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Igneous Rock Associations 8.

Arc Magmatism II: Geochemical and Isotopic Characteristics


J. Brendan Murphy

Abstract
Geochemical and isotopic data Provide insights into the origin and evolution of magmatism found at destructive plate margins. Tholeiitic magmas are dominant in the early stages of oceanic island-arc genesis and calc-alkalic magmas are MOST common in mature oceanic arcs and continental arcs in Where They May ranks from basalt to rhyolite in composition, Including voluminous intermediate (andesitic) rocks. Experiments SUGGEST That calcalkalic mafic magmas are Formed by melting of a hydrated mantle wedge and Undergo low pressure fractional crystallization under nearH2O saturated conditions. Intermediate to felsic magmas are derived in a wide variety of ways, Including the fractionation of a more mafic parent, mixing betweens mafic and felsic magmas (a process supported, in many cases, by field and textural evidence), crustal contamination, or partial melting of the crust. All thesis APPEAR processes to take place to some degree, in arc systems, altho in Any Given arc system, one mechanism May predominate. Arc-related calc-alkalic and tholeiitic basalts Typically show moderate degrees of light-Rare-earth element (LREE ) enrichment, and flat heavy Rare-earthelement (HREE) profiles, indicating indication an origin in a shallow (spinel lherzolite) mantle. More Evolved magmas exhibit Eu anomalies consist with low pressure plagioclase fractionation. Compared to within-plate settings, tholeiitic and calc-alkalic arc magmas Have lower abundances in high-field-strength (HFS) Elements, possibly Because thesis Elements are bound falling on the accessory phases in the mantle wedge, and are steady falling on partial melting. Compared to arc tholeiites, calc-alkalic magmas Have higher abundances of incompatible broad ion lithophile (LIL) Elements reflecting enrichment in the mantle wedge source. This characteristic depletion in HFS, and enrichment in LIL, elements in arc magmas is the Basis for a variety of discrimination diagrams. These diagrams constrain processes operating in modern and ancient arc systems and include chondrite-normalized, normalized and MORB-mantle-normalized spidergrams, All which are Characterized by jagged patterns of track-element abundances (in contrast to the smooth Relatively patterns of within-plate suites .) Some arc suites Have depleted initial 143Nd/144Nd and initial 87Sr/86Sr than the bulk earth, and are similar to MORB lower. Other suites Have enriched isotopic patterns consist with the impact of subducted oceanic sediments on the composition of the magma. Samarium-Nd and Rb-Sr isotopic studies can be used to Distinguish betweens felsic magmas derived from fractional crystallization of a more mafic parents (Would Have All which similar values) and Those derived from the melting of ancient crust. SUMMARY The geochemical and isotopic data provide indications as to the origin and evolution of subduction magmatism margins of tectonic plates. Tholeiitic magmas are mainly in the early stages of formation of oceanic island arcs, although they are mainly calc-alkaline during the terminal stages of oceanic island arcs and in continental island arc, where their composition can range from basalt to rhyolite, including large volumes of rocks intermediate composition (andesite). Experiments suggest that the calc-alkaline mafic magmas are formed by the fusion of a hydrated mantle wedge undergoing fractionated low pressure conditions near saturation in H2O crystallization. Magmas intermediate to felsic composition result from a variety of mechanisms, including splitting a more mafic rock, the mixture of felsic and mafic magmas (mechanisms highlighted by field data and textural analysis), contamination crustal or partial melting of the crust. All of these mechanisms seem to occur, at least partially, within island arcs, but one of them may be the predominant mechanism of any particular system of island arcs.Typical moderate enrichment of calc-alkaline basalts and

tholeiitic island arc of light earth elements (LREE) rare and the flat profile of their content of heavy rare earth elements (HREE) are indicators of a shallow mantle source (iherzolithe spinel). The most advanced magmas show Eu anomalies, consistent with fractionation of plagioclase at low temperatures. Compared to those of intra-plate settings, tholeiitic and calc-alkaline magmas in island arcs have lower content elements field strength, perhaps because they are linked in the accessory phases in the mantle wedge, and are stable during the phase of partial melting. Compared to island arc tholeiites, calc-alkaline magmas have higher content lithophile elements incompatible major ionic fields, which reflects an enrichment in the mantle wedge source. This characteristic elements depletion high field strength (HFS) and the enrichment of large ion lithophile elements fields (LIL) of island arc magmas form the basis of a variety of patterns of discrimination.These diagrams are used to specify the processes involved in modern and ancient island arc systems and include radial diagrams normalized to chondrite for oceanic ridge basalts (MORB) and the mantle, which characterized by its irregular angular profiles curves trace element content (in contrast with the relatively regular patterns of intra-cratonic suites). Some suites of island arcs show initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios 143Nd/144Nd impoverished and lower than the current global value, that are similar to those of basalts ocean ridges. Other suites have enriched isotope profiles, which corresponds to an influence of ocean sediments subducts the composition of the magma. The samariumnodymium studies and rubidium-strontium can be used to differentiate between felsic magmas from a split of a more mafic rock (which show similar values) crystallization and those from the fusion of ancient crust.

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