Nema MG 2

NEMA MG*2 89
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STANDARDS PUBLICATION No. MG2
NATIONAL ELECTRICAL MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION
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2101 L STREET, N.w., WASHINGTON, D.C. 20037

I
COPYRIGHT National Electrical Manufacturers Association Licensed by Information Handling Services
~NEVA MG*Z
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6470247 0500655 B
NEMA MG 2-1989
MG 2
SAFEWSTANDARD FOR CONSTRUCTION AND GUIDE FOR SELECTION, INSTALLATION, AND USE OF ELECTRIC MOTORS AND GENERATORS
Published by:
National Electrical Manufacturers Association 2101 L Street, N.W., Suite 300 Washington, DC 20037
O 1992 by National Electrical Manufacturers Association
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
FOREWORD SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Section 1 Section 2
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Page
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1 2
REFERENCED SANDARDS AND DEFINlTIONS Enclosures
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CONSTRUCTIONANDTESTS General Corrosion Protection LiftingMeans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . wiring connections ...................................... TerminalHousings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bonding and Grounding .................................... Internal Electrical Circuits Insulating Supports and Barriers Internal and TerminalSpacingsInvolvingLive and Grounded Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . High Potential Testing ..................................... Thermal Protection Impedance Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Overspeed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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5 6 8 8 8 8 12 16 16 16
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Section 3
GUIDE FOR SEEEXTION. INSTAL,LAl"ION. AND USE OF ELECTRICMACHINES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Safety in Machine Application ................................ 19 Matching of theMachine t o theLoad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Degree of Enclosure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 ACMotorsfor Class I. Division 2. HazardousLocations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Proper Selection of Apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Variation h m Rated Voltageand Rated Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Usual Service Conditions ............................. . . . . . 22 Unusual Service Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Speed Limitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Operation of Direct-Current Motors on Rectified Alternating Current . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Shafthding 24 Transient Torques ....................................... 24 Torsional Vibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 TorquePulsationsDuringStarting of SynchronousMotors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Safety in Machine Installations ................................ 25 27 Safety in Machine Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Tables
Table 2-1 Table 2-2 Table 2-3 Table 2-4 Table 2-5 Table 2-6 Table 2-7 Table 2-8
Maximum Allowable Terminal Box Tempemture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Machines 11InchesinDiameterorLess ...................... MachinesMore Than 1 1InchesinDiameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minimum Size GroundingConductorTermination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minimum Spacing at Field-WiringTermi-Voltsand Less . . . . . . . . Minimum Spacing at Other 'IhanField-Wiring Terminals-600 Volts and Less . Minimum SpacingsVoltagesMore Than 600 Volts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . High Potential Test Wtages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7 9 9 11 12 13 14 15
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Foreword
The use of electric machines, like that of all other utilization of concentrated power, is potentially hazardous. The degree of hazard can be greatly reduced by proper design, selection, installation, and use, but hazards cannot be completely eliminated.The reduction of hazard is the joint responsibilty of the user, the manufacturer ofthe driven or driving equipment, and the manufacturer of the machine, The words "driven or driving equipment"as used in this publication mean equipment driven by a motor or equipment driving a generator. In this publication, Section2 deals with consauction details and tests,both of which contribute to safety. It is intended to assist the machine manufacturer to design and build them with features which will reduce hazards and also to assist the user and the manufacturer ofthe driven or driving equipment in the seleciton of machines that have been designed and built to have features that contribute to safety. T h e machine manufacturer has little, if any, control over the selection, installation, and use of these machines. S'ke the reduction of hazards depends greatly on how machines are selected, installed, and used, Section 3 of this publication has been preparedas a guide to assist the user and the manufacturer of the driven or driving equipment inthe proper selection, installation, and use of machines. It points out possible hazards and suggests ways and means to reduce them. If the guidelines given inSection 3 are followed, the possible hazards and risks of using machines will be reduced. MG 2-1989 completely revises and supersedesMG 2-1983. This publication is periodically reviewed by the Motor and Generator Section NEMA of for any revisions necessary to keep it up to date with advancing technology. Proposed or recommended o : revisions shouldbe submitted t Vice-Resident, Engineering National Electrical Minufacturers Association 2101 L Street, N.W., Suite 300 Washington, DC 20037
Scope
This publication defines construction requirements of electric machines intended for use in circuits of 50 volts and higher and provides recommendations for their selection, installation, use and in such a manner as to provide for the practical safeguarding of persons and property. Excluded from the scope of this publication are the following: 1. Weldinggenerators. 2. Booster, dynamic braking, and absorption-type machines. 3. Isolated electric farm lighting plants. 4. Variable-sped generator equipment for railway passenger cars. 5. Main propulsionmotors,generators,andmotor-generatorsetsmountedonrailroadand transit locomotives andcars. 6. Automotive motors, generators, and motor-generators e t s . 7. Motors, generators, exciters, and motor-generator or exciter sets mounted on airborne craft. 8. Toy motors and small synchronous motors of the type generally used in household clocks and timing devices. 9. Additional specific features required in machines for use in hazardous (classified) location. be in minesor in areas defined inthe National Electrical Code Such locations might ( A N S W A 70-1990), Chapter 5. 10. Machines built to military specifications having requirements which conflict with or override the provisions of this publication. 11. Machine parts intended for installation ina hermetically sealed enclosure. 12. Nonsalient-pole generatorsand their exciters. 13. Generators larger than lO,OOOkVA, and their exciters, for hydraulic turbine drive, including reversible motor-generator units. 14. Synchronous condensers, frequency changers, and phase converters. Since any machine can be installed or operated in such a manner that hazards can WUT, compliance with this publication does not by itself assure a safe installation. However, when a machine complying with this publication is properly selected with respect to the driven load and environment, and is installed in accordance with the applicable provisions of national codes and sound local practices, the hazards to persons and property will be reduced.
