The Craftsman - 1903 - 12 - December

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Contents
The Swred
Sermons
for December
9%
13rictks- Ihstr:Ltrtl : the Tl~irteentli, Eourtemtll
INIS
(AR>-I, (OI,I.MAN III,LIS II.\RYKT
(li~~l~ers-rllllstr:ltcd
iii Suit-1 hid iht
Ihc Sil\-crsiriitlis
The Ille
\\ork
of l~olwrt
i\ltS and
*Jar\-ie: an Appreciation ClXftS : Their College with leasmt I:i~il~~oide~~-Illustrated Aims

:Llltl
I I iligli;ui~
Objwt s - Illwtr:hd c. CIIIssrER I..\SIS
Art-i\cedlcvork Stenciled Iahrics
in Sewum~l~
in Coinbintttion
Ilic Alpldwt The Child
of lkcor:~tive lknefited
Art -1lhtr:hd ToysIllr~str:rtrtl JAW13 I. MILSNICR
by Simple lork
~r:~ftsinniisllip Chile sates Correspondence from
in the Sew
scl~ools - Ill~~str~~Ld
the Craftsman
1\orlisllol)
f the oldest, most firmly eatabllshed and beat eqn,,,~ arding schools for boys. Eleven hundred feet above ma lewd, in the healtlaful, beautiful and bistorir educational of Gumbier.
Military
Academy
80th Year
THE,
Regular preparation.
CATHERINE,
expense, fsm. Special All musical the advantages opportunities.
L.
of New A
MALTBY
York city. Thorough school Number life. limited. delightful
SCHOOL
instruction. Liberal Fourteenth NEW College privileges. year. YORK
European
160
summer
travel.
Vacation
STREET.
visits to Washington,
BROOKLYN
etc.
JORALEMON
HEIGHTS.
HEPAPERUSEDTHROUGHOUT THE CRAFTSMAN"

is made especially to our order, and illustrates a few of the many high grade printing papers manufactured by
DILL& COLLINS COMPANY, PAPERMAKERS, PHILADELPHIA
For
ARTISTIC
WOOD-CARVING
the Library
CRAFTS SERIES
and
the Shop
Director nE the London City Crafts. and Professor of De-
Edited by W. R. LETHABY. Council School of Arts and siin at South Kensindtoo
Rrhtiomhi),
Collotype
A Cornpl~fe Alnnual of the Carwers Art, with its : De&& and Workmanship. bith I>rawings by the Author. Sixteen to IVntur-c trod to rlrchitcrtur-e. Hy GEOKGEJACK.
and other Illustrations. I2ITl. Half-houn~l, $I,.+ net
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SUBJECTS out,
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the arts developetl or potters to treat use of the clay,
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tion .
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THE
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THE
consequence, represented Apostles, viz. : that like conditions
CRAFTSMAN
proit and time it was first employed known ; it occurs, as early integral inscription following Thraso as the part of was epitaph demonstrates year in this way is not on inscriptions and forms an
duce like results.
In the first instance,
however, 268,
the sun and solar movement,
in the Iast Christ, the Corner-stone, the foundation venly Jerusalem. Just as the gammadion rative almost and a symbolic all, other esisted so did
and the
the same, even when the N-ritten in Latin, from the as the of Cemetery
stones of the Hea-
has both a decoas the of Ciphers; or more Sacred nothing ones; it or a a form
side, so have all, or before the the Sacred had one advent
Prima vivis in gloria Dei et in pace Domini Kostri. Prima, This primitive thou livest in the gIory was of great value of God, to the and in the peace of our Lord Jesus Christ. cipher Christians, as they were compelled expression from to their dogtheir in order to guard
ornaments ; just
ga~mmadion
Christianity, just significations among whatever
as the gmnmadion the Christians,
under paganism
and another
so had the having
when giving.pubIic mas, to use symbols, more sacred To change doctrine of their pagan of Constantine was necessary of the I (iota),
Ciphers ; the later meaning was not the outcome dev&pment, ity, but and the gift bolic value. In found could wisely lieved self. The first cipher tian was familiar circle, par the Sacred Ciphers simply of
to do with the previous or a paganizing the borrowing
the profanation into the Chrisnla AI1 that
a migration of
contemporaries. this cipher was an easy matter.
of Christiannew symChristians
to it of an absolutely the
was to add a loop to the top the middle spoke of the solarOne of
whcc1, and in this way create an abbreviation of the official name of the Holy Israel, a monogram (Christos), two letters: gram, days of formed by a union of the word SPICTOC of the first This prior monothe the to before
something
ready, at hand, which they abbreviations and they they beitCipher,
use as monogramatized employed that the
of the two names of the Master, them ; moreover,

LISC
the X and the I?. was in use long even
of
the Sacred
however,
the Chrisma,
was sanctioned
by Heaven
Constantine,
Christian used by the early Chrisa six-pointed confined star, a world as a symbolic within t.he amulet form parts, of they words the of Ptolemy practically to the pagan and when a.s a symbol found it to letters Christ its
era, for it is found upon the coins I, 323 B. C., and upon those of king Hippostratos, upon a coin Dccius, 130 B. C., struck the at in
to
the Bactrian Maconia persecutor anoint. after
and it also appears of
thunderbolt, excellence
in TAydia by
great
of the sun: a compendious Names ; for component of
the Christians.
It stood Xpq
of the Gauls,
but in it the when they
al1 these cases for the Greek word it became a part
Christian writing reduced found initial Jesus
It was first used by the Christians of the Iabarum and dream. of who placed of a vision of it upon his standIt is to was about
the Sacred
Constantine, ard because said that attack
it was a combination in Greek (Iqa&
of I and X, the the two Just
when
Constantine
Xp~&e).
the forces
Maxentius,
there ap-
SACRE1)
peared in the sky, at midday, his army, By the Chrisma with this Conquer. in sight the of
C.lPHERS
standard : Zabarzx. Constantine not only ensign, but
words: he had a
made the labarum the imperial insignia of the military
Subsequently it, as related
he also comm:rnded it to be used as the order of the Lnbari, instituted for times Alpha an organization
dream concerning
by Euse-
the defense of Christianity. In post-Constantinian the Sacred Cipher accompanied two words : by the was often
and Omega, in allusion to the
I am the Alpha the first and

in that way of of
end the Omega, the

A coin of (!onrt:mtino. On the lY!v,~rsP the lal,arn1n the
last,
Word
and
setting bius, Socrates writer
forth
the eternity
and the equality
; the latter says in the De Mortiks Iersecuthat Constantine was admonished sign of God the enemy.
and Lactantius
the Son with the Father:
Ihe stlme was in
torium
in sleep to mark the heavenly on the shields, and so to engage
the beginning with God. All things were ,mnde by him; and without him ZC~CIS made nothing thnt 7~1s made. Sometimes the
cipher was also combined with the letter N (nu), quer). union scriptions the initial Uoth with of the word N&a arc often (conin inciphers found
He did as he was bidden, and marked tile name of Christ on the shields, by the letter X drawn across them, with the top circumflexed. Whether or not this vision and dream are myths is of no moment, for the fact remains that Constantine caused with with a a cavalry standard set (vexillum) to be surmounted golden garland, stones, in the that he
this word
in decorations,
and upon various objects.
In addition to the above described ciphers
precious
ccntcr of which was placed the Chrisma, and further, adopted it as the imperial cn-
sign, and ordered it to be cnrricd at the head of his army, appointing fifty-two selected guard. origin, This not a and there is a third one, which is far more familiar, as it is employed to-day extensivein ecclesiastical and upon all kinds of church soldiers to act as the body a new word, probably but of foreign
standard was known as the labarum,
ly in church decorations, embroidery
derived from the Basque word for
SACRED
bridge, there is an English prayer-book of
ClPHERS
clcsiologists; of Siena the sermons largely of St. Bernardin contributed to on no doubt
1400 in which the name Jesus is often writ-
this preference, the completion in number, to his audiences,
as he was in the habit, of his discourses, and they bearing
to exhibit in-
were thousands this cipher
a board
ten i h c : at midday
oure lord ihc was nayled tweye thefis;

at CobEnglish; 15th century French; Mediaeval
on the roode betwixt

brass where the sigma
ham there is a pre-Reformation form of the Latin
palimpsest the
has been given
S : a vested priest is hold-
scribed in letters of gold, time, distributing among tablets or cards bearing
and, at the same the people small the same device.
It is not denied that the I H S may in some cases stand for the words lesus HOW
inum Salvator,
a period mounted sentation
The bottom of am Agapae third century glass;
but when so intended, I. H.
usualby
ly each of the first two letters is followed sign: by a cross, and beneath
S., or the II is sura repre-
of the three nails of the crucitlsof Jesus. demonSacred of the
ion, as may be seen in the well known arms or seal of the Company The strated foregoing the Greek has conclusively origin
ing a chalice and wafer; the words Esto in Ihs
on the chalice are and on the wafer reredos of accompanying of the Saviour, Christ)
Ihs ; at Venice on the movable the high altar of St. Marks, the figure XPS
are the abbreviations (Jesus many other examples be added

A Carnelian wul with the c~hri~mu and palm, the of ricsyrnhol tory; 4th ec~ntury
: II-IS ; and
could list
English: 15th ccrltury Medieaval MS.
to the above
from every part of mcdiaeval Christendom. The USC of the among IHS ecthat it ultimately
Ciphers ; and that, as soon as their symbolic value was recognized tians, they epitaphists and by the early until Chrisby the
211
cipher became so popular took precedence
were employed decorators;
extensively in
of the Chrisma
THE
the world, it was forgotten
CRAFTSMAN
best known of these Western secular ciphers is that of Charlemagne. To-day partments the use of the Sacred Ciphers is of ecclesiastical art, but too very much in vogue in all the various deoften they are wrongly used, and all be-
course of time, by constant use throughout that they were a contraction of Greek words, and they be-
Arms of the Conumny of Jesus
came mere symbols, which conveyed one and the same meaning to Christians of every nation and language. The Sacred Ciphers were so pleasing to the subtile minds of the Oriental Christians that they are seldom absent from Byzantine ecclesiastical ornamental sculpture, mosaics, illuminations, embroidery and metal work ; moreover, they led to the monogramatizing of many secular names, such as those of the Emperor Justinian and his wife Theodora, carved upon the capitals of the great columns of the nave of the church of Sancta Sophia at Constantinople.
The 1 H S used by St. Bernardin of Siena
cause many architects, designers and decorators are deeply ignorant of the first principles of ecclesiology, hence do not fear to walk where angels fear to tread.
ERMONS BRICKS. SPANISH HARVEY
IN SUN DRIED FROM THE OLD MISSIONS. ELLIS. BY
WHEN the earnest and God-fearing missionaries from Spain came among the Indians, in what was then Mexico, the least expected result of their embassy was tha,t their building of the places of worship known as the Missions would in the far
Ciphers
of .Jastinian
This custom of using secular monograms, as well as the Sacred Ciphers, in architectural decorations passed from the East to the West, and became a common usage at an early date all over Europe. The one
212
future make a lasting impression on modern architecture and give a simple, straightforward solution of an architectural lem not any too easy. These intricate prob-
Fathers, while remembering the embroideries of the Plateresque
_:_ ?
THE
been these made to design owing with to been the same spirit structures, that informs the suc-
CRAFTSMAN
over-sophistication, cess achieved estimated. particularly hood dences of Los
has only
In some instances, in the neighborAngeles, resistructures charm
and other
have been built of the old works. The solution ilem ture of based
that possess
much of the gracious
of the probarchitecbut in no sense in and of, the old Spanish personal type,
domestic upon,
Minsion of San Gabriel
architects applied curious spirit of
of Chicago, to domestic
who are really giving expression engineering. to note of art as It how is the by
servile imitation is to be found interesting
honest and purposeful in this
in the extremely
creations
of some of the younger
instance
the Renascence, Gothic
as expressed
these Fathers
of the missions,
and combined and appro-
with the curiously tion, has produced Mission Fathers,
trend of imaginawho since these
the splendid
priate art of Louis Sullivan, men in the United have comprehended architecture, forgotten
seems to be one of the few States, at all events, who the meaning words, of the word who have Franciscan spirit in of &he misbrought the tradiadopted and vital. of their of our
or in other
the schools and become architects with the good Serra, the moving
of equal ability Father Juniper0 the designing sions. The Spanish
and construction clerical
architects
with them from conditions country. strongly force,

Pala Belfry -216
their fatherland the face of their
tions of a building and
art suited to the climatic their works, although arose strong
Therefore, reminiscent,
Even to-day young
they have lost nothing
and are *worthy of the study architects.
S I I ,\I,ltSAI IIIIS
ART
T
TlIE Gl:KT.
GARI) x\Tk: Rl~:hI)ERs IS CIAT. TIIE JE.W TIIE
HE THE
SII,VERSJlIlHS THIRTEENTII, ANI) BY llLI,NIZ

CRal.Ts.\IAs
ART : FOTJRJEAN 11LOJl SAR11% EORT17TO OF \VITH TIIEIR TII Ic THAT 1~ORMED WHICH ART
.\sI.\I.\rk:s *rkiI;.
(RlTl(: \\1IOSIC IIIGII
HASTILY AIRI IS
TEENlH
PIFTEE~TlI
EST
CElllI3~IES. 1~RENCII BY
1HE
S(HOll~l%..
TlLANSIATlCl)
Is
Ixro
RENI)ERIXG EXGLISH,
AI.
s~:IlolII:I1s
sTt:m~s
,rII b: TII.\ssIjZ\7wIL I<I:ENI,Y

LOSS 01. so.\115 IOIL01. TlIr: AS ORIG-
III~:(:RKTS IION TSAI., XQUIVAT OF AS
rrru: SIc:(IcSS.\RY
TIIE ALSO VI:RIIz\I, TlIE FOR WIIICII, I,ATIS 21 lehleS
11llC EI,ln~lw OF
Tr1E~lSEI.VI.:S IIEISG TIIE AS \HI,I:.
13I:.hI~TY Oli
lECII,IART.Y TO OFFER IIIsIoRY l~:~llOIE:, lRhXiCIZ.,
.\IISl~S(Ia: THb:
~SGLISII \\yORI) DERIVED
1 ENT
lRl~scIr
r:STb:SD~I) ART TO IS
oI<v~v~<~IzzrJ, FIIOJI (TO (:OLD IIIRASE TIIK MAKE), ASI) IS
AJdTIIoI:GIr ((:Ol.I)) EQ17ALI.1 ;\SI) AVOIDS .\SI)
SII.VEI:S;\lITIIS Rk:I~~k:IIESC:E
SII,:m II>* MR. IS
F.1 \VOIlK
(10 IX
\VRITTLSS CRITIC, IIEGAX IROFITSEI.~
AIII.II-S SIT.VI:.R, A
To
I)ISTISG~1S11EI~ S,C.HOPIF.R. NoVI.:MIII:lI
IalIlsI.4s IlIE ISSIE SIcRIES \VITII OF OF TIIk: TIIE A
IIIE
IARATO
\VHIC:II
TlI.\SSI.ArOR
IS FOR(ED
IT,I,I~STIIXTI~::D E(CI,ESIASTICAI~ CESTCRY. SEC:OSD I)IsI.lL:IL IT DEALS OF
REVIE\V WORK FItI? TIIE
11E.417T1Il~I. TWELETH TIIE EVE:h SISCE
YRESEET PROPOSED TII.\?; A GREAT FOI:R, THE
PAPER, IS OF FIRST ;
A
it.
S we llavc :~Irwd~
inclicatcd
in
our
pre-
ceding article, the art of the worker in the precious metals ch:lnges with
lSrERI!!ST \VITH THE
the thirtecntli
cciitur_y : it
can not exist side imposing neighborrowing from of the of art. pointed At this arose
we find
.4R(:HITECTURAI~ CKSTI;RT, Ul1TIII~:I~AS~~~ THl< ADJITXiCT AsI) YET TO TIIE WIIICII OF AS11
l)y side with its opulent :d 11or, ,architecturc, without
PERIOD, ISFLuESCEI~ STRESGTII JxssI3~ T~IVISIoxs LISHEI), s311TIIs TkxxTII TIIE
T~IIRllill.STI1 TO I.11 E
ASI) ARTS. OF TIIE
AE.\I-TY, Trrk:
T,et us esanlinc the clinractcristics tliirtccnth WC find (Gothic) period, century first the in the domain cspnsion of
THIRD
IwI:IITIr RE lc.II-
SI:II.Jr:cT, RESIECTIVEI,Y
TRF:AT ART AXI) Ix
SILVERSEVESAND
architecture, tlirouglwut
which dates from the century. there l+rancc,
TrIIc
sIxTIcISsTII, CI~TITRII~S, TI3lE. M. MOST TIIIJS ExIsTm, RARE OF TIIK AND THE GRAC:E, ARE S~II~PFER,
first half of the twelfth
EIGIITIcIcsTII OUR OWN 01 ARE
\VORK
OF
cliurches and c:~tliedrids constructed accordIT
THE IS
sTATbz~IImTs TO SIT,
ing to the new formula. the point Tlic of complrtc, pcrfccted ornamental portals Vezelay, statu:w_v.
Sec011d1y,
NEI.I~I.IsSS
AUTIIORITACOI,I,hTED IIIDDISS COSTLY suIIJI*:C:T AC!(U-
development Here, again,
of the
TIVF.. BY ASD BOOKS. IS IIIJI
lrrkz INFORBIATloX
11.1s IIITIxI~:RTo IN FRAGMENTARY,
of dcprturc of
TlIcn,
is tlw twalftli
century.
of tlw cathcdrds Autun,

later.
of Moissac, was destined

tlic
His
ASI) BY IS
TIIIxT5IImT IIY
show the direction

wc liavc
CIIhILrZCTI~:I~I%l~:1~ DI31,IcAcY T,OXG A ASD
which the thirteenth to follow. prdde Notre
wntury
RACY ONLY SUED
WIIICII CAREFUL
ATTAmED ITTR-
incom-
STITI)II:.S E:NVIRONMEXT,
mastcrpicccs of st:Ltuary offered by Dame, litris,

and by
SY?vlPhTIIETIC
the cathedritls
Reims, We
Amiens,
Bourgcs
and Chartres. in the
art of tectural
the silversmith. in the statuary, churches
It becomes it copies
archimore
find the same characteristics
sense that properly of
accurately more,
and chapels.
Furtherform
speaking,-that the human
is, the representation and face,-acquires importance. precious terpicces inch&d
a new and considerable as it were, an exreal mascan be
The art of the worker in the It produces
metals becomes, which,
tension of sculpture. in the history
with equal justice,
of the silversmiths As an exammay which be cited from is now of the becomes
art and in that of sculpture. ple, among the treasury preserved Together human frequent. Clairmnrais the masterpieces of Saint Dcnis,
the silver figure of the Blessed Virgin in the Louvre. with the representation that of the animal no longer We
figure,
meet beautiful like the cross of the reliquary of surof Charroux,
works of pT:re metal-work, at Saint-Omer, Bar-sur-Aube,or round incrusted Another
the reliquary precious
in which silver scroll-
and filigree-work
stones, thus formrichness. but Charroux,
ing a whole of extreme decorative reliquary from one of a later century, made by the silversmiths new tendencies. but one quite different
shows the advance art, as well as its object, works chapel small, in Four Set upon crocketed from studied. and the
It is a beautiful
which WC have already x highly gables slender decorated small are which r1scs, having
base, a circular towers supported upon
columns,
as we find this detail
the cathedral attitude, the relics.
of Notre Dame, Paris.
statuet.tes of saints or monks, in picturesque support The a little edifice containing piece, therefore, partakes and sculpture.
at once of both architecture
And if our readers will refer to our preced-
SILVERSMITHS
ing article, and compare century which this work of the century more Louis
ART
XIV. and result. Louis XV., the stupid resort
thirteenth reliquary the clearly objects
with the twelfth will explain
destructions with meagrc
to which
these princes
wc have there rcpresent.ed, could do, to pass in the
themselves
then pages of commentary to the historian
the distinctive judgment, present inative which placed period,
taste and style of each period. to add that the an imaginvention the critic of this so graceful
If it be permitted three centuries article quality,
I must hasten possess a
about to be reviewed a liberty, of that works and of the richness
are surprising, in presence
finds them so charming, executed, reservation.
and so delicately them without ined, belong the the secular
that he accepts examof the of of
These works, like those previously to the religious art. The silversmiths division political and works
department
have not been able to resist economic vicissitudes It is greatly to bc rcgret,ted of the colthe rich of Morat to Charles the richest Of all remains. since, they in or of
five centuries. that nothing lections treasures of
has been preserved Charles Fifth,
of his brother,
the duke of AnSou ;
that the Swiss, after and Grandson, the Bold,
the battles
let perish the superb ob*jects Burgundy,
in gold and silver work belonging duke of
prince of his time in entire Europe. these beautiful threatened possess weight, From whose money, melted. an this purse by with creations sudden nothing destruction, worth, value For silver and gold objects independently which fact
have always been
of their artistic intrinsic is immediately
estimated that
realizable. a prince not plate later, resist with to be under

II. The Samson Reliquary: transitional Cathedral of R&m, France. style: -219
it resulted of providing
was empty, causing
could
the temptation We
himself
his silver witness
shall
THE
CRAFTSMAN
In the Middle fortune merchant, plate. ewer. rnelting choice of the often
Ages
coin was rare. of a nohlc, of largely in
The a rich his
to these works, it was necessary silver could selves. to act, gold the to possess If they an absolute not be modified these latter would have of that the the
for gold and value which free
of a prince,
consisted
by the smiths themhad been left have produced But
If 1 . w 1 m( 1 surplus money, hc ordered of a silver table service, or an hc ordered from making to the the such value certain of objects his pieces chosen If he needed money, of dressers; destined
the execution
shortly been goldwe
works in which the proportion would guild the very vigorous (which provided always and silver. statutes statutes shall
of silver or
insignificant. and
ornaments
which governed. silversmiths. treat were later), obliged of order gold of to
without
regard
to the artistic
destruction. and value
Therefore, came often, silversmiths
when evil times came, and thqthe treasures of the goldart disappeared.
workers
to use the purest And were enacted
quality in
these strict
measures
To ensure a standard, and unvariable

920
supervision
THE
leave no room for the least possible val work in the precious secular uses has We have, therefore, tion to objects But failed even of these
CRAFTSMAN
fraud. for
These facts show the reason why mediaemetals designed practically disappeared. service. have
to confine our examinamany examples
devoted to religious
to escape the ravages The Revolution,
of time and of But it must be more rulers, spirits,
enemies. confessed destructive
indeed, destroyed
a certain number of pieces. than
that the kings were infinitely the revolutionary
and that even under the most pious gold and silver objects uses were not respected money (oeur Saracens, grew de Lion his insistent. ransom was
devoted to religious when the need of When placed Richard by at the one
had been captured
\I.
lr~,~~~~~~i~~tl;tl
~~m~~
Imndred
fifty,
or
two
hundred
?housand knew to When his thouto re-
marks silver, was occasioned Saint Louis Crusade,
and the rich abbeys by this misfortune.
their sorrow what sacrifice of their treasures was made prisoner of gold during
no less than eight the hands
hundred of
sand besants Such ransoms
were necessary
lease him from
the heathen. for the gold and
were disastrous
and silver work existing 7 Lnglnnd. Xevert.heless, erable number three centuries deal. We have already of Charroux, the thirteenth tration example, preserved
in both France
we have remaining of specimens with which
a consid-
of each of the we are now to the reliquary work of illusThis second
mentioned Our reliquary
a most characteristic century.
is the so-called
of Samson,
in the (athcdral on the contrary,
of Reims.
is a work of the
SILVERSMITHS
angels.
ART
Here, as I have already observed, that resembles
the work of the silversmith of the sculptor. tor were required exquisite is a period figures.
The qualities of the sculpfor the chiseling The style of of these the dra-
peries is excellent, worthy of culmination. is of extreme richness, the goldsmiths From They Around tance was given became art.
of the time, which The ornament as a of
and the object
whole in one of the mediaeval masterpieces this time onward monuments portion a great in
impor-
to shrines and reliquaries. miniature. the containing
the central
relics, there appeared the saint so honored, figures were executed
scenes from the life of and in these scenes the in high relief. We
transition greater twelfth foothold
period,
in which we recognize stones,
the
number of the characteristics century : incrusted ornaments in both centuries, in silver.
of the filigree, It has a be-
and applied
the stronger
ing in the twelfth. The reliquary originally from now belonging in the Museum contrary, example III). without tion tych the of support of in the form the Abbey of of a triptych, of Floreffe and collection is, on the (Plate and, angels Christ: and produc-
to the Rothschild the Louvre,
an excellent It is of Flemish doubt, the time and the cross.
and most important century workmanship, place. the life Two of
the thirteenth
the most significant
The wings of the tripfrom the Cross, personages
show scenes from Holy Women,
the Crucifixion,
the Descent other
THE have descriptions

of the thirteentll fourteenth apostles, princessses marvcllous of large receive the relics of Saint Louis, century. as well as of They of art.
CRAFTSMAN
the civic bodies. The Virgin in silver repoussL: formerly belonging to the treasury of the Abbey of Saint Dcnis and now in the (Plate IV.), shows and But of workmanship Ages. AIuseum of the Louvre at once the perfection the esquisite one fact fessed. should
RI1 d
shrines made to at the end of the
and the beginning
were ornamentthe kings of and these enat of
cd with very numerous wllo works
figures of saints and
development
which the plastic
were the donors
sentiment attained regarding There
in the Middle
Portraiture
the piece must be conreason why this work rather than in marble to the to treat
tercd into metal work and into sculpture the same time. and sil&rsmiths The corporation was among the strongest
is ,o
of the gold-
be in silver, That
ivory.
is: it is a work of pure But owing in which it is csecut-
sculpture. material
ed, we have the right the masterpieces workers of We the hare art. It belongs
it here, and to rank it among of the met&
to the beginning
fourteenth its exact
century.
date. It at the
was executed command dEvreus.
in 1339, Without
of the queen, Jeanne the date, It sym-
the style alone would suffice to fix the epoch of the work.
bclor1gs to
the the
fourteenth slight
century metry
by caused
by the projccand charmthe Christby the of at
tion of one hip of the Virgin; by the caressing ing gesture of
child who lays his hand upon the lips of his mother; length of the which the folds the ground-line inclination fourteenth this period of draperies, arc broken the
; by the slight
Virgins of the and But of the
head: all characteristic century alone.
ob,ject has neither the affecta-
SILVERSMITHS
tion the trary, impart radiant mother people nor works the that of complexity, one sees too time. this nor often On a certain arise the in conwhich an im-
ART
the material in which it is wrought. This
dryness
material-silver--enabled are finely delicacy, figure period, ing sculptured and if with
the artist to give in concave lines, the this
an exquisite finish to the work : the draperies face and the hair are rendered with extreme we were to compare Virgin of in execution, in material, an ivory the same resultwould
it preserves
the perfect
distinction
of line, the pure grace, the simplicity, to the works of this period aroma. with tender goodness, found made of perishable
The face of the Virgin, is that of a the his models. Europe a It was among
the differences the difference
of the period. that the sculptor and which
from
be very marked in favor uette. Following, (Plates a we have
of the silver stata series of crosses
It was in the depths of the sentiments which all shared whole constituting what was named Christhis inspiration. to himself
V., VI. and VII.). number of
The treasuries still possess objects these
endom that the artist sought beauty foreign -a deceptive not and dead. dream was as yet to
of our cathedrals considerable
and churches
He had no desire to appropriate The which purarisen. dream of restoring the Renascence sue,-had There between for that no As the antiquity,
was a secret the artists
harmony and those The the
whom was
he wrought. sure There to no of All please
former found people.
in themselves all was no effort, archaism. has that lasting antique mediaeval, said, period nor works and or
pedantry, works
Viollet-le-Due neither whether whether
looked forward. of art, Greek,
backward
modern, have always addressed themselves to the present times which produce The special of the statuette acteristic them. characteristic of the Virgin the char-
under consideration,
which makes it releIX. Qerman wine tankard: Museum of Lubeck
vant to our present subject, is
THE
CRAFTSMAN
which might clesiastical But of afford excellent methods process the metal of models for ecWe of over treatment. a matrix
metal work in our own time.
find there different the favorite hammering
all was that of the Middle vases, the
(repouss&) .
The workshops
Ages kept thus matrices of a certain number of models for the more usual objects: cups, sheet basins, ewers. The silver was hammered (repoussk) in a thin over
hard form; ing gave which, have In and
then, it was further finishing By at this time a personal re-created the
worked with Retouchwere very character, it. As Ages. of I of
the chisel and the graving-tool. important.
these means the workman
to the object in a measure, previously respect
said, there
expenditure exercise
time was not considered this economy.
in the Middle was no
If thus the art of the worker in precious metals domain. purely allied We itself on the one hand as an example VIII.), with of sculpture, it did not the less preserve its own illustrate, metal work (Plate
decorative
a superb belt and buckle of German origin, which date from century. Germany history excelled of bronze the end of the fourteenth the Middle work, Ages, and the study in metal Throughout
in particular
can not be
written without of the German Another ship since (Plate IX)
involving
the special
masterpieces. of German much workmanorigin, century. beis of later
specimen
it belongs
to the sixteenth Ages
But in Germany tween the Middle and in Italy.
the line of demarcation
and the Renascence the sixteenth, century, for ordinary
is much less sharply and even during the mediaeval

