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' Sharon.Gannot@biu.ac.il
pinit@macs.biu.ac.il
' noam.yair@gmail.com
' leshem.amir2@gmail.com

12

13

 1 :

Real-time Acoustic Dereverberation System
:
:
, .
. , ,
. ,
, .
EM .
, .
:
.
:
.C/C++
:
:

:
'
:
S. Gannot, D Burshtein, E. Weinstein, Iterative and sequential Kalman filter-based speech
enhancement algorithms," IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 373385, 1998.
O. Capp'e, E Moulines, "On-line expectation- maximization algorithm for latent data models," Journal
of the Royal Statistical Society. Series B (Statistical Methodology), vol. 71, no. 3, pp. 593-613, 2009.
B. Schwartz, S. Gannot, E. Habets, Multi-microphone speech dereverberation using expectationmaximization and Kalman smoothing," European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO) 2013.

14

1.

2.
3.

: 2

Multiple Speaker Tracking in the Presence of Unreliable Microphones

:
In many scenarios, an estimation of the speaker tracking is required. The estimation problem is
complicated by the presence of sensor and environment noise. Due to the reverberation phenomenon,
secondary reflections are added to the speaker signals that bias its directionality. In addition, a
scenario with several concurrent speakers requires multiple estimations of several dominant directions.
In this project, multiple speaker schemes, with a known number of speakers, utilizing multiple
microphone pairs are considered. Novel tracking methods, for a multiple sources scenario, will be
implemented.
The methods, applied in the short-time Fourier transform (STFT) domain, consist of a probabilistic
model for the pair-wise relative phase ratio (PRP) between close microphone pairs. The mixture of
Gaussians (MoG) model is adapted to describe the speakers locations and the likelihood of the
parameters is maximized by utilizing the expectation-maximization (EM) procedure.

:
.
.C Matlab-

.
:
II ,I
:
:

:
'
:
1. O. Schwartz and S.Gannot. Multiple Speaker Localization and Tracking in the Presence of
Unreliable Microphones. M.Sc. Thesis, Bar-Ilan University, 2012
2. M. Mandel, D. Ellis, and T. Jebara. An EM algorithm for localizing multiple sound
sources in reverberant environments. In Advances in Neural Information Processing
Systems, vol. 19, p. 953, 2007.

15

: 3
"
Speech dereverberation and denoising using multichannel Wiener filter

:
In speech recognition systems the received microphone signals are degraded by room reverberation
and ambient noise and the intelligibility of the speech is decreased.
Reverberant speech can be separated into two components, an early speech component and a late
reverberant speech component. Reverberation suppression algorithms, that are feasible in practice,
have been developed to suppress late reverberant speech or in other words to estimate the early speech
component.
In this project, the multichannel Wiener filter is implemented by the MVDR beamformer followed by
a postfilter. The MVDR beamformer is implemented as a non-orthogonal GSC structure in order to
enhance the direct path of the speech signal. A time difference of arrival block will be included in the
implementation to allow for array steering in practical scenarios.

:
.C Matlab -
.
:
:
II ,I
:

:
'
:
1. E. A. Habets, S. Gannot, and I. Cohen "Speech dereverberation using backward estimation of
the late reverberant spectral variance" in The 25th Convention of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers in Israel (IEEEI). IEEE, 2008, pp. 384-388.
2. R. Talmon, I. Cohen, and S. Gannot, Multichannel speech enhancement using convolutive
transfer function approximation in reverberant environments, in The IEEE International
Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), Taipei, Taiwan, Apr.
2009, pp. 38853888.
3. O. Schwartz, S. Gannot and E.A.P. Habets, Multi-microphone Speech Dereverberation, in
preparation.

16

 4 :

:
( direction of arrival )DOA
,
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)vector-sensor
.
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.
:
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'
:
'
:
[1] A. Nehorai and E. Paldi, "Acoustic vector-sensor array processing," IEEE Trans. on Signal
Processing, vol. 42, no. 9, pp. 24812491, Sept. 1994.
[2] D. Levin, E.A.P. Habets and S. Gannot, "Direction-of-arrival estimation using acoustic vector

sensors in the presence of noise", Proc. of the IEEE International Conference on Acoustics,
Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP), Prague, Czech Republic, May 22-27, 2011.
[3] M.K. Awad and K.T. Wong, Recursive least-squares source-tracking using one acoustic
vector-sensor, IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, vol. 48, no. 4, pp.
3073-3083, October 2012.

17

 5 :
LCMV
Binaural Speech Enhancement Beamforming Technique Based on Linearly
)Constrained Minimum Variance Method (LCMV
:

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:
:
'
:
'
:
[1] Elior Hadad, Sharon Gannot, and Simon Doclo, "Binaural linearly constrained minimum
variance beamformer for hearing aid applications", Proceedings of International Workshop on
Acoustic Signal Enhancement (IWAENC), Sep. 2012.

18

 6 :

Development multi-channel system for recording and signal enhancement
:
]1[ RME .
RME firewire .
.]2[ RME-
.
]3[ OpenMP .CPU ]4[ IPP Intel
DSP .
- LCMV
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:
:

:
'
:
1. http://www.rme-audio.de/en_products_quadmic.php, http://www.rmeaudio.de/en_products_digiface.php,
2. http://www.portaudio.com/
3. http://openmp.org/wp/openmp-specifications/
4. http://software.intel.com/en-us/articles/intel-ipp-library-signal-processing-domainoverview/
5. Shmulik Markovich, Sharon Gannot and Israel Cohen,
Multichannel Eigenspace Beamforming in a Reverberant Noisy Environment with
Multiple Interfering Speech Signals, IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech and
Language Processing, Volume 17, Issue 6, pp. 1071-1086, Aug. 2009.

19

 7 :
analog front-end TI

Development multy-channel system for data acquisition based on TI Analog Front End
for muscle contraction
:
2-8 .
.
]1,2[ TI Analog Front-End .C5000
EMG .Neural Spikes -
Programble Gain Amplifier ( ]3[ TI ) SPI
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:
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:
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:
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:
1. http://focus.ti.com/docs/prod/folders/print/ads1298.html
2. http://focus.ti.com/docs/toolsw/folders/print/ads1298ecgfe-pdk.html
3. http://focus.ti.com/docs/prod/folders/print/pga280.html

20

OMAP-L138

Development OMAP-L138 DSP based system for noise reduction

:
.DSP DSP
.
OMAP-L138 .
Matlab/Simulink
. C PC - .DSP
.TCP/IP
:
.
.Matlab/Simulink
DSP .OMAP-L138
.
- .
:

1
:
:

:
'
:
1. http://focus.ti.com/docs/toolsw/folders/print/tmdxl138logicexp.html
2. E.A.P. Habets, S. Gannot and I. Cohen, "Late reverberant spectral variance
estimation based on a statistical model", IEEE Signal Processing Letters, Vol. 16, No.
9, pp. 770-773, Sep. 2009.
3. E.A.P. Habets, "Speech dereverberation using spectral enhancement, in Speech
Dereverberation," P.A. Naylor and N.D. Gaubitch (Eds.), Springer, 2010.
4. E.A.P. Habets and S. Gannot, "Dual-microphone speech dereverberation using a
reference signal," Proc. of the IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech,
and Signal Processing (ICASSP 2007), Honolulu, USA, Apr. 15-20, 2007, Vol. IV, pp.
901-904.

21

 9 :
Bluetooth
Development multi-channel system for recording and signal enhancement base
Bluetooth technology
:
.Bluetooth -
.
.
:

. , .
:
C/C++
:
:

:
'
:
1. S. Markovich-Golan, S. Gannot, and I. Cohen, Distributed GSC beamforming using the relative
transfer function, in The European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO), Bucharest,
Romania, Aug. 2012, invited paper.