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SAFETY STANDARD FOR CONSTRUCTION AND GUIDE FOR SELECTION, INSTALLATION, AND USE OF ELECTRIC MACHINES
Section 1 REFERENCED STANDARDS AND DEFINITIONS
In this publication, referenceis made t o the following standards and other publications listed belw. Copies are available from the indicated sources.
American National Standards Institute (ANSI) 1430 Broadway New York,NY 10018
ANSI/ASME B15.1-1984
Safety Standard for Mechanical Power Transmission Apparatus American Society for Testing and Materials (ASI") 1916 Race Street Philadelphia, PA 19103
ASTM D635-8 1
Testfor Flammability of Selj-Supporting Plastics
National ElectricalManufacturers Association (NEMA) 2101 L Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20037 NEMA MG 1-1987 Motors and Generators
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Batterymarch Park Quincy, MA 02269
ANSI/NFPA 70-1990
National Electrial Code
Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. (UL) 333 Pfingsten Road Northbrook, Il 60062

A N S I / U L 674-1984
Electric Motors and Generatorsfor Hazardous Use in Locations, Class I Groups C and D, Class II Groups E, F and G
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ENCLOSURES 1.1 .I .4 DRIPPROOF GUARDED MACHINE Ventilation and other design considerations of machines A dripproof guarded machine is a drip resistant machine frequently quire openings in the exterior enclosures in whose ventilatingopeningsareguarded in accordance the vicinity of uninsulated live metal with 1.1.1.3. p a r t s , space heaters, NEMA Standard 1 1-3-1 983. ormovingmechanical parts ofthemachine.Machine enclosures in general use are defined1.1.1 in and 1.1.2. 1.1 .I.5 WEATHER-PROTECTED MACHINE, TYPE I NEM4 Standard 11-16-1989. A weather-protected T ) p I machine is an open machine 1.1.1 Open Machine with its ventilating passages so constructed as to minimize An open machine is one having ventilating openings the entrance of rain, snm, and airborne particles to the which permit passage of external cooling air over and electric parts and having its ventilated openings so conaround the windings of the machine. The term open mastructed as to prevent the passage of a cylindrical rod 0.75 inch in diameter. chine, when applied to large apparatus without qualificaNEMA Standard 1 1-3-1 983. tion, designates a machinehavingnorestriction to ventilation other than that necessitated by mechanical con- 1.1 .I .6 WEATHER-PROTECTED MACHINE, TYPE II struction. A weather-protected Type II machine shall have, in adNEMA Standard 1 1 3 - 1983. dition to the enclosure defined for a weather-protected 1.1.1.1 DRIPPROOF MACHINE Qpe I machine, its ventilating passages at both intake and A dripproof machineis an open machine in which the discharge so arranged that high-velocity air and airborne particles blown into the machine smrms by or high winds ventilating openings areso constructed that successful operation is not interfered with when drops of liquid qr can be discharged without entering the internal ventilating passages leading directly t o the electric parts of the masolid particles strike or enter the enclosure at any angle chine itself. The normalpath of the ventilating air which from O to 15 degrees, downward from the vertical. NEMA Standard 1 1 3 - 1983. parts of the machine shall be so arranged enters the electric by W i n g or separatehousings as to provide at least three 1 .I .1.2 SEMIGUARDED MACHINE abrupt changes in direction, none of which shall be less A semiguarded machine is an open machine in which than 90 degrees. In addition, an area of low velocity not part of the ventilating openings in the machine, usually in 600 feet per minute shall be provided in the exceeding thetophalf,areguardedasinthecaseofaguardedmachine intake air path to minimize the possibility of moisture or but the others are left open. dirt being carried into the electric parts of the machine. NEMA Standard 1 13-1983.