296
defined than in France
Throughout series of objects
the seventeenth
SILVERSMITHS
of the jug animal.
ART
The beak is also composed of a fantastic dragon, as is well known,
a dragon with yawning throat. The
played a most important part in the decorative art of the Middle Ages, beginning with the earliest times of that period. mate existence. frightful. lymphatic In the popular imagination, it had a real, aniIt appears in works of the muscular, scaled and It swells and In the plastic arts, strong, and
In modern art, it has become sluggish.
pants, but it can no longer terrify.
plastic sense it has lost all force, all energy. We no longer believe in the evil powers and the existence of fantastic animal types, and the abortive attempts of contemporary decorative art will not renew in us the terrors which have faded from our minds. uses were continued. The love of the old
forms was preserved. The wine tankard here reproduced, which exists in the Museum of Lubeck, shows a singular mingling of Teutonic thought, mediaeval taste, and free imagination, united with certain memories of the antique, found in the scrolls of foliage encircling the expansion of the cup. With the exception of this ornament, the composition as a whole and the decorative details are altogether in the style of the Middle Ages: possessing that richness and exuberance which sometimes, even often, in German works, injure the principal lines and mar the precision of the swell. The German jug of the Museum of Goslar (Plate X.) has greater refinement. The open-work decoration is of extreme delicacy ; figures mingle with foliage, and beneath the little spires that crown the piece, a bold rider is mounted upon a prancing horse. The handle of the jug is formed by
XII.
Reliquary containing a portion of the arms 8 saint; Saint Peters Church, Varzy, France
Thoroughly out ornament, Reims (Plate
French,
restrained
and withDieu, at
wc find the cruet which is preof the H8tel XI). It possesses a charming of flexthe
served in the chapel simplicity ible line.
of form and a rare grace coffee-pots contours. Ages believed
As ue examine it, we regret that do not possess
our modern same pleasing The relics.
Middle There
in saints and without
were few
churches
the honored remembrances ple
possession
of
miracle-working To enand peoand has of the
of holy personages. the clergy the workers fervor
sure their preservation commissioned
in precious
metals to execute beautiful thus the religious
receptacles, of Christians
handed down to us exquisite examples
SILVERSMITHS
silversmiths liberty skill. And in no other departbetter instanced arms of (Plate church XII), at Varzy. than in conA simof the Saint which second chalice
ART
Sauveur belongs to the (Plate XIV.)
; the first of
and the The distincas a century.
ment of art do we find the then prevailing of invention these same objects. in the reliquary considerable ilar in form, supposed, tration A case in point resides
to the fourteenth, thirteenth by the clear
is remarkable
tion of its parts, by its elegance and by the purity whole. Between this chalice
of contour
tained in Saint Peters number they date
of the composition
such objects, a portion
and the cups
are still extant. contain Those
As might be
arms of a saint. from and preserve,
shown in our illuscentury, the apcentury. and degree,
the thirteenth
to a certain
pearance of works of the preceding We find here precious uncut, work. upon the right benediction reliquary century, (Plate able. ating deep, uated. detriment. as we have so often
stones incrusted
seen them, and,
arm we see scrolls of filigree and imposing. has preserved a of the fourteenth pure style to are upon We pro-
The gesture of the hand extended in is dignified of Auribeau
The Church
of the beginning
which is of a beautiful, Here attention
XIII).
The base is bold and admirshould be directed The portions the concaves dccor-
the fine relief shown in the moldings mediaeval Wit.h works. these and the convex
well accentto their own flat.
moldings
modern works offer a contrast They are uniformly
have lost the taste for the pronounced files distinguishing tions of the Middle general characteristic our metal work, wood. middle men Shadows strance the structural Ages. And observed
producthis is a
not alone in and munufactured prizes To shall in comparison silversmiths of spectively by modern contests this rapid silversmiths an for
but also in our furniture, of stone, plaster century, times, and down to the craftsmaterial vigorously. athletic instructive of the we reand
and in the decoration In mediaeval of handled their
the seventeenth are strong
might be instituted. review art in the Middle Ages works,
terminate illustrate
and accents vigorous. are shown in the monof the church
The same features
three important
and the chalice
of the thirteenth,
fourteenth
XV.
Shrine of Saint Taurin
: thirteenth century:
Ivreux,
France
fifteclltll
cent
III-J,
which of
cpitomizc art
to some these shrine
wIiqu:q
figlIlTS.
prolwr Their folds
arc attracti\-c an(1 typical llcavy over vc2tiilciits fall in arc tlic%ir feet, ; tlicv
dcgwc
the tcndcncics
during
tllrcc import.ant of Saint
ccnturics.
c~longatcd
Tlrc first, of thcsc is the celebrated
llalf knccliiig, sul)plr
illl(1
tllcsir Imlics lliis
:t1)lwar
tc~nsc,
liLlll+Il, at Il:vrcus
(llatc
XV.).
century.
and siiicn-y.
J)i~~cc is ;L lovcl~ of the
It
is in the most ornate,
richest
and most
flower of the art of tlw ;\Iitldlc Ages. The last csamplc fifteenth century, (Plate the Louvre less pcrfcct ceding architectural leave studied the is a monstrancc XVII.). found in the AIuscum of It is certainly than tlic two prrIt has tjcsidc the
illT
sumptuous tiful of a-hicli ccllcd. church, mounted a spire.
st,yle of the thirteenth
It would seem as if the maker of this bcaupiece had wished to offer the various lhc with methods of plan doors, of the silversmiths gcncral great that an example treatment period of is that buttresses pinnacles, in exa surand
and complctc composition. tlircc ccnturics
works.
But, it is still an csccllcnt to us, :ls we article, about to wc have the
merit of recalling
by fi11c1y cornposetl ITc find licrc again
whicli
the incrusted of the twclftli engraved and light which a hv rcpwith style. to the
in our prcscnt
one of
stones, the filigree scroll-work ccnt,ury ; also, silver plncpes, l~ackground, and graceful great lx-ancli. tecntll figures IIcrc, in fact, system like
chnractcristics
of mcdiwxd
art wllich I in-
dicated at tlic beginning smith which tails. WC now approacl~ heginning tlic period clecorativc, crises. ccnturics cast upon ing glance. question : during have from wre arcliitcctural csccutctl
of our studv : that forms, and the care
in nieZlo work, delicate lcaves applied a whole sturdy, of plant-forms convolvuli
is, tht loan made bv the art of the silvcrtaste for the crcction and minutcncss of miniature chapels
bloom upon the: arches and twine about the vol\ltes, renfury, around Ilinaliy, as prwcrihcd in the thir-
with an cstrcme
renclling
to the smallest dethe of
the shrine is complctcd
tlw Rcnnsccncc,
in the round and by has-rcliofs all tliat is statuesque is esccllciit, pcrfcctcd point,
of modern times, the opening suffwcd the most lwforc
rcscnt ing the saint and scenes from his life. no lingering This by shrine the tract of awkwardness is indeed a finished art or incscxamplc, attained
which the arts, fine and serious we leave thr and sweepthe
It is ncccssar~
pericnc(~, and sl~ows a truly marking ccntl.!ry. culminating
tllat WC l~rc, j (1st now studied, to tlwm :I rctrospcctive This glnncc will provoke
the silvcrslniths
in the thirteenth (Plate work
What, lesson can the artisans dlc Ages prcparc at 3Iaulwugc, is a charming nntl wry a futvrc Iwttvr and
of the Midbrighter, a
111~rc~licl~lary of Saintc Aldcgwn(lc XVI.), of graw of the fo~lrtccntli century.
tc:wlI us modern men who wish to life for tllc decorative lost 1)~ them The arts,
It is a marvel
charactcrIt has not
more atmndant children I have
iLntlclcgancc,
wllicli sllall thus rcassumc in the lives of our the place since? said nrtiaa?zs. word artist thr Furthermore, we apply so many gcncrations
istic of the art of this period. the distinction Saint Tarn-in. delicate. and dignity
of the shrine of that support the
It, is tall and slender, light,
The two angels
did not exist.
SII~V~RSMITHS
noble term of artist to him alone who devotes himself to pure art, that is, to the painter, word. the sculptor, or the musician. But they owned the thing The itself. men of the Middle Ages did not possess the The second is more important than the first. The comparison between our decorative art and that of the Middle Ages humiliating of belonging to a highly is very for us, who boast nevertheless civilized period
ART
They could
I
t11c :ir public shops only.
mc,lt their metal in a rear workshop
and speak scornfully of the barbarity and the darkness of mediaevalism. It is, however, necessary to understand that one of the strongest reasons for the excellence of the mediaeval arts lay in the organization of work which was altogether different from the system obtaining in our own day. The workers in the precious metals, in
common with all other artisans, formed a corporation, and they alone who were members of this body possessed the right to fashion objects in gold and silver. This provision constituted a privilege which, according to our modern ideas, was harmful to society, since it prevented all liberty of trade. But the privilege possessed by the corporation entailed corresponding duties. The corporation was inspired as if by a sense of common and personal honor, and it exerted every effort to maintain a standard excellence of production. Thus, there resulted a strict constitution of laws to which all members were subSect. I have already alluded to the rules which governed the alloy of the precious metals, in my statement that the corporation permitted the USC of gold and silver only in the purest state compatible with effective work. In order to facilitate supervision, the furnaces of the goldand silversmiths could be placed in x
ah _^^
WY
THE
cellar. l~urtlicrniorc, the period of
CRAFTSMAN
apthe subject rative art of prophecy. of But I feel, I we
prc~iiticeship and of coi~iI~al~io~lsllir))) was strictly f&l. And this period accomplished, a work created with that he understood tllc aspirant bccanic a master, upon presenting to the corporation the view of proving
know well, that WC can never possess a decoworthy the name, until shall have formed love of their trade. a new class of artisans For such conditions the
who shall be inspired by the respect and the time is ncccssary. end before us. spent But we see clearly The
tliorouglil_v tlic trade which he was about to exercise in the capilcity such works preoccltpic*tf \Vh:tt ol)jcct porfcct. they wcrc with of an expert. were of greatly art. an of I do not believe that the Surors to whom submitted questions it should are in all pure
Of what import is the time essential
in its attainment? work, falling
point is t,o reach it. A beautiful outside the PC%article, and in riod and the scope of 33. Schopfcrs illustrations, the (%apel Belgium. artisan, It is the reliquary of the Holy Blood, was executed century,
dcmandcd
principally trades There be
was that There
be technically honest is, on termed The who the
but neverthclcss recalled by his writing preserved
mctliotls and proccsscs, which arc more or 1~s slow, difficult and costly. tllc other l~and, what ~nay _juggling csclusivc methods masteAip. or tricking
at Bruges, of
by a Flemish
Jan Crabbc,
at the beginning
the difficulty. from those for
the sevcntccnth in silver-gilt,
but it shows the It is wrought reliquaries ca-
use of the best, and most honest w:~5 dcmantlctl
st,_vleof a much earlier date.
and has the form of a Gtithic It is ornamented
prcscntcd tlicmsclvcs as candidates The fraternity for the trade which it represented.
chapel, like many of the French described by M. Schopfer. something thedral in miniature,
taught respect are the
after the manner of a Milan
In modern workshops these principles scarcely untlcrstood. that tllc smallest object hands of ten workmen, his specialty. passes through
with statues of saints
Labor is so regulated each of whom has is made by the
and angels set upon the roofs and pinnacles. Ihcsc small figures are of solid gold, and a large The times, number of costly gems are set along of the work. of the and rubies stones are very and consist characteristic the base and in other portions 1irrgel.v of
The drawing
chief designer, who is confined to his paper and who would be quite unable to execute the thing retouclicd, polish. which csccpt he conceives. RIacliines and produce the desired ol),ject wlticli is scarcely to receive cleansing The results of such methods speak Ages the artisan loved liis ; devoting to it the and pcarfcc-
cmcralds ; these jewels in heavy bands of gold. richest of reliquaries, a special festival it is carried tuting
are uncut and set It is one of the annually on the when constithrough
and it is honored by
occurring
for themsclvcs. In the Middle trade, and when he scbt his hand to an ol),jcct. hc finished it liinlself tion. The 234 art of the future can not, bc made time nccc5s:iry to its completion
first Sunday after the second of Alay, in solemn procession the streets of the city; the most brilliant the dead.
the festival
period of the pear
in the old town which has rcccivcd the name of Bruges
tllcir the
own
advantage,
except The
as they
are
mciiibcrs
of an afflicted community; profit. belongs right but KC hare but to expert to take through
it is to
coininunitys
leadership knowlit-not public but if it, is
which essentially edge ought OP;E of the gaged beauty field for in reports recruits national tliat organizations the
cause
to be given it is their self pride,
to them;
encivic
not given, through spirit. involves
frirtlrering than
of
it, has found among
no richer that
Knowledge,
to remember, responsibility. the false,

is to
the workers
not only power
in handicraft.
It, llas even discovered
lo know the truth

out protest a grcat,cr speak. tile hideous. The how it criinc
and not brand

may
in furthering the arts and crafts movement, it furthers its owii movement for beautifging towns and villages. So certain has proved this connection that it has e&blished an Arts and Crafts S&on as 011~ of the regular depart meiits of its activity. Very little thought, will dissipate the surprise that niav at first bc felt in tliscovcring such a connection.
natural with their hands,
is to lie; to behold the hideous and see withbe made beautiful, ignorantly worker wlio know have than to create does know, II0 IIns
So those handicraft
if it is the real art impulse that has put him to work and not a fad or fashion. to be a critic heartless critical him, but not of the hurried, because the work about only because thoughtless, spirit moves to the for a its of
I:or \VlliLt COl:I(( hc more
him, and he has to be
than tllnt those who work patiently
and into
to the end that. personality beautv-wlrose sum is art- mav enter thrir product, should be qliick to see ugliness of loiig for the
of his obligat.ion that movement
community.
TIeiice
chief
it is that
and deplore nil the uncalled-for town and tit>- life, and shonltl substitution now the
workers help comings
more l~eautiful~~merica,~~~~ich
is finding a host
field of activity
of the land, allies among hnp$y,
in the villages, discovers
towns work-
of tlw hcautifril where there is unnecessarily hideous? These

arc trained in tile work critics. around They thfrn cannot the success or the sliort-
and cities
val~lblc ers. &es, lhcy,
the handicraft
arc in these very vil-
recognizing
towns and cities ; and in appealing
; it11 tllc
iiig-
thfern for aid, WC a~.r asking tify

111gs. A warm
that
to they btau-
force their
of their natural
training, taste,
in supplcmciit
tllcir 0~11 loved home and its sllrroundpersonal intwcst is thus sure general interest that they feel; and it is not in the
that they furnish that many must
has ~nntlc them love the
true and link and intcnsitv protest. The ought

TllC~
the false, and the genuineness of their feeling constrains to are, lwwcwr,
tllc
to cnhaiice the would naturally

least extraordinary
workers
SllOUlti h
or rightfully
to be, soinctlling
critics. 1CiLdCIS in taste of the

thrust upon To lead is not to
more tllaii
and good rccroits to a movement so heartily enlist their sympathy.
community,
nit,h the leadership
them Decausc: fhcy know.
But tire critics role is a thankless one, iind IIC ck~es scant service to tile public or to llimself who by llis criticism merely destroys
THE
R.itllout, crcatitig,
poiitts otlt 110
CRAFTSMAN
alId t ioii itwii wit11 Of tl1o arts ant1 crafts. Tlte wrought
wllo lil0Cks
0tlC
\v:Ly
otllcr.
lltis di:kt~gc~ can lmdof tlte \vorli(~r tllmi

lriglicr
tllc, StrcYst 1iltltCrtl

~tiLI:lcC ;\IiltS?S
iti tllc Wdl

;Ltl(l of
Of tllcb tltc \rcll arc: tClT:l

110t &S tht dOtIlC
1s lx LLitl ;Lt tlto tloor $JPtS ;I!.~(1 Cl.iLftS. wliicll is wqt~iwtl

wliic~lt crit tltC
in tlic
Strozzi htill
tllCS(,
iii I:lOr(tl(c,
111~1pY2:~tw
kllo\vlcdgc
of (Jtiittt(w
itt ,\t1t\vcrp Of iLrti\tSmpOr

Of in 11iLtltliCl;lft, tl1C ilS
--nlticll tllc
quite Of
to crcxte pohhwsvs
is ltis
to tlciiouncc puldic
to tlic c:tll
tllcl d(~liglit
tltc ~~lY~~lllCtS :L
1lC aI titntl:iittlv ol)lig:Ltion

scrviw Ciltillg of to
; :iit(l tlixt
for
(Otti rc~lic~fs Of
itiw~prd~lc~ iiticicw~ of
1,tlC;l
ClC~ll;L 1Lol~l~i:~,-al~c
icistii
is ltis v.:mxtit If poI(~ is tlte nattic-sign
dcdiskill
fiLCtOr
glory
c~otr1tt1111iit_vs
llhC tllc t:thte,
ci\-iv
Il(tliLSC<tlC< 01 towtt
is C~V(tl tltC
iti Itilliilll
:ml
l;llo\vletlgc~
IIC posssw. Iigltt
tlw f;iiiiillticlg;TiLCClCSS,
I~rt1ttt~llesc~lti
IliLt
Imiwiii? (:itics,
iar utilities the mciit trollcy
of tlic hfrwt lwlc ati
;Lrc nc~dle5sly
Intl~~cl,
SiLVS Ill(ilt1 It<5 of of tllcl only tl1C Of
Ill;Lhltficltl,
~ttwtlridiott
iii liis artist

Of a of ptxrticd tlic
62ott5, if tltc clcctric Ixuhwic, ittow
tlrc> I~lorcwtitic
: ,\rt
tlitl not
:ltld stat-
c~ycw)rc,
atlvcrtisca blot to (10 strcvt rctrcwtcn-
l)ivtttrc3
tltv sttvcst of tltc way.
it
itwiuit
:~pplic:itim hutiful 0tYlctS wcr~~ to to cil_l1lC :mq~t trifles ; the in
on tlic vista sottictlting

clous
it is liis duty so with
l~tiowlctlp Clilil~ 111~ life.
t 1t:in say
tlWtlS
. . . If for
cncrgy.
IIe IlllIst tll:lkC~ il I,eHcr cl0 this fcarlossly. Jvitliout
Irk
tlt(stt1 tltC
ill)SCtlCY,
appwitticcs
furnisliiiig, ant1 llc nllht giwtl to tllc :ulv:~ntagc~
01 sllO\V ll0W it Call lx! tlliltl( ; vcsry ~~rold~l~~, l)nt to llitiiwlf

froirt iii civic
all, cveti tltosc

ItlilStcr
itisigtiific;utt,
WOtlltl fnrtiisli
. .
tllc tl~+ipi
. XoW IV110 it
:Llltl tile
incitlctltal,
pttl)il stant
gtY)ll[) tvr :mtl
woiil(1 csecttte. op~)orttiiiitic~.

Of ltlY)\\.tl ttwti to tlicir cost tluritig , :Llld for tltC
. . . Tltcrc
wvr(
C:lllNl
cori;t IYliTlS-
iii 50 tloitig. cdl otltcr

art.
\VilS
lliis is tltc ltigltcr as clistitiguisltcd for :~n ititt~txst opportunit Cr

tlley tail1 grwkt Icncl to C:Lll,
to tlte craftsttt:ttt, ttwn am1 wotttvn, lltat tllcw

tllc
(;lltll~~litiCS
cliiircli,
llltlCrs, tlte ;hw~sioti itll~ClLfillCt1 S:lClWl
to lx
CarpclltcTs lhv
at once
;1Ilc F cerc-
:LrC
scct1c-scttcrs, ttt:icltittisfs ttioiii~~i flWlt1 Illollt~t
iw for grc:lt
:Lt1(1 iti :tlttioht
pcPs0tl:ll
cvcrv it. a
:LdViltltZlfi( higltwke ccrfor tl1c tt1xy
in tllc ltlO\clllc~tlt
1tllt3t rcw:rrtl service
(lo llot itlVillid;ltC

Iltc I)ropCr and
sc:~ffol~liiig \Vollltl
intlivitlu:il f:iirly fcvs crafts
wlricli to
\-iLlGOllS llcarc~tl
})ClXotl:LgCS sotllc \vc:Lltll\
strc~ti$lrc~ii is, ititlvctl, tlw
. . .
Holy 011
lllC1-
Cll:Lllt,
just
tt1c
tlliltl~
1nost,
plllT~y0~
of tltc
Florcwtine
nollld pr1t
wliicli
arts
g0015 to
l~:LtlrcT,
whrt
.
civic
art ; i\lltl SO tllc~l? is elnphnsized at lwht mo\mtlmts. 1tcTtt tlcscril)ccl

1)11rilSC t0 tltC
tllf? PiLlMl
11011sc,
tllifillt
CSClltCllcOl1
cornice tlie
. .
Of his twwteiSOtlle-
the ititc,rtlc~)rnclcilc~--0~ :asist:uiccmof tllc two

itrt
the nlutu:tl ;Ls a

:I grCilt
and
dcltliltld
wish
for
to
know
liis
(IYilTVitlg.
. . ctvtr
XIOtlcltl civic
1.ct1;1wtl(~.) l)iL(k
lru
IIIC
titiws of titg artists

:\l2llCCl
t ltcrc w\-oultl coiitc :ui ctthassy sotttr nc~ig%ltoriiig

p:tWllttlctlts,
in gowns city, of with bringthe

Hcmsccllcc~
S!!fiKCStS
st:Ltc frotn
turning
lZCtlilS(YttCC
fOY
~~t~~~~~~YlClltS
gYl;~_(ls ilIlt
S(i\l(d
\VllCtI IJiillltY \VOli( ilgilitl t1rc dark

citic5, tlicrc
t0 tll( :Lgos. so itotw:is
:i cottmtissioii
or tow11
z1l.t \ViLS,
for
11a11.
th not life:
piiiting
iL
wor1d :lftCr 11cr SIP.}, tlwollgll lltctt, at111 in

clcnrlv
cllllrcll
10 t11osc
wltc~n civic
It:lliitll proYtv1 atl(1
:irt
List flo~trisltcd of its
I)l:Litily, d:iilv life.
tlting
:Lprt em-
1;1<~1tiisl1
ant1 didittct l~~~llislitttuit
from of that
it, was tltr
tllcs closcntss
cotincc-
ITcncc
tltc glory
and the
vitality
of
their of
art,
and
hence
the and Of
To progrw
clothe
in an artistic
form
all that life. of
prominence craftsmailship the time. Nor

artists
in it of the arts and crafts, the products civic from the lovely
has made useful in the public comprising various