22

: 10

Blind separation of microarray gene expression
:
Microarray gene expression is used as a tool to indicate which genes are expressed, and
how much these genes are expressed, in an analyzed tissue. Usually, whole tissues are
analyzed, which are heterogeneous in their cell composition and consist of a mix of several
cell types. Extraction of specific cell-type signatures and their relative proportions from
these heterogeneous samples is extremely important in the study of the biological roles
related to distinct cell-types. This can be used as a diagnostic tool in medicine, to enable
the detection of diseases and evaluation of prognosis. For example, such separation can
determine the presence of tumor cells in a biopsy taken from patients and measured by
microarrays. An additional application may be to detect a certain type of bacteria in a
tissue, blood sample, or a saliva sample.
A previous study has shown that microarray measurements are well modeled as a linear
mixture of multiple signatures from different clusters of cells. We have developed an
algorithm to blindly separate gene expression of whole tissues into their cell type
constituents, by applying a signal processing approach [1]. The objective of the proposed
project is to study and implement advanced signal processing algorithms for gene
expression separation, in particular the algorithm we have developed. The students will
learn both biological aspects and signal processing aspects of the gene expression
microarray problem. By understanding both sides of the problem, the students will be able
to implement the existing separation algorithm on new biological data, while making
additional adjustments and additions, in order to extract meaningful biological information.
The project well be carried out under joint supervision of myself, and Dr. Neta S.
Zuckerman from the Department of Cancer Immunotherapeutics and Tumor Immunology,
City of Hope, Duarte, CA and the Electrical Engineering Department at Stanford
University, Stanford CA.
:
The students will study the topic of Microarray gene expression. They will learn
theoretical aspects of the problem, with special emphasis on non-negative matrix
factorization (which is the most important tool in analyzing these data), existence and
uniqueness of a solution, and algorithms. Other theoretical aspects are measures of
goodness for non-negative data. The main phases of this project are the following:
- Overview of microarray gene expression, high throughput RNAseq and their
mathematical modeling. Also, overview on non-negative matrix factorization and
its properties.
Implementing the existing algorithm for separation of RNA sequencing in Matlab.
This phase requires adjustments to the existing algorithm to be implemented on
these new data type.
Adjusting and improving the algorithm in the following ways: (a) Creating
appropriate statistical tests using the output from the algorithms majority voting
feature e.g. to answer the question - which cell types are most likely to exist
within a defined group of cells?. (b) Currently, the algorithm analyzes groups of
samples. An additional improvement will be to adjust the algorithm to separate
single samples.
Project deliverable: Repost which survey the gene expression microarray problem
and of the non-negative matrix factorization problem and its theoretical aspects.
Matlab code of at least 3 existing algorithms where the algorithm in [1] must be

23

included. Implementation and comparison of the chosen algorithm on high

throughput RNAseq data. Implementation of the algorithm in [1] (or adjusted
algorithm that the student will derive) on data which will be provided by Dr.
Zukerman.

Design tools: Matlab

:
Dr. Neta Zukerman Zuckerman from the Department of Cancer Immunotherapeutics and
Tumor Immunology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA and the Electrical engineering department
at Stanford University, Stanford CA.
:
" "
:
"

1. N. S. Zuckerman, Y. Noam, A. J. Goldsmith, P. P. Lee ``Cell-type selection and blind

separation of gene expression microarrays", Accepted for publication, PLOS
Computational Biology.
2. Shen-Orr SS, Tibshirani R, Khatri P, Bodian DL, Staedtler F, et al. (2010) Cell typespecific gene expression differences in complex tissues. Nature Methods 7: 287-289.
3. Mills JC, Roth KA, Cagan RL, Gordon JI (2001) DNA microarrays and beyond:
completing the journey from tissue to cell. Nat Cell Biol 3: E175-178.
4. Piper J, Pauca, V.P., Plemmons, R.J., Giffin, M. Object Characterization from
spectral data using nonnegative factorization and information theory; 2004; Maui, HI.
5. Venet D, Pecasse F, Maenhaut C, Bersini H (2001) Separation of samples into their
constituents using gene expression data. Bioinformatics 17 Suppl 1: S279-287.

24

: 11
"
Blind Null Space learning for MIMO Cognitive Radio
:
The scarcity of the electromagnetic spectrum is one of the most important problems in
communications today. Cognitive Radio (CR) is a promising paradigm for increasing
spectrum utilization. The idea is to design smart radio that can coexist with legacy systems
on the same band without interfering with it. The major challenge in the field of CR is to
design practical algorithms, which enable cognitive radio systems to obtain the necessary
information to mitigate interference to other systems.
In this project, the students will implement advanced learning algorithms for MIMO CR. For
this purpose, the students will build an advance system level simulator of a cellular network
which encapsulates some features of the Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard.
:
The students will study the topic of CR. They will learn theoretical aspects of wireless
communications with emphasize on MIMO, which are necessary for CR. The main phases of
this project are the following:
Overview of the CR problem and relevant aspects in wireless communication such as
MIMO channel estimation, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM).
Building system level simulator of a cellular network which encapsulates some
features of the LTE standard.
Testing and designing advanced CR learning algorithms for interference mitigation.
Project deliverable: System level simulator and implementation of advanced
algorithms such as Blind null space learning and tracking algorithms, the one-bit null
space learning algorithm and Spatial multiple access algorithms.
The students will gain both theoretical and practical understanding of the CR problem.
Design tools: Matlab

:

:
"
:
"

1.

Y. Noam and A. J. Goldsmith Blind null-space learning for MIMO underlay cognitive
radio with Primary User Interference Adaptation, IEEE Transaction on Wireless

25

Communications, vol. 12, no.4, pp. 1722-1734, April 2013 .

Y. Noam and A. J. Goldsmith "One-Bit Null Space Learning Algorithm and its
Convergence, revised, IEEE Transaction on Signal Processing.

2.

Y. Noam and A. J. Goldsmith Exploiting Spatial Degrees of Freedom in MIMO

Cognitive Radio Systems, IEEE Int. Conf. on Communications (ICC) 2012.

3.

A. Manolakos, Y. Noam, K. Dimou, and A. Goldsmith, Blind null-space tracking for

MIMO underlay cognitive radio networks, IEEE Globecom 2012.

4.

12 :

Adaptive frequency allocation using auction algorithms
:
.
.

.
.

.
.
:
:
.
.
.
.
.
:
: 1
:

:

:
'
:
[1] O. Naparstek And A. Leshem, "Fully distributed optimal channel assignment for open
"spectrum access

26

 13 :
CDMA
:
LPI
. LPI .
CDMA .
:
CDMA LPI .
LPI
.
:
:

:

:
'
:
:
1. Kay, Steven M. "Fundamentals of statistical signal processing, Vol. II:
Detection Theory." Signal Processing. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice
Hall(1998).
2. Tse, David. Fundamentals of wireless communication. Ed. Pramod Viswanath.
Cambridge university press, 2005.
3. Ghosal, Sayan, Devendra Jalihal, and K. Giridhar. "A multicarrier CDMA
based low probability of intercept network." Communications (NCC), 2010
National Conference on. IEEE, 2010.
4. Omura, Jim K., and Robert A. Scholtz. Spread spectrum communications
handbook. Vol. 2. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1994.

27


" "
()2013-2014

'

28

29

 :

'
"

'

'

'
' -
'

"

1
"
2

3

4
CDMA

5
OFDM

6

7
LDPC

8
'

' bergeli@eng.biu.ac.il
' brosss@macs.biu.ac.il
' - anelia.somekhbaruch@gmail.com
' leshem.amir2@gmail.com
' noam.yair@gmail.com

30

31

 1 :

Encoder and decoder for polar code
:

. .2008-9
!

.

:


.
:
( )55
:
:
'
:
'
:
1. E. Arikan, "Channel Polarization: A Method for Constructing Capacity-Achieving
Codes for Symmetric Binary-Input Memoryless Channels," Information Theory, IEEE
Transactions on, vol. 55, pp. 3051-3073, 2009
2. E. Arikan, "Systematic Polar Coding," IEEE Communications Letters, vol. 15, pp.
860-862.

32

"
Blind Null Space learning for MIMO Cognitive Radio
:
The scarcity of the electromagnetic spectrum is one of the most important problems in
communications today. Cognitive Radio (CR) is a promising paradigm for increasing
spectrum utilization. The idea is to design smart radio that can coexist with legacy systems
on the same band without interfering with it. The major challenge in the field of CR is to
design practical algorithms, which enable cognitive radio systems to obtain the necessary
information to mitigate interference to other systems.
In this project, the students will implement advanced learning algorithms for MIMO CR. For
this purpose, the students will build an advance system level simulator of a cellular network
which encapsulates some features of the Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard.
:
The students will study the topic of CR. They will learn theoretical aspects of wireless
communications with emphasize on MIMO, which are necessary for CR. The main phases of
this project are the following:
Overview of the CR problem and relevant aspects in wireless communication such as
MIMO channel estimation, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM).
Building system level simulator of a cellular network which encapsulates some
features of the LTE standard.
Testing and designing advanced CR learning algorithms for interference mitigation.
Project deliverable: System level simulator and implementation of advanced
algorithms such as Blind null space learning and tracking algorithms, the one-bit null
space learning algorithm and Spatial multiple access algorithms.
The students will gain both theoretical and practical understanding of the CR problem.
Design tools: Matlab

:

:
"
:
"

5.

Y. Noam and A. J. Goldsmith Blind null-space learning for MIMO underlay cognitive

33

radio with Primary User Interference Adaptation, IEEE Transaction on Wireless

Communications, vol. 12, no.4, pp. 1722-1734, April 2013 .
6.

Y. Noam and A. J. Goldsmith "One-Bit Null Space Learning Algorithm and its
Convergence, revised, IEEE Transaction on Signal Processing.

7.

Y. Noam and A. J. Goldsmith Exploiting Spatial Degrees of Freedom in MIMO

Cognitive Radio Systems, IEEE Int. Conf. on Communications (ICC) 2012.

8.

A. Manolakos, Y. Noam, K. Dimou, and A. Goldsmith, Blind null-space tracking for

MIMO underlay cognitive radio networks, IEEE Globecom 2012.

34

 3 :

Adaptive frequency allocation using auction algorithms
:
.
.

.
.

.
.
:
:
.
.
.
.
.
:
: 1
:
:

:
'
:
[2] O. Naparstek And A. Leshem, "Fully distributed optimal channel assignment for open
"spectrum access

35

4
CDMA
:
LPI
. LPI .
CDMA .
:
CDMA LPI .
LPI
.
:
:
:

:
'
:
:
5. Kay, Steven M. "Fundamentals of statistical signal processing, Vol. II:
Detection Theory." Signal Processing. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice
Hall(1998).
6. Tse, David. Fundamentals of wireless communication. Ed. Pramod Viswanath.
Cambridge university press, 2005.
7. Ghosal, Sayan, Devendra Jalihal, and K. Giridhar. "A multicarrier CDMA
based low probability of intercept network." Communications (NCC), 2010
National Conference on. IEEE, 2010.
8. Omura, Jim K., and Robert A. Scholtz. Spread spectrum communications
handbook. Vol. 2. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1994.

36

5
OFDM
:
LPI
. LPI .
OFDM .
:
OFDM LPI .
LPI
.
:
:
:

:
'
:
:
Kay, Steven M. "Fundamentals of statistical signal processing, Vol. II: Detection
Theory." Signal Processing. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall(1998).
Tse, David. Fundamentals of wireless communication. Ed. Pramod Viswanath. Cambridge
university press, 2005.
Garth, Lee M., and H. Vincent Poor. "Detection of non-Gaussian signals: a paradigm for
modern statistical signal processing [and prolog]." Proceedings of the IEEE 82.7 (1994): 10611095.
Omura, Jim K., and Robert A. Scholtz. Spread spectrum communications handbook. Vol. 2.
New York: McGraw-Hill, 1994.

37

1.
2.
3.

4.

: 6

Implementation of compression algorithms for images
:
The project will include implementations and ad hock adaptations in Matlab and C, and
performance evaluation of image compression algorithms: JPEG, lossless JPEG, and
progressive JPEG and variants of Lempel-Ziv compression. The project involves
understanding the principles lying in the basis of these compression algorithms.
:
Matlab , TCD
. ,c , ,
:
,I ,I , ,
,II
:
:
-"
:
-"
:

[1]

38

 7 :
LDPC
Multi-antenna network simulation with LDPC codes
:

. , , .
,
. ,
.LDPC
:
C/Matlab ,
, .LDPC
:
,I I
:
:
'
:
'
:
1. Y. Richter and I. Bergel: Scaled SLNR Precoding for Cognitive Radio, In
Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile
Radio Communications (PIMRC 2011). Available on demand.
2. Shokrollahi, A., LDPC codes: An introduction, Coding, cryptography and
combinatorics, Vol. 23, pages 85110, 2004.
_http://www.awinn.ece.vt.edu/twiki/pub/Main/AthanasNotebook/LDPC_Codes_An_Introduction.pdf

39

 8 :

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Networks, In Proceedings of the 2012 International Symposium of Modeling
and Optimization of Mobile, Ad Hoc, and Wireless Networks (WiOpt 2012).
2. Y. George, I. Bergel and E, Zehavi: The effect of directional antennas on slotted
CSMA ad hoc networks, In Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE Workshop on Signal
Processing Advances in Wireless Communications (SPAWC 2011), San Francisco,
USA, June 2011.
http://www.eng.biu.ac.il/~bergeli/papers/CSMA_directional_george_SPAWC_2011.p
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: 15
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High-resolution laser range-finder operating at poor signal to noise ratios, based on
advanced sequence coding
:
Laser detection and ranging (LADAR) systems have developed rapidly in recent years. Their
applications include range-finders, 2D and 3D imaging systems, vibrometers, and synthetic
aperture imaging. The most commonly-used LADAR scheme relies on the transmission of
short and intense isolated pulses, and time of flight (ToF) measurements of collected
reflections. However, use of high-peak power laser pulses is complicated and potentially
unsafe. Alternatively, many radio-frequency (RF) radar systems rely on the transmission of
long sequences of pulses, and the compression of received echoes. Compression is carried out
through matched-filtering processes. The majority of pulse compression waveforms are
constructed using frequency modulation or phase-coding (bipolar sequences). Phase and
frequency codes generally provide superior sidelobe suppression, compared with that of
amplitude-based or unipolar sequences. However, the application of phase and frequency
codes requires coherent receivers. While prevalent in RF systems, coherent receivers in the
optical domain come at a cost of significant complexity.
In 2006, a novel coding scheme for the effective compression of incoherently detected,
unipolar pulse sequences was proposed by Prof. Nadav Levanon of Tel-Aviv University. The
unipolar sequences are derived from low-sidelobe, bipolar codes through a pulse-position
modulation algorithm. The sidelobe suppression of the compressed sequences nearly
replicates that of the original bipolar codes, although simple, incoherent detection is
employed. Recently, the group of Dr. Avi Zadok provided an experimental demonstration of
the technique, with high-resolution range-finding and particularly low sidelobes achieved at
poor signal-to-noise ratios.
The objective of the proposed project is to extend both the theoretical and the experimental
aspects of the project, demonstrate longer measurement ranges, and analyze additional coding
sequences for better performance and simpler processing.
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1. N. Levenon and E. Mozeson, Radar Signals, New York: Wiley-Interscience, 2004.
2. M.-C. Amann, T. Bosch, M. Lescure, R. Myllyl, and M. Rioux, Laser ranging: a critical review of usual techniques for
distance measurement, Opt. Eng. vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 1019, Jan. 2001.
3. N. Levanon, "Noncoherent pulse compression," IEEE Trans. on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, vol. 42, no. 2, pp.
756-765, Apr. 2006.
4. D. Kravitz, D. Grodensky, N. Levanon, and A. Zadok, "High-Resolution Low-Sidelobe Laser Ranging Based on
Incoherent Pulse Compression, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters vol. 24,no. 23 2119-2121, Dec. 2012

59

: 16
-
Fiber-optic sensors for monitoring fluid evaporation
:
The dynamics of evaporation of fluid droplets are useful in understanding complex systems such
as clouds, fogs, oil burners and engines, and are significant in diverse industrial processes such as
cooling of electronic circuits, inkjet printing and painting. The rate of evaporation and the
accompanying variations in the droplet profile depend on properties of both the fluid itself and the
solid surface in touch with the droplet. Evaporation is commonly monitored through video
microscopy or by micro-gravimetry. While these methods provide excellent precision, they
require auxiliary instrumentation in the immediate surroundings of the monitored fluid, such as
cameras, read-out circuit-boards and cabling.
Recently, the group of Dr. Avi Zadok and colleagues from the University of Maribor, Slovenia,
demonstrated the fiber-optic monitoring of the evaporation of sub-nano-liter fluid volumes from
within micro-cells, and from the tips of standard fibers. Fiber-based sensors offer unique
advantages such as remote access, use over a broad temperature range, chemical inertness and
small dimensions. The evaporation process is accompanied by distinct temporal profiles of
transmission and reflection from the fiber facet or cavity. These temporal profiles provide a
distinct signature of individual solvents or mixtures, and distinguish between different fluids
based on physical properties other than their refractive index alone. The measurements require
only a simple light source and a low-bandwidth power meter, while no equipment is required in
the vicinity of the micro-cell itself. Measurements successfully resolve, for example, the
concentration of alcohol in water with 1% precision. The method is applicable to the production
of bio-diesel, authentication of gasoline, detection of contamination in water, analysis of tears in
the eyes, etc.
The objectives of the project are: 1) to model and simulate the effects of fluid evaporation on the
propagation of light through fiber-optic micro-cells, and on reflections from fiber tips; 2) Develop
specific applications are acquire data.

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K. T. V. Grattan and B. T. Meggit (Eds.), Optical Fiber Sensor Technology Volume 4, Chemical and
Environmental Sensing. (Kluwer academic publishers, Dordrecht, the Netherlands, 2010).
E. Preter, B. Preloznik, C. N. Sukenik, D. Donlagic, and A. Zadok, "Monitoring of fluid evaporation using
fiber-optic micro-cells," conference paper, available from Dr. Zadok upon request.
D. Donlagic, "All-fiber micromachined microcell," Optics Letters 36, 3148-3150 (2011).

60

: 17
) (
Fabrication and characterization of waveguides and optical filters in nonlinear
chalcogenide glasses
:
Chalcogenides (ChGs) are a family of glasses which contain one of the chalcogen elements (e.g.
S, Se, or Te). They have a broad transparency window from the visible to the mid-infrared
wavelengths, and are well known for their highly-nonlinear refractive index, that is up to thousand
times greater than that of silica. These properties make ChG an attractive platform for sensing and
for all-optical signal processing. Nonlinear propagation effects in waveguides written in ChG
glass have been used in four-wave-mixing, in wavelength conversion, in slow and fast light
phenomena etc.
Over the last year, the group of Dr. Avi Zadok had learned to fabricate waveguides in thin
films of ChG glass, which were deposited on silica-on-silicon substrates. The waveguides are
written through direct laser beam lithography, by focusing the light from an ultra-fast
Ti:Sapphire laser on the film surface and moving the sample with a motorized stage. In
particular, the group demonstrated the nonlinear effect of stimulated Brillouin scattering in
such waveguides. The effect provides the potential opportunity for elaborate all-optical signal
processing on a chip.
The objective of the project are: 1) to improve the fabrication technique and obtain low loss
waveguides in ChG; 2) Extend the fabrication procedure to more complicated structures such
as couplers, interferometers and ring resonators; 3) characterize the performance of
waveguides; and 4) Explore the fabrication of waveguides on new glass compositions.
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pp. 141-148 (2011)
A. Zoubir, M. Richardson, C. Rivero, A. Schulte, C. Lopez, K. Richardson, N. Ho, and R. Vallee, "Direct
femtosecond laser writing of waveguides in As2S3 thin films," Optics Letters vol. 29, pp. 748-750 (2004).
34.S. Levy, V. Lyubin, M. Klebanov, J. Scheuer, and A. Zadok, Stimulated Brillouin scattering
amplification in centimeter-long directly written chalcogenide waveguides, Optics Letters 37, no. 24, 51125114, Dec. 2012.

61

: 18
"
Long variable delay of broadband radar waveforms using photonic means
:
The field of microwave photonics (MWP) has been a prolific area of research for over thirty
years. MWP processing provides several potential advantages over electrical domain
techniques: low propagation loss in optical fibers; ultra-broad transmission bandwidth;
immunity to electro-magnetic interference; potential for light-weight, small-footprint modules
etc.
One promising potential application of MWP is the optical implementation of radio-frequency
(RF) delay lines. Such delay lines are critical components in beam steering within phasedarray radar systems. Such true time delay (TTD) elements must accommodate broadband RF
waveforms and comply with stringent distortion requirements. Large antenna arrays require
delay variations of tens of ns or longer. The variable TTD of high-frequency waveforms using
RF cables tends to be lossy and bulky, rendering potential MWP alternatives appealing.
Numerous methods for the realization of MWP TTD elements have been proposed and
demonstrated. Despite considerable progress, the realization of MWP TTDs that are
continuously variable over tens of ns and accommodate broadband waveforms remains
challenging.
In recent years the group of Dr. Avi Zadok examined the potential of a significant relaxation
in the objectives of the delay element: rather than provide an 'honest', universal group delay of
every incoming signal, we focus on the processing of specific waveforms which are of
particular interest to actual radar systems. While the proposed processing is not strictly a
variable delay of the waveforms, it has a nearly equivalent effect on this family of signals. In
compromising the universality of the delay approach, delays that are up to 100 times longer
than what was previously reported were obtained, while retaining sufficient quality of the
processed waveform.
The objective of the project is to combine the fiber-optic processing setup together with RF
antennas for transmission and detection, and demonstrate a complete, preliminary radar
system.
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Eng., Bar-Ilan Univ., Ramat-Gan, Israel, 2012. (Available through group website).

62

: 19
, -
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Long-range, high-resolution fiber-optic distributed temperature and strain sensors
:
Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) is a nonlinear propagation effect that couples between
two waves in an optical fiber, depending on the exact difference between their optical
frequencies. The effect leads to the amplification of one light wave at the expense of the
other. The conditions for amplifications depend on environmental parameters such as
temperature and mechanical strain, and therefore SBS is widely used in fiber-optic sensing.
The build-up time of the effect, however, is relatively long: on the order of 5 ns. Multiplied by
the speed of light in fiber, the long lifetime translates into a rather low spatial resolution of
about 1 m. The confinement of SBS to shorter segments is challenging. This restriction limits
the spatial resolution of commercial SBS-based sensor systems.
Over the last two years, the group of Dr. Zadok, together with colleagues at EPFL,
Switzerland and Tel-Aviv University, was able to restrict the spatial extent of the SBS
interaction to less than a cm. The technique is based on the coding of the two optical waves by
a sequence of pulses, as done in radars. Based on this technique, the sensing of temperature
variations was demonstrated over 200 m long fibers with 1 cm resolution. Yet, the scaling of
the measurements to longer distances is held back by poor signal to noise ratios.
The objective of the project is to employ more elaborate coding schemes, in order to extend
the range of the measurement to km scale, without compromising the resolution or the
acquisition time.
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Y. Antman, N. Primerov, J. Sancho, L. Thevenaz, and A. Zadok, Localized and stationary dynamic
gratings via stimulated Brillouin scattering with phase modulated pumps, Opt. Express vol. 20, pp. 78077821 begin_of_the_skype_highlighting, 2012.
A. Zadok, Y. Antman, N. Primerov, A. Denisov, J. Sancho, and L. Thevenaz, Random-access distributed
fiber sensing, Laser and Photonics Reviews vol. 6, no. 5, L1-L5, 2012.
Y. Antman, N. Levanon, and A. Zadok, Low-noise delays from dynamic Brillouin gratings based on
perfect Golomb coding of pump waves, Opt. Lett. 37, 5259-5261, 2012.

63

 20 :

Synthesis of organic nanoparticles for medical uses
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)4755 (2004
A. Gedanken , "Sonochemistry and its application to nanochemistry". Current science, Vol. 85, No. 12,
)1720-1722 (2003
K.S. Suslick, D.A. Hammerton, and R.E. Cline, Jr.J. Am. Chem. SOC, 108, 5641-5642 (1986).
V. Sez and T.J. Mason, "Sonoelectrochemical Synthesis of Nanoparticles". Molecules, 14, 4284-4299
(2009).

64

1.
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 21 :
FLIM
Comparison of TCSPC FLIM and homodyne frequency domain FLIM methods in order
to determine which method is better for a given sample.
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Philip, J., Carlsson, K., Theoretical investigation of the signal-to-noise ratio in Fluorescence lifetime
imaging.J. Opt. Soc. Am. A., 2003. 20(2): p. 368.
N. Boens, W. Qin, N. Basari, J. Hofkens, M. Ameloot, J. Pouget, J.-P. Lefvre, B. Valeur, E. Gratton, M.
vandeVen, N. D. Silva, Y. Engelborghs, K. Willaert, A. Sillen, G. Rumbles, D. Phillips, A. J. W. G. Visser,
A. van Hoek, J. R. Lakowicz, H. Malak, I. Gryczynski, A. G. Szabo, D. T. Krajcarski, N. Tamai and A.
"Miura, "Fluorescence Lifetime Standards for Time and Frequency Domain Fluorescence Spectroscopy,
Analytical Chemistry 79(5), 2137-2149 (2007).
A. T. N. Kumar, S. B. Raymond, B. J. Bacskai and D. A. Boas, "Comparison of frequencydomain and time)domain fluorescence lifetime tomography," Opt. Lett. 33(5), 470-472 (2008
Lior Turgeman and Dror Fixler, Photon efficiency optimization in time correlated single photon counting
technique for fluorescence lifetime imaging systems, IEEE Trans Biomed Eng (2013), PMID 23322753.
Lior Turgeman and Dror Fixler, The influence of dead time related distortions on live cell fluorescence
lifetime imaging (FLIM) experiments, J. Biophotonics 1-11 DOI 10.1002/jbio.201300018 (2013).

