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Full Annealing: Austenitizing and then cooling at a rate such that the hardness
of the product approaches a minimum.
Carbon Restoration: Replacing the carbon lost in the surface layer from
previous processing by carburizing this layer to substantially the original
carbon level.
Case: 1) The surface layer of an iron-base alloy that has been suitably altered
in composition and can be made substantially harder than the interior or core
by a process of case hardening; and 2) the term case is also used to
designate the hardened surface layer of a piece of steel that is large enough
to have a distinctly softer core or center.
Cold Treatment: Exposing to suitable subzero temperatures for the purpose of
obtaining desired conditions or properties, such as dimensional or
microstructural stability. When the treatment involves the transformation of
retained austenite, it is usually followed by a tempering treatment.
Core: 1) The interior portion of an iron-base alloy that after case hardening is
substantially softer than the surface layer or case; and 2) the term core is also
used to designate the relatively soft central portion of certain hardened tool
steels.
Hardenability: In a ferrous alloy, the property that determines the depth and
distribution of hardness induced by quenching.
Quenching: Rapid cooling. When applicable, the following more specific terms
should be used: Direct Quenching, Fog Quenching, Hot Quenching,
Interrupted Quenching,
Temper Carbon: The free or graphitic carbon that comes out of solution
usually in the form of rounded nodules in the structure during Graphitizing or
Malleablizing.
Temper Brittleness: Brittleness that results when certain steels are held within,
or are cooled slowly through, a certain range of temperatures below the
transformation range. The brittleness is revealed by notched-bar impact tests
at or below room temperature.