Oilc
inseparablcncss
To transform museums education
the streets into picturesque elements
art of
The
for the people. time social misartistic and to in art
was this merely intcrpretcd found gave art
an accident. as broadly
To restore to art its sion, etc. To
as they
did because they loved the town or city, and, lover-like, if so they no task too mean or small pleasure to her. Rnd by transformed the task that Lucca has artist
make advertisements instead
secure the competition and beauty ness ; to obtain graceful street signs and trolley and the most popular ctg took to bring rwivc cities. the ancient That
of advertisers
of in size and hidcouselectric light poles, designed kiosks, poles, were the first st,eps which the sociglory of for the Flemish
their love they worthy been chapel product
had been mean and small until it became the of their skill. by imniortalizcd the a Lucchesan Genoa,
artistic flag staffs, correctly
who, with the exception

in DUOI~O nt
of six statues for a did no work
art into the street and to
that was not destined for his native city and its territory. says The freely gifts. There assertion crafts arc ronnection is, then, splendid that civic art mutually precedent for an and the and the arts But without Civitali. To Florence this day, outside Lucca, one cannot well study that on-cs her proud title of of her sons, Curniichacl, I%xuitiful
in every one of these efforts the arts and of its in tllc extension
there is an opportunity
ClXfts rriovcmerit,
ficltl and the bestowal fuhicss, rcquircs 1~ been already men who dared trusts, civic pageants
Upon it of civic uscBelgium by these of her that she en-
to the circumstance
no csplanation. so far educated, to be leaders, the preparation
the artist who was the greatest as he scattered

owl
his riches over Italy, city his most precious
reserved for his
on occasion,
to the artists ; she has learned in public and work is as cheap more to be cshibiis to by the world of is far
that the artistic desired; tions, follow
as is tlw hideous
concerned.
and she has convinced
had been obvious
a prc-
the interest and value of municipal with a specia1 section and more and Paris, Dresden,
ccdent, which is, therefore, growing
of only historical steadiIy is adds that so
so that now our own St. Louis generously, not
interest ; and the interdependence more furnishings It is significant started notable pressed Beige, in 1894 to the street.
the examples to say
in closeness as urban evolution in this connection and promptly
set successively, Brussels, Turin.
the civic art crusade in Belgium, a revival of the Flemish with the following of LOeuvre society purposes the national it:
which was secured art-of-theas the cxNationale
The Iyork that has been done in Belgium points before of the way, with sufficient certainty, it is made with us a national it may be locally to the work that may be done here. But long moveunder-
town, began
ment, in the sense not so much of extent as organization, taken wherever there is an arts and crafts
that was organ-
ized to further
THE
society, or a handicraftsman. it not only
CRAFTSMAN
work of art, it must be made to suit the spot for which it is designed. of proportions into its This exact fitting to environment, the adjustment monizing the spirit welding of colors which means not only and the harbut also of the the probto it the insures of it the and materials, construction gives and town proved crafts makes it just loves,
In the case may be undernor is
of the society, field of activity
taken, but it should bc.
There is no better of the craftswhich he has a
than the town itself,
there any which is worthier mans zeal, nor any toward more definite obligation. If in the village lacking still arc some of many
of the place, the artist of
or small town there are of the street there and to be
lem that possibility against design other value.
the utilities possessed
personality, in another has and arts
that in cities present an opportunity, in common, small always there arc the civic celebrations arranged artistically. The nity has, too, some furnishings place of the urban utilities.
the successful which, The surroundings,
competition
or among to be of workers of art for
commu-
to take the
every town have their chance. It often happens, objects of the too, that the great call so loudly towns
It is not many
months since the club women of a New England stat,e offered a prize for the most artistically country which designed roads. guide and finger posts for In the town bulletin board, of the village a church, The by green, there board which is fastened fountain
beauty in these smaller objects, their own beauty been half won battle of the public General opinion spirited
in order that that the has to fight. Take, which the craftsman
may be perfected, before already he begins
is the feature
and in the bulletin so conscpicuoulsy is afforded ous. The another and the bandstand slipshod impression considered construction
sides with him and
to many chance.
there is needed only the good design, for example, an exhaustless familiar beautiful and cities. art the case of the Library, liberality object-the one
are still more conspicuits present an gives more often coming
is now making
waste receptacle of untidiness a form
consciously which poles
civic structure-of
so many towns
than of the reverse. to be is always
How often the impression of the trolley
The planting, of importance, public places.
that is properly
its chaste and snowy beauty ought to give is marred by the ugliness before waiting it, by the cheap and ill-proportioned or transferring passengers, by the Would building exan approin the forethe effect the
of handicraft,
in the private home grounds, If there must be billboards, more attractive, and, in at than they are;
since they border the street, as well as in the these can be made neater, and harmonious
street lamps, by the crude wooden bench for gaunt telegraph the liberality have pridte stopped pole, the glaring letterbox,
or the slovenly waste can or barrel ! that gave the lovely at the slight
least the cities and larger towns, the crest or arms of the municipality furnishings. The great merit of all this work, its special advantages and invitation to the craftsa man, is that, if the object
938
can be fittingly
additional
worked into the design of all the municipal
pense that could have substituted and well designed detracts so sadly for that which now, necessarily ground, which from the architect
street furnishing
is to be really
desired ; or would
1IC:TUREIl
civic pride site and that perhaps and public a promise of spirit that
gave
IOESIES
doing this not for an individual, the people; public tional he is making a utility an d is making his beautiful but for all beautiful for a
the
maintenance-and
also built the structure-have cost? Plainly, provision found for care the the in
object
hesitated to round out and complete its good work at so small an extra there was lacking it be furnished, means to remedy future. The hancing building, wholly striking thought of what a little made by craftsmanship can do at this point, in ena whole most only the timely there will be
place, where it will be seen by many and where its educathan influence will reach out farther
and not shut away,
of the correct design ; and even now, if only the errors of the past as result
he can guess, among all sorts and conditions of men; and finally, it is to be placed where he himself delight may enjoy it ; it will not be lost to him, but as if he had made it for his own he will be a part owner of it. factor into the of civic work for of relative of ownership. into less favorable of taste craftsmen. There is no There enters, too, another attractiveness This and constancy passing ings, ing or selling endanger The is its quality
well as to secure the better
the impression or in changing good the effect of
permanency,
from half good to of the towns him who, of how great thinking, opporto outmade
to less appreciative
hands, no buysurroundto or fortune
scene, is a suggestion
is the opportunity for the community. tunity. It
no fickleness
puts his soul into the work that his hands do It is a two-fold is personal, in the chance far
its serene existence concern of
in the place worker There in the
for which it was designed. the handicraft with civic beauty great movement, so many interest sources; is, then, very near. now gathering and upon waits
make a lovely work of art, as Matsys his well ; it is civic, reaching thing the article work may have. in the effect, itself, which
is much to call him to bear a part
his good does some-
allies from him and his for its com-
The craftsman
more now than make a clever thing. he
the movement
He adorns the town, the town he loves, as a lover adorns his mistress, and thereafter forgets effect. In such work, finally, must there not come into the act of labor gladdens comparison room, thing Here enlist spirit, of to the and lightens an exhilaration it? How paltry that by the beauty to her in the heightened beauty of the jewel he has given of the whole
pleter triumph.
P
THE
ICTURED SAY ART. ON BY
POESIES: THE EDITH (hardly title)
AN REBUS
ESIN
MOORE. to be recogcalls to mind
word rebus
nized
under the above
seems his former to the beauty closed contributing the
task, of addof a rich mans precious of his wealth! to artistic He is
the last page of a Boys turcs and stray
or Girls Magazine, which convey a
ing something
where it presides over a series of little picsyllables meaning guished orator only to the diligent form of amusement. inquirer. The Yet great
another treasury of
is work to invite his consecration, whole strength the whole might of his zeal.
it represents
a most venerable
and distin-
Cicero was wont to use as his signa-
THE
ture the picture called stamped Even places figured The Latin quarian, speaking upon of a chick-pea Cicer in Latin; word for while Julius which (one is of
CRAFTSMAN
lesse poesie, they which lackt wit to express their conceit in speech did use to depaint which they by of the name well fitting speaking generality it out, as it were, in pictures; called rebus by a Latine their things. In people a time could when neither the read nor write, them may poesies much device : in fact, Caesar the
or vetch,
his coins Catacombs
an elephant,
Mauritanian in the
Caesar.
the last to disPorcella, and the
in which
one might
expect pig;
cover puns), man, Onager, res-a
we find the maiden, by a wild ass. is derived and Camden, and a picture
by a little sculptured w-ord rebus thing; explains picture,
was taught from the the antipoesie is a a speechplenty
in this manner, and anyone who for discover in old of Some
is on the lookout churches, schools,
of these specchlesse
that whereas
and colleges. bishops as to of had and letters
them are very amusing, and ideas tions
for the old monks curious and combinawithout spelling,
used letters reference but just fancy Rebuses by Edward than
to any precedent, as their taste and were introduced from Picardy the Third, the Soon so
dictated.
into England
there are none in England older fourteenth after their became evidently of the not detheir as These century. introduction very pleasing bookmen scholars, carry vices crests carved chapels The shields by; shields, into or on
they
common,
the fancy and clerks. who battle wear their or they of still in long
could on
their
punning them
helmets, in the built. gone Abbott
them on their winthat time is now
dow-frames,
blazoned
but
PICTURED
Islips cT chapel and Prior ~ Boltons ~ window we can see the odd bits of humour which
POESIES
great occasions. Robert Langton placed in each of the windows he gave the letters ~n~_t4nV(Ill. 2), which to his simple mind plainly showed forth lang or
No. 2.
In Englands other great Univer_ _ sity, John Alcock, founder of Jesus College, left his sign of a cock perched on a glove conspicuous everywhere. On one window is a cock holding in his beak a label with a Greek inscription; a rival bird defies him on the opposite side with a corresponding motto which Lower has translated as: I am a cock, the one doth cry ; And tother answers, So am I. Litchfield Cathedral has several of these interesting punning devices. James Den-
make history live for us in the personalities of these old builders who seem to have enjoyed a joke as much as we do. On the Rectors lodgings in Lincoln College, is the mark of Thomas Beckyngton, Bishop of Bath and Wells. He contributed largely to the building of the college which bears in token thereof his device of a beacon and tu?t or barrel (III. 1 ), with T at the side to suggest his Christian name. No doubt this device seemed to him to fulfil every requirement of sense and sound and to be, withal, a pleasing idea. Queens College affords several examples of the rebus ; but perhaps the most famous of these is not a picture but a custom still observed. Long ago Bishop Eglefeld (now spelt Eglesfield) founded the college with the help of the good Queen Philippa. His eagle is still seen in the crest, on the arms, and on the college furniture and plate; but as a further perpetuation of his name a needle and thread, or in the court language of the period an aiguille fiZ&, is still given on Christmas day to every scholar in residence with the admonition: The thread has its own Be Thrifty. meaning, and should be three-fold,--scarlet, black, and blue,-in token of Art, and Law. Henry Bost, the Divinity, twelfth Provost of the College, presented to it the horn of a bos mounted as a drinking This horn, in allusion to his name. on is still treasured and produced
No. 3
THE
CRAFTSMAN
a very clear representation of his name (Ill. 3). As support to a shield stands a cheerram on a rocky ridge holding ful-looking
ton, one time Dean, placed in the choir a copper statue of himself habited as a pilgrim, with scrip, staff, and scallop shells. The last was an important emblem, for it signified that the pilgrim figure being and familiar placed tun, had visited the This shrine of St. James of Compostella.
upon the convenient the name it depicted
must have been clear to the meanest understanding-James Dean-ton ! In the same Cathedral the emblem of Roger Wall is
No. 5 No. 6
emblazoned on a window on the South side ; it is a fair embattled wall with a roe-buck lying near on whose back the concluding
in his forefeet
an Abbots crazier. The Abbot of Ramsay used for his seal a ram in the sea with the motto in Latin: He whose sign I bear is leader of the flock, as
I am.
Abbot Islips Chapel in Westminster Abbey affords some very good examples of rebuses. This Abbot lived in the reign of Henry the Seventh and did much for the Abbey. He laid the first stone of the present Lady Chapel and carved his rebus and initials over his own Chapel and over that of St. Erasmus: he took the name of
No. 4
syllable ger is inscribed. Ap Harry gent posterity
Not far off John confides his name to an intelliunder the pleasing veil of
his birth-place, a small village near Oxford, and found several possible interpretations. In one, a little man, believed to be a portrait of the Abbot, is represented as slipping out of a tree, thus showing I-slip (Ill. 4). We must hope that the likeness is not a faithful one or else that his mental and moral charms compensated for his lack of physical beauty. In eye No. 7 stands for the first letter and a hand grasps a slip of a tree to complete the word (Ill. 5). The third is merely a slight variation of the second, the another a somewhat large fishy and
an Eagle, an Ape and a Hare supporting a bundle of rye; the Eagle is of course the well known emblem of St. John the Evangelist. Some mental strain is necessary fully to appreciate all of these, but Dean Yoltons YoZ on a tun speaks for itself: with this exception, the most of the devices of these Cathedral dignitaries remind one of Humpty Dumpty in Alice through the Looking Glass, when he says somewhat scornfully: My words mean what I want em to mean, neither more nor less. At St. Albans, Abbot Ramridge has left
842
PICTURED
hand catching at a branch as if slipping, A monoand the eye again useful (1116). gram (Ill. 7) and a beautiful arrangement, deeply under-carved, of his full name (Ill. 8) complete his picture that the roof is beautifully name arrangement. In the fine old church of St. Bartholomew the Great, West Smithfield, Prior Bolton has left a treasure in the shape of a lovely stone-cased window, high up in the choir (Ill. 9), with his rebus below : a bird bolt through a tult (Ill. 10). Rebuses were favorite devices with printers and booksellers, as well as with church poesies outside; carved at regubut within his little Chapel it may be seen lar intervals with this same monogram and
POESIES
the intellect so much as the seal of the Surrey Newdigates,-their choice being : An
No:9.
Prior Boltons
window with tholomews
rebus, in:St. Bar-
Ancient Portcullis-Gate
with n 7~ at the
top and a capital D in the middle: New-DGate (Ill I2). On the parsonage gate at Great Snoring in Norfolk a shell surmounting a tun,-that ever useful tun-is deeply cut in the stone (Ill. 13), and plainly testifies that the name of the builder was Shelton.
No. 8. In the Islip Chapel
dignitaries.
We hear from Peacham that
You may imagine, says Camden in his quaint way, that Francis Cornefield did scratch his elbow when he had sweetly invented to figure his name St. Francis with his Fiery Kowle in a Cornefield. It must have been difficult to particularize the Saint even with his Kowle ; it assuredly was not a device that he who ran might read. An exceptionally pretty rebus is on an old
Mr. Jugge, the printer, expressed his name in many of his books by a nightingale sitting on a bush with a rose in his mouth, whereupon was written :
Jugge, j Ugge,
j ugge, in supposed imitation of the nightingales song. Newberry, the stationer, arranged for himself, as Lower tells us, an Ew (Yew) Tree with the berries, and a great N hanging upon a snag in the midst of the tree, which could not chuse but make New berry. A simple emblem was enough for Thomas, Earl of Arundels pleasure ; an A in a roundlet or rundle does not tax
No. 11. Earl of Amndel
A
No. 12. The Newdigates 243
THE
CRAFTSMAN
No. 10. Detail Islington house : a rose, a twisted bit of cord, and a wing, which being interpreted Another story is of a gallant who loved a maid called Rose Hill, and to show his devotion to her he had a rose, a hill, an eye, a loaf, and a well, painted on his gown, signifying Rose Hill, How exciting our friends I love, well. new clothes would be if they displayed their sentiments with the same charming candor, is Rose Rnotwing.
of Prior
hltons
WindOW
nowadays ! Down
And we also hear of a South lass who replied with commend-
able brevity to an offer of marriage with a stroke made by the end of a burnt stick and a lock of wool pinned to the paper-1 wull. To quote again from the old antiquarian : thus for rebus may suffice, and yet if there were more I think some lippes would like such kind of lettice.
No. 13.
The Shelton
rebus
vv
~HRoUGll 01. i\kI. THE I:DITORS T.\ISEll TIIE A OF THE lSISTES(E C!OJIIAl1ATIV~I,Y AND SIGXIFI(.\NCE lwI,I,o\VISG MR. THERE Xl~\lSIT.y l51~wAiLIl A WEEKLY STII,L SPARGO. \V.\S TIIROUGH
ILLIAM AND
MORRIS : OPIRIONS
HIS UPON
FVILLIAM
J~ORRIS
SATURATE THE SKSSE
VITAL
AND
INSPIRING.
THE AND ROUGH THE ECON-
THOUGHTS,
TI3EO1~IES
T~IEV
VIGOR PRACTICXL
ARE OF
wITII
ASGLO-SAXOX OF THE ADVAXCED
WORK IN A FACTORY.
COURTESY AKD ~E\V GOOD 1701LK, II.AVE DOCUMEXT, IS KNOWN ITS TO WILL THE OD-
o3IIsT.
J. SPMWO OF
VALUAIILE OF l;EW
C:RAFTSMAN LITERARY \VHI(II RE.ZDERS. I~STI>AIhED
A
great bound limit, usually t&t which blc
r 7 1 a.
ervation srmirtl cities, to and go tllosc do. system, might
WHY
NOT?
mcetiiig
of
the
Commons
Presit asour were any as-
Society, a clever in
fleard
by
spcnker particular,
that
I,ontlon on
ORIGIN UY TIIE 1lY 1894,
increasing present
without that
ARE
acccptcd as
F.\(TS, ON
ALSO JANUARY
FUllNISIlED 10, IN
sumption
complacently, Now, under
think
people Cap-
the present
IU1lLISIIED THE
E:XGLAKD, OF ISSUE JIJSTICE, RIR. 0~
it is difficult stop the growth
to set anything of these horritendency is and
CESEROSITY TIIE PAPER, FIRST
(ARIWNTER, Socrar.rsT
brick
encampments to dcpopulatc for and
; its
undoubtedly sinall towns
the country
WHICH
SURTIvES TJIR vICISSITl~l~ES OY COJI;\IOX To 01 TIIE

sI:ClI I.\lERS.
the advantage manufacturing
of the great ccntres one, will
THE
:blE
SrRVGGLr: EDITORS 1\IoRRrs,

IN
comrncrcial
1AlElL
I~YXDMAN TO WlIIClI TIIE
\vERR FIL.\SD LEADING J.
hut tlris evil, and it is a monstrous

bc no longer got for rid of a nccessarv land monopoly, evil
IIAM
TAYLOR.
H. RI.
ADDITION
w-hen wc have manufacturing and the stupid
TIIE
EDITORIAT,
ARTICLE, AT.L SIGNED FRANKLY THIS A HIS THAT THREE,
REARS PAPER By
TIII5
CON-
the profit of
of individuals,
NAME T.lINRn
~~oRRIS WRITISG. RIS AND IN OF
OF
waste seems
competitive that
distribution the
; and
make upon
it of it us our
A
: HIS
ARTICLE AVOWED LITTLE GREAT
\~ILLIA>I SOCIALIST PIfORARTICLES POEMS.
probable
development will
clcctricity
CiLsier to
as a motive
undo the
power
l0
JOURNAL, hI.ASY CIIARMISG YEAR,
evils
brought
CONTRIIlUTED SOJIE APRIL THE OF OF
by
capitalist and
tyranny, determine even if it
when to
we regain like out
MOST SAME PAPERS
scnscs beings; must for
live
human that we
TIIE
IIRST IN
hit
still
turns
FOLLOWIXG YEARS, \VIIEN
APPEARED.
be dependent much could if
on coal still
and
steam toward
AFTER
QUESTIONED, TO .AS AND IT TIIE imGllT
~~ORRIS PAPERS IjE, ON l\\s
force, life
bc done
FRl~QUl~STI.Y ilrORK 111s MENT IN MOST ON A
REFERRED FACTORY
making tion were in
pleasant,
universal and of our
co-operadistribution
manufacturing the place
DEFINITE TIIE AS SUIlJECT. THE
EKPLICIT IkCAUSE OF ARE OF THE
ST_\TICTHEIR GREAT RE-
to take
present of
combeing
petitive considered tant for
anarchy. dreamers us to try of life;
At
the
risk
INTEREST ARTIST
OPIXION TIIEY POSSESS
therefore, to raise
it is imporof the
CRAFTSBIAN, THEY MADE ALL
HERE
our ideals
PRINTED.
WHICH
THE
UTTERANCES
FERVOR OF
plcasurc which
because revolution
one of the dangers runs is that the
THE
the social
THE
generation
ism,
CRAFTSMAN
ties which would be a disgrace head Indians? For profits sake; no one surely difficulty would build such dog-hutches there is no insuperable of lodging people decorated, in providing for their own sake ; in the way decently not rooms to the Flat-
which
sees the fall of
of
Capitalsysof
educated
as it will have been to bear miseries too real our present It low a standard
the thousand rcfincment ural that hy the pitiable nothing that
tem, will have far and of men who livelihood, further and
pleasure.
is natdown present to see from under is
arc now beaten even their be able relief toil than should
in airy
fear
losing ahead the
their lodgings
only with good public cooking rooms, but also with beautiful common Colleges Why lodgings, be without and a good bid it. over of Oxford should any
and washing halls for the as in the which of
terror
grinding
meal and other purposes,
which they arc oppressed; be a different in possession for the of
but surely it will factories, them and
and Cambridge, house, in flats or
story when the community the machinery, of the
it would be a pleasure arranged
merely to sit in. group or otherwise, garden, rents forof England (for that must
mines, and land, and is administering benefit community; when, as a necessary that the providing some task for give they due scope are free, consequence,
a pleasant playground?
and ample
men find a burdenit will not Surely to allow
of the mere ncccssaries that
Because profit and competition Why should one-third part of idea be so stifled and poisoned the greater the instance) Yorkshire Profit pretends organiscrs be called it wouldnt general
of life will be so far from being the people to their they will energies. refuse by
with smoke that Yorkshire must be and why
when this t,akcs place, themselves squalor
in other words when ugliness,
sheep arc naturally filth and dvc?
black?
to be surrounded hours.
and Lancashire
rivers run mere
and disorder
either in their leisure ask and answer a few of manufacture, of the to by in unhells us one branch
or their working questions pleasure Socialists. Why
will have it so : no one any longer that it would of labour, organisers pay; of not be easy to predecent life : but the who might filth, know are for lives-in in the of better that the the the
Let us, therefore, so as to put before
on the conditions
vent such crimes against
of life to be looked forward arc men huddled crowds together
and as they
most part of the year safe in their country scats, ranean, or shooting-crofters or yachting rather they Highlands, Mediter-
manageable
in the sweltering
we call big towns? For profits reduction to supply talist of labour. Why arc these crowds of competitors wages housed in wretcted for shansubsistence
246
sake ; so that a reserve army
like the look stimulating
of labour may always be ready to hand for of wages under the iron law, and the sudden demand falsely called of the capiorganisers
smoke country imaginations As should round to the
for a change, concerning-well, factories be scarcely Why
as something, to their we must why turn be, as
it is to be supposed, not get theological.
gamblers,
themselves: room to should they
there
in them?
WILLIAM
in the case of the weaving sized cotton-factories, matism? able that Why prisons. is all: sheds of over-
MORRIS
Think of that and devote yourselves of Socialism !
BE
to the
hot houses for rheucompels reason noise: their room of after it, why
spread of the Iteligion
should they be such miserProfit-grinding is no other
A IACTORY
E vv
AS IT MIGHT are oftcr no details
there
Socialists with giving
reproached of the
there should abundant they might air,
not bc ample a minimum by be beautiful
in them, nay, kind, in
state of things
which would folof that, system of dignified combi-
low upon the destruction by the lying
an d surrounded ture might tile printing
trees and g&ens:
waste and war which is sometimes tit,le of the harmonious nation of capital tern has produced
many cases the very necessities of manufacbe made use of for beautifying their surroundings reservoirs of water. In such factories not only tive; life would be ion by so in it; when go no burden, pleasure to their young labour might be made, but even most attracis most work no that sought labour after may
and labour ; many worthy unsatisfactory results, but
; as for instance
which require
in teslarge
people say, TV e admit that the prcscnt sysat, lcast it is a system ; you ought to br able to give us somedefinite idea of the results of that reconstruction To this which you call Socialism. answer, our tastes, it on abollt the and rightly, up to build world Socialists t,o please to impose manner, in bringing
works,
men and women at the time of as to a pleasure social than love, all be grief means about? relations communfriendship, quickened lightened to come Fellowvalue the
that WC have not set ourselves a system seeking assisting of history to help stances details different mechanical
nor are we in a
part,y : it is most certain arranged be more hopeful affection, joy that work; might and could family by it. Where from wrung for are the material bringing this the millions delightful
but rather that, we are a development without

us
which would that
take place these
our help, but which nevertheless it, and it would of lift from under be futile
compels
circumso
increased
to map out the of things
in a condition Those
that in which we have been details will bc taken as the who rclicved us, more of
born and bred. to bc born oppression surely into
workers, from
of surplus
care of by the men who will bc so lucky a society crushes which and
out of your labour
by the organifor invented for by the Mother. felloware disit
sers of filth ; screwed gathered your genius of
out of you
use of tools and machines ages, share of Earth, For while
will be not less, but than we are.
prudent changes of mens
the use of
and reasonable
Nevcrthclcss,
the Common about, of theologians
it seems clear that the economical which are in progress by corresponding developments
It is worth while thinking workers ! puting z&ere, here: will about the existence
must bc accompanied of their pro-
a hell else-
<aspirations ; and the knowledge in picturing
we are on the way and if capitalism
to realising
gress cannot fail to arouse our imaginations for ourselves that life at once happy and manly, which we know social revolution will put within the reach of all men.
is to endure, whatthey are born.
ever may become of men when they die, they come into hell when
THE
Of course the pictures according t.urcr, but I have already
CRAFTSMAN
raising of useful produce for the sake of say. most handand prolivelihood. Impossible! My friend, factories woods of I hear an anti-Socialist please to remember to-day large seldom paid that and parks Scotch
so drawn will vary tried to show in undomineering and not I will, therefore, venture to in this of
to the turn of mind of the pic-
Jr&ice
that
healthy will be
and
individuality
fostered
sustain many
crushed out by Socialism. develop journal pleasant work for for
some gardens, appurtenances fessional managed ceivable; say, gamckccpcrs, only
and not of highly
as an artist and handicraftsman, of April work
acres in extent; wood-reeves, wasteful from only,
with due bailiffs, way etc., conare
a little the hint, contained in the days
12th on the conditions
gardeners,
when we shall
and the like ; the whole being the said gardens,
livelihood
C~TL~ @etls?Lre and not place:
in the most miles away the factory
profit. Our factory then, is in a pleasant necessary sweltering
twenty of
the factory, the sleeping (for his own
no very difficult matter, when as I have said before people profits pleasant Next, it is no longer into miserable or is capable factory to gather hordes for is in itself
out of tllc smoke, member
and are kept up for one
partner t,o wit, who may, indeed double that part by organizing profit), Well, ter, disproportionate it follows that our factory befoul with smoke. that point, easy enough. Next, as to the buildings supposed at present should serious its that themselves, they they must I of must ask leave to say something, it is usually necessity most sary would which built always be ugly, and truly because are alits labour in which case he receives ridiculously pay in addition. on this garden nor poison business litair be the must make no sordid
sake: for all the country
of being made plcnsamidst gardens of of
ant with very little pains and forethought. our stands as beautiful Alrinoiis, the past, it of ground, is like enough (climate apart)
no
as those a thing
since there is profit-rents
need of stinting being on such gardens voluntary, as it
no water, as profit
I need say nothing apart,
more on
and the lxbour to be purely
it would
is not easy to see the day when seventy-five out of every hundred delight of all occupations their factory factory hands people will not t.ake people from in the pleasantcst and most innocent
; and our working
mere nightmares; be ugly, nay, there
will assuredly want open air relaxation work. could give many
but it is, I must assert, by no means necesthat they be no serves difficulty duly, in making might be, which is and those
Even now, as I am told, the Nottingham a hint to of all the town. to run professional drawbacks gardeners in spite
them beautiful, generously
as every building purpose as regards indeed,
of a great manufacturing is inclined of beauty beautys no means fairly
material, go,
Ones imagination riot over the picture offered beauty

248
which is built with pleasure and designers; nightmare typify buildings
by the builders sufficiently and
and pleasure co-opcrawhich the sake, exclude
as things aforesaid
by the thought for by would
of skilful
t,ive gardening
the work they are built for, and look
what they are : temples of overcrowding
WILLIAM
adulteration word; factory side, light and over-work, showing are for: at every of unrest in a on their outand
hIORRTS
So we hare Factory come to the outside the beauty of our of the Future, and have seen that of the world, of how On another occasion,
so it is not difficult to think of our

buildings, they work, checrcd what reasonable
it does not injure
hut adds to it rather.
step by hope our buildings of not bedizened
if I may, I will try to give a picture the work goes on there.
and pleasure. will be beautiful simplicity as with tomfoolery sivcncss; workshops, buildings further hall, various but, our
So in brief, workshops,
with their own beauty
as some arc now, which do moreover, factory may for beside will carry for the have mere other
not any the more for that, hide their rcpul-
I
got all
N
it; of
a recent
article
we tried into as it might externals of
to
look
through
the present
the future be, and and outa true rcalised by the in
and see a factory as far but and those without
as the surroundings industry can be only
which than that; kinds,
ornament study of
side of palace naturally ways
it will need dining places

such
library,
school,
affectation and fit for
and other
structures;
work which is to be done in them being reasonable philanthropic for beings ; I inem rich
lllillit!
nor do I SW why, if we haye a mind for it, we should not emulate the monks and craftsmen of the Middle shabby in housing for Ages our in our ornamentarest and pleasure life tion of such buildings and our search well bc shabby And again,
human will pleasin it;
ii0 mere whim of some one

manufacturer permanently the workers
~111, his
and
; why we should be
as we may
even one factory
ant and agreeable poorer will
knowledge,
11c will die or be sold tion to profit,
heir will be in his devoand order dream ; conand not
in housing if
the shabby
or more singlcheartcd from the beauty
we have to live now. it be doubted as to the builddoes possibility remind to-day one) you of getting these beautiful great (often garden factory
and all the beauty short-lived
vanish
even the external of individuals.
in industrial
ings on the score of cost, let me once again that every a palace costly that sustain amidst more than and park of the said
cerns must be the work of society, Now as to the work ! bc useful, and therefore honourcd;
First of all it will honourable and
<aforesaid out of the smoke; palace, costly factory ful stuffed things, only, as it is with is for one the sleeping
but that this

all sorts of the mcmbcr that
because there will be no temptasince there their brains money, of lafor
tion to make mere useless toys, ~11 be no rich men cudgelling for means for spending and, hour consequently, pandering no
partnei-,-usebeastly
superfluous organisers
creature !
It
is true
palace is mostly, with all it contains, ugly ; but this ugliness mongering, which
to degrading
follies
is but a part of the cultivation and can
the sake of profit, wasting and energy the shape in contriving of trumpery, despise.
their intelligence snares for cash in which they themNor will the work
bestial waste of the whole system of profitrefuses refinement to the workers, and therefore have no art, not even for all its money.
selves heartily
turn out trash ; there will be no millions of
THE
poor to make a market
CRAFTSMAN
factory will be very short, say, to be much for an arwork is within the mark, four hours a day. Row nest it may be allowable tist, that is one whose ordinary pleasant factory sary above labour, tending;
for wares which no
one would choose to use if he were not driven to do so; every one will be able to afford things shown goods lent; good enough of their will to reject kind, have what and, as will be of hereafter, knowledge
and not slavish, to hope that in no will all the work, hours work, and it follows machines even that necesbe mere machinefrom what was said being used to save
is not excelbut they for what
coarse and rough or temporary proclaim adulteration
wares may be made purposes, themselves
four about
for rough will openly they are;
will be unknown. of the most ingcnkinds will be used to
that there would be no work which of the work, the work, I
Furthermore,
when necessary, save human be used for
machines
would turn men into mere machines ; therefore at least some portion necessary tending and in fact ought compulsory
ious and best approved labour; anything
but will be used simply
nor indeed could they

else in such well-orabout ; since, value value or
mean, would be pleasant to do ; the machinenot to require therefore through a very long apprenticeship; any one person after hours factory, a machine every day, in no case should all his working as we work of our in itself to
dered work as we arc thinking
profit being dead, there would be no temptation to pile up wares whose apparent as articles reasonable of use, their conventional
be set to run up and down even so shortened
have seen; now the attractive
ns such, does not rest on the necessities but on artificial by the craving habits forced
that which was pleasant
desires of men for such things, on the public for fresh have no of the capitalists
do, would be of the nature of art ; therefore, all slavery factory a burden, Thus of work ceases under such a sysis burdensome taken turn about the and turn be tem, for whatever would would
and ever fresh profit ; these things real value as things conventional exchange profit (let us say sham)
to be used, and their utility-value of on
about, and, so distributed, from the more exciting of the factory system;
would cease to be a kind of rest be taken out as things which
be in fact
has been bred of their value, as articles for profit, in a society founded mongering.
or artistic work. in which,
then would the sting
\Vcll, tl:o manufacture whether harmful luxuries disgraceful make-shifts
of useless goods, for the rich or for the poor having in posonce used for mere that much less to get rid of all people ; so that of our
now are, the socialisation ought munity,has appropriation by individuals, for a life of special idleness; the workers of has
of labour,
to have been a blessing of the products for the purpose doubtful luxury been during
to the comof its labour of gaining of of mere of and
been turned into a curse by the
come to an end, and WC still being session of the machines profit grinding, labour ing human labour,
but now used only for savit follows for each workman;
them the very
advantages
and often a dire those
will be necessary
the result of which to the mass of

slavery, hours, ever increasing
all the more, as we are going nonworkers, the working and busy-idle time of
which long hours of labour, strain labour
each member
WILLIAM
complete repulsiveness for in the evils. article to work itself
MORRIS
tion, it is not too much to expect dren so educated at turning without will look forward wares; that chileagerly a child side with be as
have been the greatest It remains set forth gnthcring
me in another of people ordered
to the time when they will be allowed to work out real useful dexterity forcing whose manual undue its mental has been developed side by would surely
my hopes of the way in which the together in such social might the genits standand variefactories
bodies as properly be, may be utilised eral pleasure ar d, material
for increasing
intelligence,
of life and raising and intellectual
eager to handle shuttle, hammer, or what not, for the first time as a real workman, gin making,as This a young gentleman for get bold of his first gun and begin education so begun will continue ties of for the grown if and benow is to killing. the child the niceto
; for creating
in short that life rich in incident ty, but free from trouble, vainly the babbles life of, which the
the strain of mere sordid Individualist the Socialist but which
man, who will
aims at directly
and will one day attain to.
have every opportunity his craft, the but
to practisc
he be so minded, of to using sweat
carry it to the utmost degree of perfection,
I
not
HAVE
tried to show in former
articles in which and
not
for
purpose skill for
his extra his fellowand as a (or of oppor-
that in a duly ordered society, for the profit of another,
knowledge workman, honour tunities deeply
and
people would work for a livelihood not only be pleasant
his own artist.
pleasure, Similar
a factory
as a good
might
as to its surwork long
will be afforded as the subject his craft by every
him to study, beside, group
roundings
and beautiful
in its architecture, and necessary nor of as to be
will bear, the science is founded: productive it will be
but that-even the rough dorm in it might neither duration burdensome
on which provided factory), tary general But another genera1
be so arranged in itself
good library
and help in studying
for each worker ; but furthermore of such a factory, of people working towards oppurtunities that is in harend, for in-
so that the workers science or literature. further, public the factory want by how
other volun-
the organisation to say of a group monious creasing
work may be varied
by the study could arc
cooperation
a useful
supply the made. in mathus be
would of itself aFord
educational
showing
the pleasure of life. will surely who its be toward learning any children gifts book
its goods
To begin with, such a factory be a ccntrc of education; seem out likely pain, to dcrclop their special industry drawn would into bring
Competition chinery, imparted surely which
being dead and buried, no new improvements which might a general the first rcinterest in
procc?is, no detail of quircr ; the knowledge would foster
would be hidden from
would gradually
and withwhich
amidst
technical for their
instruction
work and in the realities of life, which would tend to elevate labour of excellence would in in its turn and create a manufacture, a strong standard
them at last into
a thorough been considand occupa-
apprcnticcship ered in choosing
craft ; therefore,
the bent of each child having its instruction
breed
motive towards exertion in the workers.
A strange the public,
contrast
such a state of things
of social duction part of
labour of bodily
busying
itself
in the probut we have their leisure, I in pcrof their
would be to that now existing! and especially ignorant they that which does not follow t,ion, is grossly cesses, even when
For to-day
part of it occupaand proon at the whole with by
necessaries; time:
seen that such work will only take a small t,he workers mere bodily some themselves beyond fccting craft, rest and recreation,
w~ould
any manual of crafts are carried
have supposed,
employ
its own doors ; so that most of the middle class are not only most palpable is far worlds more serious, removed from deffnccless against adulterations, any but also, which sympathy the factory,
in the niceties
or in research more general towards the
as to its principles; knowledge, creation of but some bcaut,y, for this
sonic would stop there, others would take to

studying -and impelled and would due quota ornamenting would quality only I think most-would find themselves
are of necessity
the life of the workshop. So managed, coiipcration will provide with therefore, other industrial groups,
find their opportunities of necessary the wares
under their hands, as they worked out their work for the comthey made, and and mon good ; these would amuse themselves by be limited in the quantity
an education
for its own work-
ers and contribute matter ample dining musical obviously conditions. of course,
its shnrc to the education find it easy for librar_y, to provide school-room, will such
of citizens outside ; but furthcar, it will, as a for mere r&ful buildings or nmuscments, as it will have
of such work by artistic
considera-
tions as to how much or what kind of work really suited the wares ; nor, to meet a possiblc objcct.ion, such mere amateur ~vould there be any danger of work degenerating into twaddle, for such as is now ina refuge from boreornamental
hall, and the like; social gatherings, dramatic entertainments under be easy to manage that
One pleasure-and oiic-I unknown sure only at present exists
a more
serious which is and
flicted on the world by fine ladies and gentlemen in search dom ; because our workers will be thoroughly educated what good finish) a body line or as workers and will know well trade being what the public understand work and true finish (not also, everyone well Our workers, their
must mention : a pleasure
to the workers,
which even for and degraded
the classes of ease and leiin a miserably corrupted of I mean the practice having
form.
mean, and because of workers other, will
the fine arts : people living ual skill, technical and leisure to
under the condimanare education,
in some therefore, com-
tions of life above-mentioned, USC these
and general
real work means. ~111 do their artistic cism of themselves, rades, and a public workmen. To work add beauty will furnish
advantages,
work under keen critiworkshop composed of intelligent daily artistic our will
quite sure to develop
a love of art, that is and interest in life, them the creation, all the satis-
to say, a sense of beauty to the desire for artistic faction greatest. I have started
'3.52
which, in the long run must stimulate of which is of pleasures
to their necessary outlet for the
aspirations by supposing our group factory,
of most men ; but further, beautiful,
which is externally
BUILDING
not be inside like a clean jail
or
A BUNGALOW
workers,
upon
workhouse ;
more degrading
to those who live
the architecture
special tures,
adorn
will come inside in the form as may be suitable to the Nor can I see why art, picshould life from not People would over-
their work. by one in which labour
of such ornament the highest
This is the system which we seek to overthrow, and supplant will no longer be a burden.
circumstances. sculpture,
a
and most intellectual and the like, of and reasonable in refraining and other industry.
true palace
living doing
a manly both
have no difficulty these
adornments; for using especially work besides work.
here then would be opport,unit,ies the special talents of the workers, in cases afforded Thus turning where scanty our out the daily scope for artistic Socialistic factory,
process of
OW
TO
BUILT)
BUNGA-
LOW. THE term Bungalow from of in the the banks Sarannc the places, has measure; of more or estremc and living.
of tr:Lnsll:lntation
the Ganges
to the shores in a large being residence
necessary
Lake and other summer abiding lost its significance American less than simplicity, intcndcd for bungalow a summer of
nothing
gooas useful
and not
to the community, in kind, and mere and the
will provide in duration, education occupation, al that power
for its own workers work light oppressive relaxation, surroundings, beauty those who have and youth : Serious
economic
construction
more or less primitive from the
in childh00d amusing of by
In too many instances the summer residence, in spite of the every appeal but an illy-designed bodily, In in many response ural pat,tern books. to many requests various The Craftsman presents herewith
WOOaS,
is
rest for the leisure of the workers, and withbeady of producing which are sure leisure, arc not
the streams and the rocks for simplicity, suburban instances, from
house taken architect-
to be claimed education, dcsirahlc desirable, impossible cause and Again,

wflr,
and serious occupation. for the workers ; but we Socialists to make them seem not only that Bcthem.
at
No one can say that such things are striving
arzlFv-
ings in which it is intended tion of the problem. n combination in any locality, of mason-work the bnlloon of materials
to give a solupresents easily obtainable knowledge The buildof are shinin It a is covered which with
The exterior
but necessary,
well knowing why? obtain
under the present system of society they arc of attainment-and afford necessary class to and we cannot thought the time, t,rouble, Uccnuse zye are
which may be put together the slightest and carpentry.
by any man having ing is constructed frdned tarred sheathing placed which purposed burnt technically
in the usual manner houses, paper, over
why cannot we? class against to busy but
man against not with the of war, can
man ; all our time is taken up with that ; we arc forced arts of ourselves with of trickery burden, peace, such the arts life
large pine, cc&r, the to building stain known is these as
or red-wood situat,cd. shingles
gles, as are most a.vail:rble in the locality
which are briefly, Under but be a terrible
and oppression. labour degrading to the
adi
conditions
sienna color,
and tlrc roof
in a color This
silver-stain.
454
THE
sienna color, look like together chimney, a growth curious an autumn tends oak leaf; and
CRAFTSMAN
thy of consideration. the interior, In order that the as in this, to its of sylvan note may be retained equally
in a very short time, comes to stone of the large
with the rough
the outside, is concerned, This lected, of quality,
as far as its color with the negin oak leaves. upon
to tie the building
aspires to harmonize
surroundings fact
and to give it the seeming that the principles Frederick
dull but rich tones of autumnal should be strongly to be and living
rather than of a creation. Law
It is a Olm-
which is only too often insisted in
laid down of buildings and so
by the late lamented with regard pies tion; and forts aloud
all structures Nature
of this nature, as it is not easy touch with
sted, relative to the coloration so capable of
accomplishment of
to their surroundings,-princidemonstration
and at the same time to live in an white gold, room, accented with an for the furniture. and the bookcase volumes features
environment The ample large
obvious,-em should meet with so little recogniand that, instead of structures from a part the plain of become which we cfthe seem to grow have otherwise or the forest
with Louis XV. fire-place
general
the landscape, architectural ochre
few necessary together
of summer reading, indicated lacking in gives it a cerwalls of this the exposed a wet which, to
admirable
with the other
that affront
the sensitive eye;
crying
by the pcrspcct.ive tain distinction erections of a dull
drawing, The
in white lead and yellow fitness. The large
that is oftentimes
blindness
of the owner to even the A B C and spajoints the for the simple forms of the roof, distances between tend six inches) to give
of t,his class. olive yellow, by
of decorative cious veranda, and (eight the feet,
room are sheathed and covered with burlap while construction mossy green of the ceiling color, is stained
short
a mixture,
construction
an air of genuine attained.
homeliness :
while inappropriate the ceiling, serve else. -the do,-in the purpose
to side walls, seems on better than anything
a quality
a subject try
in design
much to be sought
where it may not be handled,
and not always
It is, however, t,hat the counwith lean, by of surmounted
for congratulation houses
M7ater color tempered glycerine never drying
with glycerine, as oils would very to
side is no longer roofs, from to and
affronted
narrowv, two-story mansard anywhere acres; seeming
this instance serves the purpose
situat.ed on farms
much better and gives to the color incorporated in it a suggestion be obtained is of hard than any of maple, other of the woodland in no other manner. considerably color The floor and will receive a dark lower in value The the hemthroughout be of of in the room.
seventy-five have
to two hundred that Paris, of the and the
the designers
of these monstrosities forgotten laws of
mansard roof was the result of the endeavor to evade the building equally fact seeming that the building interior or to be unconscious
shade of brown, balance
the woodwork require, visible has
laws on the average
house is preferably contingencies lock. stone The that
of cypress; it may stone-work by
but should the firea
farm arc not quite so stringent. The of 256 plan is as simple as the outside, no particular novelty woris deemed and while presenting
place (if it can be obtained), weathered
will bc of limeexposure
construction,
GROUNDFLCBR
BEDR-
THE
sufficient strippings treatment, extremely mirably st,rong the house, length of of time to give found quarries.
CRAFTSMAN
it that in the This is ada of of occupation connected which, glass reasons omitted provided only, in semi-detached inclement for and only the is is
characteristic
spongy
look
by means of a covered way, from weather, For the floor. of kitchen obvious
limestone
except the and
if used with raked-out effective and,
joints,
and sash are removed. cellarage such storage
and will harmonize give
with the simplicity masculine extends objects in the the note.
of the plans of From the height
as is desired
at the same time,
for on the ground The
The bed the bed
rooms are moderately ventilation. cerned,
spacious
and easy of
of the top of the door to the underside the ceiling conventional life, ture. tempt would and This figured factorily The living The apartment, done as manner a frieze relating same balance beyond of in stencil,
treatment
room, as far as material is identical burlap room : viz., construction The galow second earth
and color are conand stained of
to primitive the strucatis
with that of the living side walls the former
straight,-forl~:~r~l the slightest as the building be the decoration. window

as R such
of the ceiling; arrangements
In this decoration at anytliing primitive result in disaster, equally so should
olive green ; the latt,cr of moss green. sanitary story, closet, of the bunconsist of a single bath room on the supplied together floor; with a tub and an with a lavatory shown. is a on for
pure symbolism design,
essentially
in its general together with shades
arrangement, of extreme creton
the ground Iv&r
and the provisions with these drawings
hangings
simplicity,
are made by the wind-mill for and the usual tending
in varying the room.
of
pale
In connection scheme which, this bungalow quate, proper, abrupt
yellow accented
with dull red, should satisopening a continuation from of this the con-
site in which to unite the the to
complete being
would
be built,, seems adewithout
dining-alcove, room, is treated
structure
IISL~I
to its surroundings transition
in the same manner. of the alcove shelf. the living and a convcn-
from handicraft
permanent
fittings
Katurc.
THE BUNGrlL&S FURNITURE
sist of a primitive The alcove,
sideboard serving
ient and mlobtrusive
separated
from
If, after having spect for harmony bungalow lection of furniture, ture of badly
been built with great reand appropriateness, designed and the
room by the arch and two posts, as indicated in the drawing, be used either room, bedchamber. ers, a pier living kitchen, is so arranged as a portion for It is provided glass of that it may the living as a guests,
should be filled w&h the usual colinadequate be distressin the strucaway. The the e~~semble would involved thrown the building
or as a provision
with a couch, desk; the The
ing, and the thought term furniture conceived congruity
which may serve as a bed, a chest of dmwand a writing the large pier glass facing fireplace the same. for in the
implies, per se, movable porOtherwise, importance nine of
tions of the build.ing, and, as such, should be by the designer. prevails. The times out of ten, an unpleasant sense of in-
room and reflecting
and its accompanying is intended
offices, are, sumrner
as this bungalow
%8
~I-i_. __
._
Y-=---A_
___
--
_.
_._
___-.--~--=-L_~_
:- .-
7.
!I
Fireplace:
in lirint?
room
&_____&~~~.~
.L._--_~~---
-.-----.
~___---
, _-..____
.--.q
Alcove
off of living
room
v5 9
THE
unity bctwcen the furniture ture, in spite of the fact jority force of instances of
CRAFTSMAN
TERRESTRIAL CELI2STIAL TERRESTRIAL
and the struc-
BUT
THE AND THE
GLORY GLORY
OF
THE
that every writer

rnn-
IS ONE
OF THE
on the topic has insisted upon it, in the is further from tion than it was in the Stone Age, circumstances, harmony
IS ANOTHER.--ST.
PAUL.
realizawhen, by of manThis ognized. uu111 says is true, Wlien but not always logically a rnetul reccollie ~110 casts
ners, mctliods and materials was a necessity. It is not, intended by this to suggest should return to that period, size the fact, that. necessity ity and that simplicity
lltll.lllolly. wit11 t,ioiis, is done fiuisli, of t11e uiucli is of Tliis precision slniosit furniture, t,o its
will it may of
paint pass
it to for
resemble porcelain,
that we simplicndaptcd func-
wood, when
when the worker in glass obscures its that the maker cngagcd denying in propria furniture covers his and or
but to cmpha-
brilliance woodwork severally rials and
involves
wliile various
is the key note of
with bronze, they are jointly in falsifying that bodies celestial
their matcright
priniitivc
directness. olive an Craftsluan
It
part
bodies terrestrial to appear A glance
have any inalienable persona. of
in oak mid thus
wit 11 ;L pale l~cwiiics
integral
over the pursuit
industrial will of of an of
bungalo\v. hardware furniture Russian very is used in coni~ection is of in wrought-iron, which the falls general finish, readily
art as illumined
by the light of history, when the creations by the vagaries unaware of novelty, creators for
Wbatcvcr with in into this the place
serve to show that fashion insensate in which and their demand they
men were uninfluenced
the material
sc11e111e. Great this is not being care has been taken in furnishing to omit every article that it not in a as is and essential to the comfort bungalow absolutely intended
wrought
was the source
their inspiration. To the Egyptian rock form. from world, yielding, Immobile suggested His the colossal granite and as sculptor figures by the unyielding and solid wrested force. the and unserve are Titanic they massive features
or the convenience small way usually a cheap
of the occupants, museum in urban
to make the building by an amateur curator, residences
to be indiffer-
immutable
ently managed frequently to the great
suggesting
a rule pitiless age
the case
hard as the nether millstone. in a milder and caressed and it and of the Greek touched grace
happc~is in the summer cottage, disturbance of the simple life. IN F. RIATERIAL. BINNS.
SAME YLESII OF MEN, OF
Nurtured
by the hand of luxury, lived. detail. The material called
the marble with tbc breath of genius
137!3 TIIERE IS OSE

AKOT~rlCR FISHES ARE 260 AND
ASPIRATION BP ALL CHARTXS
demanded forth
It responded world.
to his very
thought
and the result
the wonder
FL%311IS NOT
KIXl) l.T,liSI1 OF AXOTHER CELl?STIAL
TIIE
an admiring
OF FLESIC
In like manner the most successful who have material sought itself, their scorning inspiration concealment
workin the and
Bl?.1STS, OF
~\ZNOTIIER
ers in metal, in glass and in wood are those
BIRDS. AND
THERE BODIES
ALSO
BODIES
INSPIRATION
asserting The Every obedient ful rigid, color with persistent power the substance wherein they wrought. nature material of this inspiration is plain. into which can be brought One possesses substance. One is wrought out,
IN MATERIAL
material in itself and its apparent full of fascination. possibility lends itself color worthlessness Its claim of permanence is by docility to no-
and the after fire constitute tice. of Clay form
a considerable alike
service by man has its possibilities beautiOne is with a another And the but fragile
to the inspiration and there is, for inopportunity belongs toiled. of
and its limitations. one plastic.
and of
further, dividual The ancient forgotten know abode,
an unrivaled expression. modern clan. not
needle, one with a hammer, and another with a chisel. One can be drawn and a third
a
clay-worker
to an of the We his
In the dim distance nor t,he place index
can bc carved,
cdl one has
melted. which
past the first potter his name the most of is the Italy, here !
limit
beyond
craftsman sense of that to of tion.
cannot go. is able good. take beauty,
It is by an intuitive and limitations bethe evil and possibilities one direcvicwcd as or utility. color, This full is to discriminate refuse The than be may more
but the work which he inaugurated fertile nations. Prom France comes. rank to the an to HolWhat Assyria and
these possibilities
has proved characteristics inspiration Athens, land, angclo,
the critic choose the
tween fit and unfit-to production A of
through
the long
procession beside
It numa i\Iichelupon rank
substance
bers in its columns a Pallisy,
a Raphael,
a source or texture, illustrated &ii glass.
strength,
It may be beautiful
because of form, charm. beauty gare
of men whose names have been forgotten, but whose work is still known and beloved. Clay is one of the most bountiful ions of Nature. ralue. that thing tal. art
and
or the method by the special The artificers quality
of its formation of Vencplay
may lend to it a peculiar
provis-
It is often of no apparent of it lie in every valestimable this into it useful then is common buildings, in a higher the inupon How
Vast supplies
use.
to the ductile and produced been attained
of the hot material, medium. di trina, In like or lace
ley awaiting
results which could not have in another vi&o
which
seizes
transforms and articles
manner the beautiful glass, is an inspiration and method. stance, Of none belonging all with it displays
subways, degree spiration
and ornamen-
drawn from material in any other subthe qualities lend than themthere is clay. and
To the artist, clay affords, than any other of form.
Impossible
substance,
to the full, which
It leads to a realization and enables him to offer The willing clay is quick Its
to the glass itself. the materials greater
of solid thinking representation. ready sympathy Form
his ideas to the world in fact rather than in to catch the spirit of the master mind. appeals and the expression is realized built jar
selves to the hand of the craftsman possibilities
In a11 ages the fictile art has flourished, the delight the world. ceeds from of working The many has captivated
to his imagination method. The in
in a plast,ic medium of The clay pro-
of an idea becomes easy. through is as expressive
the mind of man throughout inspiration sources. abundant
of the Indian
its way as the wheel-fashioned
work of the
THE
Greek. lutely former, brant The quality upon of each depends suggestion, which
CRAFTSMAN
absoIn the a vicould face may color of almost any character and quality In glaze, no
the means employed. of surface,
legitimately is artificial
be added.
there is a plastic irregularity
which will stand the fire, of effects its in color a Its a surSuch a satisfacstandand one the Primarily purpose. of pottery
and hence a wide range and texture glaze function is utilitarian is to keep in the
not have been produced undulation, aggresivcly The call for wheel notice.
in any *other way. or with
becomes possible. piece
The hand reveals itself in every curve and not asserted with affectation claiming work The attention, its skill. is equally expressive. of surface one line made but
from absorbing surface
liquids and to afford brilliant upon valuable
subtile art displaying IIere quality
face which shall be easily cleaned. is, however, The play of light quality. producer best found So restful it affords
and pleasing. by reason of
of line and texture refinement.
result impresses A pure
tion, and it becomes ard is reached, results.
with the idea of has been conceived possible
As soon as a comparative competition An begins vies with another
and its realization
by the met.hod employed. clay is most and inspirational. of
in securing
The play of color in burned suggestive tempted build effects. brick is it and yet are full
inspiration
is therefore
in the glaze;
and when to the quality is possible. from soft color unittones of The The of potin a is in is quite different
varictv that one is to wonder why those who essay to always seeking for new color in a any Color effects can be easily secured but the natural cannot process. these A craze variation by for
of the surface that supreme
is added color, it will be seen satisfaction arising surface Each
The inspiration ed with a brilliant from textile ous; that residing fabrics. the former
by painting, wall artificial some the of
in the
be reproduced
has its place. restful, strong.
uniform look of like is the
latter is passive, radiance pressive tery scheme
retiring, from
harmoni-
color in roofing-tile painted changes lation tin.
has resulted in making products
is assertive,
perfect advantage
emanating
it is at once esA piece feature
II ow much more beautiful is taken by fire!
and individual. of decoration,
tile when of light
thus becomes
a leading
wrought
A gentle undu-
and this fact to the maker.
flows over the whole work. color set black
itself an inspiration The inspiration in possibility production open defeat. produce
The result is repose, but not monotony. From of off clay by the earliest times the natural has been a contrast, cstccmcd: sometimes as in the Greek enriched
of material
consists both The way of it is
and limitation. is barred To force result
in one direction,
in another. To follow
the bars is to and to court Unhampered can
glazed Too
vases, sometimes often artificial
by subsered ware. have been for
an unnatural
quent treatment, demanded wonder natural. itself,
as in the Aretinc colorings
the line of least resistthe craftsman fine.
ance is obvious by technical accomplish
and natural.
and it cannot
be a matter
difficulties,
that the effect it is the glory
is strained
and un-
his ends and give to the world
But while this is true of the clay of pottery that a sur-
that which is fit and therefore
For those who desire that their clay pro-
CHESTS
AND
CABINETS
against her bridal, and was the prototype of the modern article which has come to serve a similar purpose ; made of old oak, clamped with iron, it was used as a treasure
ductions shall be restful rather than assertive, there are great possibilities in glazes of dead surface. Their texture These must not be compared of the unglazed that of clay. is rather marble. with the quality
With all the advantage of brilliant glazes as regards color, they have a charm of from a bright surface. their own in the soft sheen which seems to radiate as light One does not wonder that artists and craftsmen have assiduously sought for these textures. Whether in bold architecture or simple household goods, they are charming in their quiet beauty. With such possibilities within his reach, the artist-potter of the twentieth century has no need to envy him of the sixteenth. With the traditions of a glorious past he may be confident of a still more glorious future when sham and shoddy shall alike be destroyed, when the emancipated artisan shall become the artist, and all things made by man shall be in very truth what they seem.
A
ALL
NCIENT CHESTS BY
AND AND L.
MODERN CABINETS. SLOCUM.
GRACE
furniture,
it has been said, has
evolved from the chest, which in its original form was used for every conceivable purpose. It was found in the houses of the poor and of the rich, in court, in church, and in hall. Placed against the walls, or elsewhere, it served as seat or wardrobe, bench or settle, for chairs were not known until the beginning of the fourteenth century ; made of cypress, cedar, or ebony, it was used by the Italian maiden, to store away the linen which she accumulated
Ex-Govemm Dyers carved oak cabinet
chest or
traveling
chest
by
kings
and
nobles ; and it was used in churches to store rich vestments, silver and relics of saints. The earliest mention of a chest in history is found in the story of the Chest of
THE
Kypselos, the second which was seen at Olympia A. D., and
CRAFTSMAN
in gold, and some of the cedar wood itself. of Cor-
century,
around
In this chest, Kypselos, birth, the Bacchiadae Most The of the figures in archaic embodied Journal construct story, scriptions
the tyrant
which many legends were woven. In an old MS., attributed wood, some and of to Pausanias, as a it some are of upon ivory,
inth, was hidden by his mother when, at his sought to find him. characters. in this in of this an old MS., article in Studies, relic is a
. .
at Leyden,
chest of wrought
Holland, cedar
it is described
on the chest have in-
figures,
as told
Hellenic
wherein the writer strives to remagnificent of old Greek art, which in beauty and workmanship surpassed edge. According Bacchiadae, the Delphic would to having tradition, the been told by sought hid he anything must have far of the kind
of which we have now any knowl-
Oracle that the child Corinth,
chastise
to kill him ; and his mother him in the chest. was called article was memory Thereafter, the The Olympia, Kypselos,
name to this chest in and
given by the Corinthians of furniture. dedicated of at
his deliverance,
stood in the Heraion. It is uncertain was attached ably to not period. show Corinthian early probably of tions the Judging But that before when the legend the Hellenistic goes was of a the the of chest art to the chest-probthe evidence
work from sixth from
archaic
period the first century the
dating decade
B. C. representait was
on old vases and the evichest, such as that
dence of the inscription, a rectangular
CHESTS
put to sea. long, There
AND
CABINETS
carved receptacle of English workmanship extant that is in a fair state of preservation. The carvings represent severally Romulus and Remus suckled by the wolf; the Adoration of the Magi ; the beheading of St, John the Baptist (doubtful), They are accompanied and an in episode from the Teutonic legend of Egil. by inscriptions
in which, according to the old myth, Danae It was probably about five feet bands, ornahalf as wide, and three feet high. were five horizontal
mented with scenes from Homer, and other symbolical representations, and with various devices and inscriptions, the letters thereof The pictures include the inlaid with gold.
Colonial
chest once the progerty
of IZoger Williams
Trojan
cycle, a representation
of Peleus
Anglo-Saxon dialect. The
runes in the Northumbrian coffer belongs probably to
and Thetis, the Judgment of Paris, Menelaos and Helen, Ajax and Cassandra, and the Marriage of Medea and Jason. One of the most unique examples of the ancient coffer is the little one in the British Museum carved out of whalebone and beauAccording to Roes actifully polished. count in his Ancient Coffers and Cupboards, it is believed to be the earliest
the sixth century. It was not until the tenth century that we find the first mention of the chest as an Even the article of domestic furniture. wealthy classes had little furniture, and the chest served as a packing box, trunk, or strong box, in which the worldly possessions of the household in the line of fine linens
265
THE
CRAFTSMAN
during the reign of Queen Elizabeth ; and the cabinet. The fifteenth century showed great increase in the manufacture of chests. These pieces were often beautifully carved,>or painted,or otherwise ornamented. Examples of the different styles of the earliest periods are to be found in the museums of Europe and in the old churches in England, Normandy and elsewhere ; but the specimens to be found in this country are few and far between. A beautiful example of the gilt and painted casso1z? of the Italians is to be seen at Fenway Court, Mrs.
and woolens (spun by the women of the household), were stored for safekeeping, for transportation. or From this primitive form was evolved the bench or settle with a
Italian wedding
cofYer orLGinevra chest;
collection
of H. Anthony
Dyer
panel back and arms at the ends ; the highbacked chair with box seat used for storage purposes ; the dressing table of the seventh century, with drawers; and the high chest of drawers, the chiffonier, robe. and the ward-
John L. Gardners Venetian Palace in Boston. It is a Florentine marriage coffer of gilded all over and of the fifteenth century,
further ornamented with paintings. The oldest coffers showing traces Sussex and Surrey Churches,
decorative carvings are to be found in Kent, England. on the The carving was first introduced
There are many varieties of the chest itself, each having its own peculiar name. In its first form it was little more than a strong box with a lock, made of boards pegged together, and clamped and bound with iron; the corner pieces and hinges often elaborately wrought by the artist craftsman. a trussing This was known as a coffer, chest, or a Bride wain ; the coffer. Then there
panels, in the spaces between the framings; while the framings themselves were grooved An or scratched in the shape of moldings. example of this type, which was brought over by the early settlers, is shown in the illustration. Ex-Governor It is now in the possession of Dyer of Rhode Island, and is
latter term being applied in northern count.ries to the marriage were the credence, a sort of combination of table and cupboard, the prototype of the modern buffet, or sideboard ; the food
said to have held the clothing of his ancestor, Roger Williams, the founder of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations. Most of the old chests were made of oak, which was universally used throughout Europe ; and as the artisans grew in skill, they were embellished more and more, with most elaborate carvings. In the finer chests
lockers or dole cupboards, used during the Middle Ages; the armoire or wardrobe ; the OS6 court cupboard, introduced
CHESTS
there are deeply vening Flemish value spaces models, interest cut moldings, in
AND
CABINETS
specimen made of old walnut, black with age, and beautifully alized fruit Italian Renascence. to which it belonged. carved in conventionafter the It is further embeland flower design
of the earlier part of the seventeenth century recessed after panels, arches, and pilasters, with the intercarved or figures beautifully inlaid Additional given to these
lished with the coat of arms of the family It was found by its present owner in an old curiosity shop in Rome, where the possessions from the palace of some Italian noble had been placed for sale. The Spanish chest of the fifteenth centtury was a sort of chest and cabinet combined, of semi-Moresque design and ornamentation. rare. Examples of this type are very The present owners of the one rep-
with pear, holly, and bog oak. and was
specimens by having the initials of the first owner and a date carved on the rail under the lid. Little of this carved oak furniture of the period before or after the seventeenth century is now to be found by the collector. The importation of mahogany from the West Indies finally did away with the use of old oak, and many a costly chest and cabinet found its way from mansion to cottage to make way for the new wood. Indeed, no other articles of ancient domestic furniture were so common in the seventeenth century, as these oak chests. Almost every household possessed several. During the Middle Ages chests of cypress wood were imported in which to. store tapestry These and woolen Italian chests goods. were
resented in the illustration know of but one other of the kind in this country. This second cabinet was in James Russell Lowells old house, and a picture o.f it is to be found in Edward Everett Hales life of the author.
elaborately carved or painted. They had short legs to lift them from the floor, or they a sort of were placed on dais covered with
beautiful pieces of brocade or velvet. They were presented to the daughters of a house to be used as wedding coffers. One of them, shown in the illustration, is now in the possession of Mr. H. Anthony It is of Dyer, the artist, of Providence. the fifteenth or sixteenth century, a fine
A modem King Arthur chest
The Hispano-Moresque cabinet represented is owned by Mr. Charles Mattack, of Boston, who discovered it in Madrid some years ago. It is of old oak with a heavy
THE
CRAFTSMAN
On t,hc cover is an elaborate crest of double eagle, wrought, sword and sceptre, The great exquisitely iron key in the most delicate and intricate fashion. wrought, and the machinin twelve
lid which forms the fact of the upper part when the cabinet is closed, and a writing table when it is let down. orate arrangement and of the The upper half drawers carved with When nn d and gold the of the cabinet thus disclosed has an elablittle cupboards, ornnmcntcd, and is beautifully arc overlaid
ornamental
is also curiously
cry of the spring places. beautiful This
lock occupies the entire is covered with a The cohlmns
miniature
Moorish
inner space of the cover, locking machinery piece of grill work.
nrchcs and pillars
leaf which is still untarnished. cabinet is closed, the fact to be ornnmrntcd
of the lid is seen
on the corners are carved, as arc the handles on the ends, which are also surrounded with ornalllcntation. The front is similnrlp ornamented, and hcrc arc two great iron rings. lished The back is a replica of the front, and sides nre further delicately wrought cmbclwith ornament. and the top
with designs in wrought patterns is said to fourteenth
iron over rich crimson velvet. The manner of using openwork in iron over red cloth or velvet 11avc been century. first usrd in the
The iron ornaments on this caboverlaid with gold leaf, The old
inet were originally
Its present, owner asserts that it is two or three hundred years old, and it is probably of even grcatcr antiquity. England, there is In Northamptonshire,
of which some traces still remain. a great wrought iron key.
lock is in the ccntrc ornament, and there is The lower half into larger comof the cabinet is divided
a very ancient coffer bound with iron work, which is supposed to belong t,o the twelfth century. This iron treasure chest probably dates from somcwherc near this period:
partments, and the face of it is inlaid in old ivory and painted wood in red and black, in geometrical design. fine specimen, owned Another remarkably
though I have not been able to fix the date. The plain ironbound coffers arc of great antiquity, those with mndc before tccnth covered but, the best authorities claim that locks could Carved hardly part of have been the fourchests the latter
by a well known collector in New England is the Russian iron treasure chest shown in tllc illustration. It, is a wonderful example of Ruswork, its of the work of the artist-craft,snlan sia, or perhaps of Gcrmnny, plicated spring lock, its grill
with its com-
century.
treasure
with ironwork during
were manufactured century; it is said his in the Anothrr as the is conand
scutcheons and key, and carved bands and ornaments, rsquisitc all hand wrought in the most made to fashion. It was evidently
in Germany
the fifteenth in which
and rrccording to Mr. Roe, there is a strong box in (awdor that the of box of with Thanc trcnsurc middle strong Much ncctcd (:nstlc William transported was built century. served III
carry the treasure of some grandec back and forth, and is fitted up with broad iron bands and haps and patllocks,and heavy iron rings and l~andlcs by which it might be lifted. weighs one hundred thirty pounds. It There
when the castle the fifteenth
is said to have romance these and
tmvelling
coffer of Edward
of England. chests;
are also holes in t,hc bottom so that it might bc screwed to the deck when on shipboard.
history
ancient
THE
those who are fortunate regard it as among possessions. The fashion not only for for furniture specimens enough their
CRAFTSMAN
Knights Galahad, the ends. enamels. Another modern specimen of unique interest, is the beautifully the Philippines. ing the late war. carved chest from home by durof the Round Bors, shields The Table, are Launcelot, on in painted
to own one, precious
most
Gawain,
etc., are carved
to hark back to earlier days, ideas in decoration, itself, but also Many fine is one of the causes of out by the modern
the recent revival of the chest. are turned artist craftsman.
It was brought
an officer who was stationed
at Manila
One of these, which was
It is in two shades of
A Filipino
carved chest, owned 1)~Cd. Dyer.
designed Rhode Mauran, shown.
by Island an
Mr.
Sidney and
R.
Burleigh, by is line,
a also with
mahogany, and sides.
beautifully The work
carved
on the top by hand work. and excelsemi-
artist expert
carved
Miss
was done
in this carved
by the Filipinos, niture between It is an exquisite is evidence lence civilized attained peoples.
who hold the piece of furtheir feet while they piece of workmanship of artistic supposedly by these
It is known as the King in the centre of
Arthur the front
chest, and has panels the Pendragon panel,
in relief
of the degree
and the heads of Arthur
and Guine-
vere on either side of it. 270
The arms of the
WORK
OF ROBERT
OF THE JARVIE. the more
JARVIE
There was no
A
lighting
APPRECIATION WORK To OF ROBERT student
design it from an old cut.
doubt in his mind that to get a simple iron frame made would be an easy matter, and horn,-were not thousands of cattle slain they An old Hol-
the true
difficult the task of obtaining knowledge on any subject, the more interesting and diligent becomes the pursuit. discovering information any authentic The task of and connected is
each day at the Stock Yards?-surely could be had in abundance.
lander was found whose confidence in his own ability to make a Dutch lantern was unbounded. Jarvie He received the order, and Mr. away for the horn. He hurried
relating to the history of the Practically nothing impor-
of homes and public buildings
most difficult.
found horns in abundance, but horns just off the head are far from being nicely polished pieces for lantern lights. He bought several specimens, however, and took them home, but after a few sad experiments gave up his attempts to cut and polish this very raw material. His discouragement was further enhanced by a visit to the old Dutchman, whose idea of a lantern was far removed
tant concerning it has been written in English, and those who would know more of the means used by the ancients and by our own ancestors to dispel the shades of darkness, have been obliged to content thmeselves with stories of ancient times, pictures of primitive interiors, stray articles concerning the customs of our forefathers, and the few genuine relics which have remained. Mr. Robert Jarvie, of Chicago, became interested in this study almost by accident. Although a business man, he possesses a strong artistic impulse ; from his boyhood he has been fond of making things, and has devoted much time to various forms of art: -cabinet making, pen and ink sketches, and book binding, in a desultory way. He chanced one day into the antique shop of a friend who asked him where an iron lantern might be found,-one with horn lights like the old Dutch lanterns. Without hesitation he replied that he could get one made, and would
THE
from the one entertained by Mr.
CRAFTSMAN
Jarvie, those when nightly persistently he succeeded the sound of his hammer was heard. After much difficulty, of polAt last, in in getting stood before front flat pieces
and who, unfortunately, persons man-Mr. rivets, not amenable Jarvie Determined
was one of to criticism.
to succeed-being purchased
a Scotchset
ished horn which he bent himself. the lantern shown in illustration-and The making
sheet iron and work bench
him complete,-as it soon hung shop.
and at a temporary
of his friends
of this lantern
not only revealed to Mr. Jarvie his ability to do good work in metal, but turned his attention art shops to interior galleries illumination. libraries, antique to disfrom ancients,illumination observance pine torchwalls the and He began to hauct
in an endeavor subject,
on
cover the history interesting fires lighted altars of
of this most the domestic
the
which served for as well as religious -and the blazing into es thrust
the clay
of the primitive our own country cately troliers. publish searches. may from grease be collection the shaped He
log cabins of to the delimodern has elecsucceeded
so well that he expects soon to the results of his reIn seen his an workshop interesting lamps, iron keroold little
of American queer
lamps of the sixteenth to the modern the taste for
Petticoatlamp:
apartment, craftsman. about fhat 272 began Only his the
tin; period
1800
century sene oil lamps. One things lighting high, blessing which has brought flaring
up in one corner of the dining-room serious angels work who forth
of his as a hover from below3
lies in the more artistic and glaring electric of
the earnest building
arts and crafts tenants
workers
of our homes ; for in place of the gas jets
can tell why he was not driven by the irate
bulbs we may now have the mellow light
WORK
artistically shaded.
OF RORERT
JARVIE
candles and of lamps pract,ically, as well as We may have even the
he designed and made a brass candlestick. Its success was so great that others soon followed, and Mr. Jarvie earned for himself the sobriquet of The Candlestickmaker. Nearly all this work is of cast brass or copper, brush polished, a process which leaves the metal with a dull glow. Some pieces are cast in bronze and their unpolished surfaces are treated with acids which produce an exquisite antique green finish. design ones. There is also a quaint a low candlestick in spun brass:
with a handle, quite different from the tall The charm of these candlesticks is in their simplicity and purity of form. The graceful outlines and soft lustre of the unembellished metal combine to produce
Dutch
lantern.
iron with
horn lights
bayberry candles with their faint green tinge and delightful fragrance so cherished by pioneer housewives, the making of which craftswomen vived. in the East have reCandlestick: spun bmss, 6 inches high
But Mr. Jarvie was not satisfied with the modern candlesticks he found in the shops, and following his custom of making for himself what he cannot find elsewhere,
dignity as well as beauty, and the possessor of one of the Jarvie candlesticks must feel
THE
that nothing tawdry or frivolous placed by its side.
CRAFTSMAN
and design and make for it a shade, not only artistic and harmonious, well. The material for but practical as these shades is
can be
While most of Mr. Jarvies productions
opalescent glass, put together with narrow copper strips or fine lead. One has but to visit the department and even the so-called art stores crowded with impossible creations
Spun hrsnn, 13 inches
high
Iron lantern with horn lights
are candlesticks, his greatest personal interest is in lamps and lamp shades, and nothing delights him more than to discover a suitable vase or jar, to convert it into a lamp,
874
of metal, gauze, silk, beads and paper, in order to appreciate the quiet but satisfying beauty of Mr. Jarvies lampshades. The motive in all Mr. Jarvies work is
THE
CRAFTSMAN
a medium of exchange between the producer and the consumer.* The movement started among a few people who realized the possibilities of industrial development in the old town. Hingham was one of the earliest settled points on the Massachusetts coast, and is rich in historical tions. associaThe early inhabitants were industrious, intelligent, and well-to-do. They brought the mother with them from of farming,
utility and simple beauty rather than a He believes striving for striking effects. that a candlestick is not the place for the display of the human form, and that sea
country not only a knowledge but also a fair proficiency in the mechanical arts. As time went on, special lines of industry came into prominence, ly
Candlesticks: brush finished brass
and Hingused.
ham manufactures were wideknown and widely The Hingham bucket was especially famous and found its way into almost every household in New England. Other manufactures were more or less successful, but the perfecting of machinery in the latter part of the nineteenth century threw much of the costlier handmade product out of the market. America has had her Dark Ages of workmanship and design, when houses were filled with ugly, illArts and Its made furniture and crude decorations. The ginger jars and drain pipes covered with gaudy pictures and varnished with a heavy glaze, the macrame lambrequins which hid the beautiful lines of colonial mantelpieces, the sideboards and rocking-chairs with no these, semblance of beauty or usefulness:
shells and mushrooms should be viewed in their native element rather than as shades for lamps.
H
THE
INGHAM CRAFTS. AND CHESTER
ARTS THEIR LANE. of
AND AIMS . BY C.
OBJECTS.
Hingham
Society
Crafts was organized two years ago.
object is to promote artistic work in all It hopes to bring branches of handicraft. designers and workmen into mutually helpfxl relations, and to encourage workmen to execute designs of their own. It endeavors to stimulate an appreciation of the dignity and value of good design, and to establish
876
*From the circular issued by the Society of Arts and Crafts, Hingham, Mass.
HINGHAM
happily, arc things of the past. in domestic handicraft. work and embroidery tion.
ARTS
And with
AND
CRAFTS
various industries were well started. tion, and felt its way gradually to it.
the higher ideals, came a revival of interest Bits of old needlewere brought down
The Hingham Society began with its organizaalong the
different avenues of work which were open The members owned frankly that it was an experiment, but two years of growing usefulness have justified their faith. It was determined that a high standard of excellence should be set up, and only those products are offered for sale which receive the approbation
. . ...-.*
from dusty attics for admiration and imitaChairs and tables, of exquisite deHandsign and honest purpose, took the place of flimsy and over-decorated furniture. made articles began to have a new value and significance in the face of so much that was cheap and worthless. of the twentieth century, At the opening public interest
of the committee.
was thoroughly aroused in more than one locality, by what had been accomplished among a few earnest workers. The little town of Deerfield, in the western part of Massachusetts, offered for exhibition exquisite baskets, attractive rugs, and beautiful embroidery, in proof that a revival of these once famous industries was practicable, and there were those who were convinced that in Hingham lay similar possibilities. The feeling gradually gained ground, until in November, 1901, it took shape in the formation of the Hingham Society of Arts and Crafts. The management of the new society was placed in the hands of a council of fifteen persons, whose decisions relate to membership, general aims, and all This council includes financial questions. the president, secretary, and treasurer, which officers the council elects annually. Each handicraft is under the charge of a special committee, and each committee is represented in the council by at least one In this member, usually by the chairman. way, the council exercises such an oversight of the sub-committees as to insure the smooth and harmonious advancement of the dierent branches of the work. The Deerfield Society organized after the
The aim of the Society has not been merely to establish a market for salable goods. Many articles would find a ready sale which are not within the scope of such an assoNor is it a philanthropic instituciation. tion, and while it endeavors to help craftsmen to find a market for their goods, it does not hesitate to reject inferior or inartistic productions. This was a point which at first there was some difficulty in making plain.
If
THE
worker derstand it. On deserving made a rug or a basket which was confident the would sell, she could should a needy other hand, if
CRAFTSMAN
she IVirginia, and ing. ing was there by invitation gave of that institution, of lectures and dyea course after
not unreject and
why the committee person
demonstrations
on the art of vegetable effort which that these
It was only and painstaking discovered by
much experimenta process desirable
offered inferior
or unsuitThese their of the con-
able work, it was not always easy to make the decisions seem just and equitable. problems, committees however, are working out own solutions, and the judgments
shades are produced, The making
and the achievement was one of in which the the
deserves full recognition. of baskets first of t,hc various activities
are regarded
with greater
fidence value. The young cessful just
and
respect
as time in Hingham
proves
their
society used. being ing colored great bitions Much
is now engaged. Of these baskets, are by design. far The
For this purpose and raffia are made from artistic, are offers those
reed, burned-reed, association branches is still too many but sucit feels to have developed of pride in what the making durable very burned-reed unique and
palm leaf,
the most raffia
industry, it has of
and singularly
rich in colorbaskets dyes and by and give original
accomplished. of its branches dyes. in for The
One of the most important has been Raffia a dozen in soft,
with the vegetable effects. for scope held individual
vegetable and fabrics
very pleasing
This industry
colors
is offered
accepted
shades,
work, as has been amply each August attention
shown at the exhithe Society. to form, as
rugs or embroideries
are dyed to order.
official dyer went last autumn

278
to Hampton,
has been given
HINGHAM
well as to coloring and of design, rugs
ARTS
and the
AND
clothing. bags, -presents design.
CRAFTS
Bead great Candles, work,-in variety made of and for of woven chains, and wax, orders
results are highly The culties. and by great the the manufacture The
creditable. rag has pre-
necklaces,
card cases, belts, fobs, etc., coloring bayberry
sented more than the usual number of diffiunattractiveness imposed have been of the work limitations material
are in demand,
these large
obstacles
to the artistic however, make of it
results desired by the Society. By proper is possible are and Here which cleanly, coloring. vegetable effort, to light, rugs
durable, attractive again the
dyes come into play,
and the rugs may be made in any color scheme desired. The workers have tried needlework adapting ern uses Original deserve spreads, and far of and designs much table in embroidery the old colonial days, to modgreat and Bed bags, gone to revive the designs of
convenience.
beauty are also furnished, praise. covers, have our The of
center
pieces of
to establish
the deftness modern old-time made by the Socinow as grandThe accompanythe quality have only embroidery of the have been filled. These fragrance. one of the most activity. furni279 bayberry dips
and industry needlewomen. netting several in the
and fringes, members days of as popular our
ety, prove
mothers, who also appreciated daintiness ing work done. Spinning inence are and weaving produced for lately and been undertaken, but fabrics of great promand durability. show illustrations are a delicate a faint, Cabinet interesting In this green in color, and give out
pleasing
work represents
phases of the Societys beside. artistic
department,
HINGHAM
ture,, old-fashioned and piggins arc buckets, made. tubs, Great
ARTS
churns, of toys,
AND
folk
CRAFTS
townsit is be enrolled as members,
time, a great number of the capable arc already to defray of possible that a commission charged
ingenuity
has been shown in the manufacture delighted the hearts of children of
may eventually
and tiny buckets and nests of boxes, such as half a centreproduced. has ury ago, have been successfully One of the members done and silver. develop, It What is excellent another work has in iron ; produced and will
the many, small expenses. by this quality of It the unselfish
Even the most skeptical,however,are time convinced the Societys
the Society
interest in the movement;.
beautiful
effects in copper
Doubtless,
as time goes
on, new lines of activity provetobelatent
and other talents will in the Society. asked: basis of whole frequently
is the financial
the Society, arrangement one. to upon but, plan Whether be at
and what is done The is a very simple or not it proves depends this is the Every circumstances,
with its profits ?
permanent, various present,
upon
which the Society it can be marked stamp,-a be a committee of its artisThe price in most The
Embroidrry
conducts
its business.
article,before Hingham brought qualified
with the Societys before to judge
buck&,--must
tic excellence is then fixed,
and its satisfacand,
tory workmanship.
cases, the article is put on salt at the annual exhibition. money worker; the Society, paid for it goes to the at present, asking no as The The running expenses are met itself.
is always the work, and not the organization, that is looked upon as most important. feeling has made it possible to attain signal succcsscs, way to still more worthy This for the Society
commission.
by the admission latter
fees to the exhibition,
well as by those to the Society are not annual
and will pave the achievements.

281
dues, and as by this
THE
CRAFTSMAN
A
effort between chasing problem merits
RT
NEEDLEWORK COMB COLLEGE.
IN
NEW-
durable ing
materials in
and
stitching and the
; rather
showpopular that the in the elaborate
than to achieve wonderful perfection difficult in the combinations. in the hope solute utility, dignity making +I est joy within of Abandoning
execution,
Ecoh-omcs are involved

produce art-school appreciation a harmonious standards and
to
relation a purThe with
idea that the chief
attraction
in work lies from ab-
earnings,
yet holding
from the public. color and designs
art ideas cannot be truly separated
in art needlework of excellent
is to combine the
we must always recognize
of the worker who feels a pride beautiful real artist The delights craftsman to become
every work of his hands. finds his keento the artist Departin its must reopen
craftsman. him.
in work which appeals
It has been decided ment of Kewcomb courses in drawing, bc promised sult. Teaching
by the Art
College that a student of color and design, always
ability having had four years training some definite remunerative is, of course,
NEEDLEWORK
to those who are by nature qualified to follow it. For the majority who prefer studio occualready mentioned in thiF It is now an acand cconomgrounds, for by Department. wider art was made artistically in the Art of pation, the pottery, Magazine, complished ically, workers Two choice factor,
It is the variety gether tion, high that place enables among
of
materials for
used, to take
toits
with this scope
individual
crea-
needle-craft the so-called
was installed.
lesser arts.
operated trained ago years
on the college the opportunity
in the application by the formation
possible,
of a needlework promise could of be
class, meeting sonal interest important more natural
the needs of those whose perin that art gave What
developments.
for a school of artist women? case with which the small emphasizes of the proto the labor.
Applicln(. for ch:rnp~~ of ttsxtaw 2H9
The comparative the freedom
necessary equipment is controlled and independence ducer, thereby adding happiness
NEEDLEWORK
expected, culty are used, as well as silks. which Diffilend treatthese with linen and rough in obtaining weaves to unequal themselves
varying
ment, suggested
the use of the matter afshown by the and plays
loom, and of such simple dyes as native vegetable fords. In the wall hanging the material, woven same hand carried perfectly that planned
out the design,
into the cr6pe-myrFabric and deeach
tle-tree motif.
sign arc as much a part were tapestry in the ject, fabric
of the other, as if the hanging
; while interest
has been richness Much preof the subby the use exuse and
Designed and executed by 31. Drlarigne
served by restrained unusual of broken color. pcriment the of silks, without inevitable threads.
treatment is given
adjustment thoughtfulness skilful vidual
of
materials of each the
that workers.
we see the In their indias
really valuable on in this of cloth
hands,
design Planned
becomes for
has been
carried
and unique.
its best
in any way limitations
transcending
service, however is stitched
simple,
it is recognized
a creation ; and the signature into the design, mark of college N.T.N.
of the creator as well as the approbation,
Indeed, it is in a fine, harmonious
In the magnolia hanging tiles. tones
motif wall
texovergreys
is shown one of the Here the quiet and
Frequent uses of applied of greens
have been slightly by stitching. The
reinforced
china-ball-tree of
motif
arfor
shows a very satisfactory rangement practical the design
use as wall protec-
tion, behind a buffet or shelf on
THE CRAT;TSMAN
which objects, Reproduction the important already placed, may not elementary knowledge of design and of the laws of color. Having such knowledge, she would do well to follow the process which is here subjoined in detail: The design having been made of the size of the work to be executed, the portions intended for applique are cut according to the models contained in the cartoons. These shapes are caught the background, down smoothly upon and are outlined in a long break the lines of ornament. fails where color occupies place, as is necessarily the It is regretted In reviewing that the
case in needlework. the examples shown.
even design values suffer material change in work, however, we feel that the care with which over-decoration has been eliminated, distinguishes it as possessed of high artistic qualities. A quiet reserve in design, combined with execution which duly recognizes the limitations of textiles, is perhaps the most marked characteristic of what this organized effort has already accomplished.
running stitch, with a worsted cord, about three-sixteenths of an inch in diameter. For the applied portions of the design the Craftsmen linens arc effectively used upon a background of heavy canvas. scheme must be fixed. The design having been chosen, the color This may be based
TENCILED BINATION
FABRICS WITH
IN COMPEASANT
upon either contrasts or harmonies: the f ormer basis demanding great discretion and a tine sense of proportion on the part
EMBROIDERY.
THE needlework which passes under the name of peasant embroidery used to consists introduce of
appliquk
changes
of
color, and combined with stencilwork in patterns conventionalized from natural forms. The Craftsman fabrics upon which this method is successfully employed, backgrounds have variations in the tone and color suggesting
of the finer Orien-
tal rugs. The method is simple and the results most effective, especially when compared with the small outlay of time, skill
and money necessary to accomplish them. To produce this embroidery the needlewoman must possess an 286
STENCILED
of the needlewoman ; the latter being more easily handled, as it involves only closely related color-elements, as, for example, olive green and Prussian blue ; French yellow. educative of blue and emerald of the place green; raw umber and lemon This portion study, and work may -become a highly the needlewoman in possession a valuable and extensive knowledge of the laws and possibilities of color. To further this end the old French tapestries and the combinations of the Venetian painters, such as Titian and Veronese,
Portion
FABRICS
of a frieze. Fabric: olive grem C~IIVRS; stenciled brick red.peacock )Jlue md h-u
design
in
should be carefully examined $vith the view of surprising the secrets of their full orchestration of color. Great care should also be given to the method of stenciling. The colors to be used should be mixed dry with white lead and turpentine to the consistency of thick cream ; the white lead having been previously spread upon sheets of blotting paper to extract the oil which it contains. The stencil plate is made from tough, thin paper, rendered non-absorbent by treatment with paraffine. The design is then placed in the desired position, the fabric held upright, and the colors pounced or rubbed through the plate upon the fabric ; the
Portion of a f&w. F:rl,riv: sagr grecm ~:LII~.s: strnciled Gobelin blue. brick red and orange .design in
THE
amount of pressure required being mined by judgment It may work The increases and experience. that
CRAFTSMAN
deterthis
be said in conclusion in interest who labors
as it proceeds. intelligently of form and from
needlewoman
to produce
these combinations
color will find that she may advance the little to the large, an enviable critical she may acquire together
that by these means with manual skill,
power.
supplcmcnt
rnch
other.
A false
quantity
TIrm12 arc ccrtnin

to tlw dccorativc tliSlTgllYl malxs arts, of wliicli
mnsims
relatiw or and fatal,
tlw nowacccptancc is :Ll~Solutcl~ :Jmost

:Illd SCllSc
tlic wortl dcCor;ition

ill it 5 silnpl<5t
as nmcli
a trl*tll of Colltcnlpt
as tllc ~v0rd
C\-tc~lltl(Yl
ikrtiStiC.
I)tsCO~iLt iOl1
its IWht ;Illd ing, 1)~ niwns
lllot
tllcrcf0W
is
tllC
l)liLC-
of li:ui(licr:lft
upon
an ol),jcct,
in a tlc~or:it ion is, or should

ant as ali
L
improper
Iii
hc, ns linplcasin rcso much tiiiic
list
of counterpoint it Iwars tlie lionorcd
tlic sister
sclllbl:lllcc.
art tliat well
to which spite genius d~+kd of the
of
apliorism Iask certain tlctcrniincd an
know limits, second
no I:Lws, the art are, within as accurately of
principles
of decorative
:IS tlic law for
Ilie resolution dcgrcc.
cclliation
1: VCIl
or
place
surfiwc,
its or ol).jcct
of
\-;llUC
soliictliin,g
:Lll(l more lllnl;C irltcrc~til~g
wliich
111:Lt to
slrall
~XLltiCllh live
cnwith.
Il:UlCC
Ikwrat is, aside
ion r~lucc~l from
t.0 its
siinplest more
clcmcnt or less
tlic color,
nothing
with
n limited
knowledge is almost inwntor
of the as much of the
operations that abhorred diminished by to Nature matters, absoas that
of nature,
one rcndily
determines
lntc symnwtry Katurc wwntli, thnn an :~rrnngcmcnt aud not of specs, which like 13x11 but tlw quality 1x2 t;Llicii the notes in a 1nusiC:rl clloul, :wc rclatcd
tllc viLC1111111 ; ;n~d it. might was the and tliat
~1~0 1,~ said invariably While in urt writers,
she charms
of tlic uncspectcd. in spite as tlic authority
is in no scnsc,
of various
to tlic otlicr
011ly complement,
THE
nevertllclcss, sllc furnishes \-:~lu:Lble of the tools. :wl
CRAFTSMAN
cwt ion of the designer, rcmcmber, . . . liowevcr, that
tl~rision bccomcs an artistic
one of the most s110u1d be treated
7410 must :IJI esccss vice.
always
of sub-
IIcrctofore simple probleiii r(fct:~nguliw
we 11:~~ dealt of the spxc by means
with the same of n of of right lines,
subdivision
whicli treatment.
in spite of tile severity
\\-ith respect
:~ccortlingl~
; I~orrowxi
from, in
l)ut
not
iiiiitatctl.
Wit11 this
thoiigllt proposit,ion
111ind, tlirning
to t lit simplest
-for instance. tlw tlivision of a rwtanglctlie very 11oYicc r~cog::nizc5 tllc Ilionotony tlw lint. \vliicli tliridos 111~ mo~iilg it tl1roligli of tlw diritliilg
of
tllc combination, lacks the clcmcnt of conits iiiiport:~ncc trast by wliicli :dont
the center.
line to one side
mny be desired rigid by
or the otlr(:r, ;\s sllown IIF tllc sccon(1 illustrn-
apprc&tc(l. to lieigliten
If
it, is particularly becomes intensely
tl1c severity
of the composition,
oacl1 line thereof
the introduction of some one curved form for an ,zrcent. IVe now come to tlic condition wlicre tlie line which diYidcs tllcsc simplc sliapcs from absolute decoration is the hnrdly perccptiblc. \Vith the triangle,
tion, cscitcs curiosity
and the result
is in-
tcwstin~~~ This division, wliilc not being n :Asolutcly sterile of the decorative elcmcnt, Carl be ~nadf more pleasing bg R re-division of one of the t,wo spaces along the
sa~ne
lines,
as that of the first implaccment, by which mcik~ls r:triet,y is gained a~id space armngement of a simple kind is approached. These llorizontal line, the circle and the addition
subdivisions
may
be continued
at the dis-
of a small amount of detail, which in many
Utamaro
291
DECORATIVE
instances explains construct of the first rank. too much, it is possible to or figure composition from the simplest work, -will possiby the accomThe genesis of mural, or
ART
Let us now analyze Resurrection, the by
been laid down. decoration entitled
a landscape
The
Giotto : the lines of this composition and corroborate force of fact. composition,and our argument with considerable
justify
in fact of any decoration, elements to the completed bly be better
with all the authority,
It has been asserted of this
comprehended
parrying
illustrations,
which
are numbered
that early Italian ceeding decorative
art produced
nothing
exand the
1 to 8, than it could be by an even more estended analysis. It is curious the great seemingly to notice how the works of explain which these have masters simple invariably propositions
it in perfection propriety
of arrangement pictures Equally of
: which qualities tend to

in any serious striking
293
make it one of study
the great
world and not to be neglected of the Pine Arts.
294
DECORATlVE
is the result obtained arrangement Fra Angelico: of The from the study of the Transfiguration, by whose composition to our argument,
ART
factor in the com-
at once a very important position ing, since it suggests In The Madonna
and a rich source of symbolic meanthe Great Sacrifice. and Infant Child, by
a picture proof
would add further
if proof and decorative
were needed ; the plans lines forming scheme,
of curved figure
Carpaccio, a strain
the results arrived at are planned that would be creditable engineer. in In sheet by a modern
straight
a remarkable arms being
with a precision
and the upright
of the Saviour
with outstretched
this design the subtile symmetry,
the oppo895
THE
CRAFTSMAN
equaled in the history of art. eliminated, the basic With their retained
sition of triangles and the segment of circle are all emphasized by the rigid lines of the architectural forms ; the banner-staff held by the Doge and the brand carried by St. Christopher are splendid examples of the intelligent use of decorative materials. The architectural quality found in the Ship
traditions modified and the sacred element principles of made possible the splendidly decorative sermans in the color prints production Japan ; the a peof which, after covering
riod of one hundred and fifty years, became
The Ship of Fortune.
Pinturicchio
of Fortune by Pinturicchio, are almost startling in their relationship to the compositions of the old Buddhist priests and artists, who possessed this quality in the highest form, and whose productions, inspired by a most subtile appreciation
296
practically
extinct
in the middle of
the
last century owing to the introduction of civilization. alleged While Commodore Perry, no doubt, is entitled to the distinguished consideration of the outside world, the disastrous influences which came in his train are only to be equaled by the
of the deco-
rative requirements, have almost never been
artistic both blows, of
vandalism which not likely
of
the Reformation art has
; in
and black trousers. tiori of this fact Siutsu perform arraiigcincnt
It, is in the deterininathat the Notan exists. for the
instances within
suffered
our time, at lcast,
the same functions
to be wholly 11ealed.
AS >LprOOf
Of tile StiLtPllll3lt Ill>ldC!FlbOYC
of the color. of the works of these that a returning the East
It is to the study great men of coulprchcnsion dccorativc smnons pwscnt tiom
regarding
the art of Japan, by Hiroxhigi task Ict tlic and
a rcproductiou is prcscntcd. the artist. attcn1pt an
of a color print of this how the difficult instance, very
of the needs of our modern Tet in spite of these at every hand, the structures dccora-
This pict,urc is a succcssf ul accoiiiplishiiicnt set bcforc student note If thcrc be any doubt alteration results. iii tlic slight, l!$ually as to his mastcr_v in no lllilttcr esplaincd illus-
art is due.
which are found not one-half
w:~lls of our privat,c and public tivc art that is found and indeed of
lint, Space
of the genuine
arraiigcincnt, is this point
in the sniall illustr;land Vallat,on ; another Occithe possihilitics

I3eardsley, first t,o last wl~osc abounds
the disastrous
by rncn like Stcinlein it is doubt4

and Kotall Aubrey from
if
in that cclcbratcd t,rating silk culture
scrics of drawings
dental has ever apprcciatcd

cr too every in short-lived coinposition
and done by I~t,anmro,

Ill fact,
i1S did tllc :LltOgCtll-
whcri at the zenith of his powers. arts of the world, of environmciit,

11avc been based
it inay be said with truth that all the great in spite of the influences and religion,
the Snlllc up011 esnct1y
food
for
reflection.
l<qually apply
true is it of the decoraa wry an in of are
tcuipcraiucnt
that these principles
to all forms
domestic art as well as to the surface iiiodcrn craftsman sterns t,o have
fornlulue ; and a J;~pllcsc etching by Rembrandt of the best period, side and give scI1sc of repeat, true artists, artful unity,
color
print,
an
tion of walls ; and as a matter of fact, much bct,ter coqrchcnsion man who bears dubiously art& too many instances the
and a Greek
vast,
may bc viewed side by an absolute being To artful, for their inakcrs
of them than the the title of soiled worker
to t,hc bcholdcr
With regret be it said that in only of fabrics, the joiner craftsmen,
were of necessity
art of all tiincs, in all counis and of ncccssit,y wllilc dcpcndof
uwtal, the designer furniture, inorc display iiiastcrs nearly
tries, and by all rams, The problem iirg primarily spaces, Notan
and t,licir kindred iii sympathy
must be built on the sanlc foundations. of decoration, upon the

as
with the great upon the walls of The prinshall of of all service, thing
than are the irien who poikipously their mediocrity
arrangciiicnt
relies inucli upon pertains
tlic two clcincnts
our public buildings. It is intended (raftsinan ciples advocate objects aud against in a series in future of issues of which to cinbodg the iicccssity iiitcndcd the ugly for of thcsc dccorntivc articles for
known to the Jap:rl~sc pcndcntlp delineation in a black exigencies
Sota
and siufm.
indciii the
to the arrangcnirnt
of tlic chiaroscuro of a mm, coat, gray
of tllc picture, be attired and wllitc vest
the lights and (larks : as, for instance, who ulight trousers
the exercise
care and knowledge press
in the designing l~ouschold the simple
vest, but who may be rcyuircd
by the artistic
the claims
to w-car a white coat, gray
and the complex.

997
THE
CRAFTSMAN
T
-the
HE
CHILD
BENEFITED
B\-
thrusting
him into the world of the actual, To this end, we surthat are as exact a as it is possible wit,h these he sees of which
SIMPLE
TOYS.
the matter-of-fact. reproduction to make; literal We animals wonderful possessed cleverly
round him with objects
The world is SO full of a number of things, Im sure we should all be as happy as kings.
of real things of things
and WC bid him play
So says child
in his heart that Robert
the
normal
child
fat-similes haunt
Louis Grahame,
Stevenson in these
around him. the thy shops in search with real fur, mechanical constructed little French lassies
knew, and that Kenneth later days,
has rediscovered.
But we who
that can walk and talk and go to sleep, and toys that seem almost and because these interest and as automata of intelligence;
divert us, we think that they are adapted playthings marvel for the children. an hour. home and enjoy
We take them To-morrow a And rain pursue
them while the little ones
at them for
they are either taken to pieces to gratify scientific impulse, or laid upon a shelf. the children, have so effectually forgotten enchanted things. grown up that we have are of costly until the next periodical descends, happily gifts
the magical things which filled that world of the child-mind-we It is a sad confession, with irrelevant but an inevfreshness and
prone to crowd it arbitrarily
itable one, that few of us succeed in cherishing in our hearts that boyish exuberance himself mind. And so, oblivious to the real nature season, of we the realm in which the little one is king, all seem bent, this Christmas diverting
498
that enabled of from
Stevenson the child
to put and to
in the place
speaks truly
the depths
of the child-
upon
him from the spell of that land by
SIMPLE
their games jects with the aid of the crude for ob-
TOYS
to consist attractive be farther in the handling real objectsand seeing of We in the
which they have fashioned
them-
and nothing consists
could
removed from it than that. that the play
have thought
selves
out of or
a board,
a stick, else may
a piece have
of
string, available plan.
whatever
been
in completing
some comprehensive lie? Why is for Bethings that the child has, that he touches, On the contrary, And the it consists is
299
Wherein
does the trouble
there such a breach
between our choice
the child, and the childs own instinct? cause we have ignored nature. meanmg, have fallen We the real have been ignorant essence of
a law of the childs as to the play. We it
that he sees. handle or see.
in the things that he has not, that he cannot play-instinct
into the mistake of assuming
THE
CRAFTSMAN
kindergartners, greatest factor that the play element is the in quickening such activity. his games, is becomplay of life, as met in the state. And the ear-
The little one, through ing fitted for the larger in the home, in society, if Wordsworth nest pains
As
seems to deplore
with which the child,if his whole vocation Was endless imitation,-
provokes
the years to bring by playing
the inevitable of human that
yoke,
all the parts
life, we are still forced
to acknowledge
The Jun&ark
thw-arted if every adjunct plied. We talk a great
is literally about through
supthe of the
deal to-day
necessity
of promoting
the self-activity
the child ; and we are learning,
Dresden
toy from the International by Eichrodt
Studio.
designed
this play is Natures for ture it is. intelligently
method of training
him
the work whose counterpart But we do not always to further
in miniaset about illuinto
these beautiful merges
sions that foreshadow the responsible is in the matter display often

The Dinkey 300 bird
real life, and through And it that we
which the child unconsciously of toys,
member of society. perhaps,
the least intelligence. if we do not more in the selecconsult our own delight
It is to be questioned tion of Christmas
toys than the preference
SIMPLE
of the children. A significant little story A crowd of zealous was told in one of the holiday magazines of a year or two ago. parents and uncles and aunts were making a Christmas for the small son of the family, who was shut out from all the merrymaking attendant upon the trimming of a wonderful tree. nating with He roamed the house discertain mysterious sounds, consolately while shrieks of laughter, alter-
TOYS
train of cars and with starting off the little engine on its course down the hall, when some one said: The boy had But where is the boy? After some disappeared.
search, they found him in the kitchen, fighting an exciting naval battle with pieces of coal and a stick, with an old comrade of many victories. Somewhat discomfited, they retreated silently and left him to the realities that they had not been able to find for him.
Dresden
toys from the International
studio:
designed
by Eichrodt
reached his ears from the secret chamber. After what seemed interminable hours of banishment, the time came when he was admitted, to reap the fruits of their toil. The enthusiastic relatives, all chattering at once and indulging in peals of laughter, began to operate the various startling toys that were to edify the youthful recipient. They were much engrossed with a long
It is true that a realistic, elaborate toy may dazzle the eyes of the child at first ; but it seldom affords him a means of play-and surely a toy is intended for a plaything. The highly perfected toy is to the child something desirable to own, to look at occasionally, to lay carefully away. It is seldom something to play with, to live with, to build worlds around. How should it be?
SO1
THE
Nothing is left to build. Everything
CRAFTSMAN
is For after all, your little child, like your primitive man, is the greatest idealist. have the prescribed His strivings for realism, when his soldier must number of arms and The legs, and eyes and teeth, come later.
done for the child-and
much of it, to his
simple mind, vainly done.
His eye is not yet trained to a keen perception of form and color, and the perfection wasted on him. It cannot be gainsaid child is a savage-the expressions of that the young In the art may be history of the race peoples of finish is
imagination of the most youthful artist can build a man upon a single line ; if the man is in motion, it is necessary only to slant the line. This striving of the imagination of the
repeats itself in the individual. primitive
Steam : Inlay by Vo~sey
found the key to the thing that appeals to the imagination of the child. In confirmation of this fact, compare the first crude drawings of a child with those of a primi-
little idealist should be constantly
encour-
aged by supplying simple frameworks about which it may build. We have all known boys for whom a rough stick, as a hobby horse, possessed more endearing and enduring charm than the realistic horse with tail and mane of real hair. Many a little lassie has lavished a wealth of affection upon a quaintly crude old rag doll that a large
tive man. You will see in both the endeavor to tell a story-not to perfect form. A straight line, with another at right angles, may represent a soldier with a gun, and tell a real story to the child.
309
THE
most anyt.hing
CRAFTSMAN
vigor cannot and alertness but fascinate of this amiable the child. of the same simin all the toy vildesigned from by a animal
would serve as a substitute;
And sometimes for an hour or so,

I watched my leaden soldiers go, With different uniforms and drills, Among the bed-clothes, through the hills.
For further ple appealing good lage from man. art for
illustrations children,
qualities that arc found observe
And sometimes sent my ships in fleets All up and down among the sheets; Or brought my trees and houses out, And planted cities all about. I was the giant great and still That sits upon the pillow-hill, ?\nd sees before him, dale and plain, The pleasant land of Counterpane.
and the rooks the inlays The friczc worthy
with trees, reproduced English crafts-
on a cabinet
Joyscy,
the distinguished
of cats is taken of mention Poems, Doll by
publication Ring, on
in this conPauline arrangcmcnt in simplicity of the dedi-
nection : Paper of the drawings

and
in which the decorative is a sermon The beginning
Toys simple, tention
need not bc meaningless They vital lines as t.0 suggest Why not direct toward securing
in order to life, activof
be simple. ity, strength.
may be so constructed
propriety. csplains The
cation
this attit,udc exactly : This

ones,
a little at-
book, written by a big child for little

etc.
the embodiment
directness
of the drawings, to the test, addition
and make of find
simple art principles the children The Dresden that appeals moreover,
in the toys with which
their complete
relevancy
are to live? toys shown in the illustraof primitive The simplicity They animals object are, are has a
them an important the child. It is significant a keener delight than with any of
to the imple-
mrnts in the instruction
and amusement
tion are an example
to the child mind. Every
that most children kind. This
works of art.
in playing other
with paper dolls is but that the
,alive nnd can move. limited toys. prettiness The jolly
quaint charm that is quite distinct of many dachshund
from the illife,
an added confirmation imagination
of the fact
of our realistic is another The toys.
the child
loves best a few
direct lines that it may clothe with contours of limitless beauty and charm.
lustration
of the Dresden
304
Rooks:
inlay
I~yWoyscy
RAFTSMANSHIP NEW JACOB YORK I. MILSNER.
IN SCHOOLS.
THE BY
about by those educators who thought that our young compete brought men could be so trained as to with the designers Europe. successfully from
AFTER four hundred years of reform in Education, we are only now awakening to a realization of the fact that the study of the U+S and crafts is an important factor in The the development of the human being. introduction of work in freehand drawing tnd design into this country was brought
Soon after, mechanical drawing was introduced into the
schools ; then manual training ; and it is only within the last decade that any work has been done at all toward correlating beauty of line and color with craftsmanship. Among the revolutionary changes made in the teaching methods in this country, the greatest has been effected in the methods of Formerly to study art was to spend years in study of the antique, of artistic anatomy and of painting ; as if everyone with artistic ability could become successful as a painter pure and simple. The work was distinctly pictorial ; there was no attempt to apply the art to everyday life. Now, the pupils of the different schools are taught not only to appreciate the beautiful, but also to acquire that tech305 teaching art.
THE
nical knowledge tical, Manual which but This as well training will enable a piece which is necessary as for artistic
CRAFTSMAN
ject in the school curriculum greater structive change changes work. been has undergone and conhas the Some
for prac-
handiwork. to make a utility, upon.
than the drawing And in no subject more beneficial.
should mean the training one not only beautiful article of practical to look
well constructed also training
gives freedom
of expression, line and York has
and also that knowledge color so necessary In this new movement
of form, New
to the craftsman.
years ago arithmetic in lists showing made while by drawing children
was placed at the head the choice subjects; foot. in which to be in the eighteen at the in different nearly
proportionately stood
Rut now we find in those schools the arts and crafts are taught, is voted by a majority the most interesting The public arts schools and crafts study. movement
that drawing
of the pupils
had its beginning
Student
work in the High
School
of Commerce
done not a little toward American of craftsmanship. In
setting a brief
before
the value such
public the great educational schools are doing,
rksunte of
Ghat the New York as I have attempted tion to explain
here, it is not the intenbut simyears ago when a system of manual training was inaugurated. was attempted some of the At first, only bench work and if we were to look specimens produced by at the of what in this
all the methods by which the by the aid of drawings a slight I reiterate hint by educators
results shown have been obtained, ply to give, largely and photographs, can be accomplished new phase of art.
306
that no sub-
CRAFTSMANSHIP
pupils of that day, we should find that the only aim was to give practice in the use of
IN SCHOOLS
years making designs ; at first, such articles as toy brooms and baskets ; working up later to completely finished pieces for home use: such as brackets, book-racks, and pillow cases, which are not only well constructed priately transition but also approThis decorated. was by no means For many years who recom-
an easy one.
those educators
mended the new movement and were called faddists other opprobrious it is only names; and many now after
years that the grade teachers have been convinced of the value of this work as giving to the child that power of originality and self-reliance the different tools : in other words, the prac tice necessary to make a good carpenter or cabinet maker. The drawings from which the model was to be made were executed by the teacher, and afterward copied by the embryo carpenter. No pupil made his own design, and afterward carried it out in the necessary material. This correlation of the did not bearts and crafts which was never before suspected. Why has this work been so successful in
come a factor in the manual training schools of the city, until Dr. J. P. Haney became Under his effisupervisor. cient direction the work in drawing and design was corwith the handwork, and now we have the unusual spectacle of all children from the age of six to fourteen related the elementary schools? Simply because the activities of the child have been recogSO7
THE CRAFTSMAN
nized and allowed to run in their proper channels. From time immemorial children it has been known that love to make
skilled craftsmen; making their designs in wood, metal or brass, according to the nature of the subject. Beside these courses in the elementary and high schools, the technical and normal schools are also doing their share in promulgating the principles of the new art. Conspicuous among the normal schools are The Teachers College and Pratt Institute. The examples which are given from the Teachers College show, I believe, a tendency toward simple designing, according to correct structural principles a method which differs radically from the kind of work produced by many of our so-called furniture designers and manufacturers. The latest school to open its doors to those who wish to prepare -themselves for work in the arts and crafts, is the School of Decorative and Applied Art which is affiliated with the Chase School of Art. This institution is unique in that it is the first one whose aim is solely to teach handicraftsmanship. Work in the theory of _
things and to decorate them ; yet it is only within the past decade that we have come to utilize this knowledge. That this knowledge of the wonderful effect of the manual arts on the childs development has been overlooked, I can only attribute to prejudice on the part of the intellectual class who have ever regarded manual labor as degrading ing. and demoralizIt was thus with the Greeks, and it is
so even to this day with a large majority of our people. New York, I regret to say, has been slow to recognize the practical utility of High Schools, in which the arts and crafts may be taught; but its one Manual Training High School (in Brooklyn) has been doing remarkably clever work. This institution was one of the first to acknowledge that art and manual training cannot be separated. Therefore,
308
the embryo designers are also
CHIPS
design has begun of loom furniture The already, weaving designing and soon a dewill be added. and embroidpresented are decoof the at least, movement in the success look to such A country fulfilling these requirements is Belgium, whose old
partment Basketrg, ticable. ration
quite to the maximum
cities and fertile lands tell one and the same story of a never relaxing best of existing and beautify human hand. conditions, everything Belgium effort to make the and to improve touched by the
ery will also be taken up as soon as is practwo drawings fair examples new art. The outlook is rcry schools, the great ought has passed then in New York, the new stage encouraging: of the work in interior
and sl~ow the true principles
and its inhabitants of deep study by by those devoted to who seek through the secrets by their have attained
arc now made the subject artists and agriculturists, economics Icarned success. Therefore, The Craftsman equal steps-in and sociology methods
the experimental
to discover
and if we expect If there
any great have
which land and people
in the art world, educators. advances
we must certainly
been
what more natural should follow he proceed
than that with unserve for a so that
in the past few years, what
the wise men
we not to await from the future? HIPS MAN The keenly open-air FROM THE CRAFTS-
of his time-although
his effort to gain such porhis workshop-nay, himself as no longer
Y c
tion of homely wisdom as might long time to illuminate
WORKSHOP. Craftsman, although of entering lovat
to make its very walls transparent, he should solitary, brotherhood recognize laboring in his workshop, He longs after which truths. to make His imof others are similar that than mem-
ing his work and content feels full, the necessity light, under times into a broad horizon. comparisons and examine
but as a member of a vast guild or to increase the worth of the world? and the bcncfits of But the anticipated and
of life and the beauty the journey profit. revealed foreseen.
The way was pointed,
pulse is irresi&ible. the companionship, whose thoughts, to his own. For America
He needs imperatively the inspiration
good fell far short of the real pleasure Each the richest material for
day, each stage of the route thought
aims and life
and study, which awaited to be mined, mintit is natural country noble ed and put into circulation whose ambition quest of hours of pleasure. First of all, the landscape,
sons.
such gratification turn

one :
by the traveler
he should
to an older which possesses generation
should not end with the conthe open counof lesthe toward
ories of art and labor, to generation tocrats vancing tion of toil; old traditions, the present stand after
and has given birth of the aristhem by adworthy of any of and invenman
try, the fields, here offer the strongest The hostility is everywhere of Nature apparent. region
one also which values these and continues
Organizaa chaos
to new accomplishments times, when science at the disposition
tion, co-operation,
patience
have alone been soil from
able to create a habitable of forest and morass.
The men of Belgium, invasion, have

309
who calls intelligently
upon their aid.
since the epoch of the Roman
THE
steadily marshes, built fought turned material wind, obstacles. water and have dyked streams,-opposed
CRAFTSMAN
They life and fortune of his kingdom. ventions countries fact.urcs points of to further Belgian the prosperity discoveries, inin all manuremote
tides, drained argillaagents,
and processes Belgian creating less the
are accepted products markets and at
ceous mud from canals,
hostile to friendly
in which progress are
and intelligence
mills and ships, commercial
made brick, of
arc active.
reared flocks and herds, and, later, organized industrial world-wide Among and enterprises importance and utility. two may for shelter, races showing the use made
accessible capital
continents productive
while the enormous same laborious omploymcnt
amassed by the and industrial the lesthe is yet bedescent train, indithrough no
these accomplishments in their battle and
people is seeking
be taken as examples by this people, to which food and clothing, would have yielded offered
in the financial
centers of both worlds. son to bc gained little should vidual aspires kingdom, even
Therefore, though
of natural disadvantages patient early in the struggle. an unlimca11&
by a passage
less discreet
be made from who,
the railway by
The obstacle
by the wind, to which into a working and the The and making
one that must be mastered surrounded The to success.
by every obstacles,
the flat, low-lying ited sweep, they force by erecting destructive
count,ry gives converted mills along the
scene spread
fore the eyes of the traveler is a vital proof that the bitterest can be changed and of into of the exercise watchfulness Belgians WU~~HUIIL oyus be converted The special system and most searching into alert the pure triumphs patience, intelligence. discovered alchemists, They practised area old gold. trials through constant The the by have in of The soil,
cm
on the height of city-walls, other natural less ingenious. clay, rich and useless against presence miry and
element t,urn their wings. Belgium viscous. baked

ill1
obstacle t,hey met in a way no contains But the no stone: of a thick, adhesive the people, apparently brick in or of dcfenccs
of supreme practically
the soil being composed in expedients, substance, which dampness. tile,
have
which it was believed that vile matter could the genius of common sense. agriculture Of to the country the kingdom conditions remaining and its remarkable only favorable half one-half, results merit or less, offers
d so produced Thus, constantly
are the best
of real enemies whose substance acquired And nature,
whose effects they saw with corporeal these men gradually positive being of durable and practical.
vision,
attention.
the entire cultivation.
minds wholly the obstacles of alike peroccupies in
the qualities
consists only which
of a gravelly of which such lands along heavy of extend
those who resisted sition finance, merce. schools which The
them became to-day and
or sands, the natural be overpowered The most naturally those
sterility by
manent : a fact accounting Belgium industry, applied
for the high poscience and contechnical the people, his
composts. are the
unproductive
universities actually
coast and have been thrown tion of wind and waves. unresponsive support to cultivation, life. to vegetable
up by the acand offer little But being sub-
of the country
deal with the probconfront sovereign devotes
At first, they are
lems which
and the enlightened

310
CHIPS
.jected to the most skilful ment, they arc gradually tilizcd. sown grass, create thus take root directions, prepare To with this end, the plants in sterile finally and patient developed they which are most treatly all the food denser than that numbering of of a population England forty-four which is
and fcrannually readily in all sand, and higher is thus smilto culagri-
and Wales, inhabof The his It is togreen
five hundred,
itants to the square mile. But these are dry statistics conveying the mind ordinary agriculture, the luxuriance a picture ful ward expression mans a definite, of concrete the investigator must see displayed of the Belgian of labor. and Natures willow incapable alone. before fields. gratitude idea save to this intensive
soil, such as the recdfibrcs, spreading consolidate vegetable to the soil,
whose tough
a rudimentary the land
person, to appreciate
nourish
forms of plant-life. progressive, formation If
The treatment district,
eyes the symmetry,
the rich color-schemes, a beauti-
and the ultimate of an agricultural lands
result is the
never to be forgotten; Water-courses,
ing and fertile. the barren are thus caused change their character, those naturally of intensive
fields, wind-mills the kingdom, each feature for example, as decorative bard plain, to provide the dykcs
trees present throughout the traveler: having a disas,
tivable are made to multiply ive powers by a system culture, constructed their Prince vailing
their product-
themselves in endless succession, to the eyes of of the landscape
which has been slowly and solidly from the experience The results of farmers or yield to from by pre-
tinct value both economic
and aesthetic;
who never relax their vigilance, fatigue. Kropotkin in England. supplied French Ilc Belgian and French
the willows, which, here, fully as arc the poplars are specially to the Lomin order to render country like a picto reof hucultivated necessary The
obtained
lands is contrasted
in his Fields,
Factories
the basketry
and Workshops ludes to London inhabitants, sey potatoes, apples. extensive
with the conditions as a city salads
firm and durable. enlarged For
In that work, he alof five million and Jerthe and Canadian regret with Flemish
lies, delicately-tinted ture by Hobbema, It needs no figures lieve the solitude. manity spiring, happy evidences of labor. causing condition
and broad,
and animated.
in the landscape the spirit
views with great
is impressed upon it by innumerable It is cheerful attendant upon and inFlemish one to forget the only unand heavy further and
idle areas lying source of
about the capital, golden crops, and the
which only need human labor to become an inexhaustible writes that his counsels Clay, were met by
agriculture: farmers spectator,
that is, the steady
reply of I-Ienvy
which was promptsince in the hands soils. He conto has given
increase of rent, in the face of which mauy have lately abstained unaffected by through from improvements. But for the foreigner this
ed by pure ignorance;
of man there arc no unfertile tinues that man, not Nature, the Belgian
condition, He to
lands their present
productivethat nearhuman
there is no more encouraging offered by a passage realizes borrow the expression the possibilities
sight than is Belgium.
ness, and concludes with this artificial labor, Belgium
by the statement soil and intense
of lands which, of the British
succeeds in supplying
econo311
THE
mist, James Caird, are not starved labor, as also, the possibilities of and contetitment
CRAFTSMAN
sprung from the brain of the race. as patient, They
of human comfort
were as practical, as lacking peasant, telligent fertilizer vegetable,
as observant, of inof a
to be reached in a country classes should not in great cities. to
in mysticism, who to-day labor or upon a
as the Ncthcrland
in which the agricultural
spends a world the composition hardy
be drawn away by false hopes to reinforce the ranks of the unemployed Also products fruits wonder still-life ers have twentieth
~ncn
by which to produce splendid,
a succulent flower
another
source
of keen pleasure This and cause
the traveler originates by the open-air and peasant-types whether not
in the people and the is afforded with with to overflowing teeming the visitor
which shall add to the wealth and reputation of his fatherland. traditions broken advances ity are strong, logically, Life from the Middle inspires and In these countries, in fact, Ages; almost unprogress and conof sense whatof
of the country. markets which vegetables,
and the sense of solidconfidence enjoyment to the Netherlander With his practical
the figure-models preserved down
and the paintto the of spir-
in all things
studies of the old Netherland been century by some system
contentment. material
sists in the possession things.
itual cold storage. of Hans Mcmling their and, high
Here are the very woand Quinten Matsys, their round blue cheekhair, protuberant their red-gold They offer,
of value he makes good and beautiful ever his hand touches, of the soil, an artisan, grand weary art. themselves museums,
whether he is a son or yet a producer and the floors, streets are traveler, can find offered cloaked estamfor his witand equally
with their florid flesh-tints, eyes, bones, and above all, Fleece.
So, the Belgian
which suggested of the Golden somewhat originals which harsh
the insignia and guttural has just Museum impossible
of the Order in their the tongue,
of walls and waxed
the same artistic or gallery.
types and subjects b&y&e, the
in the open market-place, The bourgcoise, inet, public within the the fishwife opulent all
as in the church with her basket on honored are seen
of the cabbages,
onions and salad, seen pictured on the leaf, It centuries, and social
the traveler
down to the very snail crawling in the Fine Arts appears with the almost their people that
her arm, the smoker in a darkened citizen these gifts : frames
of the city.
religious, without of life.
political changing The
whose extreme threading
richness
vicissitudes, their physical and ways
have passed over the heads of materially of the appearance, or their manners old artists
nesses the value of the canvas enclosed, in living fares One of the presence, of the towns and fulfilling and calling. feature cities-and of picturesque Belgian
the thoroughthe tasks the streets one only-
of their station
Netherlands-painters and guild-house, street and square. saw : idealizing with truth an
312
and carvers-sought
their models in public gatherings in the moving They painted rendering all nothing, with
: in church
throngs of what they the ugly has
causes regret sympathetic
to rise in the heart of every visitor : that is, the employIt mat-
ment of dogs as beasts of burden. forming
and courage,
and so producing else that
ters not that the animals of the species perthe heaviest labor have been fitted
art
consonant
CHIPS
to their are large, ed. upon condition strong by heredity; and long-lived, that they in spite court of language and of the preponderance which which closely promises reto Brussels, the capital, revival
of the hardships
to which they are subjectIntelligence as a
sembles a French gress a Flemish renew the people concerns of of nationality. learned men
city, there is now in proand country, In the year and artists in all that a body commisand
The soft p aw of the dog is a mark set him by the Divine The sight muscles and drawwith who who while when they attack, and they laBut in them-
token that he should not labor. of these animals with straining feet flattened ing selves, ing. comes of are The against still more of of the milk-carts, which,
citizenship,
civic art and the sense 1894, was
the pavement, heavy heavily the laden novelist
sioned by the Govermnent restore the monuments, siastical, make features progress. of the Belgian of municipal sightly
to preserve
both civic and ecclecities, as well as to all those new and by enthe the life which are necesattained
great brass vessels, is little short of agonizmemory espoused the cause of these ill-paid to the mind sees in each dumb sufferer Ouidas Flanders, Patraschc. laborers, dog-hero
and beautiful
the spectator, Muzzled
sitated by modern ideas of convcnicnce The results already the commission and sensitive defacement the old are such as to awaken to beauty. by now Relieved of
they work, the do gs become dangerous they are released from their harness; of making seem always at the point and snarl when approached They their have the faces condit,ion of
thusiasm in any heart capable inflicted guild-houses accented and
of patriotism
time and enemies, surround and de-
however gently. malcontents, since human
squares, quaint vices, strongly tive tains and with at
with their insignia
seems hopeless, of oppressed
with their minutely and made attracFounlocal Evcrymarket-places inscriptions. perpetuating
lack that resource
restored Flemish features, dates and statues
borers which resides in organization. yet it is an exaggeration country IIumane tivity playing
to say that there with un-
rise from
is no hope for these speechless workers in a which keeps its traditions Society, throughout of in the great broken tenacity. The hope comes from the which is now rising to acBelgium squares
street-angles,
legends and honoring timents evoked. centuries, gium, among arc expressed, In the
local heroes.
where, the same story is told, the same senthe same memories and fifteenth Belwas in comThe The fourteenth
interfering and disof the cities,
with the cruelty on structures of Bruges, les animaux The French, countries the wide
the peasants
the states now constituting European powers. Nowhere participated The rich
in many respects,
held the first rank or more secure.
as conspicuous avec douceur. just quoted
as the Belfry ?r&~ appears in
the merciful
warning:
civil liberty their own
more extended government.
The people of these regions and ordithe the
warning
as do the official notices of the continent, buildings. old-established
munes possessed woolen and linen industries which were without rivals in the world. names of the Flemish merchant absolutely arts guarantees and of good religious flourished, faith. princes were dissensions
313
nances, which in Belgium, walls of public and
as in many other so deface use of But in spite of
THE
were not as yet pronounced, manifest. Artevelde, A great citizen, already scarcely Jacques
CRAFTSMAN
even van centthe beconoccurred history centers for the renascence of civic of that architecture connected Interest with the with the again the for concern which rewhich is so inseparably in the belfries, and
in the fourteenth in close treaty the nation and Ghent splendor, Traditions of
liberty.
ury, had a vision of a Belgian since he allied together principal constituted. stitution, honor of elements Bruges civic of
fatherland, as now stood
the town-halls,
corporation-houses, the edifice, the principle it represents. peculiarly tyranny newed eloquence claimed by their
there also rises regard and progress speak Thus
of liberty sonorous
fore the world as models of municipal and success.
the chimes with their metal with
financial
of governin
of the resistance to foreign and provoices. are own far-reaching
ment and society, were founded, hereditary revolutions from. litical ganism. all sections beyond Spanish sans
of art and craftsmanship to be effaced resulting cast out by wars or theresuch the ponations orin waged agriculture. emigration, Flemish in pillage artiof France,
made by the guild-masters
too strong
mind of the people and the chaos liberty of wars
The walls and ceilings
of the town-halls
being spread by the hands of the most noted painters with scenes of old glory dor, picturing municipal perhaps great epochs history. and splenin houses, to the by exbe it in or moments
Communal injustice The
deep roots that wars, persecutions, neighboring of religion were not sufficient to destroy of the country
The corporation
the sturdy
the dearest of all structures decree from restoration.
truly Flemish heart, have been protected a government cept that of all change, Advisedly They
and, prolonged
all measure, persecution of
destroyed provoked skilled safety The
said that these houses were so cherished times long since vanished. be otherwise solicitude, brightest izens. the than objects
so that thousands sought and England Antwerp, igation, paralyzed Louis
could not
personal Holland.
of the tenderest citto
since they stood for all that was in the lives of the old Flemish were the places of their peras when they presented the entitle pieces them of to their The work houses
the closing the blockade commerce.
of the Schelde to navof the Flemish The adroit coasts of policy
These
sonal triumphs, guild-jury should chosen and which in their ternities, They
Fourteenth, industries through
by attracting by a pitiless all misfortunes
to France ruined of system the
the most skilful Flemish But competition.
artists and artisans,
mastership
art or craft. associated
were consecrated civic At the slightest Within time, indication years
as the homes of their frain a less serious of famous feasts. like the town-halls,
idea persisted. of calmer grew from century has been the exuberant.
way with their memories are now revered,
and happier present realized
times the old spirit seventy the fourteenthfatherland consoliof all has reorganized,
for the idea which they represent, and which has yet to-day Belgian sociations tion of more than a sentimental value : is still a passion who allies himself or flowers, with the with asof since organization citizen, music
concept
of the Belgian and industry
and the nation Latest
dated, commerce
whose object
may be the cultivathe practice
and the fine arts revived.

314
ARTS
archery, or the breeding birds. Nor of homing extinct. be
AND
CRAFTS
bearing with him a store of rich material hammer and weld that winter Wagner the bending bearing old also the conviction manuscript,
pigeons of riIt still learned himRe-
or singing often times Leon self
is the spirit
which he must laboriously into form; for over a him, as for rare Goethes
valry between corporations approaches the dangerous,
the ludicrous, as may
and some-
from the romances of the Brussels advocate, Couroublcs, heart and who is now lending soul to the Flemish
nights to be spent at the forge will take on a loveliness
or the bench
untold. OF SOCIE-
nascence. This stricted in the Willems, movement, nineteenth if considered began with century square in the refar back the poet stands showing sense of literature, whose dignified
R
The crafts tions, Among those School
ECENT ARTS TIES. formation societifs
EXHIBITIONS AND CRAFTS
monument of Ghent,
of
numerous
arts
and and
in the cathedral in mediaeval and athletic
throughout
the country,
the figure of Flanders, garb, champion. of
typified And
by a woman many such which, reainto a
the announcements
of exhibitions signs by
held alike
attended
by a youthful
by the older and the newer of such ttssociaare encouraging these exhibitions recently of held Design of the times. Island of of may be mentioned the Rhode Art Arts Eshibition League and
tlierc are, not only in the cause of literature, but also in that owing patois, sons, degenerated ficd by scholars day in Belgium chief the language, to certain religious while in Holland, and political having
(Autumn of
with the Flemings and scientists, the

umong
Paintings) Chicago Church Blich; Heights diana,
; the Industrial ; the Guild ;

the
been puriit was emToits Bemeging
Crafts,
S cl11 Francisco Minn. ; The
Womans Communion, Club, Society, Aid
Auxiliary, St. Peter, Muskegon, Compton No. ; In-
bellished by writers of pure literature. Ylnmzsche is (Flemish principles, tution political movement) broadcasting
of the Holy The Ladies Christian
Womens
which is the substiin the higher But it to the national such and a single in the theatres,
Church,
St. Louis,
of Flemish
for French circles,
the Richmond
Sketch
Club, Richmond,
and social
and an exhibition N. C.
of art-craftsmanas
and in the offices of the government. does not necessarily Walloon spirit art. From the review of a movement history returned is actively element. of manifestation miracles express hostility It that is sirnply multiform
ship, at Pinebluff, prompted labor. larger are of
All these enterprises desire to further But bad portion or
must be regarded widely-prevailing
by the active,
the cause of art allied to that the of the objects indifferent so exhibited workmanship, and are
whose enthusiasm of labor,
has produced invention
it is to be regretted
discovery,
such as making
made from anything The
illy-combined but simple. of many
materials, of
this, it would appear dom of Belgium and society The Craftsman rapidly
that in the little kingadvancing. Therefore,
error
these exhibitors They may be but they

315
lies in their possessed
presumption.
to his workshop
of ideas and capacity,
CORRESPONDENCE
LY EXERTED, WOULD SUCH TO OF EFFECT MANY BY GOOD
you
are
producing with which other must
things sooner
unworthy or later designs
to be
RESULTS. ATTENTION OBJECTS WE AID TASTE. THE NOT FAIL,
INTEREST, THE QUALITIES AND
CALLING OF THE
classed things criticism. sons for page quate?
Craftsman
products bring (on
SERVICE INTO IN
ORNAMENT HOMES, THE PUBLIC
WHICH WOULD POPUL.4R OF CRITICS CAN
As an example, calling your
may I give reainadeas is a
INTRODUCE GREATLY AND ARTIST EXIST. IF
OUR
pillow
FORMING A
94 of the October cushion which pattern
Craftsman)
WITHOUT AND THEIR THE
ART-ARTISAN OF
1. A sofa picture, a sofa principle rectly
is not made,
up
POWERS NOT
PRODUCTION FED, ENTHU-
to be placed one side cushion
only, hence this simple is as incor-
THEY
BE AND
CONSTANTLY BY
violates
STRE:NGTHENED SIASM. THE WHILE THE TAINS, TINuE LETTER FOLLOWING SEVEREST MADE THE
RENEWED
of fitness to purpose
rect as a carpet
Is IT SUBJOINED APPEARS A IN FULL, TO CONCONREPLY IT TO
which can be cor-
seen from one side of the room only. relation to sour home life or
2. A bear, a deer, or a pine tree, has no more symbolic Pueblo Indians. out of place merely as childish mine than a roll-top in our desk would have to the houses. They serve to all should of
STRICTURES NOT WITH THE
WHICH DESIRE HUT BY THE AS
ARGUMENT, PROMPTED STIcKLEY, Syracuse,
HONEST
Such symbols are entirely curiosities which demand
S1~GGESTIONS AIR. GUSTAV
CILITICISM..
N.
Y. number interestthe One is
unceasing
explanation
and apology
M!/ of The ing.
DEW Sir:-The Craftsman It deals, the art
November is exceedingly
who dare question. 3. The design be definitely the cushion. It seems superfluous ventional design lated to the enclosing It is only because a rule, inspiring liberty you of writing invite to add that a conreform. your products
even
for a sofa cushion
it seems to of home
me, with making.
related to the square form
practice,
cares not so much arts and crafts wording to tried fashioning gratulate
as to how furniture as for
made for use in Berlin, and illustrative and successful you upon
or Paris, or Vienna simple relating in the I conhelpfulinterest plans for to a material experiments home.
should be consistently
exhibitions,
are, as though
to teachers that I take the as I have; Criticism yours,

FRED H. I)ANIE:LS,
of the American
the practical with
criticism. Sincerely
is usually
ness of your magazine. I am looking the publication $2,000 to $3,000 the problem To preach, ness of beauty, forward of house. Craftsman
a thankless
task at the best.
As far as I know, a simple house for business it is to of
Springfield,
Mass.
of building us whose as a text appear
The point numbered letter is just the principles justifies purists,
one in Mr. Daniels if judged by But it may by the

217
little money has never been approached. some of things as best we may, it would of the eternal fitin the gospel that in one field
and well taken, of design alone.
be urged that as continued a pronunciation so a parallel
usage sometimes condemned
case, at rare intervals,
THE
occurs in matters of art. The
CRAFTSMAN
the Egyptian be honored, connected peoples. The motifs tive. method
upon the
sofa-pillow
lotus. because
Both are subjects of
to
has become as essential a part of the college
they are so intimately primitive Indian tentabe used
~trot boys outfit,, as his

a faithful would cious son of any
to the classics, and great He institution of his grarecogor doordefinitely art. The the
with
the religions of employing continue parallel
never invert the symbol Foster-Mother. a pillow, have top laws design two, also of
the to the
at once
pillow
was frankly
nizes that hanging, also, fixed. upon may the
like a walland bottom decorative has but Dan& to of
The
symbols may
like a mussulmans The sofa-pillow
prayer-carpet
similarly, experiment one day, pointed
in the hope that sonic one of their successful valet, who, cravat, linen on his by Mr. Dancase he which of Beau Brummels after tying
combinations
is an old trespasser followed
his masters
Craftsman multitude In severe. trick from to Pueblo justice sion. the by point Hc
to a mass of crumpled
to do evil. Mr. is unjustly oratorical attention allusion desk and inresorts to an deflect The roll-top
arm, saying : These iels is well grounded; unanswerable. for all eyes The to see.
are our failures. in the present rules with
The third point maintained
attempting
the question combination Indian
involved.
deals are set up in the Forum of Art, plain Agrain he is to be to instruct criticism. he is disthanked for his earnest endeavor the people By in the law of aesthetic benediction those whom he has censured
is calculated
to cast ridicule under discusrather than He is
upon his opponent. Furtlicr,
By such a method
is done to the question

motif
Mr. Daniels errs in criticisitself,
missed with the Arab his tribe increase !
May
ing the decorative the form wrong
in which it here appears.
when he says that the deer, the bear, and other symbols of the kind, For should he design, existing, if that may curiosity examined condemns also with the these, why not extend in almost every Ori-
the pine-tree,
have no place in our homes. succeed in excluding more or less disguised, ental the Indian rug? same This, critical eye llis crusade to the alligator too,
M
Franz artist, paying his
EMORABLE BER
IN THE
NOVEM-
MAGAZINES.
The leading article in ScI~mSI:as for November is an estimate of the painter by Royal Cortissoz. The writer the debt of Mr. Hals, tribute Sargent Sargent indicates and by of to portrait-
to Velasquez He continues qualities reference the
and to the modern to the technical making powerfully important in style. special in mural aided place
forest-symbols, explanation
be stigThe
Carolus-Duran.
matized as a childish increasing motifs introduced
demanding illustrathave Hap-
and apology.
the American, which States nations far from have
upon the pillow Craftsman, They
accomplishments
painting, United the art. is of among
ed in the October ,justifiable
are as easily were a matThe
as any others which might
to take a leading in this although
been used in their stead. py Hunting

318
branch
ter of choice, pure and simple. Ground
The writer,
sound in criticism,
is as noble a theme as
justifiable
He lacks re-
finement of expression, showing an extravagant use of the adjective, and introducing fantastic assemblages of words. As an example of the last defect the following sentences may be quoted: of fancy, In Sargents work in the there are none of those disorderly flights of those wild cavortings clouds, of those grotesque bodily forcshortenings and scandalous reversals, which the European painters have inherited from their forerunners of the late Renascence and the Decadence.
THE
ranged vessel. The smiths full
as to form
a structural
part of the
November Tools.
number This is
of
HANDICRAFT Silveran exhaustive in It the is
consists of a monograph treatise upon the subject technical by
upon The
chosen, containing made line-cuts. terms, and an essential literature. of Julius
explanations, attractive
simplest way and in the plainest illustrated written in excellent English:
too often lacking The Hoffman, occasional
in craftsman publications
ART PORTFOLIOOF THE INTERNA-
TIONAL STUDIO, sent out by John Lane, is deserving of extended appreciation. Some of the subjects here included have appeared in the magazine, but the greater number of them are new to the general public. The processes used in reproduction are excellent, and the rearrangement in color of the coverdesign by pleasing. R. Anning Bell is especially
issued at Stuttgart to be progressive contain of large designs
and entitled and interand plans,
DER MODERNE STIL and MODERNE BAUFORMEN, continue esting. selected They and carefully judgment
collections
which do credit to the diligence, and good taste of the compiler. In OUT WEST for October, an article Grace What Ellery Channing. It
there occurs value, by is entitled: and treats
of more than ordinary
As commendation can never come too late, a tardy mention of the October number of THE STUDIO will not here be out of place. It s principal feature of interest is the review of the life and work of the recently deceased painter and etcher, Whistler; the text of the article being accurate and of great interest, and the colored plates of remarkable beauty. THE KERAMIC STUDIO for November
fers a number them in color. the Conventional Sara design Wood-Safford, sheet. supplementary of fine plates, Among Design of-
we can learn from Rome,
of the great water-system the modern city. influence lesson for She says: of an ample
of the ancient and water-supply upon
From facts relative to the the writer draws a of our own country. the climate of beauty
the life of the Romans, the people We
have already California finest
Rome and her natural water, Southern proachabl,e--the given to man. ning ventures
. . . . With
country the time
would be unapsouthern that Miss Chanwill be
with some of by a this which so ar-
In conclusion, a prophecy
the best of these is for a Stein, upon of merit being reproduced The
will come when every work of utility a work of beauty, like the Roman
aqueduct.
She says truly that the palaces were for the Caesars, the churches were for the purple hierarchy, the temples were for the gods and
lies in its unity:
the grapes
motif
are used as a decorative
THE
the trophies of the conquerors,
CRA.FTSMAN
<article, sympathetic The ,Scottish Fruits of divine, of petty Hugh In of and inspiring, by the This upon eminent writer
the water of the
was for all, the one copious wretched plebs. The contain editorial columns of
blessing
Work,
Black. work,
THE
BMKET that
investigates fulness we from misery form
the causes of the mental healthlabor. out he writes, removed The direst life. in all of ourselves, and
an explanation is now finding
of the charm
the world ican race. George
in the basketry, AmerMr. which
are taken
blankets and pottery Wharton
of the primitive
annoyance,
all the small
The writer, unquestionably of individualism of regular
personalities Unhappiness where
that embitter life. can not exist self
James, finds this explanain the Indian artist-craftstraining, She made solitude.
is the result of a self-centered is forgotten, and
tion in the principle was developed woman books, found designs work. without human value. A late number by and the lack
in the keenest
work worth doing thing,
there is concentration
comparative
all the powers, and a forgetfulness except how to do it well. means independence outside interference. to brood over fancied the world in doing well, from They and with fear.
of everyTrue work and
and collected her own materials, and afterward realized
and used her own dyes, conccivcd She was thus self-made which hand no object can have
her own
of outside criticism
them in her and powerthat vitality by the or interest
A worker has no time slights ; he can forget Things done seldom to-day. as necesexempt world themselves of his duty. are
ful, and gave to her creations lasting
fashioned
a care, These
thoughts
met in the materialistic are positive
aids to existence,
of THE
CONGREGATIONan
sary in their way as oxygen, ing and life-supporting.
as invigorat-
ALIST AND CIIRISTIAN WORLD presents
3&O
FOP the
WPA
Esthetic
AND KLAMATH BASKETRP
from CahfOmia A little known. and in itself a peculiar art in basket weavinathe Creation of the isolated tribes of Hupa and Klamath Indians
Barbaric oriainalitv in coloring designing. construction and variety of material in each makes them peculiarly different from those of other tribes lntluenced
CoveredBaa~.SO,postpald. Perfect
red
COI. and the artistrc beauts this basketrg

rings
Strikand
natural
harmonious
aorkmsnshlp. inu de8ien in
Send for a sample.

The Phonograph Is the b:t present. because of its
b&k.
Basket 10 h&es big? pw;4 inches in dtam. price 813.50, m maiden
Inexhaustible variety and Its educational value. Edison Gold Moulded Records are immeasurably better than the Imitations or the old styles. Go to the nearest dealers and hear Mr. Edisons latest
Improvements. Dealers everywhere sell Phonographs. The Phonograph ,Art Calender, 8 beautiful ~sni. lithographed in 12 colors. mire10% by 14% iaches. DOsdvar~ielng tn .ialt. lent OD receira Of 25 cent* *t New Ynrk oflice NATIONAL PH-ONOGRAPH CO.. Orange. N. 1. SAN FR*NCI(ICO CIIIC.400 NEW YORX 833 Msrht 8L 30) Wslnmh *.a. 83 ohsmbers St. EUROPE .WTWERP. RELOIUU. 32 Rempart St. Georqem.
Send
stsm
A.
s for beanti& Illustrrrte ix catalog. BRIZARD.
10 oenta
Dept.
A.
Arcata.
California
Artistic Home, Decorations.

You snap he snre of obtaining genuine mens protected by our private tnark of
speci-
Navajo Indian Blankets Cliff Dwellina Potterv

. . . and . . .
Pueblo Indian Potterv

by us direct from the They are selected with taste, discrimi. Indians. nation and knowledge. Remember everything If you will write ns we sell is guaranteed. for our illustrated brochure, which includes out price-list, it will he mailed you for the asking and a two-cent stamp to cover postage, and will be of interest to all lovers of Indian handicraft ; also illustrated article showing how we can fur.. nish for you an Indian corner in your den ; this free also. Please address the Indian Arts Co.. 104 Aztec Ave., Gallup, N.M.
These goods are bought Kindly men, The
A 1024~page book of over 1000 plans, handsomely bound, Price $1.00. Former price $2.00. Express prepaid for 2%. Purchasers of the $1.00
book will require no other as it contains by far the largest number of housedesigns ever published. TH@ BOOK CONTAlNS 409ooe and two-story Cottages of $300 to S1500; 340 Resl-
ARTISTIC HdMES
dances of $1200 lo $1500: 379 Residences of $1500 to StSOO; 225 Residencesof $2500 to $9000: 100 St. Louis Residences.
ffavedeslgnedchurches, schools, libraries, the&es, stores, hotels, banks, etc., all over U.S., and have a special departmentfortheplanningof residences. BookofChurch Plans25c
HERBERT
200N.Tth Craftsman
C. CHIVERS
ARCHITECT.LOt,.
IN
THE
CRAFTSMAN
HOMEBUILDERS
CLUB
Anyone can receibe, absolutely wfthouf cost, at any time during the year 1904
Complete Plans and Specifications for a house costing from $2,000 to $15,000, together wirh Colored Interiors, Details and Models of Ornament, and projects for simple Landscape Gardening. The subjects to be treated are : The Detached City House, the Country and the Farm House, the Artisans House, the Forest Lodge and the Bungalow. A sample copy of The Craftsman with full explanation of the conditions of membership in the Homebuilders'Club will be mailed upon receipt of two-cent stamp
GUSTAV
THE CRAFTSMAN
STICKLEY
BLDG., SYRACUSE, N. Y.
;:
,.
KERAMICSTUDIO
$3.50 THE YEAR e 35 C.ENTS THE COPY
"THEROSEBOOK*'
for the painter of China and water-colors. Many studies in color with full treatments. Send for prospectus!
$3*oo THEYEAR
CHINA ii:::;; SPEc&& OFFER

OLD NEW
. .
NAMES
. . .
ONLY.
Three back numbers Three.,back numbers

SlkCOND O'RDE-RS I
Old China, . . Keramic Studio,

AT THIS PRICE
., i
.25 dents 50 cents
NO?
ACCE'PTED
KERAMIC
ST,UDIO PUBLISHING CO.,,SYRACt_&& N.Y,

Kindly mention The Craftsman
Pearls. in solid gold, hand-made mountings will be sent direct from out We send goods prepaid and guarantee safe e. ot C. 0. D. subject to inspection. Order by number. ack without a question if you are not wholly pleased. Out Diamonds ate of superior quality and goods and Us1 everythiog at wholesale prices. Our beautifully illustrated catalog showsthousands csi and finest goods. ITS FREE-send for it to-day and awe one-hall on your Christmas ShOPPiOg. n in the business and one of the oldest-established ~8q. We refer to the Commercial National Bank million dollars.
Is a Monthly Magazine which Serves Those who Teach Drawing and Allied Topics in Schools, as the followmg letters will show:
Matsukis BAMBOO Dress Suit CASES

by hand from the best quality of Bamboo, of which only the outside is used. Carefully constructed, with a view to durability, in the following sizes : 20 in. long x 11% in. wide x 5 in. deep
Price $3.00 Weight 24 oz. 22% in. longx 14 in. wide x 5% in. deep Price $q.oo Weight 30 oz. Express paid in New England States and
It is the one magazine, among of practical suggestions and methods Jerria Mann, Su9rtvfror
all others. which for work. Wolmn
is full N. Y.
of Dmwfng.
OVEN
It certainly fills a place which no other publicatron has filled. Mar, L. Patrirk, Su9rrvfror of Drawi c, Somervflfr Mass. I am sure it will be P great Wiflfnm A. Newell, help to the grade teacher.
Supervfror
of !Drawing. Pawrurkat, R. I. been waiting for.
The
bwk
is exactly Walter
what
we
have
3. Kenyon,
Stats Normal School. San Fmnrfrra, Cal.
Single Subscvi$tion, $1.00 Yearly. Sewn Two-Cent Stamps
Copies,
THE
APPLIED
WORCESTER,
ARTS
MASS.
GUILD
Who
New York
Publishers of Things to Serve Those Teach Drawing in Schools
To be had only of BUNK10 MATSUEI. 380 Boylston Street, BOSTON. & At the Sign of the White Rabbit
Send for Descriptive. Circular
Kindly
mentit
,e
Craftsman
THE
CRAFTSMAN
Gardner C. Teall. The portrait first appeared in one of the early numbers of the
lack the technical skill resulting from labor and experience, and which can not be supplied from other sources. In many instances, we find an assemblage of materials having among themselves no reciprocal object relationship, such as should always exist ; we perceive no fitness of the to its use and no nicety of execupleasure in labor. tion which speaks of
Once again, we find a false value placed upon many of these objects, which is based upon the time consumed in making them, or upon the cost of the materials used ; no account being taken of the completed object, considered as to its artistic effect, or the quality of its workmanship. For the success of the arts and crafts movement, which is capable of effecting much good, both financial and aesthetic, for the entire country, it is necessary to raise the standards of work, even though to enforce this measure were to dampen the enthusiasm of many workers. In order to gain this end;co-operation is the first essential. Before us lies the need of a centralized national arts and crafts society, which shall be authoritative and powerful enough to formulate sound and stable principles, to establish ideals of conception and execution, regulate the production of work, and give direction to progress. _. OTES. At this time, when all that attaches
A dream of Whistler::Gerdner C. Teal1
Chap-Book, which was formerly published in Chicago. Its decorative qualities are excellent and it merits consideration as. an example of the proper use of line and spacing. ORRESPONDENCE
N
by
316
cFIND
THE EDITORS
PLEASURE
OF THE
CRAFTSMAN A LETTER FROM MR. RE-
IN PRINTING BY THEM
CENTLY
RECEIVED
F.
THE
to the memory of Whistler is greeted with so much interest, it seems fitting to reproduce one of the most truthful, characteristic portraits existing of the lamented Our illustration is here presented painter. permission of the artist and writer,
H. DANIELS,DIRECTOR
PUBLIC SCHOOLS OF CHUSETTS. TEN INA MR.DANIELS'
OF DRAWINGIN SPRINGFIELD, LETTERIS
MASSAWRIT-
SPIRIT OF COURTEOUS IT WITNESSES WERE IT MORE
AND FRIEND-
LY CRITICISM. TEREST, WHICH,
A KIND
OF IN-
FREQUENT-
A Light-House for Sale

light-house prevents and has preHE vented many frightful shipwrecks. The light-house is a guide to the pilot and positively locates the dangerous ledges so that he may steer clear and sale smoothly and safely onward. THE LIGHT-HOUSE which stands guard over our homes, acting as a guide to smooth and non-tempestuous surroundings, is THE HOUSE BEAUTIFUL magazine. This magazine is a monthly and shows how to keep the home ship-shape and in perfect working ordershows how to run the home in the most economical way and having the most artistic possibilities always to the front. SYNONYMS LIGHT-HOUSE HOUSE BEAUTIFUL Buy the light-house now
Its contents is fascinating and out of the ordinary, and one always derives much benefit from the short talks on architecture, furniture, pottery, things colonial and antique, art and the masters, domestic science, flowers and gardening. Special offer of $1.00 a year now open ular price of $2.00. HERBERT
Dept. C
against
the reg-
S. STONE,
Publisher
ILL.
II ELDREDGE COURT, CHICAGO,
THEREADER
MAGAZINE
OF COVER IS PUBLISHING A SERIES PORTRAITS OF AUTHORS BY
JOHN
CECIL
CLAY
James Whitcomb Riley = * September z il aI s LeW Wallace October William Bean flaoWel13s = = November /Mar* Twain = = = = ii = = December Weir ]MitcheII = = = = January, 1904
These portraits are drawn from life by the best known artist of the year and are printed in three colors, suitable for framing, or for insertion in volur~es by these authors. Single copies of THE READER will be sent postpaid on receipt of 25 cents in stamps. Yearly subscription, $3.00. Subscribe noW.
Copies
for September THE
to December, READER,
IO
1903, Will be sent free West 23d Street, NEW
to subscribers YORK
for 1904.
NEW
YORK
::
LONDON
The Manhattan Press- Clippzhg Bureau

ARTHUR CASSOT, Proprietor
Car. 5th Avenue

Will supply
and rJt/z Street, New

you with all the large all personal papers and
York, hnickerbocker
and clippings
Building
reference periodicals can gather than
on any here and valu-
subject abroad.
from Our
published
staff of readers subject
for you more
able material
on any current
you can get in a lifetime
S 500 Clippings
IO00 Clippings
I00 Clippings 250 Clippings
$5.00
12.a Kindly mention
. .
. .
. D
$20.00 35.00
The Craftsman
THE
CRAFTSMAN
WORKSHOPS
CABINET-MAKING
IN THE SIMPLE, STRUCTURAL STYLE
These pieces of household furniture, which have acquired a wide reputation both in this country and abroad, are made the subject of continual study by skilful designers. They are constantly improved in construction and finish, while new models are introduced as rapidly as they are proven to be good. No object is permitted to be made which can not justify its existence, and production for the sake of novelty is discouraged throughout the workshops. Adjunct to the CabinetMaking, a department of
FABRICS, NEEDLEWORK TAPESTRY-EMBROIDERY

and
has been developed within the past year, and has already attained success and reputation. The Fabrics employed are the exclusive property of The Craftsman Workshops and comprise LINENS, CANVASES+ GOATHAIRS, UNCLASSIFIED WEAVES, TAFFETAS and COTTON VELVETS.
Entire Schemes of Household Furnishings, Plans and Designs submitted,
upon request made to
GUSTAV
CRAFTSMAN
STICKLEY
BLDG., SYRACUSE, N. Y.
ACoIIection ofColored Designs

FOR ONE NEW SUBSCRIBER
TO
A SHOPPING BAG
FROM THE CRAFTSMAN WORKSHOPS
THE
CRAFTSMAN
HIS OFFER appeals directly to Instructors in Drawing in Public and Technical The drawings show pieces of Schools. CABINET MAKING and METAL WORK designed and executed in The Craftsman Workshops; all being examples of the Simple, Structural Style. Also, Drawings of Interiors: these presenting, in each instance, a Complete Room, carefully illustrated in every detail, and characterized by pleasing effects inI WOODWORK, WALL HANGINGS, CASEMENT WINDOWS, F IRE P L A C E S and FLOOR COVERINGS. These drawings have, in most instances, dimensions of ten by twelve inches, and are placed on detached sheets having wide, white margins. They are ten in number, several of them being groups of separate objects. The designs selected for this collection have already received PUBLIC COMMENDATION from distinguished educators and have made for themselves a place in AMERICAN HOUSEHOLD ART.
A Most Desirable
HOLIDAY
GIFT-Worth
$l.OU
This bag ix made from tirn!. sof$, Craftwmn leather. of B light tan shade witb markmgs in dark gwen. It is lined with PI-&7 undressed kid and mounted in gun metal. The bag will 3,e sent, carriwr paid. on the receipt of
atthe
GUSTAV
,THE
STICKLEY,
ONE
NEW
CRAFTSMAN
CRAFTSMAN BUILDING,
SUBSCRIPTION
TO
regular rice of Three Dollars tlm Year. A description of Ot Rer Christmas Offers mailed upon receipt of two-cent stamp.
THE
SYRACUSE,
N. Y.
A MUSIC ROLL)
FOR A HOLIDAY GIFT
I
$175
FOR A
COINED
and fully to describe
NAME
NAME
representative, the art of WORKSHOPS. of the style with a copy in the
The original of the above illustration is made of imported tan colored leather, with markings in green. It is of fine workmanship, with strong strap and handle, and gun metal buckle. It is easily worth Three Dollars. This roll will be sent, carriage paid, to any address, upon the receipt of ONE NEW SUBSCRIPTION TO
I
1
distinctive is required THE A brochure
CRAFTSMAN
illustrative together
to be named, of the rules contest,
to be observed
THE
CRAFTSMAN
will be mailed to any address States or Canada upon stamp. of a two-cent
in the United the receipt
at the regular price of Three Dollars the year. A list of further Holiday Offers will be mailed upon receipt of two-cent stamp.
GUSTAV
STICKLEY
GUSTAV
The Craftaman
STICKLEY
Bldg., Syracuse, N. Y.
THE CRAPTSMAN BUILDIN(I, SYRACUSE, NEW YORK
,.
CRAFTSMANWORKSHOPS FABRICS~~~~~~~ CRAFTSMAN CANVASES

for Hangings and Cushions. Strong, even fabrics in a varfety of soft, dull tones, for use in Finely adapted by texture and weight Simple Schemes of Furnishings and Decoration. Samples of principle colors and shades mailed to any address to Cross-stitch and Hemstitch. in the United States upon receipt of two-cent stamp.
CRAFTSMAN LINENS
for Covers, Screens, Wall-hangings weaves. and pleasing colors. and AppliquC upon Craftsman Canvases. Plain, heavy
BLOOM LINEN
Woven like changeable silk, to show an undercolor with linen floss.
; especially adapted for embroidertng
LINEN OF NATURAL COLOR

For Window Curtains. Even weave and loose mesh falling in graceful folds. Cowespondence solicited and information resulting from long experience request made to suith fabrics, g&en upon
GUSTAV
THE CRAFTSMAN
STICKLEY
BLDG., SYRACUSE., N. Y.
All for
AN ALBUM OFARTFORYOUR LIBRARY! FIFTEEN BEAUTIFUL MOUNTED PICTURES FOR YOUR WALLS I $10.00 THE INTERNATIONAL STUDIO FOR ONE YEAR!
:: The o$er either for yourself or friend is limited :: Do not miss it
A splendid present
The International Studio

A yearly subscription to the INTERNATIONAL STUDIO costs $3.50 and means that each month you will receive the most sumptuous Art blagazine ever published, surveying the whole field of Art, current and retrospective, both in articles by eminent authorities, and 1 by a profusion of magnificent illustrations of every kind. $3*50 There are seldom less than eight full-page plates in colour, mezzotint, or photogravure, and in all about one hundred text cuts, including halftones, line drawings, etc., in each number.
The Art Portfolio

There are many subscribers who wish to have a representative selection of the finest plates which have appeared in the INTERNATIONAL STUDIO during the last seven years, to frame or to put up in their rooms. To fill this need the Publisher has prepared a special edition 2 $5.00 of fifteen magnificent representative colour and photogravure plates, with a view to variety of subject and method of reproduction; each one mounted on a card mat ready either to hang up or to be framed. These fifteen beautiful mounted pictures, enclosed in a handsome portfolio, cost five dollars.
The Art Album

New subscribers may like to have a collection of plates, from the INTERNATIONAL STUDIO, covering the last seven years of current Art history, or old subscribers may be glad to review the period at $5.00 3 For this purpose the a concise glance, so to speak. publisher has collected 100 of the finest representative plates, bound in a handsome volume, which is issued at five dollars. You can purchase the above separately or you can send for the three items together at $10.00 THE BODLEY HEAD, 67 FIFTH AVE. in your order
JOHN
LANE,
NEW
YORK
TWO
THIRD
BOOKS
EDITION
IN
TENTH
ONE
THOUSAND
HOW TO MAKE INDIAN AND OTHER BASKETS It has over 130 pages, is also published separately.
and 220 beautiful illustrations, many of them from photographs especially made for this work by George Wharton James. Cloth &JO. $1.00, Net. Postage,
12c.
Indian Basketry
and
How to Make Indian and other Baskets

By GEORGE WHARTON JAMES, Author
extra
of In
THE
BASKET
FRATERNITY
Around the Grand Canyon of the Colorado in Arizona; The Indians of the Painted Region, etc., etc. With CZoth Svo., upwards
$2.50,
and River Desert
of 600 Net.
I/lust Tations Postage,

25c.
extra
HIS comprehensive work is not only a wade mecum on Indian Basketry, but the new edi77 tion contains a full and exhaustive treatise on The Art of basket Making, and how to teach the art :o children and others. Every form of weave and stitch, is fully analyzed and clearly explained, so that without any other instruc:or the tyro may successfull!. learn the art.
is a society of Lovers of Indian Baskets and other Good Things, organized by George Wharton James. It publishes a quarterly bulletin entitled T/ze Basket, which will be full of illustrated material of great interest. The fraternity fee is $r.oo per year. Send for circular and enclose your fee, and you will receive a copy of Ifow to Make Indian and Other Muskets, (in paper), which is the first bulletin. (If desired in cloth binding, send 50 cents extra.) Also the July Basket (64 pages.) For the books named above or further respecting the Basket Fraternity, address information
THE
STATION
BASKET
A,
FRATERNITY
CALIFORNIA
P AS A D E N A,
HE SOCIETY
OF ARTS
AND
CRAFTS
conducts at ~1520, 14 domereet street, Boston, rooms for the exhibition and sale of work The designed or executed by members of the Society and admitted for sale by its Jury. Society is in this way demonstrating that, under right conditions, beautiful articles of handicraft can be produced by modern workers. Increasing numbers of intelligent buyers visit the salesroom whenever in search of wedding, Christmas, or other gifts having hoth intrinsic and artistic value Among because of the craftsmans evident effort to express some thought of beauty in his handiwork. the things shown at this time are hand-wrought silver, gold, copper, brass and iron; enamelled metal work; woven rugs, hangings, table covers, and home-spun linens; linsey-woolsey and Ruskin woolens; embroidery, pottery, glass, tiles, etc. A cordial invitation to visit the rooms is extended to all who are interested. He The Secretary is in position to arrange for the execution of special orders in a variety of crafts. will also be pleased to hear through correspondence. from any one unable to visit the rooms who would like to make purchases
is a small magazine published monthly by the Society, under the editorship of Mr. Arthur A. Carey, President of the Society, with Professors Charles Eliot Norton and H. Langford Warren as associate editors. The Society is desirous that every one interested in any phase of the Arts and Crafts movement whether economic or artistic-should read Ilandrrraft regularly. Old numbers are supplied at ten Subscriptions are invited at $1.00 per volume (April-March). cents each. Volume I can be furnished, unbound, for $1.00, or in bindings at from $1.50 to $7.50. Send for circular giving contents. H A N D 1 (: R A F T
THE SOCIETY OF ARTS U CRAFTS, Frederic
Alien Whiling, mention
Secy,
No. 74 Somerset
St.,
BOSTON, MASS.
Kindly
The Craftsman
HOW TO CONVERSE
TAUGHT BY MAIL By Our Method We Hav .e Taught Hundreds--
:,,zJfj~;;~d
Hold a Better Position- -
Winter Vacations in California

Tens of thousands are going to California for their Winter Vacations. Are you ? If you once know the charm of Californias climate and scenery you will want to go again. That is the experience of others. You may study guide books and maps until your eyes ache, but the only way to enjoy California is to co there. The trip can be made qutckly, comfortably, and at slight expense by the through train service of the
Chicago,Milwaukee and St. Paul and Union Pacific Line

The Overland fornia Express, Limited, leaving Chicago 6.05 p.m. daily, and the Caliat 10.25 p.m., run through to San Francisco via this route. Northern route travelers will find the Pioneer Limited to St. Paul and Minneapolis an unusually attractive train-leaves Chicago 6.30 p.m. The Southwest Limited to Kansas City is recommended to those who prefer a southern route.
Books, folders, time-tables and complete information on request
F.
General
A.
MILLER
Agent. CHICAGO
Passenger
Kindly
mention
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HEPAPERUSEDTHROUGHOUT THE CRAFTSMAN"

DILL& COLLINS COMPANY, PAPERMAKERS, PHILADELPHIA

Edited by W. R. LETHABY. Council School of Arts and siin at South Kensindtoo

additional. WILSON. IIalf-

Sfudcnts and Workers

Collct ) ype Insets,

BOOKBINDING AND THE CARE riair.5. Ry lhr,c;r .x3 COCKERIXI..

A lfamfbook fqr dnraterrrs,

of Bindings. are treated

1amo. not from

Half-bound, the standpoint to deaig:li, the material part than of good

of a tratle, and as it is calletl, into workmanship as subservient

the arts developetl or potters to treat use of the clay,

the hand then

hut in these of some fvrm.

as the ediof this of the

it is far too customary to coerce rather design object as an essential itself,

the shape and

It is the purpose as an outgrowth idea

OTHER VOLU%lES 70 ,WLI.OW

One-forty-one East Twenty-fifth

Street, New York

of only One Dollar

cordance with your instructions on. or just before. Christmas morn-

JAMES CLARKE 4 COMPANY 3, 5 and 7 West 226 St.. New York

SPECIAL SUBSCRIPTION OFFERS

Twelve Reasons Why The Pilgrim is not Like Other Magazines

is the best magazine

published. and each month American

II i?; 16th St., New York.

Please Craftsman Name

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*Jar\-ie: an Appreciation ClXftS : Their College with leasmt I:i~iloide-Illustrated Aims