65

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FLIM
Improving SNR ratio for FLIM system
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Philip, J., Carlsson, K., Theoretical investigation of the signal-to-noise ratio in Fluorescence lifetime
imaging.J. Opt. Soc. Am. A., 2003. 20(2): p. 368.
H. Esposito, Gerritsen, H.C., Wouters, F.S. , "Optimizing frequency-domain fluorescence lifetime sensing
for high for throughput applications: photon economy and acquisition speed.," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A. 24(10),
3261 (2007).
"H. C. Gerritsen, Sanders, R., Draaijer, A., "The photon economy of fluorescence lifetime imaging,
Scanning 18(55) 1992.
Y. Lin and A. F. Gmitro, "Statistical analysis and optimization of frequency-domain fluorescence lifetime
imaging microscopy using homodyne lock-in detection," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 27(5), 1145-1155 (2010).
Lior Turgeman and Dror Fixler, Photon efficiency optimization in time correlated single photon counting
technique for fluorescence lifetime imaging systems, IEEE Trans Biomed Eng (2013), PMID 23322753.
Lior Turgeman and Dror Fixler, The influence of dead time related distortions on live cell fluorescence
lifetime imaging (FLIM) experiments, J. Biophotonics 1-11 DOI 10.1002/jbio.201300018 (2013).

66

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72

73

Image Processing in microscopy
:
The goal of this project is to apply image processing to microscopy, with particular emphasis
on segmentation and morphological analysis. We will focus on segmentation of phase and
DIC images.
There are a variety of similar segmentation and tracking problems in microscopy, so there is
potential for more than one project in this area.
:
The output of this project will be segmentation algorithms for phase and DIC images, which
will be applied to a variety of biological problems, such as tracking of unlabeled live cells
during a time lapse experiment.
:
Strong computer programming skills (Java preferable, but C++ as a background is
acceptable).
Signals and Systems.
Introduction to Modern Optics.
:
:
'
:
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:
1. Optical Microscopy
Michael W.Davidson and Mortimer Abramowitz
The Florida State University
www.microscopy.fsu.edu/primer/index.html
2. Any image processing textbook. There are many tutorials on the web.
3. Imagej/FIJI documention

74

: 2

Computer controlled microscopy
:
The goal of this project is to implement a completely automated microscopy system using the
open source MicroManager software package. We want to automate our IX-81 microscope,
for time lapse experiments. Validation of this system will require successful execution of time
lapse experiments, with mutli-dimensional acquisition (XYZ, time, and spectral control).
:
:
Strong computer programming skills (Java and C++ will be very helpful)
Some hardware experience
Signals and Systems
Introduction to Modern Optics
:
:
'
:
'
:
1. Optical Microscopy
Michael W.Davidson and Mortimer Abramowitz
The Florida State University
www.microscopy.fsu.edu/primer/index.html
2. Any image processing textbook. There are many tutorials on the web.
3. Micro-Manager documentation (http://valelab.ucsf.edu/~MM/MMwiki/)

75

: 3

Quantitative Fluorescence Microscopy
:
The goal of this project is to develop and implement quatitative fluorescence microscopy
(QFM) experiments. QFM in conceptually simple, but in practice difficult because of the
large number of variables that affect the measurement.We wish to develop protocols which
will enable us to compare the results of fluorescence microscopy experiments carried out at
different times and on different samples.
:
This project will include hardware and software. This includes:
1. Design and implementation of a method to meaure the incident illumination power.
2. Verification of the system using standard samples.
3. Image processing to enable high throughput of large datasets.

:
Strong computer programming skills (Java and C++ will be very helpful)
Some hardware experience
:
:
'
:
'
:
1. Optical Microscopy
Michael W.Davidson and Mortimer Abramowitz
The Florida State University
www.microscopy.fsu.edu/primer/index.html
2. Any image processing textbook. There are many tutorials on the web.

76

Atomic Force Microsocpy

:
We have recently acquired an atomic force microscope (AFM), which is completely open
source for both software and hardware. The goal of this project is to design and implement
improvements to this system.
:
This project will include some or all of the following:
1. Redesign of the optical microscope so that cells can be visualized optically before attempting
the AFM scan.
2. Integration of the optical microscope outut inot the Labview AFM interface so improve the
automated approach module.
3. Development of algorithms for optimization of the instrument control parameters.

There are man other possibilities.

:
Strong computer programming skills (Java and C++ will be very helpful
Ability to work in the Labview environment.
Introduction to Control Theory
:
:
'
:
'
:
1. Optical Microscopy
Michael W.Davidson and Mortimer Abramowitz
The Florida State University
www.microscopy.fsu.edu/primer/index.html
2. Any image processing textbook. There are many tutorials on the web.
3. http://www.afmworkshop.com/atomic-force-microscope-animated-tutorial.php

77

Human gait synchronization

:
To study and quantify the factors that contribute to and effect gait synchronization in humans.
Recent studies have shown that about half of walking pairs unconsciously synchronize their
gait. This project will involve conducting experiments under various feedback and other
conditions on walking pairs while collecting stride data and then analyzing that data for
synchrony.
:
:
Knowledge of mathematical techniques for assessing synchrony between signals. Ability to
program and implement these methods.
:
:
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:
1. Ari Z. Zivotofsky and Jeffrey M. Hausdorff, The sensory feedback mechanisms
enabling couples to walk synchronously: An initial investigation. JNER (Journal of
NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation), 4(1):28 (August 8, 2007).
2. Ari Z. Zivotofsky, Leor Gruendlinger, Jeffrey M. Hausdorff. Modality-specific
communication enabling gait synchronization during over-ground side-by-side
walking, Human Movement Science, 31:5(Oct. 2012) 1268-1285.

78

DNA .
Develop computational tools for the analysis of Antibody DNA sequences.
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1. The Neuron: Cell and Molecular Biology, Irwin B. Levitan, Leonard K. Kaczmarek, Oxford
University Press USA, ISBN-10: 0195100212
2. Central nervous system regeneration: from leech to opossum, M. Mladinic, K. J. Muller and J.
G. Nicholls, Journal of Physiology 587(12), pp 2775

80

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1. The Neuron: Cell and Molecular Biology, Irwin B. Levitan, Leonard K. Kaczmarek, Oxford
University Press USA, ISBN-10: 0195100212
2. Central nervous system regeneration: from leech to opossum, M. Mladinic, K. J. Muller and J.
G. Nicholls, Journal of Physiology 587(12), pp 2775
3. Non Linear Dynamic anc Chaos, Steven H. Strogatz, Perseus Books.
4. Non Linear Dynamics and Chaos by Strogatz.

81

 9 :

Electrode Design for stulating and recording neural activity
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1. www.comsol.com
2. The Neuron, Irwin Levitan, Leon Kaczmarek, Oxford University Press, 1997
3. Biological System Identification with Artificial Neural Networks , Chapter 1 , Introduction to
neuro- physiology , Master thesis by Pini Tandeitnik 1995
) ( http://www.ee.bgu.ac.il/~pinit/Models/thesis/full/thesis.zip

82


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' alexander.fish@biu.ac.il
' Doron.Naveh@biu.ac.il
' chellyr@gmail.com

84

85

: 1

Optical and electrical characterization of nano-electronic devices
:
The characterization of devices via electrical, optical and spectroscopic measurements is a
multidisciplinary discipline that requires knowledge in optics, physics, electrical engineering
and programing. Methods of characterization relevant to our work include I-V and C-V
measurements, photocurrent spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, photoluminescence
spectroscopy, scanning Kelvin probe and atomic force microscopy. Some of the methods
require script development within LabView interface.
:
,LabView
:

:
:
/
:
'
:
F. Xia, T. Mueller, R. Golizadeh-Mojarad, M. Freitag, Y.-M. Lin, J. Tsang, V. Perebeinos,
and P. Avouris, Photocurrent Imaging and Efcient Photon Detection in a Graphene
Transistor, Nano Lett. Vol. 9, pp. 1039-1044 (2009)

86

: 2

Simulation and theoretical investigation of advanced nano-electronic devices
:
The design of nano-scaled devices, where electron mean free path may be of the order of the
device length, is an emerging discipline. The goal of the project is to predict successful design
of advanced devices, including single electron transistors and tunneling field effect transistors.
:
,Matlab
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'
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Lessons from Nanoelectronics: A New Perspective on Transport, S. Datta, (World
Scientific, Singapore, 2012).

87

: 3

Fabrication methods of advanced nano-electronic devices
:
The challenge in fabrication of advanced nano-electronic devices is inversely proportional to
the feature size of the device. In our group we work with one atom thick devices, from
graphene and related materials. This challenge is in the forefront of science and technology.
Among the methods we are developing are doping, band-gap engineering and the creation of
heterostructures and interfaces.
:
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88

: 4
.) DPA(
New Methods against DPA Attacks for Cryptographic Devices
:
Study of Cryptographic devices techniques and algorithms
Study of Side-Channel Atacks abilities and countermeasures
Survey of currently countermeasures methods against side-channel attacks, emphasizing
DPA attacks.
Design of DPA attack system of a cryptographic device based on CMOS logic
Develop and design new methods using digital simulations for increasing significantly the
immunity against DPA attacks (e.g., new logic families, random tools etc.)
:
:
Cadence/Spice, Matlab, Probability/Digital systems/Digital circuits courses (high grades),
cryptography\DSP courses -advantage
:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

:

:
'
:
J. M. Rabaey, A. P. Chandrakasan and B. Nikolic, Digital integrated circuits, Prentice
hall Englewood Cliffs, 2002.
P. Kocher, J. Jaffe and B. Jun, Differential power analysis, in Advances in CryptologyCRYPTO99, pp. 388-397, 1999.
Y. Zhang, L. T. Yang and J. Chen, RFID and Sensor Networks: Architectures, Protocols,
Security, and Integrations, Taylor & Francis, 2010.
W. Rankl and W. Effing, Smart Card Handbook, Wiley, 2004.
K. Finkenzeller and D. Muller, RFID Handbook: Fundamentals and Applications in
Contactless Smart Cards, Radio Frequency Identification and Near-Field
Communication, Wiley, 2010.
D. R. Stinson, Cryptography: Theory And Practice, Chapman & Hall/CRC, 2006.
S. Mangard, E. Oswald and and T. Popp, Power analysis attacks: Revealing the secrets of
smart cards, Springer Science Business Media, 2007.

89

 5 :
()SRAM
Determination and optimization of data retention voltage of SRAM
:
SRAM ' .
, ( )standby .
, .

.
:
Cadence SRAM
.
.

.
:
VLSI
:
:

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'
:
[1] Hulfang Qin, Yu Cao, D. Markovic, A. Vladimirescu and J. Rabaey. SRAM leakage suppression by
minimizing standby supply voltage. Presented at Quality Electronic Design, 2004. Proceedings. 5th International
Symposium On. 2004, .
[2] Jiajing Wang, A. Singhee, R. A. Rutenbar and B. H. Calhoun. Two fast methods for estimating the minimum
standby supply voltage for large SRAMs. Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems, IEEE
Transactions On 29(12), pp. 1908-1920. 2010.
[3] Nourivand, A., Al-Khalili, A.J. & Savaria, Y. 2011, "Postsilicon Tuning of Standby Supply Voltage in
SRAMs to Reduce Yield Losses Due to Parametric Data-Retention Failures", Very Large Scale Integration
(VLSI) Systems, IEEE Transactions on, vol. PP, no. 99, pp. 1-1.

90

 6 :
eDRAM process variation- .yield
Sensitivity analysis of novel eDRAM cells
:
embedded DRAM
. SRAM eDRAM,
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:
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.
:
VLSI
:
:

:
'
:
[1]Teman, A.; Meinerzhagen, P.; Burg, A.; Fish, A., "Review and classification of gain cell eDRAM
implementations," Electrical & Electronics Engineers in Israel (IEEEI), 2012 IEEE 27th Convention of , vol.,
no., pp.1,5, 14-17 Nov. 2012
[2]Meinerzhagen, P.; Teman, A.; Mordakhay, A.; Burg, A.; Fish, A., "A sub-VT 2T gain-cell memory for
biomedical applications," Subthreshold Microelectronics Conference (SubVT), 2012 IEEE , vol., no., pp.1,3, 910 Oct. 2012

91

: 7
)DML(
Dual Mode Logic (DML) power vs. performance trade-off analysis
:
Modern applications require both low power consumption and high speed performance;
hence there is a need for new alternative logic, which will be capable of handling both
demands. The project concentrates on the DML Dual Mode Logic [1] that is actually an
efficient combination between both CMOS logic and the Dynamic logic. Circuit implemented
using DML will be able to operate in static and dynamic modes, which can be determined by
the user/designer. The static mode is characterized by low power consumption and moderate
performance, while the dynamic mode consumes more power and provides a performance
boost.
The project should examine the power gating [2] integration into the existent Dual Mode
Logic, while the goal is to extend its power-performance flexibility by introducing an addition
ultra-low stand-by power state, which supplements the traditional static and dynamic states.
The ultra-low power state is intended to consume as less power as possible (with/without data
retention). Additional design variables, such as sizing and multi-threshold voltages (MVT) are
also should be reviewed.
The project should include a characteristic benchmark design to evaluate the design
variables optimization, which is rolled out by an Energy-Delay framework analysis [3].
:
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.Cadence Virtuoso . power gating -
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:
:
'
:
'
:
1. Levi, I.; Fish, A., "Dual Mode LogicDesign for Energy Efficiency and High
Performance," Access, IEEE , vol.1, no., pp.258,265, 2013.
2. Shin, Youngsoo, et al. "Power gating: Circuits, design methodologies, and best practice for
standard-cell vlsi designs." ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems
(TODAES) 15.4 (2010): 28.
3. Rabaey, Jan M. Low power design essentials. Springer, 2009.

92

 8 :

Memristors for High DR in image sensors
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93

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Modeling memristors
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95

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Digital (LECL) LOW ENERGY CAP LOGIC
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Power Gating Inter Connect
Energy reduction in logic Power Gating structures and Inter-Connect
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Sub-Threshold-
Design of Analog Circuits in Sub-threshold
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101

: 16
SOIPAM -
Process and device simulations of a new electro optical device:
Silicon On Insulator Photo Activated Modulator (SOIPAM)
:
Simulation of the processing and device 2D and 3D structure using the state-of-the art
Crosslight TCAD software (Csuprem).
Simulation of the electrical and electro-optical characteristics using the state-of-the
Crosslight TCAD software (AppSys).

:
:
Electronic Devices 83-307
Microelectronics Processes 83-330
Solid State Devices 83-331
:
:
'
:
.'
:
1. "Device Electronics for Integrated Circuits" by R.S. MULLER, T.I. KAMINS and M.
CHAN, 3rd edition, John Wiley and Sons (2003)
2. "Silicon VLSI Technology: Fundamentals, Practice and Modeling" by J.D.
PLUMMER, M.D. DEAL, P.B. GRIFFIN, Prentice Hall (2000)
3. http://www.hindawi.com/journals/apec/2012/276145/
4. http://www.crosslight.com

102

103

: 17
MOS
Advanced MOS capacitor fabrication and characterization
:
Fabrication of new thin dielectrics (HfO2, Al2O3) MOS capacitors structures
using up-to-date ALD and sputtering metallization techniques at Bar Ilan Nano
center.
Electrical characterization and leakage Analysis
Set-up of the "charge pumping" technique: advanced characterization of surface states
using a high level Pulse Generator.
Reliability tests: Temperature, Bias Stress,

:
:
Microelectronics Processes 83-330
Solid State Devices 83-331
Electronic Devices 83-307
:

:
'
:
.
:

"Device Electronics for Integrated Circuits" by R.S. MULLER, T.I. KAMINS and M.
CHAN, 3rd edition, John Wiley and Sons (2003)

"MOS Physics and Technology", by E.H. Nicollian Wiley Interscience (1982)

5. Keithley Technical Manual SCS-4200 (2004)

104

: 18
NROM
Study of NROM Non volatile Memory Chip

:
Improvements of read/write/erase algorithm of a real industrial NROM flash memory
device using a dual pulse generator.
I-V characteristics using an Advanced Parameter Analyzer System.
Reliability aspects write/erase cycling - time to failure analysis and testing.
LabviewTM platform environment.