1.1
GUARDED MACHINE A guarded machine is an open machine in which all openings giving direct access to live metal or rotating parts (except smooth rotating surfaces) are limited in size by the structural parts or by screens, baffles, grilles, expanded metal, or other means to prevent accidental contact with hazardous parts. Openings giving direct access to such live or rotating parts shall not permit the passage of a cylindrical rod 0.75 inch in diameter. The opening in the machine enclosure mustbe such that: (1) aprobe,asillustratedinFigure 1-1, when inserted through the openings, shall not touch an uninsulated live metal part or a hazardous rotating part, and (2) a probe, as illustrated in Figure 1-2, when inserted through the openings, shall not touch film-coated wire.
1.1.1.3
NEMA Standard 1 1-3-1 983.
D = 0.50"
D = 0.50"
NEMA Standard 11-16-1972.
NOTE: Certain machine applications may require openings smaller than those specified fora guarded machine.
Authorized Engineering Information 11-16-1989.
I -
Ii
1.56"
4"
4-
- CONVENIENT ANY - LENGTH
0.75"
t I-
T i
, R = 0:25"
- 0.75"
PROBE Figure 1-1
PROBE Figure 1-2
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1 .1.2 Totally Enclosed Machine A totallyenclosed machine is one so enclosed as to prevent the free exchange of air between the inside and the outside of the case but not sufficiently e n c l o s e d t o be termed airtight.
NEMAStandard11-3-1983.
1.1.2.1TOTALLYENCLOSEDNONVENMATED MACHINE A totally-enclosed nonventilated machine is a totally-enclosedmachinewhich is not equippedforcoolingby means extemalto the enclosing parts.
1.I .2.4 TOTALLY ENCLOSED WATER-AIR-COOLED MACHINE A totally enclosed water-air-cooled machine a istotally enclosed machine which is cooledby circulating a i r which, in t u r n ,is cooled by circulating water. It is provided with a water-cooled heat exchanger for cooling the internal air and a fan or fans, integral to the rotor shaft or separate, for circulating the internal a i r .
NEMAStandard 1 1-3-1983.
1.I .2.5 TOTALLY ENCLOSED PIPE-VENTILATED MACHINE NEMA Standard 1 1-3-1983. A totally enclosed pipe-ventilated machine ais machine with openings so arranged that when inlet and outlet ducts 1.1.2.2 T ~ A L L ENCLOSED Y FAN-COOLED MACHINE or pipes are connected to them there is no f r e e exchange A totally enclosed fan-cooled machine is a totally enof the internal air and the air outside the case. Totally closed machineequipped for exterior cooling by means of enclosed pipe-ventilated machines may be self-ventilated a fan or fans integral to the machine but extemal to the ( a i r circulated by means integral to the machine) or forcedenclosing p a r t s . ventilated ( a i r circulated by means external to and not a NEMA Standard 1 1-3-1 9 8 3 . part of the machine). 1.1.2.3TOTALLYENCLOSEDFAN-COOLED NEMAStandad 1 1-3-1 983. GUARDED MACHINE 1.I .2.6 TOTALLY ENCLOSED AIR-OVER MACHINE A totallyenclosedfan-cooledguardedmachine is a A totally enclosed air-over machine is a totally enclosed totally enclosed fan-cooled machine in which all openings machine intended for exterior cooling by a ventilating givingdirectaccesstothefanarelimitedinsizebythe means external to the machine. structural parts or by screens, grilles,expanded metal,and so forth, to prevent accidental contact withthe f a n .Such NEMA Standard 1 1-3-1983. openings shall be guarded as in the case of guarded mas e e 1.1.1.3). chines (
NEMAStandard 11-3-1983.
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Section 2 ONSTRUCTION AND TESTS

GENERAL The provisions of the definitions in 1.1.1 and 1.1.2 for machine enclosures may be obtained by the construction of the machine housing or by the use of a supplemental enclosure, shield, or structure, provided such itemis securely held in place; or by a combination of two or more such items when the machine is assembled to the driven or driving device.
2.1
2.3 LIFTING MEANS Machines may include provisions for lifting the machine by means of eyebolts, lifting rings, integrally cast bosