a r d s t o b e c u t o ff w i t h s c is s o r s (o r w i t h a k n if e ) . 8 A d d ed a t VA. 12 11. * golomikatf t kdrdpenti. V A . 1 2 1 1 s a y s , '* h a v i n g m a d e t h e m lo n g o n t h e c h in , t h e y a r e c a lle d : a r r a n g e d a s a g o a t s b e a r d , elakamassuka 10 caturassakan ti catukoyiam, V A . 1 2 1 1 . 11 parimukhatjt kdrdpenti, o f w h ic h V A . 1 2 1 1 s a y s t h i s w a s a g r o w in g , g a t h e r in g , c o ll e c t in g ( t h e r e fo r e a c u t t i n g ) , samharanat in t o lin e s o f t h e h a ir of th e ch e st.

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th e h a ir on th e ir sto m a c h s s h a p e d ,1 t h e y a rra n g e d w h isk e rs, t h e y h a d th e h a ir on th e ir b o d ies r e m o v e d .2 P e o p le . . . . sp rea d it a b o u t, s a y in g : " L ik e h o u seh o ld ers w h o e n jo y p leasu res o f th e se n s e s / T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : M o n k s, y o u sh o u ld n o t h a v e y o u r b e a rd s trim m e d . . . y o u sh o u ld n o t h a v e th e h a ir o f y o u r b o d ie s re m o v e d . W h o e v e r sh o u ld h a v e it re m o v e d th e re is a n o ffen ce o f w ro n g d o in g / '3 N o w a t t h a t tim e a c e rta in m o n k c a m e t o h a v e a sore on a c e rta in p a r t o f his b o d y ;4 th e m e d ic a m e n t w o u ld n o t ad h ere. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r t o th e L o rd . H e s a id : " I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to re m o v e th e h a ir o n th e b o d y in th e ca se o f illness/*
II 4 II

N o w a t th a t tim e th e g ro u p o f s ix m o n k s h a d th e h a ir o f th e ir h e a d s c u t off w ith scissors. P e o p le . . . sp re a d it a b o u t, s a y in g : " L ik e h o u seh o ld ers w h o e n jo y p le a su re s o f th e se n se s/ ' T h e y to ld th is m a tte r t o th e L o rd . H e sa id : M o n k s, y o u sh o u ld n o t h a v e th e h a ir o f y o u r h e a d s c u t o ff w ith scissors. W h o e v e r sh o u ld (so) h a v e it c u t off, th e r e is an o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g . Now' a t t h a t tim e a c e rta in m o n k c a m e to h a v e a sore on his h e a d ; h e w a s n o t a b le to s h a v e th e h a ir o f h is h e a d w ith a ra zo r. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : " I a llo w y o u , m o n ks, to c u t o ff th e h a ir o f th e h e a d w ith scisso rs in th e ca se o f illn e ss. N o w a t t h a t tim e m o n k s w o re th e h a ir in th e ir n o strils lo n g . P e o p le . . . sp re a d it a b o u t, s a y in g : L ik e (Jem on-w orship p e rs / '5 T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : M on ks, y o u sh o u ld n o t w e a r th e h a ir in y o u r n o strils lo n g . W h o e v e r sh o u ld (so) w e a r it, th e re is a n o ffe n c e o f w ro n g -d o in g / 1
1 a ddharuka. V A . 1 2 1 1 s a y s a n a r r a n g e m e n t in t o lin e s o f t h e h a ir o n t h e s to m a c h .* ' * sa m b a d h e lo m a m s a m h a r d p e n ti. S e e n o t e b u t o n e a b o v e o n sa rn h a ra p a . C o r r e s p o n d in g r u le f o r n u n s a t N u n s * P a c . 2 a n d w h e r e sam b & dh a is d e fin e d . I t h i n k sa m h a r d p e n ti is m o r e c o r r e c t l y t o r e m o v e ( t h u s c u t t i n g i n t o a s h a p e ) t h a n g r o w " (a m e a n in g g iv e n a b o v e ) , in v i e w o f t h e o t h e r 4 s h a p i n g s / ' a n d a ls o b e c a u s e o f t h e o b j e c t io n s le v e lle d a t t h e n u n s a n d a ls o , a b o v e , a t th e m on ks. 3 A s V A . 1 2 1 1 n o t e s t h e r e is a d u h k a ta f o r t h e s h a p in g o f t h e b e a r d a n d e v e r y t h i n g e ls e . * 4 sam badhe, w h ic h , a s d e fin e d in N u n s ' P a c . 2 m e a n s t h e a r m p it s a n d p r i v a t e p a rts. 5 p is d c i lli k a , a s a t M V . I I I . 12. 3 , C V . V , 10. 2.

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N o w a t t h a t tim e m o n k s h a d th e h a ir in th e ir n o strils ta k e n o u t w ith pieces o f c r y s ta l 1 a n d b y m ean s o f b e e s w a x ; th e ir n o strils b c c a m e p a in fu l. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, tw e e z e r s . 2 N o w a t th a t tim e th e g ro u p o f s ix m o n k s h a d g r e y h a irs 3 ta k e n o u t. P e o p le . . . s p re a d it a b o u t, s a y i n g : " L ik e h o u seh o ld ers w h o e n jo y p le a su re s o f th e se n ses. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : " M on ks, y o u sh o u ld n ot h a v e g r e y h a irs ta k e n o u t. W h o e v e r sh o u ld h a v e th e m ta k e n o u t, th e re is a n o ffe n ce o f w ro rig -d o in g . || 5 || N o w a t th a t tim e a c e rta in m o n k 's e ars w ere sto p p e d w ith w a x . [134] T h e y to ld th is m a tte r t o th e L o rd . H e sa id : I a llo w , m o n k s, an in stru m e n t fo r re m o v in g d irt fro m th e e a rs .4 N o w a t t h a t tim e th e g ro u p o f s ix m o n k s u sed v a rio u s k in d s o f in stru m e n ts fo r r e m o v in g d irt fro m th e ears, m a d e o f g o ld , m a d e o f silv e r. P e o p le . . . sp re a d it a b o u t, s a y in g : L ik e h o u seh o ld ers w h o e n jo y p le a su re s o f th e se n ses. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : " M o n k s, v a rio u s k in d s o f in stru m e n ts fo r re m o v in g d irt fro m th e ears sh o u ld n o t b e u sed. W h o e v e r sh o u ld use (these), th e re is a n o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g . I a llo w th e m , m o n k s, (to be) m a d e o f b o n e, m ad e o f iv o r y , m a d e o f h o rn , m a d e o f reed s, m a d e o f b a m b o o , m ad e o f a p ie ce o f s tic k , m a d e o f la c , m a d e o f c r y s ta l, m a d e o f co p p e r, m a d e o f th e ce n tre o f a c o n c h sh e ll . 5 || 6 || 2 7 || N o w a t th a t tim e m o n k s m a d e a la rg e s to re of c o p p e r g o o d s, o f b ro n ze g o o d s. P e o p le to u r in g th e d w e llin g -p la c e , h a v in g seen th is, lo o k e d d o w n u p o n , c ritic is e d , sp re a d it a b o u t, s a y in g : et H o w can th e se reclu ses, so n s o f th e S a k y a n s m a k e a la rg e sto re o f c o p p e r g o o d s, o f b ro n ze g o o d s lik e d ealers in b ro n ze ? 6 T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o r d . H e sa id : M o n k s, a store o f c o p p e r g o o d s, of b ro n z e g o o d s sh o u ld n o t b e m a d e. W h o ever sh o u ld m a k e one, th e re is a n o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g . Hi li_________________________________________________________________
1 s a k k h a r ik d C f . M V . V I . 14. 5 , lo n a -s a k -. * s a n d d sa a s a t M . ii. 7 5 , J a . i . 13 8 . 3 p a lita . C f . p a lita k e s i a t M . i. 8 8 . M A . ii. 60, p a n g a r a k e s a . 4 A llo w e d a g a in b e lo w , C V . V . 28. 2 . fi A s a t M V . V I . 12, 1 , 3 ; C V . V . 11, 1 , e t c . 6 k a tn sa p a tth a r ik a . V A . 1 2 1 1 e x p la in s a s k a m s a b h a n tfa v a tiija , m e r c h a n t s in b r o n z e g o o d s .

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N o w a t th a t tim e m o n k s w e re (too) sc ru p u lo u s to use a n o in tm en t b o x 1 a n d a n o in tm e n t s t ic k 2 a n d an in s tru m e n t fo r re m o v in g d irt fro m th e e a rs 3 a n d a h a n d le .4 T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : I a llo w , m o n k s, a n o in tm e n t b o x . . . a h a n d le . N o w a t th a t tim e th e g ro u p o f s ix m o n k s s a t d o w n lo llin g 5 on th e ir o u te r c l o a k s , 6 th e c o tto n c lo t h 7 o f th e o u te r c lo a k s g a v e w a y .8 T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e s a i d : " M on ks, y o u sh o u ld n o t sit d o w n lo llin g on o u te r c lo a k s. W h o e v e r sh o u ld (so) sit d o w n , th e re is a n o ffe n ce o f w ro n g d o in g ." N o w a t th a t tim e a c e rta in m o n k c a m e to b e ill ; th e re w a s n o c o m fo rt fo r h im w ith o u t a bandage. T h e y to ld th is rtiatter to th e L o r d . H e s a id : I a llo w , m o n k s , a b a n d a g e ." T h e n it o ccu rre d to m o n k s : " N o w h o w sh o u ld a b a n d a g e b e m a d e ? T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : " I a llo w , m o n k s, a lo o m , sh u ttle s, s trin g s, tic k e ts a n d a ll th e e q u ip m e n t fo r a lo o m .1' j| 2 || 28 || N o w a t t h a t tim e a c e rta in m o n k e n te re d a v illa g e fo r a lm s fo o d w ith o u t his w a is tb a n d ; o n a c a rria g e ro a d h is in n e r ro b e d ro p p ed d o w n .10 P e o p le s h o u te d o u t 11 a n d t h a t m o n k [135] b e ca m e a sh a m ed . T h e n th a t m o n k , h a v in g g o n e b a c k to th e m o n a ste ry , to ld th is m a tte r t o t h e m o n k s. T h e m o n k s to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e s a i d : " M o n k s, y o u sh o u ld n o t e n te r a v illa g e w ith o u t y o u r w a is tb a n d . W h o e v e r sh o u ld (so)

1 a n ja n l, a llo w e d a t M V . V I . 12, I , 2 , 4. 1 A llo w e d a t M V . V I . 12, 3. * A llo w e d a t C V . V . 27. 6 . 4 b a n d h a n a m a tta . M e a n in g u n c e r t a in . V A , 1 2 1 1 s a y s a b a n d h a n a m a ita f o r a v a sik a tta r a y a tth ik d d ln a m , a k n if e a r d m e n d ic a n t 's s t a f f . O r s h o u ld h a ita ra r e a d k a tta rl, s c is s o r s ? W e s h o u ld t h e n g e t " a s t i c k f o r k n i f e a n d scissors.** C f . b a n d h a n a m a tta tn a t M V . V . 11. i , V I I . 1. 5 , b u t in b o t h p a s s a g e s i t s e e m s t o h a v e a d if f e r e n t m e a n in g f r o m a b o v e . 6 C f . S e k h i y a 2 6 w h e r e " lo llin g '* is d e fin e d a s lo llin g o n t h e h a n d s , lo llin g o n c lo t h s . * A s a t C V . I V . 4 . 7 (e n d ). 7 R e a d p a itd i n s t e a d o f t e x t 's p a tta , a s n o t e d a t V i n .T e x t s iii. 1 4 1 , n . 6 . * A s a t M V . V I I I . 21. 1 w h e r e a r e m e d y is *' a l lo w e d ." S e e B . D . iv . 424. L u j j a n t i , ** g a v e w a y / * o c c u r s a ls o a t C V . V . 16. 2 , 17. 2 a n d is t h e r e t r a n s l a t e d " f e ll in .*' 9 ayog a , a s a t V i n . iii. 2 5 7 , i v . 1 7 0 . S e e B . D . ii. 1 4 4 , n . 2. 10 p a b h a s sitth a , a s a t V i n . i v . 1 5 9 . 11 A s a t V in . i v . 3 4 5 .

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e n te r one, th e re is a n o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g . I a llo w , m o n k s, a w a is tb a n d . 1 j| x || N o w a t t h a t tim e th e g ro u p o f s ix m o n k s w o re v a r io u s k in d s o f w a is tb a n d s ; th o se of m a n y s tr a n d s ,2 th o se lik e th e h e a d o f a w a te r-s n a k e ,3 th o se lik e ta m b o u rin e d ru m s ,4 th o se lik e c h a in s , 6 P e o p le . . . s p re a d it a b o u t, s a y in g : " L ik e h o u se ho ld ers w h o e n jo y p le a su re s o f th e se n s e s ." T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e s a id : " M o n k s , v a r io u s k in d s of w a istb a n d s sh o u ld n o t b e w o rn : th o se o f m a n y s tra n d s . . . th o se lik e c h a in s. W h o e v e r sh o u ld w e a r one, th e re is a n offence o f w ro n g -d o in g .6 I a llo w , m o n k s, tw o (kin d s of) w a istb a n d s : a strip o f c o tto n c lo th , 7 o n e w ith a w e ll m a d e e n d ." 8 T h e b o rd ers o f a w a is tb a n d w o re o u t. I a llo w , m on ks, th o se lik e ta m b o u rin e d ru m s, th o se lik e c h a in s ." T h e e n d of a w a is tb a n d w o re o u t. " I a llo w , m o n k s, a se w in g round, a k n o ttin g ." 10 T h e e n d o f a w a is tb a n d w h e re it w a s lo o p e d 11 w ore o u t. " I a llo w , m o n k s, a b u c k le ."12 N o w a t t h a t tim e th e g ro u p o f s ix m o n k s w o re v a rio u s k in d s o f b u c k le s, m a d e o f g o ld , m a d e o f silv e r. P e o p le * . . sp rea d it a b o u t, s a y in g : L ik e h o u s e h o ld e rs w h o e n jo y p le a su re s o f th e se n se s." T h e y to ld th is m a tte r t o th e L o rd . H e sa id : " M on ks, v a rio u s k in d s o f b u c k le s sh o u ld n o t b e w o rn . W h o

I T a k e n f o r g r a n t e d a t M V . I . 25, 9 , 10 . * k a ld b u k a . V A . 1 2 1 1 e x p l a i n s b y b a h u r a jju k a . 5 ded 4**bhakatn ttdtna u d a k a s a p p is ls a s a d is a m , s o V A . 1 2 1 1 . 4 m u r a ja . V A 1 2 1 1 s a y s t h e y a r e m a d e , h a v i n g t w is t e d t h e s h a p e in t o a t a m b o u r in e d r u m (vatta, c ir c le , r o u n d ) . 6 m a d d a v in a . V A . 1 2 1 1 ( r e a d in g - v d n a ) s a y s p a m a n g a sa n th d n a rf 1. Cf. C V . V . 2. 1 w h e r e p d m a n g a o c c u r s . S e e a ls o B . D . i. 7 7 , n . 9. * B u . s a y s t h e r e m u s t n o t b e e v e n o n e o f t h e s e , m u c h le s s m a n y . 7 p a t t ik d . V A . 1 2 1 1 e x p l a in s t h a t h e r e i t is a p a itik d t h a t is w o v e n o r d in a r ily o r t h a t is w o v e n in t h e fis h a n d t h o r n d e s ig n (? tn a c ch a k a p th a k a v a y im d ), a n d i t c o n t in u e s , " t h e r e a r e t o b e n o d i v i s io n s in t o k u n ja r a c c h ik d d i.** K u i i j a is a h o llo w . 8 s u k a r a n ta k a . V i n . T e x t s iii. 14 3 " d o n o t v e n t u r e t o t r a n s la t e t h e te r m / * a n d i t s m e a n in g is e x t r e m e l y d o u b t f u l . V A . 1 2 1 1 h a s v .l. s-ukaran ^ a ka, a n d a ls o ( a t V i n . ii. 3 1 9 ) su k a r a n ta k a , w h ic h I a d o p t a s t h e m o s t in t e llig ib le , a lt h o u g h p o s s i b l y n o t t h e m o s t c o r r e c t r e a d in g . V A . 1 2 1 1 e x p la in s b y s a y i n g it is f a s h io n e d in t o a w e ll m a d e (su k a r a ) r o u n d c a s e f o r a k e y . * so b h a p a . V A . X 212 s a y s h a v i n g t w is t e d i t , t h e r e is t h e s e w in g o f a c ir c u la r e n d , " m u k h a v a tfis ib b a n a . 30 g u n a k a . C f . sa g u n a m k a tv d a t M V . 1 . 25. 9 . V A . 1 2 1 2 s a y s " a s e w in g a f t e r t h e s t y l e o f m u d d ik d {i.e. a s ig n e t r in g , a b u n c h o f g r a p e s ; o r tn u d d ik a , a n a c c o u n t a n t m a y b e m e a n t o n e w h o t i e s c o in s , e t c ., i n t o k n o t s in h is w a is t b a n d ?). II p a v a n a n ta . 14 v id h a , a s a t P a c . 86 . 2 . 2 . S e e B . D . iii . 8 9 , n . i

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e v e r sh o u ld w e a r one, th e re is a o ffe n ce o f w ro n g -d o in g . I a llo w th e m , m o n ks, (to be) m a d e o f b o n e . . . m a d e o f th e inside o f a co n ch sh e ll, m a d e o f t h r e a d .1 || 2 || N o w a t th a t tim e th e v e n e ra b le A n a n d a h a v in g p u t on lig h t-w e ig h t u p p e r ro b es ,2 e n te re d a v illa g e fo r a lm sfo o d ; h is u p p e r ro bes w ere b lo w n u p b y g u sts o f w in d .3 T h e n th e ve n e ra b le A n a n d a , h a v in g g o n e b a c k to th e m o n a s te ry , to ld th is m a tte r to th e m o n k s. T h e m o n k s to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e said : I a llo w , m o n k s, a b lo c k ,4 so m e th in g to t ie / 5 N o w a t th a t tim e th e g ro u p o f s ix m o n k s u sed v a r io u s k in d s o f b lo c k s, m a d e o f g o ld , m a d e o f s ilv e r . P e o p le . . . sp re a d it a b o u t, s a y in g : " L ik e h o u seh o ld ers w h o e n jo y p le a su re s o f th e senses .'1 T h e y t o ld th is m a tte r t o th e L o rd . H e sa id : " M onks, v a rio u s k in d s o f b lo c k s sh o u ld n o t b e u se d . W h o e v e r sh o u ld use th e m , th e re is an o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g . I a llo w th e m , m o n ks, (to be) m a d e o f b o n e . . . m a d e o f t h r e a d / ' N o w a t th a t tim e m o n k s in se rte d b lo c k s a n d th in g s to tie in to th e ir ro b es ; th e ro b es w o re o u t. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : I a llo w , m o n k s, a sh ie ld 6 fo r th e b lo c k s, a sh ield fo r th e th in g s to t i e . [136] T h e y in se rte d th e sh ield s fo r th e b lo c k s a n d th e sh ie ld s fo r th e th in g s to tie a t th e ed ge (of th e robe) ; a c o rn er w a s r e v e a le d . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o r d . H e sa id : " I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to in sert a sh ie ld fo r th e b lo c k s a t th e e d g e ; to in se rt a sh ie ld fo r th e th in g s to tie h a v in g ta k e n it b a c k se v e n fin g er b re a d th s o r e ig h t fin g er b r e a d th s . || 3 || N o w a t th a t tim e th e g ro u p o f s ix m o n k s d ressed in h o u se h o ld ers' u n d e r g a rm e n ts : th e e le p h a n ts tr u n k ,7 " th e 1 This last, thread, is in addition to the usual list as given above, e.g. at CV. 2 7 . 6. 9 sa m g h d tiy o as it is in the plural must refer to more than the outer cloak ; and since the verb p d r u p a t i is used the reference is probably to this and to the upper robe. * O f. V i n . iv. 345. * gatythika. See B . D . iii. 88, n. 4. * p d s a k a , perhaps a bow for the dress. C f , T h lg . 4 1 1 and Morris, J P T S .
18 9 3 , p . 4 5 - 6 . 0 p h a la k a , perhaps a slip of wood or bark as in p h a la h a c lr a , used in making an ascetic's dress, V i n . i. 305, D . i. 167. 7 h a tth is o n g a k a . V A . 1212 says dressed, having made an appendage (hanging down) in the form of an elephant's trunk.

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fishs t a il ,1 th e fo u r c o rn er a rra n g e m e n t , 2 th e p a lm y r a w h isk a rra n g e m e n t / '3 " th e h u n d re d ju n g le ro p e s . 4 P e o p le . . . sp re a d it a b o u t, s a y in g : " L ik e h o u seh o ld ers w h o e n jo y p leasu res o f th e se n ses. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : M on ks, y o u sh o u ld n o t d ress in h o u seh o ld ers' u n d er g a rm e n ts : th e e le p h a n t's tr u n k ' . . . ' th e h u n d re d ju n g le ro p e s/ W h o e v e r sh o u ld (so) dress, th e re is a n o ffen ce o f w ro n g d o in g . N o w a t th a t tim e th e g ro u p o f s ix m o n k s p u t o n 6 h o u se h o ld ers' u p p e r garm ents. P e o p le . . . sp re a d it a b o u t, s a y in g : " L ik e h o u seh o ld ers w h o e n jo y p le a su re s o f th e se n ses. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o r d . H e sa id : M o n k s, y o u sh o u ld n o t p u t on h o u seh o ld ers' u p p e r g a rm e n ts. W h o e v e r sh o u ld p u t one on, th e re is an o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g . || 4 || N o w a t th a t tim e th e g ro u p o f s ix m o n k s d ressed in lo in c lo th s .7 P e o p le . . . sp re a d it a b o u t, s a y i n g : " L ik e a k in g 's sh a v e n b earers w ith c o ils . 8 T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : M on ks, y o u sh o u ld n o t d ress in lo in c lo th s. W h o e v e r sh o u ld (so) dress, th e re is a n o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g . | J 5 || 29 | | N o w a t t h a t tim e th e g ro u p o f s ix m o n k s ca rrie d a d o u b le c a rry in g -p o le .8 P e o p le . . . sp re a d it a b o u t, s a y in g : L ik e a 1 tn a cch a v d la k a . V A . 1212 says dressed, having hung the edge of the border on one side, the edge of the tie on the other. 2 V A . 1212 explains there were two above and two below, hence showing four corners when clothed thus. 3 td la v a n ta k a . C f . CV. V. 2 2 . 2. V A . 1212 says that when clothed one suspends the outer cloak in the manner of a palmrya whisk. 4 s a ta v a llik d . C f . v a llik d at CV. V. 2 . 1 where although the word may mean ear ornaments, these may be formed like jungle ropes. See also CV. V. 1 8 . 2. V A . 1212 says dressed by making a bracelet (-like arrangement), o va ttika , having folded over the long outer cloak a number of times ; or, dressed showing continual jungle ropes at the left and right sides. If one or two jungle ropes appear from the knee it is all right. C f . o v a ttik a at CV. V. 2 . 1. 6 On p a r u p a ti and n iv d s e ti, put on and dress in, see B . D . ii. 32, notes 2, 3. Bu. enumerates a number of upper garments which he classifies as householders', including a Jain*,s, a wanderer's,-a one-cloth ascetic's, and a biahmans. 7 s a m v e lliy a m . C f . s a m v e lliy a m k a tis u tta k a m at CV. X . 1 6 . 2. V A . 1212 says that they dressed having tied on long grass, k a cch a , like wrestlers and workmen, and that it is explained in the Sekhiyas that a monk must be dressed having covered up the three circles all round. (See Sekhiyas 1, 2). 8 m u n g a v a tti. V A . 1213 (with v .l. -vet h i ) says the meaning is people going anywhere for a king and carrying goods and equipment/' The coils vatti, would be the pads they wear on their heads to support the burden. I .e . with the weight at each end. C f . k d ja at MV. I. 2 0 . 19.

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k in g 's sh a v e n b e a re rs w ith c o ils / T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e s a id : M on ks, y o u sh o u ld n o t c a r r y a d o u b le ca rry in g -p o le . W h o e v e r sh o u ld c a r r y one, th e re is a n offence o f w ro n g -d o in g . I a llo w , m o n k s, a sin g le c a rry in g -p o le , a ca rry in g -p o le fo r tw o b e a re rs ,1 a w e ig h t (carried) on th e h e a d , a w e ig h t (carried) on th e sh o u ld ers, a w e ig h t (carried) on th e h ip s, one h u n g o n / ' || 30 |] N o w a t th a t tim e m o n k s d id n o t c h e w 2 to o th -w o o d 3; th e ir m o u th s ca m e to sm ell n a s ty . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e s a i d : " M o n k s, th e re a re th ese fiv e d is a d v a n ta g e s in n o t c h e w in g to o th -w o o d 4 : it is b a d fo r th e ^yes, th e m o u th b e co m e s n a s ty sm ellin g , th e c h a n n e ls of ta s te are n o t p u rifie d , p h elg m a n d m u c u s g e t on fo o d , o n e s fo o d is n o t e n jo y e d . T h e se , m o n k s, are th e fiv e d is a d v a n ta g e s o f n o t c h e w in g to o th -w o o d . M on ks, th ere are th e re fiv e a d v a n ta g e s in c h e w in g to o th -w o o d : it is g o o d fo r th e e y e s, th e m o u th d o es n o t b e co m e n a s ty sm ellin g , th e ch a n n e ls o f ta s te a re p u rifie d , p h e lg m a n d m u c u s do n o t g e t o n fo o d , o n e s fo o d [13 7 ] is e n jo y e d . T h e se , m o n k s, are th e fiv e a d v a n ta g e s o f c h e w in g to o th -w o o d , I a llo w , m o n k s, to o th -w o o d . || 1 || N o w a t th a t tim e th e g ro u p o f s ix m o n k s c h e w e d lo n g p ieces o f to o th -w o o d ; t h e y e v e n flic k e d n o v ic e s w ith th e se. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e s a id : M o n k s, a lo n g p iece o f to o th -w o o d sh o u ld n o t b e c h e w e d . W h o e v e r sh o u ld c h e w one, th ere is an offence of w ro n g -d o in g . I a llo w , m o n k s, a p iece o f to o th -w o o d to b e e ig h t fin g e r b r e a d th s (in le n g th ) a t th e m o st. A n d a n o v ice sh o u ld n o t b e flic k e d w ith it. W h o e v e r sh o u ld flic k h im , th e re is an o ffen ce o f ^w rong-doing. N o w a t th a t tim e a s a c e rta in m o n k w a s c h e w in g a p iece o f to o th -w o o d th a t w a s to o sh o rt it b e c a m e lo d g e d in h is th ro a t. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o r d . H e s a id : " M o n k s, to o sh o rt a p iece o f to o th -w o o d sh o u ld n o t b e c h e w e d . W h o e v e r sh o u ld c h e w one, th e re is a n o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g . I a llo w , m o n ks, a p iece o f to o th -w o o d t o b e fo u r fin g er b r e a d th s (in len gth ) a t th e le a s t . || 2 || 3 1 j|
1 a n ta r a k a ja , which V A . 12 13 explains as one having the weight in the middle and that may be transported by two (men). 1 k h a d a n ti, eat. 8 d a n la k a tth a , used in cleaning the teeth. 4 As at A . iii. 250.

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N o w a t th a t tim e th e g ro u p o f s ix m o n k s set fire to a fo r e s t .1 P e o p le . . . sp re a d it a b o u t, s a y in g : L ik e fo rest firers/* T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id ; M o n k s, a fo rest sh o u ld n o t b e se t on fire. W h o e v e r sh o u ld s e t o n e on fire, th ere is a n o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g . N o w a t th a t tim e d w e llin g -p la c e s w ere ta n g le d o v e r w ith g ra ss ,2 A s th e fo re st fires w ere b u rn in g (fo rests a n d so on) th e y b u rn e d th e d w e llin g -p la c e s. M o n k s w e re d o u b tfu l w h e th e r to m a k e a c o u n te r-fire 3 to g iv e p ro te c tio n . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, if a forest fire is b u rn in g , t o m a k e a c o u n te r-fire to g iv e p r o te c tio n / ' hi 1 1 N o w a t t h a t tim e th e g ro u p o f s ix m o n k s c lim b e d a tre e a n d ju m p e d fro m tre e t o tre e . P e o p le . . . sp re a d it a b o u t, s a y in g : " L ik e m o n k e y s . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r t o th e L o rd . H e sa id : M o n k s, a tre e sh o u ld n o t b e c lim b e d . W h o e v e r sh o u ld c lim b one, th e re is a n o ffe n ce o f w ro n g -d o in g / N o w a t t h a t tim e a n e le p h a n t in fe s te d th e w a y o f a c e rta in m o n k w h o w a s g o in g to S a v a tth I th ro u g h th e K o s a la n d is tric ts . T h e n th a t m o n k ru sh ed u p to th e fo o t o f a c e rta in tre e (but) b ein g sc ru p u lo u s d id n o t c lim b th e tre e ; th e e le p h a n t w en t off b y a n o th e r (tra c k ). T h e n th a t m o n k , h a v in g re a c h e d S a v a tth I, to ld th is m a tte r to th e m o n k s. (T h e m o n k s to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o r d ).4 H e sa id : * I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, if th ere is a reason , to c lim b a tre e to th e h e ig h t o f a m a n , a n d a s h ig h as y o u lik e in ca ses o f d is tre ss / ' 6 || 2 f| 3 2 j| [138] N o w a t th a t tim e Y a m e lu a n d T e k u la * w ere th e n a m es o f tw o m o n k s w h o w ere b ro th e rs, b ra h m a n s b y b irth , w ith lo v e ly voices, w ith lo v e ly e n u n c ia tio n . T h e y a p p ro a c h e d th e L o r d ; h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d , h a v in g g re e te d th e L o rd , t h e y s a t d o w n
1 A s a t V in . iii. 8 5 . * A s a t A . i. 1 5 3 , iii, 12 8 . * p a ta g g itp d a tu m . C f . J d . i. 2 1 2 . V A . 12 1 4 s a y s h a v in g m a d e th e g ro u n d s q u a r e , i t is p o s s ib le t o c o n v e y g r a s s t h e r e a n d d ig i t in c a r e f u l l y , a n d h a v i n g b r o k e n o f f d a m p b r a n c h e s t o c o o l d o w n t h e fire . 4 O m it t e d in t h e t e x t . * S u c h a s s e e in g w i ld a n im a l s , f o r e s t fir e s , o r a p p r o a c h in g f lo o d s , o r s u c h a s w a n t in g t o s e e t h e r i g h t d ir e c t io n i f o n e is o n t h e w r o n g r o a d (so V A . 1 2 1 4 ) . 8 Y a m e ju te k u la . T h i s c o m p o u n d s h o u ld p o s s i b l y b e r e s o lv e d in t o Y a m e l a a n d T J te k u la , b u t is t a k e n a s r e p r o d u c e d a b o v e b y D . P . P . N . (u n d e r T e k u l a ) a n d V in . T e x ts iii. 14 9 , q .v . n o t e 3 . T h e s e m o n k s a r e m e n t io n e d n o w h e r e b u t h e re , I t h in k . ' H*

B O O K OF D I S C I P L I N E 194 a t a re sp e c tfu l d is ta n c e . A s t h e y w e re s ittin g d o w n a t a re s p e c tfu l d ista n c e , th e se m o n k s s p o k e th u s to th e L o r d : " A t p re se n t, L o rd , m o n k s o f v a r io u s n a m e s, v a r io u s c la n s , v a rio u s so cial s tr a ta h a v e g o n e fo r th fro m v a r io u s fa m ilie s ; th ese c o rru p t th e sp eech o f th e A w a k e n e d O n e in (using) h is o w n d ia le c t .1 N o w w e , L o r d , g iv e th e sp e e c h o f th e A w a k e n e d O n e in m e tric a l fo r m / 2 T h e A w a k e n e d O n e, th e L o rd re b u k e d th e m , s a y in g : H o w c a n y o u , fo o lish m en , s p e a k th u s : ' N o w w e , L o r d , g iv e th e sp e e c h o f th e A w a k e n e d O n e in m e tric a l fo rm ? I t is n o t, fo o lish m en , fo r p le a s in g th o se w h o are n o t (yet) p le a se d . . . A n d h a v in g r e b u k e d th e m , h a v in g g iv e n re aso n ed ta lk , h e a d d re sse d th e m o n k s, s a y in g : " M onks, th e sp ee ch o f th e A w a k e n e d O n e sh o u ld n o t b e g iv e n in m e tric a l fo rm . W h o e v e r sh o u ld (so) g iv e it, th e r e is a n o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g . I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to le a rn th e sp eech o f th e A w a k e n e d O n e a c c o r d in g to his o w n d ia le c t ." 11*11 N o w a t t h a t tim e th e g ro u p o f s ix m o n k s le a r n t m e ta p h y s ic s .3 P e o p le , . . sp re a d it a b o u t, s a y in g : L ik e h o u seh o ld ers w h o e n jo y p le a su re s o f th e se n s e s ." M o n k s h e a rd th e s e p e o p le w h o . . . sp re a d it a b o u t. T h e n th e s e m o n k s to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : N o w , m o n k s, c a n one w h o sees th e essen ce (as bein g) in m e ta p h y s ic s a tta in t o g r o w th , in crea se, m a tu r ity in th is dham m a a n d d is c ip lin e ? " T h is is n o t so, L o r d ." O r c o u ld one w h o sees th e essen ce (as being) in th is dham m a a n d d isc ip lin e le a rn m e ta p h y s ic s ? " T h is is n o t so . L o r d ." M onks, m e ta p h y s ic s s h o u ld n o t b e le a r n t. W h o e v e r sh o u ld le a rn th e m , th e re is a n o ffen ce o f w r o n g -d o in g ."
1 s a k d y a n ir u ttiy d . V A . 1214 says the current Magadhese manner of speech according to the awakened one. Cf. n iru ttx a t M. iii. 234. * ch a n d a so d ro p e m a . V A . 1214 explains, " we give (d ro p e m a ) a way of speech according to the honoured dialect (or vernacular, s a k k a ta b h a sa ) like a Veda.** S a k k a ta , v .t. s a k k a ta , may be Sanskrit. See four reasons for supposmg so at V i n . T e x t s iii. 150, n. C f . S d v itth l ch a n d a s o tn u k h a m at S n . 568, V i n . i. 246, and ch a n d o n id d n a m g d th d n a m at 5 . i. 38. * lo k d y a ta , name of a branch of brahman learning, probably metaphysics. See D i a l . i. 16 6 1 7 2 ; V i n . T e x t s iii. 151, n. 2 ; B . D . iii. 83, n. 1. Word also occurs at A . i. *63, 166, iii. 223, S n . p. 105, M . ii. 147. V A . 1214 says " it means everything is rejected, everything is unrejected ; it is the lore of other sects, connected with what is utterly groundless and which says by this or that method a crow is white, a crane is black.*'

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N o w a t th a t tim e th e g ro u p o f s ix m o n k s ta u g h t m e ta p h y sic s. P e o p le o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g / ' N o w a t th a t tim e th e g ro u p o f s ix m o n k s le a r n t w o r ld ly k n o w le d g e .1 P e o p le o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g . N o w a t t h a t tim e th e g ro u p o f s ix m o n k s ta u g h t w o r ld ly k n o w led g e . P e o p le o ffe n ce o f w ro n g -d o in g . || 2 j[ N o w a t [139] t h a t tim e th e L o rd , su rro u n d e d b y a la rg e a ssem b ly , sn eezed w h ile h e w a s te a c h in g dham m a . M on ks, s a y in g : L o rd , m a y th e L o r d liv e (long), m a y th e w e llfa re r liv e (lo n g ), m a d e a lo u d n oise, a g re a t n o ise ; th e t a lk on dhamma w a s in te rru p te d b y th is noise* T h e n th e L o rd a d d ressed th e m o n k s, s a y i n g : N o w , m o n k s, w h e n (the ph rase) L o n g life is sp o k e n to one w h o h a s sn eezed , c a n he fo r th is reason liv e or d ie ? T h a t is n o t so, L o r d . M o n k s, L o n g life ' sh o u ld n o t b e sa id to one w h o h a s sn eezed . W h o e v e r sh o u ld s a y it, th e re is a n offen ce o f w ro n g d o in g . N o w a t t h a t tim e p e o p le sa id M a y y o u liv^e (long), h o n o u re d sirs t o m o n k s w h o h a d sn eezed . T h e m o n k s, b e in g s c ru p u lous, d id n o t re s p o n d .. P e o p le * . . sp re a d it a b o u t, s a y in g : H o w c a n th e se reclu ses, so n s o f th e S a k y a n s n o t resp o n d w h en (the ph rase) M a y y o u liv e (long), h o n o u re d s i r s is b e in g sp o k e n to th e m ? T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : M o n k s, h o u seh o ld ers lik e lu c k y sig n s .2 I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, w h e n (the ph rase) * M a y y o u liv e (long), h o n o u re d sirs is b e in g sp o k e n t o y o u b y h o u se h o ld e rs t o s a y , ' L o n g life ' (to th e m ). || 3 II 33 || N o w a t t h a t tim e th e L o rd , su rro u n d e d b y a la rg e a s s e m b ly , w as te a c h in g dham m a s ittin g d o w n . A c e rta in m o n k h a d e a te n ga rlic ;3 he s a t d o w n to o n e sid e , th in k in g : In c a se th e m o n ks are in c o m m o d e d . T h e L o rd s a w t h a t m o n k w h o w a s sittin g d o w n a t one sid e ; se e in g h im , h e a d d re sse d th e m o n k s, sa y in g : M on ks, w h y is th is m o n k s ittin g to one sid e ?
1 tir a c c k d n a v ijjd . Learnt and then taught by the group of six nuns at V in . iv. 305-6; a p a c ittiy a for them. The O ld C o rn y, on these Nuns* Pacittiyas, Nos. 49, 50, defines both tir a c c k d n a v ijjd and p a r iy a p u n d t it ** learn. See B . D . iii. 337-9 and notes there.

* As at CV. V. 2 1 . 4. 3 la su n a , defined at V i n . iv. 259.

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D I S C I P L I N E ___________

L o rd , th is m o n k h a s e a te n g a rlic , so h e s a t d o w n a t one side, th in k in g : ' I n c a se th e m o n k s a re in c o m m o d e d V ' B u t , m o n k s, sh o u ld t h a t b e e a te n w h ic h , w h e n e a te n , ca n (m ake th e eater) o u tsid e su ch a dhamma-taNz a s th is ? T h a t is n o t so, L o r d . M onks, g a rlic sh o u ld n o t b e e a te n . W h o e v e r sh o u ld e a t it, th e re is a n o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g . 1 || i || N o w a t th a t tim e th e v e n e ra b le S a r ip u tta h a d w in d in h is sto m a c h . T h e n th e v e n e ra b le M o g g a lla n a th e G re a t a p p ro a c h e d th e v e n e ra b le S a r ip u tta ; h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d , h e sp o k e th u s to th e v e n e ra b le S a r ip u tta : W h e n y o u h a d w in d in y o u r sto m a c h b e fo re , re v e re n d S a r ip u tta , b y w h a t m ea n s d id y o u g e t c o m fo rt ? I h a d g a rlic , y o u r re v e re n c e . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to e a t g a r lic in th e ca se o f illn e ss . 2 || 2 |j 3 4 J | N o w a t th a t tim e m o n k s r e lie v e d th e m s e lv e s h ere, th e re a n d e v e ry w h e re in a m o n a s te r y ; th e m o n a s te r y w a s so iled . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o r d . H e sa id : * I a llo w y o u m o n k s, to re lie v e y o u rs e lv e s a t o n e s id e . [140 ] T h e m o n a s t e r y b e c a m e n a s t y sm ellin g . I a llo w y o u , m o n k s , a v e s s e l. S ittin g d o w n , it w a s p a in fu l. I a llo w , m o n k s, u rin a l s h o e s . 3 T h e u rin a l sh oes w ere p u b lic ;4 m o n k s w e re a sh a m e d to re lie v e th e m se lv e s. I a llo w , m o n k s, th r e e (k in d s of) fe n c e s to fe n ce th e m in : a fe n ce o f b ric k s , a fe n ce o f sto n es, a fen ce o f w o o d . T h e v e sse l b e in g u n c o v e re d b e c a m e n a s t y sm e llin g . 4 4I allo w , m o n ks, a lid . || x | J N o w a t th a t tim e m o n k s e v a c u a te d h e re , th e re a n d e v e r y w h e re in a m o n a s te ry . . . . (as in || 1 ||) . . . T h e m o n a s te r y b e c a m e n a s ty sm ellin g . " I a llo w , m o n k s , a c e s s p o o l. The fa c in g o f th e c e ssp o o l fe ll in .5 " I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, t o p ile u p th re e (kin d s of) p ilin g s : a p ilin g o f b ric k s , a p ilin g o f sto n es, a p ilin g o f w o o d . T h e c e ssp o o l w a s to o lo w to th e g r o u n d 6 . . . I a llo w , m o n k s, a b a lu s t r a d e . S it t in g in sid e, * 1 * * *
1 A p d c iitiy a f o r n u n s , N u n s ' P a c . 1.

As a medicine, V A . 1214, Allowed at MV. V. 8. C f . CV. V. 1 7 . 1. As at CV. V. 1 7 . 2. As at CV. V. 1 1 . 6.

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th e y fell off. I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, t o e v a c u a te h a v in g sp rea d (som ething) a n d m a d e a h o le in th e m id d le ." S ittin g d o w n , it w as p a in fu l. I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, p r i v y s h o e s ." |j 2 |j T h e y e v a c u a te d o u tsid e. I a llo w , m o n k s, a tr o u g h ." T h e re w a s no w o o d fo r sc ra p in g . I a llo w , m o n k s, w o o d fo r s c ra p in g / ' T h e re w a s no re c e p ta c le 1 fo r sc ra p in g . " I a llo w , m onks, a re c e p ta c le (for th e w ood) fo r s c r a p in g ." T h e cess pool b e in g u n c o v e re d b e ca m e n a s t y sm ellin g . I a llo w , m on ks, a lid ." E v a c u a t in g in th e o p e n a ir, t h e y w ere b o th e re d b y th e c o ld a n d h e a t. I a llo w , m o n k s, a h u t fo r th e p r iv y .'" T h e re w a s n o d o o r to th e h u t. I a llo w , m o n k s, a d o o r . . .2 . . . sw o rd fish te e th , th e fiv e (pieces of) c lo th d esign , a b a m b o o fo r robes, a c o rd fo r ro b e s ." 3 N o w a t t h a t tim e a c e rta in m on k, w e a k th ro u g h a g e, [14 1] h a v in g e v a c u a te d , fe ll d o w n as he w a s g e ttin g u p . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : I a llo w , m o n k s, a c h a ir w ith s u p p o r ts ." T h e h u t w a s n o t fe n ced in. " I a llo w , m o n k s, th re e (kin d s of) fen ces w ith w h ich to fe n ce it in : a fe n ce o f b r ic k s , a fe n ce o f sto n e s, a fen ce o f w o o d ." f| 3 f| T h e re w a s n o p o rch . I a llo w , m o n k s, a p o r c h ." T h e re w a s no d o o r to th e p o rch . I a llo w , m o n k s, a d o o r . . .4 . . . a co rd to p u ll th r o u g h ." P o w d e re d g ra s s fe ll o n to th e p o rch . . .5 " . . . fiv e (pieces of) c lo th d e s ig n ." A c e ll b e ca m e sw am p y6 . . . I a llo w , m o n k s, a d ra in fo r th e w a t e r ." T h e re w a s n o vessel fo r th e w a te r fo r rin sin g . I a llo w , m o n k s, a vessel fo r th e w a te r fo r r in s in g ." T h e r e w a s no s a u c e r fo r the w a te r fo r rin sin g . 1 a llo w , m o n k s, a sa u c e r fo r th e w a te r fo r rin sin g . T h e y rin sed s ittin g d o w n ; it w a s p a in fu l. < fI allo w , m o n k s, sh o es t o b e w o rn fo r rin sin g .7 T h e sh o es fo r rin sin g w ere p u b l i c ; m o n k s w e re a sh a m e d to rinse. I a llo w , m o n k s, th re e (k in d s of) fe n c e s to fe n c e th e m in : a fen ce o f b rick s , a fen ce o f sto n e s, a fe n ce o f w o o d ." T h e vessel fo r th e w a te r fo r rin sin g w a s u n c o v e re d ; it w a s litte r e d o v e r w ith p o w d e re d g ra ss a n d d u st. " I a llo w , m o n k s, a li d ." 1 14 I I 35 ][__________ ____________________________________ * As at CV. V. 1 4 . 3. * Last two items also at CV. V. 4 As at CV. V. 1 4 . 3. 6 As at CV. V. 1 1 . 6. 4 As at CV. V. 1 4 . 5, 7 Allowed at MV. V. 8. 3.
1 p id h a r a .
11,

6.

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N o w a t th a t tim e th e g r o u p o f s ix m o n k s in d u lg e d in b a d h a b its lik e th is1 : t h e y p la n te d a n d c a u s e d to b e p la n te d sm a ll flo w erin g tre e s . . . a n d in d u lg e d in v a r io u s b a d h a b its . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r t o th e L o r d . H e s a id : " M o n k s, v a r io u s k in d s o f b a d h a b its sh o u ld n o t b e in d u lg e d in. W h o e v e r sh o u ld in d u lg e in th e m , sh o u ld b e d e a lt w ith a c c o rd in g t o th e r u le ."2 || 3 6 || N o w a t th e tim e w h e n K a s s a p a o f U r u v e la w e n t fo rth m a n y c o p p e r g o o d s, w o o d e n g o o d s, c la y g o o d s a c c ru e d to th e O rd er. T h e n it o c cu rre d to th e m o n k s : N o w , w h a t c o p p e r g o o d s a re a llo w e d b y th e L o r d , w h a t a re n o t a llo w e d ? W h a t w o o d en g o o d s a re a llo w e d , w h a t a re n o t a llo w e d ? W h a t c la y g o o d s a re a llo w e d , w h a t a re n o t a llo w e d ? " T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . T h e n th e L o r d on th is o c ca sio n , in th is c o n n e ctio n , h a v in g g iv e n re a so n e d t a lk , a d d re s se d th e m o n k s, s a y in g : " I a llo w , m o n k s, a ll c o p p e r g o o d s e x c e p t a w e a p o n ; a ll w o o d en g o o d s e x c e p t a s o fa ,3 [142] a d iv a n ,4 a w o o d e n b o w l ,6 w o o d e n s h o e s 6; a ll c la y g o o d s e x c e p t a (cla y-fo o t-) sc ru b b e r 7 a n d a la rg e e a rth e n v e s s e l ."8 || 3 7 j| T o ld is th e F if t h S e c tio n : t h a t on M in o r M a tte rs T h is is it s k e y : A g a in s t a tre e , a n d a g a in s t a p o s t, a n d a g a in s t a w a ll, on a ru b b in g -b o a rd (u sin g a) gandhci (-bba h a n d in stru m e n t), a strin g , h a v in g p lu n g e d in to , a sc ru b b e r, s c a b , a n d a g e , o r d in a r y m o d e w ith th e h a n d . 1 As at CV. I. 1 3 . 2 and For. Meeting. XIII. The passage has been translated at B . D . i. 314-318. * V A . 1214 says they should be dealt with by a p d c it t iy a for a p d c it t iy a matter and by a d u k k a ja for a d u k k a ta matter. * d s a n d i. See B . D . iii. 326, n. 1, and B . D . iv. 256, n. 5. 4 p a lla n k a . See B . D . iii. 271, n. 3. 6 See definition of bowl at B . D . ii. 1 1 5 , 415, iii. 213. At CV. V. 8 . 2 it is made a d u k k a ta to use a wooden bowl. 6 C f . MV. V. 6. 4 (k a tth a p a d u k a ), above d d r u p d d u k a . 7 k a ta k a . See CV. V. 2 2 . 1 . * k u m b h a k d r ik a . V A . 1215 says this is a hut made entirely of clay like Dhaniyas. Dhaniya's story is told at the beginning of Defeat II.

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A n d also e a r-o m a m e n ts, ch a in s, o rn a m e n ta l strin g s o f b e a d s fo r th e th r o a t 1 sh o u ld n o t be w o rn , o rn a m e n ta l g ird le s, b a n g le s, a rm le ts, b ra c e le ts , fin g er rin g s. L o n g , w ith a c o m b , w ith a s n a k e 's h o o d in stru m e n t, w ith th e h a n d s, w ith b e e s w a x , w ith o ily w a te r , sores in a m irro r a n d b o w l o f w a te r, o in tm e n t, w ith p a s te a n d ch u n a n , T h e y sm e a re d ,2 a n d p a in tin g th e lim b s, p a in tin g th e fa c e s, b o th th ese, disease o f th e e y e s , a n d th e m o u n ta in to p , lo n g -d ra w n , in to n in g ,3 o u tsid e ,3 M ango p e e ls, w ith w h o le (m a n g o es), a sn a k e , a n d h e c u t off, sa n d a l w o o d , v a rio u s k in d s, b a se s o f b o w ls, g o ld , th ic k , ja g s , C a rv e d , w a s sp o ile d 4, n a s ty sm ellin g , in th e h e a t, w ere b ro k e n , b y a so lid b e n c h , p la ste r flo o rin g, g ra ss (m at), p ie ce o f c lo th , a s ta n d , a n d on a w ic k e r sta n d , A b a g , a n d a s tr a p a t th e e d g e , th r e a d m a d e fo r ty in g , a peg, a n d on a c o u ch , a n d on a c h a ir, o n a la p , in a su n sh a d e, o p en ed , A g o u rd , a w a te r -p o t, a sk u ll, o d d b its , w a s te -tu b , sp lit o p e n , 5 h a n d le , g o ld , fe a th e rs a n d rin d , a tu b e , A n d y e a s t, b a rle y -m e a l, p o w d e re d sto n e , b e e s w a x , g u m , m issh ap en a t th e c o m e rs , ty in g , u n e v e n p la c e , on th e g ro u n d , o ld 5 a n d w a s (not) e n o u g h ,6 A m a rk , a n d a fa lse th re a d , u n w a sh e d , d a m p , sa n d a ls, fingers, a n d a th im b le , a sm a ll b o w l, a b a g , ty in g s , In th e o p en a ir, lo w to th e g ro u n d , a n d a lso a p ilin g ,th e y w ere in c o n v e n ie n c e d , th e y fe ll off, p o w d e re d g ra ss, a sm e a rin g in sid e a n d o u t, 1 Reading above is k a riria su tta m , an ornamental string hanging from the ear Oldenberg at V i n . ii. 320 queries whether it should not be k a xtth a sutta ip (see CV. V. 2 . 1) which is the reading in the Sinh. and Siam, editions. 3 Text here la n c a n i i ; at CV. V. 2 . 5, as also in Sinh. edn. la H c h e n ti . Siam. edn. la n c e n t i. * These two words, run together as sara-bdhiraryt, stand for sa ra b h a U H a and bdliiralomi (CV. V. 3 . 2 and 4 ). 4 Reading should be d u s s a ii as at CV. V- 9 . 3 and Sinh. and Siam*, edns., not as with Oldenberg d u s s a n ti. 5 v ip p a r i. Sinh. edn. v ip p h d l i and Siam. edn. v ip h a li . A t CV. V. 1 1 . 1 it is v ip d tetv d . 6 Text reads j i r a - p a t o t i c a ; Sinh. edn. jifir ia tft p a h o ti c a ; Siam. edn.
ji r a p p a h o t i ca .

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W h ite w a s h a n d tr e a tm e n t w ith b la c k c o lo u rin g a n d re d c h a lk , w re a th w o rk c re e p e rw o rk sw o rd fish te e th s trip s (o f c lo th )1 A n d a b a m b o o a n d c o rd fo r ro b e* th e L e a d e r a llo w e d (these). A n d t h e y w e n t a w a y h a v in g le ft, a kathina fra m e w a s sp lit, W a s tw is te d o u t o f p o s itio n ,2 a n d o n to a w a ll, t h e y w e n t a lo n g ta k in g in a b o w l, a b a g , a n d a th re a d fo r ty in g , h a v in g tie d , s a n d a ls ,3 O n a ro a d w a te r th a t w a s n o t a llo w a b le , stra in e r, lit t le p ie c e o f c lo th , re g u la tio n w a te r-p o t, tw o m o n k s, th e S a g e re a ch ed V e sa li, D o u b le (w a te r-stra in er), filte r, h e a llo w e d a stra in e r. B y m o sq u ito es, v e r y ill th ro u g h s u m p tu o u s (foods) a n d J iv a k a , [143] P la c e fo r p a c in g u p a n d d o w n in, b a th ro o m , in an u n e v e n p lace, lo w to th e g ro u n d , th re e p ilin g s, th e y w ere in c o n v e n ie n c e d , sta irs, b a lu s tra d e , ra ilin g , I n th e op en a ir, p o w d e re d g ra ss, a s m e a rin g in sid e a n d o u t w h ite w a sh a n d tre a tm e n t w ith b la c k c o lo u rin g a n d red c h a lk W r e a th w o r k c re e p e rw o rk sw o rd fish te e th s trip s (of c lo th )4 b a m b o o a n d c o rd fo r ro b es, a n d it m a y b e b u ilt h ig h to th e gro u n d , A p ilin g , sta irc a se a n d b a lu s tr a d e ,5 a d o o r, d o o rp o s t a n d lin te l, a h o llo w lik e a m o rta r, a sm a ll u p p e r p ro je c tio n , a n d a p o st, a " m o n k e y s h e a d , A p in , a (stic k u sed a s a) b o lt, a k e y h o le , a n d p u llin g th ro u g h , a co rd , a fa c in g , a n d a p ip e fo r ste a m , a n d in th e m id d le , c la y fo r th e fa ce, A n d n a s ty s m e llin g ,6it sco rc h e d , a r e c e p ta c le fo r w a te r ,7 a sau cer, 1 Text reads paiika ; Siam. edn. pdtikatn ; Sinh. edn. pattika ; CV. V. 11. 6 and similar passages pancapatthikaip. P .E .D * takes pattika pattaka made of or forming a strip of ciotb ; a bandage, a stiip (of cloth)/* Thus pancapatthika may be a design : the five strips (of cloth) design. 1 vinivethiya ; Siam. edn. vinivethiyati. a Sinh. edn. here inserts upahanattkavikan ca amsabandkanasuttakant, bag for sandals and thread or tying at the edge ; and Siam. edn. updhanatthavikaH ca arnsavaddhan ca suttakam, bag for sandals and a strap at the edge and thread. 4 Text here reads makarantaka&atikam, but Sinh. edn. makaradantaka paitikam and Siam, makaradantapatikam. 5 bah a here stands for dlambanabaha. 4 Siam. edn. this word is preceded by doni, a tub or a trough, and in Sinh. edn. by mattikado&i, a tub for clay, as at *CV. V. 14 . 3. 7 Text reads udakdtara , Siam. edn. udakhdnaiyi, and Sinh. edn. udakddhanarn, with which cf. Bias udakanidhdna on CV. V. 14. 3, p. 166 above (udakafthdna ), and also cf. udakddhdna at M . i. 414.

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an d it d id n o t m a k e th em sw e a t, s w a m p y , to w a sh , one m a y m a k e a d ra in , A n d a c h a ir ,1 a b o u t a p o rch , w o r k ,2 g r a v e l, sto n e s, a d rain , n a k ed , on th e g ro u n d , w h en it ra in e d , th re e c o v e rin g s th ere, A w ell, a n d it fe ll in ,3 b y m ea n s o f a cre e p e r ,4 b y m ean s of a w a istb a n d , a w ell-sw eep , h a n d -w h e el, a w h eel, m a n y vessels w ere b ro k en , C o p p er, w o o d en , strip s o f anim als* h id e s, a h a ll, g ra ss, a lid, a tro u g h , a pool, a fen ce, s w a m p y , a n d a b o u t a d ra in , C o o led d o w n , a ta n k , a n d sta le , w ith a c u r v in g roof, fo r fo u r m o n th s, a n d la y d o w n to sleep , a n d a piece o f fe lt, a n d it sh o u ld n o t be a llo tte d , C h a se d (cushions), a s ta n d ,6 e a tin g t h e y w o u ld sh are one, V acjd h a, a n d B o d h i, tr e a d on it, little ja r, (c la y foot-) scru b b e r, bro o m , S to n e p e b b le a n d scu m a s a fo o t-ru b b e r, fa n , p a lm y ra -w h isk , a n d also a m o sq u ito fa n , a c h o w ry , S u n sh ad e, a n d 7 w ith o u t, in a m o n a s te ry th e th r e e 8 w ith strin g , a g ree m e n t, ru m in a to r, lu m p s o f b o ile d rice, lo n g nails, th e y c u t, p a in fu l fingers. D o w n to th e b lo o d , a n d to th e h e ig h t, th e tw e n ty , lo n g -h a ired , ra zo r, w h e tsto n e , ra zo r-ca se , p ie ce o f fe lt, a b a rb e r's e q u ip m e n t, T h e y trim m e d b eard s, t h e y le t th e m g ro w , g o a t 's b e a rd , fo u r co rn ere d a rra n g e m e n t, on th e ir c h e sts a n d on th e ir sto m a c h s, w h isk e rs, re m o v e d th e h a ir on th e ir b o d ies, Illn ess, scissors, a sore, lo n g , a n d w ith a p iece o f c r y s ta l, g r e y h a ir, sto p p e d , a n d v a r io u s k in d s o f c o p p e r g o o d s, a store,
1 R e a d i n g p lt h a m w it h S in h - e d n . i n s t e a d o f t e x t 's p lt h e . * T h i s m u s t r e f e r t o t h e v v r e a th w o r k a n d c r e e p e r w o r k m e n t io n e d in C V . V . 8 R e a d in g l u j j a t i w it h S in h . a n d S ia m , e d n s ., in s t e a d o f t e x t 's lu jja - t i& i. 4 v a lliy d ; a t C V . V . 10. 2 v a ilik d y a . * C V . V . 19. 1 a n d S ia m . e d n . tn a lo rik a n t ; a b o v e tn a lo ra k a m ; S in h . e d n . m a lo jik a m . b * T ext r e a d s b h u n ja n to k a tu v a ita y y u m ; S in h . e d n . b h u H ja n t * eka tu v a ttik a m ; S i a m . e d n . b h u n ja n t* eka tn tu v a fta y u fjt. 7 R e a d ca w i t h S in g , a n d S ia m , e d n s ., in s t e a d o f t e x t 's va. 8 T h is r e f e r s t o t h r e e (o f t h e fo u r ) r u lin g s la id d o w n a t C V . V . 23. 2, 3 fo r t h e u s e o f s u n s h a d e s : ( 1 ) a llo w e d , (2) n o t a llo w e d , (3 ) a llo w e d ( o n ly ) t o a n i n v a lid , (4) a llo w e d t o b e u s e d b y a m o n k w h e t h e r ill o r w e ll in a m o n a s t e r y a n d m o n a s t e r y p r e c in c t s . ^ * n ic a y a , S in h . e d n . n ic a y d , t e x t n is a h a . S ia m . e d n . lo h a b h a n ^ a n k h a n i s a h a . S in h . e d n . in s e r t s b e t w e e n t h i s w o r d a n d " lo llin g b a n d h a n a m a ita tjt k u k k u c c d , (to o ) s c r u p u lo u s ( t o u s e ) a h a n d le , s e e n . a t C V . V . 28. 2 a b o v e .

14 4*

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A n d lo llin g , a b a n d a g e , s tr in g s ,1 tic k e ts , (w a ist-)b a n d , th ose o f m a n y stra n d s, lik e th e h e a d o f a w a te r-s n a k e , lik e ta m b o u rin e d ru m s, th o se lik e c h a in s ,2 P a lm y r a w h isk , h u n d re d ju n g le -ro p e s ,3 h a v in g p u t on h o u s e h o ld e rs 1 u p p er g a rm e n ts, loin clo th s, d o u b le c a rry in g -p o le , to o th w o o d , on flic k in g , L o d g e d in th e th ro a t, a n d a fo re s t, c o u n te rfire , a tre e , a n d b y a n e le p h a n t, Y a m e lu (and T e k u la ),4 t h e y le a rn t m e ta p h y s ic s , t h e y ta u g h t it* [144] W o r ld ly k n o w le d g e ,6 he sn eezed , g o o d lu c k , a n d h e a te , a fflic tio n o f w in d , a n d it w a s so ile d , n a s t y sm e llin g , p a in fu l, shoes, T h e y w ere a sh am ed , n a s ty sm e llin g (un-) c o v e r e d , 6 a n d th e y d id it h ere a n d th e re , n a s ty sm ellin g , cessp oo l, it fe ll in , 7 h ig h t o th e g ro u n d , a n d a b o u t a p ilin g , S ta irc a s e , b a lu stra d e , in sid e, p a in fu l a n d sh oes, o u tsid e, a tu b a n d w o o d , a n d a s t ic k ,8 u n c o v e re d , A h u t to r th e p r iv y , b o th a d o o r a s w e ll a s a d o o rp o st a n d lin tel, a h o llo w lik e a m o rta r, an u p p e r p r o je c tio n , a p o st, a n d a m o n k e y 's h e a d , A pin, a b o lt, a k e y h o le , a n d a h o le fo r p u llin g (cord) th ro u g h as w e ll as
1 T e x t p a ta m ; S in h . e d n . a n d C V . V . 28. 2 v a ta m . 8 S in h . a n d S ia m . e d n s . h e r e h a v e t h e f o l lo w in g : p a ttik a m ( S ia m , p a ttik a ) s iik a r a n ta n c a } dasd m u r a ja -v e p ik d ( S ia m , m u r a jja -) p a v a n a n to p i j i r a t i / g a n th ik a m u cca v a ca ii ca p h a la k a n te p i ogahe g ih in iv a tth a r n h a ttk is o n g a m m a cch a k a tn ca tu k a n n a k a r n f ( S ia m , g ih iv a tth a rn scm darn m a cch a v a la k a rn c a tu k k a n n a k a m ) a s t r ip o f c o t t o n c l o t h a n d o n e w i t h a w e ll m a d e e n d / b o r d e r s , lik e t a m b o u r in e d r u m s , a t w i s t i n g (v e n ik d , p r o b a b l y fo r so b h a n a a t C V . V . 29. 2 ), a n e n d , a n d k n o t t i n g t h e r e s t , a ls o w h e r e i t w a s lo o p e d , / i t w o r e o u t , a b l o c k , a n d v a r io u s k in d s , a ls o s h ie ld s a n d e d g e s , t a k i n g b a c k , / h o u s e h o ld e r s ' u n d e r g a r m e n t s : t h e e le p h a n t 's t r u n k , t h e fis h a r r a n g e m e n t , t h e f o u r c o r n e r e d a r r a n g e m e n t . T h i s c o v e r s C V . V . 29. 2 - 4 ( b e g in n in g ) , a n d c l e a r l y s h o u ld b e in s e r te d . 3 R e a d in g w it h S in h . e d n . s a ta v a llim , in s t e a d o f sa ta v a li a b o v e . 4 T e x t r e a d s Y a m e j e , w h ic h I t a k e t o b e a p lu r a l o f Y a m e l a a n d T e k u l a . " B u t S in h . e d n . r e a d s Y a m e l a . S ia m . S a k a t e , w i t h v .l. Y a m e l e . S e e n o te a b o v e t o C V . V . 33. 1 . * * 6 T e x t a n d S i a m . e d n . tir a c c h d n a k a th d . I f o l lo w S in h . tira cch a n a g a td v ij j a s in c e t h e r e is n o m e n t io n o f t a l k ** in C V . V . 33. 2. ' e paru. 7 S h o u ld r e a d l u j j a t i a s in S in h . a n d S i a m , e d n s ., n o t l u j j a n t i a s in t e x t . 8 C V . V . 35. 3 p id h a r o ; a b o v e p id h d r o ; S in h . e d n . p ld h a r o ; S i a m . e d n . pltha.ro .

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a co rd , a sm ea rin g in sid e a n d o u t, w h ite w a s h a n d b la c k co lo u rin g W re a th w o rk c re e p e rw o rk sw o rd fish fiv e strip s o f c lo th (design) a b a m b o o a n d a c o rd fo r ro b es, w e a k th ro u g h a g e , a fen ce, A n d a b o u t a p o rch , as b e fo re , a n d g r a v e l, flagsto n es, (w ater) re m a in e d , a d ra in , a n d also a ve sse l, a sa u cer. P a in fu l, sh am e, a lid , a n d t h e y in d u lg e d in b a d h a b its. H e a llo w e d c o p p e r g o o d s a w e a p o n b e in g e x ce p te d . A so fa a n d d iv a n , a w o o d e n b o w l a n d sh oes b e in g e x c e p te d th e G r a a t S a g e a llo w e d a ll (other) g o o d s m a d e o f w o o d . A n d th e T ru th -fin d e r, a (c la y fo o t-) sc ru b b e r a n d a n e a rth e rn v e sse l h a v in g been e x c e p te d , co m p a ssio n a te , a llo w e d a lso a ll (other) g o o d s m a d e o f c la y . T h e c h a r a c te r o f w h a te v e r m a tte r , if e q u a l to th e p re ced in g , eve n if it is b rief, is k n o w n fro m th e c o n te x t in th e k e y . T h u s th e h u n d re d a n d te n m a tte rs in th e M in o r M a tte rs in th e d iscip lin e are b a se d on w h a t is dham m a in d e e d a lso th e re is h e lp fo r th e w e ll b e h a v e d . T h e e x p e rt in d iscip lin e is w e ll tra in e d , fr ie n d ly in m in d , v e r y w e ll b e h a v e d , b rin g in g lig h t, s te a d fa s t, w o r th y o f h o n o u r, o n e w h o h a s h e a rd m u ch . [145]

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A t one tim e th e A w a k e n e d O n e, th e L o rd w a s s ta y in g a t R a ja g a h a in th e B a m b o o G ro v e a t th e sq u irre ls' fe e d in g p la c e . N o w a t th a t tim e lo d g in g s h a d n o t b e en p e r m itte d to m o n k s b y th e L o rd . So th ese m o n k s s ta y e d h ere a n d th e re : in a fo rest, a t th e ro o t o f a tree, on a h illsid e , in a g le n , in a m o u n ta in c a v e , in a c e m e te ry , in a fo rest g la d e , in th e o p e n air, on a h e a p o f s tr a w .1 E a r ly in th e m o rn in g s th e se w e n t o u t fro m th is a n d th a t p la c e : fro m th e fo re s t . . . fro m th e h e a p o f stra w , p le a sin g w h e n a p p ro a c h in g a n d w h e n re ce d in g , w h e n lo o k in g b e fo re , w h e n lo o k in g b a c k , w h e n b e n d in g b a c k (th eir arm s), w h en stre tc h in g th e m o u t, th e ir e y e s c a s t d o w n a n d possessed o f p le a sa n t b e h a v io u r .2 |j i || N o w a t th a t tim e a (great) m e rc h a n t o f R a ja g a h a w e n t e a r ly one m o rn in g to a p le a su re g r o v e .3 T h e (great) m e rc h a n t o f R a ja g a h a s a w th e se m o n k s g o in g o u t fro m th is a n d th a t p la c e : fro m a fo rest . * . . fro m a h e a p o f s tr a w , ? n d se e in g th e m he m a d e u p h is m in d ,4 T h e n th e (great) m e rc h a n t o f R a ja g a h a a p p ro a c h e d th o se m o n k s ; h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d , h e s p o k e th u s to th o se m o n k s : I f I , r e v e re d sirs, w e re to h a v e d w e llin g p la c e s b u ilt, w o u ld y o u s t a y in m y d w e llin g -p la c e s ? " H o u seh o ld er, d w e llin g -p la c e s h a v e n o t b e e n a llo w e d b y th e L o r d . W e ll th e n , re v e re d sirs, h a v in g in q u ir e d o f th e L o rd , te ll m e (w h a t h e s a y s ) . " V e r y w ell, h o u se h o ld e r, a n d th e s e m o n k s, h a v in g a n sw e re d th e (great) m e rc h a n t o f R a ja g a h a in a sse n t, a p p r o a c h e d th e L o r d ; h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d th e L o r d , h a v in g g r e e te d h im , t h e y sa t d o w n a t a re sp e c tfu l d istan ce* A s t h e y w e re s ittin g d o w n a t a re sp e c tfu l d ista n c e , th e s e m o n k s s p o k e th u s t o th e L o r d : L o r d > th e (great) m e rc h a n t o f R a ja g a h a is a n x io u s to h a v e 1 C f. same list at D . i. 71, M . iii. 3, A . ii. 210, and a shorter one at A . i. 241 The- * ns are defined at D A 209-210, V b h A . 366-7. \ or less stock; cf. V in . iii, 181, Z > * i. 70, M . iii. 35, 90, A . ii, 104, \d at
Vin. iv. 298. \ia*n pasidi, his mind

became clear or brigbt.

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d w e llin g -p la ce s b u ilt. W h a t lin e o f c o n d u c t sh o u ld b e fo llo w ed b y us, L o r d ? T h e n th e L o rd on th is o ccasio n h a v in g g iv e n reaso n ed t a lk a d d ressed th e m o n k s, s a y in g : " I a llo w , m o n k s, fiv e (kin d s of) a b o d e s r1 a d w e llin g -p la c e , a c u r v e d h o u se, a lo n g h o u se ,2 a m a n sio n ,3 a c a v e . 4 || 2 || T h e n [146] th ese m o n k s a p p ro a c h e d th e (great) m e rch a n t o f R a j a g a h a ; h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d , t h e y sp o k e th u s to th e (great) m e rc h a n t o f R a ja g a h a : H o u se h o ld e r, d w e llin g -p la ce s h a v e been a llo w ed b y th e L o rd . D o n o w w h a t seem s r ig h t.1' T h en th e (great) m e rc h a n t o f R a ja g a h a h a d s i x t y d w e llin g p la ces e sta b lish e d on one d a y alo n e . W h e n th e (great) m e rch a n t o f R a j a g a h a h a d h a d th e se s i x t y d w e llin g -p la c e s fin ish ed he a p p ro a c h e d th e L o r d ; h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d , h a v in g g re e te d th e L o rd , h e s a t d o w n a t a re s p e c tfu l d is ta n c e . A s h e w a s s ittin g d ow n a t a re sp e c tfu l d ista n c e , th e (great) m e rc h a n t o f R a ja g a h a sp o k e th u s to th e L o r d : L o rd , m a y th e L o rd co n se n t to a m eal w ith m e on th e m o rro w to g e th e r w ith th e O rd e r o f m o n k s . T h e L o rd c o n se n te d b y b e c o m in g sile n t. T h e n th e (great) m e rch a n t o f R a ja g a h a , h a v in g u n d e rsto o d th e L o r d s co n sen t, risin g fro m h is se a t d e p a rte d k e e p in g h is rig h t side to w a rd s h im . |j 3 || ' T h e n th e (great) m e rc h a n t o f R a ja g a h a , h a v in g h a d su m p tu o u s fo o d s, so lid a n d s o ft, p re p a re d to w a rd s th e en d o f th a t n ig h t, h a d th e tim e a n n o u n c e d to th e L o rd , s a y in g : I t is tim e, L o rd , th e m e a l is r e a d y ." T h e n th e L o rd , h a v in g d ressed in th e m o rn in g , ta k in g h is b o w l a n d ro b e, a p p ro a c h e d th e d w e llin g o f th e (great) m e rc h a n t o f R a ja g a h a ; h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d , h e s a t d o w n on th e a p p o in te d se a t to g e th e r w ith th e O rd e r o f m o n k s. T h e n th e (great) m e rc h a n t o f R a ja g a h a , h a v in g w ith h is o w n h a n d s e rv e d a n d sa tisfie d th e O rd e r of m o n ks w ith th e A w a k e n e d O n e a t its h e a d w ith su m p tu o u s food s, so lid a n d so ft, s a t d o w n a t a re sp e c tfu l d is ta n c e w h en th e L o rd h a d eaten a n d h a d w ith d ra w n h is h a n d fro m his b o w l. A s he w a s s ittin g d o w n a t a re s p e c tfu l d is ta n c e th e (great)
1 C f . M V . 1 . 80. 4 , a n d a ls o B . D . ii. 1 6 , n . 6 (o n p . 1 7 ) . 1 S e e B . D , ii. 1 6 , n . 5. P d s d d a is a g a in c a l le d d lg h a p d s a d a a t V A . 1 2 1 5 , on a b o v e p assa ge. # # , 8 h a m m iy a . S e e B . D . ii. 1 6 , n . 6 . V A . 1 2 1 5 s a y s ** a h a m m iy a is lik e a p d s d d a w i t h a c h a m b e r p la c e d o n t h e t o p m o s t o p e n - a ir f l o o r ." ^ 4 V A . 1 2 1 5 s a y s a c a v e , g u h d , in b r ic k s , in s t o n e s , in w o o d , in l a t e r it e , p a m s u . O n p a tjts u a s m e a n in g " l a t e r i t e " in t h i s c o n n e c t io n s e e A . K . C o o m a r a s w a m y , I n d . A r c h ite c tu r a l T e r m s , J A O S ., v o l. 4 8 , n o . 3 , p . 2 6 6 .

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m e rch a n t o f R a ja g a h a sp o k e th u s to th e L o r d : L o rd , I h a d these s ix t y d w e llin g -p la c e s b u ilt b e ca u se I n e e d m e rit, b e cau se I need h e a v e n . W h a t line o f c o n d u c t a m I, L o rd , to fo llo w in re ga rd to th e se d w e llin g -p la c e s ? W e ll n o w , do y o u , h o u seh o ld er, e s ta b lis h th e se s i x t y d w e llin g -p la ce s fo r (the use of) th e O rd e r o f th e fo u r q u a r te r s ,1 p resen t a n d to c o m e / V e r y w ell, L o r d , a n d th e (great) m e rc h a n t o f R a ja g a h a , h a v in g a n sw e re d th e L o rd in a ssen t, h a d th o se s i x t y d w e llin g p la ce s e sta b lish e d fo r (th e use of) th e O rd e r o f th e fo u r q u a rte rs, p re se n t a n d to co m e. || 4 |) T h e n th e L o rd th a n k e d th e (great) m e rc h a n t o f R a ja g a h a in th ese ve rse s :2 T h e y w a rd o ff c o ld a n d h e a t a n d b e a s ts o f p r e y fro m th e re A n d c ree p in g th in g s a n d g n a ts a n d ra in s in th e w e t season . W h en th e d re a d e d h o t w in d arises, t h a t is w a rd e d off. T o m e d ita te a n d o b ta in in sig h t in a re fu g e a n d a t ease : A d w e llin g -p la c e is p ra ise d b y th e A w a k e n e d O n e as c h ie f g ift to a n O rd er. T h e re fo re a w ise m a n , lo o k in g to h is o w n w e a l, S h o u ld h a v e c h a rm in g d w e llin g -p la c e s b u ilt so t h a t th o se w h o h a v e h e a rd m u c h c a n s t a y th e re in .3 [14 7] T o th e se 4 fo o d a n d d rin k , ra im e n t a n d lo d g in g s H e sh o u ld g iv e , to th e u p r ig h t, w ith m in d p u rifie d . (Then) th e se 5 te a c h h im dham m a d is p e llin g e v e r y i l l ; H e, k n o w in g t h a t dham m a , h ere a tta in s n ib b a n a , c a n k e rle ss .6 T h e n th e L o rd , h a v in g g iv e n th a n k s to th e (great) m e rc h a n t o f R a ja g a h a in th e se v e rse s, risin g fro m his s e a t, d e p a rte d ,
tl 5 II 1 II

P e o p le h e a rd : I t is sa id t h a t d w e llin g -p la c e s are a llo w e d b y th e L o r d , a n d t h e y z e a lo u s ly h a d d w e llin g -p la c e s b u ilt. T h e se d w e llin g -p la c e s d id n o t h a v e d o o rs, a n d sn a k e s , sco rp io n s a n d ce n tip e d e s g o t in. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd .
1 * * 4 6 * S e e S . D u t t , E a r ly B u d . A fo n a c h is m , p p . 8 3 ff., 1 3 1 , 14 3 . A s a t C V . V I . 9* 2 b e lo w , a n d J d . i. 93* D A . i. 3 0 4 , C f. M iln . 2 1 1 . F o r t h i s lin e a n d n e x t , cf. S . i. 10 0. T h is lin e a n d n e x t a t A . iii. 4 1 , 4 3 . C f . t h is lin e w it h S n . 7 6 5 .

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H e sa id : I a llo w , m o n k s, a d o o r / H a v in g m a d e a h o le in th e w a ll, th e y tie d on th e d o o r w ith ju n g le cree p e r a n d w ith co rd , b u t th e se w ere e a te n b y r a ts a n d w h ite a n ts a n d w h en th e ty in g s w ere e a te n th e d o ors fe ll d o w n . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : I a llo w , m o n k s, a d o o rp o st a n d lin te l, a h o llo w lik e a m o rta r (for th e d o or to re v o lv e in) a sm all u p p e r p ro je c tio n . 1 T h e d oors d id n o t m e e t. I a llo w , m o n k s, a h o le fo r p u llin g th ro u g h (th e co rd ), co rd fo r p u llin g th r o u g h . 1 T h e d o ors c o u ld n o t be clo sed . " I a llo w , m o n k s, a p o st fo r th e b o lt, a * m o n k e y s h e a d / a p in (to secure th e b o lt), a s tic k (used as a b o lt ). 1 N o w a t th a t tim e m o n k s w e re n o t a b le to o p e n a door. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o r d . H e sa id : I a llo w , m o n ks, a k e y h o le a n d th re e (kin d s of) k e y s : a c o p p e r k e y , a w o o d en k e y , a h o rn k e y . B u t th e d w e llin g -p la c e s w ere u n g u a rd e d 2 w h en th o se w h o , h a v in g u n fa ste n e d 3 (the d oors), e n te red . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e s a i d : I a llo w , m o n ks, a b o lt a n d a pin (to secu re th e b o lt ). 4 J |x | J N o w a t th a t tim e d w e llin g -p la c e s w e re ro o fe d w ith g ra ss ; th e y w ere c o ld in th e c o ld w e a th e r, h o t in th e h o t w e a th e r. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : ! I a llo w y o u , m o n ks, h a v in g la sh e d on (a ro o fin g), to g iv e it a sm e a rin g in sid e a n d o u t . 5 N o w a t th a t tim e d w e llin g -p la c e s h a d n o w in d o w s .6 T h e y w e re b a d fo r th e e y e s a n d n a s t y sm ellin g . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : I a llo w , m o n k s, th ree (kinds of) w in d o w s : a ra ilin g w in d o w ,7 a la ttic e w in d o w ,8 a s tic k w in d o w . 9 S q u irre ls a n d b a ts g o t th ro u g h th e sp aces

1 O n t h e s e it e m s s e e C V . V . 14. 3. 2 a g u tta , a s w e r e t h e l o d g in g s a t C V . V I I I . 3. 1. 3 ugghatetvd, a s a t C V . V I I I . 1. 1 o f t h e g h a tik d , s t i c k u s e d a s a b o lt . * y a n ta k a tji s iic ik a m . V A . 12 16 sa y s W h a t e v e r o n e s e e s t h a t is a y a n ta k a , a n d o n e c a n m a k e a p in t o o p e n it.** C f . y a n ta k a m d e ti, t o s e c u r e t h e b o lt , t o lo c k u p , a t D h A . i. 22 0 . 6 A s a t C V . V . 11. 6 : V . 14. 3 , e t c . _ * P r o b a b l y w in d o w h o le s , b e c a u s e t h e a b o v e w o r d , v d ta p d n a , is u s e d a t V in . iv . 4 7 t o e x p l a i n d lo k a s a n d h i , t h e h o le s f o r l i g h t a n d a ir . V d ta p d n a m e n t io n e d a t M V . I . 25. 1 8 . _ 7 v ed ik d v d ta p d n a . V A . 1 2 1 6 s a y s l i k e t h e r a ilin g o f a s h r in e . S o , a g r ille in a r a ilin g p a t t e r n . S e e A . K . C o o m a r a s w a m y , I n d . A r c h ite c tu r a l T e r m s, J A O S . v o l. 48, n o . 3 , p . 2 7 3 f o r s h o r t d is c u s s io n o f t h e s e t h r e e t y p e s o f w in d o w s . 8 jd la v d ta p d n a . V A . 1 2 1 6 s a y s s o m e t h in g t i e d n e t w is e , s o a l a t t ic e . * sa ld k a v d ta p d n a . V A . 1 2 1 6 s a y s a l i t t l e p o s t o r p i l la r w in d o w . T h ese w o r d s w ill b e m o r e r e a d il y u n d e r s t o o d i f i t is r e m e m b e r e d t h a t v d ta p d n a i s a n a p e r t u r e a n d n o t w h a t c lo s e s i t .

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in th e w in d o w s. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : I a llo w , m o n k s, d r a p e r y 1 a c ro ss th e w in d o w s ." S q u irre ls a n d b a ts g o t in e v e n th ro u g h th e d r a p e r y . I a llo w , m o n k s, s h u tte rs 2 a cross th e w in d o w s, little b o ls te rs 3 a cro ss th e w in dow<=. || 2 j| N o w a t th a t tim e m o n k s la y d o w n to sleep on th e g ro u n d a n d th e ir lim b s a n d ro b es w ere so ile d w ith d u st. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : I a llo w , m o n k s, a g ra ss m a ttin g . T h e g ra ss m a ttin g [148] w a s e a te n b y r a ts a n d w h ite a n ts. I a llo w , m o n k s, a so lid b e n c h . 4 B e c a u s e of th e so lid b e n ch th e ir lim b s b e ca m e p a in fu l. I a llo w , m o n k s, a little c o u ch o f sp lit b a m b o o . 5 N o w a t th a t tim e a b ie rlik e lo n g c o u c h 6 a c c ru e d to a n O rd er. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : I a llo w , m o n k s, a lo n g c o u c h . A lo n g c h a ir a c cru e d . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : I a llo w , m o n k s , a lo n g c h a ir ." N o w a t th a t tim e a b ie rlik e c o u c h w ith s la t s 7 a c cru e d to a n O rd er . . . a c h a ir w ith s la ts . . . a b ie rlik e c o u ch w ith c u r v e d le g s 8 . . . a ch a ir w ith c u r v e d le g s . . . a b ie rlik e c o u c h w ith re m o v e a b le legs . . . a c h a ir w ith re m o v e a b le legs a c cru e d . I a llo w , m o n k s, a c h a ir w ith re m o v e a b le le g s .
il 3 II

N o w a t th a t tim e a r e c ta n g u la r c h a ir 10 a c c ru e d to a n O rd er. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : I a llo w , m o n ks, a re c ta n g u la r c h a ir . A ta ll r e c ta n g u la r c h a ir 11 a c c ru e d . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e s a id : I a llo w , m o n k s,

1 cakkalika. th e fe e t. '
* k a v d ta k a .

V A , 12 16 says " I allow yo u to tie on clo th used for w iping

* bhisikd. C f . B .D . ii. 47, n. 1 on bhisi. 4 m idhi . See C V . V . 9 . 4. V A . 1 2 1 6 here explains b y plthaphalaka. ^ 6 bidalamaricaka. Cf. J d . i. 9, D h A . i. 135 where m entioned as a fe a tu ie in th e life of one who has gone forth. V A . 1 2 16 says a tw ig cou ch or one w oven w ith bam boo chips. mas&raka defined in P a c. 14. F or notes on these four kind s of couches and chairs see B .D . ii. 240. 7 bundikabaddha, defined in P ac. 14, as are also th e n e x t tw o term s. kuhrapddaka. % ahaccapddaka. 10 asandika. V A . 1216, reading dsandhika , says it is called a four-cornered (or squaie, caturassa) chair. Cf. K h A . 44. 1 1 uccako asandiko.

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e v e n 1 a ta ll re c ta n g u la r c h a ir . 2 A th re e -sid e d (co u ch )8 a ccru e d . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e s a id : I a llo w , m on ks, a th re e -sid e d (co u ch ). A ta ll th re e -sid e d (couch) a ccru e d . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r t o th e L o rd . H e sa id : " I a llo w , m o n k s, e v e n a ta ll th re e -sid e d (co u ch ). A p la ite d c h a ir 4 a c cru e d . . . a c lo th c h a ir 6 . . . a sheep-footed c h a ir . . . a s ta lk s o f th e e m b lic m y ro b a la n c h a ir 7 . . . a w o o d en (ch air )8 . . . a sto o l* . . . a stra w c h a ir a c cru e d to an O rd er. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : I a llo w , m o n k s, a s tr a w c h a ir . || 4 || N o w a t th a t tim e th e g ro u p o f s ix m o n k s la y d o w n to sleep on h ig h co u ch es. P e o p le to u rin g th e lo d g in g s, h a v in g seen th e m . . . sp rea d it a b o u t, s a y in g : " L ik e h o u seh o ld ers w h o e n jo y p lea su res o f th e se n ses. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e s a id : " M on ks, y o u sh o u ld n o t lie d o w n to sleep on h ig h co u ch es. W h o e v e r sh o u ld (so) lie d o w n to sleep , [149] th e re is a n o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g . N o w a t th a t tim e a c e rta in m o n k , ly in g d o w n to sleep on a lo w c o u ch , w a s b itte n b y a sn a k e . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : I a llo w , m o n k s, su p p o rts fo r th e co u ch e s . 10 N o w a t th a t tim e th e g ro u p o f s ix m o n k s u sed ta ll su p p o rts
1 p i , also meaning " too, also," but in view of the efforts made to prevent monks from using chairs, couches and beds that were too high, ** even *' seems a permissible translation* % V A . 1216 says a long chair is on a support eight finger-breadths (high), but if it exceeds that measure it should be called a rectangular chair. 8 sat tan ga, lit. seven limbs/ parts, members 01 constituents. V A . 1216 says that it is a couch that is finished, a support having been made towards three (of the) quarters." It therefore occupied three sides ot a square, and had four ends (two outei and two innei), making a total of seven parts. * baddhapitha. V A . 1216 says a chair made entirely of twigs. 5 plthikd. V A . 1216 says just a chair plaited in cloth. 4 elakapadaka. V A . 1216 says "having placed the upper parts of the legs in white woollen cloth round the wood, it is a finished chair like a slab for food, b h o j a n a p h a l a k a C f . kullrapadaka, lit. " crab-footer, for which see B .D . ii. 240, n. 4. 7 amdlakavantika pitha. V A . 1217 says this is a chair of many legs plaited in the manner (or on the pattern) of emblic myrobalan. 8 phalaka. See phalakapuha at Vin. iv. 40 and B . D . ii. 242, n. 5. Cf. apassenaphalaka at MV. I. 25 . 15, CV. VI. 20 . 2. koccha. See B . D . ii. 239, n. 1* and Old Comy's definition at B . D . ii. 240. On above passage V A . 1217, omitting made of bark,* saysmade of khus-khus, made of mwfl/a-grass (which at V A . 1217 reads puHjamaya)t made of reeds. 10 mancapafipddaka, as at MV. I. 25 , 16, CV. VIII. 1 . 3. See B . D . iv. 64, n. 4.

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fo r th e co u ch e s ; t h e y ro c k e d to a n d fro to g e th e r w ith th e ta ll su p p o rts fo r th e co u ch e s. f M o n k s, ta ll su p p o rts fo r co u ch es sh o u ld n o t b e u sed . W h o e v e r sh o u ld use th e m , th e re is an offence o f w ro n g -d o in g . I a llo w , m o n k s, a su p p o rt fo r a c o u ch to be e ig h t fin g e r-b re a d th s a t th e m o s t . 1 j| 5 || N o w a t th a t tim e th r e a d a c c ru e d to a n O rd er. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd , H e sa id : " I a llo w y o u , m o n ks, t o w e a v e a c o u c h / ' T h e en d s u se d u p m u c h th re a d . I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, h a v in g p ie rc e d th e e n d s ,2 to w e a v e sm a ll sq u a re s . 3 A p ie ce o f c o tto n c lo th a c cru e d . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to m a k e a c a r p e t . 4 A c o tto n quilt a c c ru e d to a n O rd er. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd , H e s a id : *' I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, h a v in g u n ra v e lle d it, to m a k e a s q u a ttin g m a t 6 o f th re e (k in d s of) c o tto n :7 c o tto n fro m trees, c o tto n fro m cree p e rs, c o tto n fro m g ra s s . N o w a t th a t tim e th e g ro u p o f s ix m o n k s u se d s q u a ttin g m a ts h a lf (th e size o f a m an 's) b o d y . P e o p le , to u r in g th e d w e llin g -p la ce s, h a v in g seen th e m . . , sp re a d it a b o u t, sa y in g : L ik e h o u seh o ld ers w h o e n jo y p le a su re s o f th e se n ses. T h e y t o ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e s a id : " M o n k s, s q u a ttin g m a ts h a lf (the size o f a m a n s) b o d y sh o u ld n o t b e u se d . W h o e v e r sh o u ld use o n e, th e re is a n o ffe n ce o f w ro n g -d o in g . I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to m a k e a s q u a ttin g m a t th e size o f a h e a d . 8 II 6 || N o w a t th a t tim e th e re c a m e to b e a fe s tiv a l on a m o u n ta in to p n e a r R a ja g a h a .0 P e o p le a rra n g e d m a ttre ss e s 10 fo r th e On this expression see B . D . ii. 240, n. 5 . " Legs ** is I think a better translation than " sides { V i n . T e x t s iii. 166-7). 3 aithapadaka as at M V . V I I I . 2 1. i . Perhaps meaning in thechequered board fashion/' a tth a p a d a , on which sea B . D . i. 316, n. 2. 4 c ilim ik d . See B . D . ii. 241, n. 8. V A . 1217 on above says " when the earth is treated with plaster, a c ilim ik d is called a covering, a tth a r a n a , for protecting the surface, c h a v i /' 6 t u lik a , as at M V . V . 10 . 4. b im b o h a n a . Similar allowance made at C V . V I . 14 . 7 tu la . See similar definition at V i n ., iv. 170 ( B . D . iii, 93, q .v . n. 2). V A . 1217 says cotton from any vegetable growth can be used for squatting mats, but apart from trees, creepers and grasses there is no other vegetable growth. 8 C f . V b h A . 365 which elaborates saying that in width it can be four standard finger breadths, in length the measure of the width of the couch. * See B . D . ii, 335, n. r. Phrase also occurs at C V . V . 2 . 6. 10 b h is i. See B . D . ii. 47, n. 1.
1 C f . Pac. 87. 8 ange v ijjh itv d .

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g re a t m in iste rs : m a ttre ss e s o f w o o l, m a ttre ss e s of c o tto n c lo th , m a ttre sses o f b a rk , m a ttre ss e s o f tin a -g rass, m a ttre ss e s o f le a v e s .1 W h e n th e fe s tiv a l w a s o v e r t h e y c o n v e y e d th e m a w a y h a v in g ta k e n off th e co v e rs. M o n k s sa w m u c h w o o l a n d c o tto n c lo th a n d b a rk a n d /iw a-grass a n d le a v e s th ro w n a w a y a t th e fe s tiv a l p la c e ; a n d se e in g it t h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e s a id : I a llo w , m o n k s, fiv e (k in d s of) m a t t resses : a m a ttre s s o f w o o l . . . o f c o tto n c lo th . . . o f b a r k . . . o f m -grass, a m a ttre ss o f le a v e s . N o w a t th a t tim e w o v e n c lo th 2 a s a re q u is ite fo r lo d g in g s a c cru e d to a n O rd er. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e s a id : I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to c o v e r a m a ttre ss (w ith i t ) / N o w a t t h a t tim e m o n k s p a c k e d a w a y a c o u c h -m a t tre ss on a c h a ir, th e y p a c k e d a w a y a c h a ir-m a ttre s s on a c o u c h ; th e m a ttresses fe ll to b it s .3 T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, a c o v e r e d c o u ch , a c o v e re d c h a ir / ' 4 [150] T h e y p a c k e d th e m a w a y w ith o u t h a v in g p u t a c o b w e b c lo th (b e n e a th 5 a n d th e stu ffin g ) c a m e o u t fro m b e lo w . I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, h a v in g p u t a c o b w e b c lo th (b e n e ath th e m a ttre ss), h a v in g s p re a d it, to c o v e r a m a ttr e s s / ' H a v in g re m o v e d th e c o v e rs, t h e y c a rrie d th e m a w a y . I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to s p r in k le 6 th e m / ' T h e y s till c a rrie d th e m a w a y . I a llo w , m o n k s, line d e c o r a tio n / ' 7 T h e y s till c a rrie d th e m a w a y . I a llo w y o u , m o n ks, th e o u tlin e o f th e h a n d / ' 8 ________________________________________________ II 7 II I I
1 S a m e f iv e k in d s g i v e n a t Vin . i v . 4 0 . S e e B .D . ii. 24 0 , n . 7. dussa. 8 A s a t C V . V . 1 1 . 2. 4 onaddhamaiica onaddhapitha. T h i s m u s t m e a n c o v e r e d w i t h m a t t r e s s e s t o f it t h e m . C f. Vin . i. 1 9 4 , ii. 2 70 . 6 ullokam akaritva, w h ic h V A , 1 2 1 8 e x p l a i n s b y hetthd cim ilikam adaivd. O n cimilika s e e a b o v e , p . 2 1 0 , n . 4 . Ullohd o c c u r s a t Vin. i. 48 = ii. 20 9. 4 positurn, w h ic h s h o u ld r e a d phositum a s d o e s V in . i. 205 a n d V A . 1 2 1 8 . T h i s l a t t e r s a y s t o g i v e s p r in k lin g s (o r t o u c h e s , phusitdni) o n t o p w it h d y e s o r w it h t u r m e r ic / * 7 bhattikamma. V A . 1 2 1 9 r e a d s bhittikamma, w a ll- w o r k , a n d s a y s it is a bhittikamma o n t o p o f t h e m a t t r e s s c o v e r . W h a t e v e r t h e e x a c t m e a n in g o f t h e t e r m , it is n o d o u b t a d if f e r e n t p r o c e s s f r o m t h e s p r in k lin g " w h ic h , a s p e r h a p s a f o r e r u n n e r t o t h e t i e - a n d - d y e i n d u s t r y , w o u ld p r o b a b l y r e s u l t in s p o t s . C f. bhatikamma a t C V , V . 9 . 2. 6 hatthabhitti. Bhitti is o f c o u r s e a w a ll. V A . 1 2 1 9 s a y s pancanqulabhitti, t h e w a ll o f t h e f iv e fin g e r s . A l l t h e s e m a r k s w e r e p r o b a b l y a p p lie d so a s t o d is f ig u r e t h e m a t t r e s s e s a n d t h u s d is s u a d e m o n k s f r o m c a r r y i n g t h e m o ff ; O r t h e y m a y h a v e b e e n id e n t if i c a t io n m a r k s . B u t a ll t h e cf. P a c . 5 8 . r e a d in g s , a n d t h e r e fo r e t h e m e a n in g s , a r e u n c e r t a in . R e a d i n g in t h e J k e y ,* ' Vin. ii. 1 7 8 , is hatthabhatti, lin e o f t h e h a n d . O n pancangulikam datwrn cf. a b o v e , p . 17 0 .

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N o w a t th a t tim e th e s le e p in g p la c e s 1 o f m e m b e rs o f o th er se c ts w ere w h ite w a s h e d , th e g r o u n d w a s c o lo u re d b la c k , th e w a lls w ere tr e a te d w ith re d c h a lk .2 M a n y p e o p le w e n t t o see th e slee p in g p la c e s. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r t o th e L o r d . H e said : I a llo w , m o n k s , w h ite w a s h , b la c k c o lo u rin g , red c h a lk (to b e used) in a d w e llin g - p la c e / ' N o w a t t h a t tim e th e w h ite w a s h d id n o t a d h e re to th e ro u g h w a lls. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e s a id : " I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, h a v in g a p p lie d lu m p s o f g ra in -h u sk s, h a v in g k e p t so m e b a c k w ith a sp o o n ,3 to p u t on th e w h it e w a s h ." T h e w h ite w a s h w o u ld n o t s tic k on. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r t o th e L o rd . H e s a id : " I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, h a v in g a p p lie d so ft c la y , h a v in g k e p t so m e b a c k w ith a sp o o n , to p u t o n th e w h ite w a s h . The w h ite w a s h w o u ld n o t s tic k on. " I a llo w , m o n k s, w h a t e x u d e s fro m tre e s 4 a n d flo u r-p a s te . N o w a t th a t tim e th e re d c h a lk d id n o t a d h e re to th e ro u g h w a lls . . . (as above) . * . T h e re d c h a lk w o u ld n o t s tic k on. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o r d . H e sa id : I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, h a v in g a p p lie d th e re d p o w d e r o f rice h u s k s (m ix e d w ith ) c la y , h a v in g k e p t so m e b a c k w ith a sp o o n , to p u t on th e red c h a lk ." T h e red c h a lk w o u ld n o t s t ic k o n . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r t o th e L o r d . H e s a id : I a llo w , m o n k s, m u s ta rd -p o w d e r , 5 o il o f b e e s w a x . I t w a s to o thick. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o r d . H e sa id : I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to sp o n g e it o v e r 7 w ith a p ie ce o f c lo t h / ' N o w a t th a t tim e th e b la c k c o lo u rin g d id n o t a d h e re to th e ro u g h w a lls . . . (as above) . . . T h e b la c k c o lo u rin g w o u ld n o t s tic k on. T h e y t o ld th is m a tte r to th e L o r d . H e s a id : I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, h a v in g a p p lie d c la y (m ix e d w ith th e e x c r e m e n t of) e a rth w o rm s ,8 h a v in g k e p t so m e b a c k w ith a sp o o n , to p u t on th e b la c k c o lo u rin g . T h e b la c k c o lo u rin g w o u ld n ot
1 s e y y d , defined at V i n . iv. 17 = 20, 41, * See CV. V. 11 . 6 for these words. * papika, Bu. says nothing. C/. paniyd at CV. V. 1 . 5. 4 ik k d s a . V A . 1219 says r u k k h a n i y ( y ) d s a m v a s ile s a m v a . Gum, resin, and juice all exude from trees. C f . n iy y d s a k h d d a n ly a at V A . 832, 837 and n iy y a s a r u k k h a at V i s m . 74. * ~ku44 a of text should read -kutfa. e V A . 1219 says it stayed there in drop upon drop. 7 fia c c u d d h a r itu m (as at CV- V* 17 . 1) explained at V A . 1219 as p u n c h i t u m , to tyipe. " g a p ^ a m a ttik d . V A . 1219, reading with v J . ga # # **-, explains as above.

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stic k on. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o r d . H e sa id : " I a llo w , m o n k s, w h a t e x u d e s fro m tre es, a n a s trin g e n t d e co c t i o n .^ || 1 || N o w a t th a t tim e th e g ro u p o f s ix m o n k s h a d a b o ld d e sig n 2 m ad e w ith figu res o f w o m en , figu res o f m en , in a d w e llin g p lace. P e o p le to u rin g th e d w e llin g -p la c e s, h a v in g seen th is, . . . sp re a d it a b o u t, s a y in g : L ik e [1 5 1 ] h o u seh o ld ers w h o e n jo y p le a su re s o f th e se n se s. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : M on ks, y o u sh o u ld n o t h a v e a b o ld d esign m ad e w ith figu res o f w o m en , figu res o f m en . W h o e v e r sh o u ld h a v e o n e m a d e , th e re is a n o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g . I a llo w , m on ks, w re a th -w o rk , cree p e r-w o rk , sw o rd fish te e th , th e fiv e s trip s (of c lo th d e sig n ). 3 || 2 || N o w a t t h a t tim e d w e llin g -p la c e s w ere lo w to th e g ro u n d . . .4 " . . . I a llo w m o n k s, a b a lu s t r a d e / N o w a t t h a t tim e d w e llin g -p la c e s w ere th ro n g e d w ith p e o p le .6 M o n k s w ere (too) m o d e st t o lie d o w n . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : I a llo w , m o n k s, a c u r ta in . 6 T h e y lo o k e d in, h a v in g lift e d u p th e c u rta in . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : " I a llo w , m o n k s, a sm a ll h a lf- w a ll. T h e y lo o k e d in o v e r th e to p o f th e sm a ll h a lf-w a ll. " I a llo w , m o n k s, th re e (k in d s of) in n e r ro o m s : a p a la n q u in -lik e in n e r ro o m ,7 a tu b e -lik e in n e r ro o m ,8 a n in n er room on th e r o o f . 9 N o w a t th a t tim e m o n k s m a d e an in n er ro o m in th e m id d le o f a sm a ll d w e llin g -p la c e ; th e re w a s n o a cce ss .10 T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd .. H e s a i d : I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to m a k e a n in n e r ro o m a t o n e sid e o f a sm all d w e llin g -p la c e , in th e m id d le o f a la rg e o n e . || 3 |j medicines.
1 kasava .
C f.

MV. VI.

4,

where certain specified ones are allowed as

% patibhanacitta, as at V in . iv. 61 (see B . D . ii. 285, n. 5 ) and iv. 298. VA. 1219 says not only the figures of women and men, but also figures of animals, even of an earthworm.*' 8 As at CV. V. 1 1 . 6. 4 As at CV. V. 11. 6: 6 dlakamandd. At D . ii. 147, 170 said to be the capital of the devas, with many people and crowded with yakkhas. Spelt in both passages as A faka-. V A . 1219 says each open space was crowded with people. e tirokaranl as at Vin. i. 276. 7 sivikagabbha. V A . 1219 calls it a quadrangular (or four-sided) inner room. 8 nalikdgabbha. V A . 1 2 1 9 says it is a long room whose length is two or three times its width. 0 hammiyagabbha. See B . D . ii. 16, n. 6 on hammiya. V A . 1219 calls it a room in the gable on the open air floor or a room on the bare roof.

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N o w a t th a t tim e th e b a se o f a w a ll o f a d w e llin g -p la c e d is in te g ra te d . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o r d . H e sa id : " I a llo w , m o n k s, a tim b e r b u ttr e s s . 1 A w a ll o f a d w e llin g p la c e le t in th e ra in .2. I a llo w , m o n k s , a p r o te c tin g screen 3 (and) p a ste a n d w a te r . 4 N o w a t t h a t tim e a s n a k e fe ll fro m a g ra s s ro o fin g on to a c e rta in m o n k 's sh o u ld er. T e rrifie d , h e u tte re d a c r y o f d istress. M on ks, h a v in g ru n u p , sp o k e th u s t o th is m o n k : W h y d id y o u , y o u r re v e re n c e , u tte r a c r y o f d istre ss ? T h e n th is m o n k to ld th is m a tte r to th e m o n k s . T h e m o n k s t o ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : I a llo w , m o n k s, a c a n o p y . 5 II 4 I I N o w a t t h a t tim e m o n k s h u n g th e ir b a g s a t th e fe e t o f co u ch es, a n d a t th e fe e t o f c h a irs : t h e y w e re e a te n b y r a ts a n d w h ite a n ts. T h e y to ld th is m a t t e r t o th e L o r d . H e s a id : " I a llo w , m o n k s, a p e g in th e w a ll, a n ' e le p h a n t-tu s k ' (peg ). 6 N o w a t th a t tim e m o n k s la id a sid e th e ir ro b es o n a c o u c h a n d on a c h a ir. T h e ro b es fe ll to p ieces. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : I a llo w , m o n k s, a b a m b o o fo r ro b es, [152] a c o rd fo r ro b e s . 7 N o w a t t h a t tim e d w e llin g -p la c e s h a d n o v e r a n d a h s 8 a n d w ere w ith o u t shelter. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : I a llo w , m o n k s, a v e r a n d a h , a c o v e r e d te r r a c e ,1 0 a n in n e r c o u r t ,11 a v e r a n d a h ro o fin g . 12 T h e v e r a n d a h s w ere
I kulaiikapadaka . S e e M o r r is , J P T S . 18 8 4 , p . 7 8 , * ovassati a ls o a t C V . V . 16. 1 . 3 pavittanakitika. C f. satnsaranakitika ugghdtanakitika in U 5 b e lo w . 4 uddhasudha. V A . 1 2 1 9 r e a d in g uddha - w i t h v.l. uda-t s a y s c l a y p o u n d e d t o g e t h e r w it h a s h e s a n d c o w d u n g . S i n h . e d n . r e a d s udda -. 6 vitanA , a n it e m in s o m e o f t h e " n o o f fe n c e '* c l a u s e s in t h e S u t t a v i b h a n g a , e.g. a t Vin . iii. 2 2 5 / 2 2 7 , 2 2 9 , 233* i v . 1 7 1 , 2 7 9 . 6 C f. C V . V . 9 . 5 w h e r e m o n k s h u n g t h e i r b a g s o n t h e s e p e g s . 7 A ls o a llo w e d a t C V . V . 11. 6 ; 14. 3. 8 alinda . V A . 1 2 1 9 e x p l a in s a s pam ukha . S e e M V . V I . 36. 4 , a n d B .D , i v . 3 4 2 , n . 3. 9 apatissarapa, S in h . e d n . appatissarand. 10 paghancp. i f A . 12 2 0 , r e a d in g palighana b u t s a y i n g i t is a ls o c a l l e d paghana, s p e a k s o f it a s a katapadesa, a s h a p e d ( a r t if ic ia l) p l a c e o r l o c a l i t y . I t w as a t t h e d o o r o f t h e d w e llin g - p la c e s . II pakuta, S in h . e d n . pakuggar V A . 1 2 2 0 r e a d in g pakudda a n d s a y in g pakutta i^ a ls o a r e a d in g , e x p la i n s a s " t h e w h o le o f t h e in n e r r o o m in t h e m id d le is c a lle d pariydgdro ** : pakuddan ti fnajjhe gabbhassa samantd pariydgaro vuccati. W i t h t h i s p h r a s e cf. V in . iii. 1 1 9 . Pariydgdra m e a n s " s u r r o u n d e d b y a h o u s e .'* 12 osarika. V A . 1 2 2 0 r e a d s , osarika, w i t h v.l. osaraka a n d s a y s " h a v i n g p u t a b a m b o o in a d w e llin g - p la c e w i t h o u t a v e r a n d a h , h a v i n g h a d s m a ll s t ic k s t a k e n fr o m t h a t , tato osaretvd, a v e r a n d a h - c o v e r in g , chadanapatnukha, is m a d e .

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p u b lic. M o n k s w ere (too) m o d e st to lie d o w n . I a llo w , m o n ks, a m o v e a b le sc re e n ,1 a screen t h a t c a n b e d ra w n .** || 5 || N o w a t th a t tim e m o n k s p a r tic ip a tin g in a m ea l in th e o p e n a ir w ere b o th e re d b y c o ld a n d h e a t. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : I a llo w , m o n k s, a n a s s e m b ly h a ll." T h e a s s e m b ly h a ll w a s lo w to th e g ro u n d . . .2 . . . a c o rd fo r ro b e s ." N o w a t th a t tim e m o n k s s p re a d o u t th e ir ro b es in th e o p e n a ir on th e g ro u n d . T h e ro b es w ere so iled b y d u st. I a llo w , m o n k s, a b a m b o o fo r ro b es a n d a c o rd fo r ro b es in th e o pen a ir ." || 6 || T h e d rin k in g w a te r b e c a m e t e p id .3 I a llo w , m o n k s, a h a ll fo r th e d rin k in g w a te r, a sh e d fo r th e d rin k in g w a t e r ." T h e h a ll fo r th e d rin k in g w a te r w a s lo w to th e g ro u n d . . ,a . . . a c o rd fo r r o b e s ." T h e re w a s n o v e sse l fo r th e d rin k in g w a te r. I a llo w , m o n k s, a co n ch sh e ll fo r d rin k in g w a te r, a sa u cer fo r d rin k in g w a te r . || 7 [| N o w a t t h a t tim e d w e llin g -p la c e s w ere n o t fe n c e d in. I allo w , m o n k s, th re e (k in d s of) fen ces t o fen ce th e m in : a fen ce o f b rick s, a fen ce o f sto n es, a fe n ce o f w o o d . T h e re w a s no p orch. I a llo w , m o n k s, a p o r c h ." T h e p o rch w a s lo w to th e gro u n d . I t w a s flood ed w ith w a te r. I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to b u ild it h ig h to th e g r o u n d . T h e re w a s no d o o r to th e p o rch . " I a llo w , m o n k s, a d o o r, a d o o r-p o st a n d lin te l . . . a c o rd to p u ll th r o u g h ." 4 P o w d e re d g ra ss fe ll fro m th e p o rc h . 5 T allo w , m o n k s, . . * th e fiv e (pieces of) c lo th d e sig n ," 4 N o w a t th a t tim e a ce ll c a m e to b e s w a m p y .6 T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd H e sa id : I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to sp rin k le g r a v e l." T h e y d id n o t s u c c e e d in d o in g so. " I a llo w y o u , [15 3] m o r k s , to l a y d o w n fla g s to n e s ." W a te r re m a in ed . I a llo w , m o n k s, a d ra in fo r th e w a te r ." || 8 j| N o w a t th a t tim e m o n k s m a d e a firep la ce h ere a n d th e re in a c e l l ; th e c e ll b e ca m e so ile d .7 T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to m a k e a t o n e sid e a h a ll fo r th e fire . T h e h a ll fo r th e fire w a s lo w to th e g ro u n d 1 sa m s a r a n a k itik a . V A . 1220 says c a k k a la y u tta . C f , c a k k a ltk a at CV. VI. 2 . 2 and c a k k a ll at CV. VI. 1 9 . 3 As at CV. V. 1 1 . 6. 3 o ia p p a t i , perhaps evaporated, dried up.* C f . o ta p eti, to dry in the sun. 4 A s a tC V . V. 1 4 . 4. 6 kotth aka above ; ko tth a ke at CV. V. 1 4 . 4. 8 A s'at CV. V. 1 4 . 5 I" 3 5 . 4. 1 u k ld p a , as at V i n . i. 46.

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. . / " I a llo w , m o n k s, a b a lu s tr a d e . T h e h a ll fo r th e fire h a d n o d oor. " I a llo w , m o n k*, a d o o r, a d o o rp o st a n d lin te l . . .2 a c o rd fo r p u llin g th r o u g h , P o w d e re d g r a s s 2 fe ll in to th e h a ll fo r th e fire. " I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, - . * a co rd fo r ro b e s / ' || 9 |j A m o n a s te ry w a s n o t fe n ced in : g o a ts a n d c a t t le 3 in ju re d th e little p la n ts .4 T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o r d . He sa id : " I a llo w , m o n k s, th re e (k in d s of) h ed g es to fe n ce it in : a h ed g e o f b a m b o o , a h e d g e o f th o rn s, a d it c h / ' T h e re w a s no p o rch . A s b e fo re , g o a ts a n d c a t t le in ju re d th e lit t le p la n ts . " I a llo w , m o n k s, a p o rc h , a n in te r la c in g o f s ta k e s a n d th o r n s , 5 a h ed g e o f s w a llo w -w o rt , 8 a g a te w a y , a d o o r-b a r . 7 P o w d e re d g ra ss fe ll fro m th e p o rc h . " I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, . . .8 th e fiv e (pieces of) c lo th d e s ig n ." T h e m o n a s te r y b e c a m e s w a m p y a d ra in fo r th e w a t e r / ' || 10 || N o w a t th a t tim e K in g S e n iy a B im b is a r a o f M a g a d h a w a n te d to h a v e a lo n g ho u se w ith a sm e a rin g o f p la s te r a n d c la y b u ilt fo r an O rd er. T h e n it o c cu rre d to m o n k s : N o w w h a t k in d of ro o fin g is a llo w e d b y th e L o rd , w h a t is n o t a llo w e d ? T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o r d . H e s a i d : " I a llo w , m o n k s, fiv e (k in d s of) ro o fin g s : a ro o fin g o f tile s, a ro o fin g o f sto n es, a ro o fin g o f p la s te r, a ro o fin g o f tin a - g ra ss, a ro o fin g o f le a v e s / '10 || 11 |j 3 |[ T o ld is th e F ir s t P o r tio n fo r R e p e a tin g . N o w a t th a t tim e th e h o u se h o ld e r A n a th a p in ^ ik a w a s th e h u sb a n d of a siste r o f a (great) m e rc h a n t o f R a ja g a h a . T h e n th e h o u seh o ld er A n a th a p in tfik a w e n t to R a ja g a h a on som e b u sin ess or o th er. A t th a t tim e th e O rd e r w ith th e A w a k e n e d O n e a t its h e a d h a d b e e n in v ite d fo r th e m o rro w b y th e (great) 1 As at CV. V. 1 1 . 6. * As at CV, V, 1 *. 3. ii. 345, iv. 359. V A . 1 2 2 0 reading a p e s i, says having inserted stakes with long pieces of wood, having covered with thorny branches, it is made for Closing up the doorway.*' 6 ahkavd^a. Sinh. edn. reads y a m a k a k a v a ta , a pair of doors. 7 p a lig h a . V A . 1 2 2 0 says '* as in village gateways, it is for closing a door that is joined to a wheel.*' * As at CV. V. 1 4 . 4. * As at CV. V. 1 4 . 5 ; 8 5 . 4. 10 These five kinds of roofings mentioned at V i n . iv. 48.
* p a su ka . 4 up aropa. C f . u p a r o p a k a at J a . * a p e s iy a m . Sinh. edn. a p e s in t.

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m e rch a n t o f R a ja g a h a . T h e n th e (great) m e rc h a n t o f R a j a g a h a e n jo in e d s la v e s a n d s e rv a n ts , s a y in g : " W e ll n o w , g o o d peo p le, g e ttin g u p e a r ly in th e m o rn in g , c o o k c o n je y s , c o o k rice ,1 p re p a re 2 cu rries, p re p a re v e g e ta b le s . 3 T h e n it o ccu rre d to th e h o u se h o ld e r A n a th a p in g lik a : " N o w , on m y a r r iv a l fo rm e rly th is h o u seh o ld er, h a v in g p u t a sid e a ll d u tie s, d id n o th in g e x c e p t e x c h a n g e g re e tin g s w ith m e, b u t n o w he seem s e x c ite d a n d e n jo in s s la v e s a n d s e r v a n ts , s a y in g : ' W e ll n o w , g o o d p eo p le . . . [15 4 ] p re p a re v e g e ta b le s .' N o w c a n th e re b e fo r th is h o u seh o ld er a le a d in g to 4 (a b rid e 's hom e) or c a n th e re b e a le a d in g a w a y fr o m 5 (a b rid e 's hom e) o r is a g re a t o b la tio n a rra n g e d or is K in g S e n iy a B im b is a r a o f M a g a d h a in v ite d fo r th e m o rro w to g e th e r w ith h is tro o p s ? " || x || T h e n th e (great) m e rc h a n t o f R a ja g a h a , h a v in g e n jo in e d th e s la v e s a n d se rv a n ts , a p p ro a c h e d th e h o u se h o ld e r A n a th ap in < J ik a ; h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d , h a v in g e x c h a n g e d g re e tin g s w ith th e h o u seh o ld er A n a th a p in c jik a , he s a t d o w n a t a re sp e c tfu l d ista n ce. T h e h o u se h o ld e r A n a th a p in d ik a sp o k e th u s to th e (great) m e rc h a n t o f R a ja g a h a a s h e w a s s ittin g d o w n a t a re sp e c tfu l d is ta n c e : " F o r m e r ly y o u , h o u seh o ld er, on m y a rriv a l, h a v in g p u t a sid e a ll d u ties, d id n o th in g e x c e p t e x c h a n g e g ree tin g s w ith m e, b u t n o w y o u seem e x c it e d a n d e n jo in s la v e s an d se rv a n ts , s a y in g : ' W e ll n o w , g o o d p e o p le . . . p re p a re v e g e ta b le s / N o w c a n th e re b e fo r y o u , h o u seh o ld er, a le a d in g to . . . o r is K in g S e n iy a B im b is a r a o f M a g a d h a in v ite d fo r th e m o rro w to g e th e r w ith h is tro o p s ? " T h e re is to b e fo r m e, h o u seh o ld er, n e ith e r a le a d in g to (a b rid e 's h o m e), n o r is th e re to b e a le a d in g a w a y fro m (a b rid e 's h o m e), nor is K in g S e n iy a B im b is a r a o f M a g a d h a in v ite d fo r th e m o rro w to g e th e r w ith h is tro o p s. B u t a g re a t o b la tio n is a rra n g e d b y m e : th e O rd e r is in v ite d fo r th e m o rro w w ith th e A w a k e n e d O n e a t its h e a d . " D id y o u , h o u seh o ld er, s a y A w a k e n e d O n e ? ' A w a k e n e d O n e ' I d^d s a y , h o u s e h o ld e r/ ' " D id y 6u , h o u seh o ld er, s a y A w a k e n e d O n e ' ? "
1 b h a tta n i. C f . B . D . ii. 149, iii. 11. These four words are, above, all. in the plural suggesting that separate portions should be got ready for each monk. 1 s a m p a d e ti, as at V i n , iii. 208. * u tta rib h a n g a , or tit-bits, dainties. See B . D . i. 275, n* 5. 4 As at V i n . iii. 135. See B . D , i. 229, n. 2. * As at V i n . iii. 135. See B . D . i. 230, n. 1.

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" A w a k e n e d O n e ' I d id s a y , h o u s e h o ld e r ." D id y o u , h o u seh o ld er, s a y 'A w a k e n e d O n e * ? A w a k e n e d O n e ' I d id s a y , h o u s e h o ld e r. E v e n th is so u n d , h o u se h o ld e r, is h a rd to co m e b y in th e w orld , th a t is to s a y 'A w a k e n e d O n e, A w a k e n e d O n e .' N o w w o u ld it b e p o ssib le, h o u seh o ld er, a t th is tim e 1 to g o u p an d see th is L o rd , a p e rfe c te d one, a fu lly S e lf-a w a k e n e d O n e ? " T h is tim e is n o t a rig h t tim e , h o u seh o ld er, to g o u p a n d see th is L o rd , a p e rfe c te d one, a fu lly S e lf-a w a k e n e d O n e. B u t n o w , e a r ly to -m o rro w y o u s h a ll g o u p to see th is L o rd , a p e rfe c te d one, a fu lly S e lf-a w a k e n e d O n e . T h e n th e h o u seh o ld er A n a th a p in d ik a , t h in k in g : E a r l y to -m o rro w I w ill g o u p to see th is L o r d . . , fu lly SelfA w a k e n e d O n e , la y d o w n w ith m in d fu ln e ss (so m uch) d ire c te d to th e A w a k e n e d O n e ,2 th a t he g o t u p th re e tim e s d u rin g th e n ig h t th in k in g it w a s d a y b r e a k . j| 2 || T h e n th e h o u seh o ld er A n a th a p in d ik a a p p ro a c h e d th e g a t e w a y to th e C o o l G r o v e ,3 a n d n o n -h u m a n b e in g s o p e n e d th e g a te w a y . T h e n a s th e h o u se h o ld e r A n a th a p in d ik a w a s g o in g o u t fro m th e to w n , lig h t v a n is h e d , d a rk n e ss a p p e a re d ; fe a r, c o n ste rn a tio n , [155] h a ir s ta n d in g on e n d 4 arose so t h a t h e w as d esiro u s o f tu r n in g b a c k fro m th e re . T h e n th e y a k k h a ST vaka, in v isib le , m a d e th is so u n d h e a rd : A h u n d re d elephants, a h u n d re d ho rses, a h u n d re d c h a rio ts w ith sh e -m u les ,6 A h u n d re d th o u s a n d m a id e n s a d o rn e d w ith je w e lle d e a r rin g s------T h e se a re n o t w o rth th e s ix te e n th p a r t o f o n e le n g th o f strid e. A d v a n c e , h o u seh o ld er, a d v a n c e , h o u seh o ld er. A d v a n c e is b e tte r fo r y o u , n o t r e tr e a t. T h e n d a rk n e ss v a n is h e d fo r th e h o u se h o ld e r A n a th a p in d ik a , lig h t a p p e a red , so t h a t h is fe a r, c o n ste rn a tio n , h a ir s ta n d in g on en d su b sid e d . A n d a se co n d tim e . . . . A n d a th ir d tim e 1 For this episode to the end of H4 || c f , S . i. 210 12. * b u d d h a g a td y a s a tiy a . * Sltavana. S. i. 211 reads Slvathika, from the name of Slvathika (v .l. Sivaka) of the y a k k h a who lived in the Sltavana. * As at e.g . V i n . iii. 69. * C f . the first three of these lines with V v j 20, 8 ; 43. 8 . * a ss a ta r i. C f . v a c c h a ta r l at MV. V. 9 . 1, 3.

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d id th e y a k k h a S lv a k a m a d e th is so u n d h e a rd : . . A dvance is b e tte r fo r y o u , n o t r e tr e a t. A n d a th ir d tim e d a rk n e ss va n ish ed fo r th e h o u seh o ld er A n a th a p in d ik a , lig h t a p p e a re d , so th a t his fe a r, c o n ste rn a tio n , h a ir s ta n d in g on en d su b sid e d . T h e n th e h o u seh o ld er A n a th a p in d ik a a p p ro a c h e d th e C o o l G ro ve . N o w a t th a t tim e th e L o rd w a s p a c in g u p a n d d o w n in th e op en a ir, h a v in g g o t u p in th e n ig h t to w a rd s d a w n . T h e n th e L o r d s a w th e h o u seh o ld er A n a th a p in d ik a c o m in g in th e d ista n c e ; se e in g h im , h a v in g ste p p e d d o w n fro m th e p la ce fo r p a c in g u p a n d d o w n in , he s a t d o w n o n an a p p o in te d seat, a n d s ittin g d o w n th e L o rd sp o k e th u s to th e h o u seh o ld er A n a t h a p in d ik a : C o m e , S u d a t t a . 1 T h e n th e h o u seh o ld er A n a th a p in d ik a , th in k in g : " T h e L o r d a d d re sse d m e b y n a m e , jo y fu l, e la te d , a p p ro a c h e d th e L o r d ; h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d , h a v in g in c lin e d h is h e a d to th e L o r d 's fe et, h e sp o k e th u s to th e L o r d : " I h o p e. L o r d , th a t th e L o rd is liv in g a t e a s e . H e sa id : Y e s , a lw a y s a t ease he liv e s, th e b ra h m in , a tta in e d to n ib b a n a , W h o is n o t sta in e d b y lu s ts ,2 c o o led , w ith o u t a tta c h m e n ts .3 H a v in g re n t a ll c lin g in g s , h a v in g a v e r te d h e a r t's ca re, T ra n q u il he liv e s a t ease, h a v in g w o n to p e a c e o f m in d . 4 II 4 I I T h e n th e L o r d ta lk e d a p ro g re ssiv e t a l k 1 t o th e h o u seh o ld er A n a th a p in d ik a , th a t is to s a y ta lk on g iv in g , ta lk o n m o ral h a b it, t a lk on h e a v e n , he e x p la in e d th e p^ril, th e v a n it y , th e d e p r a v ity o f p le a su re s o f th e senses, th e a d v a n ta g e in ren o u n c ing (them ). W h e n th e L o r d k n e w t h a t th e m in d o f th e ho u seh o ld er A n a th a p in d ik a w a s re a d y , m a lle a b le , d e v o id o f 1 S A .1.315 says that Anathapindika thinks that there are many other sects, those of Purana Kassapa and so on, who say they are awakened ones ; but if this teacher is the awakened one he will address him by his k u la d a tt ik a name, i.e. by the name given him in his family, because no one but Anathapindika himself knows this. See also K . S . i. 273, n. 1. * y o n a t i p p a t i k d n te su , as at S n . 625. C f . K a t h a U p . V. 11 where the Sun is not defiled or contaminated, n a lip y a te , by what he sees outside himself. See A. K. Coomaraswamy, A N o t e o n th e S t ic k fa s t M o t i f , J o u r n a l A m e r ic a n F o lk lo r e , Vol. 57, No. 224, April-June, 1944, p. 128. * C f . Sw. 642. 4 Besides S . i. 212, where the S . version of this episode ends, this verse occurs at A . i . 138. 1 As at MV, I. 7 . 5. 10 ; V. 1 . 9, 10 ; VI. 2 6 . 8, 9.

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th e h in d ra n ces, u p lifte d , p le a se d , th e n he e x p la in e d t o h im t h a t te a c h in g on dham m a w h ic h th e a w a k e n e d o n es h a v e th e m selv e s d is c o v e re d : ill, u p risin g , s to p p in g , th e W a y . A n d a s a clea n [156] c lo th w ith o u t b la c k sp e c k s w ill e a s ily ta k e d y e , e v e n so as h e w a s (sittin g ) on th a t v e r y se a t, dham m avisio n , d u stless, sta in le ss, a ro se to th e h o u se h o ld e r A n a th a p in d ik a , th a t " w h a te v e r is lia b le to u p risin g , a ll th a t is lia b le to s to p p in g . T h e n th e h o u se h o ld e r A n a th a p in d ik a , h a v in g seen dham m a , a tta in e d dham m a , k n o w n dham m a , p lu n g e d in to dham m a , h a v in g cro sse d o v e r d o u b t, h a v in g p u t a w a y u n c e r ta in ty , h a v in g a tta in e d w ith o u t a n o th e r s h e lp t o fu ll co n fid en ce in th e T e a c h e r s in s tru c tio n , sp o k e th u s to th e L o r d : " E x c e lle n t, L o rd ! E x c e lle n t, L o rd ! E v e n , L o r d , a s one m ig h t se t u p r ig h t w h a t h a s been u p s e t, o r m ig h t u n c o v e r w h a t w a s co n cea le d , o r m ig h t sh o w th e w a y to o n e w h o is a s tr a y , o r m ig h t b rin g an o il la m p in to th e d a rk n e ss, th in k in g , * T h o se w ith e y e s to see m a y see sh a p e s,' e v e n so is dham m a e x p la in e d in m a n y a figure b y th e L o rd . I m y se lf, L o r d , g o to th e L o rd fo r re fu g e, to dham m a , a n d to th e O rd e r o f m o n k s. M a y th e L o rd a c c e p t m e a s a la y -d is c ip le g o in g fo r re fu g e fro m th is d a y fo rth fo r a s lo n g a s life la sts . A n d , L o r d , m a y th e L o r d c o n se n t to a m e a l w ith m e o n th e m o r r o w to g e th e r w ith th e O rd er o f m o n k s . T h e L o rd c o n se n te d b y b e c o m in g sile n t. T h e n th e h o u se h o ld e r A n a th a p in d ik a , h a v in g u n d e rsto o d th e L o rd 's co n se n t, risin g fro m h is se a t, h a v in g g re e te d th e L o rd , d e p a rte d k e e p in g h is rig h t sid e to w a r d s h im . || 5 || T h e (great) m e rc h a n t o f R a ja g a h a h e a rd : I t is sa id th a t th e O rd er w ith th e A w a k e n e d O n e a t its h e a d is in v ite d fo r th e m o rro w b y th e h o u se h o ld e r A n a t h a p in d ik a . T h e n th e (great) m e rc h a n t o f R a ja g a h a s p o k e th u s to th e h o u se h o ld e r A n a th a p in d ik a : " I t is said , t h a t th e O rd e r w ith th e A w a k e n e d O ne a t its h e a d is in v ite d b y y o u , h o u seh o ld er, fo r th e m o rro w . B u t y o u are in c o m in g .1 I c a n g iv e y o u , h o u se h o ld e r, th e m ea n s b y w h ic h y o u ca n m a k e a m e a l fo r th e O rd e r w ith th e A w a k e n e d O n e a t its h e a d . 1 1 T h a n k y o u , h o u seh o ld er, b u t I h a v e th e m e a n s b y w h ich I ca n m a k e a m e a l fo r th e O rd e r w ith th e A w a k e n e d O n e a t , its h e a d . 1 As opposed to resident.

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T h e u rb a n c o u n c il o f R a ja g a h a h e a rd : T h e O rd e r w ith th e A w a k e n e d O n e a t its h e a d is in v it e d fo r th e m o rro w b y th e h o u seh o ld er A n a th a p in d ik a . T h e n th e u rb a n c o u n c il o f R a ja g a h a sp o k e th u s t o th e h o u se h o ld e r A n a th a p in d ik a : I t is sa id th a t th e O rd er, . . . W e c a n g iv e y o u , h o u se h o ld e r, th e m ea n s b y w h ic h y o u c a n m a k e a m e a l fo r th e O rd e r w ith th e A w a k e n e d O n e a t its h e a d ." T h a n k y o u , m a ste rs, b u t I h a v e th e m e a n s * . . a t its h e a d . K in g S e n iy a B im b is a r a o f M a g a d h a h e a rd : " T h e O rd er
*>

T h a n k y o u , sire, b u t I h a v e th e m e a n s b y w h ic h I c a n m a k e a m eal fo r th e O rd e r w ith th e A w a k e n e d O n e a t its h e a d . || 6 || T h e n th e h o u seh o ld er A n a th a p in d ik a , h a v in g h a d su m p tu o u s foods, so lid a n d so ft, p re p a re d to w a r d s th e e n d o f t h a t n ig h t in th e d w e llin g o f th e (g reat) m e rc h a n t o f R a ja g a h a , [15 7] h a d th e tim e a n n o u n c e d to th e L o rd , s a y in g : I t is tim e , L o rd , th e m e a l is r e a d y . T h e n th e L o r d , h a v in g d ressed in th e m orn in g, ta k in g h is b o w l a n d ro b e, a p p ro a c h e d th e d w e llin g of th e (great) m e rc h a n t o f R a ja g a h a ; h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d , he sa t d o w n on th e a p p o in te d se a t to g e th e r w ith th e O rd er of m o n k s. T h e n th e h o u s e h o ld e r A n a th a p in d ik a , h a v in g w ith his o w n h a n d s e r v e d a n d sa tisfie d w ith su m p tu o u s fo o d s, solid a n d s o ft, th e O rd e r o f m o n k s w ith th e A w a k e n e d O n e a t its h e a d , w h e n th e L o r d h a d e a te n a n d h a d w ith d r a w n his h a n d fro m th e b o w l, sa t d o w n a t a r e s p e c tfu l d ista n c e . A s h e w a s s ittin g d o w n a t a r e s p e c tfu l d is ta n c e , th e h o u seh o ld er A n a th a p in d ik a sp o k e th u s to th e L o r d : L o rd , m a y th e L o r d co n sen t to a ra in s-resid e n ce 1 fro m m e a t S a v a tth I to g e th e r w ith th e O rd er o f m o n k s . B u t, h o u seh o ld er, T ru th -fin d e rs d e lig h t in e m p ty p la c e s .1' I t is u n d e rsto o d , L o r d , it is u n d e rsto o d , W e ll-fa r e r . T h e n th e L o rd , h a v in g g la d d e n e d , re jo ic e d , ro u se d , d e lig h te d th e h o u seh o ld er A n a th a p in d ik a w ith t a lk o n dham m a , risin g fro m h is s e a t, d e p a rte d . || 7 |j N o w a t th a t tim e th e h o u s e h o ld e r A n a th a p in d ik a h a d m a n y friends, m a n y co m p a n io n s, h is w o rd c a rrie d w e ig h t .2 T h e n 1 v a ssd v d sa , as in MV. III. 1 . 1, and c f . MV. III. 1 4 . a d d e y y a v d c a . V A . 1220 says his speech would be taken up by the many folk thinking, * It seems he should be heard V*

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th e h o u seh o ld er A n a th a p in d ik a , h a v in g c o n c lu d e d t h a t bu sin ess a t R a ja g a h a , se t o u t fo r S a v a t t h i. T h e n th e h o u se h o ld e r A n a th a p in d ik a e n jo in e d p e o p le on th e w a y , s a y in g : M asters, b u ild m o n a steries, p re p a re d w e llin g -p la c e s, fu rn ish g ift s ; an A w a k e n e d O n e h a s arisen in th e w o rld , a n d th is L o rd , in v ite d b y m e, w ill co m e a lo n g b y th is r o a d / ' T h e n th e se p e o p le , u rg e d o n b y th e h o u se h o ld e r A n a th a p in d ik a , b u ilt m o n a ste ries, p re p a re d d w e llin g -p la c e s, fu rn ish ed g ifts . T h e n th e h o u seh o ld er A n a th a p in d ik a , h a v in g a rriv e d a t S a v a tth i, lo o k e d a ll ro u n d S a v a t t h i, th in k in g r1 N o w w h e re c o u ld th e L o r d s t a y th a t w o u ld b e n e ith e r to o fa r fro m a v illa g e , n o r to o n ear, s u ita b le fo r c o m in g a n d g o in g , a c ce ssib le to p eo p le w h e n e v e r t h e y w a n t, n o t c ro w d e d b y d a y , h a v in g little noise a t n ig h t, little so u n d , w ith o u t fo lk s b re a th , se c lu d e d fro m p eo p le, fittin g fo r m e d ita tio n ? || 8 || T h e n th e h o u seh o ld er A n a th a p in d ik a s a w P rin c e J e t a s p lea su re g ro v e , n e ith e r to o fa r fro m a v illa g e . . . fittin g fo r m e d ita tio n , a n d seein g it, he a p p ro a c h e d P rin c e J e t a ; h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d h e sp o k e th u s to P rin c e J e t a : G iv e m e, y o u n g m a ster, th e p le a su re g ro v e to m a k e a m o n a s te r y . " T h e p lea su re g r o v e is n o t to b e g iv e n a w a y , h o u seh o ld er, e v e n fo r th e p rice o f a h u n d re d th o u s a n d . 2 Y o u n g m a ste r, th e m o n a s te r y is t a k e n . T h e m o n a s te ry is n ot ta k e n , h o u s e h o ld e r / T h e y a sk e d th e c h ie f m in isters o f ju s tic e ,3 s a y in g : " I s it ta k e n o r is it n o t ta k e n ? T h e c h ie f m in iste rs sp o k e th u s : [158 ] T h e m o n a s te ry is ta k e n a t th e p ric e fix e d b y y o u , y o u n g m a s te r . T h e n th e h o u seh o ld er A n a th a p in d ik a , h a v in g h a d g o ld c o in s 4 b ro u g h t o u t b y m ean s o f w a g o n s, h a d th e J e ta G ro v e sp re a d w ith th e p rice o f a h u n d re d th o u s a n d .5 || g || T h e g o ld co in s th a t w e re ta k e n o u t th e first tim e w e re n o t en o u g h fo r a sm a ll o p e n sp a c e n e a r to th e p o rch . T h e n th e 1 As at MV. I. 2 2 . 16, 17 where Bimbisara is giving the Bamboo Grove. * As at J a . i. 94. # C f . similar passage at V i n . iv. 223 ( B . D . iii. 178). 4 h ir a n n a ; see n. at B . D . i. 28. 5 ko tisa n th a ra rn sa n th a r a p e s i. V A . 1220 says having given a hundred thousand k a h a p a n a s , having had them spread out (on the ground), having taken the measure of the circumference of trees and ponds there, he gave having had them (i.e. the k a h a p a n a s ) spread out in a certain place." Most likely the gold coins were not round but square, see V i n . T e x ts iii. 188, n. 1.

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h o u seh o ld er A n a th a p in d ik a e n jo in e d th e p e o p le , s a y in g : G o b a c k , g o o d p e o p le , b rin g (m ore) g o ld co in s, I w ill sp re a d th is open s p a c e / ' T h e n it o c cu rre d to P rin c e J e t a : " N o w th is ca n be n o o r d in a r y m a tte r 1 in a sm u c h as th is h o u s e h o ld e r b e sto w s so m a n y g o ld c o in s / ' a n d h e sp o k e th u s to th e h o u seh o ld er A n a th a p in d ik a : " E n o u g h , h o u seh o ld er ; le t m e sp re a d th is o p e n sp ace , g iv e th is o p en sp a ce to m e, it w ill b e m y g i f t . T h e n th e h o u seh o ld er A n a th a p in d ik a , th in k in g : " T h is P rin ce Jeta, is a d istin g u ish e d , w e ll-k n o w n m a n ; s u r s ly th e fa ith in th is dham m a a n d d iscip lin e o f w e ll-k n o w n m en lik e th is is v e r y e ffica cio u s / ' 2 m a d e o v e r th a t op en sp a c e to P rin ce J e ta . T h e n P rin c e J e t a b u ilt a p o rc h 3 on t h a t o p e n sp ace. T h e h o u seh o ld er A n a th a p in d ik a h a d d w e llin g -p la c e s m a d e, he h a d c e lls 4 m a d e . . , p o rc h e s . . . a tte n d a n c e h a lls . . . fire h a lls . . . h u ts fo r w h a t is a llo w a b le . . . p riv ie s . . . p la ce s fo r p a c in g u p a n d d o w n in . . . h a lls in th e p la c e s fo r p a c in g u p a n d d o w n in . . , w e lls . . . h a lls a t th e w e lls . . . b a th ro o m s . . . h a lls in th e b a th ro o m s . . . lo tu s p o n d s . . . he h a d sh e d s m a d e. || 10 || 4 || T h e n th e L o rd , h a v in g s ta y e d a t R a ja g a h a fo r a s lo n g as he fo u n d su itin g , set o u t on to u r fo r V e sa li. I n d u e co u rse, w a lk in g on to u r, h e a r r iv e d a t V e sa li. T h e L o r d s ta y e d th ere a t V e s a li in th e G re a t G ro v e in th e H a ll o f th e G a b le d P illa rs. N o w a t th a t tim e p eo p le w e re m a k in g re p a irs c a r e fu lly a n d th e y w ere also a tte n d in g c a re fu lly , w ith th e re q u isite s o f robes, alm sfood , lo d g in g s a n d m ed icin es fo r th e sick , to th o se m o n k s w h o w ere lo o k in g a fte r th e rep a irs. T h e n it o c cu rre d to a c e rta in p o o r ta ilo r : N o w th is c a n b e no o rd in a ry m a tte r in a sm u ch as th e se p eo p le are m a k in g re p a irs c a re fu lly . W h a t n o w if I to o sh o u ld m a k e re p a irs ? " T h e n th a t p o o r ta ilo r, h a v in g h im self k n e a d e d m u d , h a v in g p ile d u p b ric k s , h a d w a ttle a n d d a u b w a lls e recte d . B u t b e c a u s e h e w a s n o t sk ilfu l th e p ilin g w a s c ro o k e d a n d a w a ll fe ll d o w n . A n d a 1 n a o ra k a m b h a v a s s iti. C f . MV. I. 9 . I, and below CV. VI. 5 . I. 8 As atM V. VI. 3 6 , 3. a kotth a ka is a word of unsettled meaning. V A . 1221 says that he built a seven storeyed long house with a porch (or storehouse) at the gateway
(d v a r a k o tth a k a p a sa d a ). 4 C f . this list with that

at MV. III.

5.

6, < ).

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seco n d tim e. . . . A n d a th ir d tim e . . .

T h e n th a t p o o r ta ilo r . . . s p r e a d it a b o u t, s a y in g : T h e se reclu ses, [15 9 ] sons o f th e S a k y a n s , e x h o r t, in s tr u c t th o se w h o g iv e th e m th e re q u is ite s o f ro b es, a lm sfo o d , lo d g in g s, m e d icin e s fo r th e sick , a n d th e se lo o k a fte r th e ir re p a irs. B u t I a m poor. N o o n e e x h o r ts o r in s tr u c ts m e o r lo o k s a fte r m y re p a ir s ." M o n k s h e a rd th is p o o r ta ilo r a s h e w a s . . . s p re a d in g it a b o u t. T h e n th e se m o n k s to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o r d . T h e n th e L o rd o n th is o cca sio n , in th is c o n n e c tio n , h a v in g g iv e n re a so n e d ta lk , a d d re sse d th e m o n k s, s a y in g : I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to p u t re p a irs in c h a rg e (of a m o n k ).1 M on ks, th e m o n k w h o is in c h a rg e o f re p a irs sh o u ld m a k e an e ffo rt ,2 th in k in g , H o w c a n th e d w e llin g -p la c e b e b r o u g h t to a ra p id te rm in a tio n ? ' a n d h e sh o u ld re sto re b ro k e n a n d d ila p id a te d p a r ts .3 ]| 2 || A n d th u s, m o n k s, sh o u ld t h e y b e g iv e n in c h a r g e : F ir s t, a m o n k sh o u ld b e a s k e d ; h a v in g a s k e d h im , th e O rd e r sh o u ld b e in fo rm e d b y a n e x p e rie n c e d , c o m p e te n t m o n k , s a y in g : ' H o n o u red sirs, le t th e O rd e r lis te n to m e. I f it seem s r ig h t to th e O rd er, le t th e O rd e r g iv e th e re p a irs to th e d w e llin g -p la c e o f th e h o u seh o ld er S o -a n d -so in c h a rg e o f th e m o n k S o -a n d -so . T h is is th e m o tio n . H o n o u re d sirs, le t th e O rd e r lis te n to m e. T h e O rd e r is g iv in g th e re p a irs . . . in c h a rg e o f th e m o n k S o -an d -so . I f th e g iv in g in c h a r g e o f th e m o n k S o -a n d -so , o f th e re p a irs to th e d w e llin g -p la c e o f th e h o u s e h o ld e r S o -a n d -so , is p le a sin g to th e v e n e ra b le on es, t h e y sh o u ld b e sile n t ; h e t o w h o m it is n o t p le a sin g sh o u ld s p e a k . R e p a ir s to th e d w e llin g -p la c e o f th e h o u se h o ld e r S o -a n d -s o a re g iv e n in c h a rg e o f th e m o n k S o -a n d -so . I t is p le a s in g t o th e O rd e r ; th e re fo re it is sile n t. T h u s d o I u n d e rs ta n d th is || 3 ||.5 |) T h e n th e L o rd , h a v in g s t a y e d a t VesalT fo r a s lo n g a s h e fo u n d s u itin g ,4 se t o u t on to u r fo r S a v a tth I . N o w a t t h a t tim e m o n k s w h o w e re p u p ils o f th e g r o u p o f s ix m o n k s, h a v in g g o n e
1 navakam m arp. d a tu m . F o r v a r io u s r u le s f o r m a k in g r e p a ir s s e e C V . V I .

u s s u k k a m d p a j ji s s a t i . C f . u s s u k k a m k a r o ti a t V i n . i v . 280 , 2 9 1 , 300. * A t A . iii. 2 6 3 t h i s is o n e o f f iv e t h i n g s s a id t o m a k e a r e s i d e n t m o n k v e r y u s e fu l t o h is r e s id e n c e . * F o r t h e in c id e n t r e la t e d h e i e , c f. J d . N o , 3 7 .

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a lo n g in fro n t o f th e O rd er o f m o n k s w ith th e A w a k e n e d O ne a t its h e a d , to o k p o ssession o f d w e llin g -p la c e s, t h e y to o k possession o f slee p in g p la c e s, s a y in g : T h is w ill b e fo r o u r p re cep to rs, th is w ill b e fo r o u r te a ch e rs, th is w ill be fo r u s ." T h e n th e v e n e ra b le S a r ip u tta , h a v in g g o n e a lo n g clo se b eh in d th e O rd er o f m o n k s w ith th e A w a k e n e d O n e a t its h e a d , n ot b ein g a b le to g e t a slee p in g p la c e th e d w e llin g -p la c e s b e in g ta k e n p o ssession o f, th e sle e p in g p la c e s b e in g ta k e n possession o f s a t d o w n a t th e ro o t o f a c e rta in tree. T h e n th e L o rd , g e ttin g u p d u rin g th e n ig h t to w a r d s m o rn in g , c o u g h e d . T h e v e n e ra b le S a r ip u tta a lso c o u g h e d . " W h o is th e re ? " I t is I , L o rd , S a r ip u t t a . " W h y a re y o u , S a r ip u tta , s ittin g h e r e ? T h e n th e v e n e ra b le S a r ip u tta to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o r d .1 || 1 || T h e n th e L o rd o n th is o cca sio n , in th is c o n n e ctio n , h a v in g h a d th e O rd e r o f m o n k s c o n v e n e d , q u e stio n e d th e m o n k s, s a y in g : " I s it tru e , a s is sa id , m o n k s, [160] t h a t m o n k s w h o a re p u p ils th is w ill be fo r u s * ? " I t is tru e , L o r d . T h e A w a k e n e d O n e, th e L o rd re b u k e d th e m , s a y in g : " H o w , m o n k s, c a n th e se fo o lish m en , h a v in g g o n e a lo n g in fro n t o f * . . s a y in g . . th is w ill b e fo r u s * ? I t is n o t, m o n ks, fo r p le a sin g th o s e w h o a re n o t (yet) p le a se d . , . A n d h a v in g re b u k e d th e m , h a v in g g iv e n re aso n ed ta lk , he a d d re sse d th e m o n k s, s a y in g : " W h o , m o n ks, is w o r th y o f th e b e st se a t, th e b e st w a te r 2 (for w a sh in g ), th e b est a lm s ? S o m e m o n k s sp o k e th u s : " W h o e v e r, L o rd , h a s g o n e fo r th fro m a n o b le fa m ily , h e is w o r th y o f th e b e st . . . a lm s . S o m e m o n k s sp o k e th u s : " W h o e v e r, L o rd , h a s g o n e fo rth fro m a b ra h m in fa m ily . . fro m a h o u se h o ld e r's fa m ily . . . . W h o e v e r , L o rd , k n o w s th e suttantas 3 . . . is a n e x p e r t on d isc ip lin e . . . is a te a c h e r o f dham m a . . . is p o ssessed o f th e first m e d ita tio n 4 . . . is po ssessed o f th e se co n d m e d ita tio n . . . is p o ssessed o f th e th ird m e d ita tio n . . . is p o ssessed o f th e fo u rth m e d ita tio n 1 C f . a similar passage at V i n . i v . 16. 1 a g g o d a k a tn , explained by d a k k h in o d a k a at V A . 1221 = M A . i. 145. Af. i. 28, ii. 204. 8 With this and the next two items c f. a similar list at V i n , iii. 159. 4 With this list to the end, c f. V i n . iv. 24.
C f.

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. . . is a stre a m -w in n e r . . . a o n c e -re tu rn e r . . . a n o n re tu rn e r . . . o n e p e rfe c te d . . . a th re e fo ld w isd o m m a n . . . a s ix fo ld su p e rk n o w le d g e m a n , h e is w o r th y o f th e b e st se a t, th e b e st w a te r (for w a s h in g ), th e b e st a lm s . || 2 || T h e n th e L o rd a d d re sse d th e m o n k s, s a y in g : " F o r m e r ly ,1 m o n k s, th e re u sed t o b e a la rg e b a n y a n on a slo p e o f th e H im a la y a s. T h re e frien d s liv e d n e a r it : a p a rtrid g e , a m o n k e y a n d a b u ll-e le p h a n t. T h e se liv e d c o u rte o u s , d e fe re n tia l, p o lite 2 to one a n o th e r. T h e n , m o n k s, it o c c u rre d to th e se frie n d s : ' N o w le t u s find o u t w h ic h o f u s is th e e ld e s t b y b irth . W e sh o u ld re sp e ct, re v e re, re v e re n ce , h o n o u r h im , a n d w e sh o u ld a b id e b y h is a d v ic e / T h e n , m o n k s, th e p a rtrid g e an d th e m o n k e y a sk e d th e b u ll-e le p h a n t : Y o u , frie n d , w h a t lo n g -a g o th in g d o y o u re m em b er ? " ' W h e n I, frien d s, w a s y o u n g I u se d t o p ass o v e r th is b a n y a n k e e p in g it b e tw e e n m y th ig h s , a n d th e to p m o s t sh o o ts b ru sh e d a g a in st m y b e lly . T h is , frien d s, is a lo n g -a g o th in g th a t I re m e m b e r/ " T h e n , m o n k s, th e p a r tr id g e a n d th e b u ll-e le p h a n t a sk e d th e m o n k e y : Y o u , frien d , w h a t lo n g -a g o th in g d o y o u re m em b er ? * " ' W h e n I , frien d s, w a s y o u n g , h a v in g s a t d o w n on th e g ro u n d , I u sed to e a t th e to p m o s t sh o o ts o f th is b a n y a n . T h is, frien d s, is a lo n g -a g o th in g th a t I re m e m b e r/ " T h e n , m o n k s, th e m o n k e y a n d th e b u ll-e le p h a n t a s k e d th e p a r tr id g e : ' Y o u , frien d , w h a t lo n g -a g o th in g d o y o u re m em b er ? * F rie n d s, in a c e rta in o p e n sp a c e th e re w a s a g re a t b a n y a n . I , h a v in g e a te n one o f its fru its, re lie v e d m y s e lf in t h a t o pen sp ace , a n d th is b a n y a n h a s g ro w n fro m th a t. S o I , frien d s, a m th e eld est b y b ir th / [16 1] " T h e n , m o n k s, th e m o n k e y a n d th e b u ll-e le p h a n t sp o k e th u s to th e p a r tr id g i ; ' Y o u , frien d , a re th e e ld e s t o f us b y b ir th . W e w ill re sp e ct, re v e re , re v e re n c e , h o n o u r y o u a n d w e w ill a b id e b y y o u r a d v ic e / T h e n , m o n k s, th e p a r tr id g e ca u se d th e m o n k e y a n d th e b u ll-e le p h a n t to u n d e rta k e th e fiv e m o ra l h a b its a n d h im se lf fo llo w ed th e o b se rv a n c e o f th e fiv e m o ra l h a b its . T h e y ,
1 T h i s e p is o d e f o r m s t h e T ittir a jd ta k a , J d . N o . ^7* a A s a t M V . I . 25 . 6, V . 4 . 3. '

227 C U L L A V A G G A VI 6 .3 - 5 ] h a v in g liv e d c o u rte o u s, d e fe re n tia l, p o lite to one a n o th e r, a t th e b r e a k in g u p o f th e b o d y a fte r d y in g aro se in a h a p p y b o u rn , a h e a v e n w o rld . T h is, m o n ks, ca m e to be k n o w n a s the P a rtrid g e B r a h m a -fa r in g / 1 T h o se w h o re v e ren ce th e o ld th o se m en are sk illed in
dham m a,

W o r th y o f p ra ise h ere a n d n o w a n d a h a p p y b o u rn h ere a fte r. || 3 || " W e ll th e n , m o n k s, if a n im a ls, b re a th e rs, c a n liv e c o u rteo u s, d e fere n tia l, p o lite to one a n o th e r, so d o y o u , m o n k s, le t y o u r lig h t sh in e fo r th h ere so t h a t y o u , g o n e fo rth in th is dham m a a n d d iscip lin e w h ic h a re w e ll ta u g h t, liv e lik e w ise co u rteo u s, d e fere n tia l, p o lite to one a n o th e r. I t is n o t, m o n k s, fo r p le a sin g th o se w h o a re n o t (yet) p le a se d . . . . " H a v in g g iv e n reaso n ed ta lk , h e a d d ressed th e m o n k s, s a y in g ; " I a llo w , m o n k s, g re e tin g , risin g u p for, jo in in g th e p a lm s in sa lu ta tio n , p ro p e r h o m a g e , th e b e st s e a t, th e b e st w a te r (for w a sh in g ), th e b e st a lm s a c c o rd in g to se n io rity . B u t, m o n ks, w h a t b e lo n g s to .an O rd er sh o u ld n o t b e re se rv e d a c co rd in g to se n io rity . W h o e v e r sh o u ld (so) re se rv e it, th e re is a n o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g . |j 4 || M onks, th e re are th ese te n w h o a re n o t to b e g re e te d ; one o rd a in e d la te r is n o t t o b e g re e te d b y one o rd a in e d e a rlie r ; one n o t o rd a in e d is n o t to b e g re e te d ; o n e b e lo n g in g to a d ifferen t co m m u n io n (even) if he is m o re sen io r (yet) sp e a k s w h a t is n o t -d h a m m a is n o t to be g re e te d ; a w o m a n is n o t to b e g re e te d ; a e u n u c h . * . one u n d e r p r o b a tio n 2 . . . one w ho d e se rve s to b e se n t b a c k t o th e b e g in n in g 3 * . . one w h o d eserves m anatta . . , o n e u n d e rg o in g m anatta . . , one d e se rvin g re h a b ilita tio n is n o t to b e g re e te d . T h e se , te n , m o n k s, a re n o t to b e g re e te d . T h e se th ree, m o n k s, a re t o b e g re e te d : one o rd a in e d e a rlie r is to b e g re e te d b y one o rd a in e d la te r ; one b e lo n g in g to a d iffere n t co m m u n io n if h e is m ore sen io r an d sp e a k s w h a t is dham m a is to b e g re e te d ; a n d , m o n k s, a T r u th finder, a p e rfe cte d on e, a fu lly S e lf-a w a k e n e d o n e 4 is t o b e g ree te d in th e w o rld w ith it s devas , w ith it s M aras, w ith its
1 * * * T h is s e n t e n c e is q u o t e d a t D A . i. 1 7 8 . S e e C V . XI. 1. 2 . S e e C V . I I I . 15. Cf. A. ii. 34j TU p . 8 7 f.

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B ra h m a s, b y c re a tu re s w ith reclu ses a n d b ra h m in s, w ith devas a n d m a n k in d . T h e se th re e , m o n k s , a re to b e g r e e te d ." || 5 || 6 || N o w a t th a t tim e p e o p le p re p a re d sh e d s fo r a n O rd er, th e y p re p a re d ru gs, t h e y p re p a re d o p e n sp a ce s. [16 2 ] M o n k s w h o w ere p u p ils o f th e g ro u p o f s ix m o n k s ,1 s a y in g : O n ly w h a t b elo n g s t o a n O rd e r is n o t a llo w e d a c c o rd in g to s e n io r ity b y th e L o rd , n ot w h a t is m a d e o n p u rp o se fo r i t , " h a v in g g o n e a lo n g in fro n t o f th e O rd e r o f m o n k s w ith th e A w a k e n e d O n e a t its h e a d , to o k possession o f th e sh ed s, to o k p o ssessio n o f th e ru gs, to o k possession o f th e o p e n sp a ce s, th in k in g : " T h is w ill b e fo r o u r p re c e p to rs, th is w ill be fo r o u r te a c h e rs , th is w ill be fo r u s / ' T h e n th e v e n e ra b le S a r ip u tta , h a v in g g o n e a lo n g clo se b e h in d th e O rd e r o f m o n k s w ith th e A w a k e n e d O n e a t its h e a d , n ot h a v in g a c h a n c e to g e t an o p e n sp a c e th e sh ed s b e in g ta k e n possession of, th e ru g s b e in g ta k e n p o ssession o f, th e o p e n sp a c e s b e in g ta k e n p o ssessio n o f s a t d o w n a t th e ro o t o f a c e rta in tre e. T h e n th e L o rd , g e ttin g u p d u rin g th e n ig h t to w a rd s m o rn in g , c o u g h e d . T h e v e n e ra b le S a r ip u tta a lso co u g h e d . W h o is th e re ? " I t is I, L o rd , S a r ip u tta ." W h y are y o u , S a r ip u tta , s ittin g h ere ? " T h e n th e v e n e ra b le S a r ip u tta to ld th is m a tte r t o th e L o r d . T h e n th e L o rd on th is o cca sio n , in th is c o n n e c tio n , h a v in g h a d th e O rd e r o f m o n k s c o n v e n e d , q u e stio n e d th e m o n k s, s a y in g : Is it tru e , a s is said , m o n k s, H a v in g re b u k e d th e m , h a v in g g iv e n re aso n ed ta lk , h e a d d re sse d th e m o n k s, s a y in g : M o n k s, e v e n w h a t is m a d e on p u rp o se fo r a n O rd e r sh o u ld n o t be re se rve d a c c o rd in g to s e n io rity . W h o e v e r sh o u ld (so) re se rv e it, th e re is a n o ffen ce o f w r o n g -d o in g ." || 7 || N o w a t th a t tim e in a r e fe c to r y in sid e a h o u se p e o p le a p p o in te d h ig h a n d b ro a d th in g s to reclin e u p o n , th a t is to s a y :2 a s o fa ,3 a d iv a n , a lo n g -h a ire d c o v e r le t, a m a n y -c o lo u re d c o v e rle t, a w h ite c o v e rle t, a w o o l c o v e r le t b esp ren t w ith flow ers,
1 A s in C V . V I . 6 . 1. * L i s t a s a t M V . V . 10. 4 . S e e B . D . i v . p . 2 5 6 f o r n o t e s . D e fin it io n o f a s a n d i a t T h a g A . i. 1 3 7 is t h a t i t is a lo n g - le g g e d fo u r c o r n e r e d c h a ir u p o n w h ic h i t is p o s s ib le t o s it b u t n o t t o lie .

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a c o tto n q u ilt, a w o o l c o v e r le t d e c o ra te d w ith a n im a ls form s, a w o o l c o v e rin g w ith h a ir o n th e u p p e r sid e, a w o o l c o v e rin g w ith h a ir a t one side, a silk e n sh e et stu d d e d w ith je w e ls, a sh eet m a d e w ith silk th re a d a n d stu d d e d w ith je w e ls , a d a n c e r's c a rp e t, an e le p h a n t ru g , a h orse ru g , a c h a rio t ru g , ru g s o f b la c k a n te lo p e skin s, a sp le n d id sh e e tin g o f th e h id e o f th e kadali- deer, a sh e et w ith an a w n in g a b o v e , a c o u c h w ith a red cu sh io n at e ith e r en d . M o n k s, b e in g sc ru p u lo u s, d id n o t s it d o w n on th e m .1 T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o r d . H e sa id : I a llo w yo u , m o n ks, e x c e p t fo r th e th re e : a so fa , a d iv a n , a c o tto n q u ilt, to sit d o w n on w h a t is d is p la y e d b y h o u seh o ld ers, b u t not to lie d o w n on i t ."2 N o w a t th a t tim e in a r e fe c to r y in sid e a h o u se p eo p le a p p o in te d a c o u ch a n d a c h a ir, b o th c o v e r e d u p w ith c o tto n .3 M on ks, b e in g sc ru p u lo u s, d id n o t sit d o w n on th e m . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : " I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, t o sit d o w n on w h a t is d is p la y e d b y h o u seh o ld ers, b u t n ot to lie d o w n on i t / 3 || 8 || T h e n th e L o r d , w a lk in g on to u r, in d u e co u rse a r r iv e d a t S a v a tth i. T h e L o rd s ta y e d th e re a t S a v a t t h i [16 3 } in th e J e t a G ro v e in A n a th a p in d ik a s m o n a ste ry . T h e n th e h o u seh o ld er A n a th a p in d ik a a p p ro a c h e d th e L o r d ; h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d , h a v in g g re e te d th e L o rd , he s a t d o w n a t a re sp e c tfu l d ista n ce. A s he w a s s ittin g d o w n a t a re sp e c tfu l d is ta n c e th e h o u seh o ld er A n a th a p in d ik a sp o k e th u s to th e L o r d : " L o rd , m a y th e L o rd co n sen t to a m e a l w ith m e on th e m o rro w to g e th e r w ith th e O rd er o f m o n k s / ' T h e L o rd c o n se n te d b y b e c o m in g silen t. T h e n th e h o u seh o ld er A n a th a p in d ik a , h a v in g u n d e rsto o d th e L o r d 's co n se n t, risin g fro m h is se a t d e p a rte d k e e p in g h is rig h t side to w a rd s h im . T h e n th e h o u se h o ld e r A n a th a p in d ik a , h a v in g h a d su m p tu o u s fo o d s, so lid a n d s o ft, p re p a re d to w a rd s th e en d o f th a t n ig h t, h a d th e tim e a n n o u n c e d t o th e L o rd , s a y in g : " I t is tim e , L o rd , th e m ea l is r e a d y . T h e n th e L o rd , h a v in g d ressed in th e m o rn in g , ta k in g his b o w l a n d ro b e, a p p ro a ch e d th e d w e llin g o f th e h o u seh o ld er A n a th a p in d ik a ;
1 M a d e a n o ffe n c e o f w r o n g - d o in g a t M V . V . 10. 5 t o u s e a n y o f t h e s e t h in g s . a C f . V in . i. 19 4 ( B . D . i v . 2 5 9 ). 8 tu lo n a d d h a . C f . o n a d d h a m a n ca o n a d d k a p ith a a t C V . V I . 2. 7 , a n d V in . ii. 2 7 0 . C f . a ls o V i n . i. 1 9 4 .

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h a v in g a p p ro a ch e d , he sa t d o w n on th e a p p o in te d se a t to g e th e r w ith th e O rd er o f m o n k s. T h e n th e h o u se h o ld e r A n a th a p in d ik a , h a v in g w ith his o w n h a r d se rv e d a n d sa tis fie d th e O rd e r o f m o n k s w ith th e A w a k e n e d O n e a t its h e a d w ith s u m p tu o u s food s, so lid a n d so ft, w h e n th e L o r d h a d e a te n a n d h a d w ith d ra w n his h a n d fro m h is b o w l, sa t d o w n a t a re s p e c tfu l d is ta n c e . A s he w a s s ittin g d o w n a t a re s p e c tfu l d is ta n c e th e h o u se h o ld e r A n a th a p in d ik a sp o k e th u s to th e L o r d : W h a t lin e o f c o n d u c t am I, L o rd , to fo llo w in re g a rd to th e J e t a G r o v e ? " W e ll n o w , d o y o u , h o u seh o ld er, h a v e th e J e t a G ro v e p re p a re d fo r (the use of) th e O rd e r o f th e fo u r q u a r te r s ,1 p re se n t a n d to c o m e ." V e r y w e ll, L o r d ," a n d th e h o u se h o ld e r A n a th a p in d ik a , h a v in g a n sw e re d th e L o rd in a ss e n t, h a d th e J e t a G ro v e p re p a re d fo r (the use of) th e O rd e r o f th e fo u r q u a rte rs , p re se n t a n d to co m e. || x || T h e n th e L o r d th a n k e d th e h o u se h o ld e r A n a th a p in d ik a in th ese ve rse s :2 T h e y w a rd o ff co ld a n d h e a t a n d b e a sts o f p r e y fro m th e re . . . H e, k n o w in g th a t dham m a h e re , a tta in s n ib b a n a , c a n k e rless. [164] T h e n th e L o rd , h a v in g g iv e n th a n k s to th e h o u seh o ld er A n a th a p in d ik a in th e s e v e rse s, ris in g fro m h is se a t d e p a rte d . II 2 II 9 j| N o w a t t h a t tim e a c e rta in c h ie f m in iste r w h o w a s a d iscip le o f th e N a k e d A s c e tic s h a d a m e a l fo r a n O rd er. T h e v e n e ra b le U p a n a n d a , th e so n o f th e S a k y a n s , h a v in g a r r iv e d a fte r (the others) w h ile th e m ea l w a s y e t u n fin ish e d , tu r n e d a w a y th e m o n k w h o w a s n e x t to h im ,3 a n d th e re w a s a n u p ro a r in th e re fe c to ry . T h e n th a t c h ie f m in iste r . . . sp re a d it a b o u t, s a y in g : H o w c a n th e se reclu ses, so n s o f th e S a k y a n s , h a v in g a rriv e d a fte r (th e o th ers) tu rn a w a y m o n k s w h ile a m ea l is y e t u n fin ish ed so t h a t th e re is a n u p ro a r in th e r e fe c to r y ? N o w , is it n o t p o ssib le, e v e n s ittin g so m e w h e re else, to e a t
1 S e e M V . V I I I . 27. 5 ; C V . V I . 1. 4. a A s a t C V . V I . 1. 5 a b o v e a n d J d . i. 9 3 . * I . e . in t h e p r o c e s s io n f o r a lm s . T e x t r e a d s h e r e a n d a t V i n . iv . 234 a n a n ta r ik a w h ic h V i n . T e x t s iii* 19 8 , n . 4 s a y s ** is a m i s p r i n t " f o r d n a n ta r ik a . C f . V i n . i. 3 2 1 .

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as m u ch a s one p lea ses ? M o n k s h e a rd th is c h ie f m in iste r as he . . . sp rea d it a b o u t. T h o se w h o w e re m o d est m o n k s . . . sp rea d it a b o u t, s a y in g : " H o w c a n th e v e n e ra b le U p a n a n d a , th e son o f th e S a k y a n s , h a v in g a r r iv e d a fte r (the oth ers), tu rn a w a y th e m o n k w h o is n e x t to h im w h ile th e m eal is y e t u n fin ish e d so th a t th e re is a n u p ro a r in th e r e fe c to r y ? T h e n th ese m o n k s to ld this m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : " Is it tru e , as is sa id , th a t y o u , U p a n a n d a , h a v in g a rriv e d . . . in th e r e fe c to r y ? " I t is tru e , L o r d . T h e A w a k e n e d O n e, th e L o rd re b u k ed h im , s a y in g : " H o w c a n y o u , fo o lish m a n , h a v in g a r r iv e d . . . in a re fe c to ry ? I t is n o t, fo o lish m a n , fo r p le a sin g th o se w h o are n ot (yet) p le a se d . . . / ' H a v in g re b u k e d h im , h a v in g g iv e n re aso n ed ta lk , h e a d d re sse d th e m o n k s, s a y in g : M o n k s, a m o n k sh o u ld n o t tu rn (another) a w a y w h ile a m e a l is y e t u n fin ish ed . W h o e v e r sh o u ld tu rn (another) a w a y , th e re is an o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g . I f he tu rn s (another) a w a y w h o is in v ite d (to th e m eal), he sh o u ld b e to ld , O o a n d fe tc h w a te r / I f th is is th u s a c co m p lish e d , th a t is g o o d ; if it is n o t a c co m p lish e d , h a v in g sw a llo w e d lu m p s o f b o ile d rice p ro p e rly , h is se a t sh o u ld b e g iv e n to a se n io r m o n k . B u t th is I sa y , m o n k s : th a t n o t b y a n y m e th o d sh o u ld a se a t be re se rve d fo r a sen io r m o n k . W h o e v e r sh o u ld re se rve one, th e re is an o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g / ' || 1 l| N o w a t th a t tim e th e g ro u p o f s ix m o n k s tu rn e d ill m o n k s a w a y . T h e ill ones sp o k e th u s : " W e , y o u r re ve ren ce s, a re n o t a b le to g e t up, w e a re ill. S a y in g , " W e w ill tu rn th e v e n e ra b le ones a w a y , h a v in g ta k e n h o ld o f th e m , h a v in g tu rn ed th e m a w a y , th e y le t g o (of them ) w h ile t h e y w ere sta n d in g . T h e ill ones, on b e in g le t g o o f, fe ll d o w n . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e ra id : M on ks, o n e w h o is ill sh o u ld n o t b e tu r n e d a w a y . W h o e v e r sh o u ld tu r n h im a w a y , th e re is an o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g . N o w a t th a t tim e th e g ro u p o f s ix [165] m o n k s, s a y in g : W e are ill, w e are n o t to b e tu rn e d a w a y , k e p t to th e b est sleep in g p la ce s. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : " I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to g iv e a s u ita b le slee p in g p la c e to one w h o is ill. N o w a t th a t tim e th e g ro u p o f s ix m o n k s re se rv e d lo d g in g s

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on (som e sligh t) p r e t e x t .1 T h e y to ld th is m a t t e r to th e L o rd . H e said : M on ks, a lo d g in g sh o u ld n o t be re se rv e d on (som e sligh t) p r e te x t. W h o e v e r sh o u ld (so) re se rv e it, th e re is an offence o f w ro n g -d o in g ." || 2 || 10 || N o w a t th a t tim e th e g ro u p o f se v e n te e n m o n k s 2 w ere re p a irin g 3 a la rg e d w e llin g -p la c e in th e n e ig h b o u rh o o d , th in k in g : " W e w ill sp en d th e ra in s h e r e . T h e g ro u p o f s ix m o n k s sa w th e g ro u p o f se v e n te e n m o n k s a s t h e y w e re re p a irin g th e d w e llin g -p la ce , a n d se e in g th e m , t h e y sp o k e th u s : " Y o u r re ve ren ce s, th e g ro u p o f se v e n te e n m o n k s are re p a irin g a d w e llin g -p la c e . C o m e, w e w ill tu rn th e m a w a y / S o m e sp o k e th u s : " W a it , y o u r re v e ren ce s, u n til t h e y h a v e rep aired it ; w h en it is re p a ire d , w e w ill tu r n th e m a w a y ." T h e n th e g ro u p o f s ix m o n k s s p o k e th u s to th e g r o u p o f se ve n te e n m o n k s : " G o a w a y , y o u r re v e ren ce s, th e d w e llin g p la ce w a s o b ta in e d 4 b y u s . Y o u r re v e ren ce s, sh o u ld n o t th is h a v e b e en e x p la in e d b efo re, a n d w e w o u ld h a v e re p a ire d a n o th e r ? " Y o u f re v e ren ce s, d o es n o t a d w e llin g -p la c e b e lo n g to th e O rd er P " Y e s , y o u r re v e ren ce s, a d w e llin g -p la c e b e lo n g s to th e O rd e r/ ' " G o a w a y , y o u r re ve ren ce s, th e d w e llin g -p la c e w a s o b ta in e d b y u s/' Y o u r re ve ren ce s, th e d w e llin g -p la c e is b i g ; y o u s ta y , a n d w e to o w ill s t a y . G o a w a y , y o u r re ve ren ce s, th e d w e llin g -p la c e w a s o b ta in e d b y u s , a n d a n g ry , d isp lea sed , h a v in g ta k e n th e m b y th e th r o a t, the}' th re w th e m o u t. T h e se b e in g th ro w n o u t, w e p t. M o n k s sp o k e th u s : W h y do y o u , y o u r re v e ren ce s, w e e p ? Y o u r re ve ren ce s, th is g ro u p o f s ix m o n k s, a n g r y , d is p leased , th re w u s o u t o f a d w e llin g -p la c e b e lo n g in g to th e O rd e r. T h o se w h o w e re m o d e st m o n k s lo o k e d d o w n u p o n , c riticise d , sp re a d it a b o u t, s a y in g : " H o w c a n th is g r o u p o f
1 le s a k a p p a . V A . 12 2 2 s a y s f o r a s m a ll t h i n g , n o t h in g m o r e t h a n a h e a d a c h e . 1 A s a t P ic . 17. T r a n s l a t e d a t B . D . ii. 2 5 0 1 , q ,v t fo r n o t e s . p a fis a m k h a r o ti, r e s t o r e , r e p a ir , m e n d . 4 p a p u n a ti.

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s ix m o n ks, a n g ry , d isp leased , th ro w o u t m o n k s fro m a d w ellin g p la ce b e lo n g in g to a n O rd e r ? T h e n th ese m o n k s to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : Js it tru e, as is sa id , m o n k s, th a t th e g ro u p o f s ix m on ks, a n g r y , d isp le a se d , th re w o u t m o n k s fro m a d w e llin g -p la c e b e lo n g in g to a n O rd e r ? I t is tru e, L o r d .*'1 H a v in g re b u k e d th e m , h a v in g g iv e n reasoned ta lk , he a d d ressed th e m o n k s, s a y in g : M onks, a m o n k sh o u ld n o t be th ro w n o u t o f a d w e llin g p la ce b e lo n g in g to an O rd er b y one w h o is a n g ry , d isp leased . W h o e v e r (such) sh o u ld th ro w h im o u t sh o u ld be d e a lt w ith a c co rd in g to th e r u le .2 I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to a ssig n 3 lo d g in g s . f| 1 f| T h e n it o ccu rre d to th e m o n k s : " N o w b y w h o m sh o u ld lo d g in g s b e a ssig n e d ? T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . [166] H e s a i d : I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to a g ree u p o n a m o n k e n d o w e d w ith fiv e q u a litie s a s a ssig n e r o f lo d g in g s one w h o w o u ld n ot fo llo w a w ro n g co u rse 5 th ro u g h d esire, one w h o w o u ld n o t fo llo w a w ro n g co u rse th ro u g h h a tre d , one w h o w o u ld n o t fo llo w a w ro n g co u rse th ro u g h s tu p id ity , o n e * w h o w o u ld not fo llo w a w ro n g co u rse th ro u g h fe a r, a n d one w h o w o u ld k n o w w h a t is ta k e n a n d w h a t is n o t ta k e n . A n d th u s, m o n k s, sh o u ld he be a g ree d u p o n : F ir s t, a m o n k sh o u ld be a sk e d . H a v in g a sk e d h im , th e O rd er sh o u ld b e in fo rm ed b y an e x p e rie n ced , c o m p e te n t m o n k , s a y in g : * H o n o u red sirs, le t th e O rd er liste n to m e. I f it seem s rig h t to th e O rd er, th e O rd er sh o u ld a g ree upon th e m o n k S o -a n d -so a s assig n er o f lo d g in g s. T h is is th e m o tio n . H o n o u red sirs, le t th e O rd e r liste n to m e. T h e O rd er is a g re e in g u p o n th e m o n k S o -a n d -so as assig n er o f lo d g in g s. I f th e a g re e m e n t u p o n th e m o n k S o -a n d -so as assig n e r o f lo d g in g s is p le a sin g to th e v e n e ra b le ones, th e y sh o u ld b e sile n t ; he to w h o m it is n o t p le a sin g sh o u ld sp e a k . T h e m o n k S o -a n d -so is a g re e d u p o n b y th e O rd er as assig n er
1 C u la v a g g a a n d P d c it t iy a v e r s io n s p r o c e e d d i f f e r e n t ly f r o m h e r e . 8 P a c . 17. * ga h etu m . 4 sen d sa n a g a h d p a k a ; c f. p a tta g d h d p a k a a n d s e e B . D . ii. 1 2 2 , n . 1 . To t h e e n d o f || 2 || is t h e s a m e a s t h e p a s s a g e a t V i n . iii. 2 4 6 - 7 { B .D . ii. 12 2 ) d e a lin g w it h t h e a s s ig n e r o f b o w ls . * S e e B . D . ii. 1 2 2 , n . 2.

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o f lo d g in g s. I t is p le a sin g to th e O rd er, th e re fo re it is sile n t. T h u s d o I u n d e rsta n d th is V ' || 2 || T h e n it o ccu rred to th e m o n k s w h o w ere th e assig n ers of lo d g in g s : N o w , h o w sh o u ld th e lo d g in g s be a ssig n e d ? T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : I a llo w y o u , m o n ks, first to c o u n t th e m o n k s ; h a v in g c o u n te d th e m o n k s, to c o u n t th e slee p in g p la c e s h a v in g c o u n te d th e sle e p in g p laces, to assign a c co rd in g to th e a c c o m m o d a tio n fo r sle e p in g p la c e s . 2 A s sig n in g a c co rd in g to th e a c c o m m o d a tio n fo r slee p in g p la ces (some) slee p in g p la c e s w ere le ft o v e r .3 I a llo w yo u , m o n ks, t o a ssig n a c c o rd in g t o th e a c co m m o d a tio n in d w e llin g -p la c e s. A s sig n in g a c c o rd in g to th e a c c o m m o d a tion in d w e llin g -p la c e s (some) d w e llin g -p la c e s w ere le ft o v e r. I a llo w y o u , m o n ks, to a ssig n a c c o rd in g to th e a c co m m o d a tio n in c e lls . 4 A s sig n in g a c c o rd in g to th e a c c o m m o d a tio n in ce lls (some) ce lls w ere le ft o v e r. " I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to g iv e a n a d d itio n a l s h a r e 5 a ls o . W h en an a d d itio n a l sh a re h a d been o c cu p ie d a n o th e r m o n k a rriv e d . I t n eed n o t be g iv e n (to h im if th e o ccu p ier) is n o t w illin g . 8 N o w a t th a t tim e m o n k s a ssig n ed lo d g in g s to one w h o w a s sta n d in g o u tsid e a b o u n d a ry . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id ; M onks, a lo d g in g sh o u ld n o t be a ssig n ed to one s ta n d in g o u tsid e a b o u n d a ry . W h o e v e r sh o u ld (so) assign it, th e re is an o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g . N o w a t t h a t tim e m o n k s, h a v in g o c c u p ie d lo d g in g s, re se rv e d th e m fo r all tim e. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : " M onks, h a v in g o c c u p ie d a lo d g in g , it sh o u ld n o t be r'eserved fo r a ll tim e. W h o e v e r sh o u ld re se rv e it (th u s), th ere is an o ffen ce o f w rq n g -d o in g . I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to reserve
1 V A . 12 2 3 c a l ls t h e s e t h e p l a c e s f o r c o u c h e s . * seyya ggen a. V A . 12 2 3 e x p l a i n s b y s e y y a p a r ic c h e d e n a , b y t h e s p a c e , ra n ge , a n d s p e a k s o f e a c h m o n k h a v in g a p la c e fo r a c o u c h . C f . b h ih k h a g g e n a , a t C V . X I I . 1. i , a p p a r e n t ly m e a n in g t h e n u m b e r o f m o n k s . * u s s d d iy im s u . C f . V i n . i v . 99 a n d B . D . ii. 3 6 4 , n . 1 . * p a riv e tia . A ? p o in t e d o u t a t V i n . T e x t s iii. 2 0 3 , n . 1 a *' c e ll h e r e a p p e a r s t o b e a u n i t la r g e r t h a n a d w e llin g - p la c e . B u t I d o n o t th in k th a t t h is is n e c e s s a r ily t h e c a s e . P r o b a b l y n o t m o r e t h a n o n e m o n k s l e p t in a c e ll, b u t a d w e llin g - p la c e m ig h t h a v e b e e n u s e d b y t w o a t l e a s t . V A . 12 2 3 in e x p la in in g a n u b h d g a , s a y s t h a t i f t h e r e a r e t o o f e w m o n k s ( fo r t h e a v a i l a b l e s p a c e ) t w o o r t h r e e c e lls s h o u ld b e g i v e n t o e a c h m o n k . 5 an u bhd g a . * n a a kdm a a s a t M V . V I I I . 24. 4.

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it fo r th e th re e m o n th s o f th e ra in s b u t n o t to re se rve it fo r th e d r y se a so n .*'1 || 3 || T h e n it o c cu rre d to th e m o n k s : N o w , h o w m a n y (tim es for) th e a ssig n m e n t o f lo d g in g s a re th e re ? T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : " M o n k s, th e re a re th e se th re e (tim es for) th e a ssig n m e n t o f lo d g in g s : th e e a rlie r ,2 th e la te r ,2 th e in te r v e n in g .3 T h e e a rlie r o n w h ic h t h e y are to be a ssig n ed is th e d a 3' fo llo w in g th e fu ll m oon o f A s a lh a ; th e la te r on w h ic h t h e y are to b e a ssig n ed is th e m o n th fo llo w in g th e fu ll m o o n o f A s a lh a ; th e in te r v e n in g on w h ic h t h e y a re to be a ssig n ed is th e d a y fo llo w in g th e I n v ita tio n , w ith referen ce to th e n e x t rain s-resid en ce. T h e se , m o n k s, a re th e th re e (tim es for) th e a ssig n m e n t o f lo d g in g s/* |j 4 || 11 || T h e S e c o n d P o r tio n fo r R e p e a tin g . [167]

N o w a t th a t tim e th e v e n e ra b le U p a n a n d a , th e son o f th e S a k y a n s , h a v in g o c cu p ie d a lo d g in g in S a v a tth I, w e n t a w a y to som e v illa g e resid en ce a n d o c c u p ie d a lo d g in g th e re too. T h e n it o ccu rre d to th ese m o n k s : " N o w y o u r re v e ren ce s, th is v e n e ra b le U p a n a n d a , th e son o f th e S a k y a n s , is a m a k e r o f strife , a m a k e r o f q u a rrels, a m a k e r o f c o n te n tio n , a m a k e r of d isp u te s, a m a k e r o f le g a l q u e stio n s in th e O rd er. I f he w ill sp en d th e ra in s h ere, n o t one o f us ca n liv e in c o m fo rt. C om e, le t u s a sk h im . T h e n th ese m o n k s sp o k e th u s to th e v e n e ra b le U p a n a n d a , th e so n o f th e S a lty a n s : " H a v e y o u n o t, re v e re n d U p a n a n d a , o c cu p ie d a lo d g in g in S a v a tth I ? " Y e s , y o u r r e v e re n c e s ." B u t d o y o u , re v e re n d U p a n a n d a , (a lth o u g h ) a lo n e reserve tw o (lodgings) ? I , y o u r re v e ren ce s, a m g iv in g u p th e o n e h ere a n d o c c u p y in g th e one th e r e . T h o se w h o w ere m o d e st m o n k s . . . sp rea d it a b o u t, s a y in g : H o w c a n th e v e n e ra b le U p a n a n d a , th e so n o f th e S a k y a n s ,
1 C f , V I . 17. 2 , b e lo w . 1 S e e M V . I I I . 2 . 2 . T h e s e t w o d a t e s a r e t h e s a m e a s t h e e a r lie r a n d t h e la t e r p e r io d s f o r e n t e r in g o n t h e r a in s - r e s id e n c e . 3 T h e " in t e r v e n in g / * a n ta r d m u tta k a , d o e s n o t r e f e r t o a d a t e b e t w e e n t h e s e e a r lie r a n d l a t e r t im e s , b u t t o t h e t i m e b e t w e e n t h e r a in s - r e s id e p c e of one yea r an d th e n e x t. T -o d g in g s w o u ld b e c o m e v a c a n t a t t h e e n d o f t h e r a in s (s e e a b o v e || 3 ||) a n d t h e n a s s ig n m e n t f o r t h e n e x t r a in s c o u ld t a k e p la c e . I t s e e m s t h a t t h e f ir s t t w o a r e c o m p u ls o r y , t h e t h ir d o p t io n a l, s e e V A . 12 2 3 .

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(although) a lo n e re se rv e tw o (lod gings) ? T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . T h e n th e L o r d on th is o c ca sio n , in th is c o n n e ctio n , h a v in g h a d th e O rd e r o f m o n k s c o n v e n e d , q u e stio n ed th e v e n e ra b le U p a n a n d a , th e so n o f th e S a k y a n s , s a y in g : " Is it tru e , a s is sa id , th a t y o u , U p a n a n d a . . . (lodgings) ? I t is tru e , L o r d ." T h e A w a k e n e d O n e, th e L o rd , re b u k e d him , s a y in g : " H o w c a n y o u , fo o lish m a n , (a lth o u g h ) a lo n e re se rv e tw o (lodgings) ? T h e one o c c u p ie d b y y o u th e re , fo o lish m a n , is lo st h e re ,1 th e one o c c u p ie d b y y o u h ere is lo s t th e re . T h u s are y o u , fo o lish m a n , e x c lu d e d fro m b o th . I t is n o t, fo o lish m an , fo r p le a sin g th o se w h o a re n o t (yet) p le a se d h a v in g g iv e n re aso n ed ta lk , h e a d d re sse d th e m o n k s, s a y in g : " M onks, tw o (lodgings) sh o u ld n o t b e re se rv e d b y one (m onk). W h o e v e r sh o u ld re se rv e (th em ), th e re is a n o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g . || 12 || N o w a t th a t tim e th e L o r d 2 in m a n y a fig u re t a lk e d a ta lk on d iscip lin e t o th e m o n k s, h e sp o k e in p ra ise o f d isc ip lin e , he sp ok e in p raise o f a c c o m p lis h m e n t in d isc ip lin e , h e sp o k e in p raise o f th e v e n e ra b le U p a li, re fe rrin g (to him ) a g a in a n d a g a in . M o n k s sp o k e th u s : " T h e L o rd in m a n y a figu re t a lk e d a ta lk on d iscip lin e . . . h e s p o k e in p ra ise o f th e v e n e ra b le U p a li, referrin g (to him ) a g a in a n d a g a in . C o m e , y o u r re v e re n c e s, le t u s m a ste r d iscip lin e u n d e r th e v e n e ra b le U p a li, a n d th e y , m a n y m o n k s eld ers a n d n e w ly o rd a in e d a n d th o s e o f m id d le sta n d in g m a ste re d d iscip lin e u n d e r th e v e n e ra b le U p a li. T h e v e n e ra b le U p a li, o u t o f re sp e c t fo r th e m o n k s w h o w e re eld ers, re cite d s ta n d in g , a n d also th e m o n k s w h o w e re eld ers, o u t o f re sp e ct fo r dham m a ,3 h a d it re c ite d sta n d in g , so t h a t th e m o n k s w h o w ere eld ers w ere tire d as w e ll as th e v e n e ra b le U p a li. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : I a llo w y o u , m onks, [168] w h e n a n e w ly o rd a in e d m o n k is re c itin g to sit d o w n on a se a t th a t is th e sa m e (heigh t) o r on a h ig h e r one o u t o f resp ect fo r dham m a ; w h e n a m o n k w h o is a n eld er
1 has * * T h e o n e ta k e n , in e a c h p l a c e is a u t o m a t i c a l l y l o s t j u s t b e c a u s e a' m o n k ta k e n th e m b o th . T h e t w o i n t r o d u c t o r y s e n t e n c e s o c c u r a l s o a t V i n . i v . 1 4 2 ( B . D . iii. 4 0 ). C f . S e k h i y a s , N o s . 5 7 - 7 2 a n d e s p e c ia ll y N o . 6 9 .

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is h a v in g it re cite d to sit d o w n o n a se a t th a t is th e sam e (height) o r o n a lo w e r one o u t o f re sp e c t fo r dham m a . |j r || N o w a t th a t tim e m a n y m o n k s sta n d in g n e a r th e v e n e ra b le U p a li g re w tire d w a itin g fo r th e re c ita tio n . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : " I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to s it d o w n w ith th o se e n title d to se a ts o f an e q u a l (h e ig h t). T h e n it o ccu rre d to m o n k s : " N o w , in re sp e c t o f w h a t is one e n title d to se a ts o f an e q u a l (height) ? T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e s a id : I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to sit d o w n to g e th e r w ith th o se w h o a re w ith in th re e y e a r s (of yo u r) s ta n d in g .'*1 N o w a t t h a t tim e se v e ra l m o n k s e n title d to se a ts o f an e q u a l (h eigh t), h a v in g s a t d o w n on a c o u ch , b ro k e th e c o u c h ; h a v in g sa t d o w n on a c h a ir, t h e y b ro k e th e ch a ir. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e s a id : " I a llo w , m o n k s, a c o u c h fo r a g ro u p o f th re e (persons ),2 a c h a ir fo r a g ro u p o f th re e (p erson s). B u t a g ro u p o f th re e (people), h a v in g sa t d o w n o n a c o u ch , b ro k e th e c o u c h ; h a v in g sa t d o w n o n a ch a ir, th e y b ro k e th e c h a ir. I a llo w , m o n k s, a c o u ch fo r a g ro u p of tw o (persons), a c h a ir fo r a g ro u p o f tw o (p erso n s). N o w a t th a t tim e m o n k s w ere (too) sc ru p u lo u s to sit d o w n on a lo n g se a t w ith th o se n o t e n title d to a se a t o f a n e q u a l (h eigh t). T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e s a id : " I a llo w y o u , m o n ks, e x c e p t w ith a e u n u ch , a w o m a n , a h e rm a p h ro d ite , to sit d o w n on a lo n g se a t w ith th o se n o t e n title d to a se a t o f an e q u a l (h e ig h t). T h e n it o ccu rre d to th e m o n k s : N o w , w h a t is th e m a x im u m (length) o f k ' lo n g se a t ? I a llo w , m o n ks, th e m a x im u m (length) o f a lo n g se a t ' (to be) w h a te v e r is th e m a x im u m (length) th a t suffices (to seat) th re e (p erso n s). || 2 || 1 3 || N o w a t t h a t tim e V is a k h a , M ig a ra s m o th e r, w a n te d to h a v e a lo n g h o u se w ith a v e ra n d a h o f th e " e le p h a n t-n a il t y p e 3 b u ilt fo r a n O rd er. T h e n it o c cu rre d to th e m o n k s : " W h a t a p p u rte n a n c e s o f a lo n g h o u se are a llo w e d b y th e L o r d , w h a t are n o t a llo w e d ? T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : I a llo w , m o n k s, a ll th e a p p u rte n a n c e s o f a lo n g h o u s e .
1 I .e . s in c e t h e t i m e o f o r d in a t io n . a tivag ga, t h r e e f o ld . * h a tth in a k h a k a . S e e A . K . C o o m a ra sw a m y , In d . A rch . T erm s, J A O S ., V o l. 48, N o . 3, p . 2 58 .

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N o w a t th a t tim e th e g ra n d m o th e r o f K in g P a se n a d i o f K o s a la passed a w a y .1 O n h e r p a ssin g m a n y u n a llo w a b le g o od s a ccru e d to an O rd er, th a t is to s a y 2 a so fa , a d iv a n . . . a c o tto n q u ilt . . . a c o u c h w ith a re d cu sh io n a t e ith e r end. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, h a v in g b ro k e n o ff 3 th e legs o f a so fa , [169] to m a k e use o f it ; h a v in g d e stro y e d th e h o rse-h a ir (stuffing) o f a d iv a n , to m a k e use o f it ; h a v in g u n ra v e lle d th e c o tto n q u ilt, to m a k e a s q u a ttin g m a t ;4 to m a k e a g ro u n d c o v e r in g w ith w h a t is o v e r . |j 1 4 || N o w a t th a t tim e in a c e rta in v illa g e re sid e n ce n o t fa r fro m S a va tth T th e re sid e n t m o n k s w ere w o rrie d a t p re p a rin g lo d g in g s fo r th e in co m in g m o n k s w h o a rriv e d . T h e n it o c cu rre d to th e se m o n k s : A t p re se n t w e, y o u r re v e re n c e s, are w o rried a t p re p a rin g lo d g in g s fo r in c o m in g m o n k s w h o a rriv e . C o m e, y o u r re ve ren ce s, le t us m a k e o v e r a ll th e lo d g in g s b e lo n g in g to th e O rd e r to one (m onk) a n d w e w ill m a k e use o f th e m as b e lo n g in g t o h im ." S o th e s e m a d e o v e r to one (m onk) a ll th e lo d g in g s b e lo n g in g to th e O rd e r. In c o m in g m o n k s sp o k e th u s to th e s e m o n k s : " M a k e r e a d y lo d g in g s, y o u r re ve ren ce s, fo r u s . Y o u r re ve ren ce s, th e r e a re n o lo d g in g s b e lo n g in g to th e O rd er, w e h a v e m a d e th e m a ll o v e r to o n e (m o n k ). B u t h a v e y o u , y o u r re v e re n c e s, d isp o se d o f lo d g in g s b e lo n g in g t o a n O rd e r ? " Y e s , y o u r re v e re n c e s. T h o s e w h o w e re m o d e st m o n k s . . . sp rea d it a b o u t, s a y in g : " H o w c a n th e s e m o n k s d isp o se o f w h a t b e lo n g s to an O rd e r ? T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id :
1 C f . s. i. 9 7 . * L is t a s a t M V . V . 10. 4 ; C V . V I . 8. * C / . N u n s P a c . 4 2 , w h e r e a n u n m a y u s e a s o fa a n d a d i v a n i f s h e c u t s d o w n , c k in d itv d , t h e l e g s o f t h e f o r m e r a n d c u t s o u t , c h in d itv d , t h e s t u f fin g fr o m t h e l a t t e r . A b o v e b h in d itv a o c c u r s in b o t h p la c e s in s t e a d o f c h in d itv d , ^ ee iii. 3 2 6 , n . 1 ; 3 2 7 , n 3. D A , 88 , q u o t i n g a b o v e p a s s a g e , u s e s b o t h w o r d s : a s a n d iy a p a d e c h in d itv d . . - p a lla n k a s s a v a le b h in d itv a . At M V . V , 10. 5 i t is a d u k k a ta f o r a m o n k t o u s e a s o fa , d i v a n o r c o t t o n q u i l t . t C V . V I . 8 t h e y f o r m t h e t h r e e e x c e p t i o n s t o t h e t h i n g s d is p l a y e d b y a h o u s e h o ld e r t h a t a m o n k m a y s i t d o w n o n . A b o v e t h e y a r e a l lo w e d i f c e r t a in c o n d it io n s a r e fu lf ille d . 4 S im i la r a llo w a n c e a t C V . V I . 2 . 6 .

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I s it tru e , a s is said , m o n ks, t h a t m o n k s d isp o sed o f lo d g in g s b e lo n g in g to an O rd e r ? " I t is tru e , L o r d . T h e A w a k e n e d O n e, th e L o rd , re b u k ed th e m , s a y in g : H o w , m o n k s, can th e se fo o lish m en d isp o se of lo d g in g s b e lo n g in g to a n O rd e r ? I t is n o t, m o n k s, fo r p le a sin g th o se w h o a re n o t (yet) p le a se d . . . A n d h a v in g re b u k e d th em , h a v in g g iv e n reaso n ed ta lk , h e a d d re sse d th e m o n ks, s a y in g : M on ks, th e se fiv e th in g s n o t to b e d isp o sed o f 1 sh o u ld n o t be d isp o sed of b y an O rd e r o r b y a g ro u p o r b y an in d iv id u a l e v e n if d isp o sed o f t h e y a re n o t (really) d isp o sed of. W h o e v e r sh o u ld d isp o se o f th e m , th e re is a g r a v e offen ce. W h a t a re th e fiv e ? A m o n a ste ry , a site fo r a m o n a ste ry . T h is is th e first th in g n o t to b e d isp o se d o f th a t sh o u ld n ot be d isp o sed o f b y a n O rd er o r b y a g ro u p o r b y an in d iv id u a l e v e n if d isp o sed o f it is n o t (really) d isp o se d o f. W h o e v e r sh o u ld d isp o se o f it, th e re is a g r a v e offen ce. A d w e llin g -p la c e , a site fo r a d w e llin g -p la c e . T h is is th e se co n d th in g . . . . A c o u ch , a ch a ir, a m a ttre ss, a s q u a ttin g m a t. T h is is th e th ir d th in g . . . . A c o p p e r p o t, a c o p p e r b o x , a c o p p e r ja r , a c o p p e r ve sse l, an a d ze , a h a tc h e t, a n a x e , a hoe, a sp a d e . T h is is th e fo u rth th in g . . . . J u n g le -ro p e , b a m b o o , c o a rse g ra ss, reed s, Una- grass, c la y , w o o d en go od s, c la y go od s. T h is is th e fifth th in g n o t to b e d isp o sed of t h a t sh o u ld n o t b e d isp o se d o f b y a n O rd er or b y a g ro u p o r b y a n in d iv id u a l even if d isp o sed o f it is n o t (really) d isp o sed o f. W h o e v e r sh o u ld d isp o se o f it, th e re is a g r a v e offen ce. M on ks, th e se fiv e th in g s n o t to b e d isp o sed of sh o u ld n o t b e d isp o se d of b y a n O rd e r o r b y a g ro u p o r b y a n in d iv id u a l e v e n if d isp o sed o f th e y a re n o t (really) d isp o sed o f. W h o e v e r sh o u ld d isp o se o f th e m , th e re is a g r a v e o ffe n c e ." II 2 || 1 5 || T h e n th e L o rd , h a v in g s ta y e d a t S a v a tth I fo r a s lo n g fo u n d su itin g , [170 ] se t o u t on to u r fo r K it a g ir i w ith a O rd er o f m o n k s, w ith a t le a st fiv e h u n d re d m o n k s a n d S a r ip u tta a n d M o g g a lla n a . T h e n th e m o n k s w h o
1 a v is s a jjiy d n i . C f . a v is s a jjik a m a t M V . V I I I . 27. 5 ; v is s a jja k a a t V in . ii. 1 7 7 , i v . 38.

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fo llo w ers o f A s s a ji a n d P u n a b b a s u k a h e a rd : T h e y s a y th a t th e L o rd h a s a r r iv e d a t K it a g ir i w ith a la rg e O rd e r of m o n k s . . . a n d w ith S a r ip u tta a n d M o g g a lla n a . C o m e, y o u r r e v e r ences, le t u s d is trib u te a ll th e lo d g in g s b e lo n g in g to th e O rd er. S a r ip u tta a n d M o g g a lla n a are o f d e p ra v e d d esires, t h e y are u n d e r th e in flu en ce o f d e p ra v e d d esires ; w e w ill n o t m a k e re a d y lo d g in g s fo r t h e m / ' T h e y d is tr ib u te d a ll th e lo d g in g s b e lo n g in g to th e O rd er. T h e n th e L o rd , w a lk in g on to u r, g r a d u a lly re a ch ed K it a g ir i. T h e n th e L o rd a d d re sse d se v e ra l m o n ks, s a y in g : D o y o u go, m o n ks, a n d h a v in g g o n e u p to th e m o n k s w h o are fo llo w ers o f A s s a ji a n d P u n a b b a s u k a , sp e a k th u s : T h e L o rd , y o u r re v e ren ce s, h a s c o m e to g e th e r w ith a la rg e O rd er o f m o n k s . . . a n d w ith S a r ip u tta a n d M o g g a lla n a ; so, y o u r re ve ren ce s, m a k e r e a d y lo d g in g s fo r th e L o r d a n d for th e O rd er o f m o n k s a n d fo r S a r ip u tta a n d M o g g a lla n a ' . " V e r y w e ll, L o r d , a n d th e se m o n k s, h a v in g a n sw e re d th e L o rd in assen t, w e n t u p to th e m o n k s w h o w ere fo llo w e rs o f A s s a ji a n d P u n a b b a s u k a ; h a v in g g o n e u p to th e m o n k s w h o w ere fo llo w ers o f A s s a ji a n d P u n a b b a s u k a , t h e y s p o k e th u s : T h e L o rd , y o u r re ve ren ce s, h a s co m e . . . m a k e r e a d y lo d gin gs fo r th e L o rd a n d fo r th e O rd e r o f m o n k s a n d fo r S a r ip u tta a n d M o g g a lla n a . " T h e re a re no lo d g in g s, y o u r re v e re n c e s, b e lo n g in g to th e O rd er ; a ll w ere d is trib u te d b y us. T h e L o rd , y o u r re v e ren ce s, is w elcom e, th e L o r d c a n s t a y in w h a te v e r d w e llin g -p la c e h e lik es. S a r ip u tta a n d M o g g a lla n a are o f d e p ra v e d d esires, t h e y a re u n d e r th e in flu en ce o f d e p r a v e d d esires ; w e w ill n o t m a k e re a d y lo d g in g s fo r th e m . || i J | B u t d id y o u , y o u r re ve ren ce s, d is tr ib u te lo d g in g s b e lo n g in g to th e O rd e r ? Y e s , y o u r re v e re n c e s. T h o se w h o w e re m o d est m o n k s - . . sp re a d it a b o u t, s a y in g : H o w c a n th e se m o n k s w h o a re fo llo w e rs o f A s s a ji a n d P u n a b b a s u k a d is trib u te lo d g in g s b e lo n g in g to a n O rd e r ? T h en th ese m o n ks to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e s a id : " Is it tru e , a s is said , m o n k s, t h a t m o n k s d is tr ib u te d . . . t o an O rd er ? " I t is tru e , L o r d . " H o w , m on ks, c a n th e se fo o lish m e n d is trib u te lo d g in g s

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b e lo n g in g to a n O rd e r ? I t is n o t, m o n k s, for p le a sin g th o se w h o a re n o t (yet) p le a se d . . . H a v in g reb u k ed th e m , h a v in g g iv e n reaso n ed ta lk , he a d d re sse d th e m o n ks, s a y in g : M on ks, th e se fiv e th in g s n o t to b e d iv id e d u p 1 sh o u ld n o t be d iv id e d u p b y a n O rd e r o r b y a g ro u p o r b y an in d iv id u a l e ve n if d iv id e d u p t h e y a re n o t (really) d iv id e d u p . W h o e v e r sh o u ld d iv id e th e m u p , th e re is a g r a v e o ffen ce. W h a t are th e fiv e ? A m o n a s te r y 2 - . . a g r a v e o ffe n c e . || 2 || 1 6 |j [1 7 1 ] T h e n th e L o rd , h a v in g s ta y e d a t K it a g ir i fo r a s lo n g as he fo u n d su itin g , se t o u t on to u r fo r A la v i. G r a d u a lly , w a lk in g on to u r, h e a r r iv e d a t A la v i. T h e L o rd s ta y e d th e re a t A la v i a t th e c h ie f sh rin e o f A la v i .3 N o w a t th a t tim e th e -m onks o f A la v i g a v e re p a irs su c h a s th e se in to th e c h a rg e (of a m onk) :4 th e y g a v e re p a irs in c h a rg e w h e n th e re w a s m e r e ly p u ttin g asid e in h e a p s 6 . . . w h e n th e re w a s m e r e ly sm e a rin g a w a ll . . . w h en th e re w a s m e re ly p la c in g a d o or . . . w h e n th ere w a s m e re ly m a k in g a p o ck et fo r a b o lt . . . w h en th e re w a s m e re ly m a k in g a w in d o w -h o le . . . w h e n th e re w a s m e re ly tr e a tin g w ith w h ite w a s h . . . w h e n th e re w as m e re ly tre a tin g w ith b la c k c o lo u rin g . . . w h e n th e re w a s m e re ly tr e a tin g w ith red c h a lk . , . w h e n th e re w a s m e r e ly ro o fin g . . . w h en th e re w a s m e r e ly jo in in g . . . w h e n th e re w a s m e re ly p u ttin g on a b a r (to a d o o rp o st ) 8 . . . w h e n th e re w a s m e re ly re sto rin g b ro k e n a n d d ila p id a te d p a r t s 7 . . . w h e n th e re w a s m e re ly p la ste rin g th e flo o rs ;8 an d t h e y g a v e re p a irs in c h a rg e fo r tw e n t y y e a r s , a n d t h e y g a v e re p a irs in c h a rg e fo r t h ir t y y e a rs, a n d t h e y g a v e re p a irs in c h a rg e fo r life , a n d t h e y g a v e th e re p a irs t o a c o m p le te d d w e llin g -p la c e in to th e ch a rg e (of a m o n k u n til) th e tim e o f h is cremation.
1 * 4 * * A t. avebha-hgiydni. C f . a v eb h a n g ik a tp a t M V . V I I I . 27. 5 . A s a t C V . V I . 15. 2 . S e e B . D . i. 2 4 7 , n . 2 . C f . t h e g i v i n g in c h a r g e o f r e p a i r s in a g e n e r a l w a y a t C V . V I . 5 . Vin. Texts iii. 2 1 3 t a k e s t h i s t o r e f e r t o " c l a y o r e a r t h . " O ld e n b e r g 's t e x t r e a d s g a n g ik d d h d n a m a tte n a ; V A . 12 4 5 r e a d s b h a & g ik a J a . iii. 4 1 b h a n g ik a is v.l f o r g a ftg ik d . S e e V i n . T e x ts iii. p . 2 1 3 , n . 4. 7 A s a t C V . V I . 5 . 2. * paribhap 4a V A . 1 2 4 5 s a y s d o in g u p a "* flo o t w i t h c o w d u n g , w i t h a n a s t r in g e n t d e c o c t io n . C f. C V . V . 9 . 4. * d h U m a k a lik a , s m o k e - t im e , i.e . w h e n t h e s m o k e a r is e s f r o m h is f u n e r a l p y r e . C f . J a . iii. 4 2 2 . W o r d o c c u r s a t C V . X I . 1. 9 .

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T h o se w h o w ere m o d e st m o n k s . . . sp re a d it a b o u t, s a y in g : H o w ca n th e m o n k s o f A la v l g iv e re p a irs su ch a s th e se in to th e c h a rg e (of a m onk) . * . (until) th e tim e o f h is c re m a tio n ? T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e s a id : I s it tru e , as is sa id , m o n k s, t h a t th e m o n k s o f A la v l . . . th e tim e o f his c re m a tio n ? " I t is tru e , L o r d ." H a v in g re b u k e d th e m , h a v in g g iv e n reaso n ed ta lk , h e a d d re sse d th e m o n k s, s a y in g : M on ks, re p a irs w h e n th e re is m e r e ly p u ttin g a sid e in h e a p s sh o u ld n o t be g iv e n in to th e c h a rg e (of a m o n k) . . , n o r sh o u ld rep a irs t o a c o m p le te d d w e llin g -p la c e b e g iv e n in to th e ch a rg e (of a m onk) u n til th e tim e o f h is c re m a tio n . W h o e v e r sh o u ld (so) g iv e in ch a rg e , th e re is a n o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g . I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to g iv e re p a irs to a d w e llin g -p la c e in to th e ch a rg e (of a m onk) if it is n o t (yet) b u ilt o r if it is n ot (yet) fin ish ed -,1 in re fere n ce to w o r k on a sm a ll d w e llin g -p la c e , rep airs m a y b e g iv e n in c h a rg e fo r s ix or fiv e y e a r s ; in referen ce to w o rk on a c u r v e d h o u se re p a irs m a y b e g iv e n in c h a rg e fo r se v e n o r e ig h t y e a rs ; in re fere n ce t o w o rk on a la rg e d w e llin g -p la c e o r a lo n g h o u se, re p a irs m a y b e g iv e n in c h a rg e fo r te n o r tw e lv e y e a r s . |j i || N o w a t th a t tim e m o n k s g a v e th e w h o le o f a d w e llin g -p la c e in to c h a rg e fo r re p a irs. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : M on ks, th e w h o le o f a d w e llin g -p la c e sh o u ld n o t b e g iv e n in c h a rg e fo r re p a irs. W h o e v e r sh o u ld g iv e one in ch a rg e, th e re is a n o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g / ' N o w a t th a t tim e m o n k s g a v e tw o (d w ellin g -p la ces) in to th e ch a rg e o f o n e (m on k). T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : M o n k s, tw o (d w ellin g -p la ces) sh o u ld n o t b e g iv e n in to th e c h a rg e o f o n e (m on k). W h o e v e r sh o u ld (so) g iv e in ch a rg e , th e re i? a n o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g / ' N o w a t th a t tim e m o n k s, h a v in g ta k e n o n re p a irs, m a d e a n o th e r liv e (there). T h e y to ld th is m a tte r t o th e L o r d . H e sa id : " M onks, [172 ] h a v in g ta k e n on re p a irs, y o u sh o u ld n ot m a k e a n o th e r liv e (there). W h o e v e r sh o u ld m a k e (another) liv e (there), th e re is a n o ffen ce o f w r o n g - d o in g / N o w a t th a t tim e m o n ks, h a v in g ta k e n on re p a irs, re se rv e d
1 A c c o r d in g t o V A . 1 2 4 5 - 6 , i f t h e r a f t e r s h a v e n o t b e e n p u t u p , f o r w h e n t h e y a r e u p m u c h h a s b e e n b u ilt .

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(for th e ir o w n use) w h a t b e lo n g e d to an O rd er. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : " M o n k s, h a v in g ta k e n on rep a irs, y o u sh o u ld n o t re se rv e (for y o u r o w n use) w h a t b e lo n g s to an O rd er. W h o e v e r sh o u ld (so) re se rv e it, th e re is an o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g . I a llo w y o u , m o n ks, to o c c u p y one g o o d sle e p in g p la c e . N o w a t t h a t tim e m o n k s g a v e re p a irs in to th e c h a rg e o f one o u tsid e a b o u n d a ry . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : " M o n k s, re p a irs sh o u ld n o t b e g iv e n in to th e c h a rg e of o n e o u tsid e a b o u n d a ry . W h o e v e r sh o u ld (so) g iv e th e m in c h a rg e , th e re is an o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g . N o w a t t h a t tim e m o n k s, h a v in g ta k e n on re p a irs (to a b u ild in g ), re se rv e d it fo r a ll tim e . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e s a id : " M o n k s, h a v in g ta k e n o n re p a irs (to a b u ild in g ), y o u sh o u ld n o t re se rv e it fo r a ll tim e . W h o e v e r sh o u ld (so) re se rv e it, th e re is an o ffen ce of w ro n g -d o in g . I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, t o re se rv e it fo r th e th re e m o n th s of th e rain s, b u t n o t to re se rv e it fo r th e d r y se a so n . 1 || 2 || N o w a t th a t tim e m o n k s, h a v in g ta k e n on re p a irs, w e n t a w a y 2 a n d le ft th e O rd er a n d p a sse d a w a y , a n d t h e y p re te n d ed to b e n o v ic e s a n d t h e y p re te n d e d t o be d isa v p w ers o f th e tra in in g . . . to b e c o m m itte rs o f e x tre m e o ffen ces . . . to be m a d . . . to b e u n h in g e d . . . to h a v e b o d ily p a in s . . . to b e su sp e n d e d fo r n o t seein g an o ffe n ce . . . to b e su sp en d ed fo r n o t m a k in g a m e n d s fo r an o ffen ce . . . t o b e su sp en d ed fo r n ot g iv in g u p a w ro n g v ie w a n d t h e y p re te n d ed to b e e u n u ch s . . . to b e liv in g in co m m u n io n a s it w ere b y th e ft . . . t o h a v e g o n e o v e r t o a se c t . . . t o b e a n im a ls . . . to b e m a tricid e s . . . t o b e p a rricid e s . . . t o b e s la y e rs o f o n e * p e rfe c te d . . . t o b e se d u cers o f n u n s . . . to b e sc h is m a tic s . . . to b e sh e d d e rs o f a (T ru th -fin d er's) b lo o d a n d t h e y p re te n d e d t o b e h e rm a p h ro d ite s. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e s a id : " T h is is a ca se , m o n k s, w h e re a m o n k , h a v in g ta k e n on rep airs, g o es a w a y . T h in k in g , * D o n o t le t th e O rd e r s u ffe r/ (th e rep airs) sh o u ld b e g iv e n in to th e c h a rg e o f a n o th e r. T h is is a ca se , m o n k s, w h ere a m o n k , h a v in g ta k e n on rep a irs,
1 C f . V I . 11. 3, a b o v e . * S e e M V . I I . 22. 3 ; 36. 1 - 3 ; I X . 4. 2 . 7 .

B O O K OF D I S C I P L I N E 244 le a v e s th e O rd er, p asses a w a y , p re te n d s to b e . . . a h e rm a p h ro d ite . T h in k in g , D o n o t le t th e O rd e r su ffe r/ (th e repairs) sh o u ld b e g iv e n in to th e c h a rg e o f a n o th e r. T h is is a case, m o n ks, w h e re a m o n k , h a v in g ta k e n on re p a irs, g o es a w a y w h ile th e y are y e t u n fin ish e d . . . p re te n d s to be a h e rm a p h ro d ite . T h in k in g , * D o n o t le t th e O rd e r s u ffe r/ (th e repairs) sh o u ld b e g iv e n in to th e c h a rg e o f a n o th e r. T h is is a ca se , m o n ks, w h ere a m o n k , h a v in g ta k e n on re p a irs, on th e ir c o m p le tio n g o es a w a y ; t h e y a re s till in h is (ch a rg e ).1 T h is is a case, m o n k s, w h e re a m o n k , h a v in g ta k e n o n re p a irs, on th e ir c o m p le tio n le a v e s th e O rd e r . . . p re te n d s to h a v e c o m m itte d an e x tre m e o ffen ce : th e O rd e r is th e o w n er. T h is is a case, m o n k s, w h e re a m o n k , h a v in g ta k e n on re p a irs, on th e ir co m p le tio n p re te n d s to b e m a d . . . [17 3 ] p re te n d s to b e su sp e n d e d fo r n o t g iv in g u p a w ro n g v ie w : t h e y a re s till in h is (charge). T h is is a ca se , m o n k s, w h e re a m o n k , h a v in g ta k e n o n re p a irs, on th e ir c o m p le tio n p re te n d s to b e a eu n u ch . . . p re te n d s to be a h e rm a p h ro d ite : th e O rd e r is th e o w n e r / ' It 3 II 1 7 || N o w a t t h a t tim e m o n k s m a d e use e lse w h e re 2 o f lo d g in g s a p p u rte n a n c e s o f a d w e llin g -p la c e b e lo n g in g to a l a y fo llo w er. T h e n th a t la y fo llo w e r . , . sp re a d it a b o u t, s a y in g : H o w ca n th e se r e v e re d sirs m a k e use e lse w h e re o f a p p u r te n an ces b e lo n g in g so m e w h e re else ? " T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e s a i d : M o n k s, y o u sh o u ld n o t m a k e use elsew h ere o f a p p u rte n a n c e s b e lo n g in g so m e w h e re else. W h o e v e r sh o u ld (so) m a k e use o f th e m , th e re is an o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g . N o w a t t h a t tim e m o n k s ,3 b e in g (too) sc ru p u lo u s t o c o n v e y to th e O b se rv a n c e h o u se a n d t o th e m e e tin g p la c e (th in g s to sit on), s a t d o w n on th e g ro u n d . T h e ir lim b s a n d ro b e s w e re c o v e re d w ith d u st. T h e y t o ld th is m a tte r t o th e L o rd . H e sa id : I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to c o n v e y (th in gs) t e m p o r a r ily ." N o w a t th a t tim e a g re a t d w e llin g -p la c e b e lo n g in g to an O rd er fe ll in to d e c a y . M o n k s, b e in g sc ru p u lo u s, d id n o t t a k e o u t th e lo d g in g s .4 T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e
1 toss* eva tafft. V A . 12 4 8 e la b o r a t e s " f o r t h e r a in s .'* 1 A s a t Vin. iii. 6 5 - 6 6 . Cf. Vin, i v . 7 6 , 8 1 ( b o t h e a t in g e ls e w h e r e " ) . * A s a t Vin. iii, 6 6 . 4 V A . 1 2 4 8 e x p la i n s t h a t h a v i n g c o n v e y e d t h e m e ls e w h e r e t h e y d o n o t m a k e u se o f th e m .

18 20.2]________ C U L L A V A G G A

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sa id : I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to c o n v e y (things) fo r th e sa k e of p ro te c tin g (th e m ). |j 1 8 || N o w a t th a t tim e a c o s tly w o o llen b la n k e t an a c ce sso ry to a lo d g in g a c cru e d to an O rd er. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to b a r te r 1 it fo r (som eth ing) a d v a n ta g e o u s / ' N o w a t t h a t tim e a c o s tly w o v e n c lo th . . * " to b a r te r it fo r (so m eth in g) a d v a n ta g e o u s / ' N o w a t th a t tim e a b e a r's h id e 2 a c c ru e d to a n O rd er. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : " I a llo w y o u , m o n ks, to m a k e a to w e l fo r th e fe e t . D r a p e r y 3 a c cru e d . " I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to m a k e a to w e l fo r th e fe e t . C lo t h 4 a ccru e d . I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to m a k e a to w e l fo r th e fe e t . |j 1 9 || N o w a t t h a t tim e m o n k s tro d u pon a lo d g in g w h ile th e ir fe e t w ere u n w a sh e d ;6 th e lo d g in g w a s so iled . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e s a id : M o n k s, a lo d g in g sh o u ld n o t b e tro d d e n u p o n w h ile y o u r fe e t a re u n w a sh e d . W h o e v e r sh o u ld (so) tre a d u p o n one, th e re is a n o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g . N o w a t t h a t tim e m o n k s tro d u p o n a lo d g in g w h ile th e ir fe et w ere d a m p . . . [174 ] . . . w ith th e ir sa n d a ls on . o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g . j| 1 || N o w a t th a t tim e m o n k s s p a t on g ro u n d th a t h a d b een tr e a te d ;a th e c o lo u r w a s sp oiled . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e said : M on ks, y o u sh o u ld n ot s p it u p o n g ro u n d th a t h a s b een tre a te d . W h o e v e r sh o u ld (so) s p it, th e re is a n o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g . I a llo w y o u , m o n ks, a s p itto o n / ' N o w a t th a t tim e th e leg s o f c o u ch e s a n d th e le g s o f ch a irs sc ra tc h e d g ro u n d t h a t h a d b een tre a te d . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to w ra p th e m ro u n d w ith a p ie c e o f c lo t h .

1 p a r iv a tte ti. C f B . D . ii. 5 5 , n . 8. V A . 1 2 4 8 s a y s t h a t t h e m e a n in g is t o g e t a lo d g in g , c o u c h o r c h a i r o f e q u a l o r g r e a t e r v a lu e . * A t V i n . i. 19 2 t h i s is n o t in c lu d e d a m o n g t h e la r g e h id e s w h ic h w e r e n o t a llo w e d . * c a k k a ll. C f . C V . V I . 2. 2 . * col a ka . C f . M V . V I I I . 18. * C f . M V . V . 6. i w h e r e m o n k s a r e a llo w e d t o w e a r s a n d a l s s o a s n o t t o s o il c o u c h e s a n d c h a ir s w h e n t h e y g e t u p o n t o t h e m . fl E i t h e r w i t h w h it e w a s h , b l a c k c o lo u r in g o r r e d c h a lk ; c f. V . 11. 6 ; V I . 3 . i ; 17. i . M V . I . 25. 1 5 m akefe i t a p p e a r a s i f b la c k w e r e f o r t h e g r o u n d a n d re d f o r t h e w a lls .

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N o w a t th a t tim e m o n k s le a n t a g a in s t a w a ll t h a t h a d been tre a te d ; th e c o lo u r w a s sp o ile d . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e s a i d : M on ks, y o u sh o u ld n o t le a n a g a in s t a w a ll th a t h a s b een tre a te d . W h o e v e r sh o u ld le a n a g a in s t one, th e re is an o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g . I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, a re clin in g b o a r d . 1 T h e re clin in g b o a rd s c r a tc h e d th e g ro u n d u n d e rn e a th , it d e s tro y e d th e w a ll a b o v e . I a llo w y o u , m on ks, to w ra p it ro u n d w ith a p ie ce o f c lo th a t th e lo w er a n d th e u p p er (e n d s)/' N o w a t th a t tim e m o n k s 2 w e re (too) sc ru p u lo u s to lie d o w n on a p la c e fo r tre a d in g o n w ith w a s h e d f e e t .3 T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e s a i d : " I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to lie d o w n (in su ch a p la ce ), h a v in g sp re a d a s h e e t ." 4 || 2 || 20 || T h e n th e L o rd , h a v in g s ta y e d a t A la v i fo r a s lo n g a s he fo u n d su itin g , s e t o u t on to u r fo r R a ja g a h a . G r a d u a lly , w a lk in g on to u r, h e a r r iv e d a t R a ja g a h a . T h e L o rd s ta y e d th e fe a t R a ja g a h a in th e G r e a t G r o v e a t th e s q u irre ls fe e d in g p la ce . N o w a t th a t tim e R a ja g a h a w a s sh o rt o f fo o d . P e o p le w ere n ot a b le to m a k e a m e a l fo r th e O rd e r (but) th e y w a n te d to m a k e a m ea l fo r sp ecial (m o n ks ),6 a n in v ita tio n (-m eal ),6 fo o d (a llo w ed b y) t i c k e t ,7 (food g iv en ) o n a d a y o f th a w a x in g or w a n in g o f th e m oon , (given) on a n O b s e r v a n c e d a y , (given) on th e d a y a fte r an O b s e r v a n c e d a y . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e s a i d : " I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, a m eal fo r a n O rd er, a m e a l fo r a sp e c ia l (m o n k), a n in v ita tio n (m eal) . . . (food g iv en ) on th e d a y a fte r a n O b s e rv a n c e d a y . 8 N o w a t th a t tim e th e g ro u p o f s ix m o n k s, h a v in g ch o sen th e sw e e t fo o d s fo r th e m s e lv e s, g a v e p o o r fo o d s to (other) m o n ks. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : " I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to a g re e u p o n a m o n k p o ssessed o f
1 M e n t io n e d a t M V . I . 25. 1 5 , 16 . 1 O m i t t e d in O J d e n b e r g 's t e x t . 3 d h ota p & d a ka . V A . 1 2 4 9 g i v e s t h e a b o v e m e a n in g , a n d s a y s t h a t dh ota p a d a k e is a ls o a r e a d in g . 4 p a cca tth a ritv a . O n " s h e e t/ * p a cc a tth a r a n a , s e e B . D . ii. 3 4 , n . 1 ; 4 6 , n . 3. 6 C f . M V . V I . 19. 1 a n d P a c . 4 6 . * 6 D e fin e d a t V in . i v . 100. 7 F o r t h i s a n d t h e n e x t t h r e e s e e n o t e s a t B . D . ii. 3 1 3 - 3 1 4 . * V A . 1 2 5 0 s a y s t h a t t h i s a llo w a n c e w a s m a d e b y t h e L o r d f o r t im e s o f p l e n t y w h e n p e o p le c a n a g a in g i v e fo o d t o a w h o le O r d e r .

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fiv e q u a litie s a s issu er o f m e a ls i1 [17 5 ] o n e w h o w o u ld n o t fo llo w a w ro n g co u rse fro m d e sire . . . fro m h a tr e d . . . fro m s tu p id ity . . . fro m fe a r, a n d o n e w h o w o u ld k n o w w h a t is issu e d a n d w h a t is n o t issu ed . A n d th u s, m o n k s, sh o u ld he b e a g re e d u p o n : F ir s t, a m o n k sh o u ld b e a sk e d . . \ . T h u s d o I u n d e rsta n d th is V ' T h e n it o c cu rre d to th e m o n k s w h o w e re issu ers o f m e a ls : " N o w , h o w sh o u ld a m e a l b e issu ed ? " T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e s a id : I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to issue (the food) a fte r h a v in g p u t it in to h e a p s a n d h a v in g tie d on a tic k e t or a le a f . 3 || r ]| N o w a t th a t tim e th ere w a s n o a ssig n e r o f lo d g in g s 4 fo r an O rd e r .5 T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to a g ree u p o n a m o n k en d o w e d w ith fiv e q u a litie s a s assig n er o f lo d g in g s . * . a n d one w h o w o u ld k n o w w h a t is a ssig n e d a n d w h a t is n o t assigned* A n d th u s , m o n k s, sh o u ld he b e a g re e d u p o n . . . e . . T h u s d o I u n d e rsta n d th is V N o w a t th a t tim e th ere w a s n o k e e p e r o f th e s to re ro o m 7 for an O rd er. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e s a i d : I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, . . . a n d o n e w h o w o u ld i k n o w w h a t is g u a rd e d a n d w h a t is n o t g u a rd e d . A n d th u s, m o n k s, sh o u ld he b e a g re e d u p o n T h u s d o I u n d e rsta n d th is V* N o w a t t h a t tim e th e re w a s no a c c e p te r o f r o b e s 8 fo r an O rd er. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : " I a llo w . . . a n d one w h o w o u ld k n o w w h a t is ta k e n a n d w h a t is n o t ta k e n T h u s d o I u n d e rsta n d th is V* N o w a t t h a t tim e th e re w a s no d is trib u to r o f ro b e m a te ria l 9 . . . n o d is tr ib u to r o f c o n je y 10 . . . n o d is trib u to r o f fr u it 10 fo r an O rd er. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : " I a llo w y o u , m o n k s . . . a n d one w h o w o u ld k n o w w h a t
1 D a b b a -was a g r e e d u p o n f o r t h i s o ffic e a t C V . I V . 4 . a b o v e , a n d a t F o r . M e e t . V I I I (Vin. iii. 1 5 8 = ii. 7 5 ) . S e e a ls o A . iii . 2 7 5 . 1 A s in C V . I V . B * pattika. B u . , r e a d in g pattika , s a y s i t is a l e a f (panpa) o f a b a m b o o , re e d o r p a lm . 4 T h is o ffic e w a s a ls o g i v e n t o D a b b a . B T h e f o llo w in g lis t o f o ffic e s a ls o o c c u r s a t A . iii. 2 7 4 5 . * A s in C V . I V . 4 . 3. 7 bhart^dgdrika, a s a t V in . i. 2 8 4 . 8 clvarapatiggahakat a s a t Vin. i. 2 8 3 . * civarabhajaka, a s a t Vin. i. 2 8 5. 10 M e n tio n e d a t Vin. i v . 38, 1 5 5 .

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is d is trib u te d a n d w h a t is n o t d is tr ib u te d T h u s do I u n d e rsta n d th is N o w a t th a t tim e th e re w a s no d is tr ib u to r o f so lid fo o d 1 fo r an O rd er. T h e so lid fo o d , n o t b e in g d is trib u te d , w a s lo s t . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : " I a llo w y o u . . . a n d one w h o w o u ld k n o w w h a t is d is tr ib u te d a n d w h a t is n o t d is trib u te d . T h u s d o I u n d e rsta n d th is V* II 2 I I N o w a t t h a t tim e triflin g a cce sso rie s h a d a c c ru e d in th e sto rero o m o f a n O rd er. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r t o th e L o rd . H e sa id : " I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to a g re e u p o n a m o n k e n d o w e d w ith fiv e q u a litie s [176 ] a s d isp o se r o f trifle s i 1 . . . o n e w h o w o u ld k n o w w h a t is d isp o sed o f a n d w h a t is n o t d is p o se d o f T h u s d o I u n d e rsta n d th is .' E a c h n e e d le is to be g iv e n b y th e m o n k w h o is th e d isp o se r o f trifle s, p a irs o f scisso rs are to be g iv e n , s a n d a ls a re to b e g iv e n , w a is tb a n d s . . . sh o u ld er stra p s . . . stra in e rs . . re g u la tio n w a te r p o ts 2 . . . cross-seam s 3 . . . sh o rt cro ss-sea m s 3 . . . c ir c u la r se a m s 3 . . . sh o rt c irc u la r sea m s 3 . . . b ra id in g 4 . . . b in d in g 4 is to b e g iv e n . I f th e re co m es to be g h e e o r o il o r h o n e y o r m o lasses fo r a n O rd er, it m a y b e g iv e n to b e p a r ta k e n o f a t o n ce ;6 if th e re is need fo r it y e t a g a in , it m a y b e g iv e n y e t a g a in ; if th e re is n eed fo r it y e t a g a in , it m a y b e g iv e n y e t a g a in . N o w a t th a t tim e th e re w a s n o a c c e p te r o f o u te r c lo a k s 6 . . . a c c e p te r o f b o w ls 7 fo r an O rd er. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : " I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to a g re e u p o n . . . one w h o w o u ld k n o w w h a t is ta k e n a n d w h a t is n o t ta k e n . A n d th u s, m o n k s, . . . \ . . T h u s d o I u n d e rs ta n d th is N o w a t t h a t tim e a n O rd e r h a d n o s u p e rin te n d e n t o f m o n a ste ry a tte n d a n ts . T h e m o n a s te r y a tte n d a n ts , n o t b e in g su p erin te n d e d , d id n o t d o th e w o rk (p ro p e rly ). T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e s a id : " I a llo w y o u , m o n k s , to a g ree u p o n a s u p e rin te n d e n t o f m o n a s te r y a tte n d a n ts . . .

1 * a * 6 not * 7

M e n t io n e d a t V i n . i v . 3 8 , 1 5 5 . M e n t io n e d a t C V . V . 13. 1 . S e e M V . V I I I . 12. 2. S e e B . D . ii. 409, n . 7 , 8 ; B . D . i v . 3 5 4 , n . 7 , 8 ; a n d C V . V . 11. 3. C f . N is s a g . 23 a n d M V . V I . 15. 1 0 , w h e n t h e s e t h i n g s m e d ic in e s m a y b e s to re d fo r m o re th a n se v e n d a y s . sa tiy a g a h a p a k a . S e e N is s a g . 22 ( V i n . iii. 2 4 6 - 7 ) .

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a n d o n e w h o k n o w s w h a t is su p e rin te n d e d a n d w h a t is n ot su p e rin te n d e d T h u s d o I u n d e rsta n d th is N o w a t th a t tim e an O rd er h a d n o su p e rin te n d e n t fo r th e n o vices. T h e n o v ic e s , n o t b e in g su p e rin te n d e d , d id n o t do th e w o rk (p ro p erly). T h u s d o I u n d e rsta n d th is

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T h e S ix th S e c tio n : th a t on L o d g in g s.

T h is is its k e y : A t th a t tim e a d w e llin g -p la c e h a d n o t been p e rm itte d b y th e b e st o f A w a k e n e d O nes ; th e se d iscip les o f th e C o n q u e ro r w e n t o u t fro m th is an d th a t p la c e (their) h a b ita tio n .1 / A m e rch a n t h o u seh o ld er, h a v in g seen th e m , sa id th is to th e m onks : 4 4 I f I w ere to h a v e (d w ellin g-p laces) b u ilt, w o u ld y o u s t a y (in th em ) ? T h e y a sk e d th e L e a d e r. / D w e llin g -p la c e , c u r v e d h o u se, a n d lo n g h o u se, m a n sio n , c a v e , he a llo w e d fiv e (kinds of) a b o d e s. T h e m e rc h a n t h a d d w e llin g p la c e s b u ilt. / P e o p le h a d a d w e llin g -p la c e b u ilt d oorless, un clo sed , d oor, d o o rp o st a n d lin te l, h o llo w lik e a m o rta r a n d so on, / H o le a n d co rd fo r p u llin g th ro u g h , p o st fo r a b o lt, a n d " m o n k e y 's h e a d , [17 7 ] a p in , a s tic k , a k e y o f co p p e r, w o o d , h o rn , / A n d ju s t a b o lt a n d a p in , ro o fin g sm ea re d in sid e a n d o u t, ra ilin g , la ttic e a n d s tic k , c lo th a n d a b o u t m a ttin g , / S o lid b en ch , a n d c o u c h o f s p lit b a m b o o , b ie rlik e lo n g c o u ch , w ith sla ts , a n d c u r v e d legs, re m o v e a b le , r e c ta n g u la r, ta ll ones, / A n d th ree-sid ed , p la ite d c h a ir, c lo th c h a ir, sh e e p -fo o te d , e m b lic m y r o b a la n ,2 w o o d e n ,2 sto o l, a n d ju s t a s tra w c h a ir, / O n e a h ig h o n e ,3 a n d a s n a k e ,3 s u p p o r ts ,4 a n d su p p o rts o f e ig h t fin g er-b re ad th s,
1 T e x t r e a d s d v d sd ta m h d te ; S i n h . a n d S i a m . e d n s . v dsd te. O ld e n b e r g , V i n . ii. 323 s a y s " t h e m e t e r is q u i t e c o r r e c t i f w e e x p u n g e ta m hd te . * S ia m , edn*, w h ic h I f o llo w , r e a d s d m a la k d p h a la k d . V i n . ii. 323 s u g g e s t s d m a la k a -p h a la k d . T e x t r e a d s d m a fd m a la k a ; S in h . e d n . d m a ld m a la k d . * R e a d in g u cce ca a h i w i t h S in h . a n d S ia m , e d n s ., i n s t e a d o f T e x t 's u ccd h i, 4 I s u g g e s t p d d a k d , in s t e a d o f T e x t 's a tip d d a k d a n d S in h . a n d S ia m . e d n s . p d d d n i, le g s .

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th re a d , sq u a res, c o tto n c lo th , c o tto n q u ilt, h a lf (th e size o f a m a n s) b o d y , j F e s tiv a l a n d a lso m a ttre ss e s , w o v e n c lo th , a n d also lo d g in g s, co v e re d , it fe ll fro m b e lo w , a n d h a v in g re m o v e d th e y c a rrie d aw ay, / A n d lin e, a n d th e T ru th -fin d e r 1 a llo w e d th e o u tlin e o f th e h a n d , a n d a lso o th e r se cts in a d w e llin g -p la c e ,1 g ra in -h u sk , a n d so ft c la y , / W h a t e x u d e s fro m trees, a sp o o n , a w a ll, m u s ta rd p o w d e r (and) oil o f b e e s w a x , to sp o n g e o v e r th e th ic k (places), ro u g h , c la y (an d th e e x c r e m en t of) e a rth w o rm s ,2 / W h a t e x u d e s fro m trees, a n d a b o ld d esign , lo w , a n d a p ilin g , t h e y a scen d ed , t h e y fe ll off, th ro n g e d , h a lf-w a ll, a g a in th re e , / I n a sm all (one), a n d a b u ttr e s s ,3 le t in th e ra in , c r y o f d is tre s s ,4 p eg, a n d b a m b o o a n d c o rd fo r ro b es, v e ra n d a h , a n d a b o u t a scre e n , / B a lu s tr a d e , p o w d e re d g ra ss th e m e th o d sh o u ld b e d o n e in th e w a y b e lo w ,5 in th e op en air, b e c a m e te p id , h a ll, a n d a s b e lo w , ve sse l, / D w e llin g -p la c e , a n d ju s t a p o rch , lit t le h a ll fo r a fire in a cell, m o n asteries, p o rch e s a g a in , th e m e th o d sh o u ld b e d o n e ju s t (as) b e lo w . / P la s te r ,8 a n d fa ith fu l A n a th a p in d ik a w e n t to th e C o o l G ro v e , th in g s seen, h e in v ite d th e L e a d e r w ith th e O rd er. / H e en jo in ed on th e w a y , a g ro u p b u ilt a m o n a s te ry , re p a irs a t V e sa ll, in fro n t o f a n d ta k in g p o ssession o f, / W h o is w o r th y o f th e b e st fo o d ? a n d th e p a rtrid g e , n o t to be g ree te d , ta k e n possession of, in sid e a h o u se, c o tto n , h e v is ite d S a v a t t h i, / H e p rep ared a m o n a ste ry , a n d a n u p ro a r in a r e fe c to ry , ill, a n d a g o o d sleep in g p la ce , p r e te x ts , th e se v e n te e n th e re , /
1 S ia m . e d n . o m it s ta tha g a ta a n d r e a d s in s t e a d titth iy a seta k a ta v ih d re c & p i . S in h . e n d . h a s tathdgato b u t n o t titth iy a , r e a d in g tathdgato se ta k a la v ih d r e p i . * S ia m . e d n . r e a d s ta n g u m a ttik a m , S in h - la p d a -. 8 H ere kugdapada. ' 4 R e a d in g v issa ra tjt w i t h S i a m . e d n . in s t e a d o f sa ra m . S e e e .g . " k e y " t o C V . V . ( t o w a r d s e n d o f V i n . ii. 14 3 a n d a g a in t o w a r d s t o p o f p . 1 4 4 ). 6 T h is s h o u ld r e a d s u d h a a s in 8. 1 1 a b o v e , a n d a s in S i a m . e d n ,. a n d a s s u g g e s t e d a t V i n . ii. 3 2 3 , a n d n o t s u d d h a .

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N o w , b y w h o m ? " N o w , h o w ? " h e d is tr ib u te d a c co rd in g to th e a c co m m o d a tio n in th e d w e llin g -p la ce s, a n d in ce lls, an a d d itio n a l sh a re, shares*need n o t b e g iv e n if one is n ot w illin g , / O u tsid e a b o u n d a ry , a n d fo r a ll tim e , th re e (tim es for) a ssig n m e n t o f lo d g in g s, an d U p a n a n d a , h e p ra ised , sta n d in g , e q u a l se a ts, / T h o se e n title d to se a ts o f an e q u a l (height) b ro k e th e m , g ro u p s of th re e (and) fo r a g ro u p o f tw o ,1 a lo n g (seat) fo r th o se n o t e n title d to se a ts o f an e q u a l (height), to m a k e u se of a v e r a n d a h ,2 / G ra n d m o th e r ,3 a n d n o t fa r, a n d d is trib u te d , K it a g ir i, [178] A la v i : in h ea p s, on w a lls, d o or, s o c k e t, / A n d w in d o w -h o le, w h ite w a s h , b la c k co lo u rin g , red c h a lk , ro o fin g, jo in in g , b a r, b ro k e n (p arts), d o in g u p , tw e n ty , t h i r t y a n d fo r life , / C o m p le te d , n o t b u ilt, in c o m p le te ,4 fo r s ix o r fiv e y e a rs if it is a sm a ll one, a n d se v e n o r e ig h t if it is a c u r v e d h o u se, te n a n d tw e lv e fo r a la rg e one, / A w h o le d w e llin g -p la c e , o f one, t h e y m a d e a n o th e r ,liv e (there), w h a t b e lo n g s to a n O rd er, o u tsid e a b o u n d a ry , a n d fo r a ll tim e , h e g o es a w a y , a n d t h e y le a v e th e O rd e r, / A n d passed a w a y , a n d (p reten d ed to be) a n o v ic e , d is a v o w e rs o f th e tra in in g , e x tre m e , m ad , a n d u n h in g e d , p a in s, n o t seein g an offence, / N o t m a k in g a m e n d s fo r, w ro n g v ie w , e u n u ch s, as it w ere b y th e ft, o th e r se cts, a n im als, (slayers) o f m o th e r, o f fa th e r , a n d o f one p e rfe cte d , sed u cers, / S c h ism a tics, sh ed d ers o f (a T r u th -fin d e r s) b lo o d , a n d th en h e rm a p h ro d ite s,

1 R e a d i n g w it h S in h . e d n . ca d u v a g g ik a m , a s s u r m is e d w o u ld b e r i g h t a t V in . ii. 3 2 3, in s t e a d o f t e x t 's ca tu v a g g ik a m . S ia m , r e a d s ca d u v a g g ik a . 1 S in h . a n d S i a m . e d n s . a lin d a m p a r ib h u n jit u m , a s f o r C V . V I . 14. in s t e a d o f t e x t s ta m d v ittn a m , p a r ib h u n ji s u . * S in h . a y y a k a ca\ a s s u r m is e d w o u ld b e r i g h t a t V i n . ii. 3 2 3 . S ia m . a y y ik d ca ; t e x t ay y d ca , 4 T h e r e is n o sabbarn t w h o le , in t h e c o n t e x t t o w h ic h t h i s r e f e r s (i.e . C V . V I . 17. 1 ) . S h o u ld r e a d v ip p a m a s d o e s S ia m , (fo r v ip p a k a ta tp ) .

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D o n o t le t th e O rd e r su ffer th e w o r k sh o u ld b e g iv e n to a n o th e r, / A n d w h e n (yet) u n fin ish ed to a n o th e r ; if h e g o es a w a y w h e n it is b u ilt it is s till in h is (charge) ; if he le a v e s th e O rd er, p asses a w a y , a n d p re te n d s to b e a n o v ice, / A n d d is a v o w s th e tr a in in g , (p re te n d s to h a v e c o m m itte d an) e x tre m e (offence a n d t o be) a e u n u c h , th e O rd er its e lf b e c o m e s th e o w n e r ; i f h e is m a d , u n h in g e d , in p a in , / (Suspen d ed for) n o t seein g, fo r n o t m a k in g a m e n d s fo r, (for n o t g iv in g up) a w ro n g v ie w t h e y a re s till in h is (charge) ; E u n u c h , a n d a s it w e re b y th e ft, m e m b e r o f a n o th e r se c t, a n im a l, m a tric id e , p a rricid e , S la y e r o f one p e rfe c te d , a n d th e n a se d u cer, s c h is m a tic , sh e d d e r o f (a T ru th -fin d e r's) b lo o d , h e rm a p h ro d ite if h e p re te n d s th u s , t h e O rd e r its e lf b e co m e s th e o w n e r. / T h e y c o n v e y e d , elsew h ere, sc ru p u lo u s, a n d fe ll in to d e c a y , w o o llen b la n k e t, a n d w o v e n c lo th s , h id e , d ra p e r y , a c lo th , a n d t h e y tr o d u p o n , / D a m p , sa n d a ls, sh o u ld n o t s p it, t h e y s c r a tc h e d ,1 a n d t h e y le a n t a g a in st, reclin in g b o a rd , even th e n it s c r a tc h e d ,2 a b o u t s p re a d in g w h e re w a sh e d ,3 / T h e y w e re u n a b le to in R a ja g a h a , p o o r, issu e r o f m eals, " N o w , h o w ? assign er, a g re e m e n t u p o n a sto re ro o m k e e p e r, / A n d th e n a c c e p te r, d is tr ib u to r , a n d c o n je y , d is tr ib u to r o f fr u it, a n d e v e n a d is trib u to r o f so lid fo o d , d isp o se r o f trifle s, / A n d e v e n a n a c c e p te r o f o u te r c lo a k s , lik e w ise a n a c c e p te r o f b o w ls, a n d a g ree m e n t u p o n a s u p e rin te n d e n t o f m o n a s te r y a tte n d a n ts a n d o f novices* / T h e L e a d e r w h o h a s o v e rc o m e a ll, k n o w e r o f th e w o rld s, h is m in d b e n e v o le n t, (is one) to m e d ita te u p o n a n d h a v e in sig h t in to th e n e e d fo r a b o d e s a n d ease. [179 ]
1 S in h . a n d S ia m , lik h a n ii ; t e x t k h ll a n i i ; C V . V I . 20. 2 v ili k h a n t i . 1 S ia m , lik h a t * ev a ; S in h . lik h a & e v a ; t e x t k h a lite va ; C V . V I . 20. 2 v ilik h a ii. 1 R e f e r r in g t o t h e d h o ta p a d a k a a t V I . 20 . 2.

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A t one tim e th e A w a k e n e d O n e, th e L o rd , w a s s ta y in g a t A n u p iy a . A n u p iy a 1 is a little to w n 2 o f th e M a lla s .3 N o w a t th a t tim e m a n y d istin g u ish e d S a k y a n y o u n g m en h a d g o n e fo rth in im ita tio n o f th e L o r d w h o h a d g o n e fo rth . N o w a t th a t tim e M a h a n a m a th e S a k y a n a n d A n u r u d d h a th e S a k y a n w ere tw o b ro th e rs. A n u r u d d h a th e S a k y a n w a s d e lic a te ly n u rtu re d . H e h a d th re e p a la c e s ,4 one fo r th e c o ld w e a th e r, one fo r th e h o t, one fo r th e ra in s. B e in g w a ite d on fo r fo u r m o n th s in th e p a la c e fo r th e ra in s b y fe m a le m u sician s, he d id n o t co m e d o w n fro m t h a t p a la c e . T h e n it o ccu rre d to M a h a n a m a th e S a k y a n :6 A t p re se n t m a n y d istin g u ish e d S a k y a n y o u n g m en h a v e g o n e fo rth in im ita tio n o f th e L o rd w h o h a s go n e fo rth , b u t n o o n e fro m o u r fa m ily h a s g o n e fo rth fro m ho m e in to h o m elessn ess. S u p p o se I sh o u ld g o fo rth , or A n u ru d d h a ? T h e n M a h a n a m a th e S a k y a n a p p ro a c h e d A n u ru d d h a th e S a k y a n ; h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d , he sp o k e th u s to A n u ru d d h a th e S a k y a n : A t p re se n t, d e a r A n u ru d d h a , m a n y d istin g u ish e d S a k y a n y o u n g m e n . . . b u t n o one fro m our fa m ily h a s g o n e fo r th fro m h o m e in to h o m elessn ess. W e ll now , e ith e r y o u g o fo rth o r I w ill g o fo r t h / 6 B u t I h a v e b een d e lic a te ly n u rtu re d , I a m n o t a b le to g o fo rth fro m h o m e in to h o m elessn ess .7 Y o u g o fo r t h ." || i || C o m e a lo n g , d e a r A n u ru d d h a , I w ill in s tru c t y o u in w h a t b elo n g s to th e h o u seh o ld life. F ir s t th e field s h a v e to b e p lo u g h e d ;8 h a v in g h a d th e m p lo u g h e d th e y m u st b e s o w n ; h a v in g h a d th e m so w n w a te r m u st b e le d in to th e m ; h a v in g
1 N e u t e r f o r m u s e d h e r e , a lt h o u g h t h e l o c a t i v e is fo r m e d a s t h o u g h t h e w o r d w e r e f e m in in e . C f . J a . i. 6 5 6 6 , B u d v A . 284 w h ic h s a y t h e B o d h is a t ta s p e n t t h e f ir s t w e e k a f t e r h e h a d g o n e f o r t h in t h e m a n g o g r o v e a t A n u p iy S L a S e e B . D . ii. 6 3 , n . 2* I t is m o r e u s u a l t o n a m e t h e e x a c t l o c a l i t y in t h e p la c e w h e r e t h e L o r d w a s s t a y in g . 4 Cf. M V . I . 7 . 1 w h e r e t h e s a m e is s a id o f Y a s a . * A t A . i. 2 6 h e is c a l le d c h ie f o f t h o s e w h o g i v e s u m p t u o u s a lm s . Q u o t e d D h A . i. 1 3 3 ; A A . i. 1 9 1 . 7 Q u o te d D h A r i. 1 3 5 - 6 . * Q u o t e d D h A . i. 1 3 6 . Cf. s im ila r l i s t o f o p e r a t i o n s a t J S . i. 2 1 5 a n d a n o t h e r a t A . i. 2 4 1 .

B O O K OF D I S C I P L I N E 254 h a d w a te r le d in to th e m th e w a te r m u st be le d a w a y ; h a v in g le d th e w a te r a w a y y o u m u st h a v e th e w e e d s d u g u p ; h a v in g h a d th e w eed s d u g u p y o u m u st g e t th e c ro p re a p e d ; h a v in g h a d th e cro p re a p e d y o u m u st h a v e it h a r v e s te d ; h a v in g h a d it h a r v e s te d y o u m u st h a v e it m a d e in to sto o k s ; h a v in g h a d it m ad e in to sto o k s y o u m u st h a v e it th re sh e d ; h a v in g h a d it th re sh e d y o u m u st h a v e th e s tr a w w in n o w e d ; h a v in g h a d th e s tr a w [180] w in n o w e d y o u m u st h a v e th e ch a ff w in n o w ed ; h a v in g h a d th e c h a ff w in n o w e d y o u m u st h a v e it sifte d ; h a v in g h a d it s ifte d y o u m u st h a v e it 1 b ro u g h t in ;2 h a v in g h a d it b ro u g h t in it is to b e d on e ju s t th e sa m e th e n e x t y e a r, a n d it is to b e d o n e ju s t th e sa m e th e n e x t y e a r / ' T h e o p e ra tio n s d o n o t s to p ,3 n o e n d to th e o p e ra tio n s is to be seen. W h e n w ill th e o p e ra tio n s s to p ? W h e n w ill an e n d to th e o p e ra tio n s be seen ? W h e n w ill w e, po ssessed o f a n d p ro v id e d w ith th e fiv e fo ld s tr a n d o f sense p le a su re s, am u se o u rse lv e s u n c o n c e rn e d ly ? " B u t , d e a r A n u ru d d h a , th e o p e ra tio n s d o n o t sto p , no en d to th e o p e ra tio n s is to be seen. E v e n w h e n o u r fa th e r s an d g ra n d fa th e rs p a ssed a w a y th e o p e ra tio n s w ere n o t s to p p e d . " W e l l n o w , y o u u n d e rsta n d 4 ju s t w h a t b e lo n g s to th e h o u s e h o ld life. I w ill go fo r th fro m h o m e in to h o m e le ssn e ss/' T h e n A n u ru d d h a th e S a k y a n a p p ro a c h e d h is m o th e r ; h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d , he sp o k e th u s to h is m o th e r : " I , m o th e r, w a n t to g o fo rth fro m h o m e in to h o m elessn ess. C o n se n t to m y g o in g fo rth fro m h o m e in to h o m e le ssn e ss . 5 W h e n h e h a d sp o k e n th u s , th e m o th e r o f A n u r u d d h a th e S a k y a n sp o k e th u s to A n u ru d d h a th e S a k y a n : Y o u tw o b o y s , d e a r A n u r u d d h a , are d e a r to m e , 6 b e lo v e d , a g reea b le. In th e ca se o f y o u r d e a th I w o u ld b e u n w illin g ly s e p a ra te d fro m y o u . S o h o w c a n I , w h ile y o u a re s till liv in g , a llo w a g o in g fo rth fro m h o m e in to h o m elessn ess ? And a seco n d tim e . . . . A n d a th ir d tim e A n u ru d d h a th e S a k y a n sp o k e th u s to his m o th e r : . . . th e m o th e r o f A n u r u d d h a th e
1 I.e. t h e g r a in , o r t h e g o o d g r a s s . 1 a tih a r a ti , a s a t N u n s* P a c . 7 (a ls o o f g r a in ) . * na khiyanti , d o n o t w e a r a w a y , b e c o m e e x h a u s t e d o r u s e d u p . 4 T e x t r e a d s upajdna ; VA . 1 2 7 4 upajandhi. * Cf. D h A . i. 1 3 7 . B o y s u n d e r f if t e e n h a d t o o b t a i n t h e ir p a r e n ts * c o n s e n t f o r g o in g f o r t h , V i n . i. 7 9 , 83. * Cf. Vin. iii. 13 ; M . ii. 58 .

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S a k y a n sp o k e th u s to A n u r u d d h a th e S a k y a n : . . how can I, w h ile y o u are s till liv in g , a llo w a g o in g fo rth fro m h o m e in to ho m elessn ess ? " || 2 || N o w a t th a t tim e B h a d d iy a 1 th e S a k y a n c h ie fta in w a s ru lin g o v e r th e S a k y a n s a n d w a s a frien d o f A n u r u d d h a th e S a k y a n . T h e n th e m o th e r o f A n u r u d d h a th e S a k y a n th in k in g : " N o w th is B h a d d iy a * . . is a frien d o f A n u r u d d h a ; he w ill n o t be a b le to go fo rth fro m ho m e in to h o m e le ssn e ss," sp o k e th u s to A n u ru d d h a th e S a k y a n : I f, d e a r A n u ru d d h a , B h a d d iy a th e S a k y a n c h ie fta in goes fo rth fro m h o m e in to hom elessness y o u can go fo r th lik e w is e ." 2 T h e n A n u r u d d h a th e S a k y a n a p p ro a c h e d B h a d d iy a th e S a k y a n c h ie fta in ; h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d , he sp o k e th u s to B h a d d iy a th e S a k y a n c h ie fta in : " M y g o in g fo rth , frien d , is d ep en d en t on y o u r s ." I f y o u r g o in g fo rth , frien d , is d e p en d e n t on m in e, le t it be in d ep en d en t. I , w ith y o u . . . .3 G o fo rth a c co rd in g to y o u r w is h ." C o m e, frien d , w e w ill b o th go fo rth fro m ho m e in to h o m e le ssn e ss." I, frien d , a m n o t a b le to g o fo rth fro m ho m e in to h o m e lessness. [18 1] W h a te v e r else I a m a b le t o d o fo r y o u , th a t w ill I do. Y o u go fo r th . M y m o th e r, frien d , sp o k e th u s to m e : ' I f, d e a r A n u ru d d h a , B h a d d iy a th e S a k y a n c h ie fta in go es fo rth fro m hom e in to hom elessness, y o u c a n g o fo rth lik e w is e . B u t , frien d , these w o rd s w ere sp o k e n b y y o u : * I f y o u r g o in g fo rth is d ep en d en t on m ine, le t it b e in d e p e n d e n t. I , w ith y o u . . . , G o fo rth a c co rd in g to y o u r w ish .' C o m e, frien d , w e w ill b o th go fo rth fro m h o m e in to h o m e le ssn e ss." N o w a t t h a t tim e p e o p le w ere sp e a k e rs o f tr u th , p le d g e d to th e tru th . T h e n B h a d d iy a th e S a k y a n c h ie fta in sp o k e th u s to A n u ru d d h a th e S a k y a n : " W a it, frie n d , fo r se v e n y e a r s . A f t e r seven y e a rs w e w ill b o th go fo rth fro m ho m e in to h om elessn # e ss ."
1 H e w a s , a s s a id a t U d . I I . 10 , A A . i. 19 2 , t h e so n o f K a l i o f t h e G o d h a s ; see P s s . B r e th . p . 3 1 5 , n. 2 . B h a d d i y a 's v e r s e s a r e a t T h a g . 8 4 2 -8 6 5 . At A . i. 2 3 h e is c a lle d c h i e f a m o n g t h e d is c ip le s o f h ig h f a m i l y . A A . i. 19 2 s a y s he w e n t fo rth w ith A n u ru d d h a . 2 C f . D h A . i. 1 3 7 . * V A , 1 2 7 4 s a y s t h a t o u t o f a f f e c t io n f o r h is f r ie n d h e w a n t e d t o s a y , 4t I , w it h y o u , w i ll g o f o r t h , b u t h e w a s n o t a b le t o fin is h t h e s e n t e n c e a s t h e g r e e d f o j r u lin g o v e r c a m e h is h e a r t .

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" S e v e n y e a rs are to o lo n g , frie n d , I a m n ot a b le to w a it fo r se v e n y e a r s . W a it, frien d , fo r s ix y e a r s . . . fiv e . . . fo u r . . . th re e . . tw o y e a rs . . . fo r o n e y e a r . " O n e y e a r is to o lo n g, frie n d , I a m n ot a b le to w a it one y e a r . " W a it, frien d , fo r se v e n m o n th s. A ft e r se v e n m o n th s w e w ill b o th g o fo rth fro m ho m e in to h o m e le ssn e ss. " S e v e n m o n th s are to o lo n g , frie n d , I a m n ot a b le to w a it se ve n m o n th s . " W a it , frie n d , fo r s ix . . * fiv e . . . fo u r . . . th re e . . . tw o m o n th s . . . one m o n th . . . fo r h a lf a m o n th , a fte r h a lf a m o n th w e w ill b o th g o fo rth fro m hom e in to h o m elessn ess. H a lf a m o n th is to o lo n g, frie n d , I am n o t a b le to w a it h a lf a m o n th . " W a it , frien d , fo r se v e n d a y s u n til I h a n d o v e r th e k in g d o m to m y sons a n d b ro th e rs . S e v e n d a y s a re n o t to o lo n g , frie n d , I w ill w a it . j| 3 j| T h e n 1 B h a d d iy a th e S a k y a n c h ie fta in a n d A n u r u d d h a 2 a n d A n a n d a a n d B h a g u 3 a n d K im b ila 2 a n d D e v a d a t t a w ith U p a li th e b a rb e r 4 a s th e s e v e n th , a s t h e y h a d o fte n p r e v io u s ly g o n e o u t to a g ro u n d in a p le a su re g r o v e w ith a fo u rfo ld a r m y 6, so d id t h e y (now) go o u t w ith a fo u r fo ld a rm y . H a v in g g o n e fa r, h a v in g sen t b a c k th e a rm y , h a v in g p a sse d in to o th e r te r r ito r y , h a v in g ta k e n off th e ir o rn a m e n ts, h a v in g tied th e m u p in to a b u n d le w ith th e ir u p p er ro b e s ,8 th e y sp o k e th u s to U p a li th e b a r b e r : " C o m e , g o o d U p a li, re tu rn , th is w ill be e n o u g h fo r y o u r liv e lih o o d . T h e n it o c c u rre d to U p a li th e b a rb e r a s he w a s g o in g b a c k : " T h e S a k y a n s a re fierce. T h in k in g : ' T h is one h a s m a d e th e y o u n g m e n c o m e fo r th ,' t h e y m a y e v e n k ill m e. B u t if th ese y o u n g S a k y a n m en w ill g o fo rth fro m h o m e in to hom elessness, w h y sh o u ld n o t I ? H a v in g loosen ed th e b u n d le, h a v in g h u n g th e g o o d s u p on a tre e, a n d h a v in g sa id : " W h o e v e r sees it, it is g iv e n (to h im ), [482] le t h im ta k e i t , 7 he a p p ro a c h e d th e y o u n g S a k y a n m en .
F o r t h e f o llo w in g in c id e n t c f. D H A . i . 1 3 7 f . a S e e B .D . iv . 50 1. S e e B . D . iv . 4 2 8 , 500. 4 S e e V i n . i v . 308 a n d B . D . iii. 3 4 4 , n . 2. S e e d e fin it io n o f a r m y " a t V t n . i v . 10 5 . A s a t V i n . iii. 208, i v . 1 6 2 . 7 A s a t V i n . iii. 208.

C U L L A V A G G A VII 257 1-4-5] These y o u n g S a k y a n m e n s a w U p a li th e b a rb e r c o m in g in th e d is ta n c e ; h a v in g seen h im , th e n sp o k e th u s to U p a li th e b a rb er: W h y h a v e y o u , g o o d U p a li, re tu rn e d ? N o w , it o c cu rre d to m e, y o u n g g e n tle m e n , as I w a s g o in g b a c k , ' T h e S a k y a n s a re fierce . . . t h e y m a y e v e n k ill m e. B u t if th e se y o u n g S a k y a n m en w ill g o fo r th fro m h o m e in to hom elessn ess, w h y sh o u ld n o t I ? S o I, y o u n g g e n tle m e n , h a v in g lo o sen ed th e b u n d le . . . ' . . . le t h im ta k e i t / re tu rn e d a g a in fro m t h e r e / Y o u d id w ell, g o o d U p a li, in th a t y o u d id n ot g o b a c k . T h e S a k y a n s a re fierce . . . t h e y m ig h t e v e n h a v e k ille d y o u / ' T h e n th e se y o u n g S a k y a n m en , ta k in g U p a li th e b a rb e r, a p p ro a c h e d th e L o rd ; h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d , h a v in g g re e te d th e L o rd , t h e y s a t d o w n a t a re s p e c tfu l d is ta n c e . A s t h e y w ere s ittin g d o w n a t a re sp e c tfu l d is ta n c e , th e se y o u n g S a k y a n m en sp o k e th u s to th e L o r d : " W e , L o rd , a re S a k y a n s , w e a re p ro u d . L o rd , th is b a rb e r, U p a li, h a s b e en o u r a tte n d a n t fo r a lo n g tim e . M a y th e L o r d le t h im g o fo r th first. W e w ill g re e t h im , rise u p b e fo re h im , sa lu te h im w ith jo in e d p a lm s, a n d d o th e p ro p e r d u tie s. T h u s w ill th e S a k y a n p rid e b e h u m b le d in u s S a k y a n s ." T h e n th e L o rd le t U p a li th e b a rb e r g o fo r th first, a n d a fte rw a rd s th e s e y o u n g S a k y a n m en. T h e n th e v e n e ra b le B h a d d iy a w ith in one y e a r re a lise d th e th re e fo ld k n o w le d g e ,1 th e v e n e ra b le A n u ru d d h a o b ta in e d deva- s ig h t ,2 th e v e n e ra b le A n a n d a re alised th e fr u it o f s tre a m a tta in m e n t, D e v a d a t t a a c q u ire d o rd in a ry p s y c h ic p o w e r .3 || 4 |j N o w a t t h a t tim e 4 th e v e n e ra b le B h a d d iy a , d w e llin g in a fo rest a n d a t th e ro o t o f a tre e a n d in a n e m p ty p la c e , c o n s ta n tly u tte re d th is u tte r a n c e : " A h , w h a t h a p p in e ss I A h , w h a t h a p p in e ss ! T h e n s e v e ra l m o n k s a p p ro a c h e d th e L o r d ; h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d , h a v in g g re e te d th e L o rd , t h e y s a t d o w n a t a re sp e c tfu l d ista n c e . A s t h e y w e re s ittin g d o w n a t a re sp e c tfu l d is ta n c e , th e se m o n k s sp o k e th u s to th e L o r d :
1 A A . i. 1 9 1 s a y s B h a d d i y a a t t a i n e d a r a h a n t s h ip in t h e s a m e y e a r (a s h e w e n t fo rth ). 1 A t A . i. 2 3 c a ll e d c h ie f o f m o n k s o f deva- s ig h t . 8 A A . i. 1 9 1 s a y s D e v a d a t t a w o n t h e e ig h t a t t a i n m e n t s ; a n d a d d s t h a t B h a g u a n d K i m b i l a a t t a i n e d a r a h a n t s h i p la t e r . 4 A s a t U d . I I . 10 . T h e f o llo w i n g in c id e n t , w it h a s u m m a r y o t t h e p r e c e d in g s e c t io n s , a ls o fo r m s t h e i n t r o d u c t o r y s t o r y t o t h e 1 0 th J a t a k a . K*

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" L o rd , th e v e n e ra b le B h a d d iy a , d w e llin g in a fo re s t . . . u tte rs th is u t t e r a n c e : A h , w h a t h a p p in e ss ! A h , w hat h a p p in ess ! D o u b tle ss, L o rd , th e v e n e ra b le B h a d d iy a fa re s th e B ra h m a -fa rin g d is sa tisfie d ,1 a n d (alth o u g h ) d w e llin g in a fo rest a n d a t th e ro o t o f a tree a n d in a n e m p t y p la c e , h e u tte r s th is u tte ra n c e , A h , w h a t h a p p in e ss ! A h , w h a t h a p p in e ss ! ' w h ile he is re c a llin g th e fo rm e r jo y s o f k in g s h ip / ' T h e n th e L o rd a d d re sse d a c e rta in m o n k , s a y in g : " C o m e y o u , m o n k , in m y n a m e a d d re ss th e m o n k B h a d d iy a s a y in g : ' T h e T e a c h e r, re v e re n d B h a d d iy a , is su m m o n in g y o u V ' [183] " V e r y w e ll, L o r d / a n d t h a t m o n k , h a v in g a n sw e re d th e L o rd in a ssen t, a p p ro a c h e d th e v e n e ra b le B h a d d iy a ; h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d , he sp o k e th u s to th e v e n e ra b le B h a d d iy a : " T h e T e a c h e r, re v e re n d B h a d d iy a , is s u m m o n in g y o u / ' || 5 | | " V e r y w e ll, y o u r r e v e r e n c e / ' a n d th e v e n e ra b le B h a d d iy a , h a v in g a n sw e re d t h a t m o n k in a sse n t, a p p ro a c h e d th e L o r d ; h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d , h a v in g g re e te d th e L o rd , he s a t d o w n a t a re sp e c tfu l d is ta n c e . T h e L o r d s p o k e th u s to th e v e n e ra b le B h a d d iy a as he w a s s ittin g d o w n a t a re s p e c tfu l d is ta n c e : Ts it tru e , a s is sa id , th a t y o u , B h a d d iy a , d w e llin g in a fo rest a n d a t th e ro o t o f a tre e a n d in a n e m p t y p la c e , a re c o n s ta n tly u tte rin g th is u tte ra n c e , A h , w h a t h a p p in e ss ! A h , w h a t h a p p in ess ! ? " Y es, L o rd /' ,r W h a t c irc u m s ta n c e s w e re y o u , B h a d d iy a , ta k in g in to a c co u n t w h e n , d w e llin g in a fo re st a n d a t th e ro o t o f a tre e a n d in an e m p ty p la c e , y o u c o n s ta n tly u tte r e d th is u tte ra n c e , 4A h , w h a t h a p p in e ss ! A h , w h a t h a p p in e ss ! ' ? " F o r m e r ly , L o rd , w h e n I w a s a ru le r th e re w a s a fu lly a p p o in te d g u a r d b o th w ith in m y p r iv a te q u a rte rs a n d o u tsid e m y p r iv a te q u a rte rs , th e re w a s a fu lly a p p o in te d g u a r d b o th w ith in th e to w n a n d o u tsid e th e to w n , a n d th e re w a s a fu lly a p p o in te d g u a rd w ith in th e c o u n t r y d is tric ts . B u t I, L o rd , a lth o u g h b e in g g u a rd e d a n d w a r d e d th u s , d w e lt a fra id , a n x io u s fe a rfu l, a la rm e d .2 B u t n o w I , L o r d , d w e llin g in a fo rest a n d a t th e ro o t o f a tre e a n d in an e m p t y p la c e , a m u n a fra id , n o t a n x io u s, n o t fe a rfu l, n ot a la rm e d . I a m u n co n ce rn ed ,
1 Q u o te d U d A . 16 1 . 1 S a m e q u a r t e t o f w o r d s b e lo w , C V . V I I . 2 . i ; 3 , 4, 7.

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u n ru ffled ,1 d e p en d e n t on o th e rs ,2 w ith a m in d b e co m e a s a w ild c r e a tu r e 's .3 T h is , L o rd , w a s th e c irc u m s ta n c e I w a s ta k in g in to a c c o u n t w h en , d w e llin g in a fo rest a n d a t th e ro o t o f a tre e a n d in a n e m p ty p la ce , I c o n s ta n tly u tte r e d th is u tte ra n c e , 'A h , w h a t h a p p in e ss ! A h , w h a t h a p p in e ss ! ' " T h e n th e L o rd , h a v in g u n d e rsto o d th is m a tte r , a t t h a t tim e u tte r e d th is u tte ra n c e : " In w h o m th e re in ly lu rk no sp ite s, w h o h a s o v e rc o m e b e c o m in g a n d n o t b e c o m in g th u s or th u s ,4 H im , g o n e p a st fe a r, b lissfu l, so rro w less, th e devas d o n o t w in to s e e ." | J 6 || 1 J | T h e n th e L o rd , h a v in g s ta y e d a t A n u p iy a fo r as lo n g as he fo u n d su itin g , set o u t on a lm s to u r fo r K o sa m b l. G r a d u a lly , w a lk in g on to u r, h e a rriv e d a t K o s a m b l T h e L o rd s ta y e d th ere a t K o s a m b l in G h o s ita 's m o n a ste ry . T h e n a s D e v a d a t t a w a s m e d ita tin g in p r iv a te a re a so n in g aro se in h is m in d th u s : " W h o m 5 n o w c o u ld I p lea se, so th a t b e c a u se h e is p le a se d w ith m e, m u ch g a in a n d h o n o u r w o u ld a c cru e (to m e) ? " 6 T h e n it o ccu rred to D e v a d a t t a : " T h is P rin c e A j a t a s a t t u is y o u n g [184] a n d a lso h a s a n a u sp ic io u s fu tu re . , W h a t n o w if I w ere to m a k e P rin c e A ja t a s a t t u p le a se d , so th a t b e cau se he is p lea sed w ith m e, m u c h g a in a n d h o n o u r w o u ld a c cru e (to me) ? "
1 p a n n a lo m a . C f . lotn a m p d te ti a s a t C V , I . 6 . 1. * p a ra d a tta v u tta . V A . 1 2 7 5 , M . i. 4 5 0 , U d . 1 9 r e a d p a ra d a v u tto , w it h v .ll. U d A . 1 6 3 s a y s l i v i n g o n t h e g i f t s o f o t h e r s in r e s p e c t o f r o b e s a n d so o n . M A . iii. 1 6 7 e x p la in s b y p a r e h i d in n a v u ttin o p a r a to la d d h e n a y d p e n td , w h o s e liv e lih o o d is g i v e n b y o t h e r s , s u b s is t i n g o n w h a t is o b t a in e d f r o m a n o th e r. W o o d w a r d , V e r . U p li f t , p . 24 , n . 3 s a y s t h a t '* s u c h m e a n in g s a r e h a r d l y a p p l ic a b le in t h e c o n t e x t . " H e t r a n s la t e s a s " lig h t s o m e / ' f o llo w in g P . E . D . s s u g g e s t io n t h a t p a v a d a is " f o n d o f " w i t h v u tta ** b e in g p r e p a r e d / * a c t iv e , a l e r t . I c h o o s e d e p e n d e n t o n o t h e r s / ' f o l lo w in g t h e C o m m e n t a r ie s , a n d a s b a l a n c i n g h is f o r m e r d e p e n d e n c e o n t h o s e o t h e r s w h o g u a r d e d h im . 3 S a m e q u a r t e t o f w o r d s a s a t M . i. 4 50 , ii. 1 2 1 . M A . iii. 1 6 7 s e e m s t o e x p l a in t h e la s t w o r d , m ig a b h u te n a ce ta sd , a s n o t e x p e c t i n g o r h o p in g fo r a n y t h in g . 4 itib h a v d b h a v a ta m . H e r e V A . 1 2 7 5 a n d U d A . 1 6 4 e x p la i n bha v a a n d v ib k a v a m u c h a s d o S n A . 2 0 , S A . iii. 2 9 5 , M A . iii. 2 2 3 , a n d s a y t h a t o n e is f r e e d f r o m t h i s s t a t e o f b e c o m in g t h i s o r t h a t b y m e a n s o f t h e f o u r w a y s . C f . a ls o fu lle r e x p l a n a t i o n a t U d A . 1 6 4 , t h e r a t h e r d if f e r e n t e x p l a n a t io n a t M A . ii. 74 , a n d n o t e t h a t V A . 1 2 7 5 s a y s t h a t v ib h a v a a n d abhava a r e i d e n t ic a l in m e a n in g . T h i s lin e o c c u r s a t U d . I I . 10 a n d S n . 6. C f . itib h a v d b k a v a k a lk d a t V i n . i v . 1 6 4 a n d p a r a l le l p a s s a g e s m e n t io n e d a t

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T h e n D e v a d a tta , h a v in g p a c k e d a w a y his lo d g in g , ta k in g h is b o w l a n d ro b e, se t o u t fo r R a ja g a h a ; in d u e co u rse he a rriv e d a t R a ja g a h a .1 T h e n D e v a d a t t a , h a v in g th ro w n off h is o w n fo rm , h a v in g a ssu m e d th e fo r m 2 o f a y o u n g b o y c la d in a g ird le o f s n a k e s ,3 b e c a m e m a n ife s t in P rin c e A ja t a s a t t u 's la p . T h e n P rin c e A j a t a s a t t u w a s a fr a id , a n x io u s , fe a rfu l, a la rm e d .4 T h e n D e v a d a t t a sp o k e th u s to P rin ce A ja t a s a t t u : A r e y o u , p rin c e , a fr a id o f m e ? Y e s , I a m a fr a id . W h o a re y o u ? " " I am D e v a d a tta / ' " I f y o u , h o n o u re d sir, a re r e a lly m a s te r D e v a d a tta , p le a se b eco m e m a n ifest in y o u r o w n fo r m / ' T h e n D e v a d a t t a , h a v in g th ro w n o ff th e y o u n g b o y 's fo rm , s to o d , w e a rin g h is o u te r c lo a k a n d (other) ro b es a n d c a r ry in g h is b o w l, b e fo re P rin c e A j a t a sa ttu - T h e n P rin c e A j a t a s a t t u , g r e a t ly p le a se d w ith th is w o n d er o f p s y c h ic p o w e r on D e v a d a t t a s p a r t, m o rn in g a n d e v e n in g 6 w e n t to w a it on h im w ith fiv e h u n d re d c h a rio ts , a n d fiv e h u n d re d o ffe rin g s o f rice c o o k e d in m ilk w e re b ro u g h t as a g ift o f fo o d .6 T h e n th e re a ro se to D e v a d a t t a , o v e rco m e b y g a in s, h o n o u rs a n d fa m e ,7 h is m in d o b sessed b y th e m , so m e su ch lo n g in g a s th is : I t is I w h o w ill le a d th e O rd e r o f m o n k s ."8 B u t a t th e v e r y o c c u rre n c e o f th is th o u g h t D e v a d a t t a d eclin ed in his p s y c h ic p o w e r .9 |[ i || N o w a t th a t tim e 10 K a k u d h a 11 th e K o liy a n ,12 th e v e n e ra b le M o g g a lla n a th e G r e a t's a tte n d a n t, h a d ju s t d ie d a n d h a d arisen in a c e rta in m in d -m a d e 13 b o d y , a n d su c h w a s th e re in s ta te m e n t
1 T h i s e p is o d e , a s f a r a s w h e r e D e v a d a t t a s t a n d s b e fo r e A j a t a s a t t u . is a ls o t o ld a t D h A . i. 13 9 . * Cf. V i n . i. 3 , w h e r e M u c a li n d a a s s u m e d t h e f o r m o f a b r a h m a n y o u t h . * V A . 1 2 7 5 s a y s h a v i n g b o u n d a s n a k e r o u n d t h e h ip s . D h A . i. 1 3 9 e la b o r a t e s t h a t t h e r e w e r e f o u r p o is o n o u s s n a k e s , i.e . o n e o n e a c h h a n d a n d f o o t ; a ls o o n e h u n g r o u n d t h e n e c k , o n e w a s m a d e in t o a c o i l o n t h e h e a d , a n d o n e a r r a n g e d o v e r o n e s h o u ld e r . 4 A s a b o v e , V I I . 1 . 6. 6 A s a t S . ii. 2 4 2 . * C f . Vin. iii. 15 . 7 A s a t S. ii. 2 28 f . Cf. Ldbhasakkdra Samyutta , 5 . ii. 2 2 5 - 4 4 . s Cf. D h A . i. 1 3 9 . A t D . ii. 10 0 G o t a m a t e l l s A n a n d a t h a t t h i s t h o u g h t d o e s n o t o c c u r t o t h e T r u t h - fin d e r . * S e e E . J . T h o m a s , Life o f B u d d h a , p . 1 3 2 ff. 10 in c id e n t t o t h e e n d o f j| 4 || is a ls o t o l d a t A . iii. 1 2 2 - 1 2 6 . 11 S e e n o t e a t G.S. iii. 9 5 . 11 S p e l t K o l i y a a b o v e . O n t h i s tT ib e s e e v o l. I . 1 7 7 a n d B . C . L a w , Tribes in Ancient India, 290 ff. 13 manomaya, a s a g a in a t A . iii. 19 2 .

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o f his in d iv id u a lity 1 th a t it w a s lik e tw o o r th re e M a g a d h a n v illa g e fie ld s ,2 y e t e v e n w ith t h a t re in s ta te m e n t o f in d iv id u a lity he in ju re d n e ith e r h im self n o r a n o th e r. T h e n K a k u d h a th e y o u n g deva a p p ro a c h e d th e v e n e ra b le M o g g a lla n a th e G r e a t ; h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d , h a v in g g re e te d th e v e n e ra b le M o g g a lla n a th e G re a t, h e sto o d a t a re sp e c tfu l d is ta n c e . A s h e w a s s ta n d in g a t a re sp e c tfu l d ista n c e , th e y o u n g deva K a k u d h a sp o k e th u s to th e v e n e ra b le M o g g a lla n a th e G re a t : T o D e v a d a tta , h o n o u re d sir, o v e rc o m e b y g a in s, h o n o u rs an d fa m e , h is m in d o b sessed b y th e m , so m e su c h lo n g in g as th is aro se : I t is I w h o w ill le a d th e O rd e r o f m o n k s . B u t, h o n o u red sir, a t th e v e r y o c cu rre n c e o f th is th o u g h t D e v a d a t t a d e clin e d in h is p s y c h ic p o w e r .'1 T h u s sp o k e K a k u d h a th e y o u n g deva . H a v in g sp o k e n th u s , h a v in g g re e te d th e v e n e ra b le M o g g a lla n a th e G r e a t, k e e p in g h is r ig h t sid e to w a rd s him he v a n ish e d th en a n d th e re . T h e n th e v e n e r a b le M o g g a lla n a th e G re a t a p p ro a c h e d th e L o rd ; [185] h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d , h a v in g g ree te d th e L o rd , h e s a t d o w n a t a r e s p e c tfu l d is ta n c e . A s h e w as s ittin g d o w n a t a re sp e c tfu l d is ta n c e , th e v e n e ra b le M o g g a lla n a th e G r e a t sp o k e th u s to th e L o rd : K a k u d h a th e K o liy a n , L o rd , m y a tte n d a n t, h a s ju s t d ied a n d h a s arisen in a c e rta in m in d -m a d e b o d y . . . . T h e n K a k u d h a th e y o u n g deva a p p ro a c h e d m e . . . k e e p in g h is rig h t sid e to w a rd s m e, h e v a n is h e d th e n a n d th e r e ." B u t, M o g g a lla n a , d o es K a k u d h a th e y o u n g deva so co m p a ss y o u r m in d w ith his m in d fo r y o u to k n o w th a t w h a te v e r K a k u d h a th e y o u n g deva sa y s, a ll th a t is so a n d n o t o th e rw ise ? L o rd , K a k u d h a th e y o u n g deva so co m p a sses m y m in d w ith his m in d fo r m e to k n o w th a t w h a te v e r K a k u d h a th e y o u n g deva s a y s , a ll t h a t is so a n d n o t o th e r w is e . " M ind w h a t y o u s a y , M o g g a lla n a , m in d w h a t y o u s a y ,3 M o g g a lla n a . T h is fo o lish m a n 4 w ill n o w b e t r a y h im self, b y h im self. || 2 || M o g g a lla n a , th e se fiv e te a ch e rs a re fo u n d in th e w o r ld .5 W h a t fiv e ?
1 * 3 4 6 a tta b h d v a p a tild b h a . A A . iii. 2 7 7 e x p la in s a tta b h d va b y s a r lr a , b o d y . S iz e s o f t h e s e g i v e n a t A A . iii. 2 7 7 . A s a t M . i. 50 2 . I .e . D e v a d a t t a . S e c t i o n s jj 3, 4 \ \ r e p e a t e d b e lo w C V . V I I . 3. 10 .

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" T h is is a case, M o g g a lla n a , w h e n so m e te a c h e r, n o t p ure in m o ra l h a b it, p re te n d s I a m p u re in m o ra l h a b it/ a n d he sa y s, M y m o ra l h a b it is p u re , c le a n , u n ta rn is h e d / D is c ip le s k n o w th is a b o u t h im : 4T h is w o r t h y te a c h e r, n o t p u re in m o ra l h a b it p re te n d s . . . u n ta r n is h e d / B u t t h e y th in k : ' I f w e sh o u ld te ll th is to h o u seh o ld ers, h e w o u ld n o t lik e it, a n d h o w c o u ld w e c a r r y o u t 1 w h a t h e w o u ld n o t lik e ? M o re o v e r he co n se n ts t o (a c c e p t )2 th e re q u is ite s o f ro b es, a lm sfo o d , lo d g in g s a n d m e d icin e s fo r th e sic k . W h a te v e r a n y o n e 3 sh a ll do, even b y t h a t sh a ll h e 3 be k n o w n / M o g g a lla n a , d iscip les p ro te c t su ch a te a c h e r in re g a rd to m o ra l h a b it a n d su c h a te a c h e r e x p e c ts p ro te c tio n fro m d isc ip le s in re g a rd to m o ra l h a b it. || 3 || A n d a g a in , M o g g a lla n a , th is is a c a se w h e n so m e te a c h e r, n o t p u re in m o d e o f liv e lih o o d , p re te n d s . . . [186] . . . n o t p u re in te a c h in g o f dham m a , p re te n d s . . * n o t p u re in e x p o sitio n . . . n ot p u re in k n o w le d g e a n d v isio n , p re te n d s . . . M o g g a lla n a , d iscip les p r o te c t su c h a te a c h e r in re g a rd to k n o w le d g e a n d v isio n , a n d su ch a te a c h e r e x p e c ts p r o te c tio n fro m d iscip les in re g a rd to k n o w le d g e a n d visio n . T h e se , M o g g a lla n a , are th e fiv e te a c h e rs fo u n d in th e w o rld . B u t I, M o g g a lla n a , a m p u re in m o ra l h a b it, I a c k n o w le d g e th a t I a m p u re in m o ra l h a b it, t h a t m y m o ra l h a b it is p u re, clean , u n ta rn ish e d . A n d d iscip les d o n o t p r o te c t m e in re g a rd to m o ra l h a b it a n d I d o n o t e x p e c t p r o te c tio n fro m d iscip les in re g a rd to m o ra l h a b it. I a m p u re in m o d e o f liv e lih o o d . . . I a m p u re in dham m a te a c h in g . . . I a m p u re in e x p o s itio n . . . I a m p u re in k n o w le d g e a n d v isio n . I a c k n o w le d g e th a t I a m p u re in k n o w le d g e a n d v isio n , t h a t m y k n o w le d g e a n d v isio n are p u re , c le a n , u n ta rn ish e d . A n d d iscip les d o n o t p ro te c t m e in re g a rd to k n o w le d g e a n d v isio n , a n d I d o n o t e x p e c t p ro te c tio n fro m d isc ip le s in re g a rd to k n o w le d g e a n d v is io n / ' || 4 || T h e n th e L o rd , h a v in g s t a y e d a t K o sa m b I fo r a s lo n g a s he fo u n d su itin g , s e t o u t on a to u r fo r R a ja g a h a . G r a d u a lly , w a lk in g on to u r, he a r r iv e d a t R a ja g a h a . T h e L o r d s ta y e d
1 sa m u d a ca re y y a m a , e x p la in e d a t A A . iii. 278 a s k a th e y y a m a t s a y , s p e a k .
s a m m a n n a ti, V A . 1275 e x p l a i n i n g a s s a m m a n e ti , a n d A A . iii. 278 a s sa m m a n a tjt k a r o ti , h e m a k e s o r p r o d u c e s h o n o u r , i.e . b y a c c e p t i n g t h e s e g i f t s . * tu m o , e x p la in e d b y V A . 12 75 a s s o > a n d b y A A . iii. 278 a s e sa . . . eso (v .l. 50), t h i s o n e . C f . tu m o a t S n . 890, 908.

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th ere a t R a ja g a h a in th e B a m b o o G r o v e a t th e sq u irre ls' feed in g p la c e .1 T h e n se v e ra l m o n k s a p p ro a c h e d th e L o rd ; h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d , h a v in g g re e te d th e L o rd , t h e y s a t d o w n a t a re sp e c tfu l d is ta n c e . A s t h e y w ere s ittin g d o w n a t a re sp e c tfu l d ista n c e , th e s e m o n k s sp o k e th u s to th e L o r d : " P rin c e A ja t a s a t t u , L o rd , g o es m o rn in g a n d e v e n in g to w a it on D e v a d a t t a w ith fiv e h u n d re d c h a rio ts, a n d fiv e h u n d re d o fferin gs o f rice c o o k e d in m ilk are b ro u g h t as a g ift o f fo o d ." D o n o t, m o n k s, e n v y D e v a d a t t a 's g a in s a n d h o n o u rs a n d fa m e. F o r a s lo n g , m o n k s, as P rin c e A j a t a s a t t u g o es m o rn in g a n d e v e n in g to w a it on D e v a d a t t a w ith fiv e h u n d re d c h a rio ts [18 7] a n d (as lo n g as) fiv e h u n d re d o ffe rin g s o f rice c o o k e d in m ilk a re b ro u g h t as a g ift o f fo o d , th e re m a y b e e x p e c te d for D e v a d a t t a d e clin e in s k ille d m e n ta l s ta te s , n o t g ro w th . I t is a s if, m o n k s, t h e y w e re to th r o w 2 a b la d d e r 3 a t a fierce d o g 's nose as t h a t d o g , m o n k s, w o u ld b e co m e m u c h fiercer, e ve n so, m o n k s, fo r a s lo n g as P rin c e A ja t a s a t t u g o es m o rn in g a n d e v e n in g . . . th e re m a y b e e x p e c te d fo r D e v a d a t t a d e clin e in sk ille d m e n ta l s ta te s , n o t g ro w th . D e v a d a t t a 's g a in s, h o n o u rs a n d fa m e 4 b rin g a b o u t h is o w n h u rt, D e v a d a t t a 's g a in s, h o n o u r a n d fa m e b rin g a b o u t h is d e stru c tio n . A s , m o n k s, a p la n ta in b ears fru it to its o w n h u r t, b e a rs fr u it t o its d e stru c tio n , e ve n so, m o n k s, d o D e v a d a t t a 's g a in s, h o n o u rs a n d fa m e b rin g a b o u t his o w n h u rt, d o D e v a d a t t a 's g a in s, h o n o u rs a n d fa m e b rin g a b o u t h is d e s tru c tio n . A s , m o n k s, a b a m b o o . . . a reed b e a rs fru it t o its o w n h u r t . . . e ve n so, m o n k s, do D e v a d a t t a 's g a in s, h o n o u rs a n d fa m e b rin g a b o u t . . . h is d e stru c tio n . A s , m o n k s, a sh e-m u le c o n c e iv e s to h e r o w n h u rt, c o n c e iv e s to h er d e stru c tio n , e v e n so, m o n k s, d o D e v a d a t t a 's g a in s, h o n o u rs a n d fa m e b rin g a b o u t . . . h is d e stru c tio n . T r u ly its fr u it th e p la n ta in d o es d e s tro y , I t s fr u it th e b a m b o o , its fr u it th e reed ; S o h o n o u r d o es d e s tr o y th e fo o l, J u s t a s its e m b r y o th e m u le ." 5 j| 5 || 2 |[ T o ld is th e F ir s t P o r tio n fo r R e p e a tin g .
1 C f . S . ii. 2 42 f o r t h i s e p is o d e d o w n t o t h e e n d o f t h e s im ile o f t h e f ie r c e d o g . * b k in d e y y u tn is e x p la in e d a t S A . ii. 2 1 2 b y p a k k h ip e y y u m . 3 p itta . S e e M o r r is , J P T S . 18 9 3 , p . 4 a n d U d A . 6 5 . S / l . ii. 2 1 2 e x p l a i n s p itta a s t h a t o f a b e a r o r a fish . C f . S . ii. 2 4 1 , A . ii. 73 t o t h e e n d o f t h e v e r s e . 6 Q u o t e d S, i. 1 5 4 , M i l n . 1 6 6 , N e tti. 13 0 .

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N o w a t th a t tim e th e L o r d w a s s ittin g d o w n te a c h in g dhamma su rro u n d e d b y a la rg e c o m p a n y , b y a c o m p a n y w h ich in c lu d e d th e k in g .1 T h e n D e v a d a t t a , risin g fro m h is se a t, h a v in g a rra n g e d his u p p e r ro b e o v e r o n e sh o u ld er, h a v in g s a lu te d th e L o rd w ith jo in e d p a lm s, sp o k e th u s t o th e L o rd : L o rd , th e L o rd is n o w o ld , w o rn , stric k e n in y e a r s , h e h a s liv e d his sp an a n d is a t th e clo se o f his life 2 ; L o r d , le t th e L o r d n o w b e c o n te n t to liv e d e v o te d to a b id in g in ease h ere a n d n o w ,3 le t h im h a n d o v e r th e O rd e r of m o n k s to m e. I t is I w h o w ill le a d th e O rd er of m on ks/' " E n o u g h , D e v a d a tta , p le a se d o n o t le a d th e O rd e r o f m o n k s . A n d a se c o n d tim e . . . A n d a th ird tim e D e v a d a t t a sp o k e th u s to th e L o r d ; " L o r d , th e L o r d is n o w o ld , w o rn , s tric k e n in y e a r s . . . I t is I w h o w ill le a d th e O rd e r o f m onks/* " I, D e v a d a tta , w o u ld n o t h a n d o v e r th e O rd e r o f m o n k s even to S a r ip u tta a n d M o g g a lla n a . H o w th e n c o u ld I to y o u , a w re tc h e d one to b e v o m ite d lik e s p ittle ? 4 T hen D e v a d a tta , th in k in g : [188] T h e L o rd in an a ss e m b ly w h ic h in c lu d e d a k in g d is p a ra g e d m e b y (using) th e term , ' one to b e v o m ite d lik e s p it t le / w h ile h e e x to lle d S a r ip u tta a n d M o g g a lla n a , a n g r y , d isp le a se d , h a v in g g re e te d th e L o rd , d e p a rte d k e e p in g h is r ig h t sid e to w a rd s h im . A n d th is w a s th e first tim e t h a t D e v a d a t t a fe lt m a lice to w a rd s th e L o rd . || i|| T h e n th e L o rd a d d ressed th e m o n k s, s a y in g : W e ll th e n , m on ks, le t th e O rd er c a r r y o u t a (form al) a c t o f I n fo r m a tio n 5 a g a in st D e v a d a t t a in R a ja g a h a to th e e ffe c t th a t w h e re a s D e v a d a t t a s n a tu re w a s fo r m e r ly of o n e k in d , n o w it is of a n o th e r k in d ; a n d t h a t w h a te v e r D e v a d a t t a sh o u ld d o b y g estu re a n d b y v o ic e , in t h a t n e ith e r th e A w a k e n e d O n e n o r
1 C f . a n o t h e r v e r s io n o f t h i s e p is o d e , a s f a r a s ** t h e a c t o f I n f o r m a t i o n " a t D h A . i. 1 3 9 -4 0 . a S t o c k , a s a t V i n . iii. 2 , M . i. 82, S n . p p . 5 0 , 9-2. * d itth a d h a m m a su k h a v ih d ra , a s a t V i n . i. 3 4 1 . * T e x t r e a d s k h e ld p a k a s sa , V A . 1 2 7 5 h h e ld sa k a . V A . 12 75 e x p la in s : r e q u is it e s a c c r u in g b y m e a n s o f a n e v i l m o d e o f l iv e l ih o o d s h o u ld b e e je c t e d l i k e s p it t l e b y t h e n o b le o n e s . T h a t is w h y t h e L o r d s a id " t o b e v o m i t e d lik e s p it t le / * k h e ld s a k a , ( t o e x p la in ) t h a t h e ( D e v a d a t t a ) e a t s r e q u is i t e s o f t h is n a t u r e . * p a k d s a n iy a k a m m a . V i n . T e x ts iii. 2 3 9 ,. n . 2 r i g h t l y s a y s " T h i s is n o t a m o n g t h e r e g u la r o f fic ia l a c t s o f t h e O r d e r a s d e s c r ib e d in C V . I , " b u t it is w r o n g t o s a y " i t is n o t r e fe r r e d t o b y t h e D h p . c o m m e n t a t o r *' f o r i t is m e n t io n e d a t D h A . i. 14 0 .

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dhamma nor th e O rd er sh o u ld b e seen , b u t in th a t o n ly D e v a d a tta sh o u ld be seen. A n d th u s, m o n k s, sh o u ld it be ca rrie d o u t : T h e O rd er sh o u ld b e in fo rm e d b y an e x p e rie n ced , c o m p e te n t m o n k , s a y in g : ' H o n o u re d sirs, le t th e O rd er listen to m e. I f it seem s rig h t to th e O rd er, le t th e O rd er c a r r y o u t an a c t o f In fo rm a tio n a g a in s t D e v a d a t t a in R a ja g a h a , to th e e ffect th a t w h e re a s D e v a d a t t a s n a tu re w a s fo rm e rly o f one k in d , n o w it is o f a n o th e r k in d , a n d t h a t w h a te v e r D e v a d a t t a sh o u ld d o . . . in th a t o n ly D e v a d a t t a sh o u ld b e seen. T h is is th e m o tio n . H o n o u re d sirs, le t th e O rd e r liste n to m e. T h e O rd er is c a r ry in g o u t th e (form al) a c t o f In fo rm a tio n a g a in st D e v a d a t t a in R a ja g a h a , to th e e ffect t h a t . . . in t h a t o n ly D e v a d a t t a sh o u ld b e seen. I f th e c a r ry in g o u t o f th e (form al) a c t o f In fo rm a tio n a g a in s t D e v a d a t t a in R a ja g a h a to th e effect th a t * . . in th a t o n ly D e v a d a t t a sh o u ld b e seen is p le a sin g to th e v e n e ra b le ones, th e y sh o u ld be sile n t ; h e to w h o m it is n ot p le a sin g sh o u ld sp e a k . T h e (form al) a c t of In fo rm a tio n a g a in s t D e v a d a t t a in R a ja g a h a to th e e ffect th a t . . . in th a t o n ly D e v a d a t t a sh o u ld b e seen is c a rrie d o u t b y th e O rd er. I t is p le a sin g to th e O rd er, th e re fo re it is sile n t. T h u s d o I u n d e r sta n d th is , T h e n th e L o r d ad d ressed th e v e n e ra b le S a r ip u tta , s a y in g : W e ll th e n , d o y o u , S a r ip u tta , in fo rm a g a in s t D e v a d a t t a in R a ja g a h a . F o rm e rly , L o rd , I sp o k e p ra ise o f D e v a d a t t a in R a ja g a h a s a y in g : G o d h is son is o f g re a t p s y c h ic p o w er, G o d h is son is o f g re a t m a je s ty .' H o w c a n I, L o r d , in fo rm a g a in s t D e v a d a tta in R a ja g a h a ? W a s n o t th e tr u th sp o k en b y y o u , S a r ip u tta , w h en y o u sp ok e p ra ise o f D e v a d a t t a in R a ja g a h a s a y in g : ' G o d h is son is o f . . . g re a t m a je s t y ? '* Y e s , L o r d ." E v e n so, S a r ip u tta , w h e n y o u in fo rm a g a in s t D e v a d a t t a in R a ja g a h a it w ill b e ju s t as t r u e . V e r y w e ll, L o r d , th e v e n e ra b le S a r ip u tta an sw ered th e L o rd in a ssen t. | J 2 || T h e n th e L o r d a d d ressed th e m o n k s, s a y in g : " W e ll th en , m on ks, le t th e O rd e r a g ree fo r S a r ip u tta to in fo rm a g a in st D e v a d a tta in R a ja g a h a s a y in g : * F o r m e r ly D e v a d a t t a s n a tu re w a s of su ch a k in d , n o w it is o f a n o th e r k in d , a n d th a t w h a te v e r

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D e v a d a t t a sh o u ld d o b y g e stu re a n d b y v o ic e , in th a t n e ith e r th e A w a k e n e d O n e n o r dham m a n o r th e O rd e r sh o u ld b e seen, b u t in th a t o n ly D e v a d a t t a sh o u ld b e se e n .' A n d th u s , m o n k s, sh o u ld S a r ip u tta b e a g re e d u p o n : F ir s t, S a r ip u tta sh o u ld b e a sk e d ; h a v in g b een a sk e d , th e O rd e r sh o u ld be in fo rm e d b y a n e x p e rie n ced , c o m p e te n t m o n k , s a y in g : H o n o u re d sirs, le t th e O rd e r liste n to m e . I f it seem s rig h t to th e O rd er, th e O rd e r m a y agree fo r th e v e n e ra b le S a r ip u tta [189] to in fo rm a g a in st D e v a d a t t a in R a ja g a h a s a y in g : F o r m e r ly D e v a d a t t a 's n a tu re w a s o f one k in d . . . in t h a t o n ly D e v a d a t t a sh o u ld be se e n / T h is is th e m o tio n . I f th e a g re e m e n t u p o n S a r ip u tta to in fo rm a g a in s t D e v a d a t t a in R a ja g a h a , s a y in g : F o r m e r ly D e v a d a tta 's n a tu re w a s o f one k in d . . . in th a t o n ly D e v a d a tta sh o u ld be seen ' is p le a sin g to th e v e n e ra b le o n es, th e y sh o u ld be sile n t ; he to w h o m it is n o t p le a sin g sh o u ld sp e a k . T h e v e n e ra b le S a r ip u tta is a g re e d u p o n b y th e O rd e r to in fo rm a g a in s t D e v a d a t t a in R a ja g a h a , sa y in g : * F o r m e r ly D e v a d a t t a 's n a tu re w a s o f o n e k in d . . . in th a t o n ly D e v a d a t t a sh o u ld b e s e e n / , . I t is p le a sin g to th e O rd er, th e re fo re it is sile n t. T h u s do I u n d e rsta n d th is T h e v e n e ra b le S a r ip u tta , (thus) a g re e d u p o n , h a v in g en te red R a ja g a h a to g e th e r w ith s e v e ra l m o n k s, in fo rm e d a g a in s t D e v a d a tta in R a ja g a h a to th e e ffe c t t h a t : F o r m e r ly D e v a d a t t a s n a tu re w a s o f one k in d , n o w it is o f a n o th e r k in d , a n d th a t w h a te v e r D e v a d a t t a sh o u ld d o b y g e stu re a n d b y v o ic e , in th a t n e ith e r th e A w a k e n e d O n e n o r dham m a n o r th e O rd er sh o u ld b e seen, b u t in th a t o n ly D e v a d a t t a sh o u ld be s e e n ." T h o se p e o p le w h o w ere o f little fa ith , n o t b e lie v in g , w h o w ere o f p o o r in te llig e n c e , sp o k e th u s : T h e se reclu ses, sons o f th e S a k y a n s a re je a lo u s, t h e y are je a lo u s o f D e v a d a t t a 's g a in s a n d h o n o u rs / ' B u t th o se p e o p le w h o h a d fa ith a n d w ere b e lie v in g , w h o w ere w ise, in te llig e n t, sp o k e th u s : T h is ca n be no o rd in a ry m a tte r in t h a t th e L o rd h a s D e v a d a t t a in fo rm ed a g a in st in R a ja g a h a ." || 3 || T h e n D e v a d a t t a a p p ro a c h e d P rin c e A j a t a s a t t u ; h a v in g a p p ro a ch e d , he sp o k e th u s to P rin c e A j a t a s a t t u : " F o r m e r ly / p rin ce, peo p le w ere lo n g -liv e d , n o w a d a y s t h e y are sh o rt-liv e d , a n d it is p ossible t h a t y o u , w h ile s till a p rin ce, m ig h t p ass a w a y .
1 Q u o t e d D h A . i. 14 0 , D A . 1 3 5 .

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W e ll now , do y o u , p rin ce, h a v in g sla in y o u r fa th e r, b e co m e kin g . I , h a v in g sla in th e L o rd , w ill b e co m e th e A w a k e n e d O n e . A n d P rin c e A ja t a s a t t u , t h i n k i n g : N o w , m a ste r D e v a d a tta is o f g r e a t p s y c h ic p o w er, o f g re a t m a je s ty ; m a ste r D e v a d a tta m u st k n o w (w h a t is r ig h t ) / ' h a v in g fa ste n e d a d a g g e r 1 a g a in st his th ig h , a t an e a r ly h o u r (alth ou gh ) a fra id , a n x io u s, fe a rfu l, a la rm e d , e n te re d th e (k in g's) p r iv a te q u a rte rs fo rc ib ly . B u t th e c h ie f m in isters in a tte n d a n c e in th e p r iv a te q u a rte rs sa w P rin c e A ja t a s a t t u a t an e a r ly h o u r (alth ou gh ) a fra id , a n x io u s, fe a rfu l, a la rm e d , e n te rin g th e (k in g s) p r iv a te q u a rters fo rc ib ly . S e e in g h im , t h e y la id h o ld o f h im . T h e se e x a m in in g h im , a n d h a v in g seen th e d a g g e r b o u n d a g a in s t his th ig h , sp o k e th u s to P rin c e A ja t a s a t t u : W h a t is it th a t y o u , p rin ce, w a n t t o do ? " " I w a n t to s la y m y fa t h e r / ' B y w h o m are y o u b e in g in c ite d ? " B y m a ste r D e v a d a t t a ." S o m e c h ie f m in iste rs g a v e th is o p in io n : T h e P rin c e sh o u ld b e sla in a n d D e v a d a tta a n d a ll th e m o n k s sh o u ld b e sla in ." 2 S o m e c h ie f m in iste rs g a v e th is op in io n : T h e m o n k s sh o u ld n o t b e sla in fo r th e m o n k s are n o t g iv in g o ffe n ce ,3 b u t th e P rin c e sh o u ld b e sla in a n d D e v a d a t t a / ' S o m e c h ie f m in iste rs g a v e th is o p in io n : ** T h e P rin ce sh o u ld n o t be slain , n or D e v a d a t t a , th e m o n k s sh o u ld n o t b e slain . T h e k in g sh o u ld b e to ld a n d w e w ill d o w h a te v e r th e k in g s a y s ." jj 4 || T h e n th e se c h ie f m in iste rs, ta k in g P rin c e A ja t a s a t t u , a p p ro a ch e d K in g S e n iy a B im b is a r a o f M a g a d h a ; [190] h a v in g a p p ro a ch e d , t h e y to ld th is m a tte r to K in g S e n iy a B im b is a ra of M a g a d h a . H e sa id : " W h a t o p in io n , m y g o o d m en , h a v e th e c h ie f m in iste rs fo rm e d ? " Som e c h ie f m in isters, S ire, g a v e th is o p in io n . . . . S o m e ch ie f m in iste rs g a v e th is o p in io n . . . . S o m e c h ie f m in iste rs g a v e th is o p in io n : T h e P rin c e sh o u ld n o t b e slain , n o r D e v a d a tta , th e m o n k s sh o u ld n o t b e slain . T h e k in g sh o u ld be to ld a n d w e w ill do w h a te v e r th e k in g s a y s " W h a t, m y g o o d m en , c a n th e A w a k e n e d O n e or dham m a or th e O rd er h a v e to do (w ith this) ? H a s n o t th e L o rd a lre a d y
1 p o ith a n ik a r n . A s a t V i n . i. 2 1 7 , w h e r e t r a n s l a t e d ** b u t c h e r 's k n ife / * a Q u o t e d a t D A . 13 5 . a a p a r a jjh a n ti, a s a t V i n . iii. 16 2 .

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h a d D e v a d a tta in fo rm ed a g a in s t in R a ja g a h a to th e e ffe c t th a t fo rm e rly D e v a d a t t a s n a tu re w a s o f one k in d , n o w it is o f a n o th e r k in d , an d th a t w h a te v e r D e v a d a t t a m a y d o b y g e stu re or b y sp eech , in th a t n e ith e r th e A w a k e n e d O ne n o r dham m a n o r th e O rd e r is to b e seen , b u t in th a t o n ly D e v a d a t t a sh o u ld be seen ? T h o se c h ie f m in iste rs w h o h a d g iv e n th e ir o p in io n th u s : " T h e P rin ce sh o u ld b e sla in a n d D e v a d a t t a a n d a ll th e m o n k s sh o u ld be s la in / th e se he d is c h a r g e d .1 T h o se c h ie f m in iste rs w h o h a d g iv e n th e ir o p in io n th u s : T h e m o n k s sh o u ld n ot be slain, fo r th e m o n k s d o n o t g iv e a n y o ffen ce, b u t th e p rin ce sh ou ld be slain a n d D e v a d a t t a , th e se h e s e t in lo w ly p o sitio n s. T h o se c h ie f m in isters w h o h a d g iv e n th e ir o p in io n th u s : T h e p rin ce sh o u ld n o t be sla in , n o r D e v a d a t t a , n o r sh o u ld th e m o n k s be slain . T h e k in g sh o u ld b e to ld a n d w e w ill do w h a te v e r th e k in g s a y s , th e s e he s e t in h ig h p o sitio n s. T h e n K in g S e n iy a B im b is a r a o f M a g a d h a sp o k e th u s to P rin c e A ja t a s a t t u : " W h y d o y o u , p rin ce, w a n t to s la y m e ? S ire, I h a v e n eed o f a k in g d o m . I f it be th a t y o u , p rin ce, h a v e n eed o f a k in g d o m , th is k in g d o m is y o u r s , a n d h e h a n d e d o v e r th e k in g d o m to P rin ce A ja t a s a t t u . || 5 j| T h e n D e v a d a t t a a p p ro a c h e d P r in c e A j a t a s a t t u 2 ; h a v in g a p p ro a ch e d , he sp o k e th u s t o P rin c e A ja t a s a t t u : Y o u r M a je s ty , c o m m a n d y o u r m en so th a t t h e y d e p riv e th e reclu se G o ta m a o f life . T h e n P rin c e A ja t a s a t t u c o m m a n d ed h is m en, s a y in g : M y g o o d m en, d o w h a te v e r m a ste r D e v a d a tta s a y s . T h e n D e v a d a t t a e n jo in e d th e m en , s a y in g : " G o alo n g, frien d s, th e reclu se G o ta m a is s t a y in g a t a c e rta in p lace. H a v in g d e p riv e d h im o f life , co m e b a c k b y a c e rta in ro a d , an d he se t tw o m en on t h a t ro a d , s a y in g : " W h a te v e r m an com es alon e a lo n g th is ro a d , h a v in g d e p r iv e d h im o f life, com e b a c k b y th is r o a d / ' a n d h a v in g s e t fo u r m en on t h a t ro ad ,
1 te abhabbe a k a s i , h e r e n d e r e d t h e m i n c a p a b le (o f h o l d in g a n o ffic ia l p o s it io n ) . a V i n . T e x ts iii, 2 4 3, n . 2 p o in t s o u t t h a t A j a t a s a t t u is n o t c a l l e d k i n g '* h e re , a n d t h a t t h e r e fo r e t h e e v e n t s d e s c r ib e d in t h i s p a r a g r a p h t o o k p la c e b e fo r e h e a c t u a l l y b e c a m e k in g , a n d t h a t t h e p a r a g r a p h p r o b a b ly s t o o d o r ig in a lly in s o m e o t h e r c o n n e c t io n . O n t h e o t h e r h a n d , i t s h o u ld b e n o t ic e d t h a t D e v a d a t t a a d d r e s s e s h im a s m a h a ra ja .

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sa y in g : W h a te v e r co u p le o f m en co m e a lo n g b y th is ro a d , h a v in g d e p riv e d th e m o f life , co m e b a c k b y th is road,'* a n d h a v in g set e ig h t m en on th a t ro a d , s a y in g : " W h a te v e r fo u r m en co m e a lo n g b y th is ro a d , [1 9 1 ] . . . co m e b a c k b y th is ro a d / ' a n d h a v in g se t s ix te e n m en on th a t ro ad , h e sa id : " W h a te v e r e ig h t m en com e a lo n g b y th is ro ad , h a v in g d e p riv e d th em of life, co m e b a c k / |j 6 || T h e n th a t m a n w h o w a s alo n e, h a v in g g ra sp e d a sw o rd an d sh ield , h a v in g b o u n d on a b o w a n d q u iv e r ,1 a p p ro a c h e d th e L o rd ; h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d , w h en h e w a s q u ite n e a r th e L o rd he sto o d still, h is b o d y q u ite r ig id 2 a fra id , a n x io u s, fe a rfu l, a la rm e d .3 T h e L o rd s a w th a t m an s ta n d in g still, his b o d y q u ite rigid , a fra id , . ,a la rm e d a n d seein g h im , h e sp o k e th u s to th a t m an : " C o m e, frien d , d o n o t b e a fra id /* T h e n th a t m an, h a v in g p u t h is sw o rd a n d sh ie ld to one side, h a v in g la id d ow n his b o w a n d q u iv e r, a p p ro a c h e d th e L o rd ; h a v in g a p p ro a ch e d , h a v in g in clin ed his h e a d to th e L o rd 's fe e t, he sp o k e th u s to th e L o rd : 1 1 L o rd , a tra n sg re ssio n h a s o v e rc o m e m e , fo o lish , m isg u id ed , w ron g th a t I w as, in th a t I w a s c o m in g h ere w ith m y m in d m a lig n a n t ,4 m y m in d on m u rd e r .5 L o rd , m a y th e L o rd a c k n o w le d g e fo r m e th e tra n sg re ssio n as a tra n sg re ssio n fo r th e s a k e o f re s tra in t in th e fu t u r e / T r u ly , frie n d , a tra n sg re ssio n o v e rc a m e y o u , fo o lish , m isgu id ed , w ro n g t h a t y o u w ere, in th a t y o u w ere co m in g here, w ith y o u r m in d m a lig n a n t, y o u r m in d on m u rd e r. B u t if y o u , frien d , h a v in g seen th e tra n sg re ssio n a s a tra n sg re ssio n , confess a c co rd in g to th e ru le, w e a c k n o w le d g e it fo r y o u ; for frien d in th e d isc ip lin e o f th e n o b le , th is is g r o w th : w h o e v e r h a v in g seen a tra n sg re ssio n a s a tra n sg re ssio n , co n fesses a c co rd in g to th e ru le, h e a tta in s re stra in t in th e fu tu r e / 6 T h e n th e L o rd ta lk e d a p ro g re ssiv e t a lk 7 to th is m a n , th a t is to s a y t a lk on g iv in g , t a lk on m o ra l h a b it, t a lk on h e a v e n . . . so rro w , its u p risin g , s to p p in g , th e W a y . J u s t a s a c le a n
* S t o c k , a s a t e .g . A . iii. 9 3 - 4 , M . i. 86 , ii. 9 9 . * p a tth a d d h a , a s a t T h a g . 1 0 7 4 . V A . 1 2 7 5 , d a y s " w i t h h is b o d y m o t io n le s s lik e a fig u r e m o d e lle d in c l a y . A s a t C V . V I I . 1. 6 . * d u tth a citta , a s a t A f . iii. 6 5 . * v a d h a ka citta , a s a t D . iii. 7 2 . * C f . V in . i v . 1 8 - 1 9 , e t c . 7 A s a t V in . i. 1 5 .

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c lo th w ith o u t b la c k sp e c k s w ill ta k e a d y e e a s ily , e ve n so (as he w a s sittin g ) on th a t v e r y se a t d id dham m a- visio n , d u stless, stain less, arise to th a t m a n , t h a t w h a te v e r is o f a n a tu re to arise, a ll th a t is o f a n a tu re to s t o p / T h e n th a t m a n 1 as one w h o h a s seen dham m a , a tta in e d dham m a , k n o w n dham m a , p lu n g ed in to dham m a , h a v in g cro sse d o v e r d o u b t, h a v in g p u t a w a y u n c e rta in ty , h a v in g a tta in e d w ith o u t a n o th e r's h elp to fu ll con fid en ce in th e T e a c h e r s in s t r u c t io n sp o k e th u s to th e L o rd : E x c e lle n t, L o r d : L o rd , it is e x c e lle n t. I t is a s if one w ere to set u p rig h t w h a t h a s b een u p se t . . . th u s is dham m a e x p la in e d in m a n y a figu re b y th e L o r d . S o I , L o rd , [192 ] a m g o in g to th e L o rd fo r re fu g e a n d to dham m a a n d to th e O rd er o f m o n k s. M a y th e L o r d a c c e p t m e as a la y -fo llo w e r g o in g fo r re fu g e fro m th is d a y fo r th fo r as lo n g a s life la s t s / T h e n th e L o r d sp o k e th u s to t h a t m a n : " D o n o t y o u , frien d , g o b y th a t ro a d . G o b y th is r o a d , a n d he sen t h im off b y a n o th e r ro a d . || 7 |j T h e n th o se tw o m en , th in k in g : W h y is th a t m a n w h o is a lo n e so slo w in c o m in g ? g o in g a lo n g to m eet h im s a w th e L o rd s ittin g a t th e ro o t o f a tre e. S e e in g h im , t h e y a p p ro a c h e d th e L o rd ; h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d , h a v in g g re e te d th e L o rd , th e y sa t d o w n a t a re s p e c tfu l d is ta n c e . T h e L o rd ta lk e d a p ro g ressive ta lk to th ese . . . t o fu ll co n fid e n ce in th e T e a c h e r s in stru c tio n , sp o k e th u s t o th e L o r d : E x c e lle n t, L o r d . . . M a y th e L o r d a c c e p t u s as la y -fo llo w e rs g o in g fo r re fu g e fro m th is d a y fo rth fo r a s lo n g as life la s ts . T h e n th e L o rd sp o k e th u s t o th e se m e n : D o n o t y o u , frien d s, go b y th a t ro a d . G o b y th is r o a d , a n d he se n t th e m off b y a n o th e r ro a d . T h e n th o se fo u r m en , th in k in g : W h y are th ese tw o m en so slo w in c o m in g ? . . . a n d h e sen t th e m off b y a n o th e r ro a d . T h e n th o s e e ig h t m en , th in k in g : " W h y are th e se fo u r m en so s lo w in c o m in g ? . . . a n d he sen t th e m o ff b y a n o th e r ro a d . T h e n th o se s ix te e n m en, th in k in g : " W h y a re th e s e e ig h t m en so slo w in c o m in g ? . .* . M a y th e L o r d re c e iv e u s a s la y fo llo w e r s g o in g fo r refu g e fro m th is d a y fo r th fo r as lo n g a s life la s t s . 2 || 8 | |
1 A s a t V i n . i. 1 2 . * A v e r s io n n o t ic e d b y O ld e n b e r g ( V i n . ii. 3 2 4 ) a d d s t h a t s p o k e t h u s t o t h o s e m e n . . . s e n t th e m , o ff b y a n o t h e r r o a d ." "th e L ord

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T h e n th a t one m a n a p p ro a c h e d D e v a d a t t a 1 ; - h a v in g a p p ro a ch e d , he sp o k e th u s to D e v a d a t t a : H o n o u re d sir, I a m n o t a b le to d e p riv e t h a t L o rd of life , th a t L o r d is o f g re a t p sy c h ic p o w er, o f g r e a t m ig h t/ ' " A ll rig h t, frien d , d o n ot y o u d e p riv e th e re clu se G o ta m a o f life. I m y s e lf w ill d e p riv e th e reclu se G o ta m a of life / ' N o w a t th a t tim e th e L o rd w a s p a c in g u p a n d d o w n in th e sh a d e 2 o f M o u n t V u ltu r e P e a k . T h e n D e v a d a tta , h a v in g clim b ed M o u n t V u ltu r e P e a k , h u rled d o w n a g re a t sto n e , th in k in g : " W ith th is I w ill d e p riv e th e reclu se G o ta m a of life . B u t tw o m o u n ta in p e a k s, h a v in g m e t, cru sh ed th a t stone, a n d (only) a fra g m e n t o f it, h a v in g fa lle n d o w n , d re w b lo o d on th e L o r d 's fo o t .3 T h e n th e L o rd , h a v in g lo o k e d u p w a rd s, sp o k e th u s t o D e v a d a t t a : " Y o u h a v e p ro d u ced g re a t d e m erit, fo o lish m a n , in t h a t y o u , w ith y o u r m in d m a lig n a n t, y o u r m in d on m u rd e r, d re w th e T ru th -fin d e r's b lo o d / ' T h e n th e L o rd a d d re sse d th e m o n k s, s a y in g : T h is, m on ks, is th e first d eed w h o se fru it co m es w ith no d e la y 4 a c c u m u la te d b y D e v a d a t t a sin ce he, w ith h is m in d m a lig n a n t, his m in d on m u rd e r, d re w th e T ru th -fin d e r's b lo o d / J || 9 j| [193] M onks h e a rd : I t is sa id th a t D e v a d a t t a sch em ed to m u rd e r th e L o r d , a n d so th e se m o n k s p a c e d u p a n d d o w n on e v e r y side o f th e L o r d 's d w e llin g -p la c e d o in g th e ir stu d ie s to g e th e r w ith a lo u d noise, w ith a g r e a t noise fo r th e p ro te c tio n , d efen ce a n d w a rd in g o f th e L o rd . T h e L o rd h e a rd th e lo u d noise, th e g re a t noise, th e noise o f s tu d y in g , a n d h e a rin g it, he ad d ressed th e v e n e ra b le A n a n d a , s a y in g : W h a t on e a rth , A n a n d a , is th is lo u d noise, th is g re a t noise, th is noise o f s tu d y in g ? *' " L o rd , th e m o n k s h e a rd th a t D e v a d a t t a sch em ed to m u rd e r th e L o rd , a n d so, L o rd , th e se m o n k s a re p a c in g u p a n d d o w n . . . fo r th e p ro te c tio n , d efen ce a n d w a rd in g o f th e L o rd . T h is, L o rd , is th e lo u d n o ise, th e g r e a t n o ise / th e noise of s tu d y in g ."
1 F r o m h e r e , c f. J a . v . 3 3 3 S . * C f . V i n . i. 18 0 . * A n e c h o o f w id e s p r e a d f o l k - t r a d it io n , w h e r e t h e H e r o , o n h i s q u e s t , p a s s e s w it h a ll s p e e d t h r o u g h c l a s h in g r o c k s , s o m e t im e s s u s t a in in g a n i n j u r y . 4 d n a n ia r ik a k a m m a . C f . V is m . 17 7*

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" W e ll n o w , A n a n d a , a d d re ss th e se m o n k s in m y n a m e, s a y in g : T h e T e a c h e r is su m m o n in g th e v e n e ra b le o n e s / " " V e r y w e ll, L o r d / ' a n d th e v e n e ra b le A n a n d a , h a v in g a n sw ered th e L o rd in a ssen t, a p p ro a c h e d th o se m o n k s ; h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d , h e sp o k e th u s to th o s e m o n k s : T h e T e a c h e r is su m m o n in g th e v e n e ra b le o n e s . V e r y w e ll, y o u r re v e re n c e , a n d th e s e m o n k s, h a v in g a n sw ered th e v e n e ra b le A n a n d a in a ssen t, a p p ro a c h e d th e L o rd ; h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d , h a v in g g re e te d th e L o rd , t h e y sa t d o w n a t a re sp e c tfu l d is ta n c e . T h e L o rd sp o k e th u s to th e se m o n k s as t h e y w ere s ittin g d o w n a t a r e s p e c tfu l d is ta n c e : " T h is is im p o ssib le, m o n k s, it c a n n o t co m e to p a ss th a t a n y o n e c o u ld d e p riv e a T r u th -fin d e r o f life b y a g g re ssio n ; m o n ks, T ru th -fin d e rs a tta in n ib b a n a n o t b e c a u s e o f a n a t t a c k .1 M onks, th e re a re th ese fiv e te a c h e rs fo u n d in th e w o rld . W h a t fiv e ? . . .z a n d I d o n o t e x p e c t p ro te c tio n fro m d iscip les in resp ect o f k n o w le d g e a n d v isio n . T h is is im p o ssib le, m o n k s, it c a n n o t co m e to p ass th a t a n y o n e c o u ld d e p riv e a T r u th fin d er o f life b y a g g re ssio n ; m o n k s, T ru th -fin d e rs a tta in n ib b a n a n o t b e ca u se o f an a t t a c k . G o , m o n k s, to y o u r ow n d w e llin g -p la ce s3 ; T ru th -fin d e rs, m o n k s, d o n o t n eed to be p r o te c te d / ' (| 10 || N o w a t t h a t tim e th e re w a s a fierce e le p h a n t in R a ja g a h a , a m a n -sla y er, c a lle d N a la g iri. T h e n D e v a d a t t a , h a v in g e n te re d R a ja g a h a , h a v in g g o n e to th e e le p h a n t s ta b le , sp o k e th u s to th e m a h o u ts : W e , m y g o o d fe llo w s , a re re la tio n s o f th e k in g . W e are c o m p e te n t to p u t in a h ig h p o sitio n one o c c u p y in g a lo w ly p o sitio n a n d to b rin g a b o u t an in c re a se in fo o d a n d w ag es. W e ll n o w , g o o d fe llo w s, w h e n th e re clu se G o ta m a is co m in g a lo n g th is c a rria g e r o a d ,4 th e n , h a v in g le t loose th is ele p h a n t, N a la g iri, b rin g h im d o w n th is c a rria g e road/' " V e r y w ell, h o n o u re d s ir / ' th e se m a h o u ts a n sw e re d D e v a d a tta in assen t. T h e n th e L o rd , h a v in g d ressed in th e m o rn in g , ta k in g h is
* a n u p a k k a m a , " n o t b y a t t a c k (fr o m e x t e r n a l e n e m i e s ) / ' a s a t C . P . D . A s a t C V . V I I . 2. 3, 4 (to e n d ) . R e a d a b o v e " m o n k s " in s t e a d M o g g a ll a n a ." yathavih&ratjt, a s a t V i n . i v . 1 5 . 4 raccha. S e e B .D . iii. 2 6 8 , n . 1 .

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bow l an d ro b e, [194] en te red R a ja g a h a fo r a lm sfo o d to g e th e r w ith se v e ra l m o n k s. T h e n th e L o rd w e n t a lo n g th a t c a r ria g e road. T h e n th o se m a h o u ts sa w th e L o rd c o m in g a lo n g th a t c a r r ia g e - r o a d ; seein g h im , h a v in g le t loose th e e le p h a n t N a la g iri, t h e y b ro u g h t h im d o w n th a t c a rria g e -ro a d . The e le p h a n t N a la g ir i sa w th e L o r d c o m in g fro m a fa r ; seein g h im , h a v in g lifte d u p his tr u n k , he ru sh ed to w a rd s th e L o rd , h is ears a n d ta il e rect. T h o s e m o n k s sa w th e e le p h a n t N a la g ir i co m in g in th e d is ta n c e ; se e in g h im , t h e y sp o k e th u s to th e L o rd : L o rd , th is e le p h a n t N a la g iri, c o m in g a lo n g th is c a rria g e road, is a fierce m a n -sla y e r ; L o rd , le t th e L o rd tu rn b a c k , le t th e w e ll-fa re r tu rn b a c k . f; W a it, m o n ks, d o n o t be a fra id ; th is is im p o ssib le, m o n k s, it ca n n o t co m e to p ass th a t a n y o n e sh o u ld d e p riv e a T ru th finder o f life b y agressio n ; m o n k s, T ru th -fin d e rs a tta in n ib b a n a n o t b e ca u se o f an a t t a c k ." A n d a seco n d tim e . . . A n d a th ird tim e th e se m o n k s sp o k e th u s to th e L o r d : L o rd , this e le p h a n t N a la g ir i, . . . le t th e w e ll-fa re r tu rn b a c k . " W a it, m o n k s, . . . T ru th -fin d e rs a tta in n ib b a n a not becau se o f an a t t a c k . || 11 || N o w a t th a t tim e p e o p le , h a v in g m o u n te d u p on t o th e lo n g houses a n d th e c u r v e d h o u ses a n d th e ro o fs, w a ite d there* T h o se people w h o w ere o f little fa ith , n o t b e lie v in g , w h o w ere o f p o o r in te llig e n c e ,1 th ese sp o k e th u s : T h is g r e a t re clu se is in d eed lo v e ly ; h e w ill b e h u rt b y th e b u ll e le p h a n t . 2 B u t th ose people w h o h a d fa ith a n d w ere b e lie v in g , w h o w ere w ise a n d in te llig e n t, th e se sp o k e th u s : S o o n , g o o d sirs, th e b u llelep h a n t w ill co m e in to c o n flic t w ith th e e le p h a n t (a m o n g m en ). T h e n th e L o rd su ffu se d th e e le p h a n t N a la g ir i w ith lo v in g kindness of m in d . T h e n th e e le p h a n t N a la g ir i, su ffu sed b y th e L o rd w ith lo v in g -k in d n e s s o f m in d , h a v in g p u t d o w n h is tru n k , a p p ro a c h e d th e Loi*d ; h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d , h e s to o d in fron t o f th e L o rd . T h e n th e L o rd , s tr o k in g th e e le p h a n t N a la g iri's fo re h e a d w ith his rig h t h a n d , a d d re sse d th e e le p h a n t N a la g iri w ith ve rse s :
1 As at * ndga.

cv . vxi. 8. 3.

C f . t h e m a t t e d h a i r a s c e tic s * s p e e c h a t M V . I . 15* 4.

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" D o n o t e le p h a n t ,1 s tr ik e th e e le p h a n t (a m o n g m en), fo r p a in fu l, e le p h a n t, is th e s tr ik in g o f th e e le p h a n t (am on g m en), F o r th e re is no g o o d b o u rn , e le p h a n t ,1 fo r a s la y e r o f th e e le p h a n t (am o n g m en) w h e n h e is h en ce b e y o n d . B e n o t p ro u d ,2 b e n o t w a n to n ,2 fo r th e w a n to n re a c h n o t a g o o d b o u rn ; O n ly th a t sh o u ld y o u do b y w h ic h y o u w ill g o to a g o o d b o u rn . T h e n th e e le p h a n t N a la g ir i, h a v in g ta k e n th e d u s t o f th e L o r d 's fe e t w ith h is tru n k , h a v in g s c a tte r e d it o v e r h is h e a d , m o v e d b a c k b o w in g w h ile h e g a z e d u p o n th e L o rd . T h e n th e e le p h a n t N a la g iri, h a v in g re tu rn e d to th e e le p h a n t sta b le , sto o d in his o w n p la c e ; a n d it w a s in th is w a y [19 5 ] t h a t th e e le p h a n t N a la g iri b e c a m e ta m e d . N o w a t t h a t tim e p e o p le sa n g th is v e rse : " S o m e are ta m e d b y s tic k , b y g o a d s a n d w h ip s. T h e e le p h a n t w a s ta m e d b y th e g re a t seer w ith o u t a stic k , w ith o u t a w e a p o n . 3 || 12 || P e o p le lo o k e d d o w n u p o n , c ritic is e d , sp re a d it a b o u t, s a y in g : " H o w e v il is th is D e v a d a t t a , h o w in a u sp ic io u s ,4 in th a t he trie d to m u rd e r th e re clu se G o ta m a w h o is o f su c h g re a t p s y c h ic p o w er, o f su ch g r e a t m ig h t, a n d D e v a d a t t a 's g a in s a n d h o n o u rs d e clin e d ; th e L o r d 's g a in s a n d h o n o u rs in crea se d . N o w a t t h a t tim e D e v a d a t t a , g a in s a n d h o n o u rs lo s t , 5 a te w ith his frien d s, h a v in g a s k e d a n d a s k e d a m o n g h o u seh o ld s. P e o p le lo o k e d d o w n u p o n , c ritic is e d , sp re a d it a b o u t, s a y in g : " H o w c a n th e s e re clu se s, so n s o f th e S a k y a n s e a t, h a v in g a sk e d a n d a sk e d a m o n g h o u seh o ld s ? W h o is n o t fo n d o f w e ll-co o k e d th in g s ? W h o d o es n o t lik e sw e e t th in g s ?
k u n ja r a . V e r s e s a ls o a t J d . v . 3 3 6 . m a d a . . . p a m a d a , a ls o a t S n . 2 1 8 . C f . M . ii. 10 5 , T h a g . 8 7 8 . a la k k h ih a . V A . 1 2 7 5 - 6 s a y s " h e r e i t m e a n s h e d o e s n o t d is c r im in a t e , h e d o e s n o t k n o w . H e d o e s n o t k n o w ' I a m d o in g a n e v i l d e e d V C f. v e r s io n o f V A . g iv e n a t V i n . T e x t s iii. 2 5 0 , n . 1 . I n in t e r p r e t i n g t h e w o r d Jike t h e c o r r e s p o n d in g S k r t . a la k a tn lk a , a s d o e s V i n . T e x t s iii, I p r e fe r " in a u s p ic io u s , u n lu c k y ,* ' t o t h e i r " w r e t c h e d / * w i t h t h e s e n s e o f i t s b e in g u n lu c k y f o r d o n o r s t o g i v e a lm s t o D & v a d a t t a . * D o w n t o '* I t i s t r u e , L o r d ** = P a c . 32 w h e r e t h i s e p is o d e is u s e d t o le a d u p t o t h e f r a m in g o f a r u le a g a i n s t a g r o u p - m e a l, s e e B . D . ii. 3 0 6 f. f o r n o te s . 1 2 * 4

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M onks h e a rd th e se p e o p le w h o . . . sp rea d it a b o u t. T h o se w h o w ere m o d est m o n k s . . . sp re a d it a b o u t, s a y in g : H o w can D e v a d a tta e a t w ith h is frien d s, h a v in g a sk e d a n d a sk e d am ong h o u seh o ld s ? " T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . He s a id : Is it tru e , as is sa id , th a t y o u , D e v a d a tta , a te w ith y o u r friends, h a v in g a s k e d a n d a s k e d a m o n g h o u seh o ld s ? " I t is tru e , L o r d / ' H a v in g re b u k e d h im , h a v in g g iv e n reasoned ta lk , h e a d d ressed th e m o n k s, s a y in g : W e ll n o w , m o n k s, I w ill la y d o w n fo r m o n k s th e e a tin g b y a tr ia d (of m o n k s )1 a m o n g h o u seh o ld s fo u n d e d on th re e reasons :2 fo r th e re stra in t o f e v il-m in d e d 3 in d iv id u a ls ; fo r the liv in g in c o m fo r t 4 o f w e ll b e h a v e d m o n k s 5 le st th o se o f evil desires sh o u ld sp lit th e O rd e r b y m ean s o f a f a c t io n ;6 o u t o f co m p a ssio n fo r fa m ilie s .7 I n e a tin g a g ro u p m eal, one sh o u ld b e d e a lt w ith a c c o rd in g to th e r u le ." 8 |[ 13 || T h e n D e v a d a t t a a p p ro a c h e d K o k a lik a ,9 K a ta m o r a k a tis s a k a ,
1 tik a b h o ja n a , a m e a l t o b e e a t e n b y t h r e e p e o p le , s o V A . 1 2 7 6 . S e e a ls o S A . ii. 1 7 8 . J u s t a s g a n a b h o ja n a is a g r o u p - m e a l, s o tik a b h o ja n a is a t h r e e - p a r t y m e a l. I t is a p p a r e n t l y m e a n t t h a t a " g r o u p " is la r g e r t h a n th r e e m o n k s , s in c e a t t h e e n d o f || 1 3 |[ i t is s p e c i a l l y s a id t h a t o n e w h o e a t s a g r o u p - m e a l m u s t b e t r e a t e d a c c o r d in g t o t h e r u le . O n g a n a b h o ja n a see B . D . ii. 3 0 7 , n . 1 . a T h e s u b j e c t o f a q u e s t io n p u t b y K a s s a p a 't o A n a n d a a t S . ii. 2 1 8 . * S A . ii. 1 7 8 , A A . ii. 1 6 3 e x p l a i n d u m m a n k iin a m b y d u s s l la , b a d m o r a l h a b it . 4 p h a s u v ih a r a , c f. V i n . i. 9 2 , e t c . * T h i s a n d t h e f ir s t r e a s o n a r e a m o n g t h e t e n r e a s o n s s o m e t im e s a s c r ib e d to t h e L o r d f o r l a v i n g d o w n a r u le o f t r a in in g , a s a t V i n . iii. 2 1 a n d o t h e r V in . p a s s a g e s . C f . a ls o A . i . 99. * S A . ii. 1 7 8 e x p l a i n s t h a t a s D e v a d a t t a a n d h is f r ie n d s s p li t t h e O r d e r b y m e a n s o f t h e i r e v i l d e s ir e s , s o t o o o t h e r s o f e v i l d e s ir e s , o n a c c o u n t o f th e ir b o n d a s a g r o u p , h a v i n g b e g g e d a m o n g f a m ilie s , w e r e e a t in g h a v in g m a d e t h e g r o u p in c r e a s e ; s o i t w a s s a id L e s t t h e y s p li t t h e O r d e r b y m e a n s o f th a t fa c tio n / ' 7 A . i. 10 0 h a s g ih ln a tn a n u k a m p d y a p a p icch a n a trt p a k k h u p a c c h e d a y a , t r a n s la t e d a t G .S . i . 84 '* o u t o f c o m p a s s io n f o r h o u s e h o ld e r s a n d t o u p r o o t t h e f a c t io n s o f t h e e v i l l y d i s p o s e d ." I f " t h e id e a is h e r e , o f c o u r s e , le s t a n y p a r t ic u la r l a y m a n s h o u ld b e b u r d e n e d b y p r o v id i n g f o r m a n y b h ik k h u s ** as s t a t e d a t V i n . T e x ts i ii. 2 5 1 , ii. 3 , i t is t h e e x a c t o p p o s i t e o f t h e o p in io n g iv e n a t S A . ii. 1 7 8 f o r a llo w in g t h r e e m o n k s t o e a t t o g e t h e r a m o n g f a m ilie s . F o r t h is is t h a t " h a v i n g c a r r ie d o u t t h e O b s e r v a n c e a n d t h e I n v i t a t i o n in t h e O r d e r o f m o n k s , a n d ( t h e m o n k s ) b e in g a l l t o g e t h e r , p e o p le h a v i n g g iv e n (th e m ) m e ? ls b y t i c k e t a n d s o o n b e c o m e b o u n d f o r h e a v e n .* * So th e c o m p a s s io n f o r f a m ilie s is in a llo w in g t h e m s c o p e t o g i v e a n d t h e r e b y t o a c q u ir e m e r it . A A . i i . 1 6 4 le s s c o g e n t l y s a y s : A r u le o f t r a i n i n g la id d o w n w h e n h o u s e h o ld e r s c o m p la in is c a lle d la id d o w n o u t o f c o m p a s s io n f o r h o u s e h o ld e r s ." * I .e . t o t h e r u le la id d o w n in P a c . 3 2 . * A lm o s t w o r d f o r w o r d t h e s a m e a s F o r . M e e t in g X . 1. 1 , 2 a n d p a r t o f 3. S e e B . D . i. 2 9 6 -2 9 9 f o r f o o t n o t e s .

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th e son o f th e la d y K h a n d a , a n d S a m u d d a d a tta ; h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d , he sp o k e th u s to K o k a lik a , K a ta m o r a k a tis s a k a , th e son o f th e la d y K h a n d a , a n d S a m u d d a d a tta : " C o m e, w e, y o u r re ve ren ce s, w ill m a k e a sch ism in th e reclu se G o ta m a 's O rd er, a b r e a k in g o f th e c o n c o r d / W h e n h e h a d sp o k e n th u s , K o k a lik a sp o k e th u s to D e v a d a t t a : B u t , y o u r re v e ren ce , th e reclu se G o ta m a is o f g re a t p s y c h ic p o w er, o f g re a t m ig h t. H ow can w e m ake a sch ism in th e reclu se G o ta m a 's O rd er, a b r e a k in g o f th e c o n co rd ? C o m e, w e, y o u r re v e re n c e , h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d th e re clu se G o ta m a , w ill a sk fo r fiv e ite m s , s a y in g : * L o rd , th e L o rd in m a n y a figu re sp e a k s in p ra ise o f d e sirin g little , o f b e in g c o n te n te d , [196] o f e x p u n g in g (e v il), o f b e in g p u n c tilio u s, o f w h a t is g ra cio u s, o f d e cre a se (in th e o b stru c tio n s), o f p u ttin g fo rth e n e rg y . L o rd , th e se fiv e ite m s a re in m a n y a w a y c o n d u c iv e to d e sirin g little , to c o n te n tm e n t, to e x p u n g in g (evil), to b e in g p u n c tilio u s, to w h a t is g ra cio u s, to d ecrea se (in th e o b stru c tio n s), to p u ttin g fo r th e n e rg y . I t w e re g o o d , L o rd , if th e m o n k s, fo r a s lo n g a s life la s te d , m ig h t b e fo restd w ellers ; w h o e v e r sh o u ld b e ta k e h im s e lf to th e n e ig h b o u rh o o d o f a v illa g e , sin w o u ld b e sm irc h h im . F o r a s lo n g as life la sts , le t th e m b e b e g g a rs fo r a lm s ; w h o e v e r sh o u ld a c c e p t an in v ita tio n , sin w o u ld b e sm irc h h im . F o r as lo n g as life la sts , le t th e m b e ra g -ro b e w e a re rs ; w h o e v e r sh o u ld a c c e p t a ro b e g iv e n b y a h o u seh o ld er, sin w o u ld b e sm irc h h im . F o r as lo n g a s life la sts, le t th e m liv e a t th e ro o t o f a tre e ; w h o e v e r sh o u ld g o u n d er c o v e r, sin w o u ld b e sm irc h h im . F o r a s lo n g a s life la sts , le t th e m n o t e a t fish a n d flesh ; w h o e v e r sh o u ld e a t fish a n d flesh, sin w o u ld b e sm irc h h im / T h e re clu se G o ta m a w ill n o t a llo w th e se. T h e n w e w ill w in o v e r th e p e o p le b}^ m ean s o f th ese fiv e ite m s . I t is p o ssib le, y o u r re v e re n c e , w ith th e s e fiv e ite m s, to m a k e a sch ism in th e re clu se G o ta m a 's O rd er, a b r e a k in g o f th e co n co rd . F o r , y o u r re v e re n c e , p e o p le e ste e m a u s t e r it y .

II14 1 1
T h e n D e v a d a t t a to g e th e r w ith h is 4frie n d s a p p ro a c h e d th e L o r d ; h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d , h a v in g g re e te d th e L o rd , h e sa t d o w n a t a re sp e c tfu l d is ta n c e . A s h e w a s s ittin g d o w n a t a re sp e c tfu l d ista n ce, D e v a d a t t a sp o k e th u s to th e L o r d :

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" L o rd , th e L o r d in m a n y a figu re sp e a k s in p raise o f d e sirin g little . . . w h o e v e r sh o u ld e a t fish a n d flesh , sin w o u ld b e sm irc h him.** E n o u g h , D e v a d a t t a , he said . W h o e v e r w ish es, le t h im be a fo r e s t- d w e lle r ; w h o e v e r w ish es, le t h im s t a y in th e n e ig h b o u rh o o d o f a v illa g e ; w h o e v e r w ish e s, le t h im b e a b e g g a r fo r a lm s ; w h o e v e r w ish es, le t h im a c c e p t a n in v ita tio n ; w h o ev er w ish es, le t h im be a ra g -ro b e w e a re r ; w h o e v e r w ish es, let h im a c ce p t a h o u seh o ld er's ro b es. F o r e ig h t m o n th s, D e v a d a tta , lo d g in g a t th e ro o t o f a tre e is p e rm itte d b y m e. F is h a n d flesh a re p u re in re sp e c t o f th re e p o in ts : if t h e y are not seen, h e a rd o r su s p e c te d (to h a v e b e en k ille d on p u rp o se fo r h im )/ '1 T h e n D e v a d a t t a , th in k in g : " T h e L o r d d o es n o t p e rm it th ese fiv e ite m s ," jo y fu l, e la te d , risin g fro m h is se a t w ith his friends, h a v in g g re e te d th e L o rd , d e p a rte d k e e p in g h is rig h t side to w a rd s h im . T h e n D e v a d a t t a , h a v in g e n te re d R a ja g a h a w ith h is frien d s, ta u g h t th e p eo p le b y m ea n s o f th e fiv e item s, sa y in g : W e , frien d s, h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d th e reclu se G o ta m a , a sk ed fo r fiv e item s, s a y in g : L o r d , th e L o r d in m a n y a figu re sp eaks in p ra ise o f d e sirin g little . , . w h o e v e r sh o u ld e a t fish an d flesh, sin w o u ld b e sm irch h im .' T h e re clu se G o ta m a does not a llo w th e se fiv e item s, b u t w e liv e u n d e r ta k in g th e se fiv e ite m s ." || 15 || T h o se p eo p le w h o w e re th e re o f lit t le fa ith , n o t b e lie v in g , w h o w ere o f p o o r in te llig e n c e , th e se sp o k e t h u s : T h e se reclu ses, sons o f th e S a k y a n s a re p u n c tilio u s, a re e x p u n g e rs (of e v il), b u t th e reclu se G o ta m a is fo r a b u n d a n c e a n d s tr iv e s a fte r a b u n d a n c e . B u t th o se p e o p le [19 7] w h o h a d fa ith a n d w ere b eliev in g , w h o w ere w ise a n d in te llig e n t, th e s e lo o k e d d o w n upon, c ritic ise d , sp re a d it a b o u t, s a y i n g : H o w ca n th is D e v a d a tta g o fo rw a rd w ith a sch ism in th e L o r d 's O rd e r, w ith a b re a k in g o f th e c o n c o rd ? " M onks h e a r d th e s e p e o p le w h o , . . sp rea d i t a b o u t. T h o s e w h o w ere m o d e st m o n k s . . . spread it a b o u t, s a y in g : " H o w c a n th is D e v a d a t t a g o fo r w a r d w ith a sch ism in th e O rder, a b re a k in g o f th e c o n c o rd ? " T h e n th e se m o n k s to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e s a id ;
1 C f . V in . i. 2 3 8 ( B . D . i v . 3 2 5 ).

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" Is it tru e , as is sa id , t h a t y o u , D e v a d a t t a , w e n t fo rw a rd w ith a sch ism in th e O rd er, a b r e a k in g of th e c o n c o rd ? " I t is tru e . L o r d . " E n o u g h , D e v a d a tta , d o n o t le t th e re be a sch ism in th e O rd er, fo r a sch ism in th e O rd e r is a se rio u s m a tte r ,1 D e v a d a tta . W h o e v e r, D e v a d a t ta , s p lits a n O rd e r th a t is u n ite d , he se ts u p d e m erit th a t e n d u res fo r a n a eo n ;a h e is b o ile d in h e ll fo r a n a eo n ; b u t w h o e v e r, D e v a d a t t a , u n ite s a n O r d e r 't h a t is sp lit, h e se ts u p su b lim e 3 m e rit, h e re jo ic e s in h e a v e n fo r an aeon . E n o u g h , D e v a d a tta , d o n o t le t th e re b e a sc h ism in th e O rd er, fo r a sch ism in th e O rd e r is a se rio u s m a tte r , D e v a d a t t a .

1 1 1 6 1 1

T h e n th e v e n e ra b le A n a n d a ,4 h a v in g d resse d in th e m o rn in g , ta k in g h is b o w l a n d ro b e, e n te re d R a ja g a h a fo r a lm sfo o d . D e v a d a tta s a w th e v e n e ra b le A n a n d a w a lk in g in R a ja g a h a fo r a lm sfo o d ; se e in g h im , h e a p p ro a c h e d th e v e n e r a b le A n a n d a ; h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d , h e sp o k e th u s to th e v e n e ra b le A n a n d a : N o w fro m th is d a y fo r th w ill I , re v e re n d A n a n d a , c a r r y o u t O b se rv a n c e b o th in c o n tr a d is tin c tio n t o 5 th e L o r d a n d in c o n tra d istin c tio n to th e O rd e r o f m o n k s a n d w ill (so) c a r r y out (form al) a c ts o f th e O rd e r . 6 T h e n th e v e n e ra b le A n a n d a , h a v in g w a lk e d in R a ja g a h a fo r a lm sfo o d , on re tu rn in g fro m th e a lm sro u n d , a fte r h is m e a l, a p p ro a c h e d th e L o r d ; h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d , h a v in g g re e te d th e L o rd , h e s a t d o w n a t a re sp e c tfu l d ista n c e . A s h e w a s s ittin g d o w n a t a re sp e c tfu l d ista n ce, th e v e n e ra b le A n a n d a s p o k e th u s to th e L o r d : " J u s t n o w , L o rd , I , h a v in g d re sse d in th e m o rn in g , ta k in g m y b o w l a n d ro b e, e n te re d R a ja g a h a fo r a lm sfo o d . D e v a d a tta , L o rd , sa w m e w a lk in g in R a ja g a h a fo r a lm s fo o d ; se e in g m e, h e ca m e u p ; h a v in g co m e u p , he sp o k e th u s to m e : N o w fro m th is d a y fo rth w ill I , . , (so) c a r r y o u t (form al) a c ts of th e O rd e r . 6 T o -d a y , L o rd , D e v a d a t t a w ill s p lit th e O rd e r . 7
1 Q u o t e d a t V i n . i. 1 5 0 . * k a p p a tth ik a . B u t V A . 1 2 7 6 s a y s t h a t k a p p a is d y u k a p p a , f o r t h e d u r a t io n o f l i f e . 3 bra h m a = s e iih a , V A . 1 2 7 6 . 4 T h is e p is o d e a ls o a p p e a r s a t U d . V . 8 a n d D h A . iii* 1 5 4 . * a ftn a tr eva. * sanghakam m am . U d . V . 8 r e a d s -k a m m a n i. a d d in g a n d w ill c a r r y o u t O b s e r v a n c e a n d ( f o r m a l) a c t s o f t h e

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T h e n th e L o rd , h a v in g u n d e rsto o d th is m a tte r , a t th a t tim e u tte re d th is u tte ra n c e : E a s y is g o o d fo r th e g o o d , g o o d fo r th e e v il is h a rd . E v il fo r th e e v il is e a s y , e v il fo r th e n o b le ones is h a r d .''1

II17 II 3 II
T o ld is th e S e c o n d P o r tio n fo r R e p e a tin g . [198]

T h e n D e v a d a t t a on th a t O b se rv a n c e d a y risin g fro m h is se a t g a v e o u t v o tin g tic k e t s ,2 s a y in g : W e , y o u r re ve ren ce s, h a v in g a p p ro a ch e d th e re clu se G o ta m a , a sk e d fo r fiv e ite m s .3 . . . T h e recluse G o ta m a d o es n o t a llo w th e se, b u t w e liv e u n d e r ta k in g th e se fiv e item s. I f th e se fiv e ite m s a re p le a sin g to th e v e n era b le ones, le t e a c h one ta k e a v o tin g t ic k e t . N o w a t t h a t tim e as m a n y as fiv e h u n d re d m o n k s, V a jjis of V esali, w e re n e w ly o rd a in e d a n d w ere n o t p ro p e rly v e rse d ;4 an d these, th in k in g : " T h is is th e ru le, th is is d iscip lin e, th is is th e T e a c h e r 's in s tr u c tio n / ' to o k v o tin g tic k e ts . T h e n D e v a d a tta , h a v in g sp lit th e O rd er, se t o u t fo r G a y a H e a d ta k in g as m a n y as th e fiv e h u n d re d m o n k s. T h e n S a r ip u tta an d M o g g a lla n a 5 a p p ro a c h e d th e L o r d ; h a v in g a p p ro a ch e d , h a v in g g r e e te d th e L o rd , t h e y s a t d o w n a t a re sp e c tfu l d ista n c e . A s he w a s s ittin g d o w n a t a re s p e c tfu l d is ta n c e , th e v e n e ra b le S a rip u tta sp o k e th u s to th e L o r d : " D e v a d a t t a , L o rd , h a v in g sp lit th e O rd er, is s e ttin g o u t fo r G a y a H e a d w ith a s m a n y as fiv e h u n d re d m on ks/* C a n th e re n o t be fo r y o u , S a r ip u t t a a n d M o g g a lla n a ,6 com passion fo r th e se n e w ly o rd a in e d m o n k s ? G o y o u alo n g , S a rip u tta an d M o g g a lla n a , b e fo re th e s e m o n k s fa ll in to tro u b le an d d is tre s s ." " V e r y w ell, L o r d , a n d S a r ip u tta a n d M o g g a lla n a h a v in g an sw ered th e L o rd in a ssen t, risin g fro m th e ir se a ts, h a v in g g reeted th e L o r d , k e e p in g th e ir r ig h t sid e s to w a rd s h im ,
1 C f . D h p . 1 6 3 , a s c r ib e d b y D J iA . iii. 1 5 4 t o t h i s o c c a s io n . * salaka. M e th o d o f a p p o in t i n g d i s t r ib u t o r o f v o t i n g t i c k e t s la id d o w n a t C V . I V . 9, 10. O n p r o c e s s t o b e f o llo w e d w h e n v o t i n g b y t i c k e t s e e C V . I V . 14. 2 6 . T h i s in c i d e n t is b r i e f ly r e c o u n t e d a t D h A . i. 1 4 2 3. 8 A s a t C V . V I I . 3. 14 . 1 5 . 4 apakataHnuno, o r , d id n o t k n o w w h a t h a d b e e n a p p o i n t e d ; c f. V in . i v .
1 1 2 , 143* 0 S5.riputtamoggaIlS.n5..

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a p p ro a c h e d G a y a H e a d . N o w a t t h a t tim e a c e rta in m o n k w a s sta n d in g w e e p in g n o t fa r fro m th e L o rd . T h e n th e L o rd sp o k e th u s to t h a t m o n k : " W h y are y o u , m o n k , w e e p in g ? E v e n th o se, L o r d , w h o are th e L o r d 's c h ie f d isc ip le s S a r ip u tta a n d M o g g a lla n a e v e n th e se a re g o in g to D e v a d a t t a a p p r o v in g o f D e v a d a t t a 's dham m a / ' " T h is is n o t p o ssib le, m o n k , it c a n n o t co m e t o p a ss th a t S a r ip u tta a n d M o g g a lla n a sh o u ld a p p r o v e D e v a d a t t a 's dham m a. T h e y h a v e m e r e ly g o n e so a s to c o n v in c e th e m o n k s / ' 1 || x [[ N o w a t t h a t tim e D e v a d a t t a , su rro u n d e d b y th e la rg e c o m p a n y , w a s te a c h in g dham m a s ittin g d o w n . T h e n D e v a d a t t a sa w S a r ip u tta a n d M o g g a lla n a c o m in g in th e d is ta n c e ; se e in g th e m , he a d d re sse d th e m o n k s, s a y in g : Y o u see, m o n k s, h o w w e ll ta u g h t is dham m a b y m e th a t e v e n th e se w h o are th e reclu se G o ta m a 's c h ie f d isc ip le s S a r ip u tta a n d M o g g a lla n a t h a t e v e n th e se are c o m in g to m e a p p r o v in g o f m y dh am m a.'* W h e n he h a d sp o k e n th u s K o k a lik a sp o k e th u s to D e v a d a t t a : " R e v e r e n d D e v a d a t t a , do n o t p u t y o u r tr u s t in S a r ip u tta a n d M o g g a lla n a , [199] S a r ip u tta a n d M o g g a lla n a h a v e e v il d esires a n d are u n d e r th e in flu e n ce o f e v il d e sire s . 2 " E n o u g h , y o u r re v e re n c e , le t u s g iv e a w e lc o m e to th e se sin ce t h e y a p p r o v e o f m y dham m a . T h e D e v a d a t t a in v ite d th e v e n e ra b le S a r ip u tta to h a lf his se a t, s a y in g : " C o m e, re v e re n d S a r ip u tta , sit h e r o . " N o , y o u r re v e re n c e , a n d th e v e n e ra b le S a r ip u tta , h a v in g ta k e n a n o th e r se a t, s a t d o w n a t a r e s p e c tfu l d is ta n c e ; a n d th e v e n e ra b le M o g g a lla n a to o , h a v in g ta k e n a n o th e r s e a t, sa t d o w n a t a re s p e c tfu l d is ta n c e . T h e n D e v a d a t t a , h a v in g g la d d e n e d , re jo ic e d , ro u se d , d e lig h te d th e m o n k s fa r in to th e n ig h t w ith t a lk on dham m a , a s k e d 3 th e v e n e ra b le S a r ip u tta , s a y in g : c < T h e O rd e r o f m o n k s, r e v e re n d S a r ip u tta , is w ith o u t slo th o r d ro w sin ess ; m a y a t a lk on dham m a o c c u r t o 4 y o u , re v e re n d S a r ip u tta , fo r th e m o n k s. M y b a c k a c h e s a n d I w ill s tr e tc h i t . 5 ___________________________________________________
1 b h ik k h u s a n n a itiy d . C f . s a m e e x p r e s s io n a t C V . X I I . 2 . 8. C f . g ih is a n fta tt a t S . i. 1 9 9 , t r a n s l a t e d a t K . S . i. 2 5 4 i m p a r t i n g m a t t e r s t o t h e l a i t y a n d e x p l a n a t io n a t S A . i. 2 9 2 , K . S . i. 2 5 4 , n . 1 . A l s o c f. A . i . 7 5 . 1 Q u o t e d a t D h A . i. 1 4 3 . * a j jh e s i , a s a t M V . V * 13. 9. 4 p a tib h & tu , a s a t M V . V . 18. 9 a n d s e e n o t e a t B . D . i v . 2 6 4 , n . 1 . * C f . M+ i* 3 5 4 , w h e r e t h e s e s a m e w o r d s a r e a s c r ib e d t o G o t a m a .

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V e r y w e ll, y o u r r e v e r e n c e / ' th e v e n e ra b le S a r ip u tta a n sw e re d D e v a d a t t a in a ssen t. T h e n D e v a d a t t a , h a v in g la id d o w n his o u te r c lo a k fo ld e d n v f o u r , l a y d o w n to sleep on his rig h t sid e ,1 a n d as he w a s tire d , fo r g e tfu l a n d in a tte n tiv e , he fe ll asleep t h a t v e r y m o m e n t, |( 2 || T h e n th e v e n e ra b le S a r ip u tta e x h o rte d , in stru c te d th e m o n k s w ith dh am m a-talk b y m ea n s o f a n in s tru c tio n on th e w o n d ers o f th o u g h t-re a d in g ; th e v e n e ra b le M o g g a lla n a e x h o rte d , in stru c te d th e m o n k s w ith d ham m a-talk b y m ea n s o f an in s tru c tio n on th e w o n d e rs o f p s y c h ic p o w er. T h e n as th e m o n k s w e re b e in g e x h o rte d , in s tru c te d b y th e v e n e ra b le S a r ip u tta w ith dham m a-talk b y m ea n s o f a n in stru c tio n on th e w o n d ers o f th o u g h t-re a d in g ; w ere b e in g e x h o rte d , in stru c te d b y th e v e n e ra b le M o g g a lla n a w ith d ham m a-talk b y m ea n s o f a n in stru c tio n o n th e w o n d ers o f p s y c h ic p o w er, dham m a v isio n , d u stless, sta in le ss, a ro se to th e m , t h a t w h a te v e r is o f th e n a tu re to u p rise a ll th a t is o f th e n a tu re to s t o p / ' T h e n th e v e n e ra b le S a r ip u tta a d d re sse d th e m o n k s, s a y in g : " W e are g o in g , y o u r re v e ren ce s, to th e L o rd . W h o e v e r a p p ro v e s o f th is L o rd 's dham m a, le t h im co m e a lo n g ." T h e n S a r ip u tta a n d M o g g a lla n a , ta k in g th o se fiv e h u n d re d m o n k s, a p p ro a c h e d th e B a m b o o G ro v e . T h e n K o k a lik a w a k e n e d D e v a d a tta , s a y in g : " W a k e u p ,3 re v e re n d D e v a d a tta , th o se m o n k s h a v e b een le d a w a y b y S a r ip u tta a n d M o g g a lla n a . N o w , d id I n o t s a y to y o u , re v e re n d D e v a d a t t a , * R e v e r e n d D e v a d a tta , do n o t p u t y o u r tr u s t in S a r ip u tta a n d M o g g a lla n a , S a r ip u tta a n d M o g g a lla n a h a v e e v il d esires a n d a re u n d e r th e in flu en ce o f e v il d esires ' ? " T h e n a t th a t v e r y p la c e h o t b lo o d issu ed fro m D e v a d a t t a 's m o u th .4 || 3 || T h e n S a r ip u tta a n d M o g g a lla n a a p p ro a c h e d th e L o r d ; h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d , h a v in g g re e te d th e L o rd , t h e y sa t d o w n a t a re sp e c tfu l d is ta n c e . A s t h e y w e re s ittin g d o w n a t a re sp e c tfu l d ista n c e , th e v e n e ra b le [200] S a r ip u tta sp o k e th u s to th e L o r d : '' I t w ere w e ll, L o rd , i f th e m o n k s w h o w ere p a rtisa n s o f th e s c h is m a tic s c o u ld b e o rd a in e d a g a in ." 1 Cf. M.
9 and a 4 i. 3 5 4 . B u t h e r e G o t a m a lie s d o w n m i n d f u l a n d c ir c u m s p e c t . A m o n g t h e t h r e e " w o n d e r s ** m e n t io n e d a t A . i. 17 0 1 , D . i. 2 1 2 - 4 e x p la i n e d a t b o t h p a s s a g e s . Cf. A . v . 3 2 7 . Q u o t e d a t D h A . i. 14 3 . T h e s a m e is r e c o r d e d o f S a f lj a y a a t M V . I . 24. 3.

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B e c a re fu l, S a r ip u tta , a b o u t a n y re o rd in a tio n o f m o n k s w h o w e re p a rtis a n s o f th e sc h is m a tic s . B u t d o y o u , S a r ip u tta , m a k e th e m o n k s w h o w e re p a rtis a n s o f th e s c h is m a tic s co n fe ss a g r a v e offen ce. B u t w h a t lin e o f c o n d u c t, S a r ip u tta , d id D e v a d a tta fo llo w in re g a rd to y o u ? E v e n , L o rd , a s th e L o r d , h a v in g g la d d e n e d , re jo ic e d , rou sed , d e lig h te d m o n k s w ith dhamma-tBXk fa r in to th e n ig h t, he a sk e d m e : ' T h e O rd e r o f m o n k s , S a r ip u tta , is w ith o u t slo th or d ro w sin ess, m a y a t a lk on dham m a o c c u r to y o u , S a r ip u tta , fo r th e m o n k s. M y b a c k a ch e s a n d I w ill s tre tc h it .' J u s t th is, L o rd , w a s th e lin e o f c o n d u c t w h ic h D e v a d a t t a fo llo w e d . 1 | 4 || T h e n th e L o r d a d d re sse d th e m o n k s, s a y in g : F o r m e r ly ,1 m o n ks, th e re w a s a g r e a t p o n d in a s tr e tc h o f fo re st ; b u ll e le p h a n ts liv e d n e a r it a n d th e s e , h a v in g p lu n g e d in to th a t p o n d ,2 h a v in g tu g g e d o u t th e lo tu s fib res a n d s ta lk s w ith th e ir tru n k s , h a v in g w a sh e d th e m w e ll, a n d h a v in g c h e w e d th e m free o f m u d , sw a llo w e d th e m . T h u s th e re c a m e to b e fo r th e m b o th b e a u t y a n d stre n g th , a n d n o t fo r th is reaso n d id t h e y in c u r d e a th or su ffe rin g lik e u n to d e a th . B u t , m o n k s, a m o n g th e se g r e a t b u ll e le p h a n ts w ere y o u n g e le p h a n t c a lv e s a n d th ese, im ita tin g th e m , h a v in g p lu n g e d in to t h a t p o n d , h a v in g tu g g e d o u t th e lo tu s fib res a n d s ta lk s w ith th e ir tru n k s , b u t n o t h a v in g w a sh e d th e m w e ll, h a v in g c h e w e d th e m w ith th e m u d , sw a llo w e d th e m . T h u s th e re c a m e t o b e fo r th e m n e ith e r b e a u ty n o r stre n g th , a n d fo r th is re a so n t h e y in c u rre d d e a th or su ffe rin g lik e u n to d e a th . L ik e w is e , m o n k s, D e v a d a t t a w ill d ie, a w re tc h e d c re a tu re , c o p y in g m e. " W h ile th e g r e a t b e a s t 3 is s h a k in g th e e a rth , g r a z in g on lo tu s s ta lk s , k e e p in g a le r t a m o n g th e w a te rs------C o p y in g m e, th e w re tc h e d c re a tu re w ill d ie, lik e a c a lf h a v in g e a ten m ire, || 5 ]| M onks, a m o n k w h o is p o ssessed o f e ig h t q u a litie s is fit to g o a m e ss a g e .4 W h a t a re th e e ig h t ? H e re in , m o n k s, a
1 A s a t S', ii. 2 6 9 . 2 C f . V i n , i. 2 1 4 5 . * tn a k a v a rd h a , w h ic h a s p o in t e d o u t a t V i n . T e x t s iii. 2 6 1 , m ean a b oar. 4 duteyyam gantum arahati. T h i s p a r a g r a p h r e c u r s a t A . t h e q u a lit ie s o f a m e s s e n g e r , d a ta , a t M a n u , 7 . 63 a n d fT. A l s o w h e r e i t is h e ld b y s o m e o r d in a r y p e o p le t h a t G o t a m a a b s t a i n s m e s s a g e s a n d g o in g o n t h e m .

n . 1 c a n a ls o iv . 19 6 . C f. s e e D . i. 5 , 8 f r o m s e n d in g

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m o n k is a h e a re r a n d one w h o m a k e s o th e rs h e a r a n d a le a rn e r a n d a n in s tr u c to r a n d a k n o w e r a n d a n e x p o u n d e r a n d one sk illed in (recognising) c o n fo r m ity a n d n o n -c o n fo rm ity 1 a n d n ot a m a k e r o f q u a rre ls. M o n k s, if a m o n k is p o ssessed o f th ese e ig h t q u a litie s he is fit to g o a m essag e. M on ks, b e ca u se he is p o ssessed o f th e se e ig h t q u a litie s , S a r ip u tta is fit to go a m essage. W h a t a re th e e ig h t ? H e re in , m o n k s, S a r ip u tta is a le a rn e r . . . a n d n o t a m a k e r o f q u a rre ls. [201] M onks, becau se S a r ip u tta is possessed o f th ese e ig h t q u a litie s h e is fit to go a m essage. W h o , to so m e h ig h a ssem b led c o u n c il co m e, W a v e r s n o t, n o r in d isco u rse fa ils, n o r h id es T h e te a c h in g , n o r s p e a k s 2 in d o u b tfu ln e ss ,3 A n d w h o , b e in g q u e stio n e d , is n o t a g ita te d -----A m o n k lik e th is is fit to g o a m essage. || 6 || M onks, D e v a d a t t a ,4 o v e rc o m e a n d h is m in d c o n tro lle d b y e ig h t w ro n g c o n d itio n s , 5 is d o o m e d to th e D o w n fa ll ,6 to N ir a y a H e ll ,6 s ta y in g th e re fo r a n aeo n , in c u r a b le .7 W h a t e ig h t ? D e v a d a tta , m o n k s, o v e rc o m e a n d h is m in d c o n tro lle d b y g a in 8 is d o o m ed to th e D o w n fa ll . . . in c u ra b le . D e v a d a t t a , m o n k s, o v e rco m e a n d h is m in d c o n tro lle d b y la c k o f g a in . . . b y fa m e . . . b y la c k o f fa m e . . . b y h o n o u rs . . . b y la c k -o f h o n o u rs . . . b y e v il d e sire . . . b y e v il frie n d sh ip is d o o m ed to th e D o w n fa ll . . . in c u ra b le . M o n k s, D e v a d a t t a , o v e rc o m e a n d his m in d c o n tro lle d b y th e se e ig h t w ro n g co n d itio n s is d o om ed to th e D o w n fa ll, to N ir a y a H e ll, s t a y in g th e re fo r a n aeon , in cu rab le.
1 I c o p y t h e n o t e a t G .S . i v . 1 3 5 : sahitdsakita ; cf. D . i. 8 , A . ii. 13 8 ; Dial. i. 14 , n . 6 . S o m e o f t h e s e t e r m s r e c u r a t D . i. 5 6 . C f. S .B .E . X X I , 352 f . fo r w h a t m a y b e t h e M a h a y a n a v e r s io n o f t h i s s u t t a . 8 akkhdti. A . i v . 1 9 6 r e a d s bhanati. 8 asandiddho. A . i v . 1 9 6 r e a d s asanditthan, b u t A A . i v . 10 6 h a s asandiddkam w h ic h i t g lo s s e s a s vigatasantsayant, w i t h o u t d o u b t s . V A . 1 2 7 6 r e a d s asandittko ca akkhdti ti nissandeho hutvd akkhdtd anusandkivasena yoyetvd. A t M iln . 2 9 5 sandeka o c c u r s , m e a n in g d o u b t.* * A t D A . 282 sandiddha o c c u r s w i t h tt.l. sandittha. S e e G .S . i v . 1 3 5 , n . 4 . 4 D o w n t o ** t h u s i t is t h a t y o u , m o n k s , s h o u ld t r a in 9 9 = A . i v . 1 6 0 1 . * asaddhantntehi. S e e V in . Texts iii. 2 6 2 , n . 2 . 6 apdyika nerayika. S e e V in . Texts iii. 2 6 2 , n . 3. 7 T h i s q u a r t e t o f w o r d s o c c u r s r t A . iii. 4 0 2 , i v . 16 0 , M . i. 3 9 3 a ls o in c o n n e c t io n w it h D e v a d a t t a . V A . 1 2 7 6 s a y s n o w i t is n o t p o s s ib le t o c u r e h i m e v e n w it h a t h o u s a n d B u d d h a s . * G a in , l a c k o f g a in , f a m e , l a c k o f f a m e a r e f o u r o f t h e e i g h t w o r l d l y c o n d itio n s m e n t io n e d a t D . iii. 2 6 0 , A . ii. 18 8 , i v . 1 5 7 .

B O O K OF D I S C I P L I N E 284 " M o n k s, it is w e ll t h a t a m o n k sh o u ld liv e c o n s ta n tly o v e r co m in g g a in 1 t h a t h a s a risen , la c k o f g a in t h a t h a s arisen , fa m e th a t h a s a risen , la c k o f fa m e t h a t h a s a rise n , h o n o u rs t h a t h a v e a risen , la c k o f h o n o u rs t h a t h a s a risen , e v il d e s ire t h a t h a s a risen , e v il frie n d sh ip t h a t h a s a risen . A n d w h y , m o n k s, fo r w h a t g o o d p u rp o se s h o u ld a m o n k liv e c o n s ta n tly o v e rc o m in g g a in . . . e v il frie n d s h ip t h a t h a s a rise n ? M o n k s, i f a m o n k liv e n o t c o n s ta n tly o v e r c o m in g g a in t h a t h a s arisen , th e c a n k e rs, t h a t a re d e s tr u c tiv e a n d c o n s u m in g ,3 m a y arise , b u t i f he liv e s c o n s ta n tly o v e r c o m in g g a in t h a t h a s a risen , th e n it fo llo w s t h a t th e c a n k e rs , t h a t a re d e s tr u c tiv e a n d co n su m in g , w ill n o t b e in h im . . . i f h e liv e s c o n s ta n tly o v e rc o m in g e v il frie n d s h ip th a t h a s a risen , th e n it fo llo w s th a t th e c a n k e rs, d e s tr u c tiv e a n d c o n su m in g , w ill n o t b e in him . " I t is fo r th is g o o d p u rp o se , m o n k s , th a t a m o n k sh o u ld liv e c o n s ta n tly o v e rc o m in g g a in th a t h a s a risen . . . e v il frien d sh ip t h a t h a s a rise n . W h e re fo re , m o n k s, s a y in g , ' W e w ill liv e c o n s ta n tly o v e rc o m in g g^ in t h a t h a s a rise n . . . e v il frie n d sh ip th a t h a s a rise n * th u s it is th a t y o u , m o n k s, sh o u ld t r a in .3 M o n k s, [202] D e v a d a t t a ,4 o v e rc o m e a n d h is m in d c o n tro lle d b y th re e w ro n g c o n d itio n s, is d o o m e d to th e D o w n fa ll, to N ir a y a H e ll, s t a y in g th e re fo r a n a e o n , in c u ra b le . W h a t th re e ? E v il d esire, e v il frie n d s h ip , th e c o m in g to a h a lt m id w a y in his c a re e r b e c a u s e h is sp e c ia l a tta in m e n ts a re o f triflin g v a lu e .5 M o n k s, a m o n k w h o is o v e rc o m e . . . b y th e s e th re e w ro n g co n d itio n s is . . . in c u ra b le . I I 7 II " N e v e r 6 le t a n y o n e o f e v il d e sire s a rise in th e w o r l d ; A n d k n o w it b y th is ; a s th e b o u rn o f th o se o f e v il d esires.

1 A l s o s e e D . i. 8 w h e r e a n o r d i n a r y m a n w o u ld s a y t h a t G o t a m a a b s t a in s f r o m a v a r i c i o u s l y a d d i n g g a i n t o g a in , o r b e n e f it t o b e n e f it . 1 A s a t A . ii. 1 9 7 ; M . i . 9 . V e r s io n a t A . i v . 16 0 1 s t o p s h e r e . 4 R e s t o f t h is p a r a g r a p h a n d t h e w h o le o f t h e n e x t ( t h e v e r s e s ) g iv e n a ls o a t I i . p . 8 5 ff. C f . A . v . 1 5 7 , 1 6 4 , D , ii. 78 . T h e s e v e r s e s o c c i;r a ls o a t I i . p . 8 5 6 . S e e W o o d w a r d 's t r a n s l a t io n a n d n o t e s a t M i n , A n th . I I . p . 1 7 7 8 .

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K n o w n as s a g e / 1 h e ld a s f one w h o m a d e th e se lf b e c o m e / D e v a d a t t a s to o d sh in in g a s w ith fa m e I h e a rd te ll. H e , fa llin g in to re ck le ssn e ss ,2 a ss a ilin g th e T ru th -fin d e r ,3 A tta in e d A v ic i H e ll ,4 fo u r-d o o re d , frig h tfu l. F o r h e w h o w o u ld in ju re one w ith o u t h a tre d , n o t d o in g a n e v il d e ed -----T h a t e v il to u c h e s o n ly h im o f m in d o f h a te , c o n te m p tu o u s .5 W h o sh o u ld th in k to p o llu te th e sea w ith p o t o f p o iso n -----H e w o u ld n o t p o llu te it w ith th a t, fo r sublime is th e g r e a t o cean . S o h e w h o w ith a b u s e 7 a fflic ts th e T ru th -fin d e r W h o h a s r ig h t ly g o n e, h is m in d tr a n q u il on h im th e a b u se h a s no e ffe c t. A w ise m a n sh o u ld m a k e a frie n d o f su ch a one a n d fo llo w h im , A m o n k fo llo w in g th e w a y of h im 8 sh o u ld a c h ie v e d e s tru c tio n o f i ll/ ' || 8 || 4 || T h e n th e v e n e ra b le U p a li a p p ro a c h e d th e L o r d , h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d , h a v in g g re e te d th e L o rd , h e s a t d o w n a t a re sp e c t fu l d ista n ce. A s h e w a s s ittin g d o w n a t a re sp e c tfu l d ista n c e , th e v e n e ra b le U p a li sp o k e th u s to th e L o r d : " L o rd , as to th e w o rd s : D isse n sio n in an O rd e r ,9 d issen sio n in an O rd er to w h a t e x te n t, L o rd , is th e re d issen sio n in an O rd er b u t n o t sch ism in an O rd e r ? A n d th e n to w h a t e x te n t is th e re dissension in a n O rd e r a s w e ll a s sch ism in a n O rd er ?
1 C f . 5 . i. 65. * so p a m d d a m a n u c in n o . I f A , i i . 10 0 1 s a y s " D e v a d a t t a , s a y in g ' I a m t h e a w a k e n e d o n e ,' a n d s o o n , n o t k n o w in g h is o w n m e a s u r e (a tta n o p a m d n a m a jd n itv d ) ** f a l l in g i n t o r e c k le s s n e s s (o r p e r h a p s 'e r r o r / p a m d d a m d p a jja n to ) a s t o h im s e lf a s a n a w a k e n e d o n e , s a id , ' N o w I w i l l b e c o m e a n a w a k e n e d o n e , I w ill le a d t h e O r d e r o f m o n k s / ' 9 d s a jja tarn (o r n a m ) ta ih d g a ia m . T e x t r e a d s d s a jja n a ffi , b u t S in h . a n d S ia m . e d n s . h a v e d s a j ja tarn. I t A . ii. 1 0 1 e x p l a i n s a s d sa d etv a v ih eth etvd , h a v in g a s s a ile d ( in s u lt e d , o f fe n d e d ) , h a v i n g a n n o y e d . 1 D e s c r ib e d a t A . i. 1 4 1 . 8 T h i s r e s e m b le s D h p . 1 2 5 . * H e a d in g bhesm d w it h S i n h . a n d S i a m , e d n s ., V A . 1 2 7 7 a n d I t A . ii. 1 0 1 , in s te a d o f t e x t 's bha sm d a n d I t . ta sm d . B h e s m d m e a n s a w f u l , t e r r ib le , a n d h e n c e m a y b e t a k e n a s s u b lim e . 7 v a d en a . I t A . ii. 1 0 1 e x p l a i n s b y d o sen a , a n g e r , h a t r e d . s y a s sa m a ggdn u go b h ik k h u . 9 s a ftg h a r d ji. C f . V i n . iv . 3 7 , 1 2 8 , 1 5 3 , 2 1 7 , V h b A . 4 2 8 , a n d D u t t , E a r ly B u d . M o n a c h is m , p . 19 3 ft. O t h e r e x p r e s s io n s f o r d i f f e r e n c e s in t h e O r d e r o c c u r a t e .g . V i n . i. 3 3 9 . T h e r e is a l s o cu k k a b h e d a , *' b r e a k i n g o f t h e c o n c o r d ,* ' a s a t V in . iii. 1 7 1 , a n d a b o v e C V . V I I . 8. 14 .

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I f, U p a li, th e re is one o n o n e s id e 1 a n d tw o on a n o th e r 2 a n d if a fo u r th 3 sp e a k s o u t 4 a n d o ffers a v o tin g tic k e t, s a y in g ; T h is is th e ru le, th is is d is c ip lin e , th is is th e T e a c h e r s in stru c tio n , ta k e th is (v o tin g tic k e t) , a p p r o v e o f th is ' th is, U p a li, is d issen sion in an O rd e r b u t n o t sc h ism in a n Order* " I f, U p a li, th e re a re tw o o n o n e sid e a n d tw o on a n o th e r a n d if a fifth sp e a k s o u t . . . tw o on o n e sid e a n d th re e on a n o th e r a n d if a s ix th sp e a k s o u t . . . th re e o n o n e sid e a n d th re e on a n o th e r a n d if a s e v e n th s p e a k s o u t . . . th re e on o n e sid e a n d fo u r on a n o th e r a n d if an e ig h th s p e a k s o u t a n d offers a v o tin g tic k e t, s a y in g : ' T h is is th e ru le , th is is d is c ip lin e, th is is th e T e a c h e r 's in s tru c tio n , ta k e th is (v o tin g tic k e t), a p p ro v e o f th is * th is, U p a li, is d issen sio n in a n O rd e r b u t n o t sch ism in a n O rd er. [203] If, U p a li, th e re a re fo u r on one sid e a n d fo u r o n a n o th e r a n d a n in th sp e a k s o u t . . . th is, U p a li, is d issen sio n in an O rd er a s w e ll as sch ism in a n O rd e r. D isse n sio n in a n O rd er, U p a li, a s w e ll a s sc h is m in a n O rd e r is (d u e to th e re bein g) n in e or m o re th a n n in e . 6 U p a li, a n u n d o es n o t sp lit an O rd e r e ve n if sh e g o es fo rw a rd w ith a sc h ism 6 . . . a p ro b a tio n e r . . . a n o v ic e . . . a w o m a n n o v ic e . . . a la y fo llo w e r . . . a w o m a n la y fo llo w e r d o es n o t s p lit a n O rd e r e v e n if sh e go es fo rw a rd w ith a sch ism . O n ly a re g u la r m o n k , U p a li, b e lo n g in g to th e sam e co m m u n io n , s ta y in g w ith in th e sa m e b o u n d a ry , sp lits a n O r d e r / ' || i | | L o r d , a s to th e w o rd s :7 S c h ism in a n O rd er, sc h ism in a n O rd er t o w h a t e x te n t, L o rd , c a n a n O rd e r b e co m e s p lit ? " A s to th is, U p a li, m o n k s e x p la in n o n-dhanim a a s dham m a , t h e y e x p la in dham m a a s n o n-dham m a, t h e y e x p la in n o n d iscip lin e as d iscip lin e, t h e y e x p la in d isc ip lin e as n o n -d iscip lin e, t h e y e x p la in w h a t w a s n o t sp o k e n , n o t u tte r e d b y th e T r u th fin d er a s sp o k en , u tte r e d b y th e T ru th -fin d e r, t h e y e x p la in
1 V A . 1 2 7 7 , " i f there is one on th e side (or in th e factio n or p a rty ) of dbaM -im a-speakers. * V A . 1 2 7 7 , *' on th e side of n o n -d h a m m a speakers." * V A . 12 77, " if there is a fourth, a n o n -d h a m m a speaker, w ho thinks ' I w ill sp lit th e Order V ' 4 a n u ss a v e ti, n o t here I th in k in th e tech n ical sense of m a k in g a proclam ation. V A . 1 2 7 7 says, " faw ning, he announces, sa v e d * T h u s for a schism to occur a t least nine m o n k s m u st break off from th e m ain b o d y of th e Order. a C f. V i n . i. 15 1. 7 C f . A . V . 73 , 7 5 .

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w h a t w a s sp o k en , u tte r e d b y th e T r u th -fin d e r a s n o t sp o k en , not u tte re d b y th e T ru th -fin d e r, t h e y e x p la in w h a t w a s n o t p ra c tise d b y th e T ru th -fin d e r as p ra c tis e d b y th e T ru th -fin d e r, th e y e x p la in w h a t w a s p ra c tise d b y th e T ru th -fin d e r a s n o t p ra c tis e d b y th e T ru th -fin d e r, t h e y e x p la in w h a t w a s n o t la id d o w n b y th e T ru th -fin d e r a s la id d o w n b y th e T ru th -fin d e r, t h e y e x p la in w h a t w a s la id d o w n b y th e T ru th -fin d e r a s n o t la id d o w n b y th e T ru th -fin d e r, t h e y e x p la in w h a t is n o offence as an offen ce, t h e y e x p la in an o ffen ce a s no offen ce, t h e y e x p la in a slig h t o ffen ce as a seriou s offen ce, t h e y e x p la in a serio u s o ffen ce as a s lig h t offen ce, t h e y e x p la in a n offen ce t h a t c a n b e d on e a w a y w ith a s an offence t h a t c a n n o t be d on e a w a y w ith , t h e y e x p la in a n o ffen ce th a t c a n n o t be d on e a w a y w ith as an offence t h a t c a n b e d o n e a w a y w ith , t h e y e x p la in a b a d o ffen ce as n o t a b a d offen ce, t h e y e x p la in n o t a b a d offence as a b a d o ffe n ce .1 T h e se , in re g a rd to th ese e ig h tee n p o in ts d ra w a w a y a n d se p a ra te (a c o m p a n y ),2 t h e y c a r r y o u t a s e p a r a te 3 O b se rv a n c e , t h e y c a r r y o u t a s e p a ra te I n v ita tio n , th e y c a r r y o u t a s e p a ra te (form al) a c t o f th e O rd er. T o th is e x te n t, U p a li, d o es an O rd e r b e co m e s p lit / || 2 || L o rd , as to th e w o rd s :4 H a r m o n y in a n O rd er, h a rm o n y in an O rd er t o w h a t e x te n t, L o rd , d o es a n O rd e r co m e to be h a rm o n io u s ? " A s t o th is, U p a li, m o n k s e x p la in n o n -d h a m m a as nond h a m m a y th e y e x p la in dham m a a s d h a m m a . . . t h e y e x p la in n o t a b a d o ffen ce as n o t a b a d offen ce. T h e se , in re g a rd to th ese e ig h tee n p o in ts, d o n o t d ra w a w a y , do n o t s e p a ra te (a c o m p a n y ), t h e y do n o t c a r r y o u t a s e p a r a te O b se rv a n c e , t h e y d o n o t c a r r y o u t a s e p a ra te I n v ita tio n , t h e y do n o t c a r r y o u t a se p a ra te (form al) a c t o f th e O rd er. T o th is e x te n t, U p a li, a n O rd e r co m es to b e h a rm o n io u s / ' || 3 || " B u t , L o r d ,5 h a v in g split a n O rd e r th a t w a s h a rm o n io u s, w h a t does h e se t u p ?
1 A s a t M V . X . 5 . 4, 5 ; C V . I V . 14 . 2. Cf. A . i, 19 -20 . a O ldenbergs t e x t reads a p a k a s a n ti a v a p a k a s a n ti , w hich V A . 1280 interprets : th e y draw over a com p an y, e x tra c t it (v ija te n ti) and set it up (u ssa d e n ti) on one side. T h e y m a ke it w id e ly know n th a t th e y are separated. A . v. 74, 75 reads a v a k a ss a n ti v a v a k a s s a n ti (w ith v .l.) . Cf. A . iii. 145. 3 d v e n i. V A . 1280 gives v is u tn . 4 Cf, A . v . 74, 76. 6 Cf. A. v . 75. 0 bhinditvd. A . v. 75 reads bhetvd w ith v. U. chptvd, bhinditvd.

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N o w , U p a li, h a v in g sp lit a n O rd e r th a t w a s h a rm o n io u s, he sets u p d e m erit th a t e n d u res fo r an aeon a n d h e is b o iled in h e ll fo r a n aeon .1 [204] A sc h is m a tic in th e O rd e r, d o o m e d to th e D o w n fa ll, to N ir a y a H e ll fo r a n aeon, T o d is h a rm o n y p ro n e , s ta n d in g on n o n -dham m a, fa lls a w a y fro m p e a ce fro m b o n d a g e . H a v in g sp lit an h a rm o n io u s O rd e r, h e b o ils fo r a n aeon in h e ll . 8 B u t, L o r d ,2 h a v in g u n ite d a n O rd e r t h a t w as sp lit, w h a t does he set u p ? N o w , U p a li, h a v in g u n ite d a n O rd e r t h a t w a s s p lit, he sets u p su b lim e m e rit a n d h e re jo ic e s in h e a v e n fo r a n aeon. B le sse d is h a r m o n y fo r an O rd e r, a n d th e frie n d o f th o se w h o are h a rm o n io u s, T o h a r m o n y p ro n e , sta n d in g on d h a m m a , fa lls n o t a w a y fro m p e a c e fro m b o n d a g e . M a k in g a n O rd er h a rm o n io u s, he re jo ice s fo r an aeon in h e a v e n / ' 2 || 4 || " N o w , c o u ld it n o t b e , L o rd , t h a t a s c h is m a tic in th e O rd e r is d o o m ed to th e D o w n fa ll, to N ir a y a H e ll, re m a in in g th e re fo r an aeon, in c u ra b le ? I t c o u ld b e , U p a li, th a t a s c h is m a tic in th e O rd e r is d o o m ed to th e D o w n fa ll * . . in c u r a b le / ' B u t c o u ld it be, L o rd , t h a t a s c h is m a tic in th e O rd e r is n o t d o o m ed to th e D o w n fa ll, n o t to N ir a y a H e ll, n o t re m a in in g th e re fo r a n aeon, n o t in c u ra b le ? " I t c o u ld be, U p a li, th a t a s c h is m a tic in th e O rd e r is n o t d o o m ed to th e D o w n fa ll . * . n o t in c u r a b le / *' B u t w h ic h (kin d of) sc h is m a tic in a n O rd er, L o rd is d o o m ed to th e D o w n fa ll, to N ir a y a H e ll, re m a in in g th e re fo r a n aeon, in c u ra b le ? " T h is is a ca se , U p a li, w h e re a m o n k e x p la in s non -d h am m a as dham m a ; if h e h a s th e v ie w t h a t in th is (e x p la n a tio n ) th e re is non -d h am m a, if he h a s th e v ie w t h a t in sch ism th e re is non -dham m a, m isre p re se n tin g o p in io n , m isre p re se n tin g a p p ro v a l, m isre p re se n tin g p le a su re , m isre p re se n tin g in te n tio n ,3 a n d
Cf. C V . V I I . 8. 16 for m a n y of th ese expressions. Cf.A.v.jt. J * O n these fqur p sych ological m odalities, see B.D. i. 163. n.

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if he sp ea k s o u t a n d o ffers a v o tin g t ic k e t, s a y in g : T h is is rule, th is is d iscip lin e, th is is th e T e a c h e r s in stru c tio n ; ta k e this (v o tin g tic k e t), a p p r o v e o f th is ' th is sc h is m a tic in th e O rder, U p a li, is d o o m ed to th e D o w n fa ll, to N ir a y a H e ll, rem a in in g th e re fo r an aeon, in cu ra b le. ' A n d a g ain , U p a li, if a m o n k e x p la in s n o n -dham m a as dham m a , if h e h a s th e v ie w th a t in th is (e x p la n a tio n ) th e re is non -d h am m a , if he h a s th e v ie w th a t in sch ism th ere is dham m a, m isrep resen tin g o p in io n . . . in cu ra b le, A n d a g a in , U p a li, if he e x p la in s n o n -d h a m m a a s d h a m m a , if h e h a s th e v ie w th a t in th is (e x p la n a tio n ) th e re is non -dham m a, if h e is d o u b tfu l a s to a sch ism . . . if he h a s th e v ie w th a t in th is (e x p la n a tio n ) th e re is d h a m m a , i f he h as th e v ie w t h a t in sch ism th e re is n o n -d h am m a . . . if h e h a s th e v ie w t h a t in th is (e x p la n a tio n ) th e re is dha m m a , if he is d o u b tfu l a s to a sch ism . . . if h e is d o u b tfu l as to th is (e x p la n a tio n ), if h e h a s th e v ie w t h a t in sch ism th ere is nondham m a . . . if h e is d o u b tfu l a s to th is (e x p la n a tio n ), if he h a s th e v ie w t h a t in sch ism th e re is dham m a * if h e is d o u b tfu l a s to th is (e x p la n a tio n ), if he is d o u b tfu l as to a sch ism , m isre p re se n tin g o p in io n . . . in c u ra b le . || 5 || " B u t w h ic h (k in d of) sc h is m a tic in th e O rd er, L o rd , is n o t d oom ed to th e D o w n fa ll, n o r to N ir a y a H e ll, [205] riot re m a in in g th e re fo r a n aeon, n o t in c u ra b le ? 0 T h is is a case, U p a li, w h e re a m o n k e x p la in s n o n -dham m a as dham m a ; if h e h a s th e v ie w th a t in th is (ex p la n a tio n ) th ere is dha m m a , if h e h a s th e v ie w th a t in sch ism th e re is d h a m m a , y e t n o t m isre p re se n tin g o p in io n , n o t m isre p re se n tin g a p p ro v a l, n o t m isre p re se n tin g p le a su re , n o t m isre p re se n tin g in ten tio n , he sp e a k s o u t a n d o ffers a v o tin g tic k e t, s a y in g , ' T h is is rule, th is is d iscip lin e, th is is th e T e a c h e r s in stru c tio n ; ta k e th is (v o tin g tic k e t), a p p ro v e o f th is ' e v e n th is sc h ism a tic in th e O rd er, U p a li, is n o t d o o m ed to th e D o w n fa ll, n o t d o o m ed to N ir a y a H e ll, n o t re m a in in g th e re fo r a n aeon, n o t in c u ra b le . " A n d a g ain , U p a li, a m o n k e x p la in s dham m a a s n o t-d h a m m a . . . e x p la in s a n o t b a d offence as a b a d o ffen ce, b u t (although ) he h a s th e v ie w th a t in th is (e x p la n a tio n ) th ere is dham m a th e v ie w t h a t in sch ism th e re is d h a m m a , y e t n o t m isre p re se n t ing o p in io n . . . n o t in c u r a b le . || 6 || 5 || T o ld is th e T h ir d P o rtio n fo r R e p e a tin g .
L*

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T o ld is th e S e v e n th S e c tio n : t h a t on S c h ism in an O rd er. T h is is its k e y : I n A n u p iy a , d istin g u ish e d , th e d e lic a te ly n u rtu re d one d id n o t w a n t to , p lo u g h in g , so w in g , le a d in g in , led a w a y , d ig g in g u p a n d re a p in g , H a rv e s tin g , m a k in g in to sto o k s , th re sh in g a n d w in n o w in g , siftin g , b rin g in g in, th e n e x t a n d t h e y d o n o t sto p , fa th e r s a n d g ra n d fa th e rs . B h a d d iy a , A n u r u d d h a a n d A n a n d a , B h a g u , K im b ila , a n d th e S a k y a n p rid e , a t K o sa m b I, h e d e clin e d , a n d a b o u t K akudha. H e in fo rm e d a g a in s t, a n d a fa th e r 's , b y a m a n , N a la g ir i, a tria d , fiv e , a serio u s m a tte r , h e s p lits , a n d a b o u t a g r a v e ' offen ce, th ree, e ig h t, th re e a g a in , d isse n sio n , sch ism , r C o u ld it n ot be ? [206]

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LESSER

D IV I S I O N

(CU LLA V A G G A )

VHI

A t one tim e th e A w a k e n e d O n e, th e L o rd , w a s s ta y in g a t S a v a tth I in th e J e ta G ro v e in A n a th a p in d ik a 's m o n a ste ry . N o w a t t h a t tim e in co m in g m o n k s e n te red th e m o n a ste ry w ith th e ir sa n d a ls o n ,1 a n d t h e y e n te re d th e m o n a s te ry w ith su n sh ad es u p ,2 a n d th e y e n te red th e m o n a s te ry w ith th e ir h ea d s m u ffled u p ,3 a n d t h e y e n te red th e m o n a s te ry h a v in g p u t th e ir ro b es on th e ir h ead s, a n d t h e y w a sh e d th e ir fe e t in th e d rin k in g w a te r, a n d th e y d id n o t g re e t th e resid en t m o n ks w h o w ere senior n or a s k a b o u t lo d g in g s. A n d a ce rta in in co m in g m o n k , h a v in g u n fa ste n e d th e b o lt 4 o f a n u n o c c u p ie d d w e llin g -p la ce , h a v in g o p e n e d th e d o o r , 5 e n te red h a s tily . A sn ak e fe ll on to h is sh o u ld er fro m a lin te l a b o v e ; terrified , he u tte re d a c r y o f d istre ss. M on ks, h a v in g ru n u p , sp o k e th u s to th a t m o n k : W h y d id y o u , y o u r re ve ren ce , u tte r a c r y o f d istress ? " T h e n th is m o n k to ld th is m a tte r to th e m on ks. T h o se w h o w ere m o d e st m o n k s lo o k e d d o w n u p o n , criticise d , sp re a d it a b o u t, s a y in g : H o w c a n th e se in co m in g m o n k s en te r a m o n a s te ry w ith th e ir s a n d a ls on . . . n or a sk a b o u t lo d g in g s ? T h e n th ese m o n k s to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : Is it tru e , a s is s a id , m o n k s, t h a t in co m in g m o n k s en tered a m o n a ste ry w ith th e ir s a n d a ls o n . . , a n d d id n o t a sk a b o u t lo d gin gs ? I t is tru e , L o r d ." T h e A w a k e n e d O n e, th e L o rd , re b u k e d th em , s a y in g : H o w , m o n k s, c a n in c o m in g m o n k s e n te r a m o n a s te ry w ith th e ir sa n d a ls on . . . n o r a s k a b o u t lo d g in g s ? I t is n o t, m on ks, fo r p le a sin g th o se w h o a re n o t (yet) p le a se d . . . . H a v in g re b u k e d th e m , h a v in g g iv e n re a so n e d t a lk , he a d d ressed th e m o n ks, s a y in g :

1 * 3 * *

A sign of disrespect, see M V . V . 12 and S e k h iy a s 61, 62. See C V . V . 23 . 2. See Sek h iya s 23, 67 a t th e latter of w hich " head muffled up *' is defined. ghaiika, as a t C V . V . 14-. 3, V I . 2 . 1. See also Vin. iii. 119. See B . D . i. 199, n. 3.

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W e ll th e n , m o n k s, I w ill la y d o w n a n o b se rv a n c e 1 for in co m in g m o n k s w h ic h sh o u ld b e o b s e rv e d b y in c o m in g m o n k s. " M o n k s, an in c o m in g m o n k , th in k in g , I w ill n o w e n te r a m o n a s te r y / [207] h a v in g ta k e n o ff his sa n d a ls, h a v in g p u t th e m d o w n ,2 h a v in g b e a te n th e m , h a v in g ta k e n th e m u p (again ), h a v in g lo w ere d h is su n sh a d e , h a v in g u n c o v e re d his h ea d , h a v in g p u t h is ro b e o v e r h is sh o u ld e r, sh o u ld e n te r th e m o n a ste ry c a r e fu lly a n d u n h u r r ie d ly .3 W h ile h e is e n te rin g th e m o n a ste ry , he sh o u ld n o tice w h e re th e re sid e n t m o n k s h a v e w ith d ra w n t o .4 W h e r e v e r re sid e n t m o n k s h a v e w ith d ra w n to w h e th e r to a n a s s e m b ly h a ll o r to a h u t o r to th e ro o t o f a tre e h a v in g g o n e th e re , h e sh o u ld p u t d o w n h is b o w l a t one sid e, he sh o u ld p u t d o w n h is ro b e a t one sid e, a n d h a v in g ta k e n a s u ita b le s e a t he sh o u ld sit d o w n . H e sh o u ld a sk a b o u t th e d rin k in g w a te r , h e sh o u ld a sk a b o u t th e w a sh in g w a te r w h ic h th e d rin k in g w a te r is, w h ic h th e w a s h in g w a te r. I f he w a n ts d rin k in g w a te r , h a v in g ta k e n d rin k in g w a te r h e sh o u ld d rin k ; if h e w a n ts w a s h in g w a te r, h a v in g ta k e n w a sh in g w a te r h e sh o u ld w a s h h is fe e t. W h e n he is w a s h in g h is fe et he sh o u ld s p rin k le w a te r (o v e r th em ) w ith one h a n d a n d w a sh h is fe e t w ith th e o th e r ; b u t h e sh o u ld n o t sp rin k le w a te r a n d w a s h his fe e t w ith one a n d th e sa m e h a n d . H a v in g a sk e d fo r a p ie ce o f c lo th t o w ip e h is sa n d a ls, h e sh o u ld w ip e th e sa n d a ls. W h ile h e is w ip in g h is s a n d a ls he sh o u ld first w ip e th e m w ith a d r y p ie ce o f c lo th , a fte rw a r d s w ith a d a m p one ; h a v in g w a s h e d th e p ie ce s o f c lo th fo r w ip in g th e sa n d a ls h e sh o u ld s p r e a d 6 th e m on o n e sid e. I f a resid en t m o n k is sen io r h e sh o u ld g re e t h im ; i f h e is n e w ly o rd ain e d h e sh o u ld m a k e h im g re e t (him ). H e sh o u ld a s k a b o u t lo d g ings, s a y in g : * W h ic h lo d g in g p e r ta in s t o 6 m e ? ' H e sh o u ld a s k w h e th e r it is o c cu p ie d o r u n o c c u p ie d . H e sh o u ld a sk a b o u t reso rts fo r a lm s ,7 he sh o u ld a s k a b o u t n o n -re so rts fo r
1 vatta, custom , d u ty , h ab it. 1 n lca tjt ka tv a occurs also a t M V . I . 25 . 1 1 , 1 5 ; C V . V I I I . 4. 4 ; 6. 2. * a ta ra m a n en a as a t V i n . i. 248. * V A . 128 1, '* h a v e assem bled.1' * v is s a jje ta b b a ip . V A . 1 2 8 1 , a tth a r ita b b a m , * p a p u z td ti. Cf. C V . V I . 11. 3 ; 21 . 2 for rules for apportion ing lodgings. 1 g ocara. V A . 1281 says ** he should ask a b o u t w alk in g for alm s th u s : Is th e villa ge w hich gives alm s, g o c a ta g a m a , near or far ? M a y one w alk for alm s early, or during th e d a y ?

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a lm s ,1 he sh o u ld a s k a b o u t th e fa m ilie s w h ic h are a g re e d u p o n as le a rn ers ,2 h e sh o u ld a s k a b o u t th e p riv ie s , h e sh o u ld a sk a b o u t th e d rin k in g w a te r ,3 he sh o u ld a s k a b o u t th e w a te r fo r w a s h in g ,3 he sh o u ld a s k a b o u t a sta ff, he sh o u ld a s k a b o u t (th e fo rm of) th e O rd e r's a g re e m e n t, s a y i n g : r W h a t tim e sh o u ld it b e e n tered u p o n , w h a t tim e sh o u ld it b e d e p a rte d fro m ? || 2 || I f th e d w e llin g -p la c e is u n o c c u p ie d , h a v in g k n o c k e d a t th e door, h a v in g w a ite d a m o m e n t, h a v in g u n fa ste n e d th e b o lt, h a v in g o p e n e d th e d o o r, h e sh o u ld w a tc h o u t w h ile sta n d in g o u tsid e .6 I f th e d w e llin g -p la c e is so ile d o r if c o u c h is p ile d on co u ch o r i f c h a ir is p ile d on c h a ir a n d lo d g in g s h e a p e d on to p o f th e m , h e sh o u ld c le a r (the d w e llin g -p la ce ) i f h e is a b le to d o so. W h ile c le a rin g 6 th e d w e llin g p la ce , h a v in g first ta k e n o u t th e g ro u n d c o v e r in g h e sh o u ld l a y it to one side. H a v in g ta k e n o u t th e su p p o rts fo r th e b e d s . . . h a v in g ta k e n o u t th e m a ttre s s a n d th e s q u a ttin g - m a t . . . th e p ie ce o f c lo th to sit u p o n a n d th e sh e et, he sh o u ld la y th e m to one sid e. H a v in g lo w e re d th e c o u ch , h a v in g ta k e n it o u t c a r e fu lly w ith o u t ru b b in g it, w ith o u t k n o c k in g it a g a in s t th e d o o r or th e p o sts [208] h e sh o u ld l a y it to one sid e . H a v in g lo w e re d th e ch a ir, h a v in g ta k e n it o u t c a r e fu lly w ith o u t ru b b in g it, w ith o u t k n o c k in g it a g a in s t th e d o or o r th e p o sts, h e sh o u ld la y it to one sid e . H a v in g ta k e n o u t th e sp itto o n , h e sh o u ld la y it to one sid e. H a v in g ta k e n o u t th e re clin in g b o a rd , he sh o u ld la y it to one side. I f th e re are c o b w e b s in th e d w e llin g p la ce , h e sh o u ld first re m o v e th e m fro m th e (floor-) c o v e rin g . H e sh o u ld w ip e th e c o m e rs o f th e w in d o w -h o les. I f a w a ll th a t w a s c o lo u re d red b e co m e s sta in e d , h e sh o u ld w ip e it h a v in g m o iste n e d a ra g , h a v in g w r u n g i t o u t. I f g ro u n d t h a t w a s b la c k e d b e co m e s sta in e d , he sh o u ld wipe* it h a v in g m o is te n e d a ra g , h a v in g w r u n g it o u t. I f th e g ro u n d h a s n o t b een tre a te d , h e sh o u ld sw e ep it h a v in g s p rin k le d it a ll o v e r w ith
1 agocara. V A . 1 2 8 1 sa y s this is a v illa ge of people of wrong vie w s or a village w ith a lim ited su p p ly of alm s. A n d he should ask if it is where alm s are given to one or tw o (m onks on ly). * S e e P a tid e s a n iy a III. * T h ese questions do not th is tim e refer to finding ou t w h ich is w hich b u t, according to V A . 1 2 8 1 , w h a t pon d's drinking w ater it is th a t th e y drin k, and w h a t w ashing w ater it is th a t th e y use for b ath in g and so on. * C f . V i n . iii. 16 0 = ii. 76 . * For, according to V A . 1 2 8 1 , he m a y h a v e seen th e p ath of a snake or a non-hum an creature. R e s t of this section also a t M V . I . 25 . 15, C V . V I I I . 7 . 2.

B O O K OF D I S C I P L I N E 294 w a te r, th in k in g : * T a k e c a re le st th e d w e llin g -p la c e is su llied w ith d u s t.' H a v in g lo o k e d fo r (any) ru b b ish , h e sh o u ld rem o ve it to one sid e . || 3 [| " H a v in g d rie d th e g ro u n d -c o v e rin g in th e su n , h a v in g c le a n ed it, h a v in g sh a k e n it, h a v in g b ro u g h t it b a c k , h e sh o u ld l a y it d o w n as it w a s b e fo re .1 H a v in g d rie d th e su p p o rts fo r th e co u ch in th e su n , h a v in g w ip e d th e m , h a v in g b ro u g h t th e m b a c k , he sh o u ld p la c e th e m a s t h e y w ere b e fo re .1 H a v in g d rie d th e c o u ch in th e su n . . . th e c h a ir in th e su n , h a v in g c le a n ed it, h a v in g sh a k e n it, h a v in g lo w e re d it, h a v in g b ro u g h t it b a c k c a r e fu lly w ith o u t ru b b in g it, w ith o u t k n o c k in g it a g a in st th e d o o r o r th e p o sts, it sh o u ld b e la id d o w n a s it w a s b e fo re .1 H a v in g d ried th e m a ttre s s a n d th e s q u a ttin g m a t in th e sun , h a v in g c le a n e d th e m , h a v in g s h a k e n th e m , h a v in g b ro u g h t th e m b a c k , t h e y sh o u ld be la id d o w n a s t h e y w e re b e fo re .1 H a v in g d rie d th e p ie ce o f c lo th t o sit u p o n a n d th e sh e et in th e sun , h a v in g c le a n e d th e m , h a v in g sh a k en th e m , h a v in g b ro u g h t th e m b a c k , t h e y sh o u ld b e la id d o w n a s t h e y w ere b e fo re .1 H a v in g d rie d th e s p itto o n in th e su n , h a v in g w ip e d it, h a v in g b ro u g h t it b a c k , it sh o u ld b e p la c e d w h e re it w a s b e fo re .1 H a v in g d rie d th e re c lin in g -b o a rd in th e sun , h a v in g w ip e d it, h a v in g b ro u g h t it b a c k , it sh o u ld be p la c e d w h ere it w a s b e fo re .1 |[ 4 j| " H e sh o u ld 2 la y a sid e th e b o w l a n d ro b es. W h e n la y in g asid e th e b o w l, h a v in g ta k e n th e b o w l in one h a n d , h a v in g fe lt w ith th e o th e r u n d e r th e c o u ch o r u n d e r th e c h a ir, th e b o w l sh o u ld b e la id a sid e, b u t th e b o w l sh o u ld n o t b e la id a sid e on th e b a re g ro u n d . W h e n la y in g a sid e th e ro b e, h a v in g ta k e n th e ro b e in one h a n d , h a v in g s tr o k e d th e o th e r h a n d a lo n g th e b a m b o o fo r ro b es o r a lo n g th e c o rd fo r ro b es, h a v in g g o t th e ed ges a w a y fro m h im a n d th e fo ld to w a rd s h im , th e ro b e sh o u ld b e la id a sid e. I f d u s ty w in d s b lo w fro m th e e a s t, h e sh o u ld clo se th e eastern w in d o w s. I f d u s t y w in d s b lo w fro m th e w e s t, he sh o u ld close th e w e stern w in d o w s. I f d u s t y w in d s b lo w fro m th e n o rth , he sh o u ld clo se th e n o rth e rn w in d o w s. I f d u s t y w in d s b lo w fro m th e so u th , he sh o u ld clo se th e so u th e rn w in d ow s. I f th e w e a th e r is c o o l, h e sh o u ld o p en th e w in d o w s
1 y a tk a b k a g a m . 1 S e e a ls o M V . I . 25. 1 1 ; C V . V I I I . 7. 3.

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b y d a y , he sh o u ld close th e m b y n ig h t. I f th e w e a th e r is w a rm , he sh o u ld close th e w in d o w s b y d a y , he sh o u ld open th em b y n ig h t, I f a ce ll [209] is soiled , th e c e ll sh o u ld b e s w e p t. I f a p o rch is soiled , th e p o rch sh o u ld b e sw e p t. I f an a tte n d a n c e h a ll . . . if a fire-h a ll . . . if a p r i v y is so iled , th e p r iv y sh o u ld be s w e p t. I f th e re is n o d rin k in g w a te r, d rin k in g w a te r sh o u ld be p ro v id e d . I f th e re is n o w a te r fo r w a sh in g , w a te r fo r w a sh in g sh o u ld b e p ro v id e d . I f th e re is no w a te r in th e p itc h e r o f w a te r fo r rin sin g, w a te r sh o u ld b e tip p e d in to th e p itc h e r o f w a te r fo r rin sin g. T h is, m o n k s, is th e o b se rv a n c e for in co m in g m o n k s t h a t is to be o b se rv e d b y in c o m in g m o n k s .
II 5 II1 II

N o w a t th a t tim e re sid e n t m o n ks, h a v in g seen in co m in g m o n ks, n e ith e r a p p o in te d a se a t n or b ro u g h t fo rw a rd w a te r fo r th e fe et, a fo o tsto o l, a fo o ts ta n d , n o r, h a v in g g o n e to m eet th e m , d id t h e y re ce iv e th e ir b o w ls a n d ro b es, th e y d id n o t offer d rin k in g w a te r, t h e y d id n o t g re e t th e sen io r in co m in g m o n ks, nor a p p o in t lo d g in g s. T h o se w h o w e re m o d e st m o n k s lo o k e d d o w n u p o n , c ritic ise d , sp re a d it a b o u t, s a y in g : " H o w c a n th ese resid en t m o n k s, h a v in g seen in co m in g m o n k s, n e ith e r a p p o in t a se a t . . . n or a p p o in t lo d g in g s ? T h e n th ese m o n k s to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : " Is it tru e, as is sa id , m o n k s . . . ? " I t is tru e , L o r d . H a v in g re b u k e d th e m , h a v in g g iv e n reaso n ed ta lk , he a d d re sse d th e m o n k s, s a y in g : W e ll n o w , m o n k s, I w ill la y d o w n an o b se rv a n c e fo r resid en t m o n k s t h a t sh o u ld b e o b se rv e d b y resid en t m o n ks.
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" M onks, w h e n a re sid e n t m o n k h a s seen a n in co m in g m o n k w h o is senior, he sh o u ld a p p o in t a se a t, he sh o u ld b rin g fo rw a rd w a te r fo r th e fe e t, a fo o tsto o l, a fo o tsta n d , h a v in g g o n e to m eet h im h e sh o u ld re ce iv e his b o w l a n d ro b e, he sh o u ld o ffer him d rin k in g w a te r, a n d if h e is a b le he sh o u ld w ip e his sa n d a ls. W h en he is w ip in g his sa n d a ls, he sh o u ld first w ip e th e m w ith a d r y piece o f c lo th , a fte rw a rd s w ith a d a m p one ; h a v in g w ash ed th e p ie ce s o f c lo th fo r w ip in g th e sa n d a ls he sh o u ld sp rea d th e m on one side. A n in c o m in g m o n k sh o u ld b e g re e te d a n d a lo d g in g a p p o in te d w ith th e w o rd s, ' T h is lo d g in g p e rta in s

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to y o u . H e sh o u ld e x p la in w h e th e r it is o ccu p ie d o r u n o ccu p ie d , th e a lm s re so rts sh o u ld b e e x p la in e d , th e n o n -a lm s reso rts . . . th e fa m ilie s a g re e d u p o n as le a rn e rs , . . th e p riv ie s . . . th e d rin k in g w a te r . . . th e w a sh in g w a te r . . . th e s ta ff . . . th e fo rm o f th e O r d e r s a g re e m e n t sh o u ld b e e x p la in e d w ith th e w o rd s, T h is is th e tim e to e n te r u p o n it, th is is th e tim e to d e p a rt fro m it.'|| 2 | J [210 ] '* I f it is a n e w ly o rd a in e d m o n k (w ho is in com in g) th e n (th e re sid e n t one) s ittin g d o w n sh o u ld e x p la in : * P u t asid e y o u r b o w l in th is p la ce , p u t a sid e y o u r ro b e in th is p la ce , sit on th is s e a t . T h e d rin k in g w a te r sh o u ld b e e x p la in e d (to him ), th e w a te r fo r w a sh in g sh o u ld b e e x p la in e d , th e p ieces o f c lo th fo r w ip in g th e sa n d a ls sh o u ld b e e x p la in e d . A n d in co m in g m o n k s sh o u ld be m a d e to g re e t (him ). T h e lo d g in g s sh o u ld b e e x p la in e d to h im w ith th e w o rd s, T h is lo d g in g p e rta in s to y o u / H e sh o u ld e x p la in w h e th e r it is o c cu p ie d o r u n o ccu p ied , a lm s re so rts sh o u ld b e e x p la in e d . . . (th e fo rm of) th e O rd e rs a g re e m e n t sh o u ld b e e x p la in e d w ith th e w ord s, T h is is th e tim e to e n te r u p o n it, th is is th e tim e to d e p a rt fro m i t .' T h is , m o n k s, is th e o b se rv a n c e fo r re sid e n t m o n k s t h a t sh o u ld b e o b se rv e d b y re sid e n t m o n k s ." j| 3 |j 2 j| N o w a t th a t tim e m o n k s w h o w e re g o in g a w a y s e t o u t w ith o u t h a v in g p a c k e d a w a y th e ir w o o d e n g o o d s a n d c la y go o d s, h a v in g o p en ed th e d o ors a n d w in d o w s , a n d w ith o u t h a v in g a sk e d (for p erm ission ) a s to th e ir lo d g in g s .1 T h e w o o d en g o o d s a n d th e c la y g o o d s w ere lo s t a n d th e lo d g in g s c a m e to b e u n g u a rd e d .2 T h o s e w h o w e re m o d e st m o n k s . . . sp re a d it a b o u t, s a y in g : " H o w c a n th e s e m o n k s w h o a re g o in g a w a y set o u t . . . lo d g in g s c a m e to b e u n g u a rd e d ? " T h e n th e se m o n k s to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o r d . H e sa id : " W e ll th e n , m o n k s, I w ill l a y d o w n an o b se rv a n c e fo r m o n k s w h o are g o in g a w a y a n d w h ic h sh o u ld b e o b se rv e d b y m o n k s w h o are g o in g a w a y . j| x || " M onks, w h e n a m o n k is g o in g a w a y , h a v in g p a c k e d a w a y h is w o o d en good s, h is c la y g o o d s, h a v in g c lo se d th e d o ors a n d w in d o w s, h e m a y se t o u t h a v in g a s k e d (for perm ission) as to h is lo d g in g s. I f th e re is no m o n k , h e sh o u ld a sk a n o v ice
1 C f . P i c . 14 , 1 5 , a n d s e e B . D . ii. 2 3 8 , n . 4 . * a g u iia , a s w e r e d w e llin g - p la c e s a t C V . V I . 2 . 1.

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(for p erm issio n ).1 I f th e re is no n o v ic e , h e sh o u ld a s k a m o n a ste ry a tte n d a n t (for perm issio n ). I f th e re is n o m o n k o r n o v ice or m o n a s te ry a tte n d a n t, h a v in g la id a c o u c h d o w n on fo u r sto n e s ,2 h a v in g p ile d c o u c h on c o u c h , h a v in g p ile d c h a ir on c h a ir, h a v in g m a d e th e lo d g in g s in to a h e a p on to p 3 (of them ), h e m a y se t o u t h a v in g p a c k e d a w a y th e w o o d en go o d s th e c la y g o o d s, h a v in g c lo se d th e d oors an d w in d o w s. || 2 || , " I f th e d w e llin g -p la c e is le a k in g he sh o u ld ro o f it if he is a b le to d o so, o r he sh o u ld m a k e an effo rt, th in k in g , * H o w th en ca n th is d w e llin g -p la c e b e ro o fed ? I f he th u s su cceed s in th is, th a t is g o o d , b u t if he d o es n o t su cce ed , h a v in g la id d o w n a co u ch on fo u r sto n e s in a p la c e w h e re it is n o t le a k in g , h a v in g p ile d c o u ch on c o u ch , h a v in g p ile d c h a ir on c h a ir, h a v in g m a d e th e lo d g in g s in to a h e a p on to p (of th e m ), he m a y set o u t, h a v in g p a c k e d a w a y h is w o o d en g o o d s, his c la y good s, h a v in g clo sed th e d o o rs a n d w in d o w s. I f th e w h o le d w e llin g -p la c e is le a k in g , if h e is a b le h e sh o u ld c o n v e y th e lo d g in g s to a v illa g e , o r he sh o u ld m a k e a n effo rt, th in k in g , [2 1 1 ] ' H o w th e n c a n th is lo d g in g b e c o n v e y e d to a v illa g e ? * I f he th u s su cce ed s in th is, t h a t is g o o d . I f h e does n o t su cceed , h a v in g la id a c o u ch d o w n on fo u r sto n e s in th e o p en air, h a v in g p ile d co u ch on c o u ch , h a v in g p ile d c h a ir on ch air, h a v in g m a d e th e lo d g in g s in to a h e a p o n to p (of th em ), h a v in g p a c k e d a w a y h is w o o d en g o o d s, his c la y g o o d s, h a v in g c o v e re d th e m w ith g ra ss o r le a v e s, h e m a y set o u t, th in k in g , ' S o c a n th e d ifferen t th in g s s u r e ly re m a in .'4 T h is, m o n k s, is th e o b se rv a n c e fo r m o n k s w h o a re g o in g a w a y a n d w h ic h sh o u ld be o b se rv e d b y m o n k s w h o are g o in g a w a y . j| 3 || 3 || N o w a t th a t tim e m o n k s d id n o t g iv e th a n k s in a re fe c to ry . P e o p le lo o k e d d o w n u p o n , c ritic is e d , sp re a d it a b o u t, s a y in g : H o w c a n th e se reclu ses, so n s o f th e S a k y a n s , n o t g iv e th a n k s in a r e fe c to r y ? M o n k s h e a rd th e s e p e o p le w h o . . / sp rea d it a b o u t. T h e n th e s e m o n k s to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd .
1 C f . PS.c. 1 4 . 2 . 1 ; 1 5 , 2. 1 . * A s a p r o t e c t io n f r o m w h it e a n t s . u p a r ip u n ja tjt h a r itv a ; a b o v e , in c o r r e s p o n d in g p a s s a g e ( V I I I . 1. 3 ) u p a tip u n ) a k ita . 4 a p p * eva n a m a a iig a n i p i s ese y y u tjt . V A . 12 8 2 r e a d s sey y u tjt, w it h v./. sesey y u fft , a n d s a y s t h a t t h e a d v a n t a g e o f l e a v in g t h in g s in t h e o p e n a i r is t h a t t h e p r r t s o f b e d s a n d c h a i r s a r e n o t d e s t r o y e d b y g r a s s a n d lu m p s o f c l a y fa llin g o n t h e m f r o m a b o v e a s h a p p e n s in a l e a k in g h o u s e .

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T h e n th e L o rd , on th is o cca sio n , h a v in g g iv e n re aso n ed ta lk , ad d ressed th e m o n k s, s a y in g : I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to g iv e th a n k s in a r e fe c to r y . T h e n it o c c u rre d to th e m o n k s : " N o w , b y w h o m sh o u ld th a n k s b e g iv e n in a re fe c to r y ? T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o r d . T h e n th e L o rd on th is o cca sio n , h a v in g g iv e n re a so n ed ta lk , a d d re sse d th e m o n k s, sa y in g : " I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to g iv e th a n k s in a re fe c to r y th ro u g h a m o n k w h o is a n e ld e r . N o w a t th a t tim e a c e rta in g u ild h a d fo o d fo r a n O rd er ;x th e v e n e ra b le S a r ip u tta w a s th e e ld e r in th e O rd er. M o n k s, th in k in g , " T h e L o rd h a s a llo w e d th a n k s to b e g iv e n in a r e fe c to r y th ro u g h a m o n k w h o is a n e ld e r , d e p a rte d , le a v in g th e v e n e ra b le S a r ip u tta a lo n e. T h e n th e v e n e ra b le S a r ip u tta , h a v in g re tu rn ed th a n k s to th e se p e o p le , la te r w e n t a w a y alo n e. T h e L o rd s a w th e v e n e ra b le S a r ip u tta c o m in g in th e d is ta n c e ; seein g h im , he sp o k e th u s to th e v e n e ra b le S a r ip u tta : I h op e, S a r ip u tta , th a t th e m e a l w a s su c c e ssfu l ? 2 T h e m eal, L o rd , w a s su c c e ssfu l, e v e n th o u g h th e m o n k s d e p a rte d le a v in g m e a lo n e . T h e n th e L o rd on th is o cca sio n , h a v in g g iv e n re a so n ed ta lk , a d d re sse d th e m o n k s, s a y in g ; I a llo w , m o n k s, fo u r or fiv e m o n k s w h o a re e ld ers o r n e x t (in age) to th e e ld e rs 3 to w a it in a r e fe c to r y . N o w a t th a t tim e a c e rta in e ld er w a ite d in a re fe c to r y a lth o u g h he w a n te d to re lie v e h im self, a n d th r o u g h re stra in in g h im se lf h e fe ll d o w n fa in tin g . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd , H e s a id : I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, if th e re is a reaso n , to go a w a y , h a v in g a sk e d (perm ission fro m ) th e m o n k im m e d ia te ly n e x t 4 (to y o u ) . || i || N o w a t th a t tim e th e g ro u p o f s ix m o n k s, w r o n g ly dressed, w ro n g ly c lo th e d , [212 ] im p r o p e r ly a t t ir e d ,5 w e n t in to a r e fe c to r y a n d tu rn in g a sid e w e n t in clo se in fro n t o f m o n k s w h o w ere elders, a n d sa t d o w n e n c ro a c h in g o n 6 (th e sp a ce in te n d e d for) th e eld ers a n d k e p t n e w ly o rd a in e d m o n k s fro m a se a t an d
1 c f . c v . v . 5. 2. id d h a , a s in N u n s ' P a c . 5 6 , t h e r e r e n d e r e d " e f f e c t i v e . 3 th e rd n u tk er a . A t V A . 1 2 8 3 , D h A . ii. 2 1 1 a n u tk e r a a p p e a r s t o b e in o p p o s it io n t o m a h a th era a n d sa m g h a th era , a n d a t D h A . iii. 4 1 2 t o m a h a th era . 4 d n a n ta r ik a b h ik k h u , a s a t M V . I X . 4. 8 ; C V . V I . 10. 1 ; V I I . 3. 9 a n d V in . iv . 234. 6 A s a t V i n , i. 44. 6 a n u p a k h a jja , a s a t P a c . 1 6 , 4 3 . S e e B . D . ii. 2 4 7 , n . 3. T h i s e x p r e s s io n a n d t h e n e x t a ls o o c c u r a t M V . I . 25. 13 .

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sa t d o w n a m id th e h o u ses h a v in g sp re a d o u t th e ir o u te r c lo a k s. T h o se w h o w ere m o d e st m o n k s . . . sp re a d it a b o u t, s a y in g : " H o w c a n th e g ro u p of s ix m o n k s, w ro n g ly dressed , w ro n g ly clo th e d , im p ro p e rly a ttir e d , g o in to a re fe c to r y . . . sit d o w n e n cro a ch in g on . . . a n d s it d o w n a m id th e h o u ses h a y in g sp read o u t th e ir o u te r c lo a k s ? " T h e n th e se m o n k s to ld th is m a tte r t o th e L o rd . H e s a id : I s it tru e , as is sa id , m o n k s, t h a t th e g ro u p o f s ix m o n k s, w ro n g ly d ressed . . . h a v in g sp re a d o u t th e ir o u te r c lo a k s ? I t is tru e , L o r d ." H a v in g re b u k e d th e m , h a v in g g iv e n reaso n ed ta lk , he a d d re sse d th e m o n k s, s a y in g : W e ll th e n , m o n k s, I w ill la y d o w n a re fe c to r y o b se rv a n c e for m o n k s a n d w h ic h sh o u ld b e o b se rv e d b y m o n k s in a re fe c to ry . |] 2 || I f th e tim e is a n n o u n c e d in a m o n a ste ry , (a m o n k ), h a v in g d ressed w ith th e in n e r ro b e a ll ro u n d h im fo r c o v e r in g th e th re e c irc le s ,1 h a v in g tie d on h is w a is tb a n d , h a v in g m a d e o n e b u n d le ,2 h a v in g c lo th e d h im se lf in h is u p p e r robes, h a v in g fa ste n e d th e b lo c k ,3 h a v in g w a sh e d , h a v in g ta k e n a b o w l, he m a y e n te r a v illa g e c a r e fu lly a n d u n h u rrie d ly . H e sh o u ld n o t, tu rn in g asid e, g o in clo se in fro n t o f m o n k s w h o a re eld ers, he sh o u ld g o (sit d ow n ) a m id th e h o u ses p r o p e r ly c la d ,4 w ell c o n tro lle d sh o u ld h e g o (sit d ow n) a m id th e h o u ses, w ith e y e s ca st d o w n sh o u ld h e g o (sit d ow n) a m id th e h o u ses, n o t liftin g u p th e ro b es . . . n o t w ith lo u d la u g h te r . . . w ith little noise . . . n ot s w a y in g th e b o d y . . . n o t s w a y in g th e a rm s . . . n o t s w a y in g th e h e a d . . . n o t w ith th e a rm s a k im b o . . . n o t m u ffled u p sh o u ld h e g o (sit d o w n ) a m id th e h o u ses, he sh o u ld n o t g o a m id th e h o u ses c ro u c h in g d o w n on h is h eels, h e sh o u ld n o t g o a m id th e h o u ses lo llin g , h e sh o u ld n o t sit d o w n a m id th e h o u ses e n c ro a c h in g (on th e sp a ce in ten d ed ) fo r m o n k s w h o are eld ers, n e w ly o rd a in e d m o n k s sh o u ld n o t be k e p t fro m a se a t, he sh o u ld n o t sit d o w n a m id th e h o u ses h a v in g sp re a d o u t h is o u te r c lo a k . || 3 || " W h e n w a te r is bein g' g iv e n o u t, h a v in g g ra sp e d th e b o w l
1 S e k h iy a 1. M a n y o f S e k h iy a s 1 - 2 6 re c u r h e re . F o r n o te s , see B .D iii. 12 0 ff. 2 sa g u n a m ka tv d . C f . M V . I . 25. 9. 3 g a n th ik a , a s a t C V . V . 29. 3. 4 T h e it e m s f r o m h e r e t o " lo llin g " a r e t h e s a m e a s t h o s e o c c u r r in g a t S e k h i y a s 1 26.

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w ith b o th h a n d s ,1 th e w a te r sh o u ld be r e c e iv e d ; h a v in g p u t it d o w n c a r e fu lly 2 th e b o w l sh o u ld b e w a sh e d w ith o u t r u b b in g it. I f th e re is a re c e iv e r o f (used) w a te r, h a v in g p u t th e b o w l d o w n , th e w a t e r sh o u ld b e sp rin k le d in to a w a s te - tu b 3 th in k in g , B e c a re fu l n o t to sp la sh th e re c e iv e r o f (used) w a te r w ith th e w a te r, n o t to sp la sh th e n e ig h b o u rin g m o n k s w ith th e w a te r, n o t to sp la sh th e o u te r c lo a k w ith w a te r / I f [213] th e re is no re c e iv e r o f (used) w a te r , h a v in g p u t d o w n th e b o w l, th e w a te r sh o u ld b e sp rin k le d on to th e g ro u n d , th in k in g , B e c a re fu l n o t to sp la sh th e n e ig h b o u rin g m o n k s w ith w a te r n o r to sp la sh th e o u te r c lo a k w ith w a te r .' I f c o o k e d rice is b e in g g iv e n , h a v in g g ra sp e d th e b o w l w ith b o th h a n d s, th e co o k e d rice sh o u ld b e re c e iv e d . R o o m sh o u ld b e le ft fo r th e c u rry . I f th e re is g h e e o r oil o r tit - b it s an e ld e r sh o u ld s a y : ' O b ta in th e sa m e fo r a ll. A lm s fo o d sh o u ld b e re c e iv e d a t t e n t iv e ly 4 . . . th in k in g o f th e b o w l . . . w ith e q u a l c u r r y , a lm sfo o d sh o u ld b e r e c e iv e d a t an e q u a l le v e l. T h e e ld er sh o u ld n o t e a t u n til th e c o o k e d rice h a s b e en s e r v e d to a ll. || 4 || " A lm s fo o d sh o u ld b e e a te n a t t e n t iv e ly 5 . . . th in k in g o f th e b o w l * . . o n c o n tin u o u s a lm s ro u n d . . . w ith e q u a l c u r r y . . . n o t h a v in g ch o se n fro m th e to p ; n e ith e r th e c u r r y nor th e co n d im e n t sh o u ld b e c o v e re d u p w ith c o o k e d rice, (the m onk) d esirin g so m e th in g m o re ; n e ith e r th e c u r r y n o r th e c o o k e d rice sh o u ld b e e a te n b y one w h o is n o t ill h a v in g a sk e d fo r it fo r h im s e lf ; o th e r s b o w ls sh o u ld n o t b e lo o k e d a t ca p tio u s -m in d e d ly ; to o la rg e a m o u th fu l sh o u ld n o t b e m a d e u p ; p ieces (of food) sh o u ld b e m a d e u p in to a ro u n d ; th e d oor o f th e fa c e sh o u ld n o t b e o p e n e d if th e m o u th fu l is n o t b ro u g h t clo se ; w h ile e a tin g , th e w h o le h a n d sh o u ld n o t be p u t in to th e m o u th ; one sh o u ld n o t t a lk w ith a m o u th fu l in th e m o u th ; one sh o u ld n o t e a t to ss in g u p b a lls (of food) ; one sh o u ld n o t e a t b r e a k in g u p th e m o u th fu ls . . . stu ffin g th e ch e e k s . . . sh a k in g th e h a n d s a b o u t . . . s c a tte r in g
A c c o r d in g t o V A . 1 2 8 4 , t h e w a t e r is b e in g g iv e n f o r w a s h in g t h e b o w l, a s is c le a r f r o m t h e c o n t e x t . M o r e w a t e r is a p p a r e n t l y g i v e n a f t e r t h e m e a l f o r a g a in w a s h in g t h e b o w l, s e e J j 6 |[ b e lo w . * V A . 12 8 4 s a y s w i t h o u t m a k i n g t h e s o u n d o f w a t e r . * p a iig g a h a , a s a t C V . V . 10. 3. 4 C f . S e k h i y a s 2 7 30. * T h e it e m s in t h i s p a r a g r a p h o c c u r a t S e k h i y a s 3 1 5 5 . F o r n o te s see B . D . iii. 12 8 ff.

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lu m p s o f b o iled rice . . . p u ttin g o u t th e to n g u e . . . s m a c k ing th e lip s . . . m a k in g a h issin g so u n d . . . lic k in g th e fingers . . . lic k in g th e b o w l . . . lic k in g th e lip s, one sh o u ld n o t a c c e p t a d rin k in g c u p w ith a h a n d (soiled) w ith fo o d .
II 5 I! _

A n e ld er sh o u ld n o t a c c e p t w a te r 1 u n til e v e ry o n e h a s e a ten . W h en th e w a te r is b e in g g iv e n , h a v in g g ra sp e d th e b o w l in b o th h a n d s . . .2 \ . . n o r t o sp la sh th e o u te r c lo a k w ith w a te r .' O n e sh o u ld n o t th r o w o u t a m id s t th e h o u ses rin sin gs o f th e b o w l w ith lu m p s o f b o ile d r ic e .3 W h e n t h e y are re tu rn in g ,4 n e w ly o rd a in e d m o n k s sh o u ld re tu rn first, a fte rw a rd s [214] th e eld ers. O n e sh o u ld g o p r o p e rly c la d a m id th e h o u ses, w e ll c o n tro lle d sh o u ld one g o a m id th e h o u ses . . .5 . . one sh o u ld n o t g o a m id th e h o u ses c ro u c h in g d o w n on th e h eels. T h is, m o n k s, is th e r e fe c to r y o b se rv a n c e fo r m o n k s a n d w h ic h m o n k s sh o u ld o b se rv e in a r e fe c t o r y ." || 6 || 4 || T h e F ir s t P o r tio n fo r R e p e a tin g . N o w a t t h a t tim e m o n k s w h o w a lk e d fo r a lm sfo o d w a lk e d fo r a lm sfo o d w r o n g ly d ressed , w r o n g ly c lo th e d , im p ro p e rly a ttire d , a n d t h e y e n te red a d w e llin g w ith o u t d e lib e ra tio n a n d t h e y le ft w ith o u t d e lib e ra tio n , a n d t h e y e n te re d v e r y h a s tily a n d th e y le ft v e r y h a s tily , a n d t h e y sto o d to o fa r a w a y a n d t h e y sto o d to o close, a n d t h e y sto o d to o lo n g a n d t h e y tu r n e d a w a y to o soon . A n d a c e rta in m o n k w h o w a s w a lk in g fo r a lm sfo o d e n te re d a d w e llin g w ith o u t d e lib e ra tio n ; ta k in g (a d o o rw a y) fo r th e h o u se-d o o r, h e e n te re d a n in n er c h a m b e r. In th a t in n er c h a m b e r a w o m a n w a s ly in g n a k e d on h er b a c k . T h a t m o n k s a w th a t w o m a n ly in g n a k e d on h e r b a c k ; seein g her, h e th o u g h t : T h is is n o t th e h o u se-d o o r, th is is an in n er c h a m b e r , a n d h e w e n t a w a y fro m th a t in n e r ch a m b e r. T h a t w o m a n 's h u s b a n d s a w th a t w o m a n ly in g n a k e d on h er b a c k : seein g h er, h e th o u g h t : M y w ife h a s b e en se d u ce d b y t h a t m o n k , a n d h a v in g se ize d t h a t m o n k , h e th ra s h e d h im . T h e n t h a t w o m a n , w a k in g u p a t th e noise, sp o k e th u s
1 * 4 # V A . 12 8 4 s a y s w a t e r f o r w a s h i n g t h e h a n d s is m e a n t h e r e . A s in || 4 || a b o v e . S e k h iy a 56. I .e . l e a v in g t h e r e f e c t o r y , r is in g fr o m i t , s o V A . 12 8 4 . A s in V I I I . 4. 3.

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to th a t m an : " W h y a re y o u , m a ste r, th r a s h in g th is m o n k ? " *4 Y o u w ere se d u ce d b y th is m o n k . I w a s n o t, m a ste r, se d u c e d b y th is m o n k . T h is m o n k is in n o c e n t ,"1 a n d sh e m a d e h im le t g o o f t h a t m o n k . T h e n th a t m o n k, h a v in g g o n e b a c k to th e m o n a s te ry , to ld th is m a tte r to th e m on ks. T h o se w h o w ere m o d e st m o n k s lo o k e d d o w n u p o n , critic ise d , sp re a d it a b o u t, s a y in g : " H o w ca n th ese m o n k s w h o w a lk fo r a lm sfo o d w a lk fo r a lm s fo o d w r o n g ly d ressed . . . e n te r . . . d e p a rt . . . s ta n d , . . a n d tu rn a w a y to o soon ? " T h e n th ese m o n k s to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : " I s it tru e , as is sa id , m o n k s . . . ? " I t is tru e, L o r d ." H a v in g re b u k e d th e m , h a v in g g iv e n reason ed ta lk , he a d d re sse d th e m o n k s, s a y in g : " W e ll th e n , m o n k s, I w ill la y d o w n a n o b se rv a n c e fo r m o n k s w h e n t h e y are w a lk in g fo r a lm sfo o d a n d w h ic h sh o u ld be o b se rv e d b y m o n k s w h e n t h e y are w a lk in g fo r a lm sfo o d . || i || M onks, if a m o n k w h e n h e is w a lk in g fo r a lm sfo o d th in k s : * I w ill e n te r th is v illa g e ,' h a v in g d ressed h im s e lf 2 w ith his in n er ro b e a ll ro u n d h im so as to c o v e r th e th re e circ le s, h a v in g fa ste n e d his w a is tb a n d , h a v in g m a d e one b u n d le , h a v in g c lo th e d h im self in h is u p p e r ro b es, h a v in g fa s te n e d th e b lo c k , h a v in g w ash ed , h a v in g ta k e n a b o w l, h e m a y e n te r th e v illa g e c a r e fu lly a n d u n h u rrie d ly . H e sh o u ld g o a m id th e h o u ses p r o p e r ly c la d [2 15] . . . 2 he sh o u ld n o t g o a m id th e h o u ses c ro u c h in g d o w n on his heels. W h e n h e is g o in g a m id th e h o u ses h e sh o u ld co n sid er : I w ill e n te r in th is (fash io n ), I w ill le a v e in t h is . H e sh o u ld n ot e n te r to o h a s tily , he sh o u ld n o t le a v e to o h a s tily , he sh o u ld n o t sta n d to o fa r a w a y , h e sh o u ld n o t s ta n d to o clo se, h e sh o u ld n o t s ta n d to o lo n g , h e sh o u ld n o t tu rn a w a y to o soon. W h ile h e is s ta n d in g , h e sh o u ld co n sid e r : A r e th e y w illin g to g iv e alm s o r are t h e y n o t w illin g ? ' I f sh e p u ts asid e h e r w o rk 3 o r rises fro m h e r se a t o r w ip e s a sp o o n o r w ip es a d ish o r se ts it o u t, h e sh o u ld s ta n d s till, th in k in g : 4 I t is as th o u g h sh e is w illin g to g iv e / W h e n a lm s a re b e in g g iv e n ,
1 C f . t h e in c i d e n t r e l a t e d in P a c . 6 7 . 1 A s a t C V . V I I I . 4. 3. 8 *2 8 5 s a y s " w h e t h e r s h e is s t a n d i n g o r s i t t i n g a t h e r w o r k c o t t o n o r w in n o w in g o r g r in d in g s h e p u t s a s id e w h a t e v e r i t m a y b e t h a t s h e h a s c h o s e n .* V A . 12 8 5 r e a d s n ih k h ip a n t if t h e y p u t a s id e , w i t h v .l . n ik k h ip a t i. T h e w o r k m e n tio n e d s e e m s t o s u g g e s t w o m e n s w o r k ; b u t b e lo w , t h e d o n o r o f t h e a lm s fo o d m a y b e a w o m a n o r a m a n .

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h a v in g ra ised th e o u te r c lo a k w ith th e le ft h a n d , h a v in g u n c o v e re d th e b o w l w ith th e rig h t h a n d , h a v in g g ra sp e d th e b o w l w ith b o th h an d s, th e a lm s sh o u ld b e re c e iv e d , b u t one sh o u ld not lo o k a t th e fa ce o f th e d o n o r o f th e a lm s .1 H e sh o u ld c o n s id e r : 'A r e t h e y w illin g to g iv e c u r r y o r a re t h e y n o t w illin g ? ' I f sh e w ip es a sp o o n o r w ip es a d ish or se ts it o u t, he sh o u ld sta n d still, th in k in g : I t is a s th o u g h she is w illin g to g iv e .' W h en th e a lm s h a v e been g iv e n , h a v in g c o v e re d the b o w l w ith th e o u te r c lo a k , one sh o u ld tu rn a w a y c a r e fu lly and u n h u rrie d ly . O n e sh o u ld g o a m id th e h o u ses p ro p e rly c la d . . . one sh o u ld n ot g o a m id th e h o u ses c ro u c h in g d o w n on o n e's heels. || 2 || W h o e v e r re tu rn s first fro m th e v illa g e fo r a lm sfo o d sh o u ld m ake r e a d y a se a t, he sh o u ld b rin g fo rw a rd w a te r fo r (w ashing) th e fe et, a fo o tsto o l, a fo o ts ta n d , he sh o u ld s e t o u t a refu se bow l, h a v in g w a sh e d it, h e sh o u ld s e t o u t d rin k in g w a te r an d w a te r fo r w a sh in g . W h o e v e r sh o u ld re tu rn la s t fro m th e v illa g e fo r a lm s fo o d ,2 if th e re sh o u ld b e th e re m a in s o f a m e a l an d if h e sh o u ld so desire, he m a y e a t th e m ; b u t i f he sh o u ld n ot so d esire, he m a y th ro w th e m a w a y w h ere th e re is b u t little g reen g ra ss or h e m a y d ro p th e m in to w a te r w h e re th e re are no liv in g c re a tu re s. H e sh o u ld p u t u p th e s e a t, he sh o u ld p u t a w a y th e w a te r for (w ashing) th e fe e t, th e fo o tsto o l, th e fo o tsta n d , he sh o u ld p u t a w a y th e re fu se -b o w l, h a v in g w a sh e d it, he sh o u ld p u t a w a y th e d rin k in g w a te r a n d th e w a te r fo r w ash in g, he sh o u ld sw e e p th e re fe c to ry . W h o e v e r sh o u ld see a vessel fo r d rin k in g w a te r o r a v e sse l fo r w a sh in g w a te r o r a vessel (for w ater) fo r rin sin g a fte r e v a c u a tio n , v o id a n d e m p ty , sh o u ld se t o u t (w a ter). I f it is im p o ssib le fo r h im (to d o this) he sh o u ld se t o u t (w ater) b y sig n a llin g w ith h is h a n d , h a v in g in v ite d a co m p a n io n (to h e lp him ) b y a m o v e m e n t o f h is h a n d ; b u t he sh o u ld n o t fo r su ch a re a so n b re a k in to sp eech . T h is, m onks, is th e o b se rv a n c e fo r m o n k s w h e n th e y a re w a lk in g for a lm sfo o d a n d w h ic h sh o u ld b e o b se rv e d b y m o n k s w h en th e y are w a lk in g fo r a lm sfo o d /" 1 1 3 II 5 || N o w a t th a t tim e se v e ra l m o n k s w ere liv in g in a fo rest.
1 V A . 12 8 5 s a y s t h a t t h e d o n o r m a y b e a w o m a n o r a m a n . t o lo o k a t h i s f a c e a t t h e t i m e w h e n t h e a lm s a r e b e in g g iv e n . 2 A s a t V in . i, 1 5 7 , e t c . O n e is n o t

B O O K OF D I S C I P L I N E 304 T h e y n e ith e r set o u t d rin k in g w a te r , n o r d id t h e y se t o u t w a te r fo r w a sh in g , [216] n o r d id t h e y se t o u t a fire ,1 n o r d id th e y s e t o u t k in d lin g w o o d ,2 t h e y d id n o t k n o w th e p o sitio n s o f th e lu n a r m an sion s, t h e y d id n o t k n o w th e d iv is io n s o f th e q u a rte rs. T h ie v e s , h a v in g g o n e th e re , sp o k e th u s t o th e se m o n k s : Is th e re d rin k in g w a te r, h o n o u re d sirs ? " T h e re is n o t, frie n d s ." Is th e re w a te r fo r w a sh in g . . . . Is th e re a. fire. . . . Is th e re k in d lin g w ood , h o n o u re d sirs ? T h e re is n o t, friends/* W h a t is th e re a c o n ju n c tio n w ith to -d a y , h o n o u re d sirs ? " In d e e d , w e d o n o t k n o w , fr ie n d s . W h ic h q u a rte r is th is, h o n o u re d sirs ? In d e ed , w e d o n o t k n o w , frie n d s . T h e n th e s e th ie v e s th o u g h t : " T h e se h a v e no d rin k in g w a te r n or w a te r fo r w a sh in g , th e re is no fire, th e re is n o k in d lin g w o o d , t h e y do n o t k n o w th e p o sitio n s o f th e lu n a r m a n sio n s, t h e y d o n o t k n o w th e d iv isio n s o f th e q u a rte rs. T h e s e a re th ie v e s , th e s e are n o t m o n k s , a n d h a v in g th ra s h e d th e m , t h e y d e p a rte d . T h e n th ese m o n k s to ld th is m a tte r to th e m o n k s. T h e m o n k s to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . T h e n th e L o r d on th is o cca sio n , h a v in g g iv e n reaso n ed ta lk , a d d re sse d th e m o n k s, s a y i n g : W e ll th e n , m o n ks, I w ill la y d o w n a n o b se rv a n c e fo r m o n k s w h o are fo rest-d w e lle rs a n d W hich sh o u ld b e o b se rv e d b y m o n k s w h o are fo rest-d w ellers. || i (| M onks, a m o n k w h o is a fo re s t-d w e lle r, g e ttin g u p e a rly , h a v in g p la c e d h is b o w l in a b a g , h a v in g h u n g it on h is sh o u ld er, h a v in g a rra n g e d h is ro b e 3 o v e r h is sh o u ld er, h a v in g p u t on h is san d als, h a v in g p a c k e d a w a y th e w o o d en g o o d s, th e c la y g o o d s, h a v in g closed th e doors a n d w in d o w s, m a y le a v e 4 his lo d g in g s. I f he th in k s : ' N o w I w ill e n te r a v illa g e / h a v in g ta k e n off his san d als, h a v in g p u t th e m d o w n , h a v in g b e a te n th e m , h a v in g p la c e d th e m in a b a g , h a v in g h u n g it on his sh o u ld er, h a v in g d ressed h im se lf a ll ro u n d c o v e r in g th e th re e circles, h a v in g fa ste n e d h is w a is tb a n d . . . (as i n || 5. 2 ||) . . . he
1 C f- P i c . 5 6 w h e r e i t is a n o ffe n c e f o r a m o n k t o k i n d l e a fir e t o w a r m h im s e lf. * a r a n tsa h ita . See n . 5 a t iii. 88, a n d V i n , T e x t s i ii. 2 9 2 , n . 2. c lv a r a , n o t s p e c ifie d h e r e a s **o u t e r c l o a k " . 4 sen d sa n d o ta rita b b a m . V A , 12 8 5 s a y s v a sa n a tth d n a to n ik k h a tn ita b b a m , s h o u ld d e p a r t fr o m t h e p l a c e w h e r e h e w a s s t a y i n g .

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sh o u ld tu rn a w a y c a r e fu lly a n d u n h u rrie d ly . H e sh o u ld g o a m id th e h o u ses p ro p e rly c la d . . . he sh o u ld n ot g o a m id th e h ouses c ro u c h in g d o w n on h is h eels. || 2 | | H a v in g set o u t fro m th e v illa g e , h a v in g p la c e d h is b o w l in th e b a g , h a v in g h u n g it on h is sh o u ld er, h a v in g ro lled u p his robe, h a v in g p la c e d it on h is h e a d ,1 h a v in g p u t on his san d als, he sh o u ld g o a lo n g . M o n k s, a m o n k w h o is a fo restd w eller sh o u ld se t o u t d rin k in g w a te r, h e sh o u ld se t o u t w a te r for w a sh in g , he sh o u ld s e t o u t a fire, he sh o u ld se t o u t k in d lin g w ood , h e sh o u ld set o u t a w a lk in g s t a ff ,2 he sh o u ld learn th e positio n s o f th e lu n a r m a n sio n s, e ith e r th e w h o le or one p a rt, he sh o u ld b e co m e sk ille d in th e q u a rte rs . T h is, m o n k s, is th e o b serva n ce fo r m o n k s w h o are fo re st-d w e lle rs a n d w h ic h sh o u ld be o b se rv e d b y m o n k s w h o a re fo re s t-d w e lle rs ." || 3 || 6 |j N o w a t th a t tim e se v e ra l m o n k s w ere [2 17] m a k in g ro b es in th e o p en a ir. T h e g ro u p o f s ix m o n k s b e a t th e ir lo d g in g s to w in d w a rd (of th em ) a n d in th e o p e n sp a ce ;3 th e m o n k s w ere c o v e re d w ith d u st. T h o se w h o w ere m o d e st m o n k s lo o ked d o w n u p o n , c ritic is e d , sp re a d it a b o u t, s a y in g : H ow can th is g ro u p o f s ix m o n k s b e a t th e ir lo d g in g s . . . so th a t m o n ks are c o v e re d w ith d u st ? T h e n th ese m o n k s to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : I s it tru e , a s is sa id , m o n ks, th a t th e g ro u p o f s ix m o n k s b e a t th e ir lo d g in g s . . . c o v e re d w ith d u st ? I t is tru e , L o r d . H a v in g re b u k e d th e m , h a v in g g iv e n reason ed ta lk , h e a d d re sse d th e m o n k s, s a y in g : " W e ll th e n , m o n k s, I w ill la y d o w n a n o b se rv a n c e fo r m o n ks in re sp e ct o f lo d g in g s th a t sh o u ld b e o b se rv e d b y m o n k s in respect o f lo d g in g s. || 1 |j In w h a te v e r d w e llin g -p la c e he is s ta y in g , if th a t d w e llin g p lace is so iled , he sh o u ld , if he is a b le , c le a n i t .4 W h e n h e is c lea n in g th e d w e llin g -p la c e , h a v in g first ta k e n o u t th e b o w l and robes, h e sh o u ld la y th e m to one sid e. H a v in g ta k e n o u t
1 S e e M V . V I I I . I S . 1. # kattarada%i4a. See M V . V . 0 . 2 and V i n . ii. 76, 208. arigapa. V in . Texts iii. 295, n. 1 s a y th a t th is is " a p a rt of th e im m ediately in fron t of th e h u t or vihdra, w h ich is k e p t as an open and d a ily sw ept. . . . T h e term is a com m on one, and its m eaning d o u b tfu l/' * CJ. th is passage w ith M V . I . 25 . 14, 15, C V . V I I I . 1 . 3. See B . D . 64 for notes.

drama space, is not iv. 63,

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th e piece o f c lo th fo r to sit u p o n a n d th e sh eet . . . th e m a ttre ss a n d s q u a ttin g m a t, h e sh o u ld l a y th e m to one side. H a v in g lo w ere d th e co u ch , h a v in g ta k e n it o u t c a r e fu lly w ith o u t ru b b in g it, w ith o u t k n o c k in g it a g a in s t th e door or th e p o sts, he sh o u ld la y it to o n e sid e. H a v in g lo w ered th e c h a ir, h a v in g ta k e n it o u t c a r e fu lly w ith o u t ru b b in g it, w ith o u t k n o c k in g it a g a in s t th e d o o r or th e p o sts he sh o u ld la y it to one sid e. H a v in g ta k e n o u t th e su p p o rts fo r th e co u ch , he sh o u ld l a y th e m to o n e sid e. H a v in g ta k e n o u t th e sp itto o n , he sh o u ld la y it to one sid e. H a v in g ta k e n o u t th e re clin in g b o a rd , he sh o u ld l a y it to one side. H a v in g o b se rv e d h o w th e g ro u n d c o v e r in g w a s la id d o w n , h a v in g ta k e n it o u t, he sh o u ld la y it to o n e sid e. I f th e re are c o b w e b s in th e d w e llin g -p la c e , h e sh o u ld first re m o v e th e m fro m the (floor-) c o v e rin g . H e sh o u ld w ip e th e co rn e rs o f th e w in d o w holes. I f a w a ll th a t w a s c o lo u re d re d b e co m e s sta in e d , he sh o u ld w ip e it h a v in g m o iste n e d a ra g , h a v in g w ru n g it ou t. I f g ro u n d th a t w a s b la c k e d b e co m e s sta in e d , h e sh o u ld w ip e it h a v in g m o iste n e d a ra g , h a v in g w ru n g it o u t. I f th e g ro u n d w a s n o t tre a te d , h e sh o u ld sw e ep it; h a v in g s p rin k le d it all o v e r w ith w a te r, th in k in g : ' T a k e c a re le s t th e d w e llin g -p la c e is su llied w ith d u s t.' H a v in g lo o k e d fo r (any) ru b b ish , he sh o u ld re m o v e it to one sid e. H e sh o u ld n o t b e a t th e lo d gin gs n ea r m o n k s . . . n e a r d w e llin g -p la c e s . . . n e a r d rin k in g w a te r . . . n e a r w a te r fo r w a s h in g , h e sh o u ld n o t b e a t the lo d g in g s to w in d w a rd in th e o p e n sp a c e , h e sh o u ld b e a t the lo d g in g s to le e w a rd . || 2 || H a v in g d rie d th e g r o u n d -c o v e rin g to o n e sid e in th e s u n / h a v in g c le a n ed it, h a v in g sh a k e n it, h a v in g b ro u g h t it b a ck , he sh o u ld la y it d o w n a s it w a s la id d o w n (before). H a v in g d rie d th e su p p o rts fo r th e c o u c h to one sid e in th e su n , [218] h a v in g 'w ip e d th e m , h a v in g b r o u g h t th e m b a c k , h e sh ou ld p la ce th e m w h ere th e y w ere (before). H a v in g d rie d th e co u ch to one sid e in th e su n , h a v in g c le a n e d it, h a v in g b e a te n it, h a v in g lo w ered it, h a v in g b ro u g h t it b a c k c a r e fu lly w ith o u t ru b b in g it, w ith o u t k n o c k in g it a g a in s t th e d o o r or th e posts, he sh o u ld la y it d o w n as it w a s la id d o w n (before). H a v in g d ried th e ch a ir to one sid e in th e su n , h a v in g c le a n e d it, h a v in g
1 Cf. MV. I. 25. 16 ; CV. V III. 1 . 4.

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sh a k en it, h a v in g lo w ere d it, h a v in g b ro u g h t it b a c k c a r e fu lly w ith o u t ru b b in g it, w ith o u t k n o c k in g it a g a in s t th e d o o r or th e p o sts, he sh o u ld la y it d o w n as it w a s la id d o w n (before). H a v in g d rie d th e m a ttre s s a n d th e s q u a ttin g m a t to one sid e in th e sun , h a v in g cle a n e d th e m , h a v in g sh a k e n th e m , h a v in g b ro u g h t th e m b a c k , h e sh o u ld la y th e m d o w n as t h e y w ere la id d o w n (before). H a v in g d rie d th e p iece o f c lo th to sit upon a n d th e sh e et to one sid e in th e su n , h a v in g c le a n e d th e m , h a v in g sh a k e n th e m , h a v in g b ro u g h t th e m b a c k , h e sh o u ld la y th e m d o w n a s t h e y w e re la id d o w n (before). H a v in g d ried th e sp itto o n to one sid e in th e sun , h a v in g w ip e d it, h a v in g b ro u g h t it b a c k , h e sh o u ld p la c e it w h e re it w a s (before), H a v in g d ried th e re clin in g b o a rd to one sid e in th e su n , h a v in g w ip e d it, h a v in g b ro u g h t it b a c k , he sh o u ld p la c e it w h e re it w as (before). T h e b o w l a n d robe sh o u ld b e la id a sid e .1 W h e n he is la y in g asid e th e b o w l, h a v in g ta k e n th e b o w l in one h a n d , h a v in g fe lt w ith th e o th e r h a n d u n d e r th e co u ch o r u n d er th e c h a ir, th e b o w l sh o u ld b e la id a sid e ; b u t th e b o w l sh o u ld not b e la id a sid e o n th e b a re g ro u n d . W h e n h e is la y in g asid e th e ro b e, h a v in g ta k e n th e ro b e in one h a n d , h a v in g s tro k e d th e o th e r a lo n g th e b a m b o o fo r ro b es or th e co rd fo r ro b es, h a v in g g o t th e ed ges a w a y fro m h im a n d th e fo ld to w a rd s h im , th e ro b e sh o u ld be la id asid e. j| 3 |j I f d u s ty w in d s 2 b lo w fro m th e e a st, th e e a ste rn w in d o w s sh ould be clo sed . I f d u s ty w in d s b lo w fro m th e w e s t . . . from th e n o rth . . . fro m th e so u th , th e so u th w in d o w s sh o u ld be closed . I f th e w e a th e r is co o l, th e w in d o w s sh o u ld be o p en ed d u rin g th e d a y , clo sed a t n ig h t. I f th e w e a th e r is w a rm , th e w in d o w s sh o u ld b e clo sed d u rin g th e d a y , o p en ed a t n ig h t. I f a cell is so iled , th e c e ll sh o u ld b e sw ept* I f a p o rc h is soiled , th e p o rch sh o u ld b e s w e p t. I f a n a tte n d a n c e -h a ll . . . a fireh all . . . a p r iv y is so iled , th e p r iv y sh o u ld b e s w e p t. I f th e re is no d rin k in g w a te r, d rin k in g w a te r sh o u ld b e p ro v id e d . I f th ere is n o w a te r fo r w a sh in g , w a te r fo r w a sh in g sh o u ld be p ro vid ed . I f th e re is n o w a te r in th e p itc h e r o f w a te r fo r rin sin g, w a te r sh o u ld b e p o u re d in to th e p itc h e r o f w a te r fo r rinsing. I f he is s ta y in g in a d w e llin g -p la c e to g e th e r w ith a
1 Cf. MV. I. 25. II. * Cf. MV. I. 25. 18, 19, etc.

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senior, he sh o u ld n o t g iv e a r e c ita tio n 1 w ith o u t a s k in g th e sen ior (for p erm issio n ), h e sh o u ld n o t g iv e th e in te r r o g a tio n ,1 he sh o u ld n o t s t u d y ,1 h e sh o u ld n o t s p e a k dham m a ,2 he sh o u ld n o t lig h t a la m p , he sh o u ld n o t e x tin g u is h a la m p , h e sh o u ld n o t op en w in d o w s, h e sh o u ld n o t clo se w in d o w s. [219] I f he is p a c in g u p a n d d o w n in th e sa m e p la c e fo r p a c in g u p a n d d o w n in w ith a sen io r, he sh o u ld tu r n w h e n th e sen io r tu rn s, b u t h e sh o u ld n o t to u c h th e se n io r (even) w ith a co rn er o f his o u te r c lo a k . T h is, m o n k s, ,is th e o b se rv a n c e fo r m o n k s in resp ect o f lo d g in g s t h a t sh o u ld b e o b se rv e d b y m o n k s in resp ect o f lo d g in g s . || 4 || 7 || N o w a t t h a t tim e th e g ro u p o f s ix m o n k s, b e in g h in d e red in (th eir use o f a) b a th ro o m b y m o n k s w h o w ere eld ers, h a v in g b ro u g h t, o u t o f d isre sp e c t, a q u a n t it y o f s tic k s , h a v in g m ad e a fire, h a v in g c lo se d th e d o o r w a y , s a t d o w n in th e d oorw ay* T h e m o n ks, o v e rc o m e b y th e h e a t, n o t b e in g a b le to g e t th ro u g h th e d o o rw a y , fe ll d o w n fa in tin g . T h o se w h o w e re m o d est m o n k s . . . sp rea d it a b o u t, s a y in g : H o w can th is g ro u p of s ix m o n k s, b e in g h in d e re d (in th e ir u se o f a) b a th ro o m b y m o n ks w h o a r e eld ers . . . s it d o w n in th e d o o rw a y , so th a t m o n ks . . . fe ll d o w n fa in tin g ? T h e n th e se m o n k s to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd , H e sa id : ,f I s it tru e , a s is said , m onks, th a t th e g ro u p o f s ix m o n k s, b e in g h in d e re d in (th eir use of a) b a th ro o m b y m o n k s w h o a re eld ers , . , sa t d o w n in th e d o o r w a y so th a t m o n k s . . . fe ll d o w n fa in tin g ? M I t is tru e , L o r d . H a v in g re b u k e d th e m , h a v in g g iv e n reaso n ed ta lk , h e a d d re sse d th e m o n k s, s a y in g : M onks, on b e in g h in d e re d in (y o u r use of) a b a th ro o m b y m o n ks w h o are eld ers, h a v in g o u t of d isre sp e c t b ro u g h t a q u a n tity o f stic k s, a fire sh o u ld n o t be m a d e. W h o e v e r sh o u ld m a k e one, th e re is an o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g . A n d n or, m o n k s, h a v in g clo sed a d o o rw a y , sh o u ld y o u s it d o w n in th e d o o rw a y . W h o e v e r sh o u ld (so) sit d o w n , th e r e is an o ffen ce o f w ro n g d oin g. || x || " O n a c co u n t o f th is, m o n k s, I w ill la y d o w n an o b se rv a n c e for m o n k s a s to a b a th ro o m a n d w h ic h sh o u ld b e o b se rv e d
1 Cf. M V . I. 20 . 1 ; 82 . i ; 87 . 6, and Vin. iv . 15. 1 A s ab o v e ; an d see definition of dhamma a t Vin. iv . 15 = 22 = 200.

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b y m o n k s in a b a th ro o m . W h o e v e r g o es first to a b a th ro o m , if ash es h a v e a c c u m u la te d , sh o u ld th r o w o u t th e ash es. I f th e b a th ro o m is so iled , th e b a th ro o m sh o u ld b e sw e p t. I f th e flo o rin g 1 . . . c e ll . . . th e p o rch . . . th e h a ll in th e b a th ro o m is so iled , th e h a ll in th e b a th ro o m sh o u ld be sw e p t. C h u n a m sh o u ld b e k n e a d e d , c la y sh o u ld be m o isten ed , w a te r sh o u ld b e p o u re d in to th e w a te r-ja r. O n e n te rin g th e b a th room , h a v in g sm e a re d th e fa c e w ith c la y , h a v in g c o v e re d o n eself f r 6n t a n d b a c k , one m a y e n te r th e b a th ro o m . O n e sh o u ld n ot sit d o w n so as to e n cro a ch on (th e sp a c e in te n d e d for) m o n k s w h o are eld ers, nor sh o u ld n e w ly o rd a in e d m o n k s be tu rn e d a w a y fro m a s e a t .3 I f one is a b le , a tre a tm e n t sh o u ld be d on e in th e b a th ro o m fo r m o n k s w h o are eld ers. O n le a v in g th e b a th ro o m , h a v in g ta k e n th e c h a ir fo r th e b a th ro o m a n d h a v in g c o v e re d o n e se lf fro n t a n d b a c k , one m a y le a v e th e b a th ro o m . I f one is a b le , a tr e a tm e n t sh o u ld also b e d on e in th e w a te r fo r th e m o n k s w h o are eld ers. O n e sh o u ld n o t b a th e b e fo re th e m o n k s w h o are eld ers, [220] nor sh o u ld one b a th e a b o v e th e m . W a y sh o u ld b e m a d e b y one w h o h as b a th e d a n d is g e ttin g o u t (of th e w ater) fo r th o se w h o a re g e ttin g in to it. W h o e v e r le a v e s th e b a th ro o m la s t, i f th e b a th ro o m is s w a m p y , he sh o u ld w a s h it. H a v in g w a sh e d th e tu b fo r th e c la y , h a v in g p u t a w a y th e c h a ir fo r th e b a th ro o m , h a v in g e x tin g u is h e d th e fire, h a v in g c lo se d th e d o or, he m a y d e p a rt. T h is, m o n k s, is th e o b se rv a n c e fo r m o n k s as to a b a th ro o m a n d w h ic h sh o u ld b e o b se rv e d b y m o n k s in a b a th r o o m . || 2 |j 8 | | N o w a t th a t tim e a c e rta in m o n k w h o h a d b een b o rn a b ra h m a n , h a v in g re lie v e d h im self, d id n o t w a n t to rinse, th in k in g : " W h o w o u ld to u c h th is fo u l e v il sm ell ? A w o rm re m a in e d in h is re c tu m . T h e n th is m o n k to ld th is m a tte r to th e m o n ks. T h e y s a i d : " B u t d id y o u , y o u r re v e re n ce , n o t rinse a fte r re lie v in g y o u r s e l f ? N o , y o u r r e v e r e n c e s . T h o se w h o w ere m o d est m o n k s . . . sp re a d it a b o u t. . . . T h e n th e se m o n k s to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : Is it tru e , a s is sa id , th a t y o u , m o n k , d id n o t rinse a fte r
1 paribhan 4a * I t is d o u btfu l whether B u. has understood he explains it b y bahi jaggati, he lies aw ak e outside, V A . 1286. * C f . M V . I. 25 . 12, 13. this term :

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re lie v in g y o u r s e lf ? I t is tru e , L o r d . H a v in g re b u k e d th e m , h a v in g g iv e n re aso n ed t a lk , h e a d d re sse d th e m o n k s, s a y in g : " M o n k s, if th e re is w a te r y o u sh o u ld n o t n o t rinse a fte r re lie v in g y o u rs e lv e s. W h o e v e r sh o u ld n o t rin se, th e re is an o ffe n ce o f w ro n g -d o in g / ' |j 9 || N o w a t th a t tim e m o n k s re lie v e d th e m s e lv e s in th e p r iv y a c co rd in g to se n io rity . N e w ly o rd a in e d m o n k s, h a v in g a rriv e d first, w a ite d a n d th ro u g h re stra in in g th e m s e lv e s , t h e y fe ll d o w n fa in tin g .1 T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e s a id : Is it tru e , as is sa id , m o n k s ? " I t is tr u e , L o r d . H a v in g re b u k e d th e m , h a v in g g iv e n re a so n e d ta lk , he a d d re sse d th e m o n ks, s a y in g : " M on ks, y o u sh o u ld n o t r e lie v e y o u rs e lv e s in a p r iv y a c c o rd in g t o se n io rity . W h o e v e r d o es (this), th e re is a n offen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g . I a llo w , y o u m o n k s, to re lie v e y o u rs e lv e s a cco rd in g to th e o rd er o f a r r iv a l. || x || N o w a t th a t tim e th e g ro u p o f s ix m o n k s e n te re d a p r iv y v e r y h a s tily a n d t h e y en te red fo r c ib ly 2 a n d t h e y re lie v e d th e m selv e s w h ile g ro a n in g 3 a n d w h ile c h e w in g to o th w o o d a n d o u tsid e th e p ro p e r v essels a n d t h e y sp a t in to a v e sse l a n d th e y scra p e d th e m se lv e s w ith a ro u g h p ie ce o f w o o d a n d th e y d ro p p ed a p iece o f w o o d fo r s c ra p in g in to a ce ssp o o l ; an d t h e y le ft v e r y h a s tily a n d t h e y le ft fo r c ib ly a n d t h e y rin se d s m a c k in g th e ir lip s a n d t h e y le ft w a te r in th e sa u c e r fo r rin sin g (-w ater). T h o se w h o w e re m o d e st m o n k s [2 21] . . . sp re a d it a b o u t, s a y in g : " H o w c a n th is g ro u p o f s ix m o n k s e n ter a p r iv y v e r y h a s tily . . . a n d le a v e w a te r in th e sa u c e r for rin sin g (-w ater) ? T h e n th e se m o n k s to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : Is it tru e , a s is sa id , m o n k s ? " I t is tru e , L o r d . H a v in g r e b u k e d th e m , h a v in g g iv e n reaso n ed ta lk , he a d d ressed th e m o n k s, s a y in g : W e ll th e n , m o n k s, I w ill la y d o w n a n o b se rv a n c e in resp ect o f p riv ie s a n d w h ich is to b e o b s e rv e d b y m o n k s in p riv ie s. 1 1 2J " W h o e v e r g o es to a p r iv y , s ta n d in g o u tsid e sh o u ld co u g h ,
1 Cf. C V . V I I I . 4. -I. 1 ubbhujitva, as a t Vin, iii. 40. * nitthunanta. O r is th is " spitting ?

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and th e one s ittin g in sid e sh o u ld c o u g h to o . H a v in g la id asid e th e ro b e on a b a m b o o fo r ro b e s o r on a c o rd fo r ro b es, one sh ou ld e n te r th e p r iv y c a r e fu lly a n d u n h u rrie d ly . O n e sh o u ld not e n ter to o h a s tily , one sh o u ld n o t e n te r fo r c ib ly , one sh o u ld sta n d firm ly on th e p r i v y sh oes. O n e sh o u ld n o t re lie v e oneself w h ile g ro a n in g . . . y o u sh o u ld n o t d ro p a p iece o f w o o d fo r sc ra p in g in to a cessp ool. Y o u sh o u ld g e t rid o f it w h ile s ta n d in g on th e p r i v y sh oes. Y o u sh o u ld n o t d e p a rt too q u ic k ly , n o r fo rc ib ly . Y o u sh o u ld sta n d fir m ly on th e rin sin g shoes. Y o u sh o u ld n o t rinse s m a c k in g y o u r lip s, y o u sh o u ld n o t le a v e w a te r in th e sa u c e r fo r rin sin g (-w ater). Y o u sh o u ld g e t rid o f it w h ile s ta n d in g on th e rin sin g shoes. I f th e p r iv y is d ir t y it sh o u ld b e w a sh e d . I f th e re c e p ta c le fo r (w ood for) sc ra p in g is fu ll, th e p ie ce s o f w o o d fo r sc ra p in g sh o u ld b e th ro w n a w a y . I f th e p r iv y is so iled , it sh o u ld b e s w e p t. I f the p la s te r flo o rin g . . . if th e ce ll . . . if th e p o rc h is so iled th e p o rch sh o u ld b e sw e p t. I f th e re is n o w a te r in th e v e ssel for rin sin g -w a te r, w a te r sh o u ld b e tip p e d in to it. T h is, m on ks, is th e o b se rv a n c e fo r m o n k s in re sp e ct o f p riv ie s a n d w h ic h sh ou ld be o b se rv e d b y m o n k s in re sp e c t o f p r iv ie s ." || 3 | | 10 || N o w a t th a t tim e th o se w h o sh a re d ce lls d id n o t c o n d u c t th e m selv e s p r o p e r ly to w a rd s th e ir p re c e p to rs. T h o se w h o w ere m o d est m o n k s . . . sp re a d it a b o u t, s a y in g : H o w c a n th e se w h o sh are ce lls n o t c o n d u c t th e m s e lv e s p r o p e r ly to w a rd s th e ir precep to rs ? " T h e n th e se m o n k s to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : I s it tru e , as is sa id , m o n k s, t h a t th o se w h o sh a re cells do n o t c o n d u c t th e m s e lv e s p r o p e rly to w a rd s th e ir p re c e p tors ? " I t is tru e , L o r d . T h e A w a k e n e d O ne, th e L o rd re b u k ed th e m , s a y in g : H o w , m o n k s, c a n th o se w h o sh a re ce lls [222] n o t c o n d u c t th e m selve s p r o p e r ly to w a rd s th e ir p re c e p to rs ? I t is n o t, m onks. . . . " A n d h a v in g re b u k e d th e m , h a v in g g iv e n reasoned ta lk , h e a d d re sse d th e m o n ks, s a y in g : W e ll th e n , m o n ks, I w ill la y d o w n a n o b se rv a n c e fo r th o se w ho sh a re cells to w a rd s th e ir p re c e p to rs a n d w h ic h sh o u ld be o b served b y th o se w h o sh a re ce lls to w a rd s th e ir p re c e p to rs : || 1 || T h e one w h o sh a res a c e ll ,1 m o n k s, sh o u ld c o n d u c t h im self
1 From here to th e end of || 1 1 || see M V . I . 25 . 8-24. an d for notes see B .D . iv. 59 ff.

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p ro p e rly to w a rd s th e p re c e p to r. T h is is th e p ro p e r c o n d u c t in th is re sp e ct : h a v in g g o t u p e a r ly , h a v in g ta k e n off his sa n d a ls, h a v in g a rra n g e d h is u p p e r ro b e o v e r one sh o u ld er, he sh o u ld g iv e to o th w o o d , he s h o u ld g iv e w a te r fo r rin sin g th e m o u th , he sh o u ld m a k e r e a d y a se a t. I f th e re is c o n je y , h a v in g w a sh e d a b o w l, th e c o n je y sh o u ld b e p la c e d n e a r (the p re cep to r). W h e n h e h a s d ru n k th e c o n je y , h a v in g g iv e n h im w a te r, h a v in g r e c e iv e d th e b o w l, h a v in g lo w e re d it, h a v in g w a sh e d it p r o p e r ly w ith o u t ru b b in g it, it sh o u ld b e p u t a w a y . W h e n th e p re c e p to r h a s g o t u p , th e se a t sh o u ld b e re m o v e d . I f th a t p la c e is so iled , t h a t p la c e sh o u ld b e s w e p t. || 2 || " I f th e p re c e p to r w ish e s to e n te r a v illa g e , his in n e r c lo th in g sh o u ld b e g iv e n (to h im ), th e in n e r c lo th in g (th a t he is w earin g) sh o u ld b e re c e iv e d (fro m him ) in re tu rn , th e w a is tb a n d sh o u ld b e g iv e n (to him ) ; h a v in g fo ld e d th e m (in to tw o o r fo u r fold s), th e o u te r ro b es a re to b e g iv e n (to him ) ; h a v in g w a sh e d it, a b o w l w ith w a te r is to be g iv e n (to h im ). I f th e p re c e p to r desires an a tte n d a n t, (the la tte r) h a v in g p u t o n h is in n e r robei a ll ro u n d so a s to c o v e r th e th re e c ircle s, h a v in g b o u n d on th e w a istb a n d , h a v in g fo ld e d th e m , a n d h a v in g d ressed in th e j' o u te r robes, h a v in g fa ste n e d th e tie s, h a v in g w a sh e d , h a v in g 1 ta k e n a b o w l, sh o u ld b e th e p r e c e p to r 's a tte n d a n t. H e sh o u ld n o t w a lk to o fa r a w a y (fro m h im ), h e sh o u ld n o t w a lk to o c lo s e .f H e sh o u ld re c e iv e th e b o w l a n d its c o n te n ts . || 3 |j " H e sh o u ld n o t in te rru p t th e p re c e p to r w h e n h e is s p e a k in g . (B ut) if th e p re c e p to r is b o rd e rin g on an o ffen ce, th e n , s p e a k in g h im self, he sh o u ld w a rn h im . W h e n h e is re tu rn in g , h e sh o u ld m a k e r e a d y a s e a t, h a v in g co m e b a c k first ; he sh o u ld se t o u t w a te r fo r w a sh in g th e fe e t, a fo o t-sto o l, a fo o t-s ta n d ; h a v in g g o n e to m eet h im , h e sh o u ld r e c e iv e h is b o w l a n d ro b e, he sh o u ld g iv e b a c k th e in n e r c lo th in g (given ) in re tu rn , h e sh o u ld receive his in n er c lo th in g . I f a ro b e is d a m p w ith p e rsp ira tio n , he sh o u ld d r y it fo r a sh o rt tim e in th e s u n s w a rm th , b u t a ro b e sh o u ld n o t b e la id asid e in th e w a rm th . H e sh o u ld fo ld u p th e robe. W h e n fo ld in g u p th e ro b e, h a v in g m a d e th e co m e rs tu rn b a c k fo u r fin g e r-b re a d th s, h e sh o u ld fo ld u p th e robe, th in k in g ' M in d th e re is n o crea se in th e m id d le / T h e w a istb a n d sh o u ld b e p la c e d in a fo ld (of th e ro be). I f th e re is alm sfo o d a n d th e p re c e p to r w ish e s t o e a t, h a v in g g iv e n him w a te r, a lm sfo o d sh o u ld b e p la c e d n e a r (him ), jf 4 ||

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" H e sh o u ld o ffe r th e p re c e p to r d rin k in g -w a te r. W h e n he has e a ten , h a v in g g iv e n h im w a te r, h a v in g re c e iv e d th e b o w l, h a v in g lo w ere d it, h a v in g w a sh e d it p ro p e rly w ith o u t ru b b in g it, h a v in g e m p tie d o u t th e w a te r, he sh o u ld d r y it fo r a sh o rt tim e in th e su n 's w a rm th , b u t a b o w l sh o u ld n o t b e la id asid e in th e w a rm th . [223] H e sh o u ld la y asid e th e b o w l an d robes. W h e n la y in g asid e th e b o w l, h a v in g ta k e n th e b o w l in one h a n d , h a v in g fe lt w ith th e o th e r h a n d u n d e r th e co u ch or u n d er th e c h a ir, th e b o w l sh o u ld b e la id asid e, b u t th e b o w l sh o u ld n ot be la id a sid e on th e b a re g ro u n d . W h e n la y in g aside a ro b e, h a v in g ta k e n th e ro b e in one h a n d , h a v in g s tro k e d the o th e r h a n d a lo n g th e b a m b o o fo r ro b es o r a lo n g th e co rd for robes, h a v in g g o t th e e d g e s a w a y fro m h im a n d th e fo ld to w a rd s him , th e ro b e sh o u ld be la id a sid e. W h e n th e p re c e p to r has g o t u p , th e se a t sh o u ld b e re m o v e d , th e w a te r fo r w a sh in g th e fe e t, th ff c fo o t-sto o l, th e fo o t-s ta n d sh o u ld b e p u t a w a y . If th a t p la c e co m es to b e so ile d th a t p la c e sh o u ld be sw e p t. I! 5 I I " I f th e p re c e p to r w ish es to b a th e , he sh o u ld p re p a re a b a th . I f he w a n ts a c o ld (b a th ), he sh o u ld p re p a re a c o ld o n e ; if he w a n ts a h o t (b ath ), he sh o u ld p re p a re a h o t one. I f th e p re c e p to r w ishes to e n te r a b a th ro o m , h e sh o u ld k n e a d c h u n a m , sh o u ld m o isten c la y ; ta k in g a c h a ir fo r th e b a th ro o m , h a v in g g o n e close b eh in d th e p re c e p to r, h a v in g g iv e n him th e ch a ir fo r th e b a th ro o m , h a v in g r e c e iv e d his ro b e he sh o u ld la y it to one side. H e sh o u ld g iv e h im th e c h u n a m , h e sh o u ld g iv e him th e c la y . I f he is a b le to d o so, h e sh o u ld e n te r th e b a th ro o m . W h en he is e n te rin g th e b a th ro o m , h a v in g sm ea re d his face w ith c la y , h a v in g c o v e re d h im self fro n t a n d b a c k , he sh o u ld e n ter th e b a th ro o m . || 6 || " H e sh o u ld n o t sit d o w n so a s to e n c ro a c h u p o n (the sp ace in ten d ed for) m o n k s w h o are eld ers. H e sh o u ld n o t k e ep n e w ly o rd ain e d m o n k s fro m a s e a t. H e sh o u ld m a k e p re p a ra tio n fo r th e p re c e p to r in a b a th ro o m . W h e n h e is le a v in g th e b a th ro o m , ta k in g th e c h a ir fo r th e b a th ro o m , h a v in g c o v e re d him self fro n t a n d b a c k , he sh o u ld le a v e th e b a th ro o m . H e sh o u ld also m a k e p re p a ra tio n fo r th e p re c e p to r in th e w a te r. W h en he is b a th in g , h a v in g co m e o u t o f th e w a te r (first), h a v in g d ried his o w n b o d y , h a v in g p u t o n h is in n er robe, he sh o u ld w ip e off th e w a te r fro m th e p re c e p to r's lim b s, he sh o u ld M

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g iv e h im his in n er c lo th in g , he sh o u ld g iv e him his o u te r c lo a k ; ta k in g th e c h a ir fo r th e b a th ro o m , h a v in g co m e b a c k first, he sh o u ld m a k e r e a d y a se a t, he sh o u ld p u t o u t w a te r fo r w a s h in g th e fe e t, a fo o t-sto o l, a fo o t-s ta n d . H e sh o u ld o ffer th e p re cep to r d rin k in g -w a te r. || 7 || cc I f he w ish es to m a k e h im re cite , he sh o u ld m a k e h im recite. I f he w ish es to in te rro g a te , h e sh o u ld be in te rro g a te d . In w h a te v e r d w e llin g -p la c e th e p re c e p to r is s ta y in g , if th a t d w e llin g -p la ce is so iled , it sh o u ld be c le a n e d if he is a b le (to d o so). W h e n h e is c le a n in g th e d w e llin g -p la c e , h a v in g first ta k e n o u t th e b o w l a n d robes, he sh o u ld l a y th e m to one side. H a v in g ta k e n o u t th e p ie ce o f c lo th to sit u p o n a n d th e sh eet, h e sh o u ld la y th e m to one sid e. H a v in g ta k e n o u t th e m a ttre ss a n d th e s q u a ttin g -m a t, he sh o u ld la y th e m to one sid e. j| 8 || " H a v in g lo w ere d th e c o u ch , [224] h a v in g ta k e n it o u t c a re fu lly w ith o u t ru b b in g it, w ith o u t k n o c k in g it a g a in s t th e d o o r or th e p o sts, he sh o u ld la y it to o n e side. H a v in g lo w ere d th e c h a ir, h a v in g ta k e n it o u t c a r e fu lly w ith o u t ru b b in g it, w ith o u t k n o c k in g it a g a in s t th e d o o r o r th e p o sts, he sh o u ld la y it to one side. H a v in g ta k e n o u t th e su p p o rts fo r th e co u ch , he sh o u ld l a y th e m to o n e sid e. H a v in g ta k e n o u t th e sp itto o n , he sh o u ld la y it to one sid e. H a v in g ta k e n o u t th e re clin in g -b o a rd , he sh o u ld l a y it to one sid e. H a v in g ta k e n o u t th e g ro u n d -c o v e rin g , h a v in g o b se rv e d h o w it w a s la id d o w n , he sh o u ld la y it to one sid e. I f th e re co m e to b e c o b w e b s in th e d w e llin g -p la ce , he sh o u ld first re m o v e th e m fro m th e (floor-) c o v e rin g ; he sh o u ld w ip e th e c o m e rs o f th e w in d o w -h o les. I f a w a ll th a t w a s c o lo u red red co m es to b e sta in e d , he sh o u ld w ip e it, h a v in g m o iste n e d a rag , h a v in g w r u n g it o u t. I f g ro u n d th a t w a s b la c k e d b eco m es sta in e d , h e sh o u ld w ip e it, h a v in g m o isten ed a ra g , h a v in g w ru n g it o u t. I f th e g ro u n d d id n o t co m e to b e tre a te d , he sh o u ld sw e e p it, h a v in g sp rin k le d it all o v e r w ith w a te r, th in k in g : T a k e ca re le st th e d w e llin g -p la c e is su llied w ith d u s t.' H a v in g lo o k e d fo r (any) ru b b ish , he sh o u ld re m o v e it to one sid e. |[ 9 || H a v in g d ried th e g ro u n d -c o v e rin g in th e sun , h a v in g c le a n ed it, h a v in g sh a k e n it, h a v in g b ro u g h t it b a c k , he sh o u ld la y it d o w n as it w a s la id d o w n b efo re. H a v in g d rie d th e su p p o rts fo r th e c o u ch in th e sun , h a v in g w ip e d th e m , h a v in g b ro u g h t th e m b a c k , he sh o u ld p la ce th e m w h e re th e y w ere

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before. H a v in g d rie d th e co u ch in th e su n , . . . th e c h a ir in th e sun, h a v in g c le a n e d it, h a v in g sh a k e n it, h a v in g lo w ere d it, h a v in g b ro u g h t it b a c k c a r e fu lly w ith o u t ru b b in g it, w ith o u t k n o ck in g it a g a in st th e d o o r o r th e p o sts, h e sh o u ld la y it d o w n as it w a s la id d o w n b e fo re . H a v in g d rie d th e m a ttre ss a n d th e s q u a ttin g m a t in th e su n . . . h a v in g d rie d th e p iece o f clo th to sit u p o n a n d th e sh eet in th e sun , h a v in g cle a n e d th e m , h a v in g sh a k e n th e m , h a v in g b ro u g h t th e m b a c k , h e sh o u ld la y th em d o w n as th e y w e re la id d o w n b e fo re . H a v in g d rie d th e sp itto o n in th e sun, h a v in g w ip e d it, h a v in g b ro u g h t it b a c k , he sh o u ld p la c e it w h e re it w a s b efo re. H a v in g d rie d th e reclin in g -b o ard in th e su n , h a v in g w ip e d it, h a v in g b ro u g h t it b ack, he sh o u ld p la c e it w h e re it w a s b e fo re . [| xo |[ H e sh o u ld la y asid e th e b o w l a n d ro b es. W h e n la y in g aside th e b o w l . . . (as in || 5 j|). . . . W h e n la y in g a sid e a robe . . . th e fo ld to w a rd s h im , th e ro b e sh o u ld b e la id a sid e. ii 1111 I f d u s ty w in d s b lo w fro m th e e ast, he sh o u ld clo se th e eastern w in d o w s. I f d u s ty w in d s b lo w fro m th e w e s t , . . the n o rth . . . [225] . . , fro m th e so u th , h e sh o u ld clo se th e so u th ern w in d o w s. I f th e w e a th e r is co o l, he sh o u ld o p en th e w in d ow s b y d a y , h e sh o u ld clo se th e m a t n ig h t. I f th e w e a th e r is w a rm , he sh o u ld clo se th e w in d o w s b y d a y , he sh o u ld o p e n th em a t n ig h t. || 12 |[ I f a cell is so iled , th e c e ll sh o u ld b e sw e p t. I f a p o rch . . . an a tte n d a n c e -h a ll . . . a fire-h a ll . . . a p r iv y is so iled , the p r iv y sh o u ld b e swre p t. I f th e re is no d rin k in g -w a te r, d rin k in g -w a te r sh o u ld be p ro v id e d . I f th e re is n o w a te r fo r w ash in g, w a te r fo r w a s h in g sh o u ld b e p ro v id e d . I f th e re is no w a te r in th e p itc h e r o f w a te r fo r rin sin g , w a te r sh o u ld be tip p e d in to th e p itc h e r o f w a te r fo r rin sin g . || 13 || " I f d is s a tis fa c tio n h a s a risen in th e p re c e p to r, th e one w h o shares his c e ll sh o u ld a lla y it o r g e t a n o th e r to a lla y it, o r he sh ould g iv e h im a t a lk on dham m a . I f rem o rse h a s a risen in the p re c e p to r, th e one w h o sh ares th e c e ll sh o u ld d isp e l it or g e t a n o th e r to d isp el it, o r he sh o u ld g iv e h im a t a lk on dhamma . I f w ro n g v ie w s h a v e a risen in th e p re c e p to r, th e one w ho sh a res his c e ll sh o u ld d issa u d e h im (from th em ) o r g e t a n o th e r to d issu a d e h im (from th e m ), o r he sh o u ld g iv e h im a ta lk on dham m a . || 14 ||

B O O K OF D I S C I P L I N E 3*6 " I f th e p re c e p to r h a s c o m m itte d an o ffe n ce a g a in s t an im p o rta n t ru le a n d d e se rv e s p ro b a tio n , th e o n e w h o sh ares his celJ sh o u ld m a k e an e ffo rt, th in k in g : ' H o w th e n co u ld th e O rd er g ra n t th e p re c e p to r p r o b a tio n ? ' I f th e p re c e p to r d eserves to be se n t b a c k t o th e b e g in n in g , th e o n e w h o sh ares his cell sh o u ld m a k e an e ffo rt, th in k in g : ' H o w th e n c o u ld th e O rd er sen d th e p re c e p to r b a c k to th e b e g i n n i n g ? ' I f th e p re c e p to r d e se rv e s m anatta (d iscip lin e), th e o n e w h o sh ares his cell sh o u ld m a k e an e ffo rt, th in k in g : H o w th e n co u ld th e O rd e r in flict m anatta (d iscip lin e) on th e p re c e p to r ? I f th e p re c e p to r d e se rv e s re h a b ilita tio n , th e o n e w h o sh a re s his cell sh o u ld m a k e a n e ffo rt, th in k in g : ' H o w th e n co u ld th e O rd er r e h a b ilita te th e p r e c e p to r ? ' |[ 15 || " I f th e O rd er d esires to c a r r y o u t a (form al) a c t a g a in s t th e p re c e p to r one o f c e n su re o r o n e o f g u id a n c e o r o n e o f b a n is h m en t or one o f re c o n c ilia tio n o r one o f su sp e n sio n th e one w h o sh ares h is c e ll sh o u ld m a k e an e ffo rt, t h in k in g : H o w th en c o u ld th e O rd e r n o t c a r r y o u t a (form al) a c t a g a in s t th e p re c e p to r, o r c h a n g e it to a lig h te r o n e ? Y e t if a (form al) a c t one o f cen su re * . one o f su sp e n sio n is c a rrie d o u t b y th e O rd er a g a in st h im , th e one w h o sh a re s h is c e ll sh o u ld m a k e an effo rt, th in k in g : H o w th e n c o u ld th e p re c e p to r c o n d u c t h im self p ro p e rly , b e su b d u e d , m e n d h is w a y s, (so th a t) th e O rd er co u ld re v o k e th a t (form al) a c t ? |j 16 || " I f th e p re c e p to rs ro b e sh o u ld b e w a s h e d ,[226] th e one w h o sh a res h is ce ll sh o u ld w a s h it o r h e sh o u ld m a k e an effort, th in k in g : H o w th e n c o u ld th e p r e c e p to r 's ro b e b e w a s h e d ? I f th e p re c e p to rs ro b e -m a te ria l sh o u ld be m a d e u p , th e one w h o sh a res h is c e ll sh o u ld m a k e it u p or he sh o u ld m a k e an effo rt, t h i n k i n g : ' H o w th e n c o u ld th e p re c e p to r's ro b em a te ria l b e m a d e u p ? ' I f d y e sh o u ld b e b o ile d fo r th e p recep to r, th e one w h o sh a re s th e c e ll sh o u ld b o il it or he sh o u ld m a k e an e ffo rt, th in k in g : * H o w th e n c a n th e d y e be b o iled ? I f th e p r e c e p to r s ro b e sh o u ld b e d y e d , th e one w h o sh ares his cell sh o u ld d y e it o r sh o u ld m a k e an e ffo rt, th in k in g : H o w th en c a n th e p r e c e p to r 's ro b e b e d y e d ? ' W h e n h e is d y e in g th e ro b e, h e sh o u ld d y e it p ro p e rly , tu r n in g it again, an d a g a in , nor sh o u ld he g o a w a y if th e d rip s h a v e n o t ceased . II17 Ii " W ith o u t a sk in g th e p re c e p to r (for p erm issio n ), h e sh o u ld

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not g iv e a n a lm sb o w l to a n y o n e n o r sh o u ld h e re ce iv e an alm sbow l fro m a n y o n e ; he sh o u ld n ot g iv e a ro b e to a n y o n e n or sh ould he re ce iv e a ro b e fro m a n y o n e ; he sh o u ld n o t g iv e a req u isite t o a n y o n e n or sh o u ld h e re ce iv e a re q u isite fro m a n yo n e ; he sh o u ld n o t c u t off a n y o n e s h air, n o r sh o u ld he h a v e h is h a ir c u t o ff b y a n y o n e ; he sh o u ld n o t ren d er a se rv ic e to a n y o n e n o r sh o u ld h e ca u se a se rv ic e to b e re n d ere d b y a n y one ; he sh o u ld n o t e x e c u te a co m m issio n fo r a n y o n e n o r sh o u ld he c a u se a co m m issio n to b e e x e c u te d b y a n y o n e ; he sh o u ld not b eco m e a n a tte n d a n t on a n y o n e n o r sh o u ld he ta k e a n y one as an a tte n d a n t ; h e sh o u ld n o t b rin g b a c k a lm sfo o d for a n yo n e n o r sh o u ld h e h a v e a lm sfo o d b ro u g h t b a c k b y a n y o n e . W ith o u t a s k in g th e p re c e p to r (for p erm issio n ), h e sh o u ld n o t e n te r a v illa g e , h e sh o u ld n o t g o to a c e m e te ry , h e sh o u ld n ot le a v e th e d is tric t. I f th e p re c e p to r b eco m es ill, h e sh o u ld ten d h im fo r a s lo n g a s life la s ts ; h e sh o u ld w a it (w ith him) u n til he re co v ers. T h is, m o n k s, is th e o b se rv a n c e for th ose w h o sh are c e lls to w a rd s p re c e p to rs a n d w h ic h sh o u ld be o b se rv e d b y th o se w h o sh are cells to w a rd s p re c e p to rs ."

1118111111

N o w a t th a t tim e p re c e p to rs d id n o t c o n d u c t th e m s e lv e s p ro p e rly to w a rd s th o se w h o sh a re d th e ir cells. T h o se w h o w ere m odest m o n k s . . . sp re a d it a b o u t, s a y in g : H o w ca n th ese p recep tors n ot c o n d u c t th e m s e lv e s p r o p e r ly to w a r d s th o se w h o sh are th e ir cells ? T h e n th ese m o n k s to ld th is m a tte r to the L o rd . H e s a i d : " I s it tru e , as is sa id , m o n k s, th a t p re cep to rs d o n o t c o n d u c t th e m s e lv e s p r o p e rly to w a r d s th o se w ho sh are th e ir ce lls ? " I t is tru e , L o r d . H a v in g re b u k e d th e m , h a v in g g iv e n reasoned ta lk , he a d d re sse d th e m o n k s, s a y in g : " W e ll th e n , m onks, I w ill l a y d o w n a n o b se rv a n c e fo r p re c e p to rs to w a rd s those w h o sh a re th e ir ce lls a n d w h ic h sh o u ld b e o b se rv e d b y p recep to rs to w a r d s th o se w h o sh are th e ir ce lls. || 1 || " T h e p re c e p to r ,1 m o n k s, sh o u ld c o n d u c t h im se lf p r o p e rly to w a rd s th e o n e w h o sh a re s h is c e ll. [227] T h is is th e p ro p er c o n d u ct in th is re sp e ct : th e o n e w h o sh a re s th e c e ll sh o u ld be fu rth e re d , he sh o u ld be h e lp ed b y th e p re c e p to r in re ga rd
1 From here t o th e end of Ch. 12 is th e sam e as M V . I. 26 .

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to re c ita tio n , in te rro g a tio n , e x h o r ta tio n , in s tru c tio n . I f th ere is a b o w l fo r th e p re c e p to r b u t n o b o w l fo r th e o n e w h o sh a res his ce ll, a b o w l sh o u ld b e g iv e n b y th e p re c e p to r to th e one w h o sh ares his c e ll, o r he sh o u ld m a k e a n e ffo rt, th in k in g : * H o w th e n c o u ld a b o w l b e p ro c u re d fo r th e o n e w h o sh ares m y c e ll ? ' I f th e re is a ro b e fo r th e p r e c e p to r . . . if th e re is (another) re q u is ite fo r th e p r e c e p to r , . . H o w th e n co u ld (another) re q u isite be p ro c u re d fo r th e one w h o sh a re s m v c e ll ? ' |j 2 |j " I f th e one w h o sh a re s a c e ll b e co m e s ill, h a v in g g o t u p e a r ly h e sh o u ld g iv e to o th -w o o d , lie sh o u ld g iv e w a te r fo r rin sin g th e m o u th , h e sh o u ld m a k e r e a d y a se a t. I f th e re is c o n je y , h a v in g w a s h e d a ve sse l, c o n je y sh o u ld b e p la c e d n ear him* W h e n h e h a s d r u n k th e c o n je y , h a v in g g iv e n h im w a te r, h a v in g re c e iv e d th e v e sse l, h a v in g lo w e re d it, h a v in g w a sh e d it p ro p e r ly w ith o u t ru b b in g it, it sh o u ld b e p u t a w a y . W h e n th e o n e w h o sh a res a c e ll h a s g o t u p , th e se a t sh o u ld be re m o v e d . I f th a t p la c e is so ile d t h a t p la c e sh o u ld b e sw e p t. II 3 I I " I f th e o n e w h o sh a res a c e ll w ish e s to e n te r a v illa g e , h is in n er c lo th in g sh o u ld b e g iv e n (to h im ), th e in n e r c lo th in g (th a t h e is w earin g) sh o u ld b e r e c e iv e d fro m h im , in re tu rn , th e o u te r ro b es sh o u ld b e g iv e n (to h im ), h a v in g fo ld e d th e m (in to tw o o r fo u r folds) ; h a v in g w a s h e d it, a b o w l w ith w a te r is to b e g iv e n to h im . T h in k in g : H e w ill b e re tu rn in g a b o u t n o w , h e sh o u ld m a k e r e a d y a se a t, h e sh o u ld s e t out w a te r fo r w a sh in g th e fe e t, a fo o t-s to o l, a fo o t-s ta n d ; h a v in g gone to m eet h im , h e sh o u ld r e c e iv e h is b o w l a n d ro b e, he sh o u ld g iv e b a c k th e in n e r c lo th in g (given ) in re tu rn , h e sh ou ld re ce iv e h is in n er c lo th in g . I f a ro b e is d a m p w ith p e rsp ira tio n , he sh o u ld d r y it fo r a sh o rt tim e in th e su n 's w a r m th , b u t a robe sh o u ld n o t b e la id a sid e in th e w a r m th . H e sh o u ld fo ld u p th e ro b e. W h e n fo ld in g u p th e ro b e, h a v in g m a d e th e c o m e rs tu r n b a c k fo u r fin g e r-b re a d th s, he sh o u ld fo ld u p the ro b e, t h i n k i n g : ' M in d th e re is no c re a s e in th e m id d le .' T h e w a istb a n d sh o u ld b e p la c e d in a fo ld (of th e robe). I f th e re is a lm sfo o d a n d th e o n e w h o sh a re s a c e ll w ish es to eat, h a v in g g iv e n h im w a te r, a lm s fo o d sh o u ld b e p la c e d n ea r (him). II4 I! H e sh o u ld o ffer th e one w h o sh a res h is c e ll d rin k in g w a te r.

319 W h en he h a s e a ten , h a v in g g iv e n h im w a te r, h a v in g re ce iv e d th e b o w l, h a v in g lo w ere d it, h a v in g w a s h e d it p r o p e rly w ith o u t ru b b in g it, h a v in g e m p tie d o u t th e w a te r he sh o u ld d r y it fo r a sh o rt tim e in th e s u n s w a rm th , b u t a b o w l sh o u ld n o t be la id asid e in th e w a rm th . H e sh o u ld la y a sid e th e b o w l an d robes. W h e n la y in g asid e th e b o w l, h a v in g ta k e n th e b ow l in one h a n d , [228] h a v in g fe lt w ith th e o th e r u n d e r th e c o u ch or u n d er th e ch a ir, th e b o w l sh o u ld be la id a sid e, b u t th e bo w l sh o u ld n o t b e la id asid e on th e b a re g ro u n d . W h e n la y in g asid e a robe, h a v in g ta k e n th e ro b e in one h a n d , h a v in g stro k e d th e o th e r h a n d a lo n g th e b a m b o o fo r ro b es or th e co rd fo r robes, h a v in g g o t th e ed ges a w a y fro m h im a n d th e fo ld to w a rd s h im , th e ro b e sh o u ld b e la id asid e. W h e n th e one w h o sh a res a c e ll h a s g o t u p , th e se a t sh o u ld b e re m o v e d , th e w a te r fo r w a s h in g th e fe e t, th e fo o t-sto o l, th e fo o t-sta n d sh ou ld b e p u t a w a y . I f t h a t p la c e co m es to be so iled , th a t p la ce sh o u ld b e s w e p t. || 5 || " I f th e one w h o sh a res a c e ll w ish es to b a th e , he sh o u ld prepare a b a th . I f h e w a n ts a c o ld (b a th ), he sh o u ld p re p a re a co ld o n e ; if h e w a n ts a h o t (b a th ), h e sh o u ld p re p a re a hot one. I f th e one w h o sh a res a c e ll w ish es to e n te r a b a th ro o m , h e sh o u ld k n e a d c h u n a m , he sh o u ld m o iste n c la y ; ta k in g a c h a ir fo r th e b a th ro o m , h a v in g g o n e (close b eh in d th e one w h o sh ares a ce ll), h a v in g g iv e n h im th e c h a ir fo r th e b a th ro o m , h a v in g re c e iv e d h is ro b e, h e sh o u ld la y it to one side. H e sh o u ld g iv e h im th e c h u n a m , he sh o u ld g iv e h im th e c la y . I f he is a b le to do so h e sh o u ld e n te r th e b a th ro o m . W h en h e is e n te rin g th e b a th ro o m , h a v in g sm ea re d h is fa c e w ith c la y , h a v in g c o v e re d h im self fro n t a n d b a c k 4 he sh o u ld en ter th e b a th ro o m . || 6 || " H e sh o u ld n o t sit d o w n so as to e n c ro a c h u p o n (th e sp a ce in ten d ed for) m o n k s w h o a re elders. H e sh o u ld n o t k eep n e w ly o rd ain ed m o n k s fro m a se a t. H e sh o u ld m a k e p re p a ra tio n fo r th e one w h o sh a res a c e ll in th e b a th ro o m . W h e n he is le a v in g th e b a th ro o m , .ta k in g th e c h a ir fo r th e b a th ro o m , h a v in g c o v e re d h im self fro n t a n d b a c k , he sh o u ld le a v e th e b a th ro o m . A n d he sh o u ld m a k e p re p a ra tio n in th e w a te r for th e one w h o sh ares his ce ll. W h e n he is b a th in g , h a v in g com e o u t o f th e w a te r first, h a v in g d rie d h is o w n b o d y , h a v in g p u t on h is in n er ro b e, h e sh o u ld w ip e off th e w a te r fro m th e

12.5-7]

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lim b s o f th e one w h o sh ares th e ce ll, he sh o u ld g iv e him his in n er clo th in g , he sh o u ld g iv e h im h is o u te r c lo a k ; ta k in g th e c h a ir fo r th e b a th ro o m , h a v in g co m e b a c k iirst, h e sh ou ld m a k e r e a d y a se a t, h e sh o u ld p u t o u t w a te r fo r w a sh in g th e feet, a fo o t-sto o l, a fo o t-sta n d . H e sh o u ld offer th e one w h o sh ares a ce ll d rin k in g -w a te r. || 7 || I f th e d w e llin g -p la c e in w h ic h th e o n e w h o sh a res a cell is s ta y in g is d ir ty , if he is a b le (to d o so) he sh o u ld c le a n it. W h e n he is cle a n in g it, h a v in g first ta k e n o u t th e b o w l an d robes, he sh o u ld la y th e m to o n e sid e. . . . I f th e re is no w a te r in th e p itc h e r o f w a te r fo r rin sin g , w a te r sh o u ld be tip p e d in to th e p itc h e r o f w a te r fo r rin sin g. I f d is sa tisfa c tio n h a s a risen in th e one w h o sh a res a c e ll, th e p re c e p to r sh ou ld a lla y it or g e t a n o th e r to a lla y it, o r h e sh o u ld g iv e h im a ta lk on dham m a . I f rem orse . . . th e p re c e p to r sh o u ld d isp el it o r g e t a n o th e r to d isp el it, o r h e sh o u ld g iv e h im a t a lk on dham m a . I f [229] w ro n g v ie w s h a v e a risen in th e one w h o sh ares a cell, th e p re c e p to r sh o u ld d issu a d e h im (fro m them ) or g e t a n o th e r to d issu a d e h im (fro m th em ) o r he sh o u ld g iv e him a ta lk on dham m a. || 8 |j I f th e one w h o sh ares a c e ll h a s c o m m itte d a n offence a g a in st a n im p o rta n t ru le . . . th e p re c e p to r sh o u ld m a k e an e ffo rt, th in k in g : ' H o w th e n c o u ld th e O rd e r r e h a b ilita te th e one w h o sh ares th e c e ll ? || 9 || I f th e O rd er d esires to c a r r y o u t a (form al) a c t a g a in st one w h o sh ares a cell . . . th in k in g : H o w th e n c o u ld th e one w h o sh a res a ce ll c o n d u c t h im s e lf p ro p e rly , be su b d u ed , m end h is w a y s , (so th a t) th e O rd e r c o u ld re v o k e th a t (form al) a c t ? ' || 10 || ** I f th e ro b e o f o n e w h o sh a re s a ce ll sh o u ld b e w a sh ed . . . W h e n h e is d y e in g th e ro b e , he sh o u ld d y e it p ro p e rly , tu rn in g it a g a in a n d a g a in , nor sh o u ld he go a w a y if th e drips h a v e n ot ceased . I f th e o n e w h o sh ares a cell b e co m e s ill, he sh ou ld te n d him fo r a s lo n g a s life la sts ; h e sh o u ld w a it (w ith him) u n til he reco v ers. T h is, [230] m o n k s, is th e o b se rv a n ce fo r p recep to rs to w a rd s th o se w h o sh a re th e ir ce lls a n d w h ich sh ould be o b served b y p re c e p to rs to w a rd s th o se w h o sh a re th e ir c e lls. || 11 || 12 |[ T h e S eco n d P o r tio n fo r R e p e a tin g .

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N o w a t th a t tim e p u p ils d id n o t c o n d u c t th e m se lv e s p ro p e rly to w a rd s th e ir te a ch e rs (as in || 1 1 ||. In stead o f p re c e p to r read t e a c h e r ; instead o f one w h o sh ares a c e ll read p up il) . . . |j 1 3 1 | N o w a t th a t tim e te a ch e rs d id n o t c o n d u c t th e m s e lv e s p ro p e rly to w a rd s th e ir p u p ils . , . (as in |) 1 2 ||. In stea d o f precep to r, one w h o sh a res h is c e ll read te a c h e r, p up il) . . . ||14|| T o ld is th e E ig h th S e c tio n : th a t on O b se rv a n c e s.

In th is S e c tio n a re fifty - fiv e item s, fo u rte en o b se rv a n ce s. T h is is its k e y : W ith sa n d a ls a n d su n sh ad es, h ea d s m u ffled u p , d rin k in g w a te r, did n o t g re e t, t h e y d id n o t a sk , sn a k e , th e w e ll b e h a v e d lo o k e d dow n upon, / H e to o k off, su n sh a d e, a n d o v e r his sh o u ld er, a n d u n h u rrie d ly , w ith d ra w a l, la y in g asid e b o w l a n d ro b e, a n d su ita b le , a s k e d ,1 / S h o u ld sp rin k le ,2 a n d a b o u t w a sh in g , sa n d a ls w ith a d r y an d a d a m p 3 (cloth ), a sen ior, a n e w ly o rd a in e d one sh o u ld a sk , a n d w h e th e r o c cu p ie d , reso rts, / L earn ers, p riv ie s , d rin k in g w a te r, w a s h in g ,4 sta ff, a g ree m e n t, th e re u p o n R th e tim e, a m o m e n t, so iled , th e g ro u n d -c o v e rin g sh o u ld be ta k e n o u t, / S u p p o rts, m a ttre ss a n d s q u a ttin g m a t, a n d c o u ch a n d ch a ir, s p itto o n 6, reclin in g b o a rd , co b w e b s, co rn ers, c o lo u re d re d , b la c k , n o t tr e a te d ,7 / A n d ru b b ish , g ro u n d c o v e rin g , su p p o rts, c o u c h a n d ch a ir, m a ttr e s s ,8 p ie ce o f c lo th to sit u p o n , s p itto o n , 6 a n d reclin in g b o a rd , /
1 p u c c h ita . % O ld e n b e r g 's t e x t : a s in c e y y a ; S ia m . : d s iH c i. O ld e n b e r g 's t e x t : a lV ; S ia m , a lie n . 4 p a r ib h o ja n iy a h e r e a b b r e v i a t e d t o p a r i. 6 O ld e n b e r g 's t e x t ( a f t e r w a r d s a b b r e v i a t e d t o O .) : k a tik a n ta to ; S ia m . katika$thitam . k h e ta m a lla k a b e r e a b b r e v i a t e d t o m a lla k a . 7 O . : g e r u k a -k a la , a ka ta ; S ia m . : g e r u k d k d la h d k a ia , 8 O . : p a iip a d a h a m tn a n c a -p lth a m , J b h is i ; S i a m . : p a tip d d a k d m a tlca k a m p ith a m b h is i. M*

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B o w l a n d ro b e, a n d th e g ro u n d , th e e d g e s a w a y , th e fo ld s to w a rd s, fro m E a s t, a n d fro m W e s t, fro m th e N o r th , th e n fr o m th e S o u th , / A n d cool, w a rm , b y d a y , a t n ig h t, a n d a c e ll, a p o rch , a tte n d a n c e - a n d fire-h a ll, a n d th e c u s to m in p riv ie s , / W a te r fo r d rin k in g , fo r w a s h in g , a n d in to p itc h e rs o f w a te r fo r rin sin g F o r th e r h y th m : a n o b se rv a n c e la id d o w n fo r th o s e in co m in g . / N e ith e r a se a t, n o r w a te r, n o r m e e tin g , n o r d rin k in g w a te r eith er, th e y d id n o t g re e t, t h e y d id n o t a p p o in t ,1 a n d th e w e ll b e h a v e d sp re a d it a b o u t. / A n d a se a t fo r a sen io r, w a te r , a n d h a v in g g o n e to m e e t, d rin k in g w a te r, sa n d a ls, on o n e sid e, a n d h e sh o u ld b e g re e te d , sh o u ld be a p p o in te d , / [231] O c cu p ie d , re so rts a n d a le a rn e r, p r iv y , d rin k in g - a n d w a sh in g w a te r ,2 s ta ff ,3 a g re e m e n t, th e tim e , if h e is s ittin g d o w n b e fo re one n e w ly o rd ain e d , / H e sh o u ld g re e t, h e sh o u ld e x p la in , th e m e th o d is a s b e lo w . T h e o b se rv a n c e fo r th e se re sid e n t ones w a s p o in te d o u t b y th e L e a d e r o f th e C a r a v a n . / T h o se g o in g a w a y a n d w o o d , c l a y ,4 h a v in g o p e n e d , n o t a s k in g (for p erm issio n ), a n d t h e y w e re lo s t, a n d u n g u a rd e d , a n d t h e w e ll b e h a v e d ones lo o k e d d o w n upon* / H a v in g p a c k e d a w a y , h a v in g c lo se d , h a v in g a sk e d (fo r p e rm is sion ), so m a y h e s e t o u t, m o n k o r n o v ic e or p a r k - a tte n d a n t or la y fo llo w e r , / O n ston es, a h e a p , h e sh o u ld p a c k a w a y , a n d h e sh o u ld close, if h e is a b le ,6 o r a n e ffo rt, a n d ju s t w h e re it d o es n o t le a k , / I f th e whole le a k s to a v illa g e , a n d ju s t th e re in th e o p e n a ir,

1 * * 4 * *

O. O. O. O. O. O.

: : : : : :

panH ape ; S a m . : pan n ap e, b h o ja n i ; S ia m . : b h o ja n a m . ka tta rd ; S ia m . : kattara-m. m a tti ca ; S ia m . : m a ttik d . u s s a h a ti ; S ia m . : sa ce u s s a h a ti . s a b b e ; S ia m . : sa ce.

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So th e d iffere n t th in g s s u r e ly re m a in " : th e o b se rv a n c e fo r m o n k s w h o are g o in g a w a y . / T h e y d id n o t g iv e th a n k s , th ro u g h an eld er, le a v in g alo n e, a b o u t fo u r o r five , w a n tin g to re lie v e h im se lf, h e w a s fa in tin g : th e se are th e o b se rv a n c e s fo r th o se g iv in g th a n k s. / T h e g ro u p o f s ix m o n k s w r o n g ly d ressed a n d fu rth e r w ro n g ly clo th e d , and im p ro p e rly , tu rn in g asid e, e n c ro a c h in g o n 1 (the sp a ce in te n d e d for) eld ers, / A n d n e w ly o rd a in e d m o n k s, o u te r c lo a k s, a n d th e w e ll b e h a v e d lo o k e d d o w n upon , h a v in g d ressed w ith th e in n e r ro b e a ll ro u n d o n e fo r c o v e rin g th e th re e circles, w a is tb a n d , one b u n d le , b lo c k , / N o t tu rn in g a sid e, p r o p e r ly c la d , w e ll-co n tro lle d , e y e s c a st d o w n ,2 liftin g u p th e ro b es, w ith lo u d la u g h te r, no ise, a n d so th e th ree s w a y in g s ,3 / A rm s a k im b o , m u ffled u p , c ro u ch in g , p ro p e rly c la d , w ell c o n tro lle d , liftin g u p th e ro b es, lo u d la u g h te r ,4 little n oise, th e th re e s w a y in g s ,3 / A rm s a k im b o , m u ffled u p , a n d lo llin g , e n cro a ch in g , n o t on a se a t, h a v in g sp a re d (he sh ould) n o t, w h en w a te r , 5 h a v in g lo w ered , h e sh o u ld n o t sp la sh , / R e c e iv e r, n e ig h b o u rin g , o u te r c lo a k , a n d if c o o k e d rice it sh o u ld b e re c e iv e d , c u rry , tit-b its , fo r a ll, a n d a n e q u a l le v e l , 6 / A t t e n t iv e ly , a n d th in k in g o f th e b o w l , 7 a n d on c o n tin u o u s a lm sro u n d , e q u a l c u rry , n ot fro m th e to p , c o v e rin g s u p , a sk in g , c a p tio u s -m in d e d ly , / L a rg e , a ro u n d , d o o r, w h o le h a n d , one sh o u ld n o t t a lk ,8
1 O . : a n u p a k h a jja n e ; S i a m . : jja n a fH . a O . : - c a k k h u ; S ia m . :c a k k h u n d . 1 p a c a la n d . . . ca ld . * O . : u k h h iita c ittd , u jjh a g g i ; S ia m . : o k h h ittu k k h ittd u jjh a g g h i. * O . : n a u d a k e ; S ia m . : ca u d a k e. O . : s a m a titti ; S i a m . : s a m a h a n ti. 9 S ia m , h e r e a d d s : s a m a s iip a n c a titth ik a / n a tdva thero b h u n je y y a a sa m p a tte ca odane j sakkacarjx p a t t a s a n n l ca sa p a d a n a m ca s u p a k a m . 8 O . : n a b y a h a re ; S ia m . : n a vohare.

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b a ll, b re a k in g u p , ch e e k s, s h a k in g , s c a tte r in g lu m p s o f b o iled rice, / A n d th en p u ttin g o u t th e to n g u e , s m a c k in g th e lip s, m a k in g a h issin g so u n d , lic k in g th e fingers, th e b o w l, th e lip s, a c c e p tin g w ith w h a t is so iled , / U n til e v e r y o n e ,1 w h en w a te r ,1 h a v in g lo w ered , he sh o u ld not sp la sh , re ce iv e r, n e ig h b o u rin g , o u te r c lo a k , a n d h a v in g lo w ere d on th e g ro u n d , / W ith lu m p s o f b o iled rice, w h en re tu rn in g , p ro p e rly cla d , cro u ch in g ; th is re fe c to ry -o b se rv a n c e w a s la id d o w n b y th e dham m a- k in g . / W r o n g ly d ressed , im p ro p e rly , a n d w ith o u t d e lib e r a tio n ,2 h a s tily , fa r, clo se, lo n g, soon, here ju s t th o se w h o w a lk fo r a lm s. / [232] H e m a y g o p ro p e rly c la d ,3 w ell c o n tr o lle d ,4 his e y e s east d o w n ,4 liftin g u p th e ro b es, w ith lo u d la u g h te r, n oise, a n d so th e th ree sw a y in g s, / A rm s a k im b o , m u ffled u p , c ro u c h in g , a n d h a v in g co n sid ered , h a s tily , far, clo se, lo n g , soon, a little s e a t, a sp o o n , / O r a d ish a n d if sh e se ts it o u t, h a v in g ra ised (and) h a v in g u n c o v e re d ,5 (th e alm s) m a y b e re c e iv e d , he sh o u ld n ot lo o k a t, a n d th a t is a b o u t cu rries a s b e fo re , / A m o n k sh o u ld c o v e r w ith th e o u te r c lo a k , h e sh o u ld go p ro p e rly clad, w ell c o n tro lle d , a n d th e e y e s c a s t d o w n , liftin g u p th e robes, a n d w ith lo u d la u g h te r , / L ittle noise, th e th re e s w a y in g s , a rm s a k im b o , m u ffle d up, cro u ch in g, th e first th e se a t, th e re fu se (tu b ), d rin k in g w a te r, w a sh in g w a te r,
O . : y d v a n a sabbe, u d a k e ; S i a m . : n a td v a y d v a n a sabbe. O . : a s a lla k k h e ca sa h a sd ; S i a m . : a s a lla k k h e tv d sa h a sd . O . : p a tic c h a n n e n a ; S ia m , p a tic c h a n n o va. O . : su sa rn v u t o k k h itta c a k k h u ; S i a m . : s a m v u t o k k h itta c a k k h u n d . O . : patidttietva ; S t a m . : p a n a m a k d , p a iicch a n n e v a .

325 the la s t if he so d esires m a y e a t, it m a y b e th ro w n in to , he sh o u ld re m o v e , / H e sh o u ld p u t a w a y , he sh o u ld sw eep , i f e m p ty (and) d e p le te d he sh o u ld a tte n d (to th em ) b y a sign w ith th e h a n d , he sh o u ld n o t b re a k in to a n d th e o b se rv a n c e fo r th o se w h o w a lk fo r alm s. / D rin k in g w a te r, w a sh in g w a te r, lire, k in d lin g w o o d a n d lu n a r m an sio n s (and) q u a rte rs (and) th ie v e s, th in k in g , th e re is n o th in g h a v in g th ra s h e d (th em ), a b o w l, on th e sh o u ld er, th e n th e ro b e, / " N o w , h a v in g h u n g on th e sh o u ld er, th e th re e circles, all ro u n d , as is th e o b se rv a n c e fo r those, w h o w a lk fo r a lm s so are th e m e a n in g s in th a t fo r fo re st-d w e lle rs. / A bo w l, on th e sh o u ld er, ro b e, on th e h e a d , a n d h a v in g p u t on, d rin k in g w a te r, w a sh in g w a te r, fire, a n d a lso k in d lin g w o o d , a sta ff, / L u n a r m a n sio n s, o r th e ir p o sitio n s, h e sh o u ld b ecom e sk illed in th e q u a rte rs ; th e o b se rv a n c e w a s la id d o w n fo r th e se fo re st-d w e lle rs b y th e B est o f T e a c h e rs. / In th e op en a ir, t h e y w ere c o v e re d , a n d th e w e ll b e h a v e d lo o ked dow n upon. 1 f a d w e llin g -p la c e is so iled , first th e b o w l a n d ro b e, / M attress a n d s q u a ttin g -m a t, co u ch , a n d c h a ir, s p itto o n , reclin in g b o a rd (and) w in d o w co rn ers, red c o lo u rin g , b la c k , n o t tre a te d , / R u b b ish , n e a r m o n k s, lo d g in g s, d w e llin g -p la c e , d rin k in g w a te r, n ear w a sh in g w a te r, a n d to w in d w a rd in th e o p e n sp a c e , / T o le e w a rd , c o v e rin g , s u p p o rts a n d c o u c h ,2 ch air, m a ttre ss, p ie ce o f c lo th to sit u p o n , sp itto o n , a n d re clin in g b o a rd , / A n d b o w l a n d ro b e on th e g ro u n d , th e e d g e s a w a y fro m , th e fo ld to w a rd s, an d th e H a st, th e W e s t, th e N o rth , th e n th e S o u th , / A n d cool and w a rm , b y d a y (and) a t n ig h t, a n d a c e ll, a p o rch , a tte n d a n ce - a n d fire-h a ll, a p r iv y , d rin k in g w a te r , /
1 O . : h a tih iv ik a r e , b h in d e y y a ; S ia m . : ha tth a ka re n a b h in d e y y a . a O . : tn a n ce ca ; S i a m . : m a n ca k a rn .

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P itc h e r o f rin sin g w a te r , sen io rs, r e c ita tio n (and) in te rro g a tio n , stu d y / dham m a , a n d a lig h t, he sh o u ld (not) e x tin g u ish , he sh o u ld n ot o p en , n o r sh o u ld h e clo se, / W h e n th e sen io r tu rn s , he sh o u ld n o t to u c h h im e v e n w ith a co rn er ; th e G re a t S a g e la id d o w n th is o b s e rv a n c e fo r lo d g in g s. / I f t h e y a re b e in g h in d e re d , d o o r w a y , fa in tin g , th e w e ll b e h a v e d lo o k d o w n u p o n , [233] he sh o u ld th r o w o u t th e a sh es, b a th ro o m , a n d flo o rin g as b e fo re , / C e ll (and) p o rch , h a ll, c h u n a m (and) c la y (and) ja r , fa ce, in fro n t, n o t (e n cro a ch in g on) eld ers, n o r 2 n e w ly o rd ain e d , if h e is a b le , / In fro n t, a b o v e , a w a y , s w a m p y , c la y , a lit t le c h a ir, a n d h a v in g e x tin g u ish e d , h e m a y d e p a rt :3 th e o b se rv a n c e fo r th o se in b a th ro o m s. / H e d id n o t rinse, a c c o rd in g to s e n io r ity a n d in o rd er, a n d he fe ll d o w n , h a s tily , fo r c ib ly ,4 g ro a n in g , to o th w o o d , t h e y r e lie v e d th e m se lv e s, s p ittin g , / R o u g h , cessp oo l, h a s tily , fo r c ib ly , sm a c k in g , t h e y le f t ,5 o u tsid e a n d in sid e o n e sh o u ld c o u g h , a co rd , a n d u n h u rrie d ly , / H a s tily , fo r c ib ly , g r o a n in g ,6 to o th w o o d , a n d re lie v in g on eself, s p ittin g , ro u g h , a n d cessp o o l, p r i v y shoes, / N o t to o h a s tily , fo r c ib ly , sh o es, s m a c k in g th e lip s, one sh o u ld n o t le a v e , one sh o u ld n o t 2 g e t rid o f, d ir t y ,7 a n d a b o u t th e r e c e p ta c le ,8 / P r iv y , p la s te r flo o rin g, a n d c e ll, p o rc h , a n d w a te r in th e p itc h e r fo r rin sin g w a te r : th e o b se rv a n ce in th e p riv ie s a re th e s e . /
1 O . : -p a r ip u c c h a n d , s a jjh d , j d h a m m o , p a d lp a n ca v ijjh a p e n a v iv a re , n a p i tk a k e ; S ia m . : p a r ip u c c h a n d / s a jjh d d h a m m o p a d lp a H ca n a v iv a re n a ca th a k e. I * S ia m , o m it s n a . * O . : v ijjh d p e t v a c a , p a k k a tn e ; S i a m . : v ijjh a p e tv d th a k etv d ca. O . r e a d s u p p a j j i f o r u b b h u jitv d , a n d in t h e lin e b e lo w u b b h a jjh i ; S ia m . u b b h u ji in b o t h p la c e s . * O . : sethen a . A t V I I I . 10. 2 t h e c o r r e s p o n d in g w o r d is s e s e n ti. S i a m . : sesa kan t. * O . : sa h a sd u b b h a jjiiv a n a ; S ia m . : s a h a s d u b b h u ji th ite . O . : u h a n a t p r e s u m a b ly f o r u h a td o f V I I I . 10. 3 ; S i a m . : iih a n d . O . : p id h a r e n a ca ; S ia m . : p ith a r e n a ca .

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S an d als, to o th w o o d , a n d w a te r fo r rin sin g th e m o u th , a se a t, co n je y, w a te r, h a v in g w a sh e d , h e sh o u ld re m o v e , soiled , a n d v illa g e , / In n er c lo th in g , w a is tb a n d , fo ld , a b o w l w ith w a te r, a tte n d a n t, a n d p re c is e ly th e th re e c irc le s , a ll ro u n d , w a is t band, / F o ld , h a v in g w a sh e d , a tte n d a n t, n o t to o fa r a w a y , he sh o u ld re ce iv e , w h ile h e is s p e a k in g , o ffen ce, g o in g first, a s e a t, / W a te r, (foot-) sto o l a n d s ta n d , h a v in g gon e to m e e t, in n er clo th in g , in th e sun , h e la id a sid e, crea se, in a fo ld , le t h im e a t, he m a y p la c e ,1 D rin k in g w a te r, w a te r, lo w e re d , fo r a m o m e n t, b u t he sh o u ld n o t la y a sid e, b o w l on th e g ro u n d a n d ro b es, ed ges a w a y , fo ld to w a rd s , J H e sh o u ld re m o v e , h e sh o u ld p u t a w a y , a n d so iled , t o b a th e , cold, h o t, b a th ro o m , c h u n a m , c la y , b e h in d , / A n d c h a ir, ro b e, c h u n a m , c la y , if h e is a b le , fa c e , fro n t, eld ers, n e ith e r, a n d p re p a ra tio n , w h en le a v in g , / F ro n t, in th e w a te r, w h e n b a th in g , h a v in g d ressed , th e p re cep to r, an d th e in n e r c lo th in g , o u te r c lo a k , c h a ir, a n d a b o u t a se a t, / F o o ts to o l a n d s ta n d , d rin k in g w a te r , r e c ita tio n , in te rro g a tio n , if so ile d h e sh o u ld cle a n i t ,2 first th e b o w l a n d ro b es / P iece o f c lo th to s it u p o n a n d sh e et, a n d th e m a ttre s s an d s q u a ttin g m a t, co u ch , c h a ir, s u p p o rts, sp itto o n , a n d th e re clin in g b o a rd , / G ro u n d - (co verin g ), c o b w e b s, w in d o w s, red , b la c k , n o t tre a te d , g ro u n d -c o v e rin g , su p p o rts, c o u c h , c h a ir, m a ttre ss , / P iece o f c lo th t o sit u p o n a n d sh e et, s p itto o n a n d re clin in g b o a rd , b o w l a n d ro b e, [234] fro m th e E a s t, a n d fro m th e W e s t, fro m th e N o r th , a n d th e n fro m th e S o u th , / A n d c o o l a n d w a rm , b y d a y a n d n ig h t, a n d a cell, p o rch , a tte n d a n c e - a n d fire-h a ll, p r iv y , d rin k in g w a te r, w a te r fo r w a sh in g , /
1 n a m e , fo r u p a n d m eta b b o a t t h e e n d o f V I I I . 11. 4. a O ld e n b e r g u k ld p a m s u so d h e y y a ; S i a m . : u k l d p u s s a h a m so d h ey y a .

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P itc h e r of w a te r fo r rin sin g , d is s a tis fa c tio n , rem o rse, a n d w ro n g v ie w , im p o rta n t (rule ),1 th e b e g in n in g , m anatta , r e h a b ilita tio n , ce n su re , g u id a n c e ,2 / B a n is h m e n t, re co n c ilia tio n , a n d su sp e n sio n , if it is c a rrie d o u t, he sh o u ld w a sh , a n d h e sh o u ld m a k e u p , th e d y e , h e * sh o u ld d y e , tu rn in g it, / A n d b o w l, a n d a lso ro b e, a n d a re q u is ite , c u ttin g off, se rv ic e , co m m issio n , a tte n d a n t, a lm sfo o d , e n te rin g , / N o r to a c e m e te ry , a n d a lso fro m a d is tr ic t, he sh o u ld a tte n d him fo r as lo n g as life la s ts ; th is is th e o b se rv a n c e fo r one w h o sh a re s a c e ll. T h e s e are fo r a p re c e p to r : / E x h o r ta tio n , in stru c tio n , re c ita tio n , in te rro g a tio n , a n d b o w l, robe, a n d re q u isite , ill, h e sh o u ld n o t b e a n a t t e n d a n t .3 / T h e se o b se rv a n c e s fo r p re c e p to rs a re a lso so fo r te a c h e rs ; as a re th e o b se rv a n c e s fo r th o se w h o sh a re a c e ll, so th e y are fo r p u p ils. / T h o se o b se rv a n c e s fo r in c o m in g o n es, a n d a g a in fo r re sid e n t ones, th o se g o in g a w a y , th o se g iv in g th a n k s , in a r e fe c to r y , those w a lk in g fo r a lm sfo o d , / T h a t o b se rv a n c e fo r fo re st-d w e lle rs, a n d a lso th a t fo r lo d g in g s, In a b a th ro o m , a p r iv y , a n d th o se fo r p re c e p to rs a n d th o se w h o sh are th e ir cells, / (As is) th a t o b se rv a n c e fo r te a c h e rs , so is it fo r p u p ils. N in eteen m a tte rs a re sp o k en o f in s ix te e n se c tio n s. / B e in g im p e rfect in o b se rv a n c e o n e d o es n o t p e rfe c t m o r a lity , Im p u re in m o ra lity , o f p o o r w isd o m , o n e k n o w s n ot onepo in ted n ess o f m in d , / T h e m in d w a v e rin g , n o t o n e -p o in te d , sees n o t dham m a r ig h tly , not seein g tru e dham m ay one is n o t fre ed fro m ill. / B e in g p e rfe ct in o b se rv a n c e , on e p e rfe c ts m o r a lity to o , p u re in m o ra lity , w ith w isd o m , one k n o w s to o o n e -p o in te d n e ss o f m in d , /
1 O ld e n b e r g d ca m a n a m a n a b h ir a ti k u k k u c c a r n d itth i ca g a r u ; a cam a -a n a b h ir a ti k u k k u cca rn d itth ik d g a r u . * O ld e n b e r g h a s n iy a s a k a a b o v e , l o r n is s a y a . S ia m , n iy a ssa k a rji. A . i. 99 w h e r e n iy a s sa k a m m a s h o u ld r e a d n is s a y a k * O ld e n b e r g r e a d s n a p a c c h a s a m a p o sa v e ; S i a m , bha ve. S ia m . : C f . a ls o

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T h e m in d iin w a v e rin g , o n e-p o in ted , r ig h tly sees dham m a to o , b eh o ld in g tru e dham m a , o n e is fre ed fro m ill. / W h erefo re th e w a tc h fu l son o f th e C o n q u e ro r sh o u ld fu lfil th e o b se rv a n ce , th e e x h o rta tio n o f th e b e st o f B u d d h a s h en ce h e w ill co m e to n ib b a n a . / [235]

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IX

A t o n e tim e 1 th e A w a k e n e d O ne, th e L o r d w a s s ta y in g a t S a v a t t h i in th e E a s te r n M o n a s te ry in th e lo n g h o u se o f M ig a ra 's m o th er. N o w a t th a t tim e th e L o r d w a s s ittin g d o w n su r ro u n d e d b y an O rd e r o f m o n k s on a n O b se rv a n c e d a y . T h e n , w h e n th e n ig h t w a s fa r sp e n t, a s th e first w a tc h w a s w a n in g , th e v e n e ra b le A n a n d a , risin g fro m h is se a t, h a v in g a rra n g e d h is u p p e r ro b e o v e r orie sh o u ld er, h a v in g s a lu te d th e L o rd w ith jo in e d p a lm s, sp o k e th u s to th L o r d : " L o rd , th e n ig h t is fa r sp e n t, th e first w a tc h is w a n in g ; th e O rd e r o f m o n k s h a s b een s ittin g d o w n fo r a lo n g tim e ; L o rd , le t th e L o r d re c ite th e P a tim o k k h a to th e m o n k s . 2 W h e n he h a d sp o k e n th u s th e L o r d b e c a m e sile n t. A n d w h en th e n ig h t w a s fa r sp e n t, a s th e m id d le w a tc h w a s w a n in g , th e v e n e ra b le A n a n d a a se co n d tim e risin g fro m his se a t, h a v in g a rra n g e d . . . sp o k e th u s to th e L o r d : " L o rd , th e n ig h t is fa r sp e n t, th e m id d le w a tc h is w a n in g ; . . . re c ite th e P a tim o k k h a to th e m o n k s ." A n d a se co n d tim e th e L o rd b e c a m e sile n t. A n d w h e n th e n ig h t w a s fa r sp en t, a s th e la s t w a tc h w a s w a n in g , w h e n th e su n h a d risen a n d th e n ig h t h a d a fa ce o f g la d n e s s ,3 a th ir d tim e d id th e v e n e ra b le A n a n d a , risin g fro m h is se a t, h a v in g a rra n g e d . . . s p e a k th u s t o th e L o r d : L o rd , th e n ig h t is fa r sp e n t, th e la s t w a tc h is w a n in g ; th e su n h a s risen, th e n ig h t h a s a fa c e o f g la d n e ss ; th e O rd e r o f m o n k s h a s b een s ittin g d o w n fo r a lo n g tim e ; L o rd , let th e L o rd re cite th e P a tim o k k h a to th e m o n k s / '

A nanda, the assem bly is not e n tire ly p u re .4 | |I | |

T h e n it o ccu rre d to th e v e n e ra b le M o g g a lla n a th e G r e a t :
T h e w h o le o f t h is e p is o d e o c c u r s a ls o a t A . i v . 204 f f . t U d . 5 1 ff. * Q u o t e d a t K h A . 1 1 4 ; a n d a t D A . 2 2 7 8, a n d V v A . 5 2 , t o " f o r a lo n g t im e , * a s a n e x a m p le o f k h a y a . w a n in g . C f. M V . V I I I . 13. 2 ; U d . iz7 . * I . e . t h e r e is s o m e m o n k in i t w h o h a s n o t c o n fe s s e d a n o ffe n c e w h ic h h e h a s c o m m it t e d .

331 N o w , on a c c o u n t o f w h ic h in d iv id u a l d id - th e L o rd sp e a k th u s : A n a n d a , th e a ss e m b ly is n ot e n tir e ly p u re ' ? T h e n th e v e n e ra b le M o g g a lla n a th e G re a t w ith his m in d co m p a ssed th e m ind s of th e e n tire O rd er o f m o n k s. T h e n th e v e n e ra b le M o g g a lla n a th e G r e a t sa w th a t in d iv id u a l s ittin g in th e m id st o f th e O rd er o f m o n k s o f b a d m o ra l h a b it ,1 d e p ra v e d in c h a ra c te r, o f im p u re an d su sp icio u s b e h a v io u r ,2 o f co n cea le d a c tio n s ,3 n ot a (true) reclu se (alth o u g h ) p re te n d in g to b e a (true) reclu se, n o t a fa rer o f th e B ra h m a -fa rin g (although ) p re te n d in g to b e a fa rer o f th e B ra h m a -fa rin g , ro tte n w ith in , filled w ith d e sire ,4 filth y b y n a tu re ; se e in g h im , he a p p ro a c h e d th a t in d iv id u a l, [236] h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d , he sp o k e th u s to th a t in d iv id u a l : " G e t up, y o u r re v e ren ce , th e L o rd h a s seen y o u ; fo r y o u th ere is n o c o m m u n io n 5 to g e th e r w ith th e m o n k s ." W h e n h e h a d sp o k e n th u s th a t in d iv id u a l b e c a m e sile n t. A n d a seco n d tim e. . . . A n d a th ir d tim e th e v e n e ra b le M o g g a lla n a th e G re a t sp o k e th u s to th a t in d iv id u a l : " G e t u p , y o u r re v e ren ce . . . fo r y o u th e re is no co m m u n io n to g e th e r w ith th e m o n k s . A n d a th ir d tim e th a t in d iv id u a l b e c a m e silen t. T h e n th e v e n e ra b le M o g g a lla n a th e G re a t, h a v in g ta k e n th a t in d iv id u a l b y th e arm , h a v in g th ru s t h im o u t th ro u g h th e p o rch o f th e g a te w a y , h a v in g sh o t th e b o lt ,6 a p p ro a c h e d th e L o f d ; h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d , h e sp o k e th u s to th e L o r d : L o rd I h a v e th ru s t t h a t in d iv id u a l o u t ; th e c o m p a n y is e n tire ly p u re ; L o rd , le t th e L o r d re c ite th e P a tim o k k h a to th e m on ks/* H o w stra n g e , M o g g a lla n a , h o w w o n d e rfu l, M o g g a lla n a , th a t th a t fo o lish m a n sh o u ld h a v e w a ite d e v e n u n til he w a s ta k e n h o ld o f b y th e a r m . || 2 [| T h e n th e L o r d a d d ressed th e m o n k s ,7 s a y in g : " M onks,
1 F o r t h is s e t o f e p it h e t s c f. A . i. 10 8 , 1 2 6 , ii. 2 3 9 , i v . 2 0 1 , 2 0 5, P u g . p p . 2 7 , 36 ; U d . 52 ; S . i v . 1 8 0 - 1 . fl S . i. 6 6 , T h a g . 2 7 7 ; c f . D k A . iii. 4 8 5. 3 S n . 12 7. 4 D e fin e d a t V i n . i v . 2 1 4 , 2 2 1 , 2 3 3 ( B . D . iii. 1 6 1 , 1 7 4 , 1 9 6 ) . 5 sa m v d sa . C f . d e fin it io n a t V in . i v . 3 1 5 , a n d d e fin it io n o f '* t o b e in c o m m u n io n a t V i n i v . 1 3 8 , 2 1 4 . A ls o see P a c . 69. s u c ig h a iik a m d atva , c f. C V . V . 14. 3 . T h i s e p is o d e is r e fe r r e d t o a t S n A . 3 12 . 7 A t A . i v . 19 8 t h i s d e s c r ip t io n o f t h e o c e a n is a s c r ib e d t o t h e a su ra c h ie f , P a hardda.

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th ere are th ese e ig h t stra n g e a n d w o n d e rfu l th in g s a b o u t th e g re a t o c e a n ,1 fro m c o n s ta n tly h a v in g seen w h ic h asnras2 d e lig h t in th e g r e a t o cea n . W h a t are th e e ig h t ? T h e g re a t o cean , m o n k s, d eep en s g r a d u a lly , slo p es g r a d u a lly , sh e lv e s g ra d u a lly , w ith n o a b ru p tn e ss lik e a p re c ip ic e . A n d m o n ks,, th a t th e g r e a t o cea n d eep en s g r a d u a lly , slo p es g r a d u a lly , sh e lv e s g r a d u a lly w ith n o a b ru p tn e ss lik e a p re c ip ic e th is, m o n k s, is th e first stra n g e a n d w o n d e rfu l th in g a b o u t th e g re a t o cea n from c o n s ta n tly h a v in g seen w h ic h asuras d e lig h t in th e g r e a t ocean. " A n d a g a in , m o n k s, th e g r e a t o c e a n is s ta b le , it d o es not o v e rflo w its m a rg in s .3 A n d , m o n k s, t h a t th e g re a t o cea n is sta b le , th a t it d o es n o t o v e rflo w its m a rg in s th is, m o n k s, is th e seco n d s tra n g e a n d w o n d e rfu l th in g . . . . A n d a g a in , m o n k s, th e g r e a t o cea n d o es n o t a ss o c ia te w ith a d e a d b o d y , a co rp se. W h a te v e r d e a d b o d y , c o rp se th ere m a y b e in th e g re a t o cea n , t h a t it ju s t q u ic k ly fo rces ash o re a n d pu sh es on to th e d r y la n d .4 T h a t th e g r e a t o cea n , m o n k s, does n o t a sso c ia te w ith a d e a d b o d y , a co rp se . . . th is, m o n k s, is th e th ird stra n g e a n d w o n d e rfu l th in g . . . . " A n d a g a in , m o n k s, a ll th e g r e a t riv e rs, t h a t is to s a y th e G a n g es, th e J u m n a , th e A c ir a v a t i, th e S a ra b h u , th e M ah l 5 these, on re a c h in g th e g re a t o cea n lo se th e ir fo rm e r n am es an d id e n titie s 6 a n d a re re ck o n e d s im p ly as th e g re a t ocean . T h a t a ll th e g r e a t riv e rs . . . th is, m o n k s, [237] is th e fo u rth stra n g e a n d w o n d e rfu l th in g . . . . A n d a g a in , m o n k s, th o se s tre a m s w h ic h in th e w o rld flow in to th e g re a t o c e a n , a n d th o se sh o w e rs fro m th e s k y w h ich fa ll in to it, y e t is n e ith e r th e e m p tin e ss n or th e fu lln ess o f th e g re a t o cea n a ffe c te d b y th a t. T h a t th o s e s tre a m s w h ic h in th e w o rld . . . th is, m o n k s, is th e fifth s tr a n g e a n d w o n d e rfu l th in g . . . . A n d a g a in , m o n k s, th e g r e a t o c e a n h a s one ta s te , th e ta ste
1 A s a t A . i v . 3 9 8 -2 0 4 , 2 0 6208 ; U d . 5 3 5 6 . 1 A c la s s o f m y t h i c a l b e in g s n o t a p p a r e n t l y h e r e , a s s o m e t im e s , s h o w n a s t h e e n e m ie s o f t h e devas. 3 I n e b b in g a n d f lo w in g , V A . 1 2 8 7 s a y s . 4 C f . M i ln . 18 7 , 250. 0 T h is l is t r e c u r s a t A . i v . 1 0 1 , v . 22 ; S . ii. 1 3 5 , v . 38 ; M i l n , 70, 8 7 , 3S0 ; V istn . 10. * gotta , c la n . C f , C h a n d . U p . 6 . 10 . 1 , 'i ; M u n d . U p . 3 . 2 . 8, P r a s n a U p . 6. 5.

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of sa lt. T h a t th e g re a t o cea n , m o n k s, h a s one ta s te . . . th is, m onks, is th e s ix th stra n g e a n d w o n d e rfu l th in g . . . . A n d a g a in , m o n ks, th e g re a t o cea n h a s m a n y tre a s u re s ,1 d iv ers tre a su re s ; th e s e tre a s u re s a re th e re , th a t is to s a y : p e a rl ,2 c r y s t a l ,2 la p is la z u li ,2 s h e ll ,2 q u a r tz ,2 c o r a l ,2 silv e r, g o ld , ru b y, c a t's - e y e .2 T h a t th e g re a t o cea n , m o n ks, h a s m a n y treasu res . . . th is, m o n k s, is th e se v e n th stra n g e a n d w o n d e r fu l th in g . . . . A n d a g a in , m o n k s, th e g r e a t o c e a n is th e a b o d e o f g re a t beings ; th e se b e in g s a re th e re : th e iim is , th e iim in g a la s , th e tim itim ing a las> a suras , 3 nagas , gandhabbas . T h e re are in th e g rea t o cea n in d iv id u a litie s 4 a h u n d re d y o ja n a s 5 (lon g ),6 in d iv id u a lities tw o h u n d re d . . . th re e h u n d re d . . . fo u r h u n d red . . . five h u n d re d y o ja n a s (long). T h a t th e g re a t o cea n , m onks, is th e a b o d e o f g r e a t b e in g s ; th a t th e se b e in g s are th e r e : th e tim is . . . in d iv id u a litie s fiv e h u n d re d y o ja n a s (long) th is, m o n ks, is th e e ig h th s tr a n g e a n d w o n d e rfu l th in g a b o u t th e g re a t o cea n fro m c o n s ta n tly h a v in g seen w h ich asuras d e lig h t in th e g re a t o cea n . T h e se , m o n k s, a re th e e ig h t stra n g e an d w o n d erfu l th in g s a b o u t th e g re a t o cean fro m c o n s ta n tly h a v in g seen w h ic h asuras d e lig h t in th e g re a t o cea n . |j 3 || Tn e x a c t ly th e sa m e w a y , m o n k s, in th is dham m a an d d iscip lin e th e re a re e ig h t stra n g e a n d w o n d e rfu l th in g s fro m c o n s ta n tly h a v in g seen w h ic h m o n k s d e lig h t in th is dhamma an d d iscip lin e. W h a t are th e e ig h t ? E v e n ,7 m o n k s, a s th e g re a t o c e a n d eep en s g r a d u a lly , slo p es g ra d u a lly , s h e lv e s g r a d u a lly w ith n o a b ru p tn e s s lik e a p re c ip ic e , e v e n so, m o n ks, in th is dham m a a n d d isc ip lin e th e re is a g ra d u a l tra in in g ,8 a g ra d u a l d o in g ,9 a g ra d u a l co u rse ,10 w ith no
1 ra ta n a . * S e e G .S . i v . 1 3 7 , n o t e s . * S e e G .S . i v . 1 3 7 , n . 1 1 . 4 a tta bhd va . 6 S e e B . D . ii. 90 , n . 8. 8 Q u o t e d A s i. 2 9 9 . 7 Q u o te d K v u . 2 19 . A A . i v . i i i s a y s t h i s is t h e '* t h r e e t r a i n i n g s , " i.e . e it h e r in t h e h ig h e r m o r a l h a b i t , t h e h ig h e r m e n t a l i t y , t h e h ig h e r w is d o m (a s a t A . i, 2 3 4 ) , o r in m o r a l h a b i t , c o n c e n t r a t io n , w is d o m . F o r t h e s e t h r e e w o r d s , c f. M . i. 479. iii. 1 ; A . i v . 2 0 1 ; U d . 5 4 . - k i r i y a . A A . i v . 1 1 1 c a l ls t h is t h e t h ir t e e n d h u ta n g a s, a s c e t i c p r a c t i c e s ( e x p la in e d a t V is m . 5 9 f f .) . 10 A A . i v . i i i c a ll s t h i s : t h e s e v e n ( w a y s o f) c o n t e m p la t i n g , t h e e ig h t e e n g r e a t ( w a y s o f) i n s ig h t ( V is m . 628 f i.) , t h e t h i r t y - e i g h t c a t e g o r i e s o f d e p e n d e n c e , t h e t h i r t y - s e v e n t h in g s h e lp f u l t o e n lig h t e n m e n t .

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a b ru p tn e ss su ch as p e n e tra tio n o f p ro fo u n d k n o w le d g e . And, m on ks, th a t in th is dhamma a n d d iscip lin e th e re is a . . . g ra d u a l co u rse w ith no a b ru p tn e ss su ch as p e n e tra tio n o f p ro fo u n d k n o w led g e , th is, m o n k s, is th e first stra n g e a n d w o n d e rfu l th in g fro m c o n s ta n tly h a v in g seen w h ic h m o n k s d e lig h t in th is dhamma a n d d iscip lin e. A n d e ve n , m o n k s, a s th e g r e a t o cea n is s ta b le a n d does n o t o ve rflo w its m a rg in s, e v e n so, m o n k s, w h a te v e r ru le o f tra in in g h a s b een la id d o w n b y m e fo r d iscip les, m y d iscip les w ill n o t tran sg ress it e v e n fo r life s sa k e . A n d th a t, m o n k s, m y d iscip les w ill n o t tra n sg re ss e v e n fo r life 's s a k e a ru le of tra in in g la id d o w n b y m e fo r d iscip les, [238] th is, m o n k s, is th e seco n d s tra n g e a n d w o n d e rfu l th in g . . . . A n d even , m o n ks, a s th e g r e a t o cea n d o es n o t a sso c ia te w ith a d ead b o d y , a co rp se, b u t w h a te v e r d e a d b o d y , corpse th ere m a y be in th e g r e a t o c e a n , th a t it ju s t q u ic k ly fo rces ash ore a n d p u sh es o n to th e d r y la n d , e v e n so, m o n k s, w h a te v e r in d iv id u a l is o f b a d m o ra l h a b it, o f d e p r a v e d c h a ra c te r, of im p u re a n d su sp icio u s b e h a v io u r, o f c o n c e a le d a c tio n s, n ot a (true) reclu se (alth o u gh ) p re te n d in g to b e a (true) reclu se, n ot a fa re r o f th e B ra h m a -fa rin g (alth o u gh ) p re te n d in g to b e a fa re r o f th e B ra h m a -fa rin g , r o tte n w ith in , fille d w ith desire, filth y b y n a tu re th e O rd e r does n o t liv e in co m m u n io n 1 w ith h im , b u t h a v in g a ssem b led q u ic k ly , su sp e n d s h i m ; an d a lth o u g h he is s ittin g in th e m id st o f a n O rd e r o f m o n k s, y e t h e is fa r fro m th e O rd e r a n d th e O rd e r is fa r fro m h im - . . . th is, m o n ks, is th e th ird s tra n g e a n d w o n d e rfu l th in g . . . . A n d even , m o n k s, a s th o se g r e a t riv e rs , t h a t is to s a y th e G a n ges, th e J u m n a , th e A c ir a v a t i, th e S a ra b h u , th e M ah l w h ich , on re a c h in g th e g r e a t o cea n , lo se th e ir fo rm e r n am es a n d id e n titie s a n d are re ck o n ed s im p ly as th e g re a t o cea n , e ve n so, m o n k s, (m em b ers of) th e se fo u r c a s t e s : n oble, b ra h m a n , m e rc h a n t a n d lo w , h a v in g g o n e fo r th fro m hom e in to hom elessness in th is dham m a a n d d iscip lin e p ro cla im ed b y th e T ru th -fin d e r, lo se th e ir fo rm e r n am es a n d cla n s an d are reck o n ed s im p ly a s reclu ses, so n s o f th e S a k y a n s 3 . . . th is, m on ks, is th e fo u r th s tra n g e a n d w o n d e rfu l th in g . . . .
1 S a m v a sa ti ; a t e c h n ic a l t e r m w h e n u s e d o f t h e O r d e r ; see n o te a b o v e ,

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" A n d e v e n , m o n ks, a s th o se stre a m s w h ic h in th e w o rld flow in to th e g r e a t o c e a n a n d th o se sh o w ers w h ic h fa ll in to it from th e s k y , y e t n o t b y th a t is e ith e r th e e m p tin ess or th e fulln ess o f th e g re a t o cea n a ffe cte d e ve n so, m o n k s, e v e n if m a n y m o n k s a tta in n ib b a n a in th e n ib b a n a -c o n d itio n in w h ic h no m ore g ro u p s are re m a in in g ,1 n o t b y t h a t is e ith e r th e em p tin ess o r th e fu lln ess o f th e n ib b a n a -c o n d itio n a ffe cte d . . . th is, m o n k s, is th e fifth stra n g e a n d w o n d e rfu l th in g . . . . " A n d even , m o n k s, as th e g r e a t o cea n h a s one ta ste , th e ta ste of sa lt, e ve n so, m o n k s, does th is dham m a a n d d iscip lin e h a v e one ta s te , th e ta s te o f fre ed o m . . . th is, m o n k s, is th e s ix th stra n g e a n d w o n d e rfu l th in g . . , . " A n d even , m o n k s, as th e g re a t o cea n h a s m a n y treasu res, d iv ers tre a su re s th ese tre a su re s are th ere, t h a t is t o s a y : p earl, c r y s ta l, la p is la z u li, sh ell, q u a r tz , c o ra l, silv e r, g o ld , ru b y , c a t's-e y e e v e n [239J so, m o n k s, does th is dhamma a n d d isc ip line h a v e m a n y tre asu re s, d iv e r s tre a su re s -these tre asu re s are th ere, th a t is to s a y : th e fo u r a ro u sin g s o f m in d fu ln ess, th e fo u r r ig h t effo rts, th e fo u r b a ses o f p y s c h ic p o w er, th e five fa cu lties, th e se v e n lin k s in a w a k e n in g , th e n o b le e ig h tfo ld W a y 2 . . . th is, m o n k s, is th e se v e n th s tra n g e a n d w o n d e rfu l th in g . . . . " A n d e v e n , m o n k s, a s th e g re a t o cea n is th e a b o d e of g re a t b ein gs th e se b e in g s a re th e re : tim is, tim ing ala s, tim itim in galas , a suras , nagas , gandhabbas , in d iv id u a litie s a h u n d re d y ojan a s (long) . . . tw o h u n d re d , . . th re e h u n d re d . . . fo u r h u n d re d * . . fiv e h u n d re d y o ja n a s (lon g) even so, m onks, th is dham m a a n d d isc ip lin e is th e a b o d e o f g r e a t b ein g s th ese b ein g s a re th e re : th e s tre a m -a tta in e r, th e one g o in g a lo n g to th e re a lisa tio n o f th e fru it o f s tre a m -a tta in m e n t, th e o n c e -re tu m e r, th e one g o in g a lo n g to th e re a lisa tio n o f th e fru it o f o n ce-re tu rn in g , th e n o n -re tu rn er, th e one g o in g a lo n g to th e re a lisa tio n o f th e fru it o f n o n -re tu rn in g , th e p e rfe c te d one, th e o n e g o in g a lo n g t o p e rfe ctio n . A n d th a t, m o n k s, th is dhamma a n d d iscip lin e is th e a b o d e o f g re a t b e in g s th ese
1 S e e & .S . i v . , 1 3 9 , n . 4 a n d p . 320 ; a ls o D . iii. I35 p- 3 S w h e r e t h e m e a n in g o f a n u p d d is e s a n ib b a n a d h a tu is e x p la in e d . S e e a ls o C o m p . p . 1 54 : " T h a t w h ic h b e a r s i t s o w n in t r in s ic n a t u r e . " T h e g r o u p s a r e t h o s e o f g r a s p in g . * M r s . R h y s D a v i d s , S a k y a , p . 3 9 5 p o in t s o u t t h a t t h e o r d e r o f t h e s e t e r m s s o m e tim e s v a r ie s .

B O O K OF D I S C I P L I N E 336 bein g s are th e re : th e s tr e a m - a tta in e r . . . th e one g o in g a lo n g to p e rfe ctio n , th is, m o n k s, is th e e ig h th s tra n g e an d w o n d e rfu l th in g in th is dham m a a n d d iscip lin e fro m c o n s ta n tly h a v in g seen w h ic h m o n k s d e lig h t in th is dham m a a n d d iscip lin e. T h ese, m o n ks, are th e e ig h t s tra n g e a n d w o n d e rfu l th in g s in th is dhamma a n d d iscip lin e fro m c o n s ta n tly h a v in g seen w h ich m o n k s d e lig h t in th is dham m a a n d d is c ip lin e ." T h e n th e L o rd , h a v in g k n o w n th is m a tte r , a t t h a t tim e u tte re d th is u tte r a n c e : " I t ra in s h a rd o n a c o v e r e d th in g , I t ra in s n o t h a rd on an o p en th in g ; S o open u p th e c o v e re d th in g , T h u s w ill it n o t ra in h a rd on t h a t / '1

|j

4 || 1 ||

T h e n th e L o r d a d d re sse d th e m o n k s, s a y in g : N o w , I, m o n ks, h e n c e fo rth w ill n o t c a r r y o u t th e O b se rv a n c e , I w ill n o t re cite th e P a tim o k k h a ; n o w y o u y o u rs e lv e s , m o n k s, m ust h e n ce fo rth c a r r y o u t th e O b s e rv a n c e , m u st re c ite th e P a t i m o k k h a . I t is n o t p o ssib le, m o n k s, it c a n n o t co m e to p a ss th a t th e T ru th -fin d e r sh o u ld c a r r y o u t th e O b se rv a n c e , sh o u ld re cite th e P a tim o k k h a w ith a n a s s e m b ly th a t is n o t e n tire ly pure. N o r, m o n k s, sh o u ld th e P a tim o k k h a b e h e a rd b y one w h o h a s a n o ffe n c e .2 W h o e v e r (such) sh o u ld h e a r it, th e re is an o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g . T a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to su sp en d th e P a tim o k k h a fo r h im w h o , h a v in g a n o ffen ce, h ea rs the P a tim o k k h a .3 A n d th u s , m o n k s, sh o u ld it be su sp e n d e d :* O n an O b se rv a n c e d a y , w h e th e r it b e th e fo u rte e n th o r th e fiftee n th , w h en th a t in d iv id u a l is p re se n t [240] th is sh o u ld be u tte re d in th e m id st o f th e O rd e r : * H o n o u re d sirs, le t th e O rd er liste n to m e. T h e in d iv id u a l S o -a n d -so h a s a n o ffen ce ; I a m su sp en d in g th e P a tim o k k h a fo r h im , th e P a tim o k k h a sh ou ld n ot b e re c ite d w h e n h e is p resen t ' (thus) d o es th e P a tim o k k h a b e co m e s u s p e n d e d ." [| 2 j|
1 T h is v e r s e o c c u r s a t U d . v . 5 , b u t n o t a t A . i v . 20 4 o r 20 8. I t is a m o n g t h e v e r s e s a s c r ib e d t o S i r im a n d a , T h a g * 4 4 7 . V A , 1 2 8 7 o b s e r v e s (a s is c le a r f r o m t h e c o n t e x t ) t h a t t h e c o v e r e d t h i n g m e a n s " h a v i n g f a lle n i n t o a n o ffe n c e a n d c o n c e a lin g i t o n e f a l l s i n t o a n o t h e r a n d a fr e s h o f fe n c e ; b u t d is c lo s in g it, o n e d o e s n o t f a ll i n t o a n o t h e r o f f e n c e ." C f* U d A . 3 0 6 , a n d a ls o T h a g A . ii. 18 8. * C f . M V . I I . 27. 1 . * C V . I . 5. 1 s a y s t h a t i t m a y n o t b e s u s p e n d e d (th a p e ti) f o r a r e g u la r m o n k . 4 C f . s u s p e n d in g t h e I n v i t a t i o n , M V . I V . 16. 2 w h ic h f o llo w s a s im ila r c o u r s e .

C U L L A V A G G A IX 337 3,1-3] N o w a t th a t tim e th e g ro u p o f s ix m o n k s ,1 th in k in g : N o one k n o w s a b o u t u s / ' liste n e d to th e P a tim o k k h a a lth o u g h th e y h a d offences. M o n k s w h o w ere eld ers, k n o w in g th e m in d s o f o th e rs, to ld th e m o n k s : S o -a n d -so a n d S o -an d -so , y o u r reverences, (b elo n g in g to) th e g ro u p o f s ix m o n k s, th in k in g , N o one k n o w s a b o u t u s , liste n e d to th e P a tim o k k h a a lth o u g h th e y h a d o ffe n c e s ." T h e g ro u p o f s ix m o n k s h e a rd it said th a t th e m o n k s w h o w ere eld ers, k n o w in g th e m in d s o f o th ers, h ad t o ld th e m o n k s : S o -a n d -so a n d S o -a n d -so . . . liste n e d to th e P a tim o k k h a a lth o u g h th e y h a d o ffe n ces. T h e se , th in k in g : In case th e w e ll b e h a v e d m o n k s su sp en d th e P a tim o k k h a fo r u s , su sp e n d e d first, w ith o u t g ro u n d , w ith o u t reason, th e P a tim o k k h a fo r th e p u re m o n k s w h o h a d no offences. T h e se w h o w ere m o d est m o n k s . . . s p re a d it a b o u t, s a y in g : H o w ca n th is g ro u p o f s ix m o n k s su sp en d , w ith o u t g ro u n d , w ith o u t reason , th e P a tim o k k h a fo r p u re m o n k s w h o h a v e no offen ces ? T h e n th ese m o n k s to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : I s it tru e , as is sa id , m o n k s, th a t th e g ro u p o f s ix m o n k s su sp en d ed , w ith o u t g ro u n d , w ith o u t reaso n , th e P a tim o k k h a fo r p u re m o n k s w h o h a v e n o o ffen ces ? " I t is tru e , L o r d . H a v in g re b u k e d th e m , h a v in g g iv e n reasoned ta lk , he a d d re sse d th e m o n k s, s a y in g . " M on ks, y o u sh o u ld n o t, w ith o u t g ro u n d , w ith o u t reason, su sp en d th e P a tim o k k h a fo r p u re m o n k s w h o h a v e no offences. W h o e v e r sh o u ld (so) su sp e n d it, th e re is an offen ce o f w ro n g d oin g. || i || 4 *M onks, one susp en sio n o f th e P a tim o k k h a is n o t le g a lly v a lid , one is le g a lly v a lid ; tw o su sp en sio n s o f th e P a tim o k k h a are not le g a lly v a lid , tw o are le g a lly v a l i d ; t h r e e . . . fo u r . . . five . . * s ix . . . se v e n . . . e ig h t . . . nine * . . te n susp en sio n s of th e P a tim o k k h a are n o t le g a lly v a lid , te n a re le g a lly v a lid . II 2 || W h a t is th e one su sp en sio n o f th e P a tim o k k h a th a t is n o t le g a lly v a lid ? I f one su sp en d s th e P a tim o k k h a o n a n u n fo u n d ed (ch arg e of) fa llin g a w a y fro m m o ra l h a b it, th is one su spen sion o f th e P a tim o k k h a is n o t le g a lly v a lid . " W h a t is th e one su sp en sio n o f th e P a tim o k k h a th a t is le g a lly v a lid ? I f one su sp en d s th e P a tim o k k h a on a fo u n d e d
1 C f . M V . I V . 16. 3.

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(ch arge of) fa llin g a w a y fro m m o ra l h a b it, th is one su sp en sio n o f th e P a tim o k k h a is le g a lly v a lid . " W h a t a re th e tw o su sp en sio n s o f th e P a tim o k k h a th a t are n o t le g a lly v a lid ? [241] I f one su sp e n d s th e P a tim o k k h a on an u n fo u n d e d (ch arge of) fa llin g a w a y fro m m o ra l h a b it, if one su sp en d s th e P a tim o k k h a o n a n u n fo u n d e d (ch a rg e of) fa llin g a w a y fro m g o o d h a b its , th e se tw o su sp en sio n s o f th e P a tim o k k h a a re n o t le g a lly v a lid . W h a t a re th e tw o su sp en sio n s o f th e P a tim o k k h a th a t are le g a lly v a lid ? I f o n e su sp e n d s th e P a tim o k k h a o n a fo u n d e d (charge of) fa llin g a w a y fro m m o ra l h a b it, if one su sp en d s th e P a tim o k k h a on a fo u n d e d (ch a rg e of) fa llin g a w a y fro m g o o d h a b its, th e se tw o su sp en sio n s o f th e P a tim o k k h a are le g a lly v a lid . W h a t are th e th re e su sp en sio n s o f th e P a tim o k k h a th a t are n o t le g a lly v a lid ? I f o n e su sp e n d s th e P a tim o k k h a on a n u n fo u n d e d (ch arg e of) fa llin g a w a y fro m m o ra l h a b it, if one su sp en d s th e P a tim o k k h a o n an u n fo u n d e d (ch arg e of) fa llin g a w a y fro m g o o d h a b its , if o n e su sp en d s th e P a tim o k k h a on an u n fo u n d e d (ch a rg e of) fa llin g a w a y fro m rig h t vie w s, th ese th re e su sp en sio n s . . . a re n o t le g a lly v a lid . " W h a t a re th e th re e su sp e n sio n s o f th e P a tim o k k h a th a t are le g a lly v a lid ? I f o n e su sp e n d s th e P a tim o k k h a on a fo u n d e d (ch arg e of) fa llin g a w a y fro m m o ra l h a b it . . . fro m g o o d h a b its . . . fro m rig h t v ie w s , th e se th re e su spen sion s . . . a re le g a lly v a lid . " W h a t a re th e fo u r su sp en sio n s o f th e P a tim o k k h a th a t are n ot le g a lly v a lid ? I f o n e su sp e n d s th e P a tim o k k h a on an u n fo u n d e d (ch arg e of) fa llin g a w a y fro m m o ra l h a b it . . . fro m g o o d h a b its . . . fro m rig h t v ie w s , i f o n e su sp e n d s th e P a tim o k k h a on a n u n fo u n d e d (ch a rg e of) fa llin g a w a y fro m a rig h t m o d e o f liv e lih o o d , th e s e fo u r su sp en sio n s o f th e P a tim o k k h a a re n o t le g a lly v a lid . W h a t are th e fo u r su sp en sio n s o f th e P a tim o k k h a th a t are le g a lly v a lid ? I f o n e su sp e n d s th e P a tim o k k h a on a fo u n d ed (ch arge of) fa llin g a w a y fro m m o ra l h a b it, . . . fro m g o o d h a b its . . . fro m rig h t v ie w s , i f one su sp en d s th e P a t i m o k k h a on a fo u n d ed (ch arg e of) fa llin g a w a y fro m a rig h t m od e o f liv e lih o o d , th ese fo u r su sp e n sio n s . . . a re le g a lly v a lid . " W h a t are th e fiv e su sp en sio n s o f th e P a tim o k k h a th a t are

C U L L A V A G G A IX 3.3] 339 n o t le g a lly v a lid ? I f one su sp en d s th e P a tim o k k h a on an u n fo u n d e d (ch arge of) a n o ffen ce in v o lv in g d e fe a t . . , on an u n fo u n d e d (ch arge of) an offence e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e tin g of th e O rd e r . . . on an u n fo u n d e d (ch a rg e of) a n o ffen ce o f e x p ia tio n . . . on an u n fo u n d e d (ch a rg e of) a n o ffe n ce w h ic h o u g h t to b e co n fessed . . . o n an u n fo u n d e d (ch arge of) an offence o f w ro n g -d o in g , th e se fiv e su sp en sio n s . . . a re n o t le g a lly v a lid . W h a t are th e fiv e su sp en sio n s o f th e P a tim o k k h a t h a t are le g a lly v a lid ? I f one su sp en d s th e P a tim o k k h a on a fo u n d e d (ch arge of) a n o ffen ce in v o lv in g d e fe a t . . . on a fo u n d e d (ch arge of) a n o ffe n ce o f w ro n g -d o in g , th e se fiv e susp en sio n s . . . a re le g a lly v a lid . W h a t are th e s ix su sp en sio n s o f th e P a tim o k k h a t h a t are n o t le g a lly v a lid ? I f one su sp en d s th e P a tim o k k h a on an u n fo u n d e d (ch arge of) fa llin g a w a y fro m m o ra l h a b it w h ic h h a s n o t b een d o n e ,1 i f o n e su sp en d s th e P a tim o k k h a on an u n fo u n d e d (ch arg e of) fa llin g a w a y fro m m o ra l h a b it w h ic h h a s been d o n e 2 . . . on an u n fo u n d e d (ch a rg e of) fa llin g a w a y fro m g o o d h a b its w h ic h h a s n o t b e en d o n e . . . w h ic h h a s b e en d o n e, if one su sp en d s th e P a tim o k k h a on a n u n fo u n d e d (ch arge of) fa llin g a w a y fro m rig h t v ie w s w h ic h h a s n o t b een d one . . . w h ic h h a s b e en d o n e, th e s e s ix su sp en sio n s . . . a re n o t le g a lly v a lid , " W h a t a re th e s ix su sp en sio n s o f th e P a tim o k k h a th a t are le g a lly v a lid ? I f one su sp en d s th e P a tim o k k h a on a fo u n d e d (ch arg e of) fa llin g a w a y fro m m o ra l h a b it w h ic h h a s n o t b een d on e . . . w h ic h h a s b e en d o n e . . . o n a fo u n d e d (ch arge of) fa llin g a w a y fro m g o o d h a b its w h ic h h a s n o t b een done . . . w h ic h h a s b e e n d o n e, if o n e su sp e n d s th e P a tim o k k h a on a fo u n d e d (ch arg e of) fa llin g a w a y fro m r ig h t v ie w s w h ic h h as n o t b een d o n e . . . w h ic h h a s b een d o n e, th e se s ix su spen sion s . . . a re le g a lly v a lid . W h a t a re th e se v e n su sp en sio n s o f th e P a tim o k k h a th a t are n o t le g a lly v a lid ? I f one su sp e n d s th e P a tim o k k h a on an u n fo u n d e d (charge of) a n o ffen ce in v o lv in g d e fe a t . . . o f an offen ce e n ta ilin g a fo rm a l m e e tin g o f th e O rd e r . . . o f a g r a v e
1 aka ta . V A . 12 8 8 s a y s t h e f a l l in g a w a y m a y o r m a y n o t h a v e b e e n d o n e b y t h a t in d i v id u a l. * ka ta .

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o ffen ce . , . o f an o ffen ce o f e x p ia tio n . . . o f an o ffe n ce w h ic h o u g h t t o b e co n fe sse d . . . o f a n o ffe n ce o f w ro n g -d o in g , if one su sp en d s th e P a tim o k k h a on a n u n fo u n d e d (ch arg e of) an o ffen ce o f w ro n g sp eech , th e se se v e n su sp en sio n s . . . are n ot le g a lly v a lid . W h a t are th e se v e n su sp e n sio n s o f th e P a tim o k k h a th a t are le g a lly v a lid ? I f one su sp e n d s th e P a tim o k k h a on a fo u n d e d (ch arg e of) an o ffen ce in v o lv in g d e fe a t . . . on a fo u n d e d (ch a rg e of) an o ffe n ce o f w ro n g sp ee ch , th ese se ve n suspen sion s . . . are le g a lly v a lid . W h a t are th e e ig h t su sp e n sio n s o f th e P a tim o k k h a th a t are n ot le g a lly v a lid ? I f one su sp e n d s th e P a tim o k k h a on an u n fo u n d e d (ch arge of) fa llin g a w a y fro m m o ra l h a b it w h ich h a s n o t been d o n e . . . w h ic h h a s b een d o n e . . . o f fa llin g a w a y fro m g o o d h a b its w h ic h h a s n o t b e en d o n e [242] . . . w h ich has b een d o n e . . . o f fa llin g a w a y fro m rig h t v ie w s w h ich has n o t b een d o n e . . . w h ic h h a s b een d one, if one su sp en d s th e P a tim o k k h a on an u n fo u n d e d (ch a rg e of) fa llin g a w a y fro m a rig h t m o d e o f liv e lih o o d w h ic h h a s n o t b een d o n e . . . w h ic h h a s b een d o n e, th e se e ig h t su sp en sio n s . . . are n o t le g a lly v a lid . 1 1 W h a t a re th e e ig h t su sp e n sio n s o f th e P a tim o k k h a th a t are le g a lly v a lid ? I f one su sp e n d s th e P a tim o k k h a on a fo u n d e d (ch arge of) fa llin g a w a y fro m m o ra l h a b it w h ich has n o t b een d on e . . . w h ic h h a s b e en d o n e . . . o f fa llin g a w a y fro m a rig h t m o d e o f liv e lih o o d w h ic h h a s n o t been d o n e . . . w h ich h a s been d o n e, th e s e e ig h t su sp e n sio n s . . . a re le g a lly v a lid . " W h a t a re th e n in e su sp e n sio n s o f th e P a tim o k k h a th a t are n o t le g a lly v a lid ? I f one su s p e n d 5 7 th e P a tim o k k h a on an u n fo u n d e d (ch arge of) fa llin g a w a y fro m m o ra l h a b it w h ic h h a s n o t b een d o n e . . . w h ic h h a s b een d o n e . . . w h ic h h a s b een done a n d n ot d o n e 1 . . . on an u n fo u n d e d (ch a rg e of) fa llin g a w a y fro m g o o d h a b its w h ic h h a s n o t b e en d o n e . . . w h ich h a s been d o n e . * . w h ic h h a s been d o n e a n d n o t done on a n u n fo u n d e d (ch a rg e of) fa llin g a w a y fro m rig h t v ie w s w h ic h h a s n o t b een d o n e . . . w h ic h h a s b een d o n e . . *
1 h a td k a td y a . V A . 12 8 8 s a y s i t is s o c a lle d b e c a u s e ( t h e o n e w h o is s u s p e n d in g ) h a s c h o s e n , g a h etv d , b o t h : d o n e a n d n o t d o n e " ( p r e s u m a b ly a s h is g r o u n d s f o r s u s p e n d in g , s in c e f a l l i n g a w a y m a y h a v e b e e n d o n e b o t h b y t h e in d iv id u a l w h o m h e is s u s p e n d in g , a n d b y a n o t h e r ) .

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w h ich h a s b een d on e a n d n o t d o n e, th ese nine susp en sio n s . . . not le g a lly v a lid . W h a t are th e n in e su sp en sio n s o f th e P a tim o k k h a th a t are le g a lly v a lid ? I f one su sp en d s th e P a tim o k k h a on a fo u n d e d (charge of) fa llin g a w a y fro m m o ra l h a b it w h ic h h a s n o t been done . . . w h ic h h a s been d on e . . . w h ic h h as b een d on e a n d n o t d on e . . . o n a fo u n d e d (ch arge of) fa llin g fro m g o o d h a b its . . . on a fo u n d e d (ch arg e of) fa llin g a w a y fro m rig h t v ie w s w h ich h as n o t been d o n e . . . w h ic h h a s b een done . . . w h ich h as b een d o n e a n d n o t d o n e, th e se n in e su sp en sio n s . . * are le g a lly v a lid . " W h a t are th e te n su sp en sio n s o f th e P a tim o k k h a t h a t are n ot le g a lly v a lid ? I f one w h o is d e fe a te d is n o t s ittin g in th a t a s s e m b ly ,1 if t a lk on an o ffen ce in v o lv in g d e fe a t is s till g o in g fo r w a r d ,2 if one w h o h as d is a v o w e d th e tra in in g is n o t s ittin g in th a t a ss e m b ly , if t a lk on d is a v o w in g th e tra in in g is still g o in g fo rw a rd , if he su b m its h im se lf t o a le g a lly v a lid co m p le te a s s e m b ly ,3 if he d o es n o t w ith d r a w h is a c c e p ta n c e 4 (of a fo rm a l a c t se ttle d ) in a le g a lly v a lid c o m p le te a ss e m b ly , if t a lk on w ith d r a w in g a c c e p ta n c e (of a fo rm a l a c t settled ) in a le g a lly v a lid c o m p le te a s s e m b ly is s till g o in g fo rw a rd , if he is n o t seen, h e a rd o r su s p e c te d o f fa llin g a w a y fro m m o ra l h a b it, if he is n o t seen, h e a rd o r su s p e c te d o f fa llin g a w a y fro m go o d h a b its, if h e is n o t seen, h e a rd o r su sp e c te d o f fa llin g a w a y fro m rig h t v ie w s , th ese te n su sp e n sio n s o f th e P a tim o k k h a are n o t le g a lly v a lid . " W h a t a re th e te n su sp en sio n s o f th e P a tim o k k h a t h a t are le g a lly v a lid ? I f one w h o is d e fe a te d is s ittin g in th a t a ssem b ly , if t a lk on a n o ffen ce in v o lv in g d e fe a t is n o t still g o in g fo rw a rd . . . (as in above paragraph , but the opposite in each case) . . . if he is seen , h e a rd o r su s p e c te d o f fa llin g a w a y
1 T h e s e c la u s e s a r e e x p la in e d in |[ 4 || b e lo w . ^ . . . a A m o n k c a n n o t b e le g a l l y s u s p e n d e d w h ile t a l k o n h is c a s e is s t i l l in p ro gress. d h a m rn ik a m sd m a g g in t u p e t i. S e e M V . X . 5 . 1 3 ; 6 . 2 (a tth u p eta , v y a v ija n u p e ta ). 4 n a p a c c d d iy a ti. V A . 12 8 8 s a y s o f p a c c d d iy a ti (in t h e l e g a l l y v a l i d " c la u s e ) i t m e a n s t h a t i f h e s a y s t h e f o r m a l a c t s h o u ld b e c a r r ie d o u t a g a in , h e w ith d r a w s h is a c c e p ta n c e . B u t h e w h o o p e n s i t u p a g a i n f a ll s in t o a n o ffe n c e o f e x p ia t io n . I f h e d e s ir e s t o fin d f a u l t w i t h a f o r m a l a c t w h i l e i t is b e in g c a r r ie d o u t , a n d n e it h e r c o m e s n o r g i v e s h is c o n s e n t , a n d p r o t e s t s if h e h a s c o m e , fo r t h is r e a s o n h e f a l l s in t o a n o ffe n c e o f w r o n g -d o in g * (C /. P 5.C. 8 0 .)

B O O K OF D I S C I P L I N E 342 fro m rig h t v ie w s, th e s e te n su sp e n sio n s o f th e P a tim o k k h a are le g a lly v a lid . (| 3 j| " H o w (can it b e sa id th a t) o n e w h o is d e fe a te d is s ittin g in th a t a ss e m b ly ? T h is is a ca se , m o n k s, w h e re b y reaso n o f th o se p ro p e rtie s ,1 b y reaso n o f th o se fe a tu re s , b y reason o f th o se sig n s b y w h ic h th e r e co m e s t o b e c o m m issio n of an o ffen ce in v o lv in g d e fe a t a m o n k sees (another) m o n k c o m m ittin g an o ffen ce in v o lv in g d e fe a t ; or it m a y b e th a t th a t m o n k d o es n o t h im s e lf see a m o n k [243] c o m m ittin g an o ffen ce in v o lv in g d e fe a t, b u t th a t a n o th e r m o n k te lls t h a t m o n k: T h e m o n k S o -a n d -so , y o u r re v e re n c e , is c o m m ittin g a n o ffen ce in v o lv in g d e fe a t ' ; o r it m a y b e th a t th a t m o n k d o es n o t h im self see a m o n k c o m m ittin g an o ffen ce in v o lv in g d e fe a t a n d th a t no o th e r m o n k te lls t h a t m o n k : ' T h e m o n k S o -a n d -so , y o u r re ve ren ce , is c o m m ittin g a n o ffe n ce in v o lv in g d e fe a t/ b u t th a t h e h im s e lf te lls th e m o n k : ' I , y o u r re v e re n c e , h a v e c o m m itte d a n o ffen ce in v o lv in g d e fe a t.' M o n k s, t h a t m o n k if he so desires, on a c c o u n t o f w h a t h e h a s seen , o r h a s h e a rd , o r h a s su sp e c te d m a y , o n a n O b s e r v a n c e d a y , w h e th e r it is th e fo u rte e n th o r th e fifte e n th , u t t e r in th e m id st o f th e O rd er w h e n th a t in d iv id u a l is p re se n t : ' H o n o u re d sirs, le t th e O rd er liste n to m e. T h is in d iv id u a l S o -a n d -so is c o m m ittin g an offence in v o lv in g d e fe a t. I a m su sp e n d in g th e P a tim o k k h a fo r h im . T h e P a tim o k k h a sh o u ld n o t b e re c ite d in his presence.* T h is su sp en sio n o f th e P a tim o k k h a is le g a lly v a lid . W h e n th e P a tim o k k h a h a s b een su sp e n d e d fo r t h a t m o n k , if th e a ss e m b ly re m o v e s itse lf o n a c c o u n t of a n y one o f th e te n d a n g e rs 2 th e d a n g e r fro m k in g s o r . . . th ie v e s o r , . . fire o r . . , w a te r o r . . . h u m a n b e in g s o r . . . n o n -h u m a n b e in g s o r . . . b e a sts o f p r e y or . . . cre e p in g th in g s o r b e c a u se o f d a n g e r to life o r b e c a u se o f d a n g e r to th e B r a h m a -fa r in g m o n k s, th a t m o n k, if he so d esires, m a y e ith e r in t h a t resid en ce o r in a n o th e r residen ce, u tte r in th e m id st o f th e O rd e r in th e presen ce o f th a t in d iv id u a l : H o n o u re d sirs, le t th e O rd e r liste n to m e. T h e t a lk on th e in d iv id u a l S o -a n d -so 's o ffen ce in v o lv in g d e fe a t w a s still g o in g fo rw a rd ; th a t m a tte r is n o t d e cid e d . I f it seem s rig h t to th e O rd er, th e O rd e r m a y d e cid e th is m a tte r .'

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I f h e su cceed s th u s , th a t is g o o d . I f he does n o t su cceed , he sh o u ld , on an O b se rv a n c e d a y , w h e th e r th e fo u rte e n th o r th e fifte e n th , u tte r in th e m id st o f th e O rd er a n d in th e presen ce o f th a t in d iv id u a l : ' H o n o u red sirs, le t th e O rd e r liste n to m e. T h e t a lk on th e in d iv id u a l S o -a n d -so 's o ffen ce in v o lv in g d e fe a t w as still g o in g fo rw a rd ; th a t m a tte r is n o t d ecid ed . I am su sp en d in g th e P a tim o k k h a fo r h im , th e P a tim o k k h a sh o u ld n o t b e re c ite d in his p re se n c e .' T h is susp en sio n o f th e P a t i m o k k h a is le g a lly v a lid . || 4 |] H o w (can it be sa id th a t) one w h o h a s d is a v o w e d th e tra in in g is s ittin g in th a t a s s e m b ly ? T h is is a case, m o n k s . . . [244] (the same as || 4 ||f reading d is a v o w e d th e tr a in in g instead o f o ffen ce in v o lv in g d e fe a t). . . . T h is su sp en sio n of th e P a tim o k k h a is le g a lly v a lid . || 5 || H o w (can it be sa id th a t) he d o es n o t su b m it h im self to a le g a lly v a lid c o m p le te a s s e m b ly ? T h is is a ca se , m o n k s . . . (the same as || 4 ||, reading does n o t s u b m it h im self to a le g a lly v a lid c o m p le te a s s e m b ly instead o f o ffen ce in v o lv in g d efeat) * , . [245]. . . . T h is susp en sio n o f th e P a tim o k k h a is le g a lly v a lid . || 6 || " H o w (can it b e sa id th a t) he w ith d ra w s h is a c c e p ta n c e (of a fo rm a l a c t se ttle d ) in a le g a lly v a lid co m p le te a s s e m b ly ? T h is is a case, m o n k s, . . . (the sam e as || 4 || reading w ith d ra w s his a c c e p ta n c e o f a fo rm a l a c t s e ttle d in a le g a lly v a lid c o m p le te a sse m b ly instead o f o ffen ce in v o lv in g d e fe a t). . . , T h is su spen sion o f th e P a tim o k k h a is le g a lly v a lid . || 7 j| H o w (can it b e sa id th a t) h e is seen , h e a rd o r su sp e c te d of fa llin g a w a y fro m m o ra l h a b it ? T h is is a case, m o n k s, . . . (the same as |j 4 \ \ t reading seen , h e a rd o r su s p e c te d o f fa llin g a w a y fro m m o ra l h a b it instead o f o ffen ce in v o lv in g d efea t). . . . T h is su sp en sio n o f th e P a tim o k k h a is le g a lly v a lid . || 8 || H o w (can it b e sa id th a t) he is seen , h e a rd o r su sp ected o f fa llin g a w a y fro m g o o d h a b its ? T h is is a case, m onks, . . . (see || 8 ||). . . . " H o w (can it be sa id th a t) h e is seen, h e a rd o r su s p e c te d of fa llin g a w a y fro m rig h t v ie w s ? T h is is a ca se , m o n k s, . . . [246] (see [j 8 ||). . . . T h is su sp en sio n o f th e P a tim o k k h a is le g a lly v a lid . T h e s e te n su sp en sio n s o f th e P a tim o k k h a are le g a lly v a lid / " II 9 II 3 || T h e F ir s t P o rtio n fo r R e c ita l.

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T h e n th e v e n e ra b le U p a li a p p ro a c h e d th e L o r d ; h a v in g a p p ro a ch e d , h a v in g g re e te d th e L o rd , he s a t d o w n a t a re sp e c tfu l d is ta n c e . A s h e w a s s ittin g d o w n a t a re s p e c tfu l d ista n ce, th e v e n e ra b le U p a li sp o k e th u s to th e L o r d : L o rd , if a m o n k w ish e s to u n d e r ta k e a n u n d e r ta k in g on his o w n b e h a lf ,1 e n d o w e d w ith h o w m a n y q u a litie s is th e u n d e rta k in g t h a t he m a y u n d e r ta k e on h is o w n b e h a lf ? U p a li, if a m o n k w ish e s to u n d e r ta k e an u n d e r ta k in g on his ow n b e h a lf, th e u n d e r ta k in g t h a t h e m a y u n d e r ta k e on h is ow n b e h a lf is e n d o w e d w ith fiv e q u a litie s. U p a li, if a m o n k w ish es to u n d e rta k e an u n d e r ta k in g on h is o w n b e h a lf, he sh o u ld c o n sid er th is : * T h a t u n d e r ta k in g w h ic h I w ish to u n d e rta k e on m y o w n b e h a lf, is it th e rig h t tim e to u n d e r ta k e th is u n d e rta k in g on m y o w n b e h a lf, o r n o t ? ' I f, U p a li, w h ile th a t m o n k is co n sid erin g , h e k n o w s th u s : I t is a w ro n g tim e 3 to u n d e rta k e th is u n d e r ta k in g o n m y o w n b e h a lf, n o t a rig h t tim e / U p a li, th a t u n d e r ta k in g on h is o w n b e h a lf sh o u ld n o t b e u n d e rta k e n . B u t if, U p a li, w h ile th a t m o n k is co n sid erin g , he k n o w s th u s : ' I t is a r ig h t tim e to u n d e r ta k e th is u n d e r ta k in g on m y o w n b e h a lf, n o t a w ro n g tim e / U p a li, it sh o u ld be fu rth e r co n sid ere d b y t h a t m o n k : ' T h a t u n d e r ta k in g w h ic h I w ish to u n d e rta k e on m y o w n b e h a lf, is th is u n d e rta k in g on m y o w n b e h a lf a b o u t a tr u e th in g , o r n o t ? ' I f , U p a li, w h ile th a t m o n k is co n sid e rin g , h e k n o w s th u s : T h a t u n d e r ta k in g on m y ow n b e h a lf is a b o u t an u n tru e th in g , n o t a tru e th in g / U p a li, th a t u n d e r ta k in g on h is o w n b e h a lf sh o u ld n o t b e u n d e rta k e n . B u t if, U p a li, w h ile t h a t m o n k is c o n sid e rin g h e k n o w s th u s : ' T h a t u n d e r ta k in g on m y o w n b e h a lf is a b o u t a tru e th in g , n o t a n u n tr u e th in g / U p a li, it sh o u ld b e fu rth e r co n sid ered b y th a t m o n k : T h a t u n d e r ta k in g w h ic h I w ish to u n d e rta k e on m y o w n b e h a lf, is th a t u n d e r ta k in g c o n n e c te d w ith th e g o a l, o r n o t ? ' I f, U p a li, w h ile t h a t m o n k is c o n sid er ing, he k n o w s th u s : T h is u n d e r ta k in g on m y o w n b e h a lf is u n co n n e cted w ith th e g o a l ,3 n o t c o n n e c te d w ith i t / U p a li,
1 a tta d a n a m d d d tu k d m e n a . V A . 12 8 8 s a y s " h e r e a m o n k w is h in g t o s e a r c h (o r p u r i f y , so d h etu ) t h e t e a c h i n g w h a t e v e r l e g a l q u e s t io n h e u n d e r t a k e s o n h i s o w n b e h a li (or, a p p r o p r i a t e s t o h im s e lf , a tta n d d d iy a ti) , t h a t is c a lle d a ttc id a n a ** * V A . 12 8 8 s a y s a w r o n g t i m e m e a n s w h e n t h e r e i s f e a r o f k in g s , o f t h ie v e s , o f a s c a r c i t y o f fo o d , o r i f i t is t h e r a in s - s e a s o n . * V A . 12 8 8 : i t le a d s t o d a n g e r t o lif e , d a n g e r t o t h e B r a h m a - f a r i n g .

345 th a t u n d e rta k in g on h is ow n b e h a lf sh o u ld n o t b e u n d e rta k e n . B u t if, U p a li, w h ile th a t m o n k is co n sid erin g , h e k n o w s th u s : T h is u n d e rta k in g on m y ow n b e h a lf is c o n n e cte d w ith th e go al, n o t u n c o n n e c te d w ith i t / U p a li, it sh o u ld be fu rth e r co n sid ered b y t h a t m o n k : W ill I , u n d e r ta k in g th is u n d e r ta k in g on m y ow n b e h a lf, a t t r a c t 1 m o n k s w h o a re co m ra d e s a n d a sso cia tes to m y sid e in a c co rd a n c e w ith dham m a , in a c co rd a n ce w ith d iscip lin e, or n o t ? I f, U p a li, w h ile th a t m o n k is co n sid erin g , h e k n o w s th u s : I, u n d e rta k in g th is u n d e rta k in g on m y o w n b e h a lf, w ill n o t a ttr a c t m o n k s w h o are co m ra d e s a n d a sso c ia te s to m y sid e in a c co rd a n c e w ith dham m a , in a c co rd a n c e w ith d isc ip lin e / U p a li, th a t u n d e rta k in g on his o w n b e h a lf sh o u ld n ot b e u n d e rta k e n . B u t, if, U p a li, w h ile t h a t m o n k is co n sid erin g , he k n o w s th u s : [247] I, u n d e rta k in g th is u n d e rta k in g on m y o w n b e h a lf, w ill a ttr a c t m o n k s w h o are c o m ra d e s a n d a sso cia tes to m y sid e in a c c o rd an ce w ith dham m a , in a c co rd a n c e w ith d is c ip lin e / U p a li, it sh o u ld b e fu rth e r co n sid ere d b y t h a t m o n k : * F r o m m y h a v in g u n d e rta k e n th is u n d e rta k in g on m y ow n b e h a lf, w ill th e re b e fo r th e O rd e r fro m th a t so u rce strife , q u a rre l, d is p u te , c o n te n tio n , sch ism in th e O rd er, d issen sio n in th e O rd er, a lte rc a tio n in th e O rd er, d ifferen ces in th e O rd e r ,2 or n o t ? ' I f, U p a li, w h ile th is m o n k is co n sid erin g , he k n o w s th u s : ' F r o m m y h a v in g u n d e rta k e n th is u n d e r ta k in g on m y o w n b e h a lf, th e re w ill b e fo r th e O rd e r fro m t h a t so u rce s trife . . . d iffere n ces in th e O rd e r/ U p a li, t h a t u n d e r ta k in g sh o u ld n o t b e u n d e rta k e n on his ow n b e h a lf. B u t if, U p a li, w h ile th a t m o n k is co n sid er in g, he k n o w s th u s : ' F r o m m y h a v in g u n d e rta k e n th is u n d e r ta k in g on m y o w n b e h a lf, th e re w ill n o t b e fo r th e O rd er from th a t so u rce strife . . . d ifferen ces in th e O rd e r/ U p a li, th a t u n d e r ta k in g on h is o w n b e h a lf m a y b e u n d e rta k e n . T h u s , U p a li, if a n u n d e r ta k in g o n o n e 's ow n b e h a lf is u n d e rta k e n w h e n it is e n d o w e d w ith th e se five q u a litie s , la te r it w ill b e no ca u se fo r re m o rse . |] 4 ||
" L o rd , if a m o n k is r e p r o v in g ,3 w illin g to re p ro v e a n o th e r, w h e n he h a s co n sid ere d h o w m a n y s ta te s w ith in h im se lf m a y he re p ro v e th e o th e r ?
1 la b h is s d m i . * L i s t a s a t M V . X . 1. 6 , X . 5 1 3 ; C V . V I I . 5. 1 . 1 C /. A . v . 7 9 ff., a d d r e s s e d t o " m o n k s ."

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U p a li, if a m o n k is re p r o v in g , w illin g t o re p ro v e a n o th e r, w h e n he h a s co n sid ere d fiv e s ta te s w ith in h im s e lf m a y he re p ro v e th e o th e r. U p a li, w h e n a m o n k is re p r o v in g , w illin g to re p ro v e a n o th e r, h e sh o u ld co n sid e r th u s : N o w , a m I q u ite p u re in b o d ily c o n d u c t ,1 a m I p o ssessed o f p u re b o d ily c o n d u c t, fla w less, fa u ltle s s ? Is th is s ta te fo u n d in m e, or not? I f, U p a li, th is m o n k is n o t q u ite p u re in b o d ily c o n d u c t, is n o t po ssessed o f b o d ily c o n d u c t t h a t is q u ite p u re , flaw less, fa u ltle ss , th e re w ill b e th o se w h o w ill s a y t o h im : P le a s e do y o u , v e n e ra b le one, tra in y o u r s e lf a s t o b o d y ' th u s w ill th o se s a y to h im . A n d a g ain , U p a li, if a m o n k is re p ro v in g , w illin g to re p ro v e an o th er, h e sh o u ld c o n sid er th u s : ' N o w , a m I q u ite p u re in th e c o n d u c t o f sp ee ch , a m I p o ssessed o f c o n d u c t in sp ee ch th a t is q u ite p u re , fla w less, fa u ltle s s ? Is th is s ta te fo u n d in m e, o r n o t ? I f, U p a li, th a t m o n k is n o t q u ite p u re in th e co n d u c t o f sp eech . ' P le a se d o y o u , v e n e ra b le one, tr a in y o u rs e lf as to sp e e c h ' th u s w ill th o s e s a y to h im . " A n d a g a in , U p a li, if a m o n k is re p ro v in g , w illin g to re p ro v e an o th er, h e sh o u ld c o n sid e r th u s : N o w is a m in d o f lo v in g kin d n ess, w ith o u t m a lic e to w a r d s m y fe llo w B ra h m a -fa re rs , e sta b lish ed in m e ? [248] I s th is s ta te fo u n d in m e, o r n o t ? ' I f, U p a li, a m in d o f lo v in g -k in d n e s s , w ith o u t m a lic e to w a r d s his fe llo w B ra h m a -fa re rs, is n o t e s ta b lis h e d in th e m o n k , th e re w ill b e th o se w h o w ill s a y to h im : ' P le a s e d o y o u , v e n e ra b le one, e sta b lish a m in d o f lo v in g -k in d n e s s to w a r d s y o u r fe llo w B ra h m a -fa re rs 1 th u s th o se w ill s a y t o h im . " A n d a g a in , U p a li, if a m o n k is re p ro v in g , w illin g to re p ro v e a n o th e r, h e sh o u ld co n sid e r th u s : ' N o w , a m I one w h o h a s h e a rd m u ch , a n e x p e r t in th e h e a rd , a sto re h o u se o f th e h e a r d ? T h o se th in g s w h ic h a re lo v e ly a t th e b e g in n in g , lo v e ly in th e m id d le, lo v e ly a t th e e n d in g , a n d w h ic h , w ith th e sp irit, w ith th e le tte r, d eclare th e B r a h m a - fa r in g u t t e r ly fu lfille d , w h o lly purified axe su c h th in g s m u c h h e a rd b y m e, le a rn t b y h e a rt, re p e a te d o u t lo u d , p o n d e red u p o n , c a r e fu lly a tte n d e d to , w ell p e n e tra te d b y v isio n ?2 N o w , is th is s ta te fo u n d in m e, or n o t ? ' I f, U p a li, th e m o n k h a s n o t h e a r d m u c h . . . if su ch

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th in gs h a v e n o t b e en . . . w e ll p e n e tra te d b y v isio n , th e re w ill be th o se w h o w ill s a y to h im : 4 P le a se do y o u , v e n e ra b le one, m a ste r th e tr a d itio n 91 th e re w ill be th o se w h o sp e a k th u s t o h im . " A n d a g a in , U p a li, if a m o n k is re p ro v in g , w illin g to re p ro v e a n o th er, h e sh o u ld c o n sid e r th u s : N o w ,2 are b o th th e P a t im o k k h a s p r o p e r ly h a n d e d d o w n 3 to m e in d e ta il, p ro p e r ly sectio n ed , p r o p e r ly re g u la te d , p r o p e r ly in v e s tig a te d cla u se b y clause, as t o th e lin g u is tic fo rm ? Is th is s ta te fo u n d in m e, or n o t ? I f, U p a li, th e tw o P a tim o k k h a s a re n o t p ro p e r ly h a n d e d d o w n to th e m o n k in d e ta il . . . as to th e lin g u is tic form , a n d if t h e y s a y : * N o w w h ere, y o u r re v e re n c e , w a s th is sp ok en b y th e L o rd ? a n d if q u e stio n e d th u s h e is n o t a b le to e x p la in , th e re w ill b e th o se w h o w ill s a y to h im : P le a se d o y o u , v e n e ra b le one, m a s te r d isc ip lin e ' th e re w ill be th o se w h o sp e a k th u s t o h im . U p a li, if a m o n k is re p ro v in g , w illin g to re p ro v e a n o th e r, w h e n he h a s co n sid ere d th e se fiv e s ta te s w ith in h im self, he m a y re p ro v e th e o th e r. |j x || " L o rd , i f a m o n k is re p r o v in g , 5 w illin g to re p ro v e a n o th e r, h a v in g ca u se d h o w m a n y s ta te s to b e s e t u p w ith in h im self, m a y he re p ro v e th e o th e r ? " U p a li, if a m o n k is re p ro v in g , w illin g to re p ro v e a n o th e r, h a v in g ca u se d fiv e s ta te s t o b e set u p w ith in h im self, m a y h e re p ro v e th e o th e r. I f h e th in k s , I w ill s p e a k a t a r ig h t tim e , n ot a t a w ro n g tim e ;6 I w ill s p e a k a b o u t f a c t 7 n o t a b o u t w h a t is n o t fa c t ; I w ill s p e a k w ith g e n tle n e ss, n o t w ith h arsh n ess ; I w ill s p e a k a b o u t w h a t is c o n n e cte d w ith th e g o a l, n o t a b o u t
1 a g a m a ; h e r e in o p p o s it io n t o v in a y a , s e e n e x t c la u s e . O n agat& gam a , o n e t o w h o m t h e t r a d i t i o n h a s b e e n h a n d e d d o w n , s e e B . D . ii i. 7 1 , n . 1 . 4 A s a t V i n . i v . 51 ( B . D . ii. 2 6 6 , w h e r e s e e n o t e s ) , a n d a b o v e C V . I V . 14. 19 . a d g a td n i ; c f . agat& gam a a n d s u ttd g a ta a t e .g . V i n . i v . 1 4 4 [ B .D . iii. 4 3 , n. 5 ). 4 V A . 1 2 8 9 e x p la in s , ** in w h ic h t o w n w a s t h i s r u le o f t r a i n i n g s p o k e n b y t h e L o r d ? ** t h u s m a k in g " w h e r e r e f e r t o l o c a l i t y a n d n o t t o c o n t e x t . * C f . A , iii. 1 9 6 , w h e r e t h i s p a s s a g e is p u t i n t o t h e m o u t h o f S a r i p u t t a , A . v . 81 (ad d ressed to m o n k s). T h e f iv e r e c u r a t D . iii. 2 3 6 . C f . a ls o M . i. 956 C f . M . 1 . 1 2 6 , A . iii. 2 4 3 . V A . 12 8 9 e x p la in s '* o n e m o n k h a v i n g o b t a i n e d le a v e f r o m a n o t h e r (to r e p r o v e h i m ) , w h e n h e is r e p r o v i n g h im s p e a k s a t a r i g h t t im e . B u t r e p r o v in g h im in t h e m i d s t o f a n O r d e r o r a g r o u p , in a h u t w h e r e t i c k e t s a n d c o n je y a r e d is t r ib u t e d , in a q u a d r a n g u l a r b u ild in g , w h e n h e is w a lk in g f o r a lm s , o n a r o a d , o n a s e a t o r in a h a ll, w h e n h e is a m o n g h is s u p p o r t e r s , o r a t t h e m o m e n t o f t h e I n v i t a t i o n t h i s is c a l le d a t a w r o n g t i m e / ' 7 b h u te n a , a b o u t w h a t h a s h a p p e n e d . V A . 1 2 9 0 e x p l a in s b y ta cch a , w h a t is t r u e , r e a l, ju s t ifie d .

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w h a t is u n c o n n e c te d w ith th e g o a l ; I w ill s p e a k w ith a m ind o f lo v in g -k in d n e ss, n o t w ith in n e r h a tr e d / U p a li, if a m o n k is re p ro v in g , w illin g to re p ro v e a n o th e r, h a v in g m a d e these fiv e s ta te s to b e se t u p w ith in h im self, h e m a y re p ro v e th e o th e r / ' || 2 H " L o rd , in h o w m a n y w a y s m a y rem o rse b e c a u s e d in a m o n k w h o re p ro v e s a c c o rd in g to w h a t is n o t th e ru le ? [249] U p a li, in fiv e w a y s 1 m a y rem o rse b e c a u se d in a m o n k w h o re p ro v e s a c c o rd in g to w h a t is n o t th e ru le. O n e s a y s : ' T h e v e n e ra b le on e re p ro v e d a t a w ro n g tim e , n o t a t a rig h t tim e y o u h a v e n eed fo r re m o rse .2 T h e v e n e ra b le one re p ro v e d a b o u t w h a t is n o t fa c t, n o t a b o u t w h a t is fa c t y o u h a v e need fo r rem o rse. T h e v e n e ra b le o n e re p ro v e d w ith h arsh n ess, n o t w ith g e n tle n e ss . . . w ith w h a t is u n co n n e cte d w ith th e g o a l, n o t w ith w h a t is c o n n e c te d w ith th e g o a l . . * w ith in n e r h a tre d , n o t w ith a m in d o f lo v in g -k in d n e s s y o u h a v e n eed fo r re m o rse / U p a li, in th e s e fiv e w a y s m a y rem orse b e ca u se d in a m o n k w h o re p ro v e s a c c o rd in g to w h a t is n ot th e ru le. W h a t is th e re a so n fo r th is ? T o th e en d th a t no o th e r m o n k m ig h t th in k t h a t o n e m ig h t b e re p ro v e d a b o u t w h a t is n o t f a c t ." || 3 || " B u t , L o rd , in h o w m a n y w a y s m a y no rem o rse b e ca u se d in a m o n k w h o h as been re p ro v e d a c c o rd in g to w h a t is n o t th e rule ? " U p a li, in fiv e w a y s m a y n o rem o rse b e ca u se d in a m onk w h o h a s b een re p ro v e d a c c o rd in g to w h a t is n o t th e ru le. O ne s a y s : * T h e v e n e ra b le o n e re p ro v e d a t a w ro n g tim e , n o t at a rig h t tim e y o u h a v e n o n e e d fo r re m o rse .3 T h e v e n e ra b le one re p ro v e d . . . w ith in n er h a tre d , n o t w ith a m in d of lo v in g -k in d n e ss y o u h a v e n o n e e d fo r re m o rse / U p a li, in th ese fiv e w a y s m a y n o rem o rse b e ca u se d in a m o n k w h o has been re p ro v e d a c c o rd in g to w h a t is n o t th e r u le / || 4 || L o rd , in h o w m a n y w a y s m a y no rem o rse b e ca u se d in a m o n k w h o re p ro v e s a c c o rd in g to ru le ? " In fiv e w a y s ,4 U p a li, m a y n o rem o rse b e ca u se d in a m onk
1 * 8 4 C/. A H ere H ere C/. A . iii. 1 9 7 . p r e s u m a b ly t h e r e p r o v e r is b e in g s p o k e n t o . t h e o n e r e p r o v e d is b e in g s p o k e n t o . . iii. 19 8 .

C U L L A V A G G A IX 5-5-7] 349 w h o re p ro v e s a c c o rd in g to ru le. O n e s a y s : T h e v e n e ra b le one re p ro v e d a t a r ig h t tim e , n o t a t a w ro n g tim e y o u h a v e no n eed fo r rem o rse. T h e v e n e ra b le o n e re p ro v e d . . . n o t w ith in n e r h a tre d , b u t w ith a m in d o f lo v in g -k in d n e s s y o u h a v e n o n eed fo r re m o rse .' In th e se fiv e w a y s , U p a li, m a y n o rem orse be ca u se d in a m o n k w h o re p ro v e s a c c o rd in g to ru le. W h a t is th e re a so n ? T o th e e n d t h a t a n o th e r m o n k sh o u ld th in k t h a t on e sh o u ld b e re p ro v e d a b o u t w h a t is f a c t ." || 5 [| '* B u t, L o rd , in h o w m a n y w a y s m a y rem o rse be ca u sed in a m o n k w h o h a s b een re p ro v e d a c c o rd in g to ru le ? " I n fiv e w a y s , U p a li, m a y rem o rse be c a u s e d in a m o n k w h o h a s b e e n re p ro v e d a c c o rd in g to ru le. O n e s a y s : c T h e v e n e ra b le o n e re p ro v e d a t a rig h t tim e , n o t a t a w ro n g tim e y o u h a v e n e e d fo r rem o rse. T h e v e n e ra b le one re p ro v e d . . . n o t w ith in n e r h a tre d , b u t w ith a m in d o f lo v in g -k in d n e ss y o u h a v e n eed fo r re m o rse / U p a li, in th e se fiv e w a y s m a y rem orse b e ca u se d in a m o n k w h o h a s b een re p ro v e d a c co rd in g to th e r u le ." || 6 || L o rd , if a m o n k is re p ro v in g , w illin g to re p ro v e a n o th e r, h a v in g a tte n d e d to h o w m a n y s ta te s w ith in h im self m a y he re p ro v e th e o th e r ? " " U p a li, i f a m o n k is re p ro v in g , w illin g to re p ro v e a n o th e r, h a v in g a tte n d e d to fiv e s ta te s w ith in h im se lf, h e m a y re p ro v e th e o th e r : c o m p a ssio n , s e e k in g w e lfa re , s y m p a th y , re m o v a l o f offen ces, a im in g a t d isc ip lin e . U p a li, if a m o n k is re p ro v in g , w illin g to re p ro v e a n o th e r, h a v in g a tte n d e d to th e se fiv e s ta te s [250] w ith in h im self, h e m a y re p ro v e th e o th e r ." " B u t , L o rd , in h o w m a n y m e n ta l o b je c ts sh o u ld th e re be su p p o rt fo r a m o n k w h o h a s b e en r e p r o v e d ? U p a li, th e re sh o u ld b e su p p o rt in tw o m e n ta l o b je c ts fo r a m o n k w h o h a s b e e n r e p r o v e d : in tr u t h a n d in b e in g im p e rtu rb a b le ."1 || 7 || 5 |[ T o ld is th e N in th S e c tio n : th a t on su sp e n d in g th e P a t i m okkha. I n th is se ctio n th e re are t h i r t y ite m s. T h is is its k e y :

O n a n O b se rv a n c e so lo n g a s a d e p r a v e d m o n k d o es n o t depart,
1 a k u p p a , b e in g f r e e f r o m a n g e r , i m m o v a b l e . C f . A . iii. 19 8 , w h ic h s l ig h t l y e la b o r a t e s t h e t h o u g h t s a r e p r o v e d m o n k m i g h t h a v e .

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U rg e d off 1 b y M o g g a lla n a , a w o n d e r, in th e c o n q u e ro r's in s tru c tio n , / D e e p e n s a n d g r a d u a l tra in in g , fix e d (and) do n o t tra n sg re ss, (w ith) a co rp se (and) th e O rd e r su sp en d s, s tre a m s (and) th e y lo se, / S tre a m s (and) t h e y a tta in n ib b a n a , a n d th e o n e ta s te is freed o m , m a n y (and) dhamrna a n d d isc ip lin e to o , (great) b e in g s a n d th e e ig h t a r iy a n m e n :2 / H a v in g m a d e it lik e th e o c e a n , h e te lls of e x c e lle n c e 3 in th e te a c h in g . P a tim o k k h a on a n O b s e rv a n c e d a y , no o n e k n o w s a b o u t u s ," / 1 4 In c a s e ," t h e y lo o k e d d o w n u p o n . O n e, tw o , th re e , fo u r, fiv e , s ix , se v e n , e ig h t, a n d n in e a n d te n . / (O ne of) m o ra l h a b it, g o o d h a b its , r ig h t v ie w s a n d m o d e of liv e lih o o d th e fo u r d iscip les, d e fe a t a n d e n ta ilin g a F o r m a l M e e tin g , o f e x p ia tio n , th a t o u g h t to b e co n fe sse d , / W ro n g -d o in g a m o n g th e fiv e fo ld d iv is io n s a s th e y are, an d fa llin g a w a y fro m m o ra l h a b it a n d g o o d h a b its , a n d w ith w h a t h a s n o t b e e n d o n e a n d h a s b e en d o n e 4 in th e s ix d iv is io n s as t h e y a re, / A n d a b o u t d e fe a t a n d e n ta ilin g a F o r m a l M eetin g, a g r a v e o ffen ce a n d o n e o f e x p ia tio n a n d lik e w ise one t h a t o u g h t to b e c o n fe sse d a n d one o f w ro n g d o in g a n d o n e o f w ro n g sp e e c h , / F a llin g a w a y fro m m o ra l h a b it a n d g o o d h a b its a n d fa llin g a w a y fro m r ig h t v ie w s a n d m o d e o f liv e lih o o d , a n d th o se e ig h t d o n es a n d n o t d o n e s w ith one a s to m o ra l h a b it, g o o d h a b its , r ig h t v ie w s, / A ls o n o t d o n es a n d d o n es a n d lik e w ise th e d o n e a n d n o t done a re lik e w ise sp o k e n o f a s n in e fo ld b y th e s y s t e m 5 in a c c o rd a n c e w ith fa c t, /
1 tticcu d d o . S h o u ld t h i s b e n ic c h u d d h o { fr o m n ic c h u b h a ti) p s i n S in h . r e a d in g ? O ld e n b e r g s u g g e s t s n ic c h u d d o = n ic c h u d ito . S ia m . e d n . r e a d s n ic u tth o w ith v .t . n ic c h u d d o . * T h e a r i y a n m e n a r e t h o s e w h o f o l l o w G o t a m a 's t e a c h i n g s , h is d is c ip le s . T h e e ig h t ** a r e t h e c la s s e s o f t h o s e w h o a t t a i n s t r e a m - w in n in g , o n c e - r e t u r n in g , n o r e t u r n a n d a r a h a n t s h i p a n d t h e f r u it s o f t h e s e f o u r w a y s , a g u n a tn , S in h . r e a d s g u n d . 4 S in h . a n d S ia m , r e a d , m o r e c o r r e c t l y , a k a ta y a k a td y a ca f o r O l d e n b e r g 's t e x t s a k a td k a ta y a ca . 6 n a y a to , S in h . e d n . r e a d in g ja n o ^ a .

CULLAVAGGA

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35 i

D e fe a te d , still g o in g fo rw a rd , a n d lik e w ise one w h o h a s d is a v o w e d , h e su b m its, he w ith d r a w s a c c e p ta n c e , t a lk on w ith d ra w in g a c c e p ta n c e a n d w h o e v e r / fa lls a w a y fro m m o ra l h a b it a n d g o o d h a b its, a n d lik e w ise as to fa llin g a w a y fro m rig h t v ie w s, seen, h e a rd , su s p e c te d , th e te n fo ld , th is h e sh o u ld k n o w . / A m o n k sees a m o n k , a n d a n o th e r te lls w h a t he h as s e e n / a p u re one te lls h im o f it h im s e lf :2 h e su sp e n d s th e P a t i m okkha. / I f it re m o v e s its e lf on a c c o u n t o f a d a n g e r k in g s, th ie v e s, fire, w a te r a n d h u m a n b e in g s a n d n o n -h u m a n b e in g s a n d b e a s ts o f p r e y a n d cre e p in g th in g s, to life, to th e B r a h m a (fa rin g) / B e c a u s e o f a c e rta in one o f th e te n , o r a s to one a m o n g th e o th ers, a n d he sh o u ld k n o w ju s t w h a t is le g a lly v a lid , w h a t is n o t le g a lly v a lid as it a cco rd s w ith th e w a y . / [2 51] T h e r ig h t tim e (and) a c c o rd in g to fa c t (and) c o n n e cte d w ith th e g o a l, " I w ill a t t r a c t / ' T h e re w ill b e / ' C o n d u c t o f b o d y a n d sp ee ch , lo v in g -k in d n e s s, g re a t le a rn in g ,3 b o th . / H e sh o u ld re p ro v e a t th e rig h t tim e, a b o u t fa c t, w ith g en tlen ess, a b o u t th e g o a l ,4 w ith lo v in g -k in d n e s s .4 A s a sp eech sh o u ld d isp el rem o rse c a u se d b y w 'hat is n o t th e ru le / I t d isp els th e rem o rse o f one w h o re p ro v e s o r w h o is re p ro v e d a c co rd in g to ru le. C o m p assio n , se e k in g w e lfa re , s y m p a th y , re m o v a l, a im in g a t / T h e c o n d u c t fo r one re p r o v in g is e x p la in e d 5 b y th e S e lf a w a k e n e d O n e. A n d th e p ro p e r co u rse fo r th e re p ro v e d one is in th e tr u th as w e ll as in b e in g im p e rtu rb a b le . [252]
1 T e x t : v ip a ss* a n n o cd r o ca ti ; S in h . e d n . : a n n o cd r o ca y d t a m ; S ia m . e d n . a n n o c d r o c a y d ii ta m . * T e x t : ta m s u d d h e v a ta s s a a k k h d ti. O ld e n b e r g s u g g e s t s a t V i n . ii. 3 2 6 ta m s v eva ta s sa a k k h d ti . S in h . a n d S ia m . e d a s . r e a d s u d d h o v a ta s sa a k k h d ti . 9 bd h u sa cca tft. O ld e n b e r g s u g g e s t s a t V i n . ii. 3 2 6 b d k u su c c a m . But b d h u sa cca = b a h u s s u ia a t e .g . C V . I X . 5 . 1 . T h e w o r d a ls o o c c u r s a t M . i. 4 4 5 ; A . i . 38 {b a k u - s h o u ld h e r e r e a d b d h u -), ii. 2 1 8 ; V i n . iii. 10 ; K h u . p . 3. I t is e x p la in e d a t M A . iii. 1 5 6 = K h u A . 1 3 4 a s b a h u ssu ta b h d v a , t h e c o n d it io n o f h a v in g h e a rd m u c h . 4 S in h . e d n . r e a d s atta m etten a f o r O ld e n b e r g s a n d S ia m , e d n / s a tth a m etten a . 6 p a k d s ita in S in h . a n d S ia m , e d n s ., a n d a s s u g g e s t e d b y O ld e n b e r g , V i n . ii. 3 2 6 , i n s t e a d o f t e x t * s p a k d s ita r p .

352

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D IV ISIO N

(C U L L A V A G G A )

A t one tim e th e A w a k e n e d O n e , th e L o rd , w a s s ta y in g a m o n g th e S a k y a n s a t K a p ila v a t t h u in th e B a n y a n m o n a s te r y .1 T h e n th e G o ta m id , P a ja p a tT th e G r e a t, a p p ro a c h e d th e L o rd ; h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d , h a v in g g re e te d th e L o r d , she sto o d a t a re sp e c tfu l d is ta n c e . A s sh e w a s s ta n d in g a t a re sp e c tfu l d ista n c e , th e G o ta m id , P a ja p a tT th e G r e a t, sp o k e th u s to th e L o rd : *' L o rd , it w e re w e ll t h a t w o m en sh o u ld o b ta in th e g o in g fo rth fro m ho m e in to h o m elessn ess in th is dham m a and d iscip lin e p ro c la im e d b y th e T r u th - fin d e r / ' " B e c a re fu l, G o ta m i, o f th e g o in g fo r th o f w o m e n fro m ho m e in to h o m elessn ess in th is dham m a a n d d is c ip lin e p ro c la im e d b y th e T r u th -fin d e r / ' A n d a se co n d tim e . . . . A n d a th ird tim e d id th e G o ta m id , P a ja p a tT th e G r e a t s p e a k th u s to th e L o r d : " L o rd , it w e re w e ll. . . . " B e c a re fu l, G o ta m i, o f th e g o in g fo r th o f w o m en fro m hom e in to h o m elessn ess in th is dham m a a n d d isc ip lin e p ro c la im e d b y th e T r u th -fin d e r . T h e n th e G o ta m id , P a ja p a tT th e G r e a t, th in k in g : T h e L o rd d o es n o t a llo w w o m e n t o g o fo r th fro m h o m e in to ho m elessn ess in th e dham m a a n d d isc ip lin e p ro c la im e d b y th e T r u th -fin d e r / ' a fflic te d , g r ie v e d , w ith a te a rfu l fa c e a n d c ry in g , h a v in g g re e te d th e L o rd , d e p a rte d k e e p in g h e r rig h t sid e to w a rd s h im . || i || T h e n th e L o r d h a v in g s ta y e d a t K a p ila v a t t h u fo r a s lo n g as he fo u n d su itin g , s e t o u t on to u r for. VesalT. G r a d u a lly , w a lk in g on to u r, he a r r iv e d a t VesalT. T h e L o rd s t a y e d th ere in VesalT in th e G r e a t G r o v e in th e G a b le d H a ll. T h e n th e G o ta m id , P a ja p a tT th e G r e a t, h a v in g h a d h e r h a ir c u t off, h a v in g d o n n ed sa ffro n ro b es, se t o u t fo r VesalT w it h se v e ra l S a k y a n w o m en , a n d in d u e co u rse a p p ro a c h e d VesalT, th e G re a t G ro ve , th e G a b le d H a ll. T h e n th e G o ta m id , P a ja p a tT th e G re a t, h er fe e t sw o llen , h e r lim b s c o v e r e d w ith d u s t, w ith te a rfu l face, a n d c ry in g , sto o d o u ts id e th e p o rch o f th e g a te w a y .
D o w n t o e n d o f X . \ o c c u r s a ls o a t A . i v . 2 7 4 9.

353 [253] T h e v e n e ra b le A n a n d a sa w th e G o ta m id , P a ja p a ti th e G re a t, sta n d in g o u tsid e th e p o rch o f th e g a te w a y , h e r fe e t sw o llen , her lim b s c o v e re d w ith d u st, w ith te a rfu l fa c e a n d c r y in g ; seein g her, h e sp o k e th u s to th e G o ta m id , P a ja p a ti the G re a t : " W h y are y o u , G o ta m i, sta n d in g . . . a n d c r y in g ? " Tt is b e ca u se, h o n o u red A n a n d a , th e L o rd does not a llo w the g o in g fo rth o f w o m en fro m h o m e in to hom elessness in th e dhamma an d d isc ip lin e p ro c la im e d b y th e T ru th -tin d e r." " W e ll n ow , G o ta m i, s t a y 1 here a m o m e n t ,2 u n til I h a v e a sk e d th e L o rd fo r th e g o in g fo rth o f w o m en fro m hom e in to hom elessn ess in th e dham m a a n d d iscip lin e p ro cla im ed b y th e T ru th -fin d e r." |j 2 || T h e n th e v e n e ra b le A n a n d a a p p ro a c h e d th e L o rd ; h a v in g a p p ro a ch e d , h a v in g g re e te d th e L o rd , he s a t d ow n a t a re sp e c tfu l d ista n c e . A s he w a s s ittin g d o w n a t a re sp e ctfu l d ista n c e , th e v e n e ra b le A n a n d a sp o k e th u s to th e L o r d ; " L o rd , th is G o ta m id , P a ja p a t i th e G re a t, is sta n d in g o u tsid e th e p o rch o f th e g a te w a y , h e r fe e t sw o llen , h er lim b s co v e re d w ith d u st, w ith te a rfu l fa c c a n d c ry in g , a n d s a y in g th a t th e L o rd does n ot a llo w th e g o in g fo rth o f w om en fro m hom e in to hom elessness in th e dham m a a n d d iscip lin e p ro cla im ed b y th e T ru th -fin d e r. I t w ere w ell, L o rd , if w o m en m ig h t o b ta in th e g o in g fo rth fro m h o m e . . . b y th e T ru th -fin d er.'* " B e c a re fu l, A n an d a, o f th e g o in g fo rth o f w om en from hom e . . . b y th e T r u th -fin d e r . " A n d a seco n d tim e. . . . A n d a th ir d tim e th e v e n e ra b le A n an d a sp o k e th u s to th e L o rd : " I t w ere w ell, L o rd , if w o m en m ig h t o b ta in th e g o in g fo rth . . . p ro c la im e d b y th e T ru th -fin d e r . 3 B e c a re fu l, A n an d a, o f th e g o in g fo rth o f w om en fro m hom e in to ho m elessn ess in th e dhamma a n d d iscip lin e p ro cla im ed b y th e T r u th -fin d e r . T h e n th e v e n e ra b le A n an d a, th in k in g : T h e L o rd does n o t a llo w th e g o in g fo rth o f w o m en from h o m e in to ho m elessn ess in th e dham m a a n d d iscip lin e p ro c la im e d b y th e T ru th -fin d e r. S u p p o se n o w t h a t I, b y som e o th e r m e th o d , sh o u ld a sk th e L o rd fo r th e g o in g fo rth o f w om en
i h o h i, a N o t in A . v e r s io n . * S e e V i n ii. 2 8 9 w h e r e A n a n d a w a s c h a r g e d a t t h e C o u n c il o f R & ja g a h a w ith h a v i n g p e r s u a d e d G o t a m a t o a d m i t w o m e n t o t h e O r d e r , t h u s c a u s in g it s d e c a y .

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B O O K OF D I S C I P L I N E 354 fro m h o m e in to ho m elessn ess in th e dham m a a n d d iscip lin e p ro c la im e d b y th e T r u th -fin d e r . T h e n th e v e n e ra b le A n a n d a sp o k e th u s to th e L o rd : " N o w , L o rd , are w o m en , h a v in g g o n e fo rth fro m h o m e in to h om elessn ess in th e dham m a a n d d isc ip lin e p ro c la im e d b y th e T ru th -fin d e r, a b le to re a lise th e fr u it o f s tr e a m -a tta in m e n t or th e fr u it o f o n c e -re tu rn in g o r th e fru it o f n o n -re tu rn in g or p e rfe ctio n ? " W o m e n , A n a n d a , h a v in g g o n e fo r th . . . are a b le to realise . . , p e r fe c tio n / ' " I f, L o rd , w o m e n , h a v in g g o n e fo r th . . . a re a b le to realise . . . p e rfe c tio n a n d , L o rd , th e G o ta m id , P a ja p a t i th e G re a t, w a s o f g re a t s e rv ic e : she w a s th e L o r d 's a u n t, [254] fo ste rm o th er, n urse, g iv e r o f m ilk , fo r w h e n th e L o r d 's m o th e r passed a w a y sh e s u c k le d h im 1 it w e re w e ll, L o r d , th a t w o m e n sh o u ld o b ta in th e g o in g fo r th fro m h o m e in to h o m elessn ess in th e dham m a a n d d iscip lin e p ro c la im e d b y th e T r u th -fin d e r . j| 3 || " I f, A n a n d a , th e G o ta m id , P a ja p a t i th e G r e a t, a c c e p ts eigh t im p o rta n t ru le s ,2 t h a t m a y b e o rd in a tio n 3 fo r h e r : " A n u n w h o h a s b e e n o rd a in e d (even) fo r a c e n tu r y m u st g re e t re s p e c tfu lly , rise u p fro m h er s e a t, sa lu te w ith jo in e d p a lm s, d o p ro p e r h o m a g e to a m o n k o rd a in e d b u t t h a t d a y . A n d th is ru le is t o b e h o n o u re d , re sp e c te d , re v e re d , v e n e ra te d , n e v e r to b e tra n sg re sse d d u rin g h e r life . A n u n m u st n o t s p e n d th e ra in s in a re sid e n ce w h e re th e re is n o m o n k . T h is ru le to o is t o be h o n o u re d . . . d u rin g h e r life. E v e r y h a lf m o n th a n u n sh o u ld d esire tw o th in g s fro m th e O rd e r o f m o n k s : th e a s k in g (as to th e d a te) o f th e O b se rv a n c e d a y , a n d th e c o m in g fo r th e e x h o r ta tio n . T h is ru le to o is t o b e h o n o u re d . . . d u rin g h er life. A ft e r th e ra in s a n u n m u s t ' in v ite ' b e fo re b o th O rd ers in re sp e c t o f th re e m a tte r s : w h a t w a s seen , w h a t w a s h e a rd , w h a t w a s su sp e c te d . T h is ru le to o is to b e h o n o u re d . , . d u rin g h er life .
1 S e e M . iii. 2 5 3 . 1 g a r u d h a m m S . S e e B . D . ii. 2 6 6 , n . 1 1 . B e s id e s a t A . i v , 2 7 6 , t h e s e r u le s a r e g iv e n a t V i n . i v . 5 1 (s e e B . D . ii. 2 6 8 - 9 f o r n o t e s ) . A A . i v . 1 3 4 s a y s t h a t m a y b e h e r g o in g f o r t h a s w e l l a s (h e r ) o r d i n a t i o n / ' S h e w o u l d n o t t h e r e f o r e h a v e t o p a s s t w o y e a r s a s a p r o b a t io n e r , a n d t h i s p r a c t i c e w ill n o d o u b t h a v e b e e n in t r o d u c e d l a t e r , a f t e r a n O r d e r o f n u n s h a d b e e n in b e in g f o r s o m e t im e .

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A nun, o ffen d in g a g a in s t an im p o r ta n t ru le, m u st u n d erg o manatta (discipline) fo r h a lf a m o n th b e fo re b o th O rd ers. T h is rule to o m u st b e h o n o u re d * . . d u rin g h e r life. 4 * W h e n , as a p ro b a tio n e r, sh e h a s tra in e d in th e s ix rules fo r tw o y e a rs, sh e sh o u ld se e k o rd in a tio n fro m b o th O rd ers. T h is ru le to o is t o b e h o n o u re d . . . d u rin g h er life. A m o n k m u st n o t b e a b u se d o r re v ile d in a n y w a y b y a n un. T h is ru le to o is to b e h o n o u re d . . . d u rin g h er life. F r o m to - d a y a d m o n itio n o f m o n k s b y n u n s is fo rb id d en , a d m o n itio n of n u n s b y m o n k s is n o t fo rb id d e n . T h is ru le to o is to b e h o n o u red , re sp e cte d , re v e re d , v e n e ra te d , n e v e r to be tra n sg ressed d u rin g h er life. " I f, A n a n d a , th e G o ta m id , P a ja p a t i th e G re a t, a c c e p ts th ese e ig h t im p o rta n t ru les, t h a t m a y b e o rd in a tio n fo r h e r . || 4 I I T h e n th e v e n e ra b le A n a n d a , h a v in g le a rn t th e e ig h t im p o rt a n t ru les fro m th e L o rd , a p p ro a c h e d th e G o ta m id , P a ja p a ti th e G re a t ; h a v in g a p p ro a ch e d , h e sp o k e th u s to th e G o ta m id , P a ja p a ti th e G r e a t : I f y o u , G o ta m i, w ill a c c e p t e ig h t im p o r ta n t ru les, th a t w ill b e th e o rd in a tio n fo r y o u : a n u n w h o h a s b een o rd a in e d (even) for a c e n tu ry . . . . F r o m to - d a y a d m o n itio n o f m o n k s b y n u n s is fo rb id d e n . . . n e v e r to b e tra n sg re ssed d u rin g y o u r life. I f y o u , G o ta m i, w ill a c c e p t th e se e ig h t im p o rta n t ru les, th a t w ill b e th e o rd in a tio n fo r y o u . '* E v e n ,1 h o n o u red A n a n d a , as a w o m a n o r a m a n w h en y o u n g , o f te n d e r y e a rs, a n d fo n d o f o rn a m e n ts, h a v in g w a sh e d (him self a n d his) h e a d , [255] h a v in g o b ta in e d a g a rla n d o f lo tu s flo w ers o r a g a rla n d o f ja s m in e flo w ers o r a g a rla n d o f som e sw e e t-sce n te d cree p e r, h a v in g ta k e n it w ith b o th h a n d s, sh o u ld p la c e it on to p o f his h e a d e v e n so do I, h o n o u re d A n a n d a , a c c e p t th e se e ig h t im p o rta n t ru le s n e v e r to be tra n sg re ssed d u rin g m y life . |j 5 || T h e n th e v e n e ra b le A n a n d a a p p ro a c h e d th e L o rd : h a v in g a p p ro a ch e d , h a v in g g re e te d th e L o rd , he s a t d o w n a t a re sp e ctfu l d ista n ce. A s h e w a s s ittin g d o w n a t a re sp e c tfu l d ista n ce, th e v e n e ra b le A n a n d a sp o k e th u s to th e L o rd : L o rd , th e e ig h t im p o r ta n t ru les w e re a c c e p te d b y th e G o ta m id , P a ja p a ti th e G r e a t .
1 B e s id e s a t A . i v . 2 78 t h i s s im ile o c c u r s a t M . i. 3 2 , a n d t h e f ir s t p a r t a t V in . iii. 68 (se e B . D . i. 1 1 7 f o r n o t e s ) .

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I f, A n a n d a , w o m e n h a d n o t o b ta in e d th e g o in g fo rth from ho m e in to h o m elessn ess in th e dham m a a n d d iscip lin e p ro cla im ed b y th e T ru th -fin d e r, th e B ra h m a -fa rin g , A n a n d a , w o u ld h a v e la ste d lo n g , tru e dham m a w o u ld h a v e en d u red fur a th o u sa n d y e a rs . B u t sin ce, A n a n d a , w o m e n h a v e g o n e fo rth . . . in th e dham m a a n d d is c ip lin e p ro c la im e d b y th e T r u th finder, n o w , A n a n d a , th e B r a h m a -fa r in g w ill n o t la s t long, tru e dham m a w ill e n d u re o n ly fo r fiv e h u n d re d y e a rs. E v e n , A n a n d a , a s th o se h o u seh o ld s w h ic h h a v e m a n y w o m e n a n d fe w m en e a s ily fa ll a p r e y to ro b b ers, to p o t- th ie v e s ,1 e v e n so, A n a n d a in w h a te v e r dham m a a n d d iscip lin e w om en o b ta in th e g o in g fo r th fro m h o m e in to hom elessn ess, th a t B ra h m a -fa rin g w ill n o t la s t lo n g . " E v e n , A n a n d a , a s w h e n th e d isease k n o w n as m ild e w 2 a tta c k s a w h o le field o f rice t h a t field o f rice d o es n o t la s t lo n g, e v e n so, A n a n d a , in w h a te v e r dham m a a n d d iscip lin e w o m e n o b ta in th e g o in g fo rth . . . t h a t B r a h m a -fa r in g w ill n o t la s t lo n g. E v e n , A n a n d a , a s w h e n th e d isease k n o w n as red r u s t 3 a tta c k s a w h o le field o f su g a r-c a n e , t h a t field o f su g a r-can e does n o t la s t lo n g , e v e n so, A n a n d a , in w h a te v e r dham m a an d d iscip lin e . . . th a t B r a h m a - fa r in g w ill n o t la s t lon g. E v e n , A n a n d a , as a m a n ,4 lo o k in g fo rw a rd , m a y b u ild a d y k e to a g re a t re se rv o ir so t h a t th e w a te r m a y n o t o ve rflo w , e v e n so, A n a n d a , w ere th e e ig h t im p o r ta n t ru les fo r n u n s la id d o w n b y m e, lo o k in g fo rw a rd , n o t to b e tra n sg re ssed d u rin g th e ir life . U 6 || 1 || T o ld a re th e E ig h t I m p o r ta n t R u le s fo r N u n s. T h e n th e G o ta m id , P a ja p a t i th e G r e a t a p p ro a c h e d th e L o rd ; h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d , h a v in g g re e te d th e L o rd , sh e sto o d a t a re sp e c tfu l d ista n c e . A s sh e w a s s ta n d in g a t a re sp e ctfu l d is ta n c e , th e G o ta m id , P a ja p a t i th e G r e a t sp o k e th u s to th e L o rd :
1 k u m b h a lih e n a k a . V A . 1 2 9 1 s a y s " h a v i n g lit a l i g h t in a p o t , b y it s lig h t t h e y s e a r c h o th e rs* h o u s e s f o r b o o t y . " A A . i v . 1 3 6 is t h e s a m e , a n d S A . ii. 223 v e r y s im ila r . T h e s im ile o c c u r s a ls o a t 5 * ii. 2 6 4 . * seta tth ik a , w h it e - a s - b o n e s . S e e l i . D . i. 1 1 , n . 4 . G .S . i v . 18 5 , n . 2. g i v e s e x p l a n a t i o n o f A A . i v . 1 3 6 ( = V A . 1 2 9 1 o n a b o v e ) ; s o m e in s e c t b o r e s t h e s t e m , s o t h a t t h e h e a d o f t h e p a d d y is u n a b le t o g e t t h e s a p . 8 m a H jetth ik a . V A . 12 9 1 e x p la in s t h a t t h e e n d s o f t h e s u g a r c a n e s b e co m e re d ; a ls o A A . i v . 13 6 . 4 C f , lik e s im ile s a t M . i i i . 9 6 , A . iii. 28.

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N o w , w h a t lin e o f c o n d u ct, L o rd , sh o u ld I fo llo w in rega rd to these [256] S a k y a n w o m en ? T h e n th e L o rd , g la d d en e d , rejo iced , roused, d e lig h te d th e G o ta m id , P a ja p a ti th e G re a t, w ith ta lk on dham m a. T h e n th e G o ta m id , P a ja p a ti th e G re a t, g la d d en e d . . . d e lig h te d b y th e L o rd w ith ta lk on dham m a , h a v in g g ree te d th e L o rd , d e p a rte d k e ep in g h er rig h t side to w a rd s him . T h e n th e L o rd on th is o ccasio n , h a v in g g iv e n reasoned ta lk , a d d ressed th e m o n ks, s a y in g : I a llo w , m o n k s, n u n s to b e o rd a in e d b y m o n k s / '4 || i || T h e n th e se n u n s sp o k e th u s to th e G o ta m id , P a ja p a ti th e G reat : T h e la d y is n o t-o rd a in e d , n e ith e r are w e o rd ain ed , fo r it w a s th u s la id d o w n b y th e L o r d : n u n s sh ou ld b e o rd ain ed b y m o n k s . T h e n th e G o ta m id , P a ja p a ti th e G r e a t a p p ro a ch e d the ve n e ra b le A n a n d a ; h a v in g a p p ro a ch e d , h a v in g g ree te d th e v e n e ra b le A n a n d a , sh e sto o d a t a re sp e ctfu l d ista n ce. A s she w a s sta n d in g a t a re sp e c tfu l d ista n ce, th e G o ta m id , P a ja p a ti th e G re a t sp o k e th u s to th e v e n e ra b le A n a n d a : ff H o n o u red A n a n d a , th ese n u n s sp o k e to m e th u s : T h e la d y is n o t o rd ain ed , n e ith e r are w e o rd ain ed , fo r it w a s th u s la id d ow n b y th e L o rd : n u n s sh o u ld b e o rd ain e d b y m o n k s T h e n th e v e n e ra b le A n a n d a a p p ro a ch e d th e L o rd ; h a v in g a p p ro a ch e d , h a v in g g ree te d th e L o rd , he s a t d o w n a t a re sp e c tfu l d ista n c e . A s he w a s s ittin g d o w n a t a re sp e ctfu l d ista n ce, th e v e n e ra b le A n a n d a sp o k e th u s to th e L o rd : " L o r d , th e G o ta m id , P a ja p a ti th e G re a t sp o k e thus: H on ou red A n a n d a , th ese n u n s sp o k e to m e th u s . . . n u n s sh ou ld be o rd ain ed b y m o n k s V ' A t th e tim e , A n a n d a , w h en th e eig h t im p o rta n t ru les w ere a c ce p te d b y th e G o ta m id , P a ja p a ti th e G re a t, t h a t w a s her o rd in a tio n . || 2 |j 2 |j T h e n th e G o ta m id , P a ja p a t i th e G re a t a p p ro a ch e d th e v e n e ra b le A n a n d a ; h a v in g a p p ro a ch e d , h a v in g g re e te d th e ve n e ra b le A n a n d a , sh e sto o d a t a re sp e c tfu l d ista n ce. A s she w a s sta n d in g a t a re sp e c tfu l d ista n ce, th e G o ta m id , P a ja p a ti th e G re a t sp o k e th u s to th e v e n e ra b le A n a n d a : '* I, h o n o u red A n a n d a , am a s k in g o n e b oon fro m th e L o rd : I t w ere w ell,
1 C f . t h e s i x t h i m p o r t a n t r u le a b o v e . A ls o s e e B . D . iii, I n t r . p . x l i v fi.

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L o rd , if th e L o rd w o u ld a llo w g re e tin g , sta n d in g u p for, sa lu ta tio n a n d th e p ro p e r d u tie s b e tw e e n m o n k s a n d nuns a c c o rd in g to s e n io r ity . T h e n th e v e n e ra b le A n a n d a a p p ro a c h e d th e L o rd ; h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d , h a v in g g re e te d th e L o rd , h e s a t d o w n a t a re sp e c tfu l d is ta n c e . A s he w a s s ittin g d o w n a t a re sp e c tfu l d is ta n c e , th e v e n e ra b le A n a n d a sp o k e th u s to th e L o r d : " L o rd , th e G o ta m id , P a ja p a t i th e G r e a t sp o k e th u s : ' I, h o n o u red A n a n d a , a m a sk in g o n e b o o n . . . a c c o rd in g to s e n io r ity " T h is is im p o ssib le, A n a n d a , [257] it c a n n o t co m e to p ass, th a t th e T r u th -fin d e r sh o u ld a llo w g re e tin g , s ta n d in g u p for, sa lu ta tio n a n d th e p ro p e r d u tie s b e tw e e n m o n k s a n d nuns a c co rd in g to se n io rity . A n a n d a , th e se fo llo w ers o f o th e r se cts, a lth o u g h lia b le to p o o r g u a rd ia n sh ip , w ill n o t c a r r y o u t g re e tin g , sta n d in g u p fo r, s a lu ta tio n a n d p ro p e r d u tie s to w a rd s w o m e n , so h o w sh o u ld th e T ru th -fin d e r a llo w g re e tin g . . . a n d p ro p e r d u tie s to w a rd s w o m e n ? T h e n th e L o rd , on th is o cca sio n , h a v in g g iv e n re aso n ed ta lk , a d d re sse d th e m o n k s, s a y in g : " M o n k s, one sh o u ld n o t c a r r y o u t g re e tin g , risin g u p fo r s a lu ta tio n a n d p ro p e r d u tie s to w a rd s w o m e n .1 W h o e v e r sh ou ld c a r r y o u t (one o f th ese), th e re is an o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g . II 3 || T h e n th e G o ta m id , P a ja p a t i th e G r e a t a p p ro a c h e d th e L o rd ; h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d , h a v in g g r e e te d th e L o r d , sh e sto o d a t a re sp e c tfu l d is ta n c e . A s sh e w a s sta n d in g a t a re sp e c tfu l d is ta n c e , th e G o ta m id , P a ja p a t i th e G r e a t sp o k e th u s to th e L o rd ; e < L o r d , th o se ru le s o f tra in in g fo r n u n s w h ic h are in co m m o n w ith th o se fo r m o n k s ,2 w h a t lin e o f c o n d u c t sh o u ld w e, L o rd , fo llo w in re g a rd to th e s e ru le s o f tra in in g ? T h o se ru le s o f tr a in in g fo r n u n s, G o ta m i, w h ic h are in c o m m o n w ith th o se fo r m o n k s, a s th e m o n k s tr a in th e m selve s, so sh o u ld y o u tr a in y o u r s e lv e s in th e s e ru le s o f tr a in in g . T h o s e ru le s o f tr a in in g fo r n u n s, L o rd , w h ic h are n o t in co m m o n w ith th o se fo r m o n k s, w h a t lin e o f c o n d u c t sh o u ld w e , L o rd , fo llo w in re g a rd to th e se ru le s of tra in in g ?

1 A t C V . V I . 6. 5 w o m e n a r e a m o n g t h o s e n o t t o b e g r e e t e d . S e e B . D . iii, I n t r . p . x x x i i f ., x x x v i i f .

4 5.i]

359 T h o se ru les o f tra in in g fo r n u n s, G o ta m i, w h ic h are not in co m m o n w ith th o se fo r m o n k s, tra in y o u rs e lv e s in th e rules of tra in in g a c co rd in g a s t h e y are la id d o w n . || 4 ||
T h e n th e G o ta m id , P a ja p a tT th e G re a t a p p ro a c h e d th e L o rd ; h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d , h a v in g g re e te d th e L o rd , she sto o d a t a re sp e c tfu l d ista n c e . A s sh e w a s sta n d in g a t a re sp e c tfu l d ista n ce, th e G o ta m id , P a ja p a tT th e G r e a t sp o k e th u s to th e L o rd r1 L o rd , it w ere w e ll if th e L o rd w o u ld te a ch m e dhamma in b rie f so th a t I , h a v in g h e a rd th e L o r d 's dham m a , m ig h t liv e a lo n e, a lo o f, zea lo u s, a rd e n t, se lf-re so lu te . W h a te v e r are th e s ta te s ,2 o f w h ic h y o u , G o ta m i, m a y k n o w : th ese s ta te s le a d to p assio n , n o t to passionlessness, th e y le a d to b o n d a g e , n o t to th e a b sen ce o f b o n d a g e , th e y le a d to th e p ilin g u p (of re b irth ), n o t to th e a b sen ce o f p ilin g u p , th e y lea d to w a n tin g m u ch , n o t to w a n tin g little , t h e y lea d to d isc o n te n t, n o t to c o n te n tm e n t, th e y le a d to s o c ia b ility , n o t to so litu d e , t h e y lea d to in d olen ce, n o t to th e p u ttin g fo rth o f e n e rg y , [258] t h e y le a d to d iffic u lty in su p p o rtin g oneself, n o t to ease in su p p o rtin g o n e se lf y o u sh o u ld k n o w d e fin ite ly , G o ta m i : th is is n o t dham m a , th is is n o t d iscip lin e, th is is n ot th e T e a c h e r 's in stru c tio n . B u t w h a te v e r are th$ s ta te s o f w h ic h y o u , G o ta m i, m a y k n o w : th e se s ta te s le a d to passio n lessness, n o t to p assio n . . . {the opposite o f the preceding) . . . th e y le a d to ease in s u p p o rtin g oneself, n o t to d iffic u lty in s u p p o rtin g o n eself y o u sh o u ld k n o w d e fin ite ly , G o t a m i : th is is dham m a , th is is d iscip lin e, th is is th e T e a c h e r 's in stru c tio n . 3 II 5 || N o w a t t h a t tim e th e P a tim o k k h a w a s n o t re cite d to nuns. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o r d -4 H e sa id : I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to re c ite th e P a tim o k k h a to th e n u n s . T h e n it o c cu rre d to th e n u n s : N o w , b y w h o m sh o u ld th e P a tim o k k h a b e re cite d to n u n s ? T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd .
1 A s a t A , i v . 280 . * S o A A . i v . 1 3 7 (o n A . i v . 2 8 0 ). 3 V A . 1 2 9 2 a n d A A . i v . 2 3 7 s a y t h a t o n a c c o u n t o f t h is e x h o r t a t io n , P a j a p a t i a t t a i n e d a r a h a n t s h ip . 4 U s u a l l y t h e n u n s a p p r o a c h t h e L o r d o n l y t h r o u g h t h e m e d ia t io n o f t h e m on ks. H e r e i t w o u ld a p p e a r a s i f t h e m o n k s h a d t h e m s e lv e s o b s e r v e d t h a t t h e n u n s w e r e n o t h e a r in g t h e P a t i m o k k h a a n d r e p o r t e d t h e m a t t e r t o t h e L o rd on th e ir o w n in itia tiv e .

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H e sa id : " I a llo w , m o n k s, th e P a tim o k k h a to b e re cite d to n u n s b y m o n k s . N o w a t th a t tim e m o n k s, h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d a n u n n ery , re cite d th e P a tim o k k h a to n u n s .1 P e o p le lo o k e d d o w n u p o n , critic ise d , sp rea d it a b o u t, s a y in g : " T h e se a re th e ir w iv e s, th ese are th e ir m istresses ; n o w t h e y w ill ta k e th e ir p lea su re to g eth e r/* M o n k s h e a rd th e se p e o p le w h o . . . sp rea d it a b o u t. T h e n th ese m o n k s to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e said : " M on ks, th e P a tim o k k h a sh o u ld n o t b e re cite d to n u n s b y m on ks. W h o e v e r sh o u ld re cite it, th e re is an o ffen ce of w ro n g -d o in g . I a llo w , m o n k s, th e P a tim o k k h a to be recited to n u n s b y n u n s . T h e n u n s d id n o t k n o w h o w to re cite th e P a tim o k k h a . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to e x p la in to th e n u n s th r o u g h m o n k s, s a y in g ; T h e P a tim o k k h a sh o u ld be re c ite d th u s V ' || 1 || N o w a t th a t tim e n u n s d id n o t c o n fe ss 2 o ffen ces. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : M on ks, an o ffen ce sh o u ld n o t b e n o t co n fessed b y a n u n . W h o e v e r sh o u ld n o t co n fe ss it, th e re is an o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g . T h e n u n s d id n o t k n o w h o w to co n fess offen ces. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to e x p la in to th e n u n s th ro u g h m o n k s, s a y in g : 'A n o ffen ce sh o u ld b e co n fessed th u s [259] T h e n it o c cu rre d to m o n k s : " N o w , b y w h o m sh o u ld n u n s' o ffen ces b e a c k n o w le d g e d ? T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : I a llo w y o u , m o n k s to a c k n o w le d g e nuns* o ffen ces th ro u g h m o n k s . N o w a t t h a t tim e n u n s, h a v in g (each) seen a m o n k on a c a rria g e -ro a d a n d in a c u l-d e-sa c a n d a t cro ss-ro a d s ,3 h a v in g (each) la id d o w n h e r b o w l on th e g ro u n d , h a v in g a rra n g e d h er u p p e r ro b e o v e r o n e sh o u ld er, h a v in g s a t d o w n on her h a u n ch es, h a v in g sa lu te d w ith jo in e d p a lm s, co n fessed an o ffen ce. P e o p le . . . sp re a d it a b o u t, s a y i n g : T h e se are th e ir w iv e s , th e se a re th e ir m istre sses ; h a v in g tre a te d th em
1 C f . P a c . 23 w h e r e t h e m o d e s t m o n k s c o m p l a i n t h a t m o n k s g o t o t h e n u n s q u a rte rs to e x h o r t th e m . * p a tik a r o n ti. * C f . N u n s P a c . 14 , T h e s e t h r e e w o r d s a r e d e fin e d a t V i n , i v . 2 7 1 ( B .D . iii. 2 6 8 ) ; s e e a ls o V i n . i v . 1 7 6 in d e fin it io n o f " a m o n g t h e h o u s e s / *

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c o n te m p tu o u sly d u rin g th e n ig h t n o w th e y are a sk in g fo r fo rg iv e n e ss. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e s a id : " M onks, n u n s offences sh o u ld n o t b e a c k n o w le d g e d b y m on ks. W h o e v e r sh o u ld a ck n o w le d g e (one), th e re is a n offence o f w ro n g -d o in g . I a llo w , m o n k s, n u n s offences to b e a c k n o w le d g e d b y n u n s . T h e n u n s d id n o t k n o w h o w to a c k n o w le d g e o ffen ces. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : " T a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to e x p la in to th e n u n s th ro u g h m o n k s, s a y in g : A n o ffen ce sh o u ld b e a ck n o w le d g ed th u s Y ' I! 2 || N o w a t t h a t tim e (form al) a c ts 1 w e re n o t ca rried o u t for nuns. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e said : " I a llo w , m o n k s, a (form al) a c t to b e ca rrie d o u t fo r n u n s . T h e n it o ccu rre d to m o n k s : N o w , b y w h o m sh o u ld (form al) a c ts for nuns be ca rried o u t ? T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : I a llo w , m o n k s, (form al) a c ts fo r n u n s to b e carried o u t b y m o n k s . N o w a t t h a t tim e n u n s on w h o se b e h a lf (form al) a c ts h a d been ca rrie d o u t ,2 h a v in g (each) seen a m onk on a ca rria g e-ro a d a n d in a cu l-d e-sac a n d a t cross-road s, h a v in g (each) la id d o w n h er b o w l on th e g ro u n d , h a v in g a rra n g e d h er u p p er ro b e o v e r one sh o u ld er, h a v in g sa t d o w n on h er h a u n ch es, h a v in g sa lu ted w ith jo in e d p a lm s, a sk e d fo rg iv en e ss 3 th in k in g , S u re ly it sh o u ld be d o n e t h u s / A s b e fo re 4 p eo p le . . . sp rea d it a b o u t, s a y in g : T h e se a r e 't h e ir w iv e s, th e se , are th e ir m istre sse s; h a v in g tre a te d th e m c o n te m p tu o u s ly d u rin g th e n ig h t now t h e y a re a sk in g fo r fo rg iv e n e s s. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : M on ks, a (form al) a c t on b e h a lf of n u n s sh o u ld n o t b e ca rrie d o u t b y m o n ks. W h o e v e r sh o u ld (so) c a r r y o n e o u t, th e re is an o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g . I a llo w , m o n ks, n u n s to c a r r y o u t (form al) a c ts on b e h a lf o f th e n u n s. N u n s d id n o t k n o w h o w (form al) a c ts sh o u ld b e e a rn e d o u t. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : " I a llo w y o u , m o n ks, to e x p la in to th e n u n s th ro u g h m o n k s, sa y in g : A (form al) a c t sh o u ld b e ca rrie d o u t th u s \ || 3 |j 6 ||
1 V A . 1 2 9 2 s a y s " a c t s o f c e n s u r e a n d s o o n , a n d a ls o t h e s e v e n f o ld f o r m a l a c ts .'* T h e fo r m e r n u m b e r fiv e , a s a t V in . i. 4 9 . T h e le g a l q u e s t io n s a m o u n t to se v e n , a s a t V in . iv . 207, a n d p r o b a b ly th e se a r e m e a n t. 1 k a ta k a m m a . , . , ,, 3 V A . 12 9 2 s a y s , " s a y in g , 4 w e w i ll n o t a c t in s u c h a w a y a g a i n . 4 A b o v e in X . 0. z

B O O K OF D I S C I P L I N E 362 N o w a t th a t tim e n u n s, in th e m id st o f a n O rd e r ,1 [260] striv in g , q u a rre llin g , fa llin g in to d isp u te s, w o u n d in g one a n o th e r w ith th e w e a p o n s o f th e to n g u e ,2 w e re n o t a b le t o s e ttle th a t le g a l q u e stio n . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to s e ttle n u n s ' le g a l q u e stio n s b y m o n k s . N o w a t t h a t tim e m o n k s w e re s e ttlin g a le g a l q u e stio n fo r n u n s, b u t a s th a t le g a l q u e stio n w a s b e in g in v e s tig a te d th e re w e re to b e seen b o th n u n s w h o w e re e n title d to ta k e p a r t in a (form al) a c t 3 a n d th o se w h o h a d c o m m itte d a n o ffe n c e .4 T h e n u n s sp o k e th u s : " I t w e re w e ll, h o n o u re d sirs, if th e la d ie s th e m s e lv e s 6 co u ld c a r r y o u t (form al) a c ts fo r n uns, if th e la d ie s th e m s e lv e s co u ld a c k n o w le d g e an o ffen ce o f n uns, b u t it w a s th u s la id d o w n b y th e L o r d : N u n s le g a l q u e stio n s sh o u ld b e s e ttle d b y m o n k s Y T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : " I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, h a v in g c a n c e lle d 6 th e c a r r y in g o u t b y m o n k s of nuns* (form al) a c ts , to g iv e it in to th e c h a rg e o f n u n s to c a r r y o u t n u n s ' (form al) a c ts b y n u n s ; h a v in g ca n celled (the a c k n o w le d g m e n t) b y m o n k s o f n u n s ' o ffen ces, to g iv e it in to th e ch a rg e o f n u n s to a c k n o w le d g e n u n s ' offen ces b y n u n s . |1 7 || N o w a t th a t tim e th e n u n w h o w a s th e p u p il o f th e n u n U p p a la v a n n a h a d fo llo w e d a fte r th e L o rd fo r se v e n y e a rs m a ste rin g d isc ip lin e , b u t b e c a u se sh e w a s o f co n fu se d m in d fu l ness, w h a t sh e h a d le a rn t she fo r g o t. T h a t n u n h e a rd it sa id
1 C / . V in . i. 3 4 1 , M . iii. 1 5 2 . 1 m u k h a s a ttlh i v itu d a n td , n o t g o t t o b lo w s ** a s a t V i n . T e x ts iii. 3 3 3, b u t " in f lic t in g w o u n d s w i t h t h e m o u t h ." 8 k a m m a p p a tta y a a s a t M V . I X . 3 . 5 , b u t p e r h a p s h e r e , a s n u n s w e r e n o t y e t e n t it le d t o t a k e p a r t in f o r m a l a c t s , m e a n in g h a d f a ll e n i n t o t h e n e e d f o r h a v i n g a f o r m a l a c t c a r r ie d o u t o n t h e i r a c c o u n t . " T h e r e a r e t w o v . II ., s e e V in . ii. 3 2 7 . 4 d p a ttig a m in iy o . 6 a yyd v a . T h e n u n s a r e n o t a s k i n g t h e m o n k s t o d o t h e s e t h in g s , a s m a d e o u t a t V i n . T e x ts iii. 3 3 3, b u t a r e h o p i n g t o g e t t h e L o r d 's d e c r e e a lt e r e d . 6 r o p etv d . R o p e ti c a n m e a n t o d ir e c t t o w a r d s , a ls o t o c a n c e l, a n d t o p a s s o t f . P .E .D . fa v o u r s th e la tte r . V i n . T e x t s iii. 3 3 4 h a s " s e t o n f o o t / ' C orny. r e a d s avop etva ( w it h v .l. r o p e tv d ), w h ic h m e a n s : t o b r in g a b o u t , t o g e t r e a d y ; t o t e ll, t o s h o w , e t c . V A . 12 9 2 s a y s s a y i n g , 4 t h i s f o r m a l a c t a m o n g t h o s e o f c e n s u r e a n d s o o n , a g a i n s t w h o m is it t o b e c a r r ie d o u t ? 1 h a v i n g e x p la i n e d (1 a v op etva ) i t t h u s , h e s a y s * N o w y o u c a r r y i t o u t y o u r s e lv e s ' i t s h o u ld b e g i v e n i n t o t h e c h a r g e o f. B u t i f a c e r t a i n o n e w a s e x p l a in e d a n d t h e y c a r r y o u t a n o th e r, (m o n k s) s a y in g : ' T h e y a re c a r r y in g o u t a fo rm a l a c t o f g u id a n c e (n iy a s a k a m m a f o r n is s a y a k -) , a g a i n s t o n e d e s e r v in g a f o r m a l a c t o f c e n s u r e / h e r e , a c c o r d in g t o w h a t i s s a i d , t h e y s h o w w h a t s h o u ld b e c a r r ie d o u t/*

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th a t th e L o rd w ish e d to com e to S a v a tth i. T h e n it o ccu rred to th a t nun : " F o r seven y e a r s I h a v e fo llo w e d th e L o rd m a ste rin g d iscip lin e, b u t b e ca u se I a m o f co n fu sed m in d fu ln ess, w h a t I h a v e le a rn t is fo rg o tte n . H a rd it is fo r a w o m a n to fo llo w a fte r a te a c h e r fo r as lo n g as h e r life la sts. W h a t line o f c o n d u c t sh o u ld b e fo llo w e d b y m e ? T h e n th a t n u n to ld th is m a tte r to th e n u n s. T h e n u n s to ld th is m a tte r to th e m o n ks. T h e m o n k s to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : 1 1 I a llo w , m o n k s, d iscip lin e to b e ta u g h t to n u n s b y m o n k s / '
118 ||

T h e F ir s t P o rtio n fo r R e p e a tin g . T h e n th e L o rd , h a v in g s ta y e d in V e s a ll for as lo n g a s he fo u n d su itin g , set o u t on to u r fo r S a v a tth i. G r a d u a lly , w a lk in g on to u r, he a rriv e d a t S a v a tth i. T h e L o rd s ta y e d th e re a t S a v a t t h i in th e J e t a G r o v e in A n a th a p in d ik a 's [261] m o n a ste ry . N o w a t th a t tim e th e g ro u p o f s ix m o n k s sp rin k led n u n s w ith m u d d y w a te r, th in k in g : " P e rh a p s t h e y m a y b e a ttr a c te d 1 to u s / T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e said ; M onks, n u n s sh o u ld n o t b e sp rin k le d w ith m u d d y w a te r b y m o n ks. W h o e v e r sh o u ld (so) sp rin k le th e m , th e re is an offence o f w ro n g -d o in g . I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to in flict a p e n a lty 2 on th a t m o n k / ' T h e n it a ccu rre d to m o n k s : " N o w , h o w is th e p e n a lty to b e in flic te d ? T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : M on ks, th a t m o iik is to b e m a d e one w h o is n o t to be g re e te d b y th e O rd e r o f n u n s . N o w a t th a t tim e th e g ro u p o f s ix m o n k s, h a v in g u n co ve red th e ir b o d ie s . . . th ig h s . . . p r iv a te p a rts, sh o w ed th e m to n u n s ; th e y o ffe n d ed 3 n u n s, th e y a sso cia ted w ith 4 nuns, t h i n k i n g : P e rh a p s t h e y m a y be a ttr a c te d to u s / ' T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : " M onks, a m o n k , h a v in g u n c o v e re d his b o d y . . . th ig h s . . . p r iv a te p a r ts sh o u ld n o t sh o w th em to n u n s, he sh o u ld n o t o ffen d n uns, h e sh o u ld n o t asso cia te
1 s d r a jje y y u m . C f . s d r a jja ti a t C V . V . 3 . 1. a d a n 4 a k a m m a %a s a t V i n . i. 7 5 , 7 6 , 84. 3 o b h a s a n li, e x p la in e d a t V A . 12 9 2 a s a sa d d h a m m e n a o b h d se n ti. S e e a ls o V in . iii. 12 8 , a n d B u s r e m a r k s , g iv e n a t B . D . i. 2 1 6 , n . 2. * s a m p a y o je n li , V A . 1 2 9 2 s a y s m e n " a s s o c i a t e d w it h * n u n s a c c o r d in g t o w h a t is n o t t r u e d h a m m a (o r in a w r o n g w a y , a sa d d h a m m e n a ). C f. C V . I. 5 (a t th e e n d ).

B O O K OF D I S C I P L I N E 36 4 to g e th e r w ith n u n s. W h o e v e r sh o u ld (so) a ss o c ia te , th ere is an offence o f w ro n g -d o in g . I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to in flict a p e n a lty on th a t m o n k . T h e n it o c cu rre d to m o n k s : . . . (as in above paragraph ) . . . M o n k s, th a t m o n k is to bo m a d e one w h o is n o t to b e g re e te d b y th e O rd e r o f n u n s ," N o w a t th a t tim e th e g ro u p o f s ix n u n s sp rin k le d m o n k s w ith m u d d y w a te r . . . (repeat || I || down to) I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to in flict a p e n a lt y on t h a t n u n . T h e n it o ccu rred to th e m o n k s : " N o w h o w sh o u ld th e p e n a lty b e in flicte d ? T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd , H e sa id : " I a llo w y o u , m o n ks, to m a k e a p r o h ib itio n . 1 W h e n th e p ro h ib itio n w a s m ad e th e y d id n o t c o m p ly w ith it. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : " I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to su sp en d e x h o rta tio n (for h e r2) . N o w a t th a t tim e th e g ro u p o f s ix n u n s, h a v in g u n c o v e re d th e ir b o d ie s . . . th e ir b re a s ts . . . th e ir th ig h s . . . th e ir p r iv a te p a rts, sh o w e d th e m to m o n k s [262] * . . " I a llo w y o u , m o n ks, to m a k e a p r o h ib itio n / ' W h e n th e p ro h ib itio n w a s m a d e th e y d id n o t c o m p ly w ith it. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to su spen d e x h o rta tio n (for h e r). || 2 H T h e n it o c c u rre d to m o n k s : " N o w , is it a llo w a b le to c a r ry o u t O b se rv a n c e to g e th e r w ith a n u n w h o se e x h o rta tio n h a s b een su sp en d ed , o r is it n e t a llo w a b le ? T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : M on ks, O b s e rv a n c e sh o u ld n o t b e ca rrie d o u t to g e th e r w ith a n un w h o se e x h o r ta tio n h a s b een su sp en d ed so lo n g as th a t le g a l q u e stio n is n o t s e ttle d . N o w a t th a t tim e th e v e n e ra b le U p a li, h a v in g su sp en d ed e x h o rta tio n , set o u t on to u r. N u n s lo o k e d d o w n u p o n , c riticise d , sp rea d it a b o u t, s a y in g : " H o w c a n th e m a ste r U p a li, h a v in g su sp e n d e d e x h o r ta tio n , se t o u t on to u r ? T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : " M on ks, h a v in g
1 a v a ra n a . V A . 1 2 9 2 s a y s t h i s is h in d e r i n g t h e m f r o m e n t e r in g a d w e llin g - p la c e . C f . t h e w o r d a t V i n . i. 8 4 , w h e r e i t is t h e da n daka yin n a, t h e p e n a l t y im p o s e d o n n o v i c e s a n d p r e v e n t i n g t h e m f r o m e n t e r in g a m o n a ste ry . 8 V A . 1 2 9 3 s a y s h e r e it m e a n s t h a t n o t h a v i n g g o n e t o a n u n n e r y ( t h e e x h o r t a t io n ! m a y b e s u s p e n d e d , b u t t h e n u n s w h o h a v e c o m e l o r e x h o r t a t i o n s h o u ld b e t o ld , * T h i s n u n is im p u r e , s h e h a s a n o ffe n c e ; I a m s u s p e n d in g e x h o r t a t i o n f o r h e r , d o n o t c a r r y o u t O b s e r v a n c e w it h h e r V

Hi I I

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su spen d ed e x h o rta tio n , one sh o u ld n o t set o u t on tour. W h o e v e r sh o u ld (thus) set o u t, th ere is an o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g . N o w a t th a t tim e ig n o ra n t, in ex p erie n ced (m onks) suspen d ed e x h o rta tio n . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd , H e said : M onks, e x h o rta tio n sh ou ld n o t be su sp en d ed b y a n ig n o ra n t, in ex p erie n ced (m onk). W h o e v e r (such) sh o u ld suspend it, th ere is an o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g . N o w a t th a t tim e m o n k s su sp en d ed e x h o rta tio n w ith o u t g ro u n d , w ith o u t reason . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e said : " M onks, e x h o rta tio n sh o u ld n o t be suspended w ith o u t g ro u n d , w ith o u t reaso n . W h o e v e r sh o u ld (so) suspend it, th ere is an o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g ." N o w a t th a t tim e , m o n k s, h a v in g su sp en d ed e x h o rta tio n , d id n o t g iv e a d e cisio n .1 T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : " M o n k s, h a v in g su sp e n d e d e x h o rta tio n , y o u sh ould n o t n o t g iv e a d ecisio n . W h o e v e r sh o u ld n o t g iv e (one), th ere is an offen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g . || 3 ]| N o w a t th a t tim e n u n s d id n o t go fo r e x h o rta tio n . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e said : M onks, n u n s sh ould n o t n o t go fo r e x h o rta tio n . W h o e v e r sh o u ld n o t go , sh ould be d e a lt w ith a c co rd in g to th e ru le .2 N o w a t th a t tim e th e e n tire O rd er o f n u n s w e n t for e x h o rta tio n . P e o p le lo o k e d d o w n u p o n , [263] criticised , sp read it a b o u t, s a y in g : T h e s e are th e ir w iv e s, th ese are th eir m istresses, n o w th e y .w ill ta k e th e ir p leasu re to g e th e r. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : M onks, th e en tire O rd e r o f n u n s sh o u ld n o t g o fo r e x h o rta tio n . I f it sh o u ld go th u s, th ere is an o ffen ce o f w ron g-d o in g. I a llo w , m on ks, fo u r or fiv e n u n s to go fo r e x h o r ta tio n . N o w a t th a t tim e fo u r o r fiv e n u n s w e n t fo r e x h o rta tio n . A s befo re, p eo p le . . . sp rea d it a b o u t, s a y in g : T h e se are th e ir w iv e s . . . n o w t h e y w ill ta k e th e ir p lea su re to g e th e r. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : M onks, four o r five n u n s sh o u ld n o t g o (together) fo r e x h o rta tio n . I f th e y sh o u ld g o th u s , th e re is an o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g . I a llo w , m o n k s, tw o or th re e n u n s to go (togeth er) for e x h o rta tio n : h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d one m o n k , h a v in g (each one) a rra n g e d h er u p p er robe o v e r one sh o u ld er, h a v in g h o n o u red his feet, h a v in g
1 I . e . o n t h e m a t t e r f o r w h ic h e x h o r t a t io n , w a s s u s p e n d e d . * N u n s* P a c . 58 .

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s a t d o w n on h e r h a u n c h e s, h a v in g s a lu te d w ith jo in e d p a lm s, t h e y sh o u ld sp e a k to h im th u s : 1 M a ster, th e O rd er o f n u n s h o n o u rs th e fe e t o f th e O rd e r o f m o n k s, a n d a sk s a b o u t (the r ig h t tim e for) c o m in g fo r e x h o r ta tio n ; m a y th e O rd e r o f n u n s, m a ste r, h e a r w h a t is (the rig h t tim e for) c o m in g fo r e x h o r ta tio n / I t sh o u ld b e sa id b y th e one w h o re cite s th e P a tim o k k h a : Is th e re a n y m o n k a g re e d u p o n a s e x h o rte r o f th e n u n s ? ' I f th e re is so m e m o n k a g re e d u p o n a s e x h o rte r o f th e n u n s, it sh o u ld b e sa id b y th e o n e w h o re cite s th e P a tim o k k h a : * T h e m o n k S o -a n d -so is a g re e d u p o n as e x h o r te r o f th e n u n s ; le t th e O rd e r of n u n s a p p ro a c h h im / I f th e re is n o t som e m o n k a g re e d u p o n a s e x h o r te r o f th e n u n s, th e o n e w h o re c ite s th e P a tim o k k h a sh o u ld s a y : W h ic h v e n e r a b le one is a b le to e x h o rt th e n u n s ? ' I f so m e o n e is a b le to e x h o r t th e n u n s a n d if h e is e n d o w e d w ith th e e ig h t q u a litie s ,1 h a v in g g a th e re d to g e th e r, t h e y sh o u ld b e to ld : ' T h e m o n k S o -a n d -so is a g ree d u p o n a s th e e x h o r te r o f th e n u n s ; le t th e O rd e r o f n u n s a p p ro a c h h im / I f n o one is a b le t o e x h o r t th e n u n s, th e one w h o re cite s th e P a tim o k k h a sh o u ld s a y : T h e re is n o m o n k a g re e d u p o n a s e x h o r te r o f th e n u n s. L e t th e O rd e r o f n u n s striv e on w ith frie n d lin e ss \ 2 |] 4 [| N o w a t t h a t tim e m o n k s d id n o t u n d e rta k e th e e x h o rta tio n . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : M o n k s, th e e x h o r ta tio n sh o u ld n o t n o t b e u n d e rta k e n . W h o e v e r sh o u ld n o t u n d e r ta k e it, th e re is a n o ffe n c e o f w ro n g -d o in g . N o w a t t h a t tim e a c e rta in m o n k w a s ig n o ra n t ; n u n s, h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d h im , sp o k e th u s : M a ste r, u n d e r ta k e th e e x h o r t a tio n . [264] H e sa id : B u t I , sisters, a m ig n o ra n t. H o w c a n I u n d e r ta k e th e e x h o r ta tio n ? M a ster, u n d e r ta k e th e e x h o r ta tio n , fo r it w a s th u s la id d o w n b y th e L o r d : T h e e x h o r ta tio n o f n u n s sh o u ld b e u n d e rta k e n b y m o n k s They to ld th is m a tte r t o th e L o r d . H e sa id : I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, e x c e p tin g an ig n o ra n t one, to u n d e r ta k e th e e x h o rta tio n th ro u g h th e o th e r s . 1 See V i n . iv. 51 ( B .D . ii. 265 ff,). 2 p d s a d ik e n a s a m p d d e tu ; V i n . T e x t s iii. 339 has may the Bhikkhunisamgha obtain its desire in peace/* thus deriving " in peace/* p d s a d ik e n a , from p a s d d e ti. But their desire was to hear the exhortation. As this was impossible, they were advised to do the best they could without it. Cf. a p p a m d d e n a s a m p d d e ih a . Here the notion is probably that the nuns, even without the exhortation, should labour on, strive themselves, peacefully and in friendliness with one another.

367 N o w a t th a t tim e a c e rta in m o n k w a s ill ; nuns, h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d h im , sp o k e th u s : M aster, u n d e rta k e th e e x h o r ta tio n ." H e said : " B u t I , sisters, a m ill. H o w ca n I u n d e rta k e th e e x h o rta tio n ? " M aster, u n d e rta k e th e e x h o rta tio n , for it w a s th u s la id d o w n b y th e L o rd : f E x c e p t fo r an ign o ra n t one, th e e x h o rta tio n sh o u ld b e u n d e rta k e n th ro u g h th e o th ers T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e said : " I a llo w y o u , m o n ks, e x c e p tin g a n ig n o ra n t one, e x c e p tin g a n ill one, to u n d e rta k e th e e x h o r ta tio n th ro u g h th e o th e rs ." N o w a t t h a t tim e a c e rta in m o n k w as se ttin g o u t on a jo u rn e y ; n u n s, h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d h im , sp o k e th u s : M aster, u n d e rta k e th e e x h o r ta tio n ." H e sa id : B u t I , sisters, am se ttin g o u t o n a jo u rn e y . H o w c a n I u n d e rta k e th e e x h o r ta tio n ? " M aster, u n d e rta k e th e e x h o rta tio n , fo r it w a s laid d o w n b y th e L o rd : ' E x c e p t fo r an ig n o ra n t one, e x c e p t fo r an ill on e, th e e x h o rta tio n sh o u ld be u n d e rta k e n th ro u g h th e o th e rs \ " T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e said : I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, e x c e p tin g an ig n o ra n t one, e x c e p tin g an ill one, e x c e p tin g one se ttin g o u t on a jo u rn e y , to u n d e rta k e th e e x h o rta tio n th ro u g h o th e rs ." N o w a t th a t tim e a c e rta in m o n k w a s sta y in g in a fo rest ; n uns, h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d h im , sp o k e th u s : M aster, u n d er ta k e th e e x h o r ta tio n ." H e sa id : B u t I, sisters, km s ta y in g in th e fo rest. H o w can I u n d e rta k e th e e x h o rta tio n ? " T h e y sa id : M a ster, u n d e rta k e th e e x h o rta tio n , fo r it w a s th u s laid d o w n b y th e L o rd ': E x c e p t fo r an ig n o ra n t one, e x c e p t for an ill one, e x c e p t fo r one se ttin g o u t on a jo u rn e y , th e e x h o rta tio n sh o u ld b e u n d e rta k e n th ro u g h th e o th ers They to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : M onks, I a llo w y o u to u n d e rta k e th e e x h o rta tio n th ro u g h a m o n k w h o is a fo restd w e lle r a n d (for him ) to m a k e a re n d e z v o u s ,1 s a y in g , * I w ill p e rfo rm 2 it here N o w a t th a t tim e m o n k s, h a v in g u n d e rta k e n th e e x h o rta tio n , d id n o t a n n o u n ce i t .3 T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e said: M onks, th e e x h o rta tio n sh o u ld n o t n o t b e an n o u n ced . W h o e v e r sh o u ld n o t a n n o u n ce it, th ere is an o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g .
1 s a m k e ta . S e e B . D . i. 88, 1 3 5 w h e r e t h e m a k in g o f a r e n d e z v o u s . s a m k eta k a m m a is d e fin e d . % p a tih a r is s a m i. 3 T h e s e r e m a in in g c la u s e s r e fe r , I t h in k , o n ly t o m o n k s w h o a r e fo r e s td w e lle r s .

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N o w a t th a t tim e m o n k s, h a v in g u n d e rta k e n th e e x h o rta tio n d id n o t c o m e .1 T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e said : M onks, one sh o u ld n o t n o t co m e for th e e x h o r ta tio n . W h o e v e r sh o u ld n o t co m e fo r it, th e re is an offence o f w ro n g -d o in g ." N o w a t th a t tim e n u n s d id n o t go to th e re n d e z v o u s. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : M o n k s, n u n s sh o u ld n o t n o t g o to th e ren d ezvo u s* W h o e v e r sh o u ld n o t go , th ere is a n o ffen ce o f w r o n g -d o in g / ' || 5 || 9 j| [265] N o w a t th a t tim e n u n s w o re lo n g w a is tb a n d s o u t of w h ic h th e y a rra n g e d flo u n ce s .2 P e o p le lo o k e d d o w n u p o n , c ritic ise d , sp rea d it a b o u t, s a y in g : L ik e w o m e n h o u seh o ld ers w h o e n jo y p lea su res o f th e se n s e s ." T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : M o n k s, n u n s sh o u ld n o t w e a r lo n g w a istb a n d s . W h o e v e r sh o u ld w e a r one, th e re is an o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g . I a llo w , m o n k s, a n u n (to h a v e) a w a is tb a n d g o in g o n ce ro u n d (th e w a ist). A n d a flo u n ce sh o u ld n o t b e a rra n g e d o u t o f th is. W h o e v e r sh o u ld a rra n g e o n e, th e re is an o ffen ce o f w ro n g d o in g . N o w a t th a t tim e th e n u n s a rra n g e d flo u n ces o u t o f strip s o f b a m b o o . . . o f strip s o f le a th e r . . . o f strip s o f w o v e n c lo th 3 . . . o u t o f p la ite d w o v e n c lo th . . . o f frin g e d w o v en c lo th . . . o f s trip s o f c lo th 4 . . . o f p la ite d c lo th . . . o f frin g ed c lo th . . . o i p la ite d th r e a d . . . o f frin g e d th re a d . P e o p le . . . sp rea d it a b o u t, s a y in g : L ik e w o m e n h o u se h o ld ers w h o e n jo y p le a su re s o f th e se n s e s ." T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e said : M o n k s, flo u n ce s o f strip s o f b a m b o o sh o u ld n o t b e a rra n g e d b y n u n s, n o r flo u n ces o f strip s o f le a th e r . . . n o r sh o u ld flo u n ces o f frin g e d th re a d b e a rra n g e d . W h o e v e r sh o u ld a r r a n g e (one), th e re is an offen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g ." |] 1 || N o w a t t h a t tim e n u n s h a d th e ir lo in s ru b b e d w ith a c o w 's
1 n a p a c c a h a r a ti. T a b l e o f c o n t e n t s : n a p a c c a g a c c h a n ti. * teh' eva p d su fte n a m e n ti. P { h ) a s u h a is a r ib ; n a m e ti, t o w ie ld , t o b e n d ; V A . 1 2 9 3 s a y s " l i k e h o u s e h o ld e r s ' d a u g h t e r s , t h e y f a s t e n t h e m s o a s t o a r r a n g e a flo u n c e o u t o f t h e s o lid c l o t h (th a n a p a ta k e n a , v . l . g h a n a p a tta k e n a ) o f th e w a is tb a n d ." O n w r o n g w a i s t b a n d s w o r n b y m o n k s s e e C V . V . 29. 2. 9 d u ssa p a tten a . V A . 1 2 9 3 e x p l a in s d u ss a b y seta v a tth a , w h i t e c lo t h . 4 co la . V A . 1 2 9 3 s a y s t h a t t h i s is t h e co la ( c o t t o n c lo t h ) o f t h e ka sa va , t h e sa ffro n ro b e s. H e t h u s a p p a r e n t l y s e e k s t o d is c r im in a t e b e t w e e n d u ss a , a s t h e m a t e r ia l o u t o f w h i c h h o u s e h o ld e r s * c l o t h s a r e m a d e , a n d co la # a s t h a t o u t o f w h ic h m o n k s* r o b e s a r e m a d e .

10.2- h J

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le g b o n e ,1 th e y h a d th e ir lo in s m a ssa ged w ith a c o w 's ja w -b o n e ,2 th e y h a d th e ir fo re a rm s 3 m a ssa ge d , th e y h a d th e b a c k s o f th eir h a n d s m a ssa g e d , t h e y h a d th e ir c a lv e s 4 m assaged . . . th e to p s o f th e ir fe e t . . . th e ir th ig h s . . . th e ir faces m a ssa ge d , th e y h a d th e ir g u m s m a ssa ge d . P e o p le . . . sp read it a b o u t, s a y i n g : L ik e w o m en h o u seh o ld ers w h o e n jo y p lea su res o f th e se n ses. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : M o n k s, n u n s sh o u ld n o t h a v e th e ir loins ru b b ed w ith a c o w 's le g -b o n e, th e y sh o u ld n o t h a v e th e ir loins m assaged w ith a c o w 's ja w -b o n e , th e y sh o u ld n o t h a v e th e ir forearm s m a ssa ged . . . th e y sh o u ld n o t h a v e th e ir g u m s m assaged . W h o e v e r sh o u ld (so) h a v e h e rse lf m a ssa g e d , th e re is an offence of w ro n g -d o in g . || 2 || N o w a t th a t tim e th e g ro u p o f s ix n u n s 5 sm eared th e ir faces, ru b b e d th e ir fa ces (w ith o in tm e n t0 ), p a in te d th e ir fa ces w ith ch u n a m , m a rk e d th e ir fa ces w ith red arsen ic, p a in te d th e ir bo d ies, p a in te d th e ir fa ces, p a in te d th e ir b o d ies an d faces. P e o p le . . . sp re a d it a b o u t, s a y in g : '* L ik e w o m en h o u se h o ld ers w h o e n jo y p le a su re s o f th e se n ses. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : [266] M onks, n u n s sh ou ld n o t sm ear th e ir fa c e s . . . sh o u ld n o t p a in t th e ir b o d ies an d faces. W h o e v e r sh o u ld d o (a n y o f th ese th in g s), th ere is an o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g . || 3 || N o w a t th a t tim e th e g ro u p o f s ix n u n s m a d e (o in tm en t m arks) a t th e c o m e rs o f th e ir e y e s ,7 th e y m ad e d istin g u ish in g m a rk s (on th e ir fo reh e ad s ),8 th e y lo o k e d o u t fro m a w in d o w ,9 th e y sto o d in th e lig h t ,10 t h e y h a d d a n c in g p e rfo rm e d ,11 th e y
1 a tth illa . P . E . D . s a y s t h i s is m o r e l i k e ly t o b e S k r t . a s th lla , a r o u n d p e b b le o r s to n e . V A . 1 2 9 3 c a l ls i t g o ja iig h a ttik a , w h ic h w o u ld s e e m t o f i t in w it h t h e g o h a n u k a o f t h e n e x t it e m . * gohanuka. * O n h a tth a s e e B . D . ii ., I n t r . p . L i . V A . 1 2 9 3 s a y s , h a v i n g h a d t h e ir a r m s m a s s a g e d , a t t h e t i p , aggabdham k o tta p etv d , t h e y m a k e d e s ig n s w it h p e a c o c k s * f e a t h e r s a n d s o on /* T h i s w o u ld n o t n e c e s s a r ily m e a n ** t a t o o m a r k s " a s a t V in . T e x t s iii. 3 4 1 , n . 7. 4 pdda. V A . 12 9 3 s a y s ja n g h a . % C f . C V . V . 2 - 5* o f t h e g r o u p o f s ix m o n k s . * C f . N u n s* P a c . 90, 9 1 . 7 a v a n g a m k a r o n ti, s o e x p la in e d a t V A . 12 9 3 . 8 v is e sa k a m k a r o n ti. V A . 1 2 9 3 e x p l a in s g a n d a p p a d e se v icitra sa p th & n a m v is e sa k a m k a r o n ti. 9 o lo k a n a k e n a o lo k e n ti. V A . 12 9 3 s a y s t h e y lo o k e d o u t a t t h e r o a d (vM hi), h a v i n g o p e n e d t h e w in d o w , v d ta p a n a (on w h ic h s e e B . D . ii. 2 5 9 , n . 1 ) . 10 V A . 1 2 9 3 s a y s , h a v in g o p e n e d t h e d o o r , t h e y s t a n d s h o w in g h a l f t h e b o d y . 11 sa n a cca m k d r d p e n ti. N u n s s h o u ld n o t g o t o see d a n c in g * N u n s 1 P S c . 10 . V A . 12 9 3 s a y s t h e y h a d a d a n c in g f e s t i v a l h e ld , n a ta s a m a jja m k d r e n ti.

B O O K OF D I S C I P L I N E 37 su p p o rte d c o u rte s a n s ,1 t h e y se t u p a t a v e r n ,2 t h e y se t u p a sla u g h te r-h o u se ,3 t h e y o ffered (thin gs) fo r sale in a s h o p ,4 th e y en g a g e d in u s u r y ,5 th e y e n g a g e d in tra d e , t h e y k e p t s la v e s ,6 th e y k e p t s la v e w o m e n , t h e y k e p t s e r v a n ts , t h e y k e p t se rv a n t w o m en , th e y k e p t a n im a ls, t h e y d e a lt in g ree n s a n d le a v e s ,7 t h e y ca rrie d a p ie ce o f f e l t 8 (for a ra zo r). P e o p le . . . sp rea d it a b o u t, s a y i n g : L ik e w o m e n h o u seh o ld ers w h o e n jo y p le a su re s o f th e se n ses. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : M o n k s, n u n s sh o u ld n o t m a k e (o in tm en t m arks) a t th e co rn ers o f th e ir e y e s . . . n o r sh o u ld t h e y c a r r y a p ie ce o f fe lt (for a ra zo r). W h o e v e r sh o u ld c a r r y (one), th e re is a n o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g . || 4 || N o w a t t h a t tim e th e g ro u p o f s ix n u n s w o re ro b es th a t w ere a ll d a r k g re e n ,9 t h e y w o re ro b es t h a t w e re a ll y e llo w , t h e y w o re ro b es t h a t w e re a ll re d , t h e y w o re ro b es th a t w ere a ll crim so n , t h e y w o re ro b es t h a t w e re a ll b la c k , t h e y w o re ro b es th a t w e re d y e d a ll b ro w n ish -y e llo w , t h e y w o re ro b es th a t w e re d y e d a ll re d d ish -y e llo w , t h e y w o re ro b es w ith b o rd ers th a t w e re n o t c u t u p , t h e y w o re ro b es w ith lo n g b o rd ers, th e y w o re ro b es w ith b o rd e rs o f flo w ers, t h e y w o re ro bes w ith b o rd ers o f sn a k e s ' h o o d s ,10 t h e y w o re ja c k e ts , th e y w o re (g a rm en ts m a d e of) th e T ir it a tre e. P e o p le lo o k e d d o w n u p o n ,
1 v e s im v u tth d p e n ti. V e s i m a y b e a c o u r t e s a n o r a lo w - c la s s w o m a n . V A . 1 2 9 3 e x p l a in s b y g a n ik d , a p r o s t i t u t e . V u tth d p e ti c a n a ls o m e a n t o c a u s e t o r a is e , t o r e m o v e ; a n d i t is t h e r e g u la r w o r d u s e d , e s p e c i a l l y in t h e N u n s ' p a c i t t i y a s , f o r n u n s o r d a in in g n u n s . V A . does n o t com m ent on it h ere . 1 V A . 1 2 9 3 s a y s t h a t t h e y s o ld s t r o n g d r i n k . C f . A . iii. 2 0 8, w h e r e fiv e t r a d e s n o t t o b e c a r r ie d o n b y l a y f o llo w e r s a r e e n u m e r a t e d . V A . 12 9 3 s a y s t h a t t h e y s o ld m e a t . 4 V A . 1 2 9 3 s a y s t h a t t b e y o ffe r e d f o r s a le { p a s a r e n ti, a s a t V i n . ii. 2 9 1 ) v a r io u s a n d d i v e r s g o o d s in a s h o p . * vadqlhi, p r o f it , in t e r e s t (o n m o n e y , e s p e c i a ll y o n lo a n s ) ; c f . D A . 2 1 2 ; a n d J d . v . 436. I t w a s a N i s s a g g i y a f o r m o n k s (a n d n u n s ) t o h a v e m o n e y , N is s a g . 1 8 . d a sa m u p a ith d p e n ti. V A . 1 2 9 3 s a y s , " h a v i n g c h o s e n (o r t a k e n , gahetvd) a s la v e , t h e y h a d a s e r v ic e d o n e t o t h e m s e l v e s b y h im . A n d i t is t h e s a m e w it h w o m e n s la v e s a n d t h e r e s t . " 7 h a r ita k a p a n r tik a fri p a k in a n t i . V A . 1 2 9 3 r e a d i n g h a r ita k a p a ttiy a m , w it h v .l. h a r lta k a p a ttik a ip , s a y s t h a t t h e y d e a l in g r e e n s , h a r ita k a , a s w e ll a s in r ip e t h in g s , p a k k a (y J . p a k k ik a ) a n d t h a t t h e y o ffe r e d v a r io u s t h in g s f o r s a le in a s h o p . 8 nam ataka. S e e C V . V . 11. I , V . 27. 3. * A s a t M V . V I I I . 29 f o r t h e g r o u p o f s i x m o n k s , e x c e p t t h a t f o r m o n k s vethana , t u r b a n s , is a d d e d a t t h e e n d . F o r n o t e s s e e B . D . i v . 438. 10 p h a x ia . S ia m . e d n . r e a d s p h a la , f r u i t s .

10.5 12]

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37*

c ritic ise d , sp re a d it a b o u t, s a y in g : L ik e w o m en hou seh old ers w h o e n jo y p le a su re s of th e sen ses. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : M o n k s, ro b es t h a t a re a ll d a rk g reen sh o u ld n o t be w orn b y n u n s . . (g a rm en ts m a d e of) th e T ir ita tree sh ou ld n o t b e w o rn . W h o e v e r sh o u ld w e a r (one), th e re is a n offence o f w ro n g -d o in g . || 5 j| 10 || N o w a t t h a t tim e a c e rta in n u n a s sh e w a s p a ssin g a w a y , sp o k e th u s : A f t e r I a m g o n e , le t m y req u isites b e fo r th e O rd e r. M o n k s a n d n u n s w h o w e re th e re [267] d isp u te d , s a y in g : " T h e y a re fo r u s , T h e y a re for u s . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : M on ks, if a n u n as she is p a ssin g a w a y , sh o u ld sp e a k th u s , A ft e r I a m go n e, le t m y req u isite s b e fo r th e O rd e r/ in th a t ca se th e O rd e r o f m o n k s is n o t th e o w n er, b u t t h e y are fo r th e O rd e r o f nuns. M o n k s, if a p ro b a tio n e r . . . if a w o m a n n o v ic e , p a ssin g a w a y . . . th e O rd e r o f m o n k s is n o t th e o w n er, b u t t h e y are fo r th e O rd e r o f n u n s. M onks, if a m o n k a s he is p a ssin g a w a y , sh o u ld sp e a k th u s . . . th e O rd e r o f n u n s is n o t th e o w n er, b u t th e y a re fo r th e O rd e r o f m o n k s. M on ks, if a n o v ic e . . . if a la y fo llo w e r . . . if a w o m a n la y fo llo w e r . if a n y one else as h e is p a ss in g a w a y sh o u ld sp e a k th u s, A fte r I am g o n e , le t m y re q u isite s b e fo r th e O rd e r/ in th a t ca se th e O rd e r o f n u n s is n o t th e o w n er, b u t th e y are fo r th e O rd er o f m o n k s .1 || 1 1 || N o w a t t h a t tim e a c e rta in w o m a n w h o h a d fo rm e rly been a M a llia n h a d g o n e fo rth a m o n g th e n u n s. S h e, h a v in g seen a fe e b le m o n k o n a c a rria g e ro ad , h a v in g g iv e n h im a b lo w w ith th e e d g e o f h er sh o u ld er, to p p le d h im o v e r. M o n k s . . . sp rea d it a b o u t, s a y in g : ** H o w c a n a n u n g iv e a m o n k a b lo w ? T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : " M o n k s, a b lo w sh o u ld n o t b e g iv e n to a m o n k b y a nun. W h o e v e r sh o u ld g iv e (one), th e re is an o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g .2
1 V A . 1 2 9 4 e x p l a i n s t h a t t h e f iv e k in d s o f c o - r e lig io n is t s (m o n k s , n u n s , p r o b a t io n e r s , m a le a n d f e m a le n o v ic e s ) c a n n o t m a k e a b e q u e s t a s t h e y lik e , f o r t h e i r t h in g s a r e t h e O r d e r 's a n d so t h e ir g i f t s a t t h e t im e o f d e a t h t a k e n o e ff e c t . H o u s e h o ld e r s ' b e q u e s t s , o n t h e o t h e r h a n d , d o t a k e e ff e c t . a C f . P a c . 74 w h e r e it is a n o ffe n c e o f e x p i a t i o n f o r a m o n k t o g i v e a n o t h e r a b lo w .

BOOK

OF

DISCIPLINE

I a llo w , m o n k s, th a t a n u n , h a v in g seen a m o n k , sh o u ld m a k e w a y fo r h im h a v in g ste p p e d a sid e w h ile (still) a t a d is ta n c e ."

II1 2 | |

N o w a t th a t tim e a c e rta in w o m a n w h o se h u sb a n d h a d gon e a w a y fro m h o m e b e c a m e w ith c h ild b y a lo v e r .1 S h e , h a v in g ca u se d a b o rtio n , sp o k e th u s to a n u n d e p e n d e n t fo r a lm s on (her) fa m ily : " C o m e, la d y , ta k e a w a y th is fo e tu s in a b o w l/ ' T h e n th a t n u n , h a v in g p la c e d t h a t fo e tu s in a b o w l, h a v in g c o v e re d it w ith h er o u te r c lo a k , w e n t a w a y . N o w a t th a t tim e an u n d e rta k in g h a d b een m a d e b y a c e rta in m o n k w h o w a lk e d fo r a lm sfo o d : I w ill n o t p a r ta k e o f th e first a lm sfo o d I re ce iv e w ith o u t h a v in g g iv e n (of it) to a m o n k o r a n u n ." T h e n th a t m o n k , h a v in g seen th a t n u n , sp o k e th u s : C o m e , sister, a c ce p t a lm s fo o d . N o , m a s te r , she sa id . A n d a seco n d tim e. . . . A n d a th ird tim e. . . . " N o , m a s te r , sh e said . I m a d e a n u n d e rta k in g , siste r, th a t I w ill n o t p a r ta k e of th e first a lm sfo o d t h a t I re ce iv e w ith o u t h a v in g g iv e n (of it) to a m o n k o r a n u n . [268] C o m e , sister, a c c e p t a lm s fo o d . T h e n th a t n u n , b e in g pressed b y th a t m o n k , h a v in g p u lle d o u t h er b o w l, sh o w e d h im , s a y in g : 4 < Y o u see, m a ste r, a fo e tu s in th e b o w l, b u t d o n o t te ll a n y o n e . T h e n th a t m o n k lo o k e d d o w n u p o n , c ritic is e d , sp rea d it a b o u t, s a y in g : H o w can th is n u n ta k e a w a y a fo e tu s in a b o w l ? T h e n th is m o n k to ld th is m a tte r to th e m o n k s. T h o s e w h o w ere m o d e st m o n k s . . . sp rea d it a b o u t, s a y in g : " H o w c a n th is n u n ta k e a w a y a fo e tu s in a b o w l ? T h e n th e se m o n k s to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : M on ks, a fo e tu s sh o u ld n o t b e ta k e n a w a y in a b o w l b y a n un. W h o e v e r sh o u ld ta k e o n e a w a y , th e re is an o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g . I a llo w , m o n k s , w h e n a n u n h a s seen a m o n k , h a v in g p u lle d o u t h er b o w l, to sh o w it to h im . |j i || N o w a t t h a t tim e th e g ro u p o f s ix n u n s, h a v in g seen a m o n k, h a v in g tu rn e d (th e ir b o w ls) u p sid e d o w n ,2 sh o w e d th e b ases o f th e b o w ls. M o n k s . . . sp re a d it a b o u t, s a y in g : H o w ca n th e g ro u p o f s ix n u n s, h a v in g seen a m o n k , h a v in g tu rn e d
1 C f . V in . iii. 83. * p a riv a ttetv d .

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(th eir bow ls) u p sid e d o w n , sh o w th e b ases o f th e b o w ls ? " T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e said : M on ks, nuns h a v in g seen a m o n k , sh o u ld n o t sh o w (him ) th e b a se o f a b o w l, h a v in g tu rn ed it u p sid e d o w n . I a llo w , m o n k s, a n un w h o h a s seen a m o n k to sh o w (him ) h e r b o w l, h a v in g set it u p rig h t, an d w h a te v e r fo o d th e re is in th e b o w l sh ould b e offered to th e m o n k ." || 2 || 1 3 || N o w a t th a t tim e a m e m b ru m v irile ca m e to be th ro w n a w a y on a c a rria g e ro ad in S a v a tth I ,1 a n d n u n s w ere lo o k in g a t it. P e o p le m a d e an u p ro a r a n d th o se n u n s w ere ash am ed . T h e n th ese nuns, h a v in g re tu rn ed to th e n u n n e ry , to ld th is m a tte r to th e n u n s. T h o se w h o w ere m o d e st n u n s . . . sp rea d it a b o u t, s a y in g : H o w can th ese n u n s lo o k a t a m em b ru m v irile ? " T h e n th e se n u n s to ld th is m a tte r to th e m onks. T h e m o n k s to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e said : " M onks, n u n s sh o u ld n o t lo o k a t a m em b ru m v irile . W h o e v e r should lo o k a t one, th e re is an o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g ." || 1 4 || N o w a t th a t tim e p eo p le g a v e fo o d to m o n ks, th e m o n k s g a v e it to n u n s. P e o p le . . . sp rea d it a b o u t, s a y in g : H o w can th ese re v e re d sirs [269] g iv e to o th ers w h a t w a s g iv e n th em for th e ir ow n e n jo y m e n t ? I t is a s th o u g h w e do n o t k n o w h o w to m a k e a g if t ." T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e said : " M o n k s, y o u sh o u ld n o t g iv e to o th e rs w h a t w as g iv e n y o u for y o u r o w n e n jo y m e n t. W h o e v e r sh ould (so) g iv e , th e re is an o ffen ce of w ro n g -d o in g . N o w a t t h a t tim e fo o d for th e m o n k s w a s (too) a b u n d a n t. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . . H e said : I a llo w y o u , m o n ks, to g iv e it to an O r d e r ." T h e re w as an e v e n g re a te r a b u n d a n c e . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e said : I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, also to g iv e a w a y w h a t b elo n gs to an in d iv id u a l ."3 N o w a t t h a t tim e th e food fo r m o n k s th a t w a s sto re d 4 w a s (too) a b u n d a n t. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id :

1 C f. M iln . 12 4 . * s a k k a cca m u p a n ijjh a y a t i , a s a t V in . i. 19 3 . * I .e . p r o b a b l y fo o d s p e c ia lly g iv e n t o d if f e r e n t m o n k s . C f . p u g g a lik a a t M V . V I . 39. C V . X . 24. 4 s a n n id h ik a ta m d m is a m . C f . P a c . 38, a n d s e e B . D . ii. 3 3 9 f o r n o t e s .

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I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to m a k e use o f a sto re o f fo o d fo r m o n k s, th e m o n k s h a v in g o ffered it to n u n s .1 || x || T h e sam e repeated but reading n u n fo r m o n k a n d vice versa .
H 2 II I B If

N o w a t t h a t tim e lo d g in g s fo r m o n k s w e re (too) a b u n d a n t ; th e n u n s h a d n o n e .2 T h e n u n s se n t a m essen ger to th e m o n k s, s a y in g : " I t w e re g o o d , h o n o u re d sirs, if th e m a ste rs w o u ld g iv e u s lo d g in g s te m p o r a r ily . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd , H e sa id : I a llo w y o u , m o n k s , to g iv e lo d g in g s to n u n s te m p o r a r ily . [| x || N o w a t th a t tim e m e n s tru a tin g n u n s sa t d o w n a n d la y d o w n on stu ffe d co u ch e s a n d s tu ffe d c h a irs ;3 th e lo d g in g s w e re so iled w ith b lo o d . T h e y to ld th is m a t t e r ,t o th e L o rd . H e s a id : " M on ks, [270] n u n s sh o u ld n o t s it d o w n o r lie d o w n on stu ffed c o u ch e s a n d stu ffe d c h a irs. W h o e v e r sh o u ld (so) s it d o w n or sh o u ld (so) lie d o w n , th e re is a n o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g . I a llo w , m o n k s, a h o u seh o ld r o b e . 4 T h e h o u se h o ld ro b e w a s so iled w ith b lo o d . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e T h e little sa id : " I a llo w , m o n k s , a p in a n d a little c lo th . 5 c lo th fe ll d o w n .6 T h e y to ld th is m a tte r t o th e L o rd . H e sa id : I a llo w th e m , m o n k s, h a v in g tie d i t w ith a th re a d , to tie it ro u n d th e t h ig h s . T h e th re a d b ro k e . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : I a llo w th e m , m o n k s, a lo in -clo th , a h ip -s trin g . 7 N o w a t t h a t tim e th e g ro u p of s ix n u n s w o re a h ip -strin g th e w h o le tim e . P e o p le . . . sp re a d it a b o u t, s a y in g : L ik e w o m e n h o u seh o ld ers w h o e n jo y p le a su re s o f th e se n ses. T h e y
1 b h ik k h u n lh i b h ik k h u h i p a tig g a h d p e tv a . V A . 12 9 4 s a y s , h a v in g a c c e p te d y e s t e r d a y , t h e f o o d t h a t w a s s e t a s i d e h a v i n g b e e n o ffe r e d t o - d a y b y m o n k s m a y be m a d e u se o f b y n u n s. 2 O r p e r h a p s , n o t e n o u g h , n a h o ti. 3 C f. C V . V I . 2 : 7. 4 a v a sa th a c lv a r a . S e e N u n s* P a c . 4 7. 5 a n ic o la k a . V i n . T e x t s iii. 3 4 8 , n . 1 s a y s " a n i m u s t h e r e b e t h a t p a r t o f t h e le g im m e d i a t e l y a b o v e t h e k n e e , t h e f r o n t o f t h e t h i g h , ' c f. B o h t li n g k R o t h , s .v . N o . 2 . I th in k , h o w e v e r , t w o th in g s m u s t b e m e a n t, a n i an d co la k a , o r t h e n e x t s e n t e n c e w o u ld h a v e r e p e a t e d b o t h , i n s t e a d o f o n l y c o la k a . T h e p o in t is t h a t a " p in w a s t o o in s e c u r e , a n d so " t h r e a d ** w a s t r ie d . A n i is a u s u a l w o r d f o r p e g o r p in . * n ip p h a ta ti . C f . t h e w o r d a t V i n . ii. 1 5 1 w h e r e i t a p p e a r s t o m e a n to f a ll o u t o r t o f a l l in . H e r e i t m a y i m p l y t o f a l l a w a y f r o m t h e p in . 7 s a m v e tliy a m k a tis u tta k a m . S a tjiv e lliy a f o r b id d e n t o m o n k s a t C V . V . 29, 5 ; k a tisu tta k a a t C V . V .* 2. 1 .

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to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e said : M on ks, n u n s are n o t to w e a r a h ip -strin g th e w h o le tim e. W h o e v e r sh ou ld (so) w e a r on e, th e re is an o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g . I a llo w , m o n ks, a h ip -strin g w h e n th e y a re m e n s tr u a tin g . || 2 || 1 6 || T h e S e co n d P o rtio n fo r R e p e a tin g . N o w a t t h a t tim e o rd a in e d w o m en w e re to b e seen w ith o u t s e x u a l c h a ra c te ris tic s a n d w h o w ere d e fe c tiv e in se x an d b lo o d le ss a n d w ith s ta g n a n t b lo o d a n d w h o w ere a lw a y s d ressed a n d d rip p in g a n d d e fo rm e d a n d fe m a le eu n u ch s a n d m a n -lik e w o m en a n d th o se w h o se s e x u a lity w a s in d is tin c t a n d th ose w h o w e re h e rm a p h ro d ite s .1 T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to q u e stio n a w o m a n w h o is b e in g o rd a in e d a b o u t tw e n ty - fo u r th in g s th a t a re stu m b lin g -b lo ck s. A n d th u s, m o n k s, sh o u ld sh e b e q u e stio n ed : * Y o u are n o t w ith o u t se x u a l c h a ra c te ris tic s ? . . . Y o u a re n o t a her m a p h ro d ite ? H a v e y o u d iseases lik e t h i s :2 le p ro sy , boils, eczem a , co n su m p tio n , e p ile p sy ? A r e y o u a h u m an b e in g ? A r e y o u a w o m a n ? A r e y o u a free w o m a n ? A r e y o u w ith o u t d e b ts ? Y o u a re n o t in r o y a l se rv ice ? A r e y o u a llo w ed b y y o u r m o th e r a n d fa th e r, b y y o u r h u sb a n d ?3 H a v e y o u c o m p le te d tw e n ty y e a r s o f a g e ?4 A r e y o u c o m p le te a s to b o w l a n d ro b e ? W h a t is y o u r n a m e ? W h a t is th e n am e o f y o u r w o m a n p ro p o ser ? ' II 1 II N o w a t t h a t tim e m o n k s a sk e d n u n s a b o u t th e th in g s w h ich a re stu m b lin g -b lo c k s . T h o s e w ish in g fo r o rd in a tio n w e re a t a loss, t h e y w ere a b a sh e d , t h e y w ere u n a b le to an sw er. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e said : " I a llo w , m o n k s, o rd in a tio n in th e O rd e r o f m o n k s a fte r sh e h a s been ord ain ed on th e one side, a n d h a s cle a re d h erself (in re g a rd to th e stu m b lin g -b lo ck s) in th e O rd e r o f n u n s ." N o w 6 a t th a t tim e n u n s a sk e d th o se w ish in g fo r o rd in a tio n ,
1 S a m e l is t o c c u r s a t V i n . iii. 1 2 9 in d e fin it io n o f *# h e a b u s e s / * C f. th e e x a m in a t io n o f m a le c a n d i d a t e s f o r o r d in a t io n a t M V . I . 76. # C f . M V . I . 76-77 a s f a r a s t o e n d o f 17 b e lo w . * S e e N u n s P a c . 80. 4 S e e N u n s* P a c . 7 1 73 . * p a v a ttin i. S e e N u n s ' P i c . 69, a n d B . D . iii. 3 7 7 w h e r e p a v a itin i is d e fin e d a s u p a jjh a , w o m a n p r e c e p t o r . C f . V i n . i. 93 f . f o r t n e q u e s t io n s p u t t o m o n k s o n t h e ir o r d in a tio n .

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b u t w h o w ere n o t in stru c te d , a b o u t th e th in g s w h ic h are stu m b lin g -b lo c k s. T h o se w ish in g fo r o rd in a tio n [2 71] w ere a t a lo sst th e y w ere a b a sh e d , t h e y w e re u n a b le to a n sw er. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o r d . H e said : " I a llo w th e m , m o n k s, h a v in g in s tru c te d first, a fte rw a rd s to a sk a b o u t th e th in g s w h ic h a re s tu m b lin g -b lo c k s . T h e y in stru c te d ju s t th e re in th e m id st o f th e O rd er. A s b e fo re , th o se w ish in g fo r o rd in a tio n w ere a t a loss, th e y w ere a b a sh e d , th e y w ere u n a b le t o a n sw e r. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e said : I a llo w th e m , m o n k s, h a v in g in s tru c te d a sid e, to a sk a b o u t th e th in g s w h ic h a re stu m b lin g -b lo c k s in th e m id st o f th e O rd er. A n d th u s, m o n k s, sh o u ld sh e be in stru c te d : F irs t, she sh o u ld b e in v ite d to ch o o se a w o m a n p re c e p to r rl h a v in g in v ite d h er to ch o o se a w o m a n p re c e p to r, a b o w l a n d ro bes sh o u ld b e p o in te d o u t to h e r (w ith th e w o rd s) : T h is is a b o w l fo r y o u , th is is an o u te r c lo a k , th is is an u p p er robe, th is is an in n er robe, th is is a v e s t ,2 th is is a b a th in g -c lo th ;3 go an d sta n d in su ch a n d su ch a p la c e |j z || Ig n o ra n t, in e x p e rie n c e d (nuns) in stru c te d th e m . T h o se w ish in g fo r o rd in a tio n , b u t w h o w e re n o t in stru c te d , w e re a t a loss, t h e y w ere a b a s h e d , th e y w ere u n a b le to a n sw e r. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : " M onks, th e y sh o u ld n o t b e in s tru c te d b y ig n o ra n t, in ex p e rie n ced (nuns). W h o e v e r (such) sh o u ld in s tr u c t th em , th ere is an o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g . I a llo w th e m , m o n k s, to in stru c t b y m ean s o f an e x p e rie n c e d , c o m p e te n t (n u n ). || 3 | | T h o se w h o w ere n o t a g ree d u p o n in stru c te d . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : " M on ks, th e y sh o u ld n o t b e in stru c te d b y one w h o is not agreed u p o n . W h o e v e r (such) sh o u ld in s tru c t, th e re is an offence of w ro n g -d o in g . I a llo w th e m , m o n k s, t o in stru c t b y m ean s o f one w h o is a g ree d u p o n . A n d th u s , m o n k s, sh o u ld she b e a g ree d u p o n : o n e se lf m a y b e a g re e d u p o n b y on eself.
1 u p a jjh a , * s a m k a c c h ik d , c f. V in . i v . 3 4 5 . T h is a n d th e b a th in g c lo a k m a k e up t h e '* f iv e r o b e s " f o r n u n s , m e n t io n e d , e .g . a t V i n . i v . 2 8 2 ( N u n s P a c . 2 4 , 2 5 ). 3 u d a k a sd tik d . O n e o f t h e b o o n s w h ic h V i s a k h a a s k e d f o r a t V i n . i. 293 w a s t h a t o f b e s t o w in g b a t h i n g c l o t h s o n t h e O r d e r o f n u n s ; a llo w e d a t V i n . . 2 9 4. T h e ir p r o p e r m e a s u r e m e n t s a r e l a id d o w n a t V i n . iv . 2 7 9 .

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or a n o th e r m a y b e a greed u pon b y a n o th e r. A n d h o w is o n eself to b e a g reed u p o n b y o n eself ? T h e O rd er sh o u ld b e in fo rm ed b y an e x p e rie n ced , c o m p e te n t n u n , s a y in g : ' L ad ie s, le t th e O rd er listen to m e. So -an d -so w ish es fo r o rd in a tio n th ro u g h th e la d y S o -an d -so . I f it seem s rig h t to th e O rd er, I c o u ld in stru c t S o -a n d -so . T h u s m a y o n eself b e agreed u pon b y on eself. A n d h o w is a n o th e r to b e a g ree d u p on b y a n o th e r ? T h e O rd er sh o u ld be in fo rm ed b y an e x p e rie n ced , co m p e ten t n u n , s a y in g : L a d ie s, le t th e O rd er listen to m e. So-and-so w ish es fo r o rd in a tio n th ro u g h th e la d y S o-an d -so. I f it seem s r ig h t to th e O rd er, S o -an d -so co u ld in stru c t S o -a n d -so . T h u s m a y a n o th e r b e a g ree d u p o n b y a n o th er. || 4 | | " T h e n u n w h o is a greed u p o n , h a v in g a p p ro a ch e d th e o n e w h o w ish es fo r o rd in a tio n , sh o u ld sp e a k th u s to h e r : ' L is te n , S o-an d -so. T h is is fo r y o u a tim e fo r tr u th (-speaking), a tim e fo r fa c t (-sp eakin g). W h en I a m a sk in g y o u in th e m id st o f th e O rd e r a b o u t w h a t is, y o u sh o u ld s a y : I t i s ', if it is so ; y o u sh o u ld s a y : ' I t is n o t/ if it is n o t so. D o n o t b e a t a loss, d o n o t b e a b a sh e d . I w ill a sk y o u th u s ; * Y o u are n o t w ith o u t s e x u a l c h a ra c te ristic s ? . . . W h a t is th e n am e [272] o f y o u r w o m a n p ro p o ser ? ' " " T h e y a rriv e d to g e th e r. T h e y sh o u ld n o t a rriv e to g eth e r. T h e in stru c to r h a v in g a rriv e d first, th e O rd er sh o u ld be in fo rm ed (b y her) : ' L a d ie s, le t th e O rd e r listen to m e. Soan d -so w ish es fo r o rd in a tio n th ro u g h th e la d y So-an d -so. Sh e h a s b een in stru c te d b y m e. I f it seem s rig h t to th e O rd er, le t S o -a n d -so c o m e / S h e sh o u ld b e to ld : C o m e / H a v in g m ad e h er a rra n g e h e r u p p e r ro b e o v e r one sh o u ld er, h a v in g m a d e h e r h o n o u r th e n u n s' fe e t, h a v in g m a d e h er sit d o w n on h e r h a u n c h e s, h a v in g m a d e h e r sa lu te w ith jo in ed p alm s, sh e sh o u ld b e m a d e to a sk fo r o rd in a tio n , s a y in g : * L a d ie s, I a m a sk in g th e O rd e r fo r o rd in a tio n . L a d ie s, m a y th e O rd er raise m e u p o u t o f c o m p a ssio n / A n d a secon d tim e, lad ies. . . . A n d a th ird tim e , la d ie s, I a m a sk in g th e O rd er for o rd in a tio n . L a d ie s, m a y th e O rd er raise m e u p o u t o f co m p a ss io n . || 5 || T h e O rd er sh o u ld b e in fo rm ed b y an e x p e rie n ced , co m p e te n t n u n , s a y in g : ' L a d ie s, le t th e O rd er listen to m e. T h is on e, S o -an d -so , w ish es fo r o rd in a tio n th ro u g h th e la d y S oand-so. I f it seem s rig h t to th e O rd er, I co u ld a sk So-and -so o

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a b o u t th e th in g s th a t a re stu m b lin g -b lo c k s . L is te n , S o -a n d -so . T h is is fo r y o u a tim e fo r tr u th (-sp eakin g), a tim e to r fa c t (-speakin g). I a m a s k in g y o u a b o u t w h a t is. Y o u sh o u ld sa y , I t is ," if it is so ; y o u sh o u ld s a y , I t is n o t / if it is n o t so. Y o u a re n o t w ith o u t s e x u a l c h a ra c te ris tic s ? . . . W h a t is th e n a m e o f y o u r w o m a n p ro p o ser ? ' j| 6 || " T h e O rd e r sh o u ld b e in fo rm ed b y a n e x p e rie n c e d , co m p e t e n t n u n , s a y in g : * L a d ie s , le t th e O rd e r liste n to m e. T h is o n e, S o -a n d -so , w ish e s fo r o rd in a tio n th ro u g h th e la d y S o -a n d so. S h e is q u ite p u re in re g a rd to th e th in g s w h ic h are stu m b lin g -b lo c k s , sh e is co m p le te a s to b o w l a n d ro b es. Soa n d -so is a s k in g th e O rd e r fo r o rd in a tio n th ro u g h th e w o m a n p ro p o ser, th e la d y S o -a n d -so . I f it seem s rig h t to th e O rd er, th e O rd e r m a y o rd a in S o -a n d -so th ro u g h th e w o m a n p ro p o ser, th e la d y S o -a n d -so . T h is is th e m o tio n . L a d ie s , le t th e O rd e r liste n t o m e. T h is o n e, S o -a n d -so , is a s k in g th e O rd er fo r o rd in a tio n th ro u g h th e w o m a n p ro p o ser, th e la d y So -an d -so . T h e O rd e r is o rd a in in g S o -a n d -so th ro u g h th e w o m a n p ro p o ser, th e la d y S o -a n d -so . I f th e o rd in a tio n o f S o -a n d -so th ro u g h th e w o m a n p ro p o ser, th e la d y S o -a n d -so , is p le a sin g to th e la d ies, t h e y sh o u ld b e sile n t : she to w h o m it is n o t p le a sin g sh o u ld sp ea k . A n d a seco n d tim e I sp e a k fo r th th is m a tte r . . . A n d a th ir d tim e I sp e a k fo r th th is m a tte r . L a d ie s , le t th e O rd er liste n to m e . T h is o n e , S o -a n d -so , . . . sh o u ld sp e a k . S o -a n d -so is o rd a in e d b y th e O rd e r th ro u g h th e w o m a n p ro p o ser, th e la d y S o -a n d -so . I t is p le a sin g to th e O rd er, th e re fo re it is sile n t. T h u s d o I u n d e rsta n d t h is / || 7 || T a k in g h e r a t o n ce, h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d th e O rd e r o f m o n k s, h a v in g m a d e h e r a rra n g e h e r u p p e r robe o v e r one sh o u ld er, h a v in g m a d e h e r h o n o u r th e m o n k s ' fe e t, h a v in g m a d e h er sit d o w n on h e r h a u n c h e s, h a v in g m a d e h e r s a lu te w ith jo in e d p a lm s, she sh o u ld b e m a d e to a sk fo r o rd in a tio n , s a y in g : I , th e la d y S o -a n d -so , w ish fo r o rd in a tio n th ro u g h th e la d y S o -an d -so , [273] I a m o rd a in e d o n th e one sid e in th e O rd er o f nuns. I a m p u re (in re g a rd to th e stu m b lin g -b lo c k s). L a d ie s, I a m a sk in g th e O rd e r fo r o rd in a tio n . L a d ie s, m a y th e O rd e r raise m e u p o u t o f co m p a ssio n . I , th e la d y Soan d -so . . . a m p u re (in re g a rd to th e stu m b lin g -b lo c k s). A n d a seco n d tim e . . . . I , th e la d y S o -a n d -so . . . a m p u re (in re ga rd to th e stu m b lin g -b lo ck s.) A n d a th ird tim e , lad ies,

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1 am a sk in g th e O rd er fo r o rd in a tio n . L a d ie s, m a y th e O rd er raise m e u p o u t o f c o m p a ssio n / T h e O rd e r sh o u ld b e in fo rm ed b y an e x p e rie n c e d , c o m p e te n t m o n k , s a y in g : ' H o n o u red sirs, le t th e O rd e r liste n to m e. T h is o n e, So -an d -so , w ish es fo r o rd in a tio n th ro u g h S o -an d -so . S h e is o rd ain ed on th e one sid e in th e O rd e r o f n u n s, sh e is p u re (in re g a rd to th e stu m b lin g b lo c k s). S o -a n d -so is a s k in g th e O rd e r fo r o rd in a tio n th ro u g h th e w o m a n p ro p o ser S o -a n d -so . I f it seem s rig h t to th e O rd er, th e O rd e r m a y o rd a in S o -an d -so th ro u g h th e w o m a n pro p o ser S o -a n d -so . T h is is th e m o tio n . H o n o u red sirs, le t th e O rd er listen to m e. T h is one, S o -an d -so , w ish es fo r o rd in a tio n . . . th ro u g h th e w o m a n p ro p o se r S o -an d -so . T h e O rd e r is o rd ain in g S o -a n d -so th ro u g h th e w o m a n p ro p o ser So -an d -so . I f th e o rd in a tio n o f S o -a n d -so th ro u g h th e w o m a n p ro p o ser S o -a n d -so is p le a sin g t o th e v e n e ra b le ones, t h e y sh o u ld b e silen t ; he to w h o m it is n o t p le a sin g sh o u ld sp ea k . A n d a second tim e I sp e a k fo rth th is m a tte r. . . . A n d a th ird tim e I sp e a k fo rth th is m a tte r : H o n o u re d sirs, le t th e O rd e r liste n to m e . . . sh o u ld sp e a k . S o -an d -so is o rd ain e d b y th e O rd e r th ro u g h th e w o m a n p ro p o ser S o -a n d -so . I t is p le a sin g to th e O rd er, th e re fo re it is sile n t. T h u s d o I u n d e rsta n d th is V T h e sh a d o w sh o u ld b e m e a su re d a t o n ce, th e le n g th o f th e seaso n sh o u ld b e e x p la in e d , th e p o rtio n o f th e d a y sh o u ld be e x p la in e d , th e fo rm u la sh o u ld b e e x p la in e d , th e n u n s sh o u ld b e to ld : E x p la in th e th re e resources 1 to h e r a n d th e eig h t th in g s w h ic h are n o t to b e d o n e . 2 || 8 || 1 7 || N o w a t th a t tim e n u n s b e in g u n c e rta in as to sea ts in a re fe c to ry le t th e tim e g o b y .3 T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : I a llo w , m o n k s, e ig h t n u n s (to b e seated) a c co rd in g to se n io rity , th e rest a s t h e y com e in . N o w a t th a t tim e n u n s, t h in k in g : I t is a llo w ed b y th e L o rd th a t e ig h t n u n s (m a y b e seated ) a c co rd in g to se n io rity , th e rest
1 F o u r r e s o u r c e s f o r m o n k s , s e e M V . I . 77. B u t t h e t h ir d , f o r e s t - d w e llin g , is f o r b id d e n t o n u n s a t C V . X . 23. 2 A t M V . I . 78 t h e r e a r e fo u r a k a r a n ly a tii f o r m o n k s w h ic h c o r r e s p o n d t o t h e ir f o u r P a r a j i k a s . T h e n u n s , h o w e v e r , h a v e e ig h t P a r a j i k a s (se e B . D . iii. I n t r . , p . x x x f f.) a n d t h e r e is n o d o u b t t h a t r e f e r e n c e is h e r e b e in g m a d e t o th e se . 3 V A . 1 2 9 4 s a y s " m a k in g o n e g e t u p , m a k in g a n o t h e r s it d o w n , t h e y l e t t h e r i g h t t i m e f o r e a t i n g g o b y .'* T h e r i g h t t i m e f o r t h i s is b e fo r e m id d a y , s e e V i n . i v . 8 6 , 1 6 6 ( th e w r o n g t im e ) .

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a s th e y co m e i n ," e v e r y w h e r e re s e rv e d 1 (seats) ju s t fo r e ig h t n u n s a c co rd in g to se n io rity , fo r th e rest a s th e y co m e in. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : I a llo w , m o n k s, (seats) in a re fe c to r y fo r e ig h t n u n s a c c o rd in g to se n io rity , fo r th e re st a s t h e y co m e in ; n o w h e re else sh o u ld (a sea t) be reserved a c c o rd in g to s e n io rity . W h o e v e r sh o u ld re se rv e (one), th ere is an o ffe n c e o f w ro n g -d o in g / * j[ 1 8 || [274] N o w a t th a t tim e n u n s d id n o t in v it e .2 T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : M o n k s, n u n s sh o u ld n o t n o t in v ite . W h o e v e r sh o u ld n o t in v ite sh o u ld b e d e a lt w ith a c c o rd in g to th e r u le . 3 N o w a t t h a t tim e n u n s, h a v in g in v ite d a m o n g th e m selv e s, d id n o t in v ite in a n O rd e r o f m o n k s. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o r d . H e sa id : " M o n k s, n u n s, h a v in g in v ite d a m o n g th e m s e lv e s, sh o u ld n o t n o t in v ite in a n O rd e r of m o n k s. W h o e v e r sh o u ld n o t (so) in v ite sh o u ld b e d e a lt w ith a c co rd in g to th e r u le ." 3 N o w a t th a t tim e n u n s, in v itin g (only) on th e o n e sid e (of th e O rd er) to g e th e r w ith m o n k s, m a d e a n u p ro a r. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e said : (f M o n k s, n u n s sh o u ld n ot in v ite (only) on th e o n e sid e to g e th e r w ith m o n k s. W h o e v e r sh o u ld (so) in v ite , th e re is an o ffe n ce o f w r o n g -d o in g ." N o w a t t h a t tim e n u n s, in v itin g b e fo re th e m ea l, le t th e (right) tim e 4 go b y . T h e y to ld th is m a t te r to th e L o rd . H e said : I a llo w th e m , m o n k s , to in v ite a ft e r a m e a l. I n v itin g a fte r a m e a l, t h e y ca m e to be a t a w ro n g tim e .6 T h e y t o ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : " I a llo w th e m , m o n k s, h a v in g in v ite d (a m o n g th e m selv e s) o n e d a y , to in v ite th e O rd e r o f m o n k s th e fo llo w in g d a y ." || x || N o w a t th a t tim e th e e n tire O rd e r of n u n s, w h ile in v itin g , c re a te d a d is tu rb a n c e . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : I a llo w th e m , m o n k s, t o a g ree u p o n one e x p e rie n ced , c o m p e te n t n u n to in v ite th e O rd e r o f m o n k s on b e h a lf o f th e O rd e r o f n u n s. A n d th u s , m o n k s , sh o u ld sh e b e a g re e d u p o n : F ir s t, a n u n sh o u ld b e a sk e d ; h a v in g a sk e d h er, th e O rd e r sh o u ld be in fo rm ed b y a n e x p e rie n c e d , c o m p e te n t n u n , s a y in g :
1 p a tib d h a ti , a s a t C V . V I . 6 . 4 , V I . 7 . * S e e N u n s* P a c . 5 7 , a n d B . D . iii. 3 5 4 f o r f u r t h e r r e f e r e n c e s . N u n s' P a c . 57. * S ee a b o v e , p . 379, n . 3. I .e . f o r i n v i t i n g in t h e O r d e r o f m o n k s , a s t h e c o n t e x t s h o w s .

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* L a d ie s, le t th e O rd er liste n to m e. I f it seem s rig h t to th e O rd er, th e O rd er m a y a g ree u p o n th e n u n So -an d -so to in v ite th e O rd er o f m o n k s on b e h a lf o f th e O rd e r o f n uns. T h is is th e m o tio n . L a d ie s, le t th e O rd e r liste n to m e. T h e O rd er is a g re e in g u p o n th e n u n S o -a n d -so t o in v ite th e O rd e r o f m o n k s on b e h a lf o f th e O rd e r o f n uns. I f th e a g ree m e n t u p o n th e n u n S o -an d -so to in v ite th e O rd e r o f m o n k s on b e h a lf o f th e O rd er o f n u n s is p le a sin g to th e la d ie s, t h e y sh o u ld b e silen t ; she to w h o m it is n o t p le a sin g sh o u ld sp e a k . T h e n u n Soa n d -so is a g re e d u p o n b y th e O rd e r to in v ite th e O rd e r o f m o n k s on b e h a lf o f th e O rd e r o f n u n s. I t is p le a sin g to th e O rd er. T h e re fo re it is sile n t. T h u s d o I u n d e rsta n d th is .'

I I2 | |
" T h a t n u n w h o h a s been a g re e d u p o n , ta k in g th e O rd er o f n u n s (w ith her), h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d th e O rd e r o f m o n ks, h a v in g a rra n g e d h e r u p p e r robe o v e r one sh o u ld er, h a v in g h o n o u red th e m o n k s' fe e t, h a v in g s a t d o w n on h er h a u n ch es, h a v in g sa lu te d w ith jo in e d p a lm s, sh o u ld sp e a k th u s to it : [275] T h e O rd e r o f n u n s, m a ste rs, is in v itin g th e O rd er o f m o n k s in re sp e c t o f w h a t h a s been seen, h e a rd , o r su sp ected . M asters, le t th e O rd er o f m o n k s sp e a k to th e O rd e r o f nuns o u t o f co m p a ssio n a n d th e y , seein g (th e offen ce), w ill m a k e am en d s. A n d a seco n d tim e , m asters* . . . A n d a th ird tim e, m asters, th e O rd e r o f n u n s is in v itin g th e O rd er o f m o n k s . . . w ill m a k e a m e n d s V '1 || 3 || 1 9 | | N o w a t t h a t tim e n u n s su sp e n d e d th e O b se rv a n c e fo r m onks, th e y su sp e n d e d th e I n v ita tio n , t h e y issu ed co m m a n d s, th e y se t u p a u t h o r it y ,2 th e y a sk e d fo r le a v e , th e y re p ro v e d , th e y m a d e to re m e m b e r .3 T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e s a id : M o n k s, a m o n k 's O b se rv a n c e is n o t to be su sp en d ed b y a nun : e ve n if it is su sp en d ed , it is n o t (really) su sp en d ed , a n d fo r h e r w h o su sp en d s it th e re is an o ffen ce o f w ro n g-d o in g. T h e I n v ita tio n sh o u ld n o t be su sp e n d e d : e v e n if it is su sp en d ed it is n o t (really) su sp en d ed , a n d fo r h e r w h o su sp en d s it th ere is a n o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g . C o m m a n d s sh o u ld n o t be issu ed :
1 C f . m v . iv . 1. 14 . # I t w o u ld b e p r e f e r a b le t o r e a d a n u v d d a m p a tth & p en ti in s t e a d o f a n u vd d a tn th a p e n ti ; c f. C V . I . 5 . * C f . C V . T. 5.

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e ve n if issu e d t h e y a re n o t (really) issu ed , a n d fo r h er w h o issues th e m th e re is a n o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g . A u th o r ity sh o u ld n o t be se t u p : e v e n if s e t u p it is n o t (really) se t u p , a n d fo r h e r w h o se ts it u p th e re is an o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g . L e a v e sh o u ld n o t b e a sk e d fo r : e ve n if a sk e d fo r it is n o t (really) a sk e d fo r, a n d fo r h e r w h o a sk s th e re is an o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g . S h e sh o u ld n o t re p ro v e : th e o n e re p ro v e d is n o t (really) re p r o v e d a n d fo r h e r w h o re p ro v e s th e re is an o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g . S h e sh o u ld n o t m a k e to re m em b er : th e o n e m a d e to re m e m b e r is n o t (really) m a d e to rem em b er, a n d fo r h e r w h o m a k e s to re m e m b e r th e re is an o ffen ce of w ro n g -d o in g . N o w a t th a t tim e m o n k s su sp e n d e d th e O b s e rv a n c e fo r n u n s . . . (as above) . . . t h e y m a d e to re m e m b e r. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : M o n k s, I a llo w y o u to su sp en d th ro u g h a m o n k a n u n 's O b s e rv a n c e : a n d if it is su sp en d ed it is p r o p e r ly su sp e n d e d , a n d th e r e is no o ffen ce fo r th e one w h o su sp en d s it . . . t o m a k e to re m e m b e r : a n d if sh e is m a d e to re m e m b e r sh e is p r o p e r ly m a d e to re m em b er, an d th e re is n o o ffe n ce fo r th e o n e w h o m a k e s h e r re m e m b e r.

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N o w a t t h a t tim e th e g ro u p o f s ix n u n s w e n t in a v e h ic le ,1 b o th in one t h a t h a d a b u ll in th e m id d le y o k e d w ith co w s, a n d in o n e th a t h a d a c o w in th e m id d le y o k e d w ith bulls. P e o p le , , . sp re a d i t a b o u t, s a y in g : " A s a t th e fe s tiv a l o f th e G a n g e s a n d th e M a h l. T h e y to ld th is m a t t e r to th e L o rd . H e said : M o n k s, a n u n sh o u ld n o t g o in a v e h ic le . W h o e v e r sh o u ld g o in o n e sh o u ld b e d e a lt w it h a c c o rd in g t o th e ru le . 2 N o w a t th a t tim e a c e rta in n u n c a m e t o b e ill ; sh e w a s n o t a b le to g o o n fo o t. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e s a id : I a llo w , m o n k s , a v e h ic le fo r (a nun) w h o is ill / 1 T h e n it o c cu rre d to n u n s : N o w , (sh o u ld th e v e h ic le be) y o k e d w ith co w s o r y o k e d w ith b u lls ? T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : I a llo w , m o n k s, a h a n d c a r t y o k e d w ith a co w , y o k e d w ith a b u ll. N o w a t t h a t tim e a c e rta in n u n b e c a m e e x c e e d in g ly u n c o m fo rta b le o w in g to th e jo ltin g o f a v e h ic le . [276] T h e y
1 C f . M V . V . 9 . 4 - I O . 3, a n d a ls o N u n s P a c . 8 5 . 2 N u n s* P a c . 85.

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I a llo w , m on ks,

to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : a p a la n q u in , a se d a n -ch a ir / '1 |{ 21 \ \

N o w a t th a t tim e th e co u rtesa n A<J<JhakasI2 h a d g o n e fo rth a m o n g th e n u n s. S h e w a s a n x io u s to g o to S a v a tth i, th in k in g , I w ill b e o rd a in e d in th e L o r d 's p re se n c e ." M en o f a b a n d o n ed life h eard it sa id th a t th e c o u rtesa n A d d h a k a s i w a s a n x io u s to g o to S a v a t t h i a n d th e y beset th e w a y . B u t th e co u rtesa n A d d h a k a s i h e a rd it sa id th a t th e m en o f a b a n d o n e d life w ere b e se ttin g th e w a y a n d she se n t a m essen ger t o th e L o rd s a y in g : " E v e n 3 I a m a n x io u s fo r o rd in a tio n . N o w w h a t lin e of c o n d u c t sho,uld b e fo llo w ed b y m e ? T h e n th e L o rd on th is o ccasio n , h a v in g g iv e n reaso n ed ta lk , a d d ressed th e m o n ks, s a y i n g : " I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to o rd ain even th ro u g h a m e sse n g e r ."4 || x [| T h e y o rd ain e d th ro u g h a m essen ger w h o w a s a m on k. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e said : M on ks, y o u sh o u ld n o t o rd ain th ro u g h a m essen ger w h o is a m o n k . W h o e v e r sh o u ld (so) o rd ain th e re is an offence o f w ro n g -d o in g . T h e y o rd ain e d th ro u g h a m essen ger w h o w a s a p ro b a tio n e r . . . a n o v ic e . . . a w o m a n n o v ic e . . . th ro u g h a m essen ger w h o w as a n ig n o ra n t, in e x p erie n ced (w om an). " M o n k s , y o u sh o u ld n o t o rd a in th ro u g h a m essen ger w h o is an ig n o ra n t, in ex p erie n ced (w om an). W h o e v e r sh o u ld (so) o rd ain th e re is an offence of w ro n g -d o in g . I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to o rd ain th ro u g h a m essen ger w h o is an e x p e rie n ced , c o m p e te n t n u n . [| 2 || " T h a t n u n w h o is th e m essen ger, h a v in g a p p ro a ch e d th e O rd er, h a v in g a rra n g e d h e r u p p e r ro b e o v e r one sh o u ld er, h a v in g h o n o u re d th e m o n k s' fe e t, h a v in g s a t d o w n on h e r h a u n ch es, h a v in g s a lu te d w ith jo in e d p a lm s, sh o u ld sp e a k to it th u s ; T h e la d y S o -a n d -so w ish es fo r o rd in a tio n th ro u g h th e la d y S o -a n d -so . S h e is o rd a in e d o n th e one side, in th e O rd er o f n uns, a n d is p u re ;6 she is n o t c o m in g o n ly on a c c o u n t o f som e d a n g er. T h e la d y S o -a n d -so is a sk in g th e O rd e r fo r o rd in a tio n ;
1 p a ta n k itn . V A . 1 2 9 5 s a y s p a ta p o ta lik a m > v .l. p a ta p o tta lik a m , cf. V A . 1085 * H e r verses a t T h lg . 25, 26. C f. a44 h a k d s ik a a t M V . V I I I . 2 . 3 O ld e n b e r g h a s h i, T h l g A . 3 1 p i . 4 I t w a s p r o b a b l y u s u a l f o r a n u n t o b e o r d a in e d t h r o u g h a n O r d e r o f n o t le s s t h a n t e n p e r s o n s , a s i t w a s fo r m o n k s , M V . I . 31. 2 ; I X . 4. 1. V A . 1 2 9 5 s a y s '* o r d in a t io n t h r o u g h a m e s s e n g e r e x i s t e d o n a c c o u n t o f a n y o n e o f t h e t e n d a n g e r s . H e r e , d a n g e r f r o m h u m a n b e in g s . 5 A s t o t h e s t u m b lin g - b lo c k s . C f. u s e o f v isu d d h a a t C V . X . 17. 2.

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m a y th e O rd e r o u t o f c o m p a ssio n 1 ra ise u p t h a t la d y . T h e la d y S o -a n d -so . . . is n o t c o m in g on a c c o u n t o f so m e d a n g er. A n d a seco n d tim e th e la d y S o -a n d -so is a s k in g th e O rd er . _ . raise u p t h a t la d y . T h e la d y S o -a n d -so w ish es fo r o rd in a tio n th ro u g h th e la d y S o -a n d -so . S h e is o rd a in e d on th e o n e sid e in th e O rd e r o f n uns, a n d is p u re ; sh e is n o t co m in g o n ly on a c co u n t o f so m e d a n g e r. A n d a th ir d tim e th e la d y S o -a n d -so is a sk in g th e O rd e r for o rd in a tio n ; m a y the O rd er o u t o f co m p a ssio n ra ise u p t h a t l a d y . T h e O rd e r sh o u ld b e in fo rm ed b y a n e x p e rie n c e d , c o m p e te n t m o n k , s a y in g : H o n o u red sirs, le t th e O rd e r liste n to m e. S o -a n d -so w ish es fo r o rd in a tio n th ro u g h S o -a n d -so . S h e is o rd a in e d on th e one side in th e O rd er o f n u n s a n d is p u re ; sh e is n o t c o m in g o n ly on a c c o u n t o f so m e d a n g e r. S o -a u d -so is a sk in g th e O rd er fo r o rd in a tio n th ro u g h th e w o m a n p ro p o ser S o -a n d -so . I f it seem s rig h t to th e O rd er, th e O rd e r m a y o rd a in S o -a n d -so th ro u g h th e w o m a n p ro p o ser S o -a n d -so . T h is is th e m o tio n . [277] H o n o u red sirs, le t th e O rd e r liste n to m e. S o -a n d -so w ish es fo r o rd in a tio n th ro u g h S o -a n d -so . . . . S o -a n d -so is a s k in g th e .O rder for o rd in a tio n th ro u g h th e w o m a n p ro p o ser So -an d -so . T h e O rd e r is o rd a in in g S o -a n d -so th ro u g h th e w o m a n p ro p o ser S o -a n d -so . I f th e o rd in a tio n o f S o -a n d -so th ro u g h th e w o m a n p ro p o ser S o -a n d -so is p le a sin g to th e v e n e ra b le ones, th e y sh o u ld b e s ile n t ; he to w h o m it is not p le a sin g sh o u ld sp e a k . A n d a se co n d tim e I sp e a k fo rth th is m a tte r. . . . A n d a th ir d tim e I s p e a k fo rth th is m a t t e r : H o n o u red sirs, le t th e O rd e r lis te n to, m e . . . he to w h o m it is n o t p le a sin g sh o u ld sp e a k . I t is p le a sin g to th e O r d e r ; th e re fo re it is sile n t. T h u s do I u n d e rsta n d th is / T h e sh a d o w sh o u ld be m ea su re d a t o n c e 2, th e le n g th o f th e seaso n sh o u ld be e x p la in e d , th e p o rtio n o f th e d a y sh o u ld b e e x p la in e d , th e fo rm u la sh o u ld b e e x p la in e d , th e n u n s sh o u ld b e to ld : E x p la in th e th ree reso u rces to h er a n d th e e ig h t th in g s w h ic h are n o t to be d on e || 3 || 22 || N o w a t th a t tim e n u n s w e re s ta y in g in a fo rest ; m en o f a b a n d o n ed life se d u ced th e m . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e
1 C f . M V . I . 76. 8. A s a t C V . X . 17. 8.

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L o rd . H e sa id : " M on ks, n u n s sh o u ld n o t s t a y in a fo rest. W h o e v e r sh o u ld s t a y (in one) th e re is an o ffen ce of w ro n g d o in g . 1 I! 2 3 || N o w a t th a t tim e a sto re ro o m 3 ca m e to be g iv e n to an O rd er o f n u n s b y a la y fo llo w e r. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e s a i d : I a llo w , m o n k s, a sto re ro o m ." T h e sto rero o m w a s n o t e n o u g h .3 T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : I a llo w , m o n k s, a d w e llin g ." 4 T h e d w e llin g w as n o t en o u g h . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r t o th e L o rd , H e sa id : I a llo w , m o n k s, b u ild in g o p e ra tio n s , B T h e b u ild in g o p eratio n s w e re n o t e n o u g h . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e s a id : I a llo w y o u , m o n k s, to b u ild e v e n w h a t b e lo n g s to a n in d ivid ual." || 24 || N o w a t th a t tim e a c e rta in w o m a n h a d g o n e fo rth a m o n g th e n u n s w h e n she w a s a lr e a d y p re g n a n t, a n d a fte r sh e h a d g o n e fo r th she w a s d e liv e re d o f a c h ild .7 T h e n it o ccu rred to t h a t n u n : " N o w w h a t lin e o f c o n d u c t sh o u ld be fo llo w ed b y m e in re g a rd to th is b o y ? " T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e s a id : " I a llo w h er, m o n k s, to lo o k a fte r h im u n til h e a tta in s to y e a r s o f d is c re tio n ." 8 T h e n it o c cu rre d to th a t n u n : I t is n o t p o ssib le fo r m e to liv e alone, n o r is it possible fo r a n o th e r n u n to liv e w ith a b o y . N o w , w h a t lin e o f co n d u ct sh o u ld b e fo llo w e d b y m e ? T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e s a id : I a llo w th e m , m o n k s, h a v in g a g ree d u p o n one nun, [278] to g iv e h er to th a t n u n a s a co m p a n io n .10 A n d th u s , m o n k s, sh o u ld she b e a g re e d u p o n : F irs t, th a t n u n sh o u ld b e a s k e d ; h a v in g a sk e d h er, th e O rd er sh o u ld be in fo rm e d b y a n e x p e rie n c e d , c o m p e te n t n u n , s a y in g : L a d ie s,
1 C f . n o t e a t C V . X . 17. 8 . u d d o s ita . S e e B . D . iii. 177, n . 2 ; a ls o B . D . ii. 16 , n . 2. V A . 1293 h e r e a g a in e x p la in s b y bhaxi& asala, a h a l l f o r g o o d s . * na s a m m a ti , a s a t C V . V . 13. 3. V A . 1295 e x p la i n s b y n a p p a h o ti, d id n o t s u ffic e . 4 u p a s s a y a ; h e r e V A . 1295 s a y s g h a ta , a h o u s e . * navakamma , h e r e p r o b a b l y m o r e t h a n " r e p a i r s / * V A . 1295 s a y s '* I a llo w y o u t o c a r r y o u t b u il d in g o p e r a t io n s fo r n u n s f o r t h e s a k e o f t h e O rder.** * puggalikarn kdturn, o r , e v e n fo r in d iv id u a ls . B u . h a s n o n o te . C f. th e w o r d a t C V . X . 15. 1. 7 A t N u n s ' P a c . 6 1 i t is a n o ffe n c e t o o r d a in a p r e g n a n t w o m a n , b u t i t is n o t a n o ffe n c e f o r t h e o n e w h o o r d a in s h e r i f s h e t h i n k s t h a t s h e is n o t p r e g n a n t . 8 V A . 1295 s a y s u n t i l h e is a b le t o e a t a n d w a s h h im s e lf p r o p e r ly . * C f . N u n s F o r . M e e t . I l l , N u n s ' P i c . 14 . 1# C f . B . D . iii. 190, 267, 323, 357, 360.

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le t th e O rd e r liste n to m e. I f it is p le a s in g to th e O rd er, th e O rd e r m a y a g re e u p o n th e n u n S o -a n d -so a s c o m p a n io n to th e n u n S o -a n d -so . T h is is th e m o tio n . L a d ie s , le t th e O rd e r lis te n to m e. T h e O rd e r is a g re e in g u p o n th e n u n So -an d -so a s c o m p a n io n to th e n u n S o -a n d -so . I f th e a g re e m e n t u p o n th e n u n S o -a n d -so as c o m p a n io n to th e n u n Soan d -so is p le a sin g to th e la d ie s , t h e y sh o u ld b e sile n t ; she to w h o m it is n o t p le a s in g sh o u ld s p e a k . T h e nun S o -a n d -so is a g re e d u p o n b y th e O rd e r a s c o m p a n io n to th e n u n Soa n d -so . I t is p le a sin g to th e O r d e r ; th e re fo re it is sile n t. T h u s d o I u n d e rsta n d th is. || i [[ T h e n it o c c u rre d to t h a t n u n w h o w a s th e c o m p a n io n : " N o w w h a t lin e o f c o n d u c t sh o u ld b e fo llo w e d b y m e in re g a rd to th is b o y ? " T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e s a id : " I a llo w th e m , m o n k s, to b e h a v e in re g a rd to t h a t b o y e x a c t ly a s t h e y w o u ld b e h a v e t o a n o th e r m a n , e x c e p t fo r s le e p in g u n d e r th e sa m e r o o f ."1 || 2 || N o w a t t h a t tim e a c e rta in n u n w h o h a d fa lle n in to a n o ffen ce a g a in s t a n im p o r ta n t ru le , w a s u n d e rg o in g 'mdnatta . 2 T h e n i t o c cu rre d to t h a t n u n : " I t is n e ith e r p o ssib le fo r m e to liv e alo n e, n o r is it p o ssib le fo r a n o th e r n u n to liv e w ith m e. N o w , w h a t lin e o f c o n d u c t sh o u ld b e fo llo w e d b y m e ? " T h e y t o ld th is m a tte r to th e L o r d . H e s a id : " I a llo w th e m , m o n k s h a v in g a g re e d u p o n o n e n u n , to g iv e h e r to t h a t n u n as a c o m p a n io n . A n d th u s, m o n k s , s h o u ld sh e b e a g re e d u p o n : . . * (as in j| 1 i|) . . . T h u s d o I u n d e r s ta n d th is V 1 || 3 j| 2 5 || N o w a t t h a t tim e a c e rta in n u n , h a v in g d is a v o w e d th e tr a in in g ,3 le ft th e O rd e r ;4 h a v in g c o m e b a c k a g a in sh e a s k e d th e n u n s fo r o rd in a tio n . T h e y t o ld th is m a tte r t o th e L o rd . H e s a i d : M o n k s, th e re is n o d is a v o w a l o f th e tr a in in g b y a n u n , b u t in so fa r as sh e is o n e w h o le a v e s th e O rd e r ,5 sh e is in co n se q u e n ce n o t a n u n . [| 1 ||
1 V A . 1 2 9 5 s a y s e x c e p t i n g o n l y a s le e p in g p l a c e in t h e s a m e h o u s e , s a h d g a ra sey y a m a tta m . B u t , i t a d d s , t h e m o t h e r i s a b l e t o l i e d o w n a n d h a v in g p u t t h e c h i ld o n h e r b r e a s t t o w a s h i t , m a k e i t d r i n k , f e e d i t a n d a d o rn it. * C f . t h e 5 t h a n d 8 t h im p o r t a n t r u le s a t C V . X . 1 . 4 . A l s o o n m d n a tta see C V . I I . 6. 1. 3 O n t h i s s t a t e o f d is s a t is f a c t io n s e e V in . iii. 2 4 2 8, 4 v ib b h a m i . T h is , a n d d i s a v o w i n g t h e t r a i n i n g , o c c u r a t e .g . M V . I I . 22 . 3. 6 v ib b h a n td . V A , 1 2 9 5 s a y s if , l e a v in g t h e O r d e r a t h e r o w n p le a s u r e a n d a p p r o v a l , h a v i n g c l o t h e d h e r s e lf in w h it e c l o t h e s , s h e is t h u s n o t a n u n , b u t. t h is is n o t t h r o u g h d is a v o w in g t h e t r a i n i n g .

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N o w a t th a t tim e *a c e rta in n u n , w e a rin g th e sa ffro n robes, w e n t o v e r t o th e fo ld o f a se ct i1 h a v in g co m e b a c k a g a in sh e a sk e d th e n u n s fo r o rd in a tio n . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e s a i d : " M o n k s , w h a te v e r n u n , w e a rin g th e sa ffro n ro b es, g o es o v e r to th e fo ld o f a se c t, on co m in g b a c k sh o u ld n o t b e o rd a in e d / 2 ||21| 26 || N o w a t t h a t tim e n u n s [279] b e in g scru p u lo u s, d id n o t co n sen t to g r e e tin g b y m e n , to th e ir c u ttin g (their) h a ir, to th e ir c u ttin g (their) n a ils, to th e ir d ressin g a sore. T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e s a id : I a llo w th e m , m o n k s, to co n sen t to (these a c tio n s ) / '3 || 1 || N o w a t t h a t tim e n u n s w e re s ittin g d o w n cro ss-le g g e d ,4 c o n se n tin g to th e to u c h o f h e e ls .5 T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : M on ks, n u n s sh o u ld n o t s it d o w n cro ss-le g g e d . W h o e v e r sh o u ld (so) s it d o w n , th e re is an offen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g / ' N o w a t t h a t tim e a c e rta in n u n w a s ill. T h e re w a s no c o m fo rt fo r h e r if sh e w a s n o t cro ss-leg g ed . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : " I a llo w , m o n k s, th e h a lf cro ss-le g g e d (p o stu re ) 6 fo r n u n s ." || 2 || N o w a t t h a t tim e n u n s re lie v e d th e m s e lv e s in a p r i v y ; th e g ro u p o f s ix n u n s c a u se d a b o rtio n th e re . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e s a i d : M o n k s, n u n s sh o u ld n o t re lie v e th e m s e lv e s in a p r iv y . W h o e v e r sh o u ld d o so th ere is a n o ffe n ce o f w ro n g -d o in g . I a llo w th e m , m o n k s, to relieve
1 titth d y a ta n a m s a n ik a m i , a s a t V i n . i . 6 9 , w h e r e t h e r e is a s im ila r r u le fo r m o n k s. 8 V A . 1 2 9 5 s a y s n o t o n l y s h o u ld s h e n o t b e o r d a in e d , b u t s h e c a n n o t e v e n o b t a i n t h e *4 g o i n g fo r t h .* s See N u n s' P ar. IV . I t w o u ld s e e m a s if t h e s e t h i n g s w e r e p e r m is s ib le i f n e it h e r p a r t y w e r e f ille d w i t h d e sir e . 4 p a lla r tk e n a n i s id a n t i . V A , 1 2 9 6 s a y s p a lla ftk a tri d b h u jjitv a n is ld a n t i. S o p r o b a b l y p a lla n k a d o e s n o t m e a n ** d i v a n *' h e r e a s i t d o e s a t V i n . i v . 299* s ee B . D . i ii. 2 7 1 , n . 3. 6 p a y ih isa tn p h a ssa . N o t a t a l l c le a r w h o s e h e e ls w e r e t o u c h in g , b u t p r o b a b l y t h e n u n s 1 n e x t o n e it h e r s id e . P a lla fik e n a m a y h a v e d o u b le m e a n in g o f s i t t i n g d o w n c r o s s - le g g e d a n d s i t t i n g d o w n 4t d iv a n - w is e / * i.e . s i t t i n g d o w n c r o s s - le g g e d a n d in a r o w . I t w a s p r o b a b l y d is t u r b in g t o m e d i t a t i o n if h e e ls t o u c h e d , h e n c e t h e p r o h i b it io n . a d fh a p a lla n k a . V A . 1 2 9 6 s a y s t h e p a lla n k a is m a d e h a v i n g d r a w n in o n e f o o t ( o n ly a n d l e a v i n g t h e o t h e r s t r a i g h t o u t ) . O f c o u r s e , if p a lla n k a is t a k e n a s d i v a n , a tfg h a p a lla n k a m u s t b e h a l f a d i v a n V i n . T e x t s u i. 3^ 7* n . 2 s a y s ** p r o b a b l y a c u s h io n .'*

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th e m s e lv e s w h e re it is o p e n u n d e rn e a th , c o v e re d on t o p ." 1 II 3 II N o w a t t h a t tim e n u n s b a th e d w ith c h u n a m . P e o p le lo o k e d d o w n u p o n , c ritic is e d , sp re a d it a b o u t, s a y in g : L ik e w o m e n h o u seh o ld ers w h o e n jo y p le a su re s o f th e se n s e s ." T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e s a id : M o n k s, n u n s sh o u ld n o t b a th e w ith c h u n a m . W h o e v e r sh o u ld (so) b a th e , th e re is an o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g . I a llo w th e m , m o n k s, th e re d p o w d e r o f rice h u s k s a n d c l a y . 2 N o w a t th a t tim e n u n s b a th e d w ith s c e n te d c la y . P e o p le . . . sp re a d it a b o u t, s a y in g : L ik e w o m e n h o u seh o ld ers w h o e n jo y p le a su re s o f th e s e n s e s ." T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : M o n k s, n u n s sh o u ld n o t b a th e w ith sce n te d c la y .3 W h o e v e r sh o u ld (so) b a th e , th e re is a n o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g . I a llo w , th e m , m o n k s, o r d in a r y c la y ." N o w a t th a t tim e n u n s, b a th in g in a b a th ro o m , c r e a te d a d is tu rb a n c e . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : M on ks, n u n s sh o u ld n o t b a th e in a b a th ro o m . W h o e v e r sh o u ld b a th e (in one), th e re is a n o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g ." N o w a t th a t tim e n u n s b a th e d a g a in s t th e s tre a m c o n se n tin g to th e to u c h o f th e c u r r e n t .4 T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e s a id : M o n k s, n u n s sh o u ld n o t b a th e a g a in s t th e s tre a m . W h o e v e r sh o u ld (so) b a th e , th e re is a n o ffen ce of w ro n g -d o in g ." N o w a t th a t tim e n u n s b a th e d n o t a t a f o r d ; m e n of a b a n d o n e d life se d u c e d th e m . T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd , H e sa id : M o n k s, n u n s sh o u ld n o t b a th e n o t a t a fo rd . W h o e v e r sh o u ld (so) b a th e , th e re is a n o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g ." N o w a t th a t tim e n u n s b a th e d a t a fo rd fo r m en . P e o p le . . . sp re a d it a b o u t, s a y in g , " L ik e w o m e n h o u seh o ld ers w h o e n jo y p le a su re s o f th e s e n s e s / ' [280] T h e y to ld th is m a tte r to th e L o rd . H e sa id : M o n k s, n u n s sh o u ld n o t b a th e a t a fo rd fo r m en . W h o e v e r sh o u ld (so) b a th e , th e re is a n offence
1 T h e id e a is t h a t t h e r e s h o u ld b e n o p r i v a c y . C f . C V . V I I I . 9, 10. s k u k k u s a r n m a ttika rft. V A . 1 2 9 6 e x p l a i n s b y s a y i n g , k u n a h a n c'e v a m a ttih a n c a , t h e r e d p o w d e r o f r ic e h u s k s a s w e ll a s c l a y . B o th th e se w ere a l lo w e d t o m o n k s f o r b u i ld i n g o p e r a t io n s . C V . V I . 3. i * C f . N u n s ' P & c . 88 , 89. 4 d h d rd s a m p h a s sa .

389 o f w ro n g -d o in g . I a llo w th e m m onies, to b a th e a t a fo rd fo r w o m e n . 1 || 4 ]| 2 7 j| T h e T h ir d P o rtio n fo r R e p e a tin g .

T o ld is th e T e n th S e c tio n : t h a t on N u n s. In th is S e c tio n a re a h u n d re d a n d s ix item s. T h is is its k e y : T h e G o ta m id a sk e d fo r th e g o in g fo rth , th e T ru th fin d e r d id n o t a llo w it, fro m K a p ila v a t t h u th e L e a d e r w e n t to V e sa ll. / C o v e re d w ith d u s t 2 sh e m a d e it k n o w n to A n a n d a in th e p o rch . S a y in g : I s sh e a b le ? h e a sk e d a b o u t th e m e th o d ; s a y in g , (She w a s yo u r) m o th e r an d (your) n u rs e / ' / A c e n tu r y a n d t h a t d a y , no m o n k , d esirin g , I n v ita tio n , im p o r ta n t ru les, tw o y e a rs , n o t a b u sin g , / C o m p ly in g w ith th e se e ig h t ru les fo r e x h o rta tio n * d u rin g h er life. A c c e p ta n c e o f th e im p o rta n t ru les t h a t is th e o rd in a tio n for h er. / . A th o u s a n d y e a r s to o n ly fiv e (hun dred ) b y th e sim ile s o f th e p o t-th ie v e s , m ild e w , re d -ru st :4 th u s an in ju r y to w h a t is tru e dham m a . / M a y , lo o k in g fo r w a r d ,6 b u ild a d y k e ; a g a in it is th e s ta b ility o f w h a t is tru e dham m a . T o b e o rd ain e d , th e la d y , g re e tin g a c co rd in g to se n io rity , / W ill n o t c a r r y o u t lik e th is, in co m m o n a n d n o t in co m m o n , a b o u t e x h o r ta tio n , a n d a b o u t th e P a tim o k k h a , n o w , b y w h o m ? " , t o a n u n n e ry , / I f t h e y do n o t k n o w h e e x p la in s, a n d t h e y d o n o t c o n fe ss ,6 th ro u g h a m o n k ,

27.4]

CULLAVAGGA

1 m a k ila titth e . O n n u n s b a t h i n g s e e a ls o V i n . i. 2 9 3 . iv - 2 5 9 , 278-, a S i a m . e d n . r e a d s r a jo k in n a , a s s u g g e s t e d a t K tw . ii. 32 * S in h . e d n . r a jo k in n e n a . 0. , 3 O ld e n b e r g 's t e x t a n d S in h . r e a d o vadeti a tfha d h a m m a 1 o ia m . c a n . ovato ca a tth a d h a m m a ( w it h v .l . a s t e x t ) . * S i n h / a n d S i a m . e d n s . r e a d m a X je tth ik d ( S in h . r e a d in g -A a) fo r O ld e n b e r g s m a n c a tth ik a - . # _r ^ . _ i. c* v 6 O ld e n b e r g : p a eva , p r o b a b l y f o r p a tig a cc* ev a o f X . 1. 6. 13u t o m n . e d n . r e a d s dlivp b a n d h e y y ' u p a m d h i, a n d S ia m , p a lirjt b a n d h cy y u p a m a h t, w i t h v . II. a s in O ld e n b e r g . * H e r e h arortti , f o r p a tik a r o n ti.

B O O K OF D I S C I P L I N E 39 to a c k n o w le d g e th ro u g h a m o n k , a c k n o w le d g m e n t th ro u g h a nun, / H e e x p la in e d , (form al) a c t, b y a m o n k , t h e y lo o k e d d o w n on, or b y a n un, to e x p la in , a n d to q u a rre l, h a v in g c a n c e lle d , a n d a b o u t U p p a la (v a n n a ), / I n S a v a tth i, m u d d y w a te r , d id n o t g r e e t, b o d ie s a n d th ig h s a n d p r iv a te p a r ts a n d th e g ro u p o ffe n d e d a n d a s s o c ia te d w ith , / N o t to b e g r e e te d is th e p e n a lty , fo r n u n s lik e w is e a g a in , a n d th e p r o h ib itio n , e x h o r ta tio n , is it a llo w a b le ? h e w e n t aw ay, / Ig n o r a n t, w ith o u t g ro u n d , d e cisio n , e x h o r ta tio n , a n O rd e r o f fiv e , tw o o r th re e , t h e y d id n o t u n d e r ta k e , ig n o r a n t ones, ill, s e ttin g o u t on a jo u r n e y , / F o re s t-d w e lle rs, t h e y d id n o t a n n o u n c e , a n d t h e y d id n o t co m e b a c k , lo n g , b a m b o o a n d le a th e r , a n d w o v e n c lo th , p la ite d , a n d frin g e d , A n d p la ite d c lo th , a n d frin g e d , a n d p la ite d th re a d , (and) frin g e d ,/ C o w s le g -b o n e , c o w 's ja w -b o n e , b a c k s o f th e h a n d s , lik e w ise th e fe e t ,1 th ig h s (and) fa ces, g u m s, sm e a rin g , r u b b in g (and) w ith chunam , / T h e y m a r k e d ,2 a n d p a in tin g th e b o d y , p a in tin g th e fa ce, lik e w is e th e tw o , o in tm e n t m a rk s (and) d is tin g u is h in g m a rk s , fro m a w in d o w , in th e lig h t, a n d a b o u t d a n c in g , / [281] C o u rte sa n , ta v e r n , s la u g h te r-h o u s e , a sh o p , u s u ry , tra d e , t h e y k e p t s la v e s , w o m e n s la v e s , s e r v a n ts , s e r v a n t w o m e n , / A n im a ls , a n d g ree n s, t h e y c a rrie d p ie ce s o f fe lt, ro b es t h a t w e re d a r k g ree n , y e llo w , re d , crim so n , t h a t w ere b la c k , / B ro w n is h -y e llo w , re d d ish -y e llo w , n o t c u t u p , a n d lo n g , a n d if t h e y sh o u ld w e a r (robes) w ith (borders) o f flow ers, sn a k e s ' h o o d s ,3 ja c k e ts , a s w e ll a s (g a rm e n ts m a d e o f the)
1 S i n h ., padam ; O ld e n b e r g : p a r i ; S i a m , padarn a s s u g g e s t e d a t V in . ii. 3 28. 2 O ld e n b e r g : la n c h e n ti ; S in h . : la rn ch a n ti ; S i a m . : la H c e n ti . * p d la h e re , in s t e a d o f p h a p a o f X . 10. 5. S in h . a n d S ia m , r e a d phaXa.

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T ir ita tre e. / I f a n u n , a fte r she h a s go n e, on a p ro b a tio n e r, on a w o m a n n o v ice b e sto w s h e r re q u isite s, it is th e (O rd er of) n u n s t h a t is th e o w n e r. / I f a w o m a n la y fo llo w e r o n a m o n k , on a n o v ic e , on a la y fo llo w er, a n d on o th e rs is b e s to w in g h e r re q u isite s, th e (O rder of) m onks is th e o w n er. / A b o u t a M a llia n (w o m an ), fo e tu s, base o f th e b o w l, m e m b ru m a n d c o n c e rn in g fo o d , a n d a b u n d a n t, e v e n g re a te r, fo o d th a t w a s sto re d , / A s fo r m o n k s b e lo w , do lik e w ise fo r n uns, lo d g in g s, m e n stru a tin g , w a s so iled , a n d c lo th a n d p in ,1 / T h e y b ro k e , a n d a ll th e tim e , th e re w ere to b e seen : b eg in n in g w ith w o m e n w ith o u t s e x u a l c h a ra c te ristic s, th o se d e fe c tiv e in s e x , b lo o d le ss, ju s t th e sa m e fo r th o se w ith s ta g n a n t b lo o d , / A lw a y s d ressed , d rip p in g , d efo rm ed , w o m e n eun uch s, m a n -lik e w o m en , a n d th o se o f in d is tin c t s e x u a lity , a n d th o se w h o w ere h e rm a p h ro d ite s, / B e g in n in g w ith th o se d e fe c tiv e in s e x u a l c h a ra c te ristic s a n d g o in g a s fa r a s h e rm a p h ro d ite s. T h is is fro m th e a b b r e v ia tio n b e lo w : le p ro sy , bo ils, e cze m a a n d / C o n su m p tio n , e p ile p sy , are y o u a h u m a n w o m a n ? a n d a free w om an ? w ith o u t d e b ts (and) n o t in th e r o y a l se rv ic e a n d a llo w e d (and) tw e n ty , / C o m p le te , a n d w h a t n a m e a n d t h a t o f y o u r w o m a n p ro p o ser ? : h a v in g a sk e d a b o u t tw e n ty - fo u r stu m b lin g -b lo c k s , th ere is o rd in a tio n . / T h e y w e re a t a loss, in stru c te d , a n d lik e w ise in th e m id st o f th e O rd er, a w o m a n p re c e p to r sh o u ld b e c h o se n ,2 o u te r c lo a k , in n er a n d u p p e r ro b es, /
1 O ld e n b e r g : p a t a n i ca . V i n . ii. 3 2 9 s u g g e s t s p a ta ti ca , *' a n d i t f e l l d o w n / * e v i d e n t l y t o r e p la c e n ip p h a ta ti o f X . 10. 2 . B u t I p r e fe r t o t a k e it a s a s u b s t i t u t e f o r a n ic o la k a (o n w h ic h s e e n o t e , p . 3 74 a b o v e ) . F o r p a fa is a ls o a w o r d f o r '* c l o t h ** ; t h u s t h e c o m p o u n d p a ta n i s u p p o r t s m y v i e w t h a t dni a n d c o la k a a r e w o r d s f o r t w o s e p a r a t e it e m s . # u p a jjh a g a h a .

39 2

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A n d v e s t (and) b a th in g c lo th , h a v in g e x p la in e d th e m th e y m a y b e u s e d ,1 ig n o ra n t ones, n o t a g re e d on, on one sid e , i f sh e a sk s, q u e stio n e d a b o u t th e s tu m b lin g -b lo c k s , / O rd a in e d on o n e sid e , lik e w is e a g a in in th e O rd e r o f m o n k s, th e sh a d o w , th e sea so n , th e d a y a n d fo rm u la , th e th re e reso u rces, / T h e e ig h t th in g s n o t to b e d o n e, th e r ig h t tim e , o r e v e ry w h e re e ig h t, nuns d id n o t in v ite , a n d th e O rd e r o f m o n k s lik e w ise , / D is tu rb a n c e , b e fo re th e m e a l, a n d a t th e w ro n g tim e , d istu rb a n c e , O b se rv a n c e , I n v ita tio n , c o m m a n d s, a u th o r ity , / L ea v e , re p ro v e d , m a d e to rem em b er: o b j e c te d to b y th e g re a t Sage. J u s t a s m o n k s, so n u n s : a llo w e d b y th e g r e a t S a g e (was) / A v e h ic le , a n d ill (and) y o k e d , jo lt in g v e h ic le , A < Jdhakasika, m o n k , p ro b a tio n e r, n o v ic e , w o m a n n o v ic e a n d ig n o ra n t (w om an ), / [282] In a fo rest, a sto re -ro o m b y a la y fo llo w e r , a d w e llin g , th e b u ild in g o p e ra tio n s w e re n o t e n o u g h , p r e g n a n t, a lo n e , / A n d slee p in g u n d er th e sa m e ro o f, a g a in s t a n im p o r ta n t ru le, a n d h a v in g d is a v o w e d , w e n t o v e r t o th e fo ld of, g re e tin g a n d h a ir a n d n ails a n d tr e a tin g a so re ,2 / C ro ss-legged , a n d ill, p r iv y , w ith c h u n a m , s c e n te d c la y , in a b a th ro o m , a g a in s t th e stre a m , n o t a t a fo rd , a n d a t one fo r m en, / T h e G re a t G o ta m id a sk e d a n d a lso ju d ic io u s ly d id A n a n d a . T h e re w ere fo u r a sse m b lie s fo r g o in g fo r th in th e d isp e n sa tio n o f th e C o n q u e ro r. / F o r th e sa k e o f a ro u sin g e m o tio n fo r w h a t is tru e dham m a a n d fo r a w a k e n in g it w a s ta u g h t th u s b y th e A w a k e n e d O n e, a s m e d icin e fo r a d isease. / O th e r w o m en also , re co g n ise d th u s in w h a t is tru e dham m a , n u rtu re th e e v e r la s tin g s t a t e 8 w h e re , h a v in g g o n e, t h e y g r ie v e not* [283]
1 p esa y e . 1 v a haka vn m a n n a s h o u ld p r o b a b l y r e a d v a p a ( p a ti)k a m m a n a m a s a t X . 27. i , S in h . a n d S ia m . e d n s . * a ccuta th a n a , t h e p la c e n o t d e c e a s e d f r o m , n o t p a s s e d a w a y f r o m , n o t f a l le n fr o m .

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D IV I S I O N

(CU LLA VA G G A )

XI

T h e n 1 th e v e n e ra b le K a s s a p a th e G re a t a d d ressed th e m onks, s a y in g : O n ce u p o n a tim e , y o u r reveren ces, I w a s g o in g a lo n g th e h ig h -ro a d fro m P a v a to K u s in a ra to g e th e r w ith a la rg e O rd e r of m o n k s, w ith a t le a st fiv e h u n d re d m o n k s .2 T h en I, y o u r re ve ren ce s, s te p p in g a sid e fro m th e w a y , sa t d ow n a t th e ro o t o f a c e rta in tre e. N o w a t th a t tim e a c e rta in N a k e d A s c e tic , h a v in g p ic k e d u p a flo w er o f th e C o ra l T re e 3 a t K u s in a ra , w a s g o in g a lo n g th e h ig h -ro a d to P a v a . T h e n I, y o u r re v e ren ce s, sa w th a t N a k e d A s c e tic co m in g in th e d ista n ce, a n d seein g h im I sp o k e th u s to h im : D o y o u , y o u r reveren ce n o t k n o w a b o u t o u r T e a c h e r ? ' H e sa id : ' Y e s , I k n o w , y o u r re v e re n c e , th e reclu se G o ta m a a tta in e d n ib b a n a a w e e k ago. B e c a u s e o f th a t I p ic k e d u p th is flo w er o f th e C o ra l T re e .' " Y o u r re v e ren ce s, o f th o se m o n k s w h o w ere n o t passionless, som e, s tr e tc h in g fo rth th e ir a rm s, w a ile d , t h e y fe ll d o w n h u rtin g th e m s e lv e s, th e y reeled b a c k w a rd s a n d fo rw a rd s, s a y in g : T o o soon h a s th e L o rd a tta in e d n ib b a n a , to o soon h a s th e W e ll-fa re r a tta in e d n ib b a n a , to o soon h a s th e E y e in th e W o rld d is a p p e a re d / B u t th o se m o n k s w h o w ere p a ssio n less, th e s e , m in d fu l, c irc u m s p e c t, bore (th eir g rie f), s a y in g : ' Im p e rm a n e n t are co m p o u n d e d th in g s w h a t is here p o ssib le b e ca u se o f th is ? ' " T h e n I , y o u r re ve ren ce s, sp o k e th u s to th ese m o n k s : E n o u g h , y o u r re ve ren ce s, d o n o t g rie v e , d o n o t la m e n t, for h a s it n o t a lr e a d y been e x p la in e d b y th e L o rd : * O f e v e r y sin g le th in g t h a t is d e a r a n d b e lo v e d th e re is v a ria tio n , se p a ra tio n , b e c o m in g o th e rw ise . W h a t is h ere possible, y o u r re v e r en ces, b e ca u se o f th is : t h a t w h a te v e r is b o rn , h a s becom e, is co m p o site , is lia b le to d isso lu tio n ? In d e ed , th in k in g : 'L e t n o t th a t b e d is s o lv e d such a s itu a tio n d o es n o t e x is t / 4
1 C f . D . ii. 1 6 2 . * Q u o te d a t K h A . 9 1 , V A . 5. 8 m a n d a ta v a . C f . D . ii. 1 3 7 ; E r y t h r i n a f u lg e n s . A t r e e g r o w in g o n l y in h e a v e n . I f i t s flo w e r s w e r e f o u n d o n t h e e a r t h s o m e t h in g s p e c ia l m u s t h ave happened. N o t t h e s a m e a s t h e P & r ic c h a t t a k a , a ls o a c e le s t i a l c o r a l- t r e e , o f w h ic h t h e r e w e r e fiv e . 4 A l s o a t D . ii. 1 1 8 .

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" T h e n a t t h a t tim e , y o u r re v e re n c e s ,1 o n e n a m e d S u b h a d d a , w h o h a d g o n e fo r th w h e n o ld , w a s s ittin g in t h a t a sse m b ly . T h e n y o u r re v e ren ce s, S u b h a d d a w h o h a d g o n e fo r th w h e n o ld sp o k e th u s to th ese m o n k s : ' E n o u g h , y o u r re v e re n c e s, d o n ot g rie v e , d o n o t la m e n t, w e a re w e ll rid o f th is [284] g re a t recluse. W e w ere w o rried w h e n he sa id : " T h is is a llo w a b le to y o u , th is is n o t a llo w a b le to y o u ." B u t n o w w e w ill be a b le to do as w e lik e a n d w e w o n 't d o w h a t w e d o n 't lik e .' " C o m e, le t us, y o u r re v e re n c e s, c h a n t dham m a a n d d iscip lin e b e fo re w h a t is n o t dham m a sh in es o u t a n d dham m a is w ith h e ld , b e fo re w h a t is n o t d is c ip lin e sh in es o u t a n d d isc ip lin e is w ith h eld , b efo re th o se w h o s p e a k w h a t is n o t-dhamnuz b e c o m e stro n g a n d th o se w h o s p e a k dham m a b e c o m e feeb le, b e fo re th o se w h o sp e a k w h a t is n o t d iscip lin e b e c o m e stro n g a n d th o se w h o sp e a k d isc ip lin e b e co m e fe e b le / ' 2 |j i || " W e ll th e n , h o n o u re d sir, le t th e eld er se le ct m o n k s ." T h e n th e v e n e ra b le K a s s a p a th e G r e a t se le c te d fiv e h u n d re d p e rfe c te d ones, less one. M o n k s sp o k e th u s to th e v e n e ra b le K a s s a p a th e G re a t :3 " H o n o u re d sir, th is A n a n d a , a lth o u g h he is s till a lea rn er, c o u ld n o t be one t o fo llo w a w ro n g co u rse th ro u g h d esire, a n g e r, d elu sio n , f e a r ; a n d he h a s m a ste re d m u c h dham m a a n d d iscip lin e u n d e r th e L o rd . W e ll, n o w , h o n o u re d sir, le t th e e ld er se le ct th e v e n e ra b le A n a n d a a s w e ll. T h e n th e v e n e ra b le K a s s a p a th e G re a t s e le c te d th e v e n e ra b le A n a n d a as w e ll. || 2 || T h e n it o c cu rre d to th e m o n k s w h o w e re eld ers :4 N o w , w h e re sh o u ld w e c h a n t dham m a a n d d is c ip lin e ? T h e n it o ccu rred to th e m o n k s w h o w e re eld ers : " T h e re is g re a t resort fo r a lm s a t R a ja g a h a a n d lo d g in g s a re a b u n d a n t. S u p p o se th a t w e , sp e n d in g th e ra in s a t R a ja g a h a , sh o u ld c h a n t dhamma a n d d iscip lin e (th ere), a n d t h a t n o o th e r

1 A t D . ii. 16 2 t h e S u b h a d d a in c id e n t is p l a c e d b e fo r e t h e s p e e c h w h ic h h e re p re ced e s it. A t D A . 5 9 9 h e is id e n t if ie d w i t h t h e b a r b e r o f A tu -m a w h o w e n t f o r t h w h e n o ld , a n d w h o , a s t o l d a t V i n . i. 2 4 9 , w a s a n g r y w h e n G o t a m a r e fu s e d t o a c c e p t t h e m e a l h e h a d p r e p a r e d . T h e a b o v e in c id e n t w a s h is r e v e n g e . B A s a t C V . X I I . 1. 7 . Q u o t e d a t D A * 3 , 6 0 2 , V A . 6 . * Q u o t e d a t D A . 5 , K h A . 9 2 , V A . 7. 4 Q u o te d a t D A . 5, V A . 7.

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m o n k s w ere to co m e u p to R a ja g a h a fo r th e rains n II 3 I I T h e n th e v e n e ra b le K a s s a p a th e G re a t in fo rm ed th e O rd er, s a y in g : Y o u r re v e ren ce s, le t th e O rd e r liste n to m e. I f it seem s rig h t to th e O rd er, th e O rd er m a y a g ree u p o n th ese fiv e h u n d re d m o n k s to c h a n t dham m a a n d d iscip lin e w h ile th e y are sp en d in g th e ra in s in R a ja g a h a , a n d t h a t th e rains sh o u ld n o t b e sp e n t in R a ja g a h a b y a n y o th e r m o n ks. T h is is th e m o tio n . Y o u r re ve ren ce s, le t th e O rd e r liste n to m e. T h e O rd er is a g re e in g u p o n th e se five h u n d re d m o n ks to ch a n t dham m a a n d d iscip lin e w h ile t h e y a re sp en d in g th e ra in s in R a ja g a h a , a n d t h a t th e ra in s sh o u ld n o t b e sp en t in R a ja g a h a b y a n y o th e r m o n k s. I f th e a g re e m e n t u p o n th e se fiv e h u n d red m o n k s to c h a n t dha m m a a n d d iscip lin e w h ile t h e y a re sp en d in g th e ra in s in R a ja g a h a , a n d th a t th e ra in s sh o u ld n o t b e sp en t in R a ja g a h a b y a n y o th e r m o n k s, is p le a sin g to th e v e n e ra b le ones y o u sh o u ld b e s i l e n t ; he to w h o m it is n o t p leasin g sh o u ld sp e a k . T h e se five h u n d re d m o n k s a re a g reed upon b y th e O rd er to c h a n t dham m a a n d d iscip lin e w h ile t h e y are sp en d in g th e rain s in R a ja g a h a , a n d (it is agreed) t h a t th e rains sh o u ld n o t b e sp e n t in R a ja g a h a b y a n y o th e r m o n ks. I t is p le a sin g to th e O rd er, th e re fo re it is sile n t. T h u s do I u n d e rsta n d t h is .' Ii 4 || [285] T h e n th e m o n k s w h o w e re e ld ers w e n t to R a ja g a h a to c h a n t dha m m a a n d d is c ip lin e .2 T h e n it o ccu rre d to th e m o n k s w h o w ere eld ers : " N o w , re p a irs to b ro k e n a n d d ila p id a te d p a rts w e re p ra ise d b y th e L o rd . C om e, le t u s d u rin g th e first m o n th , m a k e rep a irs t o th e b ro k e n a n d d ila p id a te d p a rts ; h a v in g a ssem b led in th e m id d le m o n th , w e w ill c h a n t dham m a an d d is c ip lin e . T h e n th e m o n k s w h o w ere eld ers m ad e repairs to th e b ro k e n a n d d ila p id a te d p a rts d u rin g th e first m o n th .
II 5 II

T h e n th e v e n e ra b le A n a n d a , th in k in g :3 " T o -m o rro w is th e a ss e m b ly . N o w it is n o t su ita b le in m e th a t I , b e in g (only)

1 T h e e ld e r s d id n o t w a n t o t h e r s t o t a k e p a r t in t h e C o u n c il ; b u t if t h e y c a m e t h e y w o u ld h a v e t o s o a s t o r e n d e r v a l i d t h e p r o c e e d in g s . F o r had o n ly p a r t o f a n a s s e m b ly o r O r d e r p r e s e n t t h e r e t a k e n p art, in t h e m , t h e p r o c e e d in g s w o u ld h a v e b e e n i n v a li d f o r t h e y w o u ld h a v e b e e n c a r r ie d .o u t b y a n in c o m p le t e a s s e m b ly * vagga. a S o m e o f t h i s p a r a g r a p h q u o t e d a t D A . 8. 8 Cf. D A . 9 10 , w h ic h d if le r s s o m e w h a t .

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a lea rn er, sh o u ld go to th e a s s e m b ly , a n d h a v in g passed m u ch o f th a t n ig h t in m in d fu ln e ss as to b o d y , w h e n th e n ig h t w a s n e a rly sp en t th in k in g : I w ill lie d o w n , he in c lin e d his b o d y , b u t (before) h is h e a d h a d to u c h e d th e m a ttre ss a n d w h ile his fe e t w ere free fro m th e g ro u n d in t h a t in te r v a l h is m in d w a s freed fro m th e c a n k e rs w ith no re sid u u m (for reb irth ) rem a in in g . T h e n th e v e n e ra b le A n a n d a , b e in g a p e rfe c te d one, w e n t to th e a s s e m b ly .1 || 6 |j T h e n th e v e n e ra b le K a s s a p a th e G re a t in fo rm e d th e O rd er, s a y in g :2 Y o u r re ve ren ce s, le t th e O rd e r lis te n to m e. I f it seem s rig h t to th e O rd er I c o u ld q u e stio n U p a li on d is c ip lin e / ' T h e n th e v e n e ra b le U p a li in fo rm e d th e O rd er, s a y in g : H o n o u red sirs, le t th e O rd e r liste n to m e . I f it seem s rig h t to th e O rd er, I , q u e stio n e d on d is c ip lin e b y th e v e n e ra b le K a s s a p a th e G re a t, c o u ld a n s w e r . T h e n th e v e n e ra b le K a s s a p a th e G re a t sp o k e th u s to th e v e n e ra b le U p a li : W h e r e ,3 re v e re n d U p a li, w a s th e first o ffe n ce in v o lv in g d e fe a t la id d o w n ? 4'A t V e sa ll, h o n o u re d s ir . " R e g a r d in g w h o m ? R e g a rd in g S u d in n a th e K a la n d a k a . " O n w h a t s u b je c t ? O n s e x u a l in te rc o u rs e . T h e n th e v e n e ra b le K a s s a p a th e G r e a t q u e stio n e d th e v e n e ra b le U p a li a s to th e s u b je c t o f th e first o ffe n ce in v o lv in g d e fe a t a n d h e q u e stio n e d h im a s to its p ro v e n a n c e a n d he q u e stio n ed h im as to th e in d iv id u a l 4 a n d h e q u e stio n e d h im a s to w h a t w a s la id d o w n a n d h e q u e stio n e d h im as to w h a t w a s fu rth e r la id d o w n 5 a n d h e q u e s tio n e d h im a s to w h a t w as an o ffe n ce 3 a n d he q u e stio n e d h im a s t o w h a t w a s n o offence. " T h e n , re v e re n d U p a li, w h e re w a s th e se c o n d o ffen ce in v o lv in g d e fe a t la id d o w n ? In R a ja g a h a , h o n o u re d s ir . " R e g a rd in g w h o m ? R e g a rd in g D h a n iy a , th e p o tte r 's s o n .
1 Quoted at D A . i o. * Quoted D A . 1 1. 3 Quoted at D A . 12, V A . 30. 4 These first three questions are quoted at V A . 30. ? nuP annatti ; the additions made to the rule that was laid down, the paftHatti, after it had been first laid down. Cf. Vin. v. 2. 4 These are the cases mentioned after the Old Commentary's explanations of the words of the rule&.

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O n w h a t s u b je c t ? " O n ta k in g w h a t is n o t g iv e n . T h e n th e v e n e ra b le K a s s a p a th e G re a t q u e stio n e d th e v e n e ra b le U p a li as t o th e s u b je c t o f th e se co n d o ffen ce in v o lv in g d e fe a t a n d he q u e stio n e d h im as to its p ro v e n a n c e a n d he q u e stio n ed h im . . . as to w h a t w a s no offen ce. *' T h e n , re v e re n d U p a li, w h ere w a s th e th ird o ffen ce in v o lv in g d e fe a t la id d o w n ? " A t V e sa li, h o n o u re d s ir . " R e g a r d in g w h o m ? R e g a r d in g se v e ra l m o n k s . " O n w h a t s u b je c t ? " O n h u m a n b e in g s . 1 T h e n th e v e n e ra b le K a s s a p a th e G re a t [286] q u estio n ed th e v e n e ra b le U p a li as to th e s u b je c t o f th e th ird o ffen ce in v o lv in g d e fe a t a n d he q u e stio n e d h im as to its p ro v e n a n c e a n d he q u e stio n e d h im . . . as to w h a t w a s no offen ce. 4 4 T h e n , re v e re n d U p a li, w h e re w a s th e fo u rth offence in v o lv in g d e fe a t la id d o w n ? A t V e sa li, h o n o u re d s ir . R e g a r d in g w h o m ? R e g a r d in g th e m o n k s on th e b a n k s o f th e V a g g u m u d a . O n w h a t s u b je c t ? O n c o n d itio n s of. fu rth e r-m e n . T h e n th e v e n e ra b le K a s s a p a th e G re a t q u e stio n ed th e v e n e ra b le U p a li as to th e s u b je c t o f th e fo u rth offence in v o lv in g d e fe a t a n d h e q u e stio n e d h im a s to its p ro v e n a n c e a n d he q u e stio n e d h im as t o . . . w h a t w a s n o offen ce. In th is sa m e w a y h e q u e stio n e d h im a b o u t b o th th e d isc ip lin e s .2 C o n s ta n tly q u e stio n e d , th e v e n e ra b le U p a li a n sw e re d .3 || 7 II T h e n th e v e n e ra b le K a s s a p a th e G r e a t in fo rm ed th e O rd er, s a y in g : " H o n o u red sirs, le t th e O rd er liste n to m e .4 I f it seem s rig h t t o th e O rd er, I c o u ld q u e stio n A n a n d a a b o u t dham m ar T h e n th e v e n e ra b le A n a n d a in fo rm ed th e O rd er, s a y in g : H o n o u red sirs, le t th e O rd e r liste n to m e. I f it seem s r ig h t to th e O rd er, I , q u e stio n e d o n dham m a b y th e
1 * * 4 tn a n u ssa v ig g a h a . " D e p r iv in g o f lif e * is t o b e u n d e r s t o o d . I .e . t h a t f o r m o n k s a n d t h a t fo r n u n s . Q u o te d a t D A , 12 . Q u o te d a t D A . 13 .

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v e n e r a b le K a s s a p a th e G r e a t, c o u ld a n s w e r. T h e n th e v e n e ra b le K a s s a p a th e G r e a t sp o k e th u s to th e v e n e ra b le A n a n d a i1 W h e re , re v e re n d A n a n d a , w a s th e B r a h m a ja la - sp o k e n ? H o n o u re d sir, b e tw e e n R a ja g a h a a n d N a la n d a in th e r o y a l re st-h o u se a t A m b a la t t h ik a . W it h w h o m ? " S u p p iy a th e w a n d e re r a n d B r a h m a d a t ta th e b ra h m a n y o u t h . 3 T h e n th e v e n e r a b le K a s s a p a th e G r e a t q u e s tio n e d th e v e n e ra b le A n a n d a a s to th e p r o v e n a n c e o f th e B r a h m a ja la a n d h e q u e stio n e d h im a s to th e in d iv id u a l(s). " B u t w h ere, re v e re n d A n a n d a , w a s th e S a m a n n a p h a la 4 sp o k e n ? 5 I n R a ja g a h a , h o n o u re d sir, in J lv a k a 's m a n g o g r o v e . W it h w h o m ? W it h A ja t a s a t t u , th e son o f th e V id e h a n ( la d y ) . T h e n th e v e n e ra b le K a s s a p a th e G r e a t q u e stio n e d th e v e n e ra b le A n a n d a a s t o th e p r o v e n a n c e o f th e S a m a n n a p h a la a n d he q u e stio n e d h im a s to th e in d iv id u a l. In th is sa m e w a y h e q u e stio n e d h im a b o u t th e fiv e N ik a y a s . C o n s ta n tly q u e s tio n e d , th e v e n e ra b le A n a n d a a n sw e re d . |j 8 || T h e n th e v e n e ra b le A n a n d a s p o k e th u s to th e m o n k s w h o w ere e ld ers : T h e L o rd , h o n o u re d sirs, sp o k e th u s to m e a t th e tim e o f h is a tta in in g n ib b a n a : ' I f th e O rd er, A n a n d a , a fte r m y d e a th is w illin g , th e lesser a n d m in o r ru le s o f tr a in in g 6 m a y b e a b o lis h e d \ 7 B u t d id y o u , re v e re n d A n a n d a , a s k th e L o r d , s a y in g : B u t w h ic h , L o rd , a re th e le sse r a n d m in o r ru le s o f tr a in in g ? ' N o , I , h o n o u re d sirs, d id n o t a s k th e L o r d , s a y in g : * B u t w h ich , L o rd , are th e le sse r a n d m in o r ru le s o f tr a in in g ? ' S o m e e ld ers sp o k e th u s : E x c e p t fo r th e ru le s fo r th e fo u r offen ces in v o lv in g d e fe a t, th e re st a re le sser a n d m in o r ru les o f tr a in in g / ' S o m e e ld e rs s p o k e t h u s : " E x c e p t fo r th e ru le s for 1 Quoted at D A . 14. 2 The first Suttanta in the D lg h a . 3 Here both V A . 16 and D A . 14 add : " On what subject ? " " On praise and not praise/' 4 The second Suttanta in the Dlgha. B Quoted at V A . 16. After this sentence D A . 14 proceeds differently. 6 See B . D . iii, Intr. p. x and Pac. 62, especially B . D . iii. 41 where see n. 1 for further references ; also see Questions K i n g M ilin d a I. 202 f. 7 D . ii. 154.

C U L L A V A G G A XI 1-9] 399 th e fo u r offen ces in v o lv in g d e fe a t, [287] e x c e p t fo r th e ru les for th e th irte e n o ffen ces e n ta ilin g a F o r m a l M eetin g o f th e O rder, th e rest are lesser a n d m in o r ru les o f tr a in in g / ' Som e elders sp o k e th u s : E x c e p t fo r th e ru le s fo r th e fo u r offences in v o lv in g d e fe a t . . . e x c e p t fo r th e ru le s fo r th e tw o u n d e te rm in e d offen ces, th e rest are lesser an d m in o r ru les o f tr a in in g . Som e eld ers sp o k e th u s : E x c e p t fo r th e rules fo r th e fo u r o ffen ces in v o lv in g d e fe a t . . . e x c e p t fo r th e ru les fo r th e t h ir t y o ffen ces of e x p ia tio n in v o lv in g fo rfe itu re , th e re st are lesser a n d m in o r ru le s o f tr a in in g . Som e eld ers sp ok e th u s : E x c e p t fo r th e ru les fo r th e fo u r offen ces in v o lv in g d e fe a t . . . e x c e p t fo r th e ru les fo r th e n in e ty -tw o offences o f e x p ia tio n , th e re st a re lesser a n d m in o r ru les o f tr a in in g . S o m e e ld ers sp o k e th u s : E x c e p t fo r th e rules fo r th e fo u r o ffen ces in v o lv in g d e fe a t . . . e x c e p t fo r th e ru les fo r th e fo u r o ffen ces w h ic h o u g h t to be co n fessed , th e rest are lesser an d m in o r ru les o f tr a in in g . T h e n th e v e n e ra b le K a s s a p a th e G re a t in fo rm ed th e O rd er, s a y in g : Y o u r re ve ren ce s, le t th e O rd e r liste n to m e. T h e re are ru les o f tra in in g fo r u s w h ic h a ffe ct h ouseh old ers, a n d h o u seh o ld ers k n o w co n cern in g us : ' T h is is c e rta in ly a llo w a b le fo r th e re clu se s, so n s o f th e S a k y a n s , th is is c e rta in ly n o t a llo w a b le / I f w e w e re to a b o lish th e lesser a n d m in o r rules o f tr a in in g th e re w o u ld b e th o se w h o w o u ld s a y : 'A t th e tim e o f h is c re m a tio n 1 a ru le o f tra in in g h a d been la id d o w n b y th e reclu se G o ta m a fo r d is c ip le s ; w h ile th e T e a c h e r w as a m o n g st th e m th e s e tra in e d th e m s e lv e s in th e ru les o f tra in in g , b u t sin ce th e T e a c h e r h a s a tta in e d n ib b a jia a m o n g th e m , t h e y d o n o t n o w tra in th e m s e lv e s in th e ru les o f tra in in g / I f it seem s rig h t to th e O rd er, th e O rd er sh o u ld n o t l a y d o w n w h a t h a s n o t b een la id d o w n , n o r sh o u ld it a b o lish w h a t h a s been la id d o w n . I t sh o u ld p ro ce ed in c o n fo rm ity w ith a n d a c co rd in g to th e ru le s o f tr a in in g t h a t h a v e b een la id d o w n .2 T h is is th e m o tio n .3 Y o u r re ve ren ce s, le t th e O rd e r liste n to m e. T h e re a re ru les o f tra in in g fo r us . th ese d o n o t n ow tra in th e m s e lv e s in th e ru les o f tra in in g / T h e O rd e r is n o t la y in g d o w n w h a t h a s n o t been la id d o w n , n o r is it ab o lish in g
1 d h u n ia k d lik a m , a s a t C V . V I . 17. I . 1 C f . V i n iii. 2 3 1 ( N is s a g . X V . 1. 2 ). T h i s s p e e c h o f K a s s a p a 's , a s f a r a s h e r e , is q u o t e d a t D A . 592- 3-

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w h a t has b een la id d o w n . I t is p ro c e e d in g in c o n fo r m ity w ith a n d a c c o rd in g to th e ru le s o f tra in in g t h a t h a v e b een la id d o w n . I f th e n o t la y in g d o w n o f w h a t h a s n o t b een la id d o w n , if th e n o t a b o lish in g o f w h a t h a s b e en la id d o w n , if th e p ro c e e d in g in c o n fo r m ity w ith a n d a c c o rd in g to th e ru le s o f tra in in g th a t h a v e b een la id d o w n are p le a sin g to th e v e n e ra b le ones, th e y sh o u ld b e sile n t ; h e to w h o m t h e y are n o t p le a sin g sh o u ld sp ea k . T h e O rd e r is n o t la y in g d o w n w h a t h a s n o t b een la id d o w n , it is n o t a b o lis h in g w h a t h a s b e en la id d o w n , it is p ro ce ed in g in c o n fo r m ity w ith a n d a c c o rd in g to th e ru les of tra in in g th a t h a v e b een la id d o w n . I t is p le a sin g to th e O rd er, th e re fo re it is s ile n t. T h u s d o I u n d e rsta n d t h is . || 9 || T h e n th e m o n k s w h o w e re eld ers sp o k e th u s to th e v e n e ra b le A n a n d a : " T h i s , re v e re n d A n a n d a , is an o ffen ce o f w ro n g d o in g fo r y o u , in th a t y o u d id n o t a s k th e L o rd , s a y in g : * B u t w h ich , L o rd , a re th e lesser a n d m in o r [288] ru le s o f tra in in g ? ' C o n fe ss t h a t o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g . " I, h o n o u red sirs, o u t o f u n m in d fu ln e ss, did n o t a sk th e L o rd , s a y in g : ' B u t w h ic h , L o rd , are th e lesser a n d m in o r ru les o f tra in in g ? ' I do n o t see t h a t a s an o ffen ce o f w ro n g d o in g ,1 y e t e v e n o u t o f fa ith in th e v e n e ra b le ones I co n fess t h a t as an o ffe n ce o f w ro n g -d o in g . T h is to o is an o ffe n ce Of w ro n g -d o in g fo r y o u , re v e re n d A n a n d a , in th a t y o u se w ed th e L o r d 's c lo th fo r th e ra in s 2 a fte r h a v in g ste p p e d on it. C o n fe ss t h a t o ffen ce o f w ro n g d o in g . B u t I , h o n o u re d sirs, n o t o u t o f d isre sp e c t, se w e d th e L o r d s c lo th fo r th e rains. a fte r h a v in g s te p p e d on it. I do n o t see . . . b u t e v e n o u t o f fa ith in th e v e n e ra b le o n es I co n fess th a t a s an o ffen ce o f w r o n g -d o in g . " T h is to o is an o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g fo r y o u , re v e re n d A n a n d a , in th a t y o u h a d th e L o r d 's b o d y first o f a ll h o n o u re d b y w o m en ; b e ca u se th e se w e re w e e p in g , th e L o r d 's b o d y w a s d efiled b y te a rs. C o n fe ss th a t o ffe n ce o f w ro n g -d o in g . " B u t I, h o n o u re d sirs, th in k in g : ' D o n o t le t th e se be (here) a t a w ro n g tim e / 3 h a d th e L o r d 's b o d y h o n o u re d first 1 Cf. MV. X. 1 . 8. _ vassikasdtihd, see B . D . ii. 134, n. 1. Defined at Vin. iv. 173 (B .D . iii. 99) * md yimd vikdle ahesutn. V A . 1297 explains by tnd imdsam vikdle gamanani ahesurp,, do not let there be comings of these at a wrong time.

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o f a ll b y w o m en . I d o n o t see th a t a s an o ffen ce o f w ro n g d o in g . . . b u t e v e n o u t o f fa ith . . . /* T h is to o is an o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g fo r y o u , reveren d A n a n d a , in th a t y o u ,1 (alth o u gh ) a b ro a d h in t w a s b e in g g iv e n , a p a lp a b le sign w a s b e in g m a d e, d id n o t a s k th e L o rd , sa y in g : ' L e t th e L o rd re m a in fo r a (full) life s p a n ,2 le t th e w e ll-fa re r re m a in fo r a (full) life sp a n fo r th e w e lfa re o f th e m a n y -fo lk , fo r th e h a p p in e ss of th e m a n y -fo lk , o u t o f co m p assio n for the w o rld , fo r th e g o o d , th e w e lfa re , th e h a p p in e ss o f devas -and m a n k in d / C o n fess th a t o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g / 1 " B u t I , h o n o u re d sirs, b ecau se m y m in d w a s obsessed 4 w ith M ara, d id n o t a s k th e L o rd , s a y in g : L e t th e L o rd rem ain . . . th e h a p p in e ss o f devas a n d m a n k in d / I d o not see . . . o u t o f fa ith . . . . " T h is to o is a n o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g fo r y o u , reveren d A n a n d a , in th a t y o u m a d e a n effo rt for th e g o in g fo rth o f w o m en in th e dham m a a n d d iscip lin e p ro cla im ed b y th e T r u th -fin d e r .4 C o n fess th is o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g / ' B u t I , h o n o u re d sirs, m a d e an e ffo rt for th e g o in g fo rth o f w o m e n in th e dham m a a n d d iscip lin e p ro cla im ed b y th e T ru th -fin d e r, t h in k in g : r T h is G o ta m id , P a ja p a ti th e G r e a t ,5 is th e L o r d s a u n t, fo ste r-m o th e r, nurse, g iv e r of m ilk, for w h en th e L o r d 's m o th e r p a ssed a w a y , she su c k le d h im / I d o n ot see th a t as an o ffen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g , b u t even o u t o f fa ith in th e v e n e ra b le ones I co n fess th a t as a n offence o f w ro n g d o in g / 1 || 10 || N o w a t t h a t tim e th e v e n e ra b le P u ra n a w as w a lk in g on a lm sto u r in th e S o u th e rn H ills to g e th e r w ith a large O rd er o f m o n k s, w ith a t le a s t fiv e h u n d re d m onks. T h e n th e v e n e ra b le P u ra n a , h a v in g s ta y e d in th e S o u th e rn H ills for as lo n g as he fo u n d su itin g , a fte r th e m o n k s w h o w ere elders had c h a n te d dham m a a n d d iscip lin e [289], a p p ro a ch e d R a ja g a h a , th e B a m b o o G ro v e , th e s q u irre ls 1 fe e d in g p la ce, a n d th e m o n ks w h o w ere e l d e r s ; h a v in g .a p p ro a ch e d , h a v in g ex ch a n g ed
1 C f . A . i v . 3 0 9 - 1 0 , D . ii. 10 3 , 1 1 5 , S . v . 2 5 9 , U d . 6 2 . 2 k a p p a . S e e n . a t G .S . i v . 20 6. A A . i v . 14 9 = S A . m . 2 5 1 U d A . 323 c a l l s it a y u k a p p a , a n d s a y w h a t e v e r is t h e le n g t h o f m e n s life a t t h is a n d t h a t t im e , b r in g in g t h a t t o t h e fu ll, le t h im r e m a in . 8 A s a t V i n . iv . 9 4 , 2 2 9 . 4 A b o v e , C V . X . 1. * A s a t C V . X . 1. 3 ; M . iii. 2 53 .

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fr ie n d ly g re e tin g s w ith th e m o n k s w h o w e re e ld ers, h e s a t d o w n a t a re s p e c tfu l d is ta n c e . T h e m o n k s w h o w e re e ld ers sp o k e th u s to th e v e n e ra b le P u r a n a a s h e w a s s ittin g d o w n a t a re s p e c tfu l d is ta n c e : R e v e r e n d P u ra n a , dham m a a n d d isc ip lin e h a v e b een c h a n te d b y m o n k s w h o are e ld ers. S u b m it y o u r s e lf 1 to th is c h a n tin g / 1 Y o u r re v e ren ce s, w e ll c h a n te d b y th e e ld e rs a re dham m a a n d d iscip lin e, b u t in t h a t w a y t h a t I h e a rd it in th e L o r d 's p re se n ce > t h a t I r e c e iv e d it in h is p re se n c e , in th a t sa m e w a y w ill I b e a r it in m in d ." || i i || T h e n th e v e n e ra b le A n a n d a sp o k e th u s to th e m o n k s w h o w ere eld ers : H o n o u re d sirs, th e L o r d , a t th e tim e o f a tta in in g n ib b a n a , sp o k e th u s to m e : W e ll n o w , A n a n d a , a fte r I a m g o n e , le t th e O rd er e n jo in th e h ig h e r p e n a lt y 3 fo r th e m o n k Channa/ 3 " B u t d id y o u , re v e re n d A n a n d a , a s k th e L o rd : 1 B u t w h a t. L o rd , is th e h ig h e r p e n a lty ? I , h o n o u re d sirs, d id a s k th e L o r d : B u t w h a t, L o rd , is th e h ig h e r p e n a lty ? ' H e sa id , A n a n d a , C h a n n a m a y s a y w h a te v e r he lik e s to m o n k s, b u t th e m o n k C h a n n a m u st n e ith e r be sp o k e n to , n o r e x h o r te d n o r in s tr u c te d b y m o n k s \ 4 " W e ll th e n , re v e re n d A n a n d a , d o y o u y o u r s e lf e n jo in th e h ig h e r p e n a lty on th e m o n k C h a n n a . " B u t h o w c a n I , h o n o u re d sirs, e n jo in th e h ig h e r p e n a lty on th e m o n k C h a n n a ? T h a t m o n k is fierce a n d r o u g h . W e ll th e n , re v e re n d A n a n d a , g o a lo n g to g e th e r w ith m a n y m o n k s . " V e r y w e ll, h o n o u re d s ir s , a n d th e v e n e ra b le A n a n d a , h a v in g a n sw e re d th e s e m o n k s in a ss e n t, h a v in g , to g e th e r w th a la r g e O rd e r o f m o n k s , w ith a t le a s t fiv e h u n d re d m o n ks, d is e m b a rk e d a t K o s a m b i fro m a b o a t g o in g u p s tr e a m ,5 sa t
1 u p e h i , a s a t C V . I X . 3- 3 ( t o w a r d s th e e n d ) . * b ra h m a d a n tfa . 8 A s a t D . ii. 1 5 4 . S e e B . D , ii. 2 3 0 , 2 5 7 , 3 9 3 , iii- 3 6 f o r f u r t h e r r e f e r e n c e s t o C h a n n a 's m is d o in g s . I t is n o t c l e a r w h e t h e r t h i s p e n a l t y w a s im p o s e d b e c a u s e h e h a d t a k e n t h e n u n 's p a r t in a d i s p u t e w i t h m o n k s , o r b e c a u s e h e h a d r e p e a t e d ly r e v i le d S a r i p u t t a a n d M o g g a l l a n a , a s a p p e a r s f r o m D h A . ii. 1 1 0 - 1 1 2 , w h e r e a ls o o t h e r d e t a il s a r e t o b e f o u n d . C f . a ls o T k a g . A . i. 16 6 . 4 C f . A . ii. 1 1 3 w h e r e i t is s a id t h a t t h i s is d e s t r u c t io n , v a d h a , in t h e a r i y a n d is c ip lin e : w h e n a m o n k is t o b e n e it h e r s p o k e n t o , e x h o r t e d n o r i n s t r u c t e d b y t h e T r u t h - f in d e r o r b y h is f e l l o w B r a h m a - f a r e r s . * u jja v a n ik a y a , c f. V i n . i v . 6 5 .

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d o w n a t th e ro o t o f a c e rta in tree n o t fa r fro m K in g U d e n a 's 1 p le a su re g ro v e . j| 12 |] N o w a t t h a t tim e K in g U d e n a w a s a m u sin g h im self in h is p lea su re g ro v e to g e th e r w ith h is co n cu b in es. T h e n K in g U d e n a 's co n c u b in e s h e a rd :2 I t is sa id th a t o u r te a ch er, m a ste r A n a n d a , is s ittin g a t th e ro o t o f a c e rta in tree n o t 'fa r fro m th e p le a su re g r o v e ." T h e n K in g U d e n a 's co n cu b in es sp o k e th u s to K in g U d e n a : S ire, th e y s a y th a t o u r te a c h e r . . . n o t fa r fro m th e p le a su re g ro v e . W e , sire, w a n t to see m a ste r A n a n d a / " W e ll th e n , d o y o u see th e reclu se A n a n d a /' T h e n K in g U d e n a 's co n c u b in e s a p p ro a c h e d th e v e n e ra b le A nanda ; h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d , h a v in g g re e te d th e v e n e ra b le A n an d a, th e y sa t d o w n a t a re sp e c tfu l d ista n c e . T h e v e n e ra b le A nanda g la d d e n e d , re jo ic e d , ro u sed , d e lig h te d K in g U d e n a 's co n cu b in es w ith t a lk on dham m a a s t h e y w ere s ittin g d o w n a t a re sp e ctfu l d ista n c e . [290] T h e n K in g U d e n a 's co n cu b in es, g la d d en e d . . . d e lig h te d b y th e v e n e ra b le A n an d a w ith t a lk on dhamma, b e sto w e d fiv e h u n d re d in n e r ro b es on th e v e n e ra b le A nanda. T h e n K in g U d e n a 's co n cu b in e s, p le a se d w ith th e ve n e ra b le A n an d a's w o rd s, h a v in g th a n k e d h im , risin g fro m th e ir seats, h a v in g g re e te d th e v e n e ra b le A n an d a, h a v in g k e p t th e ir rig h t sid es to w a rd s h im , a p p ro a c h e d K in g U d e n a , II ^3 II K in g U d e n a sa w th e co n cu b in e s c o m in g in th e d ista n c e ; seein g th e m h e sp o k e th u s to th e co n cu b in e s : D id y o u see th e re clu se A n a n d a ? "

W e, sire, d id see m aster A n a n d a ." *' B u t d id not you give a n yth in g to the recluse A n an d a ?
" W e g a v e , sire, fiv e h u n d re d in n e r ro b es to m a ste r A n a n d a .' K in g U d e n a lo o k e d d o w n u p o n , critic ise d , sp rea d it a b o u t, s a y in g : H o w c a n th is re clu se A n a n d a a c c e p t so m a n y ro b es ? W ill th e re clu se A n a n d a set u p tra d e in w o v e n c lo th o r w ill he o ffe r (them ) fo r sa le in a sh op ? 3 T h e n K in g U d e n a a p p ro a ch e d th e v e n e ra b le A n a n d a ; h a v in g a p p ro a ch e d , h e e x ch a n g e d g re e tin g s w ith th e v e n e ra b le A n a n d a ; h a v in g e x ch a n g e d g re e tin g s o f frien d lin e ss and- c o u rte s y , he sa t d o w n a t a
1 K i n g o f K o s a m b i. _ . . 1 C f , || 1 3 , 1 4 j| w i t h f d . ii. 2 3 24 w h e r e A n a n d a r e c e iv e s a n o t h e r t h o u s a n d b es. 8 p a g g a h ik a s a la m p a s d r e s s a ti . C f . C V . X . 10. 4, d p a y a tft p a s d r e n ti .

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re sp e c tfu l d is ta n c e . A s he w a s s ittin g d o w n a t a re sp e c tfu l d is ta n c e , K in g U d e n a sp o k e th u s to th e v e n e ra b le A n a n d a : D id n o t o u r c o n c u b in e s co m e h e re , g o o d 1 A n a n d a ? " Y o u r c o n c u b in e s d id c o m e h e re , y o u r m a je s t y . " D id t h e y n o t g iv e a n y th in g to th e h o n o u ra b le 2 A n a n d a ? " T h e y g a v e m e fiv e h u n d re d in n e r ro b es, y o u r m a je s t y ." B u t w h a t c a n y o u , h o n o u ra b le 3 A n a n d a , d o w ith so m a n y ro b es ? " I w ill sh a re th e m , y o u r m a je s t y , w ith th o se m o n k s w h o se ro b es a re w o rn t h in . " B u t w h a t w ill y o u d o, g o o d A n a n d a , w ith th o se o ld ro b es t h a t a re w o rn th in ? W e w ill m a k e th e m in to u p p e r c o v e r in g s ,4 y o u r m a je s t y ." " B u t w h a t w ill y o u d o, g o o d A n a n d a , w ith th o se u p p er c o v e rin g s th a t a re o ld ? W e w ill m a k e th e se in to m a ttr e s s c o v e rin g s , y o u r m a je s t y ." B u t w h a t w ill y o u d o, g o o d A n a n d a , w ith th o se m a ttre s s c o v e rin g s th a t a re o ld ? " W e w ill m a k e th e m in to g ro u n d c o v e rin g s , y o u r m a je s t y . " B u t w h a t w ill y o u d o, g o o d A n a n d a , w ith th o se g ro u n d c o v e rin g s t h a t a re o ld ? W e w ill m a k e th e m in to fo o t-w ip e rs , y o u r m a je s t y . " B u t w h a t w ill y o u d o, g o o d A n a n d a , w ith th o se fo o t-w ip e rs th a t a re o ld ? W e w ill m a k e th e m in to d u ste rs, y o u r m a je s t y . " B u t w h a t w ill y o u d o , g o o d A n a n d a , w ith th o se d u ste rs t h a t a re old ? H a v in g to rn th e m in to sh red s, y o u r m a je s ty , h a v in g k n e a d e d th e m w ith m u d , w e w ill sm e a r a p la s te r-flo o rin g ." T h e n K in g U d e n a , th in k in g : [291] T h e se reclu ses, so n s o f th e S a k y a n s , use e v e r y th in g in an o r d e r ly w a y an d d o not le t th in g s go to w a s te , 6 b e sto w e d e v e n a n o th e r fiv e h u n d re d w o v e n c lo th s on th e v e n e r a b le A n a n d a * T h e re fo re th is w a s th e first tim e th a t a th o u s a n d ro b es h a d a c c ru e d to th e v e n e ra b le A n a n d a a s a n a lm s o f ro b es. || 14 j|
r - _ _

2 bhoto . 8 bhavam . * u tta r a ttk a ra n a . 8 sabbeva y o n is o u p a n e n ti n a k u ld v a m g a tn e n ti. V A . 1 2 9 7 s a y s t h e m e a n in g o f n a k u la v a m g a tn e n ti is n a ko tth a k e g o p e n ti , t h e y d o n o t k e e p t h e m in a sto re ro o m .

405 T h e n th e v e n e ra b le A n a n d a a p p ro a ch e d G h o s ita 's m on as t e r y ; h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d , he sa t d o w n on an a p p o in te d se a t. T h e n th e v e n e ra b le C h a n n a a p p ro a ch e d th e ve n e ra b le A n a n d a ; h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d , h a v in g g re e te d th e v e n e ra b le A n a n d a , he sa t d o w n a t a re sp e c tfu l d ista n c e . T h e ve n e ra b le A n a n d a sp o k e th u s t o th e v e n e ra b le C h a n n a a s he w a s sittin g d ow n a t a re sp e c tfu l d ista n c e : " T h e h ig h e r p e n a lty h as been en jo in ed o n y o u , re v e ren d C h a n n a , b y th e O rd e r." " B u t w h a t, h o n o u red A n a n d a , is th e h ig h e r p e n a lty ? Y o u , re v e re n d C h a n n a , m a y s a y w h a t y o u p lease to th e m o n k s, b u t y o u m u st n e ith e r be sp ok en to n or ex h o rte d nor in s tru c te d b y th e m o n k s ." S a y in g : A m I n o t, h o n o u red A n a n d a , d e stro y e d because I m a y be n e ith e r sp o k en to n o r e x h o rte d n or in stru c te d b y th e m o n k s ? he fe ll d o w n fa in tin g a t th a t v e r y p lace. T h e n th e v e n e ra b le C h a n n a , b e in g tro u b le d a b o u t th e high er p e n a lty , b e in g a sh a m e d o f it, lo a th in g i t ,1 d w e llin g alone, a lo o f, zealous, a rd e n t, se lf-re so lu te , h a v in g soon realised here a n d n o w b y h is o w n su p e r-k n o w le d g e th a t su p rem e g o al o f th e B ra h m a fa r in g fo r th e sa k e o f w h ic h y o u n g m en o f fa m ily r ig h tly go fo rth fro m h o m e in to h o m elessn ess, e n te rin g on it, ab id ed in it a n d he u n d e rsto o d : D e s tro y e d is (in d ivid ual) b irth , liv e d is th e B ra h m a -fa rin g , d on e is w h a t w a s to be dorle, n o w there is no m o re o f b e in g th is or t h a t / ' A n d so th e v e n era b le C h an n a b e ca m e a n o th e r o f th e p e rfe cte d ones. T h e n th e v e n era b le C h a n n a , h a v in g a tta in e d p e rfe ctio n , a p p ro a ch e d th e ve n e ra b le A n a n d a ; h a v in g a p p ro a ch e d h e sp o k e th u s to th e ve n e ra b le A n a n d a : H o n o u red A n a n d a , n o w re v o k e th a h ig h er p e n a lty for m e ." F ro m th e m o m en t t h a t y o u , re v e re n d C h a n n a , realised p e rfe ctio n , fro m th a t m o m e n t th e h ig h e r p e n a lty w a s re v o k e d fo r y o u . || 15 ' || N o w b e cau se fiv e h u n d re d m o n k s n o t o n e m ore, n ot one less w ere a t th is c h a n tin g o f th e d iscip lin e, th is c h a n tin g o f th e d iscip lin e is in co n seq u en ce c a lle d th a t o f th e H v e H u n d re d / 3 || 16 || 1 || T o ld is th e E le v e n th S e c tio n : th a t on th e F iv e H u n d red .
1 A s a t V i n . i. 8 6 f . a C / . C V . X I I . 2. 9-

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In th is S e c tio n are tw e n ty - th r e e ite m s .

W h e n th e S e lf-e n lig h te n e d O n e h a d a tta in e d n ib b a n a th e e ld er c a lle d K a s s a p a a d d re sse d a g ro u p o f m o n k s o n p r e s e rv in g w h a t is tru e dham m a , / O n th e h ig h -ro a d fro m P a v a , w h a t w a s d e c la re d b y S u b h a d d a , [292] w e w ill c h a n t tr u e dham m a , b e fo re w h a t is n o t-dham m a sh in es fo r th . / A n d h e s e le c te d A n a n d a a lso fo r th e one in th e fiv e h u n d re d less one sp e n d in g th e ra in s 1 in c h a n tin g dham m a a n d d is c ip lin e in th e b e s t o f re so rts. / H e a s k e d U p a li a b o u t d is c ip lin e j th e w ise A n a n d a a b o u t th e S u tta n ta s : d isc ip le s o f th e C o n q u e ro r c h a n te d th e th re e P ita k a s . / T h e lesser a n d m in o r, v a rio u s , in c o n fo r m ity w ith a n d a c c o rd in g to w h a t w a s la id d o w n , he d id n o t a s k , h a v in g s te p p e d o n , h e c a u se d to h o n o u r, a n d h e d id n o t re q u e s t, / th e g o in g fo r th o f w o m e n : o u t o f fa ith t h e y a re o ffe n ces o f w ro n g -d o in g fo r m e. P u r a n a , a n d th e h ig h e r p e n a lty , th e c o n c u b in e s w ith U d e n a , / So m a n y , a n d w o rn th in , u p p e r c o v e rin g s , m a ttre sse s, g ro u n d c o v e rin g s , fo o t-w ip e rs , d u ste rs, k n e a d in g w ith m u d , a th o u s a n d ro b es a c c ru e d fo r th e first tim e to th e one c a lle d A nanda. / T h r e a te n e d w ith th e h ig h e r p e n a lt y h e a tta in e d th e fo u rfo ld tr u th . T h e fiv e h u n d re d h a v in g m a s te re d : th e re fo re it is ca lle d (the C h a n tin g ) o f th e F iv e H u n d re d . [293]

1 T e x t ; v a ss a n to , S i n h . a n d S i a m . : v a sa n to .

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N o w a t t h a t tim e, a c e n tu r y a fte r th e L o r d h a d a tta in e d n ib b a n a , m o n k s w h o w e re V a jjis o f V e s a ll 1 p ro m u lg a te d te n p o in ts a t V e sa ll, s a y in g : T h e p ra c tic e c o n c e rn in g a horn fo r s a lt 2 is a llo w a b le ; th e p ra c tic e a s to fiv e fin g e r-b re a d th s is a llo w a b le ; th e p ra c tic e c o n c e rn in g a m o n g th e v illa g e s ' is a llo w a b le ; th e p ra c tic e c o n c e rn in g resid en ces is a llo w a b le ; th e p ra c tic e c o n cern in g a ssen t is a llo w a b l e ; th e p ra c tic e c o n c e rn in g w h a t is c u s to m a r y is a llo w a b le ; th e p ra c tic e c o n c e rn in g u n c h u m e d b u tte r-m ilk is a llo w a b le ; it is a llo w a b le to d rin k u n fe rm e n te d to d d y ; a p ie ce o f c lo th to s it u p o n th a t h a s no b o rd er is a llo w a b le ; g o ld a n d s ilv e r a re a llo w a b le . N o w a t t h a t tim e th e v e n e ra b le Y a s a , th e son o f K a k a n d a k a ,5 w a lk in g on to u r a m o n g th e V a jjis , a r r iv e d a t V e s a ll .4 T h e n th e v e n e ra b le Y a s $ , th e so n o f K a k a n d a k a , s ta y e d th e re a t V e s a ll in th e G r e a t G r o v e in th e H a ll o f th e G a b le d R o o f. N o w a t th a t tim e th e m o n k s w h o w e re V a jjis o f V e sa ll, h a v in g on t h a t O b se rv a n c e d a y filled a b ro n ze p o t w ith w a te r, h a v in g se t it in th e m id st o f th e O rd e r o f m o n k s, sp o k e' th u s to la y fo llo w ers o f V e s a ll w h o c a m e : " G iv e , sirs, a k a h a p a n a 6 for th e O rd e r an d h a lf a p a d a 6 a n d a sta m p e d m asaka ;7 th e re w ill b e so m e th in g to b e d o n e fo r th e O rd er in re sp e c t o f re q u is ite s . W h e n th e y h a d sp o k en th u s , th e v e n e ra b le Y a s a ,8 th e son o f K a k a n d a k a , sp o k e th u s to th e la y fo llo w e rs o f V e s a ll : ,f D o
1 A s a t C V . V I I . 4. i . T h e t e r m s o f t h e t e n p o in t s a r e e x p l a in e d b e lo w , C V . X I I . 1. i o ; 2 . 8 . 9 I t a k e t h is p a r e n t t o b e h is m o th e r. T h i s Y a s a is m e n t io n e d a t D A . 5 2 5 ; M b v s . 96 ; M h v s . i v . 5 7 , 4 T h i s p a s s a g e is q u o t e d a t V A . i. 3 4 . S e e B . D . i. 2 9 , n ., a n d 7 1 , n . 2. O n p a d a t s e e B . D . i. 7 1 , n . 2 . A l t h o u g h t h e r e a d in g a b o v e is p i p d d a m p i t a s t h o u g h a4& ha a n d p a d a w e r e s e p a r a t e m e d iu m s o f e x c h a n g e , in t a k i n g t h e p h r a s e a s m e a n in g " h a l f a p a d a I a m f o llo w in g V v A . 7 7 = D h A . iii. 10 8 w h ic h g iv e s t h e d e s c e n d in g l i n e : k a h a p a n a , a4 4 h a p a d a t m a s a k a V i n . T e x t s iii. 3 8 7 t a k e s a d $ h a a s h a l f a k a h a p a n a , b u t t h e j u s t i f i c a t i o n f o r i t s b e in g h a l f a p a d a is g r e a t e r . 7 S e e B . D . i. 72 , n . 1, a n d V A . 6 8 9 -6 9 0 w h e r e i t is s a id t h a t s o m e m a sa k a s h a v e f ig u r e s s t a m p e d o n t h e m . 8 F o r t h e t e n p o in t s a n d t h e V a s a e p is o d e s e e a ls o M h v s . iv . 9 ff., D p v s . iv . 45 f f v . 2 3 ; V A . i, 33 ff.

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n o t, sirs, g iv e kahdpanas . . . a n d sta m p e d m dsakas to th e O rd e r : g o ld a n d s ilv e r are n o t a llo w a b le to reclu ses, so n s o f th e S a k y a n s .1 T h e reclu ses, so n s o f th e S a k y a n s d o n ot co n se n t (to a c ce p t) g o ld a n d silv e r, th e reclu ses, so n s o f th e S a k y a n s d o n o t re ce iv e g o ld a n d s ilv e r, th e reclu ses, sons o f th e S a k y a n s do n o t use je w e ls a n d refin ed g o ld ,2 t h e y h a v e d on e w ith g o ld a n d s ilv e r . 3 T h e n th e la y fo llo w e r s o f V e s a ll, b e in g sp o k e n to th u s b y th e v e n e r a b le Y a s a , th e so n of K a k a n d a k a , n e v e rth e le ss g a v e kahdpanas . . . an d sta m p e d m dsakas to th e O rd er. T h e n th e m o n k s w h o w ere V a jjis or V e sa ll, h a v in g to w a rd s th e e n d o f th a t n ig h t a rra n g e d th o se g o ld c o in s ,4 d is tr ib u te d p o rtio n s a c c o rd in g to th e n u m b e r of monks. T h e n th e m o n k s w h o w e re V a jj is o f V e s a ll sp o k e th u s to th e v e n e ra b le Y a s a , th e son o f K a k a n d a k a : [294] " T h is p o rtio n o f g o ld co in s is fo r y o u , re v e re n d Y a s a . " I h a v e n o n e e d o f a p o rtio n o f g o ld co in s, sirs, I d o n o t c o n se n t (to a c ce p t) g o ld c o in s . ]| i || T h e n th e m o n k s w h o w e re V a jjis o f VesalT, s a y in g : " T h is re v e re n d Y a s a , th e so n o f K a k a n d a k a , is re v ilin g a n d a b u s in g 8 la y fo llo w e r s w h o a re fa ith fu l a n d b e lie v in g ; co m e , le t us c a r ry ou t a (form al) a c t o f r e c o n c ilia tio n 7 fo r h im , c a rrie d o u t a (fo rm al) a c t o f re c o n c ilia tio n fo r h im . T h e n th e v e n e ra b le Y a s a , th e son o f K a k a n d a k a s p o k e th u s to th e m o n k s w h o w e re V a jjis o f V e s a l l : " I t w a s la id d o w n b y th e L o rd , y o u r re v e re n c e s, th a t a c o m p a n io n m e ssen g e r sh o u ld b e g iv e n to a m o n k fo r w h o m a (form al) a c t o f re c o n c ilia tio n h a s b een c a rrie d o u t .8 Y o u r re v e re n c e s, g iv e m e a m o n k a s c o m p a n io n m e sse n g e r. T h e n th e m o n k s w h o w e re V a jjis o f V e sa ll, h a v in g a g re e d u p o n one m o n k , g a v e h im to th e v e n e ra b le Y a s a , th e son o f K a k a n d a k a , a s a c o m p a n io n m e ssen ger. T h e n th e v e n e ra b le Y a s a , th e so n o f K a k a n d a k a , h a v in g e n te re d V e s a ll to g e th e r
1 N is s a g . X V I I I * * su va n n a. O n t h i s a n d h ir a n n a s e e B . D . i. 28 n . 8 A l l t h e s e p h r a s e s o c c u r a t 5*. i v . 3 2 5 a s a b o v e ; t h e l a s t t w o a r e a ls o u s e d a t M . ii. 5 1 in r e s p e c t o f t h e p o t t e r . 4 h ir a n n a . * b h ik k h a g g en a . C f . sey y a g g en a , v ih a ra g g en a a n d p a r iv e n a g g e n a a t C V . V I . 1 1 . 3. . 8 B o t h t h e s e t e r m s a r e d e fin e d a t V i n . i v . 3 0 9 . T h e y o c c u r a ls o a t V t n . iv . 52. 7 p a tis a r a n iy a k a m m a . S e e C V . I . 18, 5 . * C V . I . 22. 2.

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w ith th e m o n k w h o w a s h is c o m p a n io n m essen ger, sp o k e th u s to th e la y fo llo w e rs o f V e s a li : * I t is sa id th a t I re v ile a n d a b u se th e v e n e ra b le la y fo llo w e rs 1 w h o a re fa ith fu l a n d b e lie v in g , a n d t h a t I a ffo rd lit t le s a tis fa c tio n in t h a t I s p e a k of n o t -dham m a a s n o t -dhamma*, in th a t I s p e a k o f dham m a a s dham m a , in t h a t I sp e a k o f n o t-d iscip lin e as n o t-d isc ip lin e , in t h a t I s p e a k o f d is c ip lin e a s d iscip lin e.

I I2 | |
" F rie n d s , th e L o rd w a s o n ce s ta y in g a t S a v a tth T in th e J e t a G r o v e in A n a th a p in d ik a 's m o n a ste ry . T h e re , frien d s, th e L o rd a d d ressed th e m o n k s, s a y in g : M o n k s ,2 th e re are th ese fo u r sta in s o f th e m o o n an d th e su n , s ta in e d b y w h ic h sta in s th e m oon a n d th e sun b u rn n o t, sh in e n o t, b la z e n o t. W h a t are th e fo u r ? D en se c lo u d , m o n k s, is a s ta in o f th e m oon a n d th e sun , sta in e d b y w h ic h s ta in th e m o o n a n d th e su n . . . b la z e n o t. A sn o w -c lo u d 3 . . . S m o k e a n d d u st . . . R a h u ,4 m o n k s, is a s ta in o f th e m o o n a n d th e su n , sta in e d b y w h ic h sta in th e m o o n a n d th e su n b u rn n o t, sh in e n o t, b la z e n o t. T h e se , m o n k s, a re th e fo u r s ta in s o f th e m oon a n d th e su n , sta in e d b y w h ic h s ta in s th e m o o n a n d th e sur> b u m n o t, sh in e n o t, b la z e n o t. " E v e n so, m o n k s, th e re are fo u r s ta in s of reclu ses an d b ra h m a n s, sta in e d b y w h ic h sta in s so m e reclu ses a n d b ra h m a n s b u rn n o t, sh in e n o t, b la z e n o t. W h a t are th e fo u r ? T h e re are, m o n k s, so m e reclu ses a n d b ra h m a n s w h o d rin k fe rm e n te d liq u o r, w h o d rin k s p ir its , 6 a b s ta in in g n o t fro m d rin k in g fe r m e n te d liq u o r a n d sp irits. T h is , m o n k s, is th e first s ta in o f reclu ses an d b ra h m a n s, sta in e d b y w h ic h s ta in so m e recluses a n d b ra h m a n s b u rn n o t, sh in e n o t, b la z e n o t. A n d a g a in , m o n k s, som e reclu ses a n d b ra h m a n s [295] in d u lg e in s e x u a l in te rc o u rs e ,6 a b s ta in in g n o t fro m s e x u a l in terco u rse . T h is, m o n k s, is th e se co n d s ta in . . . . A n d a g a in , m o n k s, som e recluses a n d b ra h m a n s c o n se n t (to a c ce p t) g o ld a n d s ilv e r
1 d y a s m a n te u p a s a k e . 1 A s a,t A . ii. 53 . C f . M i lt t . 2 7 3 . 3 m a h ik d a t A . ii. 5 3 , m a h iy d . V A . 1 2 9 7 s a y s i t is a s n o w - c lo u d (h im a v a td h a k d ) a t t h e t i m e o f s n o w - f a ll. 4 H e fig u r e s in t h e I n d ia n m y t h o f e c lip s e s . S e e S . i. 50, 5 1 w h e r e t h e M o o n a n d S u n devas w e r e s e iz e d b y R a h u ; t h e y b o t h i n v o k e d G o t a m a s a id , a n d h e t o l d R a h u t o s e t t h e deva s f r e e . * See P ac. 51. 6 S ee P a r. I. P

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a b s ta in in g n ot fro m a c c e p tin g g o ld a n d s ilv e r .1 T h is , m o n ks, is th e th ir d s ta in . . . . A n d a g a in , m o n k s, so m e re clu se s a n d b ra h m a n s earn a liv in g b y a w ro n g m o d e o f liv e lih o o d , a b s ta in in g n ot fro m a w r o n g m o d e o f liv e lih o o d .2 T h is , m o n k s, is th e fo u rth sta in , sta in e d b y w h ic h s ta in so m e reclu ses a n d b ra h m a n s . . . b la z e n o t. T h e se , m o n k s, a re th e fo u r sta in s o f reclu ses a n d b ra h m a n s, sta in e d b y w h ic h s ta in s so m e reclu ses a n d b ra h m a n s b u rn n o t, sh in e n o t, b la z e n o t/ F rie n d s, th e L o r d sa id th is ; th e W e ll-fa re r h a v in g sa id th is, th e T e a c h e r fu rth e r sp o k e th u s : ' Som e re c lu se s 3 a n d b ra h m a n s a re sta in e d B y lu s t a n d ill-w ill. C lo th e d in ig n o ra n ce , B e in g s d e lig h t in p le a s u re -g iv in g sh a p e s ; L iq u o r fe rm e n te d a n d d is tille d t h e y d rin k ; T h e y fo llo w s e x u a l lu s t ; b y fo lly b lin d e d S o m e re clu se s a n d b ra h m a n s ta k e g ifts O f g o ld a n d s ilv e r a n d liv e w ro n g fu lly . T h e se a re c a lle d " s ta in s b y th e A w a k e n e d O ne, T h e k in sm a n o f th e S u n . T a in te d b y th ese S o m e re clu se s a n d b ra h m a n s b u m n e t, T h e y sh in e n o t, ta rn ish e d , d u st-so ile d , u t t e r fo o ls, S h ro u d e d in d a rk n e ss ; s la v e s o f c r a v in g th e y , L e d b y th e c o rd o f c r a v in g , a n d t h e y sw e ll T h e d re a d fu l c h a m e l-fie ld 4 a n d ta k e on a g a in b e c o m in g .' " I t is fo r s p e a k in g th u s th a t it is sa id t h a t I a m r e v ilin g a n d a b u s in g th e v e n e ra b le la y fo llo w e r s w h o a re fa ith fu l a n d b e lie v in g , a n d th a t I a ffo rd lit t le s a tis fa c tio n in t h a t I sp e a k o f T\ot-dhamma as n o t -dham m a, in th a t I s p e a k o f dham m a a s dham m at in t h a t I s p e a k o f n o t-d is c ip lin e as n o t-d iscip lin e , a n d in th a t I s p e a k o f d is c ip lin e a s d isc ip lin e , || 3 jj " F rie n d s, th e L o r d w a s o n ce s t a y in g a t R a ja g a h a in th e
1 S e e N is s a g . X V I I I , a n d D . i. 5 . * A t L>. i. 912 m a n y w r o n g m o d e s o f li v e l i h o o d a r e e n u m e r a t e d . 3 I f o l lo w t r a n s l a t io n a t G .S . ii. 6 2 6 3 , e x c e p t t h a t in t h e f i r s t lin e I h a v e " s t a i n e d " ( V i n . p a r ik k ilit t h a ) in s t e a d o f " s n a r e d " ( A . p a t ik k it t h d ) , a n d in t h e l a s t lin e I h a v e *' t a k e o n a g a in - b e c o m in g in s t e a d o f r e a p r e b i r t h . " 4 v a d d h e n ti k a ta s im . C f . U d . V I . 8 icc* ete u b h o a n td k a ta s iv a d d h a n a k a ta s iy o d itth l v a d d h e n ti ; a ls o T h ig . 50 2 k a ta s im v a d d k e n te ; a n d t h e lin e a b o v e , f r o m t h e y s w e ll " t o t h e e n d , w i t h T h a g . 4 5 6 w h ic h h o w e v e r f o r o u r a d iy a n ti ( t a k e o n ) r e a d s a c in a n t i ( a c c u m u la t e ) .

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B a m b o o G ro v e a t th e sq u irre ls' fe e d in g p la ce . N o w a t th a t tim e ,1 frien d s, in th e k in g s p r iv a te q u a rte rs th is c o n v e rsa tio n arose a m o n g th e k in g 's a s s e m b ly as t h e y w e re g a th e re d to g e th e r a n d s ittin g d o w n : ' G o ld a n d s ilv e r are a llo w a b le fo r th e reclu ses, son s o f th e S a k y a n s ; th e re clu se s, sons o f th e S a k y a n s co n se n t (to a c ce p t) g o ld a n d silv e r ; th e reclu ses, so n s o f th e S a k y a n s re c e iv e g o ld a n d s ilv e r / N o w a t th a t tim e , frien d s, a v illa g e h e a d m a n , M a n ic u la k a , w a s s ittin g d o w n in th a t a ss e m b ly . T h e n , frien d s, M a n ic u la k a , th e v illa g e h e a d m a n , sp o k e th u s to th a t a s s e m b ly : ' D o n o t, m a ste rs, sp e a k th u s. G o ld a n d s ilv e r a re n o t a llo w a b le to reclu ses, so n s o f th e S a k y a n s ; th e reclu ses, so n s o f th e S a k y a n s d o n o t co n se n t (to a cce p t) g o ld a n d s ilv e r ; th e re clu se s, so n s o f th e S a k y a n s do n o t re ce iv e g o ld a n d s ilv e r ; [296] th e reclu ses, so n s o f th e S a k y a n s d o n o t u se g o ld a n d s ilv e r , t h e y h a v e d o n e w ith g o ld a n d s ilv e r .' A n d , frien d s, M a n ic u la k a , th e v illa g e h e a d m a n , w a s a b le to c o n v in c e t h a t a ss e m b ly . T h e n , frien d s, M a n ic u la k a th e v illa g e h e a d m a n , h a v in g c o n v in c e d t h a t a s s e m b ly a p p ro a c h e d th e L o r d ; h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d , h a v in g g re e te d th e L o rd , h e s a t d o w n a t a re sp e c tfu l d is ta n c e . A s h e w a s s ittin g d o w n a t a re sp e c tfu l d ista n c e , M a n ic u la k a th e v illa g e h e a d m a n , sp o k e th u s to th e L o rd : ' N o w , L o rd , in th e k in g 's p r iv a te q u a rte rs. . . ,2 I w a s a b le , L o rd , to c o n v in c e t h a t a sse m b ly . I h o p e 3 t h a t I, L o rd , m a in ta in in g th u s , a m one w h o a sserts (fairly) w h a t h a s b e en a ffirm ed , a n d a m n o t m isre p re se n tin g th e L o rd b y w h a t is n o t fa c t, b u t a m m a in ta in in g a d o ctrin e w h ic h c o n fo rm s to h is d o c trin e , a n d th a t no one w h o is a fe llo w dh am m a-m sn , a h o ld e r o f (his) v ie w s , co m e s to a p o sitio n in c u rrin g b la m e . C e r ta in ly y o u , v illa g e h e a d m a n , m a in ta in in g th u s, a re one w h o a ss e rts (fa irly) w h a t I h a v e affirm ed , a n d a re n o t m is re p re se n tin g m e b y w h a t is n o t fa c t , b u t are m a in ta in in g a d o ctrin e w h ic h c o n fo rm s to m y d o c trin e , a n d n o one w h o is a fe llo w dham m a- m a n , a h o ld e r o f (m y) v ie w s, co m es t o a p o sitio n in c u rrin g b la m e . F o r , v illa g e h e a d m a n , g o ld a n d s ilv e r are n o t a llo w a b le to re clu se s, sons o f th e S a k y a n s ; th e
1 A s a t S . iv . 325. a T h e w h o le is r e p e a t e d in t h e t e x t . 3 T h i s s p e e c h o c c u r s in a l m o s t id e n t i c a l t e r m s a t M V . V I . 31. 4 ; s e e a ls o S . iii. 6 , iv . 5 1 , 34 0 , 3 8 1 ; A . i . 1 6 1 ; c f. A . ii. 3 1 , iii. 4 , D . i. 1 6 1 .

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re clu se s, son s o f th e S a k y a n s d o n o t co n se n t (to a c ce p t) go ld a n d s ilv e r ; th e re clu se s, so n s o f th e S a k y a n s d o n o t re ce iv e g o ld a n d s ilv e r ; th e re clu se s, so n s o f th e S a k y a n s d o n o t use g o ld a n d s ilv e r, t h e y h a v e d o n e w ith g o ld a n d s ilv e r. T o w h o e v e r, v illa g e h e a d m a n , g o ld a n d s ilv e r a re a llo w a b le to h im also a re a llo w a b le th e fiv e s tr a n d s o f se n se -p le a su re s ; to w h o e v e r th e fiv e s tr a n d s o f se n se -p le a su re s a re a llo w a b le , c e r ta in ly y o u m a y u n d e rs ta n d , v illa g e h e a d m a n , (th is to be) n o t th e dha m m a o f re clu se s ,1 n o t th e d h a m m a o f so n s o f th e S a k y a n s . A lth o u g h I , v illa g e h e a d m a n , sp o k e th u s : G ra ss m a y b e lo o k e d a b o u t fo r b y one w h o n e e d s g ra ss ; w o o d m a y b e lo o k e d a b o u t fo r b y one w h o n eed s w o o d ; a w a g o n m a y be lo o k e d a b o u t fo r b y one w h o n eed s a w a g o n ; a m a n m a y b e lo o k e d a b o u t fo r b y one w h o n eed s a m a n 2 y e t I , v illa g e h e a d m a n , h a v e n e v e r sa id in a n y w a y t h a t g o ld a n d silv e r m a y b e c o n se n te d to o r lo o k e d a b o u t fo r .' I t is fo r sp e a k in g th u s t h a t it is s a id t h a t I a m r e v ilin g a n d a b u sin g v e n e ra b le la y fo llo w e r s w h o a re fa ith fu l a n d b e lie v in g , a n d th a t I a ffo rd lit t le s a tis fa c tio n in t h a t I sp e a k o f n o t -d h a m m a a s n o t-d h a m m u , in th a t I s p e a k o f d ham m a a s d h a m m a , in t h a t I s p e a k o f n o td isc ip lin e a s n o t-d is c ip lin e , in t h a t I s p e a k o f d isc ip lin e a s d isc ip lin e . || 4 || " O n c e , frie n d s, w h e n th e L o r d w a s in R a ja g a h a , a s b e fo re , h e o b je c te d in c o n n e c tio n w ith U p a n a n d a , th e son o f th e S a k y a n s , to g o ld a n d s ilv e r a n d la id d o w n a ru le o f tr a in in g .3 I t is fo r s p e a k in g th u s t h a t it is said t h a t I a m r e v ilin g a n d a b u s in g v e n e r a b le la y fo llo w e r s w h o a re fa ith fu l a n d b e lie v in g , a n d th a t I a ffo rd little s a tis fa c tio n in t h a t I [297] s p e a k o f n o t-d h a m m a a s n o t -d h a m m a , in t h a t I s p e a k o f d ha m m a as d h a m m a , in t h a t I s p e a k o f n o t-d is c ip lin e a s n o t-d isc ip lin e , in th a t I s p e a k o f d isc ip lin e a s d is c ip lin e / ' ]| 5 || W h e n h e h a d s p o k e n th u s th e la y fo llo w e r s o f V e s a ll sp o k e th u s to Y a s a , th e son o f K a k a n d a k a : " H o n o u re d sir, m a ste r Y a s a , th e son o f K a k a n d a k a , is a lo n e a re clu se , a son o f th e S a k y a n s ; th ese, o n e a n d a ll, a re n o t re clu se s, n o t so n s o f th e Sakyan s. H o n o u red sir, le t m a s te r Y a s a , th e so n o f K a k a n d a k a , s t a y in V e s a ll a n d w e w ill m a k e a n e ffo rt in re g a rd to
1 sa m a tta d h a m m a , r e c lu s e s ' d h a m m a , m e n t io n e d a ls o a t A . iii. 3 7 1 . 8 T h e M a n ic iila - s u tta o f S . i v . 3 2 5 7 s t o p s h e r e . * S e e N is s k g . X V I I I .

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th e re q u isite s o f ro b es, a lm sfo o d , lo d g in g s , m ed icin es fo r th e s ic k ." T h e n th e v e n e ra b le Y a s a , th e so n o f K a k a n d a k a , h a v in g c o n v in c e d th e la y fo llo w e r s o f V e s a ll, w e n t to a m o n a ste ry to g e th e r w ith th e m o n k w h o w a s h is c o m p a n io n m essen ger. T h e n th e m o n k s w h o w e re V a jjis of V e s a ll a sk e d th e m o n k w h o w a s th e co m p a n io n m essen ger, s a y in g : " Y o u r re v e re n ce , h a v e th e la y fo llo w e r s o f V e s a ll b e e n a sk e d fo r fo rg iv e n e s s b y Y a s a , th e son o f K a k a n d a k a ? " Y o u r re v e re n c e s, e v il h a s b een d o n e to us ; Y a s a , th e son of K a k a n d a k a , is a lo n e re g a rd e d a s 1 a reclu se, a son o f th e S a k y a n s ; w e , o n e a n d a ll, a re r e g a rd e d a s n o t reclu ses, n o t so n s o f th e S a k y a n s / ' T h e n th e m o n k s w h o w e re V a jj is o f V e sa ll, s a y in g : " Y o u r re v e re n c e s, th is Y a s a , th e son o f K a k a n d a k a , n o t a g ree d u p o n b y u s, h a s g iv e n in fo r m a tio n 2 to h o u seh o ld ers. C o m e, le t us c a r r y o u t a (form al) a c t o f su sp e n sio n 3 a g a in s t h im ." A n d th ese g a th e re d to g e th e r d e siro u s o f c a r r y in g o u t a (form al) a c t o f su sp en sio n a g a in s t h im . T h e n th e v e n e ra b le Y a s a , th e so n o f K a k a n d a k a , h a v in g risen a b o v e th e g ro u n d , re a p p e a re d a t K osam b L T h e n th e v e n e r a b le Y a s a , th e so n o f K a k a n d a k a , se n t a m essen g e r to th e m o n k s o f P a v a 4 a n d (to th o se) o f th e so u th e rn re g io n of A v a n t i , 5 s a y in g : " L e t th e v e n e ra b le ones co m e, w e m u s t a tte n d to th is le g a l q u e stio n b e fo re w h a t is n o t dham m a sh in es fo r th a n d dhamma is w ith h e ld , (before) w h a t is n o t d is c ip lin e sh in es fo r th a n d d is c ip lin e is w ith h e ld , b e fo re th o s e w h o s p e a k w h a t is n o t dham m a b e c o m e s tr o n g a n d th o s e w h o s p e a k dham m a b ecom e fe e b le , (before) th o s e w h o s p e a k w h a t is n o t d iscip lin e b ecom e s tro n g a n d th o se w h o s p e a k d is c ip lin e b e co m e fe e b le . " 6 || 7 || N o w a t t h a t tim e th e v e n e ra b le S a m b h u ta ,7 a w e a re r of
1 ka ta , l i t . m a d e . p a k d s e ti. C f , C V . V I I . 3 . 2. ff . 8 u k k h e p a n iy a k a m m a . S e e C V . I . 25. 4 M e n t io n e d a t V i n . i. 2 5 3 , a n d c a l le d t h e r e a n d a b o v e P & t k e y y a k a . See n. a t B . D . iv . 3 5 1. V A . 1 1 0 5 c a l l s P a t h e y y a m ( v .l. P 5 .v e y y a m ) a k in g d o m t o t h e w e s t o f K o s a l a , w h ic h w i ll n o d o u b t a c c o u n t f o r t h e *' w e s t e r n c o u n t r y o f V in , T e x t s iii. 3 9 4 . * S e e V i n . i. 1 9 5 ff. \ s a t C V . X I . 1. 1 . . . t o lt_ 7 V e r s e s a t T h u g . 2 9 1 4 . S e e T h a g A . ii. 12 2 ff. ^ t e n t io n e d w i t h S 3 ,lh a f R e v a t a , a n d Y a s a a s A n a n d a 's p u p ils , V A . 34 1.

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co arse h e m p en c lo th , 1 w a s s t a y in g o n A h o g a n g a m o u n ta in slope. T h e n th e v e n e ra b le Y a s a , th e son o f K a k a n d a k a , a p p ro a c h e d A h o g a n g a m o u n ta in slo p e a n d th e v e n e ra b le S a m b h u ta , th e w e a re r o f co arse h e m p en c lo th ; h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d , h a v in g g r e e te d th e v e n e r a b le S a m b h u ta , th e w e a re r o f c o a rs e h e m p en c lo th , he s a t d o w n a t a r e s p e c tfu l d is ta n c e . A s he w a s s ittin g d o w n a t a r e s p e c tfu l d is ta n c e th e v e n e r a b le Y a s a , th e son o f K a k a n d a k a , sp o k e th u s to th e v e n e r a b le S a m b h u ta , th e w ea rer o f c o a rse h e m p en c lo th : " H o n o u re d sir, th e s e m o n k s , V a jj is o f V e s a ll, are p ro m u l g a tin g te n p o in ts :2 th e p r a c tic e c o n c e rn in g a h o rn fo r s a lt is a llo w a b le ; th e p r a c tic e as to fiv e fin g e r-b re a d th s is a llo w a b le ; th e p r a c tic e c o n c e rn in g a m o n g th e v illa g e s ' is a llo w a b le ; th e p ra c tic e c o n c e rn in g re sid e n ce s is a llo w a b le ; th e p ra c tic e c o n c e rn in g a sse n t is a llo w a b le ; th e p r a c tic e c o n c e rn in g w h a t is c u s to m a r y is a llo w a b le ; th e p r a c tic e c o n c e rn in g u n c h u rn e d b u tte r m ilk is a llo w a b le ; it is a llo w a b le to d rin k u n fe rm e n te d t o d d y ; a p ie c e o f c lo th to sit u p o n t h a t h a s no b o rd er is a llo w a b le ; g o ld a n d silv e r a re a llo w a b le . [298] C om e, h o n o u re d sir, w e m u st a tte n d to th is le g a l q u e stio n b e fo re w h a t is n o t dham m a sh in es fo r th a n d dham m a is w ith h e ld , (before) w h a t is n o t d is c ip lin e sh in es fo r th a n d d iscip lin e is w ith h e ld , b e fo re th o se w h o s p e a k w h a t is n o t dham m a b e co m e s tr o n g a n d th o se w h o s p e a k dham m a b c c o m e fe e b le , (before) th o s e w h o s p e a k w h a t is n o t d is c ip lin e b e c o m e s tro n g a n d th o se w h o sp e a k d is c ip lin e b e c o m e fe e b le . " V e r y w e ll, y o u r re v e r e n c e , th e v e n e r a b le S a m b h u ta , th e wrearer o f c o a rse h e m p en c lo th , a n sw e re d th e v e n e ra b le Y a s a , th e son o f K a k a n d a k a in a ssen t. T h e n as m a n y as s i x t y m o n k s o f P a v a , a ll fo re s t-d w e lle rs , a ll a lm sm e n , a ll ra g -ro b e w e a re rs, a ll w e a re rs o f th e th re e ro b e s ,3 one a n d a ll m e n p e r fe c te d ,4 g a th e re d to g e th e r o n A h o g a n g a m o u n ta in slo p e ; a n d a s m a n y as e ig h ty -e ig h t m o n k s o f th e s o u th e rn regio n o f A v a n t i, m o s tly fo re st-d w e lle rs, m o s tly a lm sm e n , m o s tly ra g -ro b e w ea rers, m o s tly w e a re rs o f th e th re e ro b es, a n d one a n d a ll m e n p e rfe c te d , g a th e r e d to g e th e r on A h o g a n g a m o u n ta in slo p e. || 8 ||
1 1 8 3 s d n a v d s in . O n s d n a s e e B . D . ii. 1 4 3 , n . 3. A s a t C V . X I I . 1. 1 . F o r r e f e r e n c e s t o t h e s e f o u r a s c e t ic p r a c t i c e s s e e n o t e s a t B . D . i v . 3 5 1 . T h e y a r e n o t c a lle d t h i s a t V i n . i. 2 5 3 .

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T h e n as th e se m o n k s w h o w ere eld ers w ere co n sid erin g , it o c c u rre d to t h e m : N o w , th is le g a l q u e stio n is h a rd a n d tro u b le so m e . H o w ca n w e a c q u ire a fa c tio n th ro u g h w h ic h w e c o u ld b e stro n g e r in re g a rd to th is le g a l q u e stio n ? " N o w a t t h a t tim e th e v e n e ra b le R e v a t a 1 w a s s ta y in g in S o r e y y a . H e h a d h e a rd m u c h , h e w a s one t o w h o m th e tr a d itio n h a d b e en h a n d e d d o w n , he w a s an e x p e r t in d h a m m a , e x p e r t in d iscip lin e, e x p e r t in th e h e a d in g s ; w ise, e x p e rie n c e d , c le v e r ; co n sc ie n tio u s, sc ru p u lo u s, d esiro u s of tr a in in g .2 T h e n it o c cu rre d to th e m o n k s w h o w ere eld ers : " T h is v e n e ra b le R e v a t a is s ta y in g in S o r e y y a . H e h a s h e a rd m u ch . . . d esiro u s o f tra in in g . I f w e c o u ld a c q u ire th e v e n e ra b le R e v a t a fo r th e fa c tio n , th u s c o u ld w e b e stro n g e r in re g a rd to th is le g a l q u e s tio n ." T h e n th e v e n e ra b le R e v a ta , th ro u g h th e co n d itio n o f devalik e h e a rin g w h ic h w a s p u rifie d , su rp a ssin g t h a t o f m en, h e a rd th e se m o n k s w h o w ere eld ers a s t h e y w ere co n sid erin g . A n d h a v in g h e a rd th e m , it o c cu rre d to h im : T h is le g a l q u e stio n is h a rd a n d tro u b le so m e , y e t it is n o t su ita b le fo r m e to h o ld b a c k fro m a le g a l q u e stio n lik e th is. B u t th e se m o n k s are co m in g n o w . I w ill g e t no c o m fo rt c ro w d e d u p b y th e m . S u p p o se th a t I sh o u ld g o a w a y b e fo re h a n d ? " T h e n th e v e n e ra b le R e v a t a w e n t fro m S o r e y y a to S a m k a ss a . T h e n th e m o n k s w h o w ere eld ers, h a v in g a r r iv e d a t S o r e y y a , a sk e d : f< W h e re is th e v e n e ra b le R e v a t a ? " T h e y sp o k e th u s : T h e v e n e ra b le R e v a t a h a s g o n e to S a m k a s s a ." T h e n th e v e n e ra b le R e v a t a w e n t fro m S a m k a ss a to K a n n a k u jja . T h e n th e m o n k s w h o wrere eld ers, h a v in g a r r iv e d a t S a m k a ss a , a sk e d : W h e re is th e v e n e ra b le R e v a t a ? T h e y sp o k e th u s : " T h is v e n e ra b le R e v a t a h a s g o n e t o K a n n a k u jja ." T h e n th e v e n e ra b le R e v a t a w e n t fro m K a n n a k u jja to U d u m b a ra . T h e n th e m o n k s w h o w ere eld ers, h a v in g a rriv e d a t K a n n a k u jja , a sk e d : W h e re is th e v e n e ra b le R e v a t a ? " T h e y sp o k e th u s : T h is v e n e ra b le R e v a t a h a s g o n e to U d u m b a r a ." [299] T h e n th e v e n e ra b le R e v a t a w e n t fro m U d u m b a ra to A g g a la p u r a . T h e n th e m o n k s w h o w e re eld ers, h a v in g a r r iv e d a t U d u m b a ra , a s k e d : W h e re is th e v e n e ra b le R e v a t a ? " T h e y sp o k e
1 S e e M h v s . i v . 5 7 , 60 ; c f. D p v s . i v , 49, V A . i. 33 f . * S t o c k , a s a t V i n . i. 1 2 7 , ii. 8 ; c f. A . i . 1 1 7 , ii. 1 4 7 , iii. 1 7 9 .

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t h u s : T h is v e n e ra b le R e v a t a h a s g o n e to A g g a la p u r a . T h e n th e v e n e ra b le R e v a t a w e n t fro m A g g a la p u r a to S a h a ja ti. T h e n th e m o n k s w h o w e re eld ers, h a v in g a rriv e d a t A g g a la p u r a , a sk e d : " W h e re is th e v e n e r a b le R e v a t a ? T h e y sp o k e th u s : T h is v e n e ra b le R e v a t a h a s g o n e to S a h a j a t i . T h e n th e m o n k s w h o w e re eld ers m e t th e v e n e ra b le R e v a t a a t S a h a ja ti. |j 9 || T h e n th e v e n e ra b le S a m b h u ta , th e w e a re r o f c o a rse h em p en clo th , sp o k e th u s to th e v e n e ra b le Y a s a , th e son o f K a k a n d a k a : Y o u r re v e re n ce , th is v e n e ra b le R e v a t a h as h e a rd m u ch , he is one to w h o m th e tra d itio n h a s b e en h a n d e d d o w n , he is an e x p e rt in dham m a , e x p e rt in d isc ip lin e , e x p e r t in th e h e a d in g s ; w ise, e x p e rie n c e d , c le v e r ; co n sc ie n tio u s, sc ru p u lo u s, d esiro u s of tra in in g . I f w e w e re to a s k th e v e n e ra b le R e v a t a a q u e stio n , th e v e n e ra b le R e v a t a w o u ld b e c a p a b le o f sp e n d in g a w h o le n ig h t o v e r ju s t th e one q u e stio n . B u t n o w th e v e n e ra b le R e v a t a w ill c a ll u p o n a m o n k w h o is a p u p il a n d a p la in -so n g r e p e a te r .1 D o y o u , w h en th a t m o n k h a s c o m p le te d th e p la in so n g in to n a tio n , h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d th e v e n e r a b le R e v a t a , a sk h im a b o u t th e se ten p o in ts . V e r y w e ll, h o n o u re d sir/* th e v e n e ra b le Y a s a , th e son of K a k a n d a k a , a n sw e re d th e v e n e ra b le S a m b h u ta , th e w e a re r o f co arse h e m p en c lo th , in a sse n t. T h e n th e v e n e ra b le R e v a t a c a lle d upon th e m o n k w h o w a s a p u p il a n d a p la in -so n g re p e a te r. T h e n w h en th a t m o n k h a d c o m p le te d th e p la in -so n g in to n a tio n , th e v e n e ra b le Y a s a , th e son o f K a k a n d a k a , a p p ro a c h e d th e v e n e ra b le R e v a t a ; h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d , h a v in g g re e te d th e v e n e ra b le R e v a t a , h e s a t d o w n a t a r e s p e c tfu l d is ta n c e . A s he w a s s ittin g d o w n a t a re sp e c tfu l d is ta n c e , th e v e n e ra b le Y a s a , th e son o f K a k a n d a k a , sp o k e th u s to th e v e n e ra b le R e v a t a : " H o n o u re d sir, is th e p r a c tic e c o n c e rn in g a h o rn fo r sa lt a llo w a b le ? i W h a t, y o u r re v e re n c e , is th is p r a c tic e c o n c e rn in g a h o rn fo r sa lt ? H o n o u re d sir, is it a llo w a b le to c a r r y a b o u t s a lt in a h o rn , th in k in g , I w ill e n jo y w h a te v e r m a y b e u n s a lte d ' ? " Y o u r re v e re n c e , it is n o t a llo w a b le . H o n o u re d sir, is th e p r a c tic e c o n c e rn in g tw o fin g e r-b re a d th s a llo w a b le P
1 sarabha%taka. S e e n o t e a b o v e , p . 14 6 .

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W h a t, y o u r re v e ren ce , is th is p r a c tic e c o n cern in g tw o fin g e r-b re a d th s ? " H o n o u re d sir, is it a llo w a b le t o e a t a m e a l a t th e w ro n g tim e w h e n th e sh a d o w h a s p a ssed b e y o n d tw o fin g e r-b re a d th s? Y o u r re v e re n c e , it is n ot a llo w a b le . H o n o u re d sir, is th e p ra c tic e c o n cern in g * a m o n g th e v illa g e s a llo w a b le ? " W h a t, y o u r re v e re n c e , is th is p ra c tic e c o n cern in g a m o n g th e v illa g e s ' ? H o n o u red sir, is it a llo w a b le , th in k in g , * I w ill g o now a m o n g th e v illa g e s / h a v in g e a te n , b e in g sa tisfie d , to e a t a m ea l th a t is n o t le ft o v e r ? ftl Y o u r re v e re n ce , it is n o t a llo w a b le / ' H o n o u red sir, is th e p ra c tic e c o n c e rn in g resid en ces a llo w a b le ? " W h a t, y o u r re v e ren ce , is th is p ra c tic e c o n c e rn in g resi d e n ces ? " H o n o u red sir, is it a llo w a b le fo r s e v e ra l resid en ces b e lo n g in g to th e sa m e b o u n d a r y to c a r r y o u t v a rio u s O b se rv a n c e s ? " Y o u r re ve ren ce s, it is n o t a llo w a b le . [300] " H o n o u red sir, is th e p ra c tic e c o n c e rn in g assen t a llo w a b le ? W h a t, y o u r re v e re n c e , is th is p r a c tic e c o n c e rn in g assen t ? H o n o u red sir, is it a llo w a b le fo r a n in c o m p le te O rd er to c a r r y o u t a (form al) a c t, th in k in g , 1 W e w ill a d v is e m o n k s w h o a r r iv e * ? " Y o u r re v e ren ce , it is n o t a llo w a b le . " H o n o u red sir, is th e p ra c tic e c o n c e rn in g w h a t is c u s to m a r y 2 a llo w a b le ? " W h a t, y o u r re v e re n c e , is th is p ra c tic e c o n c e rn in g w h a t is c u s to m a r y ? " H o n o u red sir, is it a llo w a b le , th in k in g , * T h is is h a b itu a lly d o n e 3 b y m y p re c e p to r, th is is h a b itu a lly d o n e b y m y te a c h e r/ to c o n d u c t o n e se lf a c c o rd in g to th a t ? Y o u r re v e re n ce , th e p r a c tic e c o n c e rn in g w h a t is c u s to m a r y is so m e tim e s a llo w a b le , so m etim es n o t a llo w a b le . " H o n o u red sir, is th e p ra c tic e c o n c e rn in g u n c h u rn e d b u tte r m ilk a llo w a b le ?
1 S e e P a c . 3 5 , a n d B . D . ii. 3 28. * acityriahapp a. C f , V in . i. 7 9 (M V . I . 51. 1 ) . J a jjh a c ip n a , a s a t C V . I V . 5. 1. ^ D p v s . i v . 4 7 . v . 18.

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" W h a t , y o u r re v e re n c e , is th is p r a c tic e c o n c e rn in g u n c h u rn e d b u tte r m ilk ? " H o n o u red sir, is it a llo w a b le , h a v in g e a te n , b e in g satisfied , to d rin k w h a te v e r is m ilk th a t is n o t le ft o v e r b u t w h ic h h a s p a ssed th e s ta g e o f b e in g m ilk (a lth o u g h ) it h a s n o t a rriv e d at th e sta g e o f b e in g c u rd s ? " Y o u r re v e re n ce , it is n o t a llo w a b le . H o n o u re d sir, is it a llo w a b le to d r in k u n fe rm e n te d to d d y ? " W h a t, y o u r re v e re n c e , is th is t o d d y ? " H o n o u re d sir, is it a llo w a b le to d r in k w h a te v e r is fe rm e n te d liq u o r 1 (but) w h ic h h a s n o t fe rm e n te d a n d h a s n o t a rriv e d a t th e s ta g e o f b e in g s tr o n g d rin k ? 2 Y o u r re v e re n c e , it is n o t a llo w a b le . H o n o u re d sir, is a p ie ce o f c lo th to s it u p o n th a t h a s no b o r d e r 3 a llo w a b le ? " Y o u r re v e re n c e , it is n o t a llo w a b le . H o n o u re d sir, a re g o ld a n d s ilv e r a llo w a b le ? ' Y o u r re v e re n c e , t h e y a re n o t a llo w a b le ." H o n o u re d sir, th e se m o n k s w h o a re V a jjis o f V e s a ll a re p ro m u lg a tin g th e se te n p o in ts in V e s a ll. C o m e , h o n o u re d sir, w e m u st a tte n d to th is le g a l q u e stio n b e fo re w h a t is n o t d ha m m a sh in es fo r th a n d dham m a is w ith h e ld , (before) w h a t is n o t d isc ip lin e sh in es fo r th a n d d is c ip lin e is w ith h e ld , b e fo re th o se w h o s p e a k w h a t is n o t dham m a b e c o m e s tro n g a n d th o se w h o s p e a k dham m a b e c o m e fe e b le (before) th o se w h o s p e a k w h a t is n o t d isc ip lin e b e c o m e s tro n g a n d th o se w h o s p e a k d iscip lin e b e co m e fe e b le / ' " V e r y w e ll, y o u r r e v e r e n c e , th e v e n e ra b le R e v a t a a n sw e re d th e v e n e ra b le Y a s a , th e son o f K a k a n d a k a in a ssen t. |j 10 || 1 j| T h e F ir s t P o r tio n fo r R e p e a tin g . T h e m o n k s w h o w e re V a jjis o f V e s a ll h e a r d : T h e y s a y th a t Y a s a , th e so n o f K a k a n d a k a , is w illin g to a tte n d t o th is le g a l q u e stio n , is lo o k in g a b o u t fo r a fa c tio n , a n d t h e y s a y th a t he is a c q u irin g a fa c t io n . T h e n it o c cu rre d to th e m o n k s w h o w ere V a jjis o f V e s a l l : " T h is le g a l q u e stio n is h a rd a n d
1 surd. C f, P a c . 5 1 . a majja. S e e B .D . ii. 3 8 5 , n . 1 . 3 Cf. d e fin it io n a t V in . iii. 2 3 2 , i v . 1 2 3 , 1 7 1 .

S e e B.D. ii. 8 7 , n . 5.

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tro u b le so m e . H o w c o u ld w e a c q u ire a fa c tio n th ro u g h w h ich w e c o u ld b e stro n g e r in re g a rd to th is le g a l q u e stio n ? T h e n it o ccu rre d to th e m o n k s w h o w e re V a jj is o f V e s a ll: " T h is v e n e ra b le R e v a t a is one w h o h a s h e a rd m u ch , one to w h o m th e tra d itio n h a s b e en h a n d e d d o w n , h e is e x p e rt in dha m m a, e x p e rt in d isc ip lin e , e x p e r t in th e h ea d in g s ; he is w ise, exp erien ced * c l e v e r ; c o n scie n tio u s, sc ru p u lo u s, d esiro u s of tra in in g . I f w e c o u ld a c q u ire th e v e n e ra b le R e v a t a fo r th e fa c tio n , th u s c o u ld w e b e stro n g e r in re g a rd to th is le g a l q u e s tio n ." T h e n th e m o n k s w h o w ere V a jj is o f VesalT p re p a re d a b u n d a n t re q u isite s fo r reclu ses b o w ls a n d ro b es a n d pieces of c lo th to sit u p o n a n d n e e d le-ca se s a n d w a is tb a n d s a n d stra in e rs an d re g u la tio n w a te r-p o ts. T h e n th e m o n k s w h o w ere V a jjis of V e sa li, ta k in g th e se re q u is ite s o f reclu ses, w e n t in a b o a t u p stre a m 1 to S a h a ja ti ; [301] h a v in g d is e m b a rk e d fro m th e b o a t, th e y p a r tic ip a te d in a m e a l a t th e ro o t o f a c e rta in tree. [| 1 || T h e n as th e v e n e ra b le S a lh a 2 w a s m e d ita tin g in p r iv a te a reaso n in g aro se in h is m in d th u s : f< W h ic h n o w are th e sp ea k e rs of dham m a th e m o n k s fro m th e E a s t or th o se fro m P a v a ? " T h e n as th e v e n e ra b le S a lh a w a s c o n sid erin g dham m a an d d iscip lin e it o ccu rre d t o h im : T h e m o n k s fro m th e E a s t are n o t sp e a k e rs o f dha m m a ; th e m o n k s o f P a v a are sp e a k e rs o f d h a m m a T h e n a c e rta in devatd o f th e P u r e A b o d e s, k n o w in g b y m in d th e re a so n in g in th e m in d o f th e v e n e ra b le S a lh a , a s a s tro n g m a n m ig h t s tr e tc h o u t h is b e n t b a c k a rm o r m ig h t b e n d b a c k h is o u ts tre tc h e d arm , e v e n so, v a n ish in g fro m th e devas o f th e P u r e A b o d e s, d id sh e a p p e a r b e fo re th e v e n e ra b le S a lh a . T h e n th a t devatd sp o k e th u s to th e v e n e ra b le S a lh a : I t is r ig h t, h o n o u re d S a lh a , th e m o n k s fro m th e E a s t are n o t sp e a k e rs o f d h a m m a , th e m o n k s o f P a v a a re sp ea k e rs o f dham m a. W e ll th e n , re v e re d S a lh a , s ta n d firm a c co rd in g to d h a m m a ."3 B o th fo rm e rly a n d n o w I, devatd , h a v e sto o d firm a c co rd in g to dha m m a . N e v e rth e le s s I a m n o t m a k in g k n o w n m y v ie w s u n til I m a y be a g re e d u p o n in re g a rd to th is le g a l q u e s tio n ." II 2 I I _________ ______________________________________ __
1 u jja v im s u . * A n a n d a 's p u p il, V A . 3 4 - 3 5 . _ . _ . * O r , a c c o r d in g t o t h e r u le , ya tha d h a m rn o tat ha titth a h i. d h a m m e titth a , s t a n d fir m in d h a m m a . . C f . M h v s . iv . 29

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T h e n th o se m o n k s w h o w ere V a jj is o f V e s a ll, ta k in g th o se re q u isite s fo r re clu se s, a p p ro a c h e d th e v e n e ra b le R e v a t a ; h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d , t h e y sp o k e th u s to th e v e n e ra b le R e v a t a : " H o n o u re d sir, le t th e O rd e r a c c e p t th e se re q u is ite s fo r recluses b o w ls a n d ro b es a n d p ie ce s o f c lo th to s it u p o n a n d n eedleca se s a n d w a is tb a n d s a n d s tra in e rs a n d re g u la tio n w a te r - p o ts . H e sa id : N o , y o u r re v e re n c e s, I a m c o m p le te a s to th e th re e ro b es (for) he d id n o t w a n t to a c c e p t. N o w a t th a t tim e a m o n k n a m e d U tta r a , o f t w e n t y y e a r s s ta n d in g w a s th e v e n e ra b le R e v a t a 's a tte n d a n t. T h e n th e m o n k s w h o w ere V a jjis o f V e s a ll a p p ro a c h e d th e v e n e ra b le U t t a r a ; h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d , t h e y sp o k e th u s to th e v e n e ra b le U t t a r a : L et th e v e n e ra b le U t t a r a a c c e p t th e s e re q u is ite s fo r re clu se s b o w ls a n d . . . re g u la tio n w a te r - p o ts . H e s a id : N o , y o u r re v e re n c e s, I a m c o m p le te a s to th e th re e ro b e s , (for) he d id n o t w a n t to a c c e p t. T h e y sa id : R e v e r e n d U tta r a , p e o p le u sed to b rin g re q u is ite s fo r reclu ses to th e L o rd . I f th e L o r d a c c e p te d th e m , t h e y w ere g la d ; b u t if th e L o r d d id n o t a c c e p t th e m , t h e y b ro u g h t th e m to th e v e n e r a b le A n a n d a , s a y in g : ' H o n o u re d sir, le t th e e ld er a c c e p t th e s e re q u is ite s fo r reclu ses, th u s w ill th is (gift) b e as th o u g h a c c e p te d b y th e L o r d .' L e t th e v e n e ra b le U tta r a a c c e p t [302] th e s e re q u is ite s o f reclu ses, th u s w ill th is (gift) bi* a s th o u g h a c c e p te d b y th e e ld e r . T h e n th e v e n e r a b le U tta r a , b e in g p ressed b y th e m o n k s w h o w ere V a jjis o f V e s a ll, to o k one ro b e, s a y in g : " L e t th e re v e re n d o n es te ll m e w h a t t h e y h a v e n e e d o f . L e t th e v e n e r a b le U t t a r a s a y th is m u c h to th e e ld e r : H o n o u re d sir, le t th e e ld e r s a y th is m u c h in th e m id st o f th e O rd e r : A w a k e n e d O n es, L o rd s , a ris e in th e E a s te r n d is tric ts , th e m o n k s fro m th e E a s t a re s p e a k e rs o f dham m a , th e m o n k s o f P a v a a re s p e a k e rs o f w h a t is n o t dham m a \ V e r y w e ll, y o u r r e v e r e n c e s , a n d th e v e n e ra b le U tta r a , h a v in g a n sw e re d th e m o n k s w h o w e re V a j j i s o f V e s a ll in a ssen t, a p p ro a c h e d th e v e n e ra b le R e v a t a ; h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d , he sp o k e th u s to th e v e n e ra b le R e v a t a : " H o n o u re d sir, le t th e eld er s a y th is m u c h in th e m id st o f th e O r d e r : A w a k e n e d O n e s, L o rd s , arise in th e E a s te r n d is tr ic ts , th e m o n k s fro m th e E a s t a re sp e a k e rs o f d h a m m a , th e m o n k s o f P a v a a r e s p e a k e rs of w h a t is n o t dham m a

CULLAVAGGA XII 421 2-3-4] S a y in g : Y o u , m o n k , are in c itin g m e to w h a t is n o t dham m a , th e e ld er d ism issed 1 th e v e n e ra b le U tta r a . Then th e m o n k s w h o w e re V a jjis o f V e s a ll sp o k e th u s to th e v e n e ra b le U t t a r a : W h a t, re v e re n d U tta r a , d id th e e ld er s a y ? E v i l h a s b een d on e to us, y o u r re ve ren ce s. S a y in g , * Y o u , m o n k , are in c itin g m e to w h a t is n o t d h a m m a , * th e elder d ism issed m e ." A r e n o t y o u , y o u r re v e re n c e , a sen io r o f t w e n t y y e a r s ' sta n d in g ? Y e s , y o u r re v e re n c e s. " T h e n w e sh a ll ta k e u p g u id a n c e u n d e r (yo u as) te a c h e r . 1 T h e n th e O rd er a ssem b led w ish in g to in v e s tig a te th a t le g a l q u e stio n . T h e v e n e ra b le R e v a t a in fo rm e d th e O rd er, s a y in g : Y o u r re v e ren ce s, le t th e O rd e r liste n to m e. I f w e w ere to s e ttle th a t le g a l q u e stio n h ere, it m ig h t b e t h a t th e m o n k s w h o h a d ta k e n it u p o rig in a lly m ig h t op en it u p fo r a fu rth e r (form al) a c t ,3 I f it seem s rig h t to th e O rd er, le t th e O rd er se ttle th is le g a l q u e stio n w h e re v e r th is le g a l q u estio n a ro s e / ' T h e n th e m o n k s w h o w ere e ld ers w e n t to V e s a ll w illin g to in v e s tig a te t h a t le g a l q u e stio n . N o w a t th a t tim e S a b b a k a m in 4 w a s th e n a m e o f an e ld e r o f th e O rd er, (the o ld est) on e a r th ;6 it w a s a h u n d re d a n d t w e n t y y e a rs sin ce h is o rd in a tio n ; he h a d sh a re d th e c e ll o f th e v e n e ra b le A n a n d a , a n d h e w a s s ta y in g a t V e sa ll. T h e n th e v e n e ra b le R e v a t a sp o k e th u s to th e v e n e ra b le S a m b h u ta , th e w e a re r of co arse h e m p en c lo th : " I , y o u r re ve ren ce , a m g o in g u p t o th e d w e llin g -p la c e w h ere th e v e n e ra b le S a b b a k a m in is s ta y in g . D o y o u , h a v in g gon e u p e a r ly to th e v e n e ra b le S a b b a k a m in , a sk h im a b o u t th e se te n p o in ts . V e r y w e ll, h o n o u re d s ir , th e v e n e r a b le S a m b h u ta , th e w e a re r o f co arse h e m p en c lo th , a n sw ered th e v e n e ra b le R e v a t a
1 p a n a tn e s i. Cf, M V . I . 27. 2 w h e r e t h i s w o r d is u s e d o f t h e f o r m a l d is m is s a l b y a p r e c e p t o r o f t h e o n e w h o s h a r e s h is c e ll. S e e a ls o M h v s . i v . 30. 1 g a r u n is s a y a . G aru no d o u b t = guru . O n n is s a y a s e e M V . I. 73. 3 See P a c. 63. a 4 P s s . B r e th . p . 2 2 6 , n . 1 s u g g e s t s t h a t t h e S a b b a k a m a o f T h a g . is t h e s a m e a s th e S a b b a k a m in o f V in . D . P . P . N . id e n t if ie s t h e t w o . C a lle d S a b b a k a m in a t V A . i. 34. H e t o o k a v o w t o p u r i f y t h e t e a c h i n g o f s o m e B u d d h a in a b i r t h d u r in g t h e t im e o f P a d u m u t t a r a B u d d h a . 5 p a th a v y S sa m g h a th ero .

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in a ssen t. T h e n th e v e n e ra b le R e v a t a w e n t u p to t h a t d w e llin g p la c e w h e re th e v e n e ra b le S a b b a k a m in w a s s ta y in g . A lo d g in g w a s m a d e r e a d y fo r th e v e n e ra b le S a b b a k a m in in a n in n er room , a n d one fo r th e v e n e ra b le R e v a t a on th e v e r a n d a o f th e in n e r room . T h e n th e v e n e ra b le R e v a t a , th in k in g : T h is [303J e ld er is old, b u t h e is n o t ly in g d o w n , d id n o t lie d o w n to sleep . T h e v e n e r a b le S a b b a k a m in , th in k in g : T h is in c o m in g m o n k is tire d , b u t he is n o t ly in g d o w n / ' d id n o t lie d ow n t o slee p . || 4 || T h e n a t th e en d o f th e n ig h t to w a r d s d a w n , th e v e n e ra b le S a b b a k a m in sp o k e th u s t o th e v e n e r a b le R e v a t a : " B e c a u s e o f w h a t a b id in g d o y o u , d e a r ,1 a b id e n o w in th e fu lln ess th e re o f ? " B e c a u s e o f a b id in g in lo v in g -k in d n e s s, d o I , h o n o u re d sir, a b id e n o w in th e fu lln ess th e r e o f. " T h e y s a y t h a t y o u , d e a r, b e c a u se o f a b id in g in frien d sh ip * n o w a b id e in th e fu lln ess th e re o f. T h is a b id in g m frie n d s h ip , b e lo v e d , th is is lo v in g -k in d n e s s . " F o r m e r ly , h o n o u re d sir, w h e n I w a s a h o u se h o ld e r lo v in g k in d n e ss w a s p ra c tis e d b y m e, a n d b e c a u s e o f t h a t a b id in g in lo v in g -k in d n e s s I n o w a b id e in th e fu lln e s s th e re o f, a n d m o re o v e r p e r fe c tio n w a s a tta in e d b y m e lo n g a g o . H o n o u re d sir, b e c a u s e o f w h a t a b id in g does th e e ld e r n o w a b id e in th e fu lln ess thereof*? " B e c a u s e o f a b id in g in (the c o n c e p t of) e m p tin e s s 3 do I, b e lo v e d , n o w a b id e in th e fu lln e ss th e r e o f. T h e y s a y t h a t th e e ld e r, h o n o u re d sir, b e c a u s e o f th e a b id in g o f g re a t m e n 4 n o w a b id e s in th e fu lln e s s th e re o f. T h is
1 b h u m m i , a t e r m o f a f f e c t io n , s a y s V A . 1 2 9 8 . a k u lla k a . V A . 12 9 8 e x p l a i n s b y u tta n a , s t r e t c h e d ; c l e a r . K u l l a k a is p r o b a b l y d e r i v e d f r o m k a u ly a = P a l i k u lla , b e lo n g in g t o t h e f a m i l y , a n d p o s s ib l y m e a n in g t h a t lo v in g - k in d n e s s h a s b e e n e x t e n d e d t o o t h e r s a n d t h a t t h e y h a v e b e e n s u ffu s e d w i t h h is lo v in g - k in d n e s s o f m in d . s u n n a td v ih a r a . C f . M . ii i. 10 4 , 2 9 4 . M A . v . 1 0 5 e x p la i n s a s a b i d i n g in t h e a t t a i n m e n t o f t h e f r u i t o f e m p t in e s s o r p h a la -s a m d p a tti m a y m e a n '* s u s t a in e d f r u it io n " ; t h e r e f o r e a s a b i d i n g i n t h e s u s t a in e d f r u i t i o n o f e m p t in e s s .* O n s u n n a t d s e e e s p e c i a l l y B u d . P s y c h . E t h ic s , p . 9 1 , n . 2 ; A s l . 2 2 1 5 K v u . I I I . 2. A t A s t . 2 2 1 i t is s a id t h a t s u n n a t d is a p p lie d t o t h e p u r if i c a t io n f o r m u l a , t h a t i t is a n a m e o f t h e t r a n s c e n d e n t a l W a y , a n d t h a t w h e n o n e s e e s t h e sa n k h d r a s a s " v o i d " o f s e lf t h is i n s i g h t is c a lle d s u n n a td , ** V o id n e s s ** o r " E m p t i n e s s ** is t h e u s u a l t r a n s l a t io n o f s u n n a t d , a n d m u s t r e m a in u n t i l s o m e t h in g b e t t e r is f o u n d . 4 m a h a p u r is a v ih a r a . C f . M . iii. 2 9 4 . M A . v . 10 6 e x p l a i n s a s t h e a b id in g o f g r e a t m e n : b u d d h a s , i n d i v i d u a l b u d d h a s , ta th a g a ta s a n d g r e a t d is c ip le s .

423 a b id in g o f g re a t m en, h o n o u red sir, th is is (the co n c e p t of) e m p tin e ss ."1 F o rm e rly , b e lo v e d , w h e n 1 w a s a h o u seh o ld er e m p tin ess w a s p ra c tis e d b y m e, a n d b e ca u se o f th a t a b id in g in e m p tin ess I n o w a b id e in th e fu lln ess th e re o f, a n d m o re o v e r p e rfe ctio n w as a tta in e d b y m e lo n g a g o . || 5 | | T h e n 2 th is c h a n c e t a lk o f th e m o n k s w h o w ere eld ers w as in te rru p te d , b e ca u se th e v e n e ra b le S a m b h u ta , th e w e a re r o f co arse h e m p en c lo th , a r r iv e d th e re . T h e n th e v e n e ra b le S a m b h u ta , th e w e a re r o f co arse h e m p en c lo th , a p p ro a c h e d th e v e n e ra b le S a b b a k a m in ; h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d , h a v in g g re e te d th e v e n e ra b le S a b b a k a m in , h e s a t d o w n a t a re sp e c tfu l d ista n c e . A s h e w a s s ittin g d o w n a t a re sp e c tfu l d ista n c e , th e v e n e ra b le S a m b h u ta , th e w e a re r o f co arse h em p en c lo th , sp o k e th u s to th e v e n e ra b le S a b b a k a m in : H o n o u re d sir, th e se m o n k s w h o are V a jj is o f V e s a ll are p ro m u lg a tin g te n p o in ts : th e p r a c tic e c o n c e rn in g a h o rn fo r sa lt is a llo w a b le . . . g o ld a n d s ilv e r are a llo w a b le . H o n o u re d sir, m u c h dham m a a n d d isc ip lin e h a s b een m a ste re d 3 b y th e e ld er a t th e fe e t 4 o f a p re c e p to r. A s , h o n o u re d sir, th e e ld e r w a s co n sid e rin g dham m a a n d d isc ip lin e , w h a t o c cu rre d to h im ? W h o are th e sp ea k e rs o f dham m a th e m o n k s fro m th e E a s t o r th o se o f P a v a ? B y y o u to o , y o u r re v e re n c e , h a s m u ch dham m a a n d d is cip lin e b een m a ste re d a t th e fe e t o f' a p re c e p to r. A s y o u , y o u r re v e re n c e , w ere co n sid e rin g dham m a a n d d isc ip lin e , w h a t o c cu rre d to y o u ? W h o are th e sp e a k e rs o f dham m a th e m o n k s fro m th e E a s t o r th o s e o f P a v a ? " " A s I , h o n o u re d sir, w a s co n sid e rin g dham m a a n d d isc ip lin e , th is o ccu rre d t o m e : th e m o n k s fro m th e E a s t are sp e a k e rs o f w h a t is n o t dham m a , th e m o n k s o f P a v a are sp e a k e rs o f dham m a . N e v e rth e le s s I a m n o t m a k in g k n o w n m y v ie w s u n til I a m a g re e d u p o n in re g a rd to th is le g a l q u e s tio n ." A s I to o , y o u r re v e re n c e , w a s co n sid e rin g dham m a a n d d iscip lin e, th is o c cu rre d to m e : [304] th e m o n k s fro m th e E a s t are sp e a k e rs o f w h a t is n o t dham m a , th e m o n k s o f P a v a are
1 * 3 4 T h i s p h r a s e o c c u r s a t M . iii. 2 9 4 . ca ra h i, a s a t V in . ii. 29 2. A s a t C V . X I . 1. 2. m u le.

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sp e a k e rs o f dham m a . N e v e r th e le s s I a m n o t m a k in g k n o w n m y v ie w s u n til I a m a g re e d u p o n in re g a rd to th is le g a l q u e s tio n / '

II 6 ||
T h e n th e O rd e r a sse m b le d , w illin g to in v e s tig a te th a t le g a l q u e stio n . B u t w h ile th e y w e re in v e s tig a tin g th a t le g a l q u e stio n b o th en d less d is p u ta tio n s a ro se a n d o f n o t o n e sp e e c h w a s th e m e a n in g c le a r. T h e n th e v e n e ra b le R e v a t a in fo rm e d th e O rd e r, s a y in g : H o n o u re d sirs, le t th e O rd e r lis te n to m e. W h ile w e w e re in v e s tig a tin g th is le g a l q u e stio n b o th en d less d is p u ta tio n s a ro se a n d o f n o t one sp ee ch w a s th e m e a n in g cle a r. I f it seem s rig h t to th e O rd e r, th e O rd e r m a y s e ttle th is le g a l q u e stio n b y m e a n s o f a re fe re n d u m / 1 H e se le cte d fo u r m o n k s fro m th e E a s t, fo u r m o n k s fro m P a v a o f th e E a s te r n m o n k s th e v e n e ra b le S a b b a k a m in a n d th e v e n e ra b le S a lh a a n d th e v e n e ra b le K h u jja s o b h it a 3 a n d th e v e n e ra b le V a s a b h a g a m ik a ; o f th e m o n k s fro m P a v a th e v e n e ra b le R e v a t a a n d th e v e n e ra b le S a m b h u ta , th e w e a re r o f co arse h e m p en c lo th , a n d th e v e n e ra b le Y a s a , th e son o f K a k a n d a k a , a n d th e v e n e ra b le S u m a n a .3 T h e n th e v e n e ra b le R e v a t a in fo rm e d tl\e O rd er, s a y in g : H o n o u re d sirs, le t th e O rd e r lis te n to m e. W h ile w e w ere in v e s tig a tin g th is le g a l q u e stio n b o th e n d less d is p u ta tio n s aro se a n d o f n o t o n e sp e e c h w a s th e m e a n in g c le a r. I f it seem s rig h t to th e O rd er, th e O rd e r m a y a g ree u p o n th e fo u r m o n k s fro m th e E a s t a n d th e fo u r m o n k s fro m P a v a to s e ttle th is leg a l q u e stio n b y m ea n s o f a re fe re n d u m . T h is is th e m o tio n . H o n o u re d sirs, le t th e O rd e r lis te n t Q m e. W h ile w e w ere in v e s tig a tin g th is le g a l q u e stio n . . . w a s th e m e a n in g clea r. T h e O rd e r is a g re e in g u p o n th e fo u r m o n k s fro m th e E a s t a n d th e fo u r m o n k s fro m P a v a to s e ttle th is le g a l q u e stio n b y m ean s o f a re fe re n d u m . I f th e a g re e m e n t u p o n th e fo u r m o n k s fro m th e E a s t a n d th e fo u r m o n k s fro m P a v a to s e ttle th is le g a l q u e stio n b y m e a n s o f a re fe re n d u m is p le a sin g to th e v e n e ra b le ones, t h e y sh o u ld b e sile n t ; h e to w h o m it is n o t p le a sin g sh o u ld sp e a k . T h e fo u r m o n k s fro m th e E a s t
1 C f . C V . I V . 14. 1 9 w h e r e t h e p r o c e e d in g t o b e u s e d in s u c h a n e m e r g e n c y a s a r o s e a n d is r e c o r d e d in s u b s e q u e n t s e n t e n c e a b o v e , is l a id d o w n . a P r o b a b l y n o t t o b e id e n t if ie d w i t h t h e th era o f t h e s a m e n a m e a t T h a g . 2 3 4 -6 , a s p e rh a p s s u g g e ste d a t M h v s. iv . 5 7. 8 N a m e s g i v e n a t V A . i. 3 4 3 5 ; b u t t h e r e c la s s if ie d b y r e a s o n o f t h e i r b e in g c e ll- s h a r e r s o f A n a n d a o r A n u r u d d h a . C f . M h v s . i v . 4 7 49.

C U L L A V A G G A XII 425 2 .7 -* ! a n d th e fo u r m o n k s fro m P a v a a re a g ree d u p o n b y th e O rd er to s e ttle th is le g a l q u e stio n b y m e a n s o f a re feren d u m . I t is p le a sin g to th e O rd er, th e re fo re it is sile n t. T h u s do I u n d e r sta n d th is . N o w a t t h a t tim e A j it a w a s th e n a m e o f a m o n k o f te n years* sta n d in g ; h e w a s a re c ite r o f th e P a tim o k k h a fo r th e O rder* T h e n th e O rd er fu rth e r a g re e d u p o n th e v e n e ra b le A j i t a a s a p p o in te r o f se a ts fo r th e m o n k s w h o w e re e ld e rs .1 T h e n it o c cu rre d to th e m o n k s w h o w e re eld ers : " N o w w h ere s h o u ld w e s e ttle th is le g a l q u e stio n ? *' [305] T h e n it o ccu rre d to th e m o n k s w h o w ere eld ers : T h is V a lik a m o n a s te r y 2 is p le a sin g , w ith little n o ise, w ith lit t le d istu rb a n c e . S u p p o se t h a t w e sh o u ld s e ttle th is le g a l q u e stio n in V a lik a m o n a s te ry ? " T h e n th e m o n k s w h o w e re e ld ers w e n t to V a lik a m o n a ste ry , w illin g to in v e s tig a te t h a t le g a l q u e stio n . || 7 || T h e n th e v e n e ra b le R e v a t a in fo rm ed th e O rd er, s a y in g : H o n o u re d sirs, le t th e O rd e r lis te n to m e. I f it seem s r ig h t to th e O rd er, I c a n a s k th e v e n e ra b le S a b b a k a m in a b o u t d is c ip lin e . T h e n th e v e n e ra b le S a b b a k a m in in fo rm ed th e O rd er, s a y in g : H o n o u re d sirs, le t th e O rd e r lis te n to m e. I f it seem s r ig h t to th e O rd er, I , q u e stio n e d a b o u t d iscip lin e b y th e v e n e ra b le R e v a t a , c a n a n s w e r/ ' T h e n th e v e n e ra b le R e v a t a sp o k e th u s to th e v e n e ra b le S a b b a k a m iri : " H o n o u red sir, is th e p ra c tic e c o n c e rn in g a h o rn fo r sa lt a llo w a b le ? " " W h a t, y o u r re v e re n c e , is th is p ra c tic e c o n cern in g a horn for s a lt ? " " H o n o u re d sir, is it a llo w a b le to c a r r y a b o u t sa lt in a h orn , th in k in g : I w ill e n jo y w h a te v e r m a y b e u n s a lte d ? Y o u r re v e re n c e , it is n o t a llo w a b le / ' " W h e re w a s it o b je c te d to ? " In S a v a tth I, in th e S u tta v ib h a r ig a / ' 3 " W h a t o ffen ce d o es o n e fa ll in to ? A n o ffen ce o f e x p ia tio n fo r e a tin g w h a t h a s b e en s to re d . H o n o u red sirs, le t th e O rd e r lis te n to m e. T h is first p o in t, in v e s tig a te d b y th e O rd er, th is is a p o in t th a t is a g a in s t dham m a ,
1 E l d e r s w e r e a llo w e d t o s it d o w n w h ile t h e P a t i m o k k h a w a s b e in g r e c it e d . J S e e a ls o M h v s . i v . 50 ; b u t D p v s , v . 2 9 s a y s t h e T e n P o in t s w e r e s e t t le d a t t h e G a b le d H a l l (V e s & li). * P a c . 38.

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a g a in s t d iscip lin e, n o t o f th e T e a c h e r 's in stru c tio n . T h is is th e first (vo tin g-) tic k e t t h a t I c a s t. H o n o u re d sir, is th e p r a c tic e c o n c e rn in g tw o fin g e r-b re a d th s a llo w a b le ? " W h a t, y o u r re v e re n c e , is th is p ra c tic e c o n c e rn in g tw o fin g e r-b re a d th s ? " H o n o u re d sir, is it a llo w a b le to e a t a m e a l a t th e w ro n g tim e if th e sh a d o w h a s p a ss e d b e y o n d tw o fingerb re a d th s ? " Y o u r re v e re n c e , it is n o t a llo w a b le ." W h e re w a s it o b je c te d to ? " A t R a ja g a h a , in th e S u tta v ib h a r ig a ."1 W h a t o ffe n ce d o es o n e fa ll in to ? A n o ffe n ce o f e x p ia tio n fo r e a tin g a t th e w ro n g tim e ." H o n o u re d sirs, le t th e O rd e r lis te n to m e. T h is se co n d p o in t. . . . T h is is th e se c o n d (v o tin g -) tic k e t th a t I c a st. H o n o u re d sir, is th e p r a c tic e c o n c e rn in g a m o n g th e v illa g e s a llo w a b le ? " W h a t, y o u r re v e re n c e , is th is p r a c tic e c o n c e rn in g ' a m o n g th e v illa g e s ' ? " H o n o u re d sir, is it a llo w a b le , th in k in g : I w ill go n o w a m o n g th e v illa g e s / h a v in g e a te n , b e in g sa tisfie d , to e a t a m ea l t h a t is n o t le ft o v e r ? " Y o u r re v e re n c e , it is n o t a llo w a b le ." W h e re w a s it o b je c te d to ? " A t S a v a tth i, in th e S u tta v ib h a r ig a / ' 2 W h a t o ffe n ce d o es o n e fa ll in to ? " A n o ffe n c e o f e x p ia tio n fo r e a tin g w h a t is n o t le ft o v e r . H o n o u re d sirs, le t th e O rd e r liste n to m e. T h is th ir d poin t. . . . T h is is th e th ir d (v o tin g -) t ic k e t th a t I c a s t. H o n o u re d sir, is th e p r a c tic e c o n c e rn in g resid en ces a llo w a b le ? " W h a t, y o u r re v e re n c e , is th is p r a c tic e c o n c e rn in g resi d en ces ? " w H o n o u re d sir, is it a llo w a b le fo r s e v e r a l re sid en ces b e lo n g in g to th e sa m e b o u n d a r y to c a r r y o u t v a rio u s O b se rv a n c e s ? Y o u r re v e re n c e , it is n o t a llo w a b le / ' W h e re w a s it o b je c te d t o ? "
1 P 5.c. 3 7 . * P a c . 35.

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" In R a ja g a h a , in w h a t is c o n n e cte d w ith th e O b s e rv a n c e / " W h a t o ffen ce d o es one fa ll in to ? *' " A n offen ce o f w ro n g -d o in g fo r g o in g b e y o n d d is c ip lin e / ' " H o n o u re d sirs, le t th e O rd e r liste n to m e. T h is fo u rtK p o in t. . . . T h is is th e fo u rth (vo tin g -) tic k e t th a t I c a st. H o n o u red sir, is th e p r a c tic e c o n c e rn in g assen t a llo w a b le ? W h a t, y o u r re v e re n c e , is th e p ra c tic e co n cern in g a ssen t ? " H o n o u red sir, is it a llo w a b le fo r an in c o m p le te O rd er to c a r r y o u t a (form al) a c t, th in k in g : W e w ill a d v is e m o n k s w h o a r r iv e ' ? " Y o u r re v e re n c e , it is n o t a llo w a b le/ * [306] " W h e re w a s it o b je c te d to ? " I n a m a tte r o f d iscip lin e on th in g s p e rta in in g to (the m o n k s of) C a m p a / ' 2 " W h a t o ffen ce does one fa ll in to ? " " A n offence o f w ro n g -d o in g fo r g o in g b e y o n d d is c ip lin e / ' H o n o u red sirs, le t th e O rd e r liste n to m e. T h is fifth p o in t. . . . T h is is th e fifth (v o tin g -) tic k e t t h a t I c a st. " H o n o u re d sir, is th e p ra c tic e c o n c e rn in g w h a t is c u s to m a ry a llo w a b le ? " W h a t, y o u r re v e re n c e , is th is p ra c tic e c o n c e rn in g w h a t is c u s to m a r y ? * " H o n o u re d sir, is it a llo w a b le , th in k in g : T h is is w h a t is h a b itu a lly d o n e b y m y p re c e p to r, th is is w h a t is h a b itu a lly d on e b y m y te a c h e r/ to c o n d u c t o n e se lf a c co rd in g to th a t ? " Y o u r re v e re n ce , th e p r a c tic e co n cern in g w h a t is c u s to m a r y is so m e tim e s a llo w a b le , so m e tim e s n o t a llo w a b le / " H o n o u re d sirs, le t th e O rd e r lis te n to m e. T h is s ix th p o in t. . . . T h is is th e s ix t h (vo tin g-) t ic k e t t h a t I c a st. H o n o u red sir, is th e p r a c tic e c o n c e rn in g u n ch u rn ed b u tte r m ilk a llo w a b le ? * " W h a t, y o u r re v e re n ce , is th e p ra c tic e co n cern in g u n ch u rn e d b u tte r m ilk ? " H o n o u re d sir, is it a llo w a b le / h a v in g e a ten , b e in g satisfied , to d rin k w h a te v e r is m ilk th a t is n o t le ft o v e r b u t w h ic h h as
1 M V . I I . 8. 3 . U p o sa th a sa m y u tta ; s a m y u tta h e r e b e in g u s e d , a s n o t e d a t V i n . T e x ts iii. 4 1 0 , n . 2 f o r k h a n d h a k a , s e c t io n . * M V . I X . 3. 5 . C a m p e y y a k e v in a y a v a ttk u s m im . V A . 12 9 9 h e r e e x p la in s t h a t t h is m a t t e r o f d is c ip lin e is h a n d e d d o w n in t h e C a m p e y y a k k h a n d h a k a .

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p a sse d th e s ta g e o f b e in g m ilk (a lth o u g h ) it h a s n o t a r r iv e d a t th e sta g e o f b e in g c u rd s ? " Y o u r re v e re n c e , it is n o t a llo w a b le ." W h e re w a s it o b je c te d to ? " A t S a v a t t h i, in th e S u tta v ib h a r ig a ."1 W h a t o ffe n ce d o es o n e fa ll in to ? " A n o ffen ce of e x p ia tio n fo r e a tin g w h a t w a s n o t le ft o v e r ." H o n o u re d sirs, le t th e O rd e r lis te n to m e. T h is s e v e n th p o in t. . . . T h is is th e s e v e n th (vo tin g -) tic k e t th a t I c a s t. H o n o u re d sir, is it a llo w a b le to d rin k u n fe rm e n te d t o d d y ? " W h a t , y o u r re v e re n c e , is th is u n fe rm e n te d to d d y ? " H o n o u re d sir, is it a llo w a b le to d rin k w h a te v e r is fe rm e n te d liq u o r, b u t w h ic h h a s n o t fe rm e n te d a n d h a s n o t a r r iv e d at th e s ta g e o f b e in g s tr o n g d r in k ? " Y o u r re v e re n c e , it is n o t a llo w a b le ." W h e re w a s it o b je c te d to ? " A t K osam bT , in th e S u tta v ib h a r ig a ." 2 W h a t o ffe n ce d o es one fa ll in to ? " A n o ffen ce o f e x p ia tio n fo r d rin k in g fe rm e n te d liq u o r an d s p ir its ." H o n o u re d sirs, le t th e O rd e r liste n to m e. T h is e ig h th p o in t. . . . T h is is th e e ig h th (vo tin g -) tic k e t th a t I c a st. H o n o u re d sir, is a p ie ce of c lo th to s it u p o n th a t h a s n o b o rd e r a llo w a b le ? " Y o u r re v e re n c e , it is n o t a llo w a b le ." W h e re w a s it o b je c te d to ? " A t S a v a tth i, in th e S u tta v ib h a r ig a ."3 W h a t o ffe n ce does one fa ll in to ? " A n o ffen ce o f e x p ia tio n in v o lv in g c u ttin g d o w n . H o n o u re d sirs, le t th e O rd e r lis te n to m e. T h is n in th p o in t. . . . T h is is th e n in th (v o tin g -) tic k e t t h a t I c a st. H o n o u re d sir, a re g o ld a n d s ilv e r a llo w a b le ? Y o u r re v e re n ce , t h e y a re n o t a llo w a b le ." W h e re w e re t h e y o b je c te d to ? " A t R a ja g a h a , in th e S u tta v ib h a r ig a . " 4 W h a t o ffen ce d o es one fa ll in to ? "
1 * 3 4 P a c . 35. P ac. 51. P a c . 89. N is s a g . X V I I I .

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" A n o ffen ce o f e x p ia tio n fo r a c c e p tin g g o ld a n d s ilv e r . H o n o u re d sirs, le t th e O rd e r liste n to m e. T h is te n th p o in t, in v e s tig a te d b y th e O rd er, th is is a m a tte r th a t is a g a in st dham m a , a g a in s t d iscip lin e, n o t o f th e T e a c h e r 's in stru ctio n . T h is is th e te n th (vo tin g-) tic k e t t h a t I c a st. H o n o u re d sirs, le t th e O rd e r lis te n to m e. T h e se te n p o in ts, in v e s tig a te d b y th e O rd e r, th e se are m a tte rs th a t a re a g a in s t dham m a , a g a in st d iscip lin e, n o t o f th e T e a c h e r 's in s tr u c tio n . T h is le g a l q u e stio n , y o u r re v e ren ce , is co n clu d e d , a n d b e in g s e ttle d is w e ll s e ttle d . N e v e rth e le s s y o u , y o u r reveren ce, m a y a lso q u e stio n m e in th e m id st o f th e O rd e r 1 on th e se ten p o in ts in o rd er to c o n v in c e th e se m o n k s . 2 S o th e v e n e ra b le R e v a t a a lso q u e stio n e d th e v e n e ra b le S a b b a k a m in in th e m id st o f th e O rd e r on th e se te n p o in ts, a n d th e v e n e ra b le S a b b a k a m in , b e in g q u e stio n ed , an sw ered . II 8 || N o w b e c a u s e 3 se v e n h u n d re d m o n k s n o t one le ss a n d n ot one m o re w ere a t th is c h a n tin g o f th e d iscip lin e, th is c h a n tin g o f th e d iscip lin e is c a lle d f th a t o f th e S e v e n H u n d re d . 4
I] 9 II 2 11

T o ld is th e T w e lfth S e c tio n : th a t on th e S e v e n H u n d re d . [307] In th is se c tio n a re tw e n ty - fiv e item s. T h is is its k e y :

T e n p o in ts, h a v in g fille d , fo rm a l a c t, en te red w ith a m essen ger, th e fo u r, a n d on g o ld (and silv er) a g a in ,5 a n d K o sa m b i, th e m onks of P a v a , f T h e w a y to S o r e y y a , S a m k a s a , K a n n a k u jja , U d u m b a ra , a n d S a h a m ja ti ,6 he c a lle d upon, he h e a rd ,6 H o w co u ld we? /
1 N o t o n l y , t h a t is, b e fo r e t h e s p e c ia l c o m m it t e e . * b h ik k h u n a r n s a n n a itiy a ; c f. C V . I V . 14. 2 .6 , V I T 4 . 1 ; a ls o V I I . 3 . 14 . * Q u o t e d a t V A . i. 34. 4 C f . C V . X I . 1, 1 6 , t h e F i v e H u n d r e d . T h i s s e c o n d r e c i t a l, t h a t o f t h e S e v e n H u n d r e d , is a ls o c a l l e d t h e R e c i t a l o f Y a s a t t h e r a a t A A . ii. 10 = HI A . iv . 1 1 4 . 6 O ld e n b e r g 's t e x t a n d S ia m , a n d S in h . e d n s . r e a d p u n a r u p a ii c a . O J d e n b e r g s u g g e s t s ( V i n . ii. 330 ) a n te p u r a n ca (se e X I I . 1. 4 ), b u t 1 t h i n k i t m a y b e a n a b b r e v i a t i o n f o r j& ta r u p a r a ja ta , t h e s u b j e c t o f X I I . 1. 4, 5. 6 O ld e n b e r g 's t e x t : S a h a m ja ti ca , m a jjh e s i , assosi ; C in g . e d n . : A g g a la m S a h a ja ia tjt ca a sso si ; S i a m . e d n . : a s O ld e n b e r g 's t e x t b u t r e a d in g S a h a jd tim . O ld e n b e r g s u g g e s t s (V in . ii. 330 ) a jjh e s i (in p la c e o f m a jjh e s i). T h e verb in X I I . 1. 1 0 is a jjh e s is s a ti.

430__________ B O O K

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B o w l (and) t h e y w e n t in a b o a t u p s tr e a m ,1 h e w a s in p r iv a t e ,2 t h e y u se d to b r in g th is te a c h e r (and) th e O rd er a n d V e s a li, lo v in g -k in d n e s s, th e O rd er, re fere n d u m . T o ld is th e L e s se r D iv is io n .3 [308]

1 O ld e n b e r g s t e x t : s a u j j i . S in h . e d n . u j j a v f . 2 O ld e n b e r g 's t e x t : d tira h o p i u d a tn a s sa / d a r u k a m , satngho ; S ia m . e d n s . : r a h o s i u p a n a m d y a m g a ru s a ifig h o . * H e r e e n d s O ld e n b e r g s v o l. ii.

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AND

SU BJECTS

A b o d e s , f iv e k in d s o f, 205 A b o r tio n , 372, 387 A cce p te r o f : b o w ls , 248 ; o u te r c l o a k s , 248 ; r o b e s , 248 A c k n o w le d g e o ffe n c e s , t o , 3 6 1 / . A c k n o w l e d g m e n t , 4 / . , 10 9 1 1 3 / ., 7fo r m a l) , 4 8 , 50 /^ ^ A c1 t3( ., 1 2 2 /^ ., 1 2 5 / ., 13 9 , 2 7 8 , 2 8 7 . 3 1 6 , 3 4 1 3 6 1 / ., 4 2 1 , 4 2 7 ; d is c ip li n a r il y v a l i d , 3 f f . , 1 9 ; l e g a l l y v a l i d , 3 f f . , 19 , 73> 7 6 * 90 f f . , 10 9 / . ; in p r e s e n c e o f, 3 , 5 , 113 /. See C en su re, A g r e e u p o n o n e s e lf , a n o t h e r , t o , 37 6 / A g r e e m e n t , 7 , 3 1 , 9 8 , 1 1 4 , 1 2 9 , 2 3 3, 3 8 1 , 3 8 6 , 3 9 5 , 4 2 4 ; a s t o s t r in g , 18 3 ; a s t o a w a l k in g s t a f f , 18 2 / . A llo t, to , 17 1 A l l o w (a n u ja n a tn i), 4 4 , 14 3 ff-> i 5 2 #-* 1 7 9 ff-* 1 9 2 f f . , 2 0 7 f f . , 2 2 4 , 2 2 7 , 2 2 9 , 2 3 1 , 2 3 3 /. 2 3 6 f f . , 2 42 2 4 5 f f ; 357* 3 5 9 ff - , 3 7 * f f '> 3 S o , 382 j/ . A l lo w a b le , 3 6 4 , 3 9 9 , 4 7 . 4 i i f . , 4 l 6 f f ; 4 2 5 jjr. ; n o t , 1 6 2 , 18 4 , 2 3 8 , 3 9 9 , 4 1 1 , 4 1 6 f f . , 4 2 5 ff f x A l m s , 302 / . ; b e g g a r s f o r , 2 7 6 / . ; d o n o r o f, 303 ; r e s o r t f o r (gocara ), 2 9 2 , 2 9 6 , 3 94 A l m s f o o d , 4 6 , 10 0 , 1 5 6 , 1 6 1 , 18 8 , 2 78 , 3 f f - 3 1 2 , 3 i 8 , 3 72 A l m s m a n 's p r a c t i c e , 4 6 A n i m a l s , 2 2 7 , 3 70 A n n o u n c e , to , 46, 49, 5 1 / . A rm y , 256 A s k ( f o r p e r m is s io n ) , t o , 2 9 6 / ., 3 1 7 A s s e m b l y , 3 3 0 / ., 3 3 6 , 3 4 1 / ., 3 9 5 / . ; c o m p le t e , in c o m p l e t e , 4 j^ ., 3 4 1 * 395 n A s s e n t ( g iv e n ) t o h o u s e h o ld e r s , 2 7 A s s ig n , t o , 9 8 / . , 1 7 1 . ? 3 3 #-> 2 47 A t t a i n m e n t ( s a m d p a tti ), 12 4 A u t h o r i t y , t o s e t u p , 8 / . , 32, 3 4 , 4 5, A w a k e n e d O n e (s ), 1 f . , 16 , 2 4 , 149* 2 1 7 f . , 22 0 , 2 2 2 , 2 6 4 f f . , 4 2 0 ; d is p r a is e o f, 6 / . , 1 9 , 2 7 , 1 7 3 , 1 7 5 ; s p e e c h o f, 1 9 4 A w a k e n i n g , lin k s in , 3 3 5 A w a y , s e p a ra te d fro m , 17 0 B a c k s l i d i n g , 89 B a g , 16 0 f f . , 2 1 4 , 304 / . B a l u s t r a d e , 16 0 , 1 6 4 / . , 16 8 f . , 19 6 , 2 13 . 2 16 B a m b o o , 1 6 1 , 16 8 1 9 7 , 208, 2 1 4 / . , 2 3 9 . * 6 3 (s im ile ), 2 9 4 , 3 0 7, 3 1 1 , 3 1 9

B a n d a g e , 18 S B a n i s h m e n t , ( fo r m a l) a c t o f, 1 7 f f . , 9 6 , 10 9 , 3 1 6 ; t o r e v o k e , 2 1 / . B a r b e r 's e q u ip m e n t , 18 5 B a r t e r , to , 245 B a t h e , t o , 1 4 \ f f . t 1 6 9 , 3 0 9 , 3i3> 3 * 9 , 388 /. B a t h i n g : - c lo t h , 3 7 6 ; -fo r d , 14 2 n . r

388/.

B a t h r o o m , 16 4 f f . , 1 7 0 , 2 2 3 , 308 / ., B e a r s h id e , 2 4 5 B eard s, 18 5 / . B e g in n in g , t o s e n d b a c k t o t h e , 1 1 , 4 8 , 5 f f ; 6o* j 80, 8 2 , 8 6 / ., 9 0 ff-> 227, 3 16 B e n c h , s o lid ( m id h i ), 1 5 4 , 208 B i n d in g , 15 8 B lo o d , t o le t , 14 9 B lo w , to g iv e a , 371 B o a t , 4 0 z , 4 1 9 B o d y , 1 4 1 f f 16 6 , 3 63 / . , 3 6 9 , 3 9 6 ; a n d m in d , 1 2 1 ; a n d s p e e c h , 1 9 / ., 12 0 , 3 46 ; m in d - m a d e , 260 B o ld d e s ig n , 2 13 B o o n , 357 B o u n d a r y , 2 3 4 , 2 4 3 , 286 B o w l, 14 9 f f . t 1 5 3 f f . , 1 6 1 , 1 7 1 , 1 8 1 , 2 9 4 , 2 9 9 / ., 304 f f ; 3 i 2 / ., 3 1 8 / ., 3 7 2 , 3 7 6 , 4 1 9 ; a c c e p t e r o f, 248 ; b a g f o r , 1 5 5 ; b a s e s o f, 1 5 2 , 3 72 / . ; b e c o m in g b r o k e n , 1 5 4 / . ; c ir c u la r r e s t s , 1 5 2 / . ; ir o n , c l a y , 1 5 2 ; m a d e f r o m a s k u ll, 1 5 6 ; p r o p fo r , 1 5 4 ; s e t u p r i g h t ( s y m b o lic a l) , 1 7 5 ; s m a ll, 1 6 0 ; -sta n d , 15 4, 1 7 1 ; t u r n e d u p s id e d o w n , 1 5 4 , 1 7 3 / . ( s y m b o lic a l) v a r io u s k i n d s o f, 15 2 ; w ic k e r sta n d fo r , 155 ; w o o d e n , 1 5 2 , 19 8 B o y , 385/. B r a h m a - f a r e r s , 3 4 6, 402 B r a h m a - f a r in g , 12 8 , 2 5 8 , 3 4 2 , 344 w., 346* 355, 4 5 B r a h m a n , 309 B r a id i n g , 15 8 B ro o m , 179 /. B u ild in g s , o v e r s e e r o f, 22 C a n k e r s (a sa v a ), 2 8 4 , 3 9 6 C a r r ia g e - r o a d , 3 6 0 / ., 3 7 1 C a r r y i n g - p o le , 1 9 1 / . C a s te s , 334 C e ll, 1 6 7 , 1 9 7 . 2 I 5 . 2 2 3 , 2 3 4 , 2 9 5 , 3 0 7, 309, 3 1 1 , 3 1 5 ; th o s e w h o sh a re a, 3 11
3 1 3 / -. 3 1 9 . 3 8 S

381 f '

431

432

INDEX
D e c is io n o f .t h e m a j o r i t y , 1 1 1 , 1 2 5 , 13 1 D e f e a t , o ffe n c e i n v o l v i n g , 10 9 / ., 13 6 , 3 3 9 / ., 3 4 1 / - 3 7 9 . 3 9 6 # . D e m e r i t , 37 D e m o n , 1 5 6 ; -w o r s h ip p e r s , 1 5 6 , 18 6 D e p e n d e n c e , t o l i v e in , 1 1 / , D e t e r m i n e , t o , 16 3 D e v a - s ig h t , 2 5 7 D e v a ta , 420 D h a m m a , 3 5 f f . , 96 / ., 1 1 2 , 1 1 7 f f . , 1 2 1 , 1 2 3 , 1 3 0 / . , 1 3 3 , 1 4 9 , 19 4 / ., 206, 220, 223, 2 27, 236, 264, 270, 2 8 0 , 2 8 6 f f . , 30 8 , 3 1 5 , 3 z o . 333 f f : 345. 3 5 2 # . , 3 5 6 / . , 3 5 9 . 394/-. 397 4 0 1 , 4 09 f f . , 4 1 8 / . , 4 2 3 ; D e v a d a t t a 's , 2 8 0 ; d i s p r a is e o f, 6 / . , iq , 2 7 , 1 7 3 , 1 7 5 ; e a t i n g , 30 n . ; e x p e r t in , 1 2 , 7 2 , 1 3 1 , 4 1 5 / . , 4 1 9 ; in b r ie f, 220, 270 ; sp e a k e rs o f, 4 19 ff . ; t a l k o n , 2 3 , 1 6 4 , 1 7 8 f f . , 2 2 1 , 2 S i f.\ ta lk e r s o n , 9 9 , 2 2 5 , 420 ; te a c h in g o n , 2 2 0 , 2 6 2 ; t o c h a n t , 3 95 ; t o s in g , 1 4 5 / . ; - v is io n , 22 0 , 2 7 0 , 2 8 1 ; n o n -, 9 6 / . , h i , 1 1 7 , 1 1 9 , 1 2 1 , 1 2 3 , * 33. 2 2 7 , 2 8 6 f f . , 3 94 A 4 9 / - , 4 j 8, 421 D i a l e c t , 19 4 D i s a v o w t h e T r a i n i n g , t o , 3 4 1 , 343, 386 D is c ip l in e , 9 6 / ., 1 1 3 / - . 1 1 7. I 2 9. i 94 2 2 3 , 2 2 7 , 2 3 6 , 2 7 9 , 2 8 6 , 2 8 9 , 3 3 3 ff-* 345* 347> 3 5 2 # . . 359. 3 6 2 / ., 394# . 4 0 1 , 4 0 5, 4 0 9 # , 4 1 8 , 4 2 3 , 4 2 5 , 4 2 7 ; a im i n g a t , 3 4 9 ; c h a n t i n g o f, 4 0 5, 4 2 9 ; e x p e r t in , 1 2 , 7 2 , 9 9 , 1 3 1 , 225, 4 15 4 1 9 ; o f t h e n o b le , 1 7 5 , 2 6 9 ; p r e s e n c e o f, 1 2 6 , 1 2 9 f f . , 13 4 /, * 3 8 f f . ; t a l k o n , 2 3 6 ; n o t - , 1 1 7 . 394 / -. 49 ff~, 4 1 8 D is p o s e o f, t o , 2 3 9 D i s p o s e r o f t r ifle s , 2 4 8 D is p u te , t o , i i i , 1 1 6 / ., 1 1 9 , 12 3 , 3 71 D i s p u t e s , l e g a l q u e s t io n a r is in g f r o m , 1 1 7 f f . , 1 2 1 , 1 2 3 ; s o u r c e o f, 1 1 8 / . D i s s a t i s f a c t i o n , 1 4 9 . 3 * 5. 32 D is s e n s io n (in a n O r d e r ) , 2 8 5 / . , 3 4 5 D i s t r i b u t o r o f : c o n j e y , 2 4 7 ; f r u it , 247 ; r o b e - m a t e r ia l , 2 4 7 ; s o lid f o o d , 248 D i v a n , 19 8 , 2 28 / ., 238 D i v i d e d u p , n o t t o b e , 241 D o g , fie r c e ( s im ile ) , 2 63 D o o r , 1 5 5 , 1 6 5 , 1 6 7 , 1 7 0 , 1 9 7 , 2 0 6 / ., 2 1 5 / . . 2 9 1 , 2 9 3 , 2 9 6 / ., 3 0 4 , 306, 3 1 4 / . ; - p o s t a n d l i n t e l, 1 6 5 , 1 6 7 , 207, 2 1 5 / . D o u b t f u l , 72 / . , 75 f f . , 8 5 , 88 , 1 7 9 , 18 1, 19 3 . 289 . D r a p e r y , 208, 245 D r i n k , t o , 1 6 2 / ., 1 7 1

C e n s u r e , ( f o r m a l) a c t o f, 2 f f ., 9 6 , i 9 3 1 6 , 36 2 n . ; l e g a l q u e s t io n a r is in g fr o m . 1 1 7 . 1 1 9 f f - , 133 f f - ; t o revo k e, 8 ff. C e s s p o o l, 1 9 6 / . C h a ir , 2 1 1 , 2 1 4 , 2 2 9 , 2 3 7 , 2 3 9 , 2 4 5 , 2 9 3 / 2 9 7 . 3 0 6, 3 1 4 , 3 7 4 ; c o v e r e d , 2 1 1 ; v a r io u s k in d s , 208 / . ; w i t h s u p p o r t s . 1 9 7 , 2 10 C h a r m (p a r itta ), 14 8 C h ic k , 24 C h u n a m , 1 4 2 n . r 3 0 9 , 3 1 3 , 3 1 9 , 38 8 C la u s e ( s u tta ), 9 0 , 13 0 n . C la y , 16 6 , 2 12 , 2 3 9 , 309, 3 1 3 , 3 19 , 388 ; g o o d s , 1 9 8 , 2 3 9 , 2 9 6 / . , 304 C lo t h . 1 6 9 , 1 7 1 , 1 7 7 f f . , 2 4 5 , 3 7 4 ; - c a r p e t in g , 1 7 8 ; c le a n (s im ile ), 22 0 , 2 6 9 - 7 0 ; c o t t o n - , 18 8 , 2 1 0 / . ; p ie c e o f, 1 5 4 , 1 6 2 , 2 1 2 . 2 4 5 292, 2 9 5 / I s t r ip o f , 1 4 3 ; t o s i t u p o n , 17 0 . 2 9 3 / . , 3 0 6 , 3 1 4 . 4 0 7 , 4 1 8 / . ; to tre a d o n , 178 /. ; w o v en , 2 1 1 , 2 4 5 , 4<>3 / . See R a in s . C o m f o r t , l i v i n g in , 2 7 5 C o m m u n io n , 3 3 1 , 3 3 4 I s a m e , d i f f e r e n t . 4 7 , 50 / . , 5 3 , 2 2 7 , 2 8 6 C o m p a s s io n , 1 7 8 , 2 7 5 , 2 7 9 , 3 4 9 , 3 7 8 / .. 3 8 1 , 3 8 4 , 401 _ C o n d u c t o n e s e lf p r o p e r l y , t o , 7 / ., . 10 , 1 2 / . , 20 ff~,_ 27* 2 9 , 3 3 , 4 5 . 1 1 4 . 175, 3 1 1 , 3 1 6 / ., 321 C o n f e s s o f fe n c e s , t o , 4 , 2 9 , 88 f f . t 1 1 2 , 1 1 6 , 1 3 8 f f .. 1 7 5 , 2 8 2 , 3 6 0 , 4 0 0 / . C o n f e s s e d , o ffe n c e t o b e , 1 1 0 , 3 3 9 / . , C o n je y , d is tr ib u to r o f, 2 4 7 C o n s e n t (c h a n d a ), 1 2 6 , 1 3 1 ,- 1 3 5 f f . , i 39 /> C o n t i n u o u s f o o d s u p p ly , i o / . C o p p e r : g o o d s , 1 9 8 , 2 3 9 ; j a r , 16 8 , 239 C o r d ( r a j j u ), 1 5 9 , 1 6 1 , 1 6 5 , 1 6 7 f f . , 19 7 , 20 7, 2 14 f f 294, 307, 3 1 1 , 3 19 ; f o r d r a w i n g w a t e r , 16 8 C o tto n , 2 10 , 229 ; q u ilt, 2 10 , 229, 238 C o u c h , 2 1 0 / ., 2 14 , 229, 2 3 7 , 2 3 9, 245, 2 9 3 f- 297 3 o 6 3 i4 3 7 4 J c o v e r e d , 2 1 1 ; v a r io u s k in d s , 208 f . C o u g h , t o , 2 25, 228 C o u r t e s a n , 3 70 C o v e r in g u p (a s ) w i t h g r a s s , 1 1 5 / . , i 37> 139 7 C r e m a t i o n , 2 4 1 / ., 3 9 9 C r it ic is e , t o , 1 2 6 , 1 3 1 , 1 3 5 f f . C r o s s - le g g e d , 3 8 7 C u r ta in , 2 13 C u s h io n s , c h a s e d , 1 7 1 D a n c in g , 3 6 9 ; s in g in g , m u s ic , 1 4 5 D a n g e r , 4 6 / . , 5 / - . 53. 10 3 , 1 7 2 , 3 4 2 , 3 4 4 n ., 3 8 3 / .

399

INDEX
D u s t , i 6q , 1 9 7 ; s o ile d b y , 15 8 , 1 6 7 , *0 8 , 2 1 5 , 2 4 4. 2 9 4 , 306 D w e llin g - p la c e ( s ) , 17 0 , 204 ff.t 2 1 3 ff., 222 f f . , 2 3 2 f f , 2 3 9 , 2 4 2 , 2 4 4 , 2 7 2 , 2 9 1 , 2 9 3 / . , 2 9 7 , 305 ^ \ , 3 1 4 , 320 la s t/ ' 45 D y e , 3 1 6 , 320 E ars, 18 7 / . E a t , t o . 1 7 1 , 2 74 / ., 300 / ., 4 2 6 E a tin g , b y a tr ia d o f m o n k s, 275 H a t in g w it h a n O r d e r , 1 7 5 / . ; n o , 3" / - . 33. 37 / . 173 ffE l< le r(s) (th era ), 22 f f . , 10 0 , 1 3 1 / ., 298 308 / . 3 1 3 , 3 1 9 , 3 3 7 , 398 # . . 4 * 5> 4^5 E l e p h a n t , 19 3 , 2 2 6 , 2 7 2 -282 " E l e p h a n t - t u s k " (p e g ), 1 5 5 , 1 6 1 , 2 14 E ls e w h e r e , 244 E m b le m , 32, 34 E m p t in e s s ( s u n iia ta ) , 4 2 2 / . E m p t y p la c e s , 2 2 1 , 2 5 7 E n c r o a c h o n , t o , 2 9 8 / ., 309, 3 1 3 , 3 1 9 E s s e n c e (s a r a ), 19 4 E un uch , 2 4 3 /. E x h o r t a t io n , 3 5 4 , 3O4 f f . ; t o s u s p e n d , 364 f . , E x h o r te r o f n u n s, 366 E x p e l , to , 10 3 , 17 2 E x p i a t i o n , o ffe n c e o f, 10 9 / . , 12 6 , * 3 / - *35 f f - 339 / ., 34i 399, 4 2 5 / ., 428 E y e s , 14 5 , 2 0 7, 2 9 9 , 3 6 9 / . Eaoc> 144 16 6 , 3 6 9 F a c i n g 1 65 ; (h iila ), 16 8 /., 19 6 F a c tio n , - 7 5 , 4 15 , 4 1 8 / . f a m i l i e s , 45 ; a g r e e d u p o n a s l e a r n e rs , 2 9 3 , 2 9 6 ; c o m p a s s io n f o r , 2 7 5 ; t o b r i n e in t o d is r e p u t e , 18 F a n , 18 0 f e e t , 1 5 9 , 16 4 ; t o w e l fo r, 2 4 5 ; u n w a sh e d , 245 ; w a sh e d , 246, 291 / . F e lt , p ie c e o f, 1 5 7 , 1 7 / - . i 8 5. 37 F e n c e s , 16 6 , 16 9 , 19 6 / ., 2 1 5 F e r m e n t e d liq u o r , 4 0 9 / ., 4 1 8 , 428 F e s t i v a l , 1 4 5 , 2 1 0 , 382 F in d f a u l t , to , 7 , 9 , 32 / ., 45 F in g e r s , 1 5 9 , 18 5 F ir e , 16 6 , 1 9 3 , 3 0 4 / ., 3 0 8 / . ; h a ll fo r, 2 1 5 / . , 2 2 3 , 2 9 5 , 3 0 7 ; - p la c e , 16 6 , 2 J5 F is h a n d fle s h , 2 7 6 / . F iv e - f in g e r m a r k , 17 0 , 2 1 1 ft. M a g sto n e s, 16 7 , 2 15 F lo u n c e s , 368 F lo w e r s , 1 70 F o e tu s. 372

433

F o o d s , 3 7 3 ; d i s t r i b u t o r o f s o lid , 248 ; s h o r t o f, 2 4 6 ; s o lid , 1 5 1 , 2 4 a ; s o lid a n d s o ft , 24, 1 7 7 / ., 2 0 5 , 2 2 1 , 2 2 9 / . ; s t o r e o f, 3 7 4 ; s w e e t, 246 F o o t - r u b h e r s , 180 F o o t - s t o o l, f o o t - s t a n d , 3 2 , 3 4 , 4 5, 2 9 5, 3 3 . 3 1 2 /-, 3 10 / F o r d , 14 2 n . t 388 / . F o r e s t : d w e lle r s , 2 7 6 / ., 3 0 4 , 3 6 7 ; d w e ll in g in a , 2 5 7 , 303, 3 6 7 , 3 8 4 /* ; -fire , 19 3 ; p r a c t ic e , 45 F o r g i v e , t o , 2 5 / . , 28 F o r g iv e n e s s , 20 / ., 3 6 1 , 4 1 3 F o r m a l M e e t in g o f t h e O r d e r , o ffe n c e s e n t a ilin g , 6 8 f f . , S z f f . , 1 0 9 / ., 3 3 9 / ., F re e d o m , 335 F r ie n d s , l o v e l y , 12 F r u i t : a l lo w a b le , 1 4 7 ; d is t r i b u t o r o f, 2 4 7 F u r t h e r - m e n , c o n d i t io n o f, 1 5 1 / . G a in s , h o n o u r s , f a m e , 2 6 0 / ., 2 6 3, 2 7 4 , 2 8 3 /G a n d h a h b a - h a n d ( in s t r u m e n t ) , 14 2 G a r lic , 19 5 / . G h e e , 10 0 , 2 4 8 , 300 G ift ( s ) , 16 , 4 5 , 14 9 , 2 2 2 / . , 2 6 0 , 2 6 3 , G iv e th a n k s , to , 2 9 7 /. G o a l, 3 4 4 , 3 4 7 , 405 G o in g fo rth , 2 5 3 # .; o f w o m en , 352 f f .t 401 G o ld a n d s ilv e r , 4 0 7 f f , , 428 / . G o ld c o in s , 2 2 2 / ., 408 G r a s s , 2 0 7 , 2 3 9 ; m a t , 1 5 4 , 1 5 8 , 208 ; p o w d e r e d , 16 0 , 1 6 5 , 1 6 7 f f . , 1 9 7 ,

399

373

215/.

G r a v e o ffe n c e , 10 9 / ., 1 4 9 , 2 3 9 , 2 4 1 , 282, 339- 4 G r a v e l, 1 6 7 G re e te d , (n o t) to b e , 2 2 7 G r o u n d , 4 7 / . , 50 , 5 2 / . , 1 6 6 , 208, 21 z, 2 1 5 . 2 44> 293* 3 6, 3 1 4 . 319 ; a b o v e th e , 15 0 - c o v e r in g , 306, 3 1 4 , 404 ; h ig h , lo w t o t h e , 16 0 , 16 4 f f ., H)8, 2 13 , 2 15 G r o u p ( gaxia), 2 2 / . , 5 2 , 2 3 9 . 241 G u id a n c e , 4 2 1 ; ( f o r m a l) a c t o f, 1 1 f f . , 9 6 , 10 9 , 3 1 6 , 36 2 . ; t o g i v e , 7 f f . 3* 3 3 , 45* 1 1 4 t o r e v o k e ( f o r m a l) a c t o f, 1 3 G u il d , 1 4 7 , 18 4 , 298 H a b i t s : b a d , 14 f f . , 19 , 16 2 , 198 ; fa llin g a w a y fro m g o o d , 6 / ., 32, 34, 1 1 7 , 12 0 , 1 2 2 , 338 ff. H a i r , 1 4 4 , 1 7 4 , 18 5 f f . , 3 8 7 H a r m i n g , 19 H a r m o n y in a n O r d e r , 2 8 7 / . H e a d s m u ffle d u p , 2 9 1 / . H e a t , c o n d it io n o f , 9 9 / .

434

INDEX
L id , 16 9 , 19 6 / . L i e , c o n s c io u s , 1 1 2 / . L o d g i n g s , 10 0 , 2 3 1 f f . , 2 3 8 # . , 244 / ., 291 2 9 5 f f . , 304 / . , 3 7 4 ; t o a s s ig n , 9 8 / . , 2 3 3 f f , 2 4 7 ; t o d i s t r i b u t e , 240 L i g h t s h in e f o r t h , 2 2 7 L o i n - c l o t h , 1 5 1 , 1 9 1 , 3 74 L o v in g -k in d n e s s , 14 8 , 2 73 , 346, 348, 422 L u c k , 1 7 9 , 19 5 L u n a r M a n s io n s , 304 / .

H e a v e n , 2 0 6 , 2 1 9 , 2 6 9 , 2 7 5 n ., 2 7 8 , 288 H e d g e s, 2 16 H e l l, 2 7 8 , 28 3 f f . , 288 / . H e r m a p h r o d it e , 2 4 3 / ., 3 7 5 H in d r a n c e s , 220 H ip -s tr in g , 374 /. H o le fo r p u llin g co rd th r o u g h , 16 5, 16 7 , 207 H o u s e , 2 9 9 / ., 3 0 2 , 3 0 5 ; c u r v e d , lo n g , 2 0 5 , 2 4 2 ,2 7 3 ; -d o o r , 3 0 1 ; lo n g , 2 3 7 H o u s e h o ld e r s , 2 6 / ., 10 0 / ., 1 5 1 / ., 1 9 5 , 2 2 4 , 2 2 9 , 3 9 9 ; li k e h o u s e h o ld e r s , 1 4 2 , 14 4 f f . , 1 5 2 / ., 16 0 , 1 7 o f , 18 5 f f . , 1 8 9 # , 1 9 4 , 2 0 9 / . , -13 ; l i k e w o m e n h o u s e h o ld e r s , 3 6 8 f f . , 3 7 4 , 38 8 ; t o l i v e in c o m p a n y w i t h , 6 / ., 1 1 , 1 1 4 ; u n d e r , u p p e r g a r m e n t s o f, 19 0 / .

M a d , 80 / ., 85, 8 7 , 90 , 10 5 f f . , 1 3 5 , 243/ M a n lo o k in g f o r w a r d ( s im ile ) , 3 5 6 M a n a t t a , 1 1 , 4 8 , 50 f f , 5 6 f f . , 6 i f f . , 6 6 / . , 7 6 , 81 f f . , 8 7 f f , 2 2 7 , 3 1 6 , 355, 386 M angoes, 14 6 / . I l l (g i la n a ), 4 6 , 5 1 , 1 6 4 , 1 7 1 , 18 1 f f . , M a sa ka , 15 1 , 407 /. 196, 2 3 1, 3 1 7 320, 3 6 7, 382, 387 M a t t r e s s e s , 1 1 0 f . t 2 3 9 , 2 9 3 / ., 3 0 6 , 3 1 4 M e a l( s ) , 2 3 , 1 0 0 , 1 7 6 / . , 2 0 5, 2 1 5 , 2 2 0 / ., 111 ( d u k k h a ), 28 5 I m p e r m a n e n t , 3 93 2 2 9 / ., 2 9 8 . 4 1 7 ; g r o u p - . 274 n .t Im p e r tu r b a b le , 349 2 7 5 n . ; s u c c e s s io n o f, 1 6 3 ; t o I n d i v i d u a l s ) , 22 96 239, 241 ; is s u e , 98 f . , 2 4 7 ; v a r io u s k in d s , p r e s e n c e o f, 1 2 6 , 1 2 9 f f . , 13 4 246 M e d ic in e , b a g f o r , 1 6 1 1 3 8 # . ; w h a t b e l o n g s t o a n , 3 7 3 , 385 I n d i v i d u a l i t y ( a tta b h a v a ), 2 6 1 M e d it a t io n ( jh a n a ) , 2 2 5 I n f o r m a t i o n , 4 1 3 ; a c t o f, 2 6 4 f f . M e r i t , 2 0 6 , 2 7 8 , 288 In n e r ro o m , 2 13 M e s s a g e , fit t o g o a , 2 82 f M e s s e n g e r , 4 6 , 5 1 , 2 82 n 374 , 383, I n t e r r o g a t i o n , 3 , 5, 1 1 3 / I n t e r r u p t i o n s ( r a tlic c h e d a ), 4 8 52 4 13 ; c o m p a n io n , 28 385 f . I n t o n i n g , 14 6 (n u n ) , 4 0 8 , 4 1 3 I n v i t a t i o n , 4 5 / ., 5 1 , 2 3 5 , 2 8 7 ; t o M e t a p h y s i c s , 19 4 s u s p e n d , 8 f . , 32, 34, 4 5 , 381 M ild e w , 3 5 6 I n v i t e , t o (p a v a r e ti), 380 f . M in d f u ln e s s : a r o u s i n g s o f, 3 3 5 l a s t o b o d y , 3 9 6 ; c o n f u s e d , 362 j . ; J a r s ( v a r a k a ), 16 8 ; (g h a t a h a ), 1 7 9 f . un 400 M in is t e r s , c h ie f , 1 8 1 , 2 2 2 , 2 3 0 267 J e e r a n d s c o ff a t , t o , 2 5 f f . J e st, 13 7 M o d e r a t io n , 1 4 7 M o n a s t e r y 2 2 2 , 2 3 9 , 2 4 1 , 2 9 1 / ., J u n g l e : c r e e p e r , 2 0 7 ; r o p e s , 16 8 , 299 ; a tte n d a n ts , 248, 297 1 9 1 , 239 M o n k s : d i s p u t in g , 1 1 6 ; e ig h t q u a l it ie s , 9 , 2 1 , 3 4 , 2 82 ; f i v e q u a l i t i e s , K a h a p a n a , 407 f . K a th in a -iT a .m e , 1 5 8 # . 8 / . , 2 1 , 2 6 / . , 3 3 , 3 9 , i n , 1 3 1 . 233 ; g r o u p o f s e v e n te e n , 232 ; g ro u p K e y h o le , 16 5 o f s ix , 9 6 , 10 9 , 1 4 1 f f . , 1 5 2 / . , 1 5 7 , K n i f e , s m a ll, 1 5 7 , 16 0 / . 1 7 0 / . , 1 8 1 , 1 8 5 f f . , 1 9 8 , 2 0 9 / ., 2 1 3 , K n o w le d g e , p ro fo u n d , 334 2 2 4 , 2 2 8 , 2 3 1 f f . , 2 4 6 , 2 9 8 / . , 3 0 5, L a ity , 1 1 5 / . 30 8 , 3 1 0 , 3 3 7 , 3 6 3 , 37 * in c o m in g , 4 6 , 5 1 , 1 2 7 / . , 2 3 8 , 2 9 1 f f . ; L a y f o llo w e r , 1 5 / . , 1 6 1 , 1 6 9 , 220, n e w l y o r d a in e d , 2 9 6 , 298 3 0 1, 2 4 4 , 2 70 , 2 8 6 , 3 8 5 ; e ig h t q u a li t ie s o f, 1 7 3 , 1 7 5 39 f , 3 1 3 , 3i 9 ; p u re, 337 ; L e a v e , t o a s k fo r, 8 / ., 32, 34, 45, r e g u la r , 7 , 9 , 32 f f - 44 f f - 5 f f 2 8 6 ; r e s id e n t , 1 2 7 / . , 2 3 8 , 2 9 1 / ., 381 /2 9 5 /* 5 t e n q u a li t ie s , 1 2 8 ; t h r e e L e g a l q u e s t io n ( s ) , 1 f f . , 6 / ., 9 6 /, q u a l it i e s , 6 , 1 2 , 1 9 , 1 1 4 ; t o o r d a in i i i , 1 1 4 / ., 12 8 f f ., 2 3 5 , 4 13 f f ., n u n s , 3 5 7 ; u n s c r u p u lo u s , 1 4 , 1 6 ; 4 18 / ., 4 2 1 , 423 f f . r 4 2 9 ; fo u r, w e ll b e h a v e d , 16 , 2 75 , 337 ; w h o 1 1 7 f f .', t o s e t t le a , 1 2 5 f f . , 3 6 2 , 3 64 a r e g o in g a w a y , 2 9 6 / ., w h o s h a r e L e g a l l y v a l i d , 1 1 0 , 3 3 7 iff. ; p r o p e r t ie s , 1 0 7 # . S e e A c t ( f o r m a l) . 1 c e lls , 1 7

INDEX
*' M o n k e y 's h e a d / ' 1 6 5 , 2 0 7 M o o n a n d s u n , s t a in s o f, 4 09 M o r a l h a b it ( s ) , 2 2 6 , 2 62 ; f a l l in g a w a y fr o m , 6, 3 2 , 3 4 , 1 1 7 , 12 0 f f . , 1 7 3 / ; t a l k o n , 2 1 9 , 2 6 9 ; u n fo u n d e d c h a r g e o f fa llin g a w a y fro m , 10 4 , 13 4 , 3 3 7 / . M o s q u it o - n e t , 16 3 M o t io n a n d r e s o lu t io n , 1 1 8 , 1 2 2 , 12 5 , 17 3 n. M o u t h , 300 M u le , sh e - ( s im ile ), 2 63 N a ils , 1 8 4 / ., 3 8 7 N a k e d , 16 7 , 301 N a k e d a s c e t ic s , 1 8 1 , 2 3 0 , 3 9 3 N e e d le , 1 5 7 , 1 6 0 / . , 2 4 8 ; -c a s e s , 4 1 9 N ib b a n a , 206, 2 19 , 230, 2 72 / ., 335, 393> 3 9 8 / ., 4 0 2 , 4 0 7 N i g h t s : e x p i r a t i o n o f, 7 6 f f . N o t p re se n t (a t fo rm a l a c ts), 96 N o v ic e ( s ) , 7 f f . , 3 2 / ., 4 5 . 8 0 / ., 8 5 , 87, 1 1 4 , 1 9 2 , 2 4 3 , 2 8 6 , 2 9 6 / ., 3 7 1 , 3 8 3 ; s u p e r in te n d e n t fo r, 2 49 N u n (s), 1 1 6 1 8 6 n ., 2 3 8 n ., 286, 3 5 4 / - 3 5 7 # - = g r o u p o f s ix , 1 4 5 w., 3 6 4 , 3 6 9 / . , 372 > 374. 3 8 2 , 3 8 7 ; t o e x h o r t, 7 f f ., 31 f f ., 45, 11 4 . 365 / . ; n o t a , 386 O b la t i o n , 2 1 7 O b l ig a t io n s , le g a l q u e s t io n a r is in g fr o m , 1 1 8 , 1 2 1 f f . , 14 0 O b s e r v a n c e (u fio sa th a ),4 * > f., *5 1,2 7 8 /., 287, 336, 364, 4 1 7 , 4 2 6 / . ; -d a y , 33 , 3 3 6 , 342 / - . 354 47 ; t o su sp en d , 7, 9, 32, 34. 4 5, 381 /. O b s e r v a n c e ( v a tta ), 4 9 ; f o r in c o m in g m o n k s , 2 9 2 , 2 9 5 ; f o r m o n k s in a b a th ro o m , 308 / . ; fo r fo re s t d w e lle r s , 304 f . ; f o r g o in g a w a y , 29^ / : f o r lo d g in g s , 3 0 5 , 308 ; f o r p r e c e p t o r s , 3 1 7 f f . ; f o r p r iv ie s , 3 1 0 / . ; f o r r e s id e n t m o n k s , 2 9 5 / . ; f o r t h o s e w h o s h a r e c e lls , 3 1 1 f f . \ f o r w a l k in g f o r a lm s f o o d , 302 / . ; in a r e f e c t o r y , 2 9 9 , 301 O cea n , 332 f f . O fT e n ce (s), 1 0 5 ^ . , 1 1 7 , 1 3 6 , 13 8 , 2 8 7 , 3 12 , 3 16 , 320, 3 3 6 / ., 362, 3 8 6 ; c o n c e a le d , 5 8 f f . , 64 f f . , 82 f f . ; e x p i r a t io n o f, 7 6 f f . ; f iv e , s e v e n c la s s e s o f, 1 1 8 , 1 2 4 ; f u l l o f, 6, 1 1 , 114; i n t e r v e n i n g , 90 f f . ; l e g a l q u e s t io n a r is in g f r o m , 1 1 7 / . , 12 0 f f . , 1 3 7 f f . ; m i x e d , 8 8 / . ; n o o ffe n c e , 4 , 2 8 7 , 3 3 7 , 382 ; n o t c o n c e a le d , 5 6 / f ., 82 f f . ; n o t s e e in g a n , 30 / . ; r e m o v a l o f, 3 4 9 ; s a m e , s im ila r , w o r s e , 7 f f . , 3 2 / . , 4 5 > s e e in g , 3 8 1 ; s lig h t e r , 89 ; t o a c c u s e o f a n , 3, 8 / ., 1 1 ; t o m a k e a m e n d s f o r a n , 381

435

O il, 1 0 0 / ., 2 4 8 , 300 O i n t m e n t b o x , 188 O p e n u p a le g a l q u e s t i o n , t o , 1 2 6 , I 29 # . , 1 3 5 f f - . 4 2 1 O r d a in , t o , 7 f f . , 3 1 , 3 3 , 4 5 , 7 9 f f . , 8 3 / ., 1 1 4 , 2 8 1, 3 5 7 O r d e r (o f m o n k s ) , i f f . , 6 f f 2 2 / ., 5 1 , 9 7 , 1 2 1 , 1 4 9 , 2 2 0 , 2 3 9 , 2 4 4 , 260, 264, 278, 334, 3 7 1 , 373, 3 8 0 ; d is p r a is e o f, 6 / . , 1 9 , 2 7 , 1 7 3 , 1 7 5 ; o f t h e f o u r q u a r t e r s , 20 6, 230 ; p r e s e n c e o f, 1 2 6 , 1 3 1 , 13 4 / . , 1 3 7 , 13 9 ; t o l e a v e , 20 / ., 38 / . , 79 f f . , 8 3 / ., 86 f f . , 243 O r d e r ( o f n u n s ) , 3 5 4 t i .t 3 6 3 # , 371 . 380 J . ; t o l e a v e , 3 8 6 O r d in a t i o n , 7 9 , 3 54 / . , 3 5 7 ; o f n u n s , 3 7 5 ff-y 383 / -, 3 8 6 / . ; r e -, 282 O r n a m e n t s ( v a r io u s ) , 1 4 3 / . O u t e r c lo a k , 1 6 3 , 18 8 , 2 8 1 , 2 9 9 f . t 33> 3 4 308, 3 1 4 . 320, 3 7 2 , 3 7 6 ; a c c e p t e r o f, 248 O u t li n e o f t h e h a n d , 2 1 1 P a c i n g u p a n d d o w n , 4 8 , 50 f f . , 16 4 , 2 1 9 , 2 7 1 , 308 ; p l a c e fo r , 48, 50 / ., 1 6 4 , 2 1 9 , 2 2 3 , 308 P a l m y r a - w h i s k , 18 0 , 19 1 P a r tr id g e , 226 / . P a t im o k k h a ( s ) , 12 8 , 3 3 0 / ., 3 3 6 f f . , 3 4 7> 3 5 9 / ; r e c it e r o f, 3 6 6 , 4 2 5 ; s u s p e n s io n o f, 3 3 6 f f . P e a c o c k s , 14 5 n ., 180 P e n a l t y (d a n d a k a m m a ), 3 6 3 / . ; h ig h e r {brakm ada^tda), 40^2, 405 P e r fe c te d o n e, 14 9 / ., 226, 335, 396, 4 5, 4 i 4 P e r f e c t io n , 97 /* 335. 354* 4 5 > 42 2 / . P e r m is s io n , t o a s k f o r , 2 2 / . P i l i n g {caya), 16 0 , 16 8 / ., 1 9 6 , 223 P i p e : f o r s t e a m , 16 6 ; f o r w a t e r , 16 9 P la in - s o n g s o u n d , 1 4 5 / . , 4 1 6 P l a n t a i n ( s im ile ), 2 6 3 P l a s t e r flo o r in g , 1 5 4 , 404 P o o l, 16 9 P o r c h , 10 1 / ., 1 6 6 / ., 1 7 7 , 1 9 7 , 2 1 5 / . , 2 2 2 / ., 2 9 5 , 3 0 7 , 3 0 9 , 3 1 1 , 3 1 5 P o s t , 14 2 , 1 6 1 , 1 6 5 , 2 0 7 P re c e p to r, 12 5 , 225, 228, 3 11 ff ., 4 17, 423, 4 2 7 ; w o m a n , 3 76 P r o b a tio n , 1 1 , 44 f f ., 58 f f ., 63 f f ., 7 9 ff' 8 6 f f . y 2 2 7 , 3 1 6 ; c o n c u r r e n t , 65 f f . , 82, 8 6 / ., 90 f f . \ n o t e f f e c t iv e , 8 0 / . ; p u r ify in g , 77 P r o b a t io n e r , 2 8 6 , 3 5 4 n ., 3 5 5 , 3 7 1 , 383 P r o g r e s s iv e t a lk , 2 19 , 2 6 9 / . P r o h ib it io n ( dvaraxta), 364 P r o p e r c o n d u c t , 7 / . , 20, 3 1 , 4 5 , 1 1 4 , 3 12 , 3 1 7 , 321 P r o p o s e r , w o m a n , 3 7 5 , 377/ -. 384

43 ^

INDEX
R u le (d h a m m a ), g o , 2 7 9 , 286, 289 348; (s u tta ), 1 3 0 ; b y {not by) r u le , 9 0 # . 9 7 . i o 5 . x i 2 f f . ; im p o r t a n t , 3 1 6 , 3 2 0 , 3 5 4 / . , 3 5 7 , 386 ; p r e s e n c e o f, 1 2 6 , 1 2 9 f f . , 13 4 / ., * 38 # R u le , a c c o r d i n g t o t h e , 8 9 , 1 7 5 , 18 3 , 1 9 8 , 2 3 3 , 2 6 9 . 2 7 5 , 3 6 5 , 380, 382, 4 19 /. R u l e s o f t r a i n i n g , 3 3 4 , 3 58 / ., 3 99 f . , 4 1 2 ; le s s e r a n d m in o r , 398 f f . R u m i n a t o r , 18 3 S a l t , 333 S a n d a l s , 1 5 9 , 1G 1 / . , 2 4 5 , 2 4 8 , 2 9 1 / ., 295 /- 3< > 4 / -. 3 1 2 S a n d a l w o o d , 14 9 S a u c e r, 19 7, 2 15 Screen , 2 1 4 / . S c e n ts , 170 S c h i s m , 1 1 4 / . , 2 7 6 f f . , 2 8 5 / . , 2 8 8 / ., 345 S c h is m a t i c s , 2 8 1 / . , 2 8 7 , 2 89 S c r u b b e r (k a ta k a ), 1 7 9 , 19 8 ; ( m a ll a k a ), 14 3 S e a m s , 248 S e a t, 47, 236 f . a p p o i n t e r o f, 4 2 5 ; b e s t , 2 2 5 / . ; h ig h , lo w , 4 7 , 2 3 6 / . ; l a s t / ' 4 5 ; lo n g , 2 3 7 S e c t s , o t h e r , 3 2 , 3 4 , 1 5 6 , 2 1 2 , 3 58 , 3 8 7 S e e n , h e a r d , s u s p e c t e d , 3 4 1 f f . , 354 , S e n i o r i t y , 44 / - . 2 2 7 / . , 3 1 0 , 3 58 , 3 7 9 / . S e n s e - p le a s u r e s , 3 6 / . , 2 1 9 , 2 5 4 , 4 1 2 S e sa m u m c a k e , 24 S e tt in g u p r ig h t a b o w l, 17 5 / . S e w , to , 15 7 ff. S e x u a l in t e r c o u r s e , 10 3 , 1 7 3 , 18 4 , 409 S h e d s , 2 2 3 , 2 28 S h e e t , 2 4 6 , 2 9 3 , 30 6, 3 1 4 , S h o e s , 1 9 6 / . , 3 1 1 ; w o o d e n , 19 8 S h o p , 3 7 0 , 403 S la v e w o m an , 10 1 / . S le e p , t o , 1 7 0 , 2 0 8 / ., 2 8 1 S le e p i n g - p la c e , 2 1 2 , 2 2 5 , 2 3 1 , 23 4, 2 4 3 ; b e s t , 2 3 1 ; " l a s t , " 45 S m e a r i n g in s id e a n d o u t , 1 6 1 , 1 6 6 / . , 207 S n a k e , 14 8 , 2 0 6 , 2 0 9 , 2 1 4 , 2 9 1 ; fo u r r o y a l f a m i li e s , 1 4 8 ; g i r d l e o f, 2 6 0 S n ee ze , to , 19 5 S o f a , 19 8 , 2 2 8 / . , 2 3 8 S p e c if i c d e p r a v i t y , 1 1 2 f f . , 1 3 4 f f . S p i t t o o n , 2 4 5 , 2 9 3 / . , 3 0 6 / ., 3 1 4 / . S p l i t a n O r d e r , t o , 2 7 8 / ., 2 8 6 f f . S p r e a d in g s , 1 6 6 , 16 9 S q u a t t in g - m a t s , 2 1 0 , 2 3 8 / ., 2 9 3 / ., 3 6, 314 S q u ir r e l s a n d b a t s , 2 0 7 f . S t a in s , 4 0 9 / . S t a ir c a s e , 16 0 , 1 6 9 , 1 7 7 S t o r e r o o m , 2 4 8 , 3 8 5 ; k e e p e r o f, 2 4 7

P r o t e s t , t o , 1 2 6 , 14 0 P s y c h i c p o w e r , 9 9 , 1 4 9 f f . t 2 5 7 , 260, 2 6 7. 2 7 1 , 2 74 , 2 76 ; b a se s o f, 3 3 5 ; w o n d e r ' o f, 281 P u p i l( s ) , 3 2 1 , 4 1 6 P u r e , n o t p u r e : in c o n d u c t o f b o d y a n d s p e e c h , 3 4 6 ; in r e g a r d t o o ffe n c e s , 9 0 f f . , 330 / . , 3 3 6 Q u a r r e l { m e d h a k a ), 1 1 7 , 1 2 1 , 12 3 Q u a r r e l, to , 8 / ., 20, 32, 34, 4 5 , 12 6 R a g -ro b e s , 1 5 6 ; -w ea re r, 2 7 6 / . R a i l i n g ( v e d ik a ), 16 4 R a in s , 23 2. 2 3 5 , 24 3, 354 , 394 / . ; c l o t h s f o r , 4 5 , 400 ; - r e s id e n c e , 2 2 1 , 2 35 R a z o r , 18 5 R e c lin e u p o n , 228 R e c l i n i n g b o a r d , 2 4 6 , 2 9 3 / . , 3 0 6 / ., 3M / R e c lu s e s a n d b ra h m a n s , 4 0 9 / . R e c o n c i le , t o , 1 7 4 R e c o n c i l i a t i o n , ( f o r m a l) a c t o f , 2 5 f f . , 9 6 , 10 9 , 1 7 3 n ., 3 1 6 , 4 0 8 ; t o r e v o k e , 29 /. R e f e c t o r y , 10 0, 1 4 7 , 1 8 4 , 2 28 f f . , 2 9 7 f f . , 3 3. 379/ R e f e r e n d u m , 12 8 / ., 1 3 1 , 4 2 4 . R e f u g e ( t h r e e f o ld ) , 22 0 , 2 7 0 R e h a b i l i t a t i o n , 1 1 , 4 8 , 50 f f . , 5 7 f f . , <>3 / . 6 7 / ., 8 1 / ., 87, 91 f f - 2 2 7, 3 16 R e m e m b e r , t o m a k e , 8 / . , 1 1 , 2 6 , 30, 3 2 , 34* 37. 45. 1 1 2 , 3 8 1 / . R e m o rs e , 3 1 5 , 320, 3 4 5, 3 4 8 / . R e p a ir s , 16 3 , 223 / ., 2 3 2, 2 4 1 f . , 395 R e p r o v e ( f o r a n o ffe n c e ) , t o , 8 / . , 1 1 , 2 5 . 3 0 . 3 2 . 3 4 . 3 7 . 45 1 0 5 f f - 1 0 9 /-. i i 2 . 135/ -. 345 ff-* 3 8 1 / R e q u is ite s , 223 f., 2 6 2 , 3 7 1 , 4 0 7, 4 13 , R e s e r v e , t o , 2 2 8 ,2 3 1 / . , 2 3 4 f f . t 2 4 2 / ., 380 R e s id e n c e , 2 4 , 2 7 n ., 3 1 f f . , 3 8 , 4 6 f f . , 50 f f . , 1 2 6 / . , 1 3 1 f . ; n o t a , 3 2 , 3 4 , 4& f f - 5 f R e s o u r c e s ( n is s a y a ), 3 9 7 , 384 R e s t o r e , t o (o s a r e ti), 80 / . R e v i l e a n d a b u s e , 20 / . , 2 4 , 1 7 3 , 1 7 5 , 355. 4 % f f - 4 x 2 R i c e , 4 5 , 10 0 , 1 8 4 , 300 R o b e s , 1 6 7 , 2 1 4 , 2 9 1 / . , 2 9 4 , 304 f . , 3 1 2 / . , 3 1 6 , 3 1 8 / ., 3 7 o f . , 3 7 6 , 4 0 3 / ., 4 19 / . ; a c c e p te r o f, 2 4 7 ; h o u s e h o ld , 3 7 4 ; in n e r , r8 8 , 2 9 9 , 3 0 2 , 3 1 2 , 3 7 6 , 403 f . ; u p p e r , 1 9 0 , 2 5 6 , 2 9 9 , 302, 3 7 6 R o b e - m a te r ia l, 15 7 ff ., 3 1 6 ; d is t r ib u to r o f, 2 4 7 R o o f , r o o fin g , 3 2 , 3 4 , 4 7 / . , 50 f f . , 1 6 6 , 2 1 4 , 2 1 6 , 386 R o o f, to , 297

381

419 /

INDEX
S tr a in e r , 16 2 / ., 4 19 S tra p , 15 5, 1 6 0 # . S t r e a i n - a t t a i n e r , e tc., 3 3 5 , 3 5 0 n. S tr e a m -a tta in m e n t, 12 4 , 226, 2 57 ; a n d o n c e - r e t u r n in g , e tc., 3 5 4 S trife , 1 f f ., 6, 19 , 1 1 1 , 11 4 , 1 1 7 , 1 2 1 , *2 3 . 2 3 5 , 3 4 5 S t r in g , 18 1 f f . S t u m b l in g - b l o c k s , 35 f f . , 3 7 5 / . , 3 78 S u n s h a d e , 1 5 5 , 18 0 291 f . ^ u s p e n d , t o , 3 3 4 ; E x h o r t a t i o n , 3 6 4 / .; In v ita tio n , O b servan ce, 7 ff, 3 2 , 3 4 , 4 5 , 381 / . ; P a t i m o k k h a ,
336

437

V e r d i c t : in t h e p r e s e n c e o f, 9 7 , 1 2 5 / . , 1 29 ff-* 1 3 4 / -, 13 7 ff- ; of in n o c e n c e , 10 4 13 4 f f ., 17 3 . ; o f p a s t i n s a n it y , 10 6 f f . t 13 4 f f . V e s t, 376 V i e w s : f a l l i n g a w a y f r o m ( r ig h t ) , 6 / ,, 3 2 , 1 1 7 , 12 0 , 1 2 2 , 338 f f . ; o p e n s t a t e m e n t o f, 1 1 6 V o te s. See T ic k e ts . W a i s t b a n d , 16 8 , 1 8 8 / ., 2 4 8 , 2 9 9 , 3 0 2 , 3 18 , 368, 4 19 / . W a lk in g s ta ff, 18 1 ff . W a n d erers, r8 i W a l l , 14 2 , 1 6 1 , 1 6 5 , 18 5 , 2 0 7, 2 i 2 , 2 14 * 2 2 3 / . , 246, 2 9 3 , 3 0 6 , 3 1 4 ; h a lf - , 2 1 3 W a s t e - t u b , 1 5 6 , 300 W a t c h ( o f t h e n ig h t ) , 89 W a t e r , 14 2 , 1 6 2 , 1 6 5 # . , 2 1 5 , 2 9 9 / . ; d r a in fo r , 1 6 6 / . , 16 9 , 1 9 7 , 2 1 5 / . ; d r in k in g - , 2 1 5 ,2 9 1 / . , 2 9 5 / ., 30 3 f f . , 307, 3 13 , 3 1 5 , 3 18 , 3 2 0 ; fo r t h e f e e t , 3 2 , 3 4 , 4 5 , 2 9 5 , 303 ; fo r r in s in g , 1 9 7 , 2 9 5 , 3 0 7 , 3 1 5 , 320 ; f o r w a s h in g , 2 9 5 , 303 f f . , 3 0 7 , 3 1 2 , 3 1 5 ; in a b o w l, 15 3 ; n o t a l lo w a b le , 1 6 2 ; - p o t, 1 5 6 ; r e c e iv e r o f, 300 ; r e g u la t io n - p o ts , 1 6 2 , 2 4 8 , 4 1 9 / . ; s a u c e r fo r , 1 6 6 ; t o d r a w , 16 8 W a y , e ig h t f o ld , 3 3 5 W e a p o n , 198 W e l l ( u d a p a n a ), 1 6 8 , 2 2 3 W h i t e a n t s , 1 5 4 , i 6 1 , 2 0 7 / ., 2 1 4 , 2 9 7 n. W h i t e w a s h , e tc., 1 6 1 , 2 1 2 , 2 4 1 , 2 4 5 n . W i n d , 1 5 4 / - . 19 0 , 2 9 4 , 3 0 7 , 3 1 5 W in d o w s , 2 0 7 / . , 2 9 3 , 2 9 4 f f . , 30 4 , 3 0 6 ff., 3 1 5 , 3 69 W o m a n , w o m e n , 1 5 1 , 1 5 6 1 7 8 , 18 4 , 2 2 7 , 3 0 1 , 3 5 2 f f . , 400 ; p r e g n a n t , W o o d e n : g o o d s , 19 8 , 2 3 9 , 2 9 6 / ., 304 ; j a r , 16 8 W o o lle n : b la n k e t, 245 ; c lo t h e s , 14 6 W o r l d l y k n o w le d g e , 19 5 W r o n g c o u r s e , 20 / . W r o n g - d o in g , o ffe n c e o f , 2 7 n ., 44, 88 f f . , 9 6 , 10 9 / . , 1 4 1 f f - * 5 2 f f . , 16 3 , 1 6 7 , 1 7 0 / . , 1 7 8 , 1 8 0 # . , 1 8 4 # . , 2 0 9 / ., 2 1 3 , 2 2 8 , 2 2 9 n ., 2 3 1 / . , 2 3 4 , 2 3 6 , 2 4 2 # . , 308, 3 1 0 , 3 3 6 / . , 3 3 9 , 3 4 1 n ., 3 5 8 , 3 6 0 / ., 3 6 3 # . , 3 6 8 f f . , 38 0 f f . , 3 8 5, 3 8 7 f f . t 400 427 W ro n g grasp , 37 W r o n g s p e e c h , o ffe n c e o f , 1 1 0 , 340 W r o n g t i m e , 18 2 , 3 4 4 , 3 4 7 , 380* 400, 4 1 7 , 426 W r o n g v i e w , 35 f f - 3 * 5, 3 2o

S u s p e n s io n , ( fo r m a l) a c t o f , 9 6 , 10 9, 17 3 3 16 , 4 13 ; fo r n o t g iv in g u p a w r o n g v ie w , 3 7 f f . , 80 f . ; f o r n o t m a k in g a m e n d s fo r a n o ffe n c e , 3 5 , 80 / . ; f o r n o t s e e in g a n o ffe n c e , 3 f f - 8 0 / i t o r e v o k e , 33 f f . , 3 9 S u t t a n t a s , 9 9 , 225 S w o r d f is h t e e t h , 1 5 3 , 1 6 1 , 1 6 7 , 1 9 7 , 2 13 T a il o r , 2 23 f . T a n k , 16 9 T e a c h e r (d c a r iy a ), 1 2 5 . 2 2 5 , 228, 3 2 1 , 4 1 7 , 4 2 7 ; (s a ttk a ) fiv e , 2G1 / . , 2 7 2 T e a c h e r, dham m a, th e O rd e r, th e , 118 /. T e n p o in t s , 4 0 7 f f . , 4 1 4 , 4 1 8 , 4 2 1 , 4 2 3, 429 T h ie f , 18 2 , 304 ; p o t - , 3 5 6 T h im b le , 1 5 9 / . T h o u g h t - r e a d in g , ' w o n d e r * o f, 2 8 1 T h r e a d , 1 5 5 , 1 5 9 # - . 19 0 , 2 1 0 , 3 7 4 ; fa ls e , 1 5 9 T h r e e f o ld k n o w le d g e , 2 5 7 T h r o w o u t, 232 f . T i c k e t s ( v o t in g - ) , 1 3 3 , 2 7 9 , 2 8 6 , 289, 4 2 6 f f . ; d i s t r i b u t o r o f, 1 1 1 , 1 3 1 , 13 3 t e n d is t r ib u t io n s o f, 1 1 1 ; th r e e m e th o d s fo r, 13 3 T o o t h - w o o d , 19 2 T r a d i t i o n ( d g a m a ), 3 4 7 , 4 1 5 f . t 4 1 9 T r a n s g r e s s io n , 1 7 4 269 T re e , 1 4 1 , 19 3 , 2 2 5, 228 ; ro o t o f a , 2 7 6 f . ; w h a t e x u d e s fro m , 2 1 2 / . T r u t h , 2 5 5 , 3 49 T r u t h - f in d e r , 1 1 7 , 2 2 7 , 2 7 2 / . , 28 5 f f . , 336, 352 f f 358, 4 i> 4 0 2 . ; 's b lo o d , 2 7 1 T u r n a w a y , to , 230 f f . T u r n in g a b o w l u p s id e d o w n ( s y m b o li c a l) , 1 7 3 / . U n d e r ta k in g 344/ on o n e s ow n b e h a lf ,

ff.

385

V e h ic le , 382 V eran d ah s, 2 14 , 237

I N D E X II.
A c i r a v a t i , 332 A d d h a k a s I , 383 A g g a la p u r a , 4 1 5 / * A h o g a n g a , 4 14 A j a t a s a t t u , 2 5 9 / , , 2 6 3 , 2 6 6 f f . , 398 A jit a , 425 A j i t a K e s a k a m b a l i n , 15 0 A l a v l , 2 4 1 , 2 4 6 ; m o n k s o f, 2 4 1 / . A nanda, xi \~ x.ff., 1 5 1 . * 7 4 , 17 8 , 19 0 , 2 5 6 / ., 2 6 0 n ., 2 7 1 f ., 2 7 5 n ., 2 7 8 , 330/ - . 353 J5 ^. 394# * . 4 o # * , 413 w., 4 2 0 / ., 4 2 4 ti. A n a th a p in d ik a , ix , 2 1 6 f f 2 2 9 / . A n u p i y a , 2 5 3 , 2 59 A n u ra d h a p u ra , 95 n. A n u r u d d h a , 2 2 , 2 5 3 f f , , 424 n . A r i t t h a , v i, 35 # A s a lh a , 235 A s s a j i a n d P u n a b b a s u , f o llo w e r s o f,
1 4 # . . 2 0 / ., 24O

NAMES
I s i g ili , 99 J a ta k a , x , 2 5 7 n. J e t a , P r in c e , 222 / . J e t a G r o v e , 2 2 2 , 230 J l v a k a K o m a r a b h a c c a , 16 4 J i v a k a 's M a n g o G r o v e , t o o K a c c a n a t h e G r e a t, 22 K a k u d h a t h e K o liy a n , 260 / . K a n n a k u jja , 4 15 K a p ila v a tth u , 352 K a p p i n a , t h e G r e a t , 22 K a s i , 1 5 / . . 23 K a s s a p a , t h e G r e a t , 2 7 5 n ., 3 9 3 f f , K a s s a p a o f U u r v e l a , 19 8 K a ta m o r a k a tis s a k a , 2 7 5 / . K h u jja s o b h it a , 424 K im b ila , 2 56 , 2 57 n. K it a g ir i, 1 4 # , 20, 239 ff. K o k a lik a , 275 f . , 2 8 0 / . K o k a n a d a ( p a ia c e ) , 1 7 6 f f . K o s a l a n c o u n t r y , 1 6 2 , 19 3 K o s a m b I , 30, 3 3 , 3 5 , 2 5 9 , 2 6 2 , 4 0 2 , 4 1 3 , 428 K o t t h i t a , 22 K u s i n a r a , 393 L d b h a s a k k d r a -s a m y u tta , 2 60 n . L a w , B . C ., 2 4 n ., 1 7 6 n ., 2 6 0 n. M a c c h ik a s a n d a , 22 f ,, 2 5 , 2 8 / . M a d d a k u c c h i, 100 M a li a n a m a , 2 53 M a h i, 3 3 2 , 38 2 M a k k h a l i G o s a l a , 15 0 M a lla s , t h e , 2 53 M a llia n w o m a n , a , 3 7 1 M a n ic u l a k a , 4 1 1 M a ra , 401 M e t t i y a a n d B h u m m a j a k a : fo llo w e r s o f, 10 0 f f . , 1 7 1 / . M e t t i y a , 10 2 f , M i g a r a 's m o t h e r , 330 M o g g a lla n a , 1 7 / ., 2 0 , 2 2 , 15 0 , 19 6 , 2 3 9 / -. 260 f f ., 264, 2 79 f f ., 3 3 0 / . M o r r is , R . , 19 0 n .t 2 1 4 263 n. M o u n t V u ltu r e P e a k , 99, 271 M u c a l in d a , 2 6 0 . N a l a g ir i , 2 72 f f . N a t a p u t t a t h e J a i n , 15 0 N i k a y a s , 398 O ld e n b e r g , H . , x v i i , 3 9 n . t 2 70 n .

A v a n ti, 4 13 /. B a m b o o G r o v e , 9 7 , 10 0 B h a d d iy a , 2 55 ff. B h a g g a s , th e , 17 6 , 17 9 B h a g u , 256, 2 5 7 n. B h o ja n a v a g g a , 18 4 w. B h u ta g H m a s ik k h d p a d a , 1 4 6 n . B i m b i s a r a , 1 4 6 , 2 1 6 / ., 2 2 1 , 2 6 7 / . B o d h i , P r in c e , 1 7 6 f f . B t a h m a ja la , 398 C a m p a , 427 C a m p ey y a k a k k h a n d h a k a , 4 2 7 n. C h a n n a , 30 f f . , 3 5 , 1 1 6 / . , 4 0 2 , 405 C i t t a ( h o u s e h o ld e r ) , 22 f f . C itta -s a m y u tta , 2 2 n . C ool G ro ve, 2 18 / . C o o m a r a s w a m y , A . K . , 16 0 n .t 16 4 n . t 16 8 n ., 2 0 5 n . t 2 0 7 n ., 2 1 9 n ., 2 3 7 n. C o r a l T r e e , 393 C u n d a t h e G r e a t , 22 D a b b a t h e M a llia n , v ii, 9 7 f f . , 1 7 2 f f . , 247 n . D e c c a n , 24 D e v a d a t t a , x , 2 5 6 / ., 2 5 9 # , 2 6 3
2 7 1/ ., 2 7 4 ^ .

D h a n i y a , 19 8 39 6 D u t t , S ., v i i i , 6 5 n ., 2 0 6 G agga, 1 0 5 # G a n g e s , 33 2, 382 G a y a H e a d , 279 f . G o m a t a G le n , 99 1 8 1 ., G o ta m a , 49 n 2 7 6 / . , 280 , 2 8 1 n ., 393

28 5 w.

268,

271,

P a ja p a t l t h e G re a t, 352 j j f , 401 P a k u d h a K a c c a y a n a , 15 0

438

INDEX
P a n d u k a a n d L o h i t a k a : f o llo w e r s 6i , i f f . . 8 f f . P a s e n a d i : g r a n d m o t h e r o f, 238 P a v a , 393, 4*3 /-, 4*9 f - 4 2 3 / P i n d o l a t h e B h a r a d v a j a , 15 0 / . P u r a n a , 401 / . P u r a n a K a s s a p a , 1 4 9 - 1 5 . 2 1 9 ** R a j a g a h a , 9 7 . 10 0 . I 4 I > * 45 , I 5 . 1 6 1 , 204, 2 1 0 , 2 2 2 / . , 2 4 6 , 2 6 0 , 2 6 2 , 264 f f . , 2 7 2 / . , 2 7 7 / ., 3 94 4 0 1, 4 10 , 4 12 , 426 f f . ; C o u n c il o f, 3 5 3 n - ^ g r e a t m e r c h a n t o f, 1 4 9 f f . t 204 f f ., 2 1 6 / . , 220 / . ; u r b a n c o u n c il o f, 2 2 1 R a ja g a h a -s e tth i-v a tth u , 14 9 R a h u , 40 9 R e v a t a , 23, 4 13 4 1 5 / ., 4 1 9 424 /*., 429 R h y s D a v i d s , M r s ., 14 8 n. R o b b e r s C liif , 99 S a b b a k a m i n , 4 2 1 f f . , 429 S a h a ja ti, 4 16 , 4 19 Sakyan s, 256/. S a l h a , 4 1 3 n ., 4 1 9 , 424 S a m a n n a p h a la , 398 S a m b h u t a , 4 1 3 / ., 4 1 6 , 4 2 1 , 4 2 3 / . S a m k a s sa , 4 15 S a m u d d a d a tta , 276 S a n j a y a B e l a t t h i p u t t a , 150 S a n jik a s son, 1 7 6 / . S a r i p u t t a , 1 7 / . , 20 22 / ., 19 6 , 2 2 5, 2 2 8 , 2 3 9 / . , 2 6 4 # . , 2 7 9 f f 298 S a ta p a tta J a ta k a , 1 n . S a v a t t h I , 1 , 1 5 f f . , 2 5 , 2 8, 3 6 , 4 4 , 49, 5 Z> 5 6 , 9 6 , 1 3 1 / . . 14 8 n - 179, 193, 221 / ., 2 2 4 , 2 2 9 , 2 3 5 , 2 3 8 / ., 2 9 1 , 3 3 0 . 3 6 3 , 3 7 3 , 3 8 3 , 4 9 , 4 25 / - . 4^ 8 S e y y a s a k a , 10 f f . S i t a s W o o d , 99 S iv a k a , yakkha, 2 1 8 / . S o r e y y a , 4 15 S u b h a d d a , 39 4 S u d a tta (A n a th a p in d ik a ), 2 19 S u d h a m m a , 22 f f . S u d in n a t h e K a l a n d a k a , 3 9 6 S u m a n a , 424 S u t t a v ib h a n g a , 425 ff. T a m b a p a n n id l p a , 95 T a p o d a G le n , P a r k , 9 9 T h o m a s , E . J ., 260 n . T i n d u k a G le n , 9 9 T it t ir a ja ta k a , 2 2 6 n .

439

U d a y in , 56 ff. U d e n a , 403 f . U d u m b a ra , 4 15 U p a l i ( b a r b e r ) , 2 5 6 /. U p a l i ( th e ra ), 2 3 , 4 8, 5 2 , 2 3 6 / ., 2 8 $ f f . t 344 f f - 3 6 4 , 396 / U p a n a n d a , 2 7 n .t 230 2 3 5 / ., 4 12 U p o s a th a s a m y u tta , 4 2 7 n. U p p a l a v a n n a s p u p il, 362 U t t a r a , 420 / . U v a la , 11 2 f f . V a d d h a , 17 1 ff. V a g g u m u d a , 397 V a j j i s o f V e s a ll,
418

V a l i k a m o n a s t e r y , x i x , 425 V a s a b h a g a m ik a , 424 V e b h a r a , 99 V e s a l l, 1 6 1 , 16 3 / ., 1 7 6 , 2 2 3 / . , 2 7 9 , 352 , 3 6 3 . 396 / . , 4 0 7 4 12 , 4 18 , 4 2 1, 425 n. ; l a y f o llo w e r s o f, 47 f f - 4 12 / . ' V is a k h a , 1 7 9 , 2 3 7 , 3 7 6 / . W i l d M a n g o G r o v e , 25 W o o d w a r d , F . L . , 2 59 n ., 284 n. Y a m e l u a n d T e k u l a , 19 3 Y a s a ( m o n k ) , 28 n . Y a s a , s o n o f K a k a n d a k a , v , x i, x ix , 4 0 7 / . , 4 1 2 f f .9 4 1 6 / 4 1 8 , 424

ff.,

279,

4 0 7 / .,

4 14 ,

423

in d e x

rrr. IN T H E NOTES

SO M E P A L I W O R D S D IS C U S S E D
itib h a v d b h a v a ta m , 2 5 9 u d a k a p u n c h a n i, 16 9 k a th in a , 15 8 gam apoddava, 14 1 g ih in a m a n u k a m p a y a , 2 7 5 g o g h a m s ik d , 1 61 16 9 n i k k u jj a n a , 1 7 3 n ille k h a , 17 0

kav&te p a n c a n g u lik a m d a tu m , 17 0 p a ra d a tta v u tta , 2 5 9 p a rib h a n $ .a , 15 4 p a r iy a n ta , 4 5 , 5 6 , 7 6 b a n d h a n a m a tta t 188 m i^ h i, 15 4 s u tta r 13 0 su k a r a n ta k a , 18 9 h a tth a b h itti, 2 1 1

IN D EX A B B R E V IA T IO N S

IV. IN THE NOTES

U SED

A . = A n g u tta r a -N ik & y a A A . s= C o m m e n t a r y o n A . A s i. = A t t h a s a l i n i B . D . = B o o k o f the D i s c ip l in e B u . = B u d c U ig h o s a C . H . I . = C a m b r id g e H is to r y o f I n d i a C o rn y . = C o m m e n t a r y C . P . D . = C r it i c a l P a l i D ic t io n a r y { D in e s A n d e r s e n a n d H e l m e r S m it h ) C V . = C u lla v a g g a (V in a y a ) D . = D ig h a -N ik a y a D A , = C o m m e n ta ry on D . D hp. = D ham m apada D h A . = C o m m e n ta ry on D h p . D i a l . = D ia lo g u e s o f the B u d d h a D . P . P . N . = D ic tio n a r y o f P a l i P r o p e r N a m e s (G . 1\ M a la la s e k e r a ) D p v s. = D ip a v a m s a F o r . M e e t. F o r m a l M e e t in g o f t h e O r d e r (S a r ig h & d is e s a ) G .S . = G r a d u a l S a y in g s H . J . A . S . = H a r v a r d J o u r n a l o f O r ie n ta l S tu d ie s I ii. = Itiv u tta k a I t A . = C o m m e n ta ry on I ti. J d . = J a ta k a J . A . O . S . = J o u r n a l o f the A m e r ic a n O r ie n ta l S o c ie ty . J . P . T . S . = J o u r n a l o f the P a l i T e x t S o c ie ty K h A . = C o m m e n ta ry on K h u . K h u . = K h u d d a k a p a th a K . S . = K i n d r e d S a y in g s K v u . = K a th a v a tth u M . M a jjh im a - N ik a y a M A . = C o m m e n ta ry on M . M h b s. = M a h a b o d h iv a m s a M hvs. = M a h avam a M i l n . = M iK n d a p a n h a M i n . A n th . = M i n o r A n th o lo g ie s o f the P a l i C a n o n M V . = M a h a v a g g a (V in a y a ) N is s a g . = N i s s a g g i y a P a c. = P a c ittiy a P a r . = P a r a jik a P . E . D . = P a l i - I i n g l i s h D ic tio n a r y ( T . W . R h y s D a v i d s a n d W . S t e d e ) P s s . B r e th . P s a lm s o f the B r e th r e n P u g . = P u g g a la p a n n a tti S . S a m y u tta -N ik a y a S A . C o m m e n ta ry on S. S a n g h . = S a n g h & d is e s a . S n . = S u tta n ip a ta S n A . = C o m m e n ta ry on S n . S . B . E . = S a c r e d B o o k s o f the E a s t T hag. = T h e ra g a th a T h a g A . = C o m m e n ta ry on T h a g . T h lg . = T h e r lg a th a T h lg A , = C o m m e n ta r y on T h lg . U d. = U dana U d A . = C o m m e n ta ry on U d . U p . ~ U p a n is h a d V A . = C o m m e n t a r y o n V in . V b h A . = C o m m e n ta ry o n V ib h a n g a V in . = V in a y a V is m . = V i s u d d h i m a g g a V v A . C o m m e n ta ry on V im a n a v a tth u

440