:
:

Electronic Devices 83-307

Microelectronics Processes 83-330
Solid State Devices 83-331
:
) Spansion ( ' - ) (Saifun Spansion
:
)' (
:
.
:
6. "Nonvolatile Semiconductor Memory Technology: A Comprehensive Guide to
Understanding and Using NVSM Devices" edited by William D. Brown, University of
Arkansas, and Joe E. Brewer, Northrop Grumman Corp, John Wiley & Sons (1998)
7. "MOS Physics and Technology", by E.H. Nicollian Wiley Interscience (1982).
8. http://www.spansion.com/about/Pages/About.aspx
9. http://www.freepatentsonline.com/7808818.html

105

: 19
HBT -
Characterization of an ultra fast Hetero junction Bipolar Transistor (HBT)
:
DC Electrical characteristics of a real industrial HBT device (SiGe) with an advanced
Parameter Analyzer system.
Analysis ans model Simulation of the I-V characteristics
TCAD model simulation of the device
S-parameters measurements using a Vector Signal Analyzer (RF domain)

:
:

Electronic Devices 83-307

Microelectronics Processes 83-330
Solid State Devices 83-331
:
. (RIO systems Ltd.) "
:
'
:
.
:
1. "ULSI devices" by C. CHANG and S. SZE, John Wiley and Sons (2000)
10. "Device Electronics for Integrated Circuits" by R.S. MULLER, T.I. KAMINS and M.
CHAN, 3rd edition, John Wiley and Sons (2003)
11. www.synopsys.com/Tools/TCAD/Pages/hbtprocessing.aspx

106

: 20
SOI
Simulation of ultrathin channel SOI MOSFETs
:
Simulation of the processing and device 2D and 3D structure using the state-of-the art
Crosslight TCAD software (Csuprem).
Simulation of the electrical characteristics using the state-of-the Crosslight TCAD
software (AppSys).

:
:
Electronic Devices 83-307
Microelectronics Processes 83-330
Solid State Devices 83-331
:
)" (
:
'
:
'
:
2. "ULSI devices" by C. CHANG and S. SZE, John Wiley and Sons (2000)
12. "Device Electronics for Integrated Circuits" by R.S. MULLER, T.I. KAMINS and M.
CHAN, 3rd edition, John Wiley and Sons (2003)
13. http://www.hindawi.com/journals/apec/2013/801634/
14. www.crosslight.com

107



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108

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' eli.kolberg@biu.ac.il
' wimers@eng.biu.ac.il
' kereno@eng.biu.ac.il
' rgranot@zahav.net.il
' abramovbeni@gmail.com
amsaler@eng.biu.ac.il
moshedoron@gmail.com
Baruch.Kaufman@biu.ac.il

109

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]1] Rafael C. Gonzalez, Richard E. Woods, Digital Image Processing 3rd Edition, 2007.
[2] S. Baranov, Logic Synthesis for Control Automata, Kluwer Academic Pub, 1994.

111

 2 :

:

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.
. .MatLab -
.
.
:
, (-)CPU architecture ,
:
:

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]1] Rafael C. Gonzalez, Richard E. Woods, Digital Image Processing 3rd Edition, 2007.
[2] S. Baranov, Logic Synthesis for Control Automata, Kluwer Academic Pub, 1994.

112

 3 :
Floating point co-processor
:

:
.
VERILOG
, ( .)FPGA
PC- .
:
, CPU architecture , ( VERILOG )VHDL
:
:

:
'
:
]1] J. Hennesy and D. Patterson, Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach, 5th
Edition, Morgan Kauffman, 2009
[2] S. Baranov, Logic Synthesis for Control Automata, Kluwer Academic Pub, 1994.
[3] P. J. Ashenden The Designer's Guide to VHDL, 2nd Edition, Morgan Kaufmann.
Publishers, San Francisco, 1995.

113

: 4
KSL
Design and Development of Humanoid robotic soccer team for RoboCup Kid Size league
:
TM
RoboCup is an international research and education initiative. Its goal is to foster artificial
intelligence and robotics research by providing a standard problem where a wide range of
technologies can be examined and integrated.
The main focus of the RoboCup activities is competitive soccer.
In this league, autonomous robots with a human-like body plan and human-like senses play
soccer against each other. Dynamic walking, running, and kicking the ball while maintaining
balance, visual perception of the ball, other players, and the field, self-localization, and team
play are among the many issues investigated in the Humanoid League.
:
The students will design the hardware and software, according to kid size rules, and will
implement the following functions: walking and gait, ball identification (vision), stop at the
ball, kicking towards the goal, obstacle avoidance, optimization, localization (vision),
mapping, communication among robots and between the host and the robots, goalie behavior,
calibration, states analysis and decision making.
Architecture: Actuation level, Reaction level, Behavior level. In addition a simulation will be
developed in order to save time and resources
:
Digital Logic Systems, Advanced Logic Design, Digital signal processing 1, Microcomputer
design, Embedded Systems Design
:
:

:
'
:
1. H. Moballegh, M. Mohajer, R. Rojas: Increasing foot clearance in biped walking: Independence of body
vibration amplitude from foot clearance. In: L. Iocchi, H. Matsubara, A. Weitzenfeld, C. Zhou, editors, RoboCup
2008: Robot Soccer World Cup XII, LNCS. Springer, 2008.
2. McGeer, T. Passive dynamic walking. In: International Journal of Robotics Research 9(2):62-82, 1990.
3. S. H.,Wisse, M., Ruina, A. A Three-Dimensional Passive-Dynamic Walking Robot with Two Legs and
Knees, Collins, In: International Journal of Robotics Research, Vol. 20, No. 2, Pages 607-615, 2001
4. Haruna, M., Ogino, M., Hosoda, K. and Minour, A., Yet another humanoid walking - Passive dynamic
walking with torso under a simple control In: Int. Conference on intelligent robots and system, 2001
5. Sven Behnke, Jrgen Mller, Michael Schreiber: Toni: A Soccer Playing Humanoid Robot. In: RoboCup
2005: 59-704.
6. Asano F. and Yamakita M. Virtual Gravity and Coupling Control for Robotic Gait Synthesis. In: IEEE Trans.
on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Part A: Systems and Humans, Vol. 31, No. 6, pp. 737-745, November 2001
7. Laowattana D., et al.: Team KMUTT, Team description paper. Robocup 2009, Humanoid League (2009)
8. Sawasdee, W., Kulvanit, P., and Maneewarn, T., Locomotion Control Scheme for Fast Walking Humanoid
Soccer Robot, International Conference on Climbing and Walking Robots, CLAWAR, 2007

114

: 5
SSL
Design and Development of robotic soccer team for RoboCup Small Size League
:
RoboCupTM is an international research and education initiative. Its goal is to foster artificial
intelligence and robotics research by providing a standard problem where a wide range of
technologies can be examined and integrated.
The main focus of the RoboCup activities is competitive soccer.
In this league, autonomous robots with a human-like body plan and human-like senses play
soccer against each other. Dynamic walking, running, and kicking the ball while maintaining
balance, visual perception of the ball, other players, and the field, self-localization, and team
play are among the many issues investigated in the Humanoid League. The vision is
implemented by a camera mounted on the ceiling that broadcast to team's host computer. The
computer analyzes the current state in real time and send commands to relevant robots.
:
The students will design the hardware and software, according to small size rules, and will
implement the following functions: omnidirection movement, ball identification (vision), stop
at the ball, dribbling with the ball, kicking towards the goal, obstacle avoidance, optimization,
localization (vision), mapping, communication among robots and between the host and the
robots, goalie behavior, calibration, states analysis and decision making. High level of AI is
required.
Architecture: Actuation level, Reaction level, Behavior level.
The project involves design and building of robots with processors matrix in the environment
of Compute Unified, Device Architecture (CUDA), for the sake of real time image
processing and FPGA environment for command processing.
:
VHDL, CPU architecture, Digital Logic Systems, Embedded Systems, Image processing
:
:

:
'
:
[1] S. Zickler, T. Laue, O. Birbach, M. Wongphati and M. Veloso, SSL-Vision: The Shared Vision System for
the RoboCup Small Size League, RoboCup 2009: Robot Soccer World Cup XIII, Lecture Notes in Computer
Science, 2010, Volume 5949/2010, 425-436
[2] R. Nakanishi, J. Bruce, K. Murakami, T. Naruse and M. Veloso, Cooperative 3-Robot Passing and
Shooting in the RoboCup Small Size League, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2007, Volume
4434/2007, 418-425
[3] P. J. Ashenden, The Designer's Guide to VHDL, 2nd Edition, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, San Francisco,
1995.
[4] R.C. Gonzales and R. E. Woods, Digital Image Processing, Pearson Education, New Jersey, 2008

115

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:
11

Planning and Implementation of Real-Time Android Application Integrating with
Electric Car Command and Control Systems
:
Creation of an intelligent platform to run on a tablet device as the main point of interaction of the
driver with his completely electric and partially autonomous vehicle.
Project Team: Two students, 12 months period, 450 working hours each.
:
1. Study
o Evaluate existing hardware interfaces to the car's OBC (On-Board Computer) and
other platforms and kits for connection to vehicle information provided functionality
and interface. Understand all possible options.
o Evaluate existing wireless HW OBC interface platforms and their options for later
categorization, reference and selection
o Study Android application design tools
o Study Samsung Galaxy Note 10.1 tablet and OS base functionality
o Study 3rd party interfaces (Waze, phone, Android Day Planner/Google Calendar)
towards future integration
2. Define
o Choose HW OBC interface to be used
o GUI: Define functionality that will be offered on different screens
3. Perform
o Stage I: Integration. Establish ability to access logs from OBC to ascertain, integrate
and implement available information
OBC logs and real-time data
3rd party systems such as maps (including extended vehicle group
information), scheduler, phone
o Stage II: Connection.
Establish a direct connection to all points of vehicle control and functionality
to verify ability to directly control secondary sub-systems such as turn signals
and windshield wipers
Interact with above-mentioned 3rd party systems
o Stage III: Implementation and QA
Demonstration of working system
Quality Assurance
4. Complete Documentation Set - Specification, Architecture, Test Program code, Test results.
5. Project Presentation

:
RTOS -

Android ,linux
:
Electrical-Vehicle-Evolution.com
:

:

:

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Secure Asynchronous on-chip Data Transfer
:
Scope:
Security is a two-fold problem:
a. Making the data unreadable to unauthorized people.
b. Protecting the Hardware that process the data, from malicious attacks. This project is focused on
designing reliable and secure on-chip asynchronous data transfer.

Project Team: Two students, 12 months period, 450 working hours each.
:
1. Definition & Planning Get familiar with:
a. On-chip asynchronous data transfer methods.
b. The security problem and state-of-the-art countermeasures, based on use of robust codes.
2. Simulation in Matlab Implement the asynchronous data transmission protocol, the coding
schemes and evaluate the performance.
Perform a set of tests to verify correct functionality of the data transfer mechanism, the coder
and the system as a whole.
3. High level design Architecture design. Write the system specifications documents and
prepare it for a design review.
4. Implementation Coding in Verilog. Emphasis will be given to correct programming
(following coding conventions and proper documentation).
5. Verification Create Verification environment to prove the concept.
6. Implement the Design on an FPGA-Based Board and verify correct operation.
7. Documentation..

:
Matlab , , ",
:
:
'
:
'
:
TBD

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Secure Scan Chain
:
Scope:
Implementing Research Project, targeted to protect Data Processing Hardware from malicious
attacks, gaining access through the Scan Chain circuit.
The design will block this security breach.
The protecting circuit will be incorporated into the BIU 32bit MIPS Processor. The integrated
system will undergo security check to verify correct operation / security level.

Project Team: Two students, 12 months period, 450 working hours each.
:
6. Definition & Planning Get familiar with: a. On-chip asynchronous data transfer methods.
b. The security problem and state-of-the-art countermeasures, based on use of robust codes.
7. Simulation in Matlab Implement the asynchronous data transmission protocol, the coding
schemes and evaluate the performance.
Perform a set of tests to verify correct functionality of the data transfer mechanism, the coder
and the system as a whole.
8. High level design Architecture design. Write the system specifications documents and
prepare it for a design review.
9. Implementation Coding in Verilog. Emphasis will be given to correct programming
(following coding conventions and proper documentation).
10. Verification Create Verification environment to prove the concept.
11. Implement the Design on an FPGA-Based Board and verify correct operation.
12. Documentation.

:
Matlab , , ",
:
:
"
:
'
:
1. MIPS Processor User's Manual
2. Cadence Incisive simulator and RC synthesis tool

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: 14

Multi-bit Flip-Flop
:
Scope:
Implementing Research Project, targeted to reduce power consumption of VLSI Devices.
It will be accomplished by designing 2-bits and 4-bits Flip-Flops (saving in driver), in gate
level RTL. Verify performance and functionality by integrating Data-Driven Clock Gating
and Multi-bit Flip-Flops, in BIU 32bit MIPS Processor. Synthesizing the verified Gate-Level
RTL Design by replacing regular FF library cells with Multi-bit Flip-Flops.
Project Team: Two students, 12 months period, 450 working hours each.
:
1. Define Requirements write Specifications.
2. Define the 2-bits and 4-bits Flip-Flops Architecture.
3. High-Level Design.
4. Low-Level Design.
5. Coding in Verilog, running Simulations, debug.
6. Integrate the 2/4-bits Flip-Flops and the Data-Driven Clock Gating in the MIPS
Processor design and verify functionality in Verilog simulator.
7. Run synthesis with given cell library, by replacing FF library cells with Multi-bit
Flip-Flops.
8. Complete Documentation Set - Specification, Architecture, Verilog code, Test
Program code, Test results, synthesis report, Project Book.
9. Project Presentation.
:
MIPS Architecture, Verilog, Digital & Logic Systems
:
:
, :
:
'
:
1. MIPS Processor User's Manual
2. Cadence Incisive simulator and RC synthesis tool

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Random Number Generator

:
Scope:
Implementing Research Project, targeted to design a core that generate random numbers,
based on random behavior of halted Buzzer.
It will be accomplished by designing special registers and be tested to verify the randomness
of the generated series of bits. To be implemented on a FPGA Board.
Project Team: Two students, 12 months period, 400 working hours each.
:
Define Requirements write Specifications.
Define the Randomizer Architecture.
High-Level Design.
Low-Level Design.
Coding in Verilog, running Simulations, debug.
Implement the Design on an FPGA-Based Board and verify correct operation.
Complete Documentation Set - Specification, Architecture, Verilog code, FPGA
mapping, Test Program code, Test results, Project Book.
8. Project Presentation.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

:
MIPS Architecture, Verilog, Digital & Logic Systems
:
:
,
:
'
:
1. Cadence Incisive simulator
2. Altera Quartos II EDA Tutorials
3. Altera DE2-115 FPGA Board User's Manual

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: 16
MIPS

Enhanced MIPS Processor

:
Scope:
Enhance the capabilities of the current basic 32bit MIPS by extending its instruction set,
adding stack and cache, interrupt support, write Assembler Compiler that handle data hazards
in the processor pipeline and Interrupt Service Routines (ISR). This extended MIPS will be
used for exercises and research. Option for adding smart multipliers (Arithmetic's Course
students).
Project Team: Two students, 12 months period, 400 working hours each.
:
Define Requirements write Specifications.
Define Architecture and the Instruction Set.
High-Level Design.
Low-Level Design.
5. Coding in Verilog, running Simulations, debug.
1.
2.
3.
4.

6. Write Assembler Compiler, supporting the Enhanced Instruction Set, ISR, stack and cache.
7. Implement the Design on an FPGA-Based Board and verify correct operation.

8. Complete Documentation Set - Specification, Architecture, Verilog code, FPGA

mapping, Compiler Program & source code, Test Program code, Test results.
9. Project Presentation.
:
MIPS Architecture, Verilog, Digital & Logic Systems, Assembler
:
:

:
'
:
1. MIPS Architecture
2. Altera Quartus II Tutorial
3. Altera DE2-115 FPGA Board

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