Computational heat transfer flow modeling is one of the great challenges in the classical sciences.

As with most problems in Engineering, the interest in the heat transfer augmentation is due to its extreme importance in various industrial applications. CFD simulation for the heat transfer augmentation in a circular tube fitted with right-left helical tape inserts in laminar flow conditions has been explained in this

Abstract A new method of correlating heat transfer characteristics is presented for the case of thermally developing laminar flow in a smooth tube with a twisted-tape insert. The tube is considered to be at a constant temperature axially and peripherally and the tape is fully adiabatic. The correlating method is based on numerical results for the case on an infinitely thin tape and the finite tape thickness is incorporated through the definition of effective flow parameters. A complete step-by-step procedure for the implementation of the final correlative equation is presented.

For the handlooms and handicraft sector :

Enhancing to 5 per cent of Free On Board (f.o.b) value of exports duty free import of trimmings and embellishments for handlooms and handicrafts; Exemption of samples from countervailing duty (CVD); Authorizing Handicraft Export Promotion Council to import trimmings, embellishments and samples for small manufacturers; and Establishment of a new Handicraft Special Economic Zone.

In order to review the progress and policy measures, each year, "Annual Supplements" to the five year Foreign Trade Policy (FTP) have been announced by the Ministry :

The Annual Supplement announced in April, 2005 incorporated additional policy initiatives and further simplified the procedures. It provided for an active involvement of the State Governments in creating an enabling environment for boosting international trade, by setting up an Inter-State Trade Council. Also, different categories of advance licences were merged into a single category for procedural facilitation and easy monitoring. The supplement provided renewed thrust to agricultural exports by extension of 'Vishesh Krish Upaj Yojna' to poultry and dairy products and removal of cess on exports of all agricultural and plantation commodities. The Annual Supplement put forward in April 2006, announced the twin schemes of 'Focus Product' and 'Focus Market'. To further meet the objective of employment generation in rural and semi urban areas, export of village and cottage industry products were included in the 'Vishesh Krishi Upaj Yojana', which was renamed as "Vishesh

Krishi and Gram Udyog Yojana". Also, a number of measures were introduced in order to achieve the objective of making India a gems and jewellery hub of the world. These include:- (i) allowing import of precious metal scrap and used jewellery for melting, refining and re-export; (ii) permission for export of jewellery on consignment basis; (iii) permission to export polished precious and semi precious stones for treatment abroad and re-import in order to enhance the quality and afford higher value in the international market.

Likewise, the third Annual Supplement to the Foreign Trade Policy was announced on 19 April,2007 (effective from 1 st April, 2007). Some of the important measures introduced by it are:- (i) exemption from service tax on services (related to exports) rendered abroad; (ii) service tax on services rendered in India and utilized by exporters would be exempted/remitted; (iii) categorization of exporters as 'One to Five Star Export Houses' has been changed to 'Export Houses & Trading Houses', with rationalization and change in export performance parameters; (iv) expansion of ceiling, scope and coverage under the 'Focus Market Scheme (FMS)' and 'Focus Product Scheme (FPS)'. The final annual supplement to the Foreign Trade Policy for 2004-2009 was announced in April 2008 in which several innovative steps were proposed. They included the following:

Import duty under the EPCG scheme is being reduced from 5% to 3%, in order to promote modernization of manufacturing and services exports. Income tax benefit to 100% EOUs available under Section 10B of Income Tax Act is being extended for one more year, beyond 2009. To promote export of sports and toys and also to compensate disadvantages suffered by them, an additional duty credit of 5% over and above the credit under 'Focus Product Scheme' is being provided. Our export of fresh fruits and vegetables and floriculture suffers from high incidence of freight cost. To neutralize this disadvantage, an additional credit of 2.5% over and above the credit available under Visesh Krishi and Gram Udyog Yojana (VKGUY) is proposed. Interest relief already granted for sectors affected adversely by the appreciation of the rupee is being extended for one more year. DEPB scheme is being continued till May 2009.

Trade Facilitation Measures (Supplement To Foreign Trade Policy 2004-09) Announced On 26th February 2009,

DUTY CREDIT SCRIPS under DEPB scheme to be issued without waiting for realization of export proceeds; Special package of Rs. 325 crore for leather and textiles sector;

STCL, DIAMOND INDIA, MSTC, GEM & JEWELLERY EPC and STAR TRADING HOUSES added as nominated agencies for import of precious metals; Gem and Jewellery export: import restrictions on worked corals removed; Bhilwara and Surat recognized as towns of export excellence for textiles and diamonds; Threshold limit for recognition as premier trading houses reduced to Rs. 7500 crore; Under EPCG scheme, export obligation extended till 2009-10 for exports during 200809; DEPB/DUTY CREDIT SCRIP utilization extended for payment of duty for import of restricted items also; Procedure for claiming duty drawback refund & refund of terminal excise duty further simplified; Re-credit of 4% SAD for VKGUY, FPS and FMS allowed; A new office of DGFT to be opened at Srinagar; Value cap under DEPB revised for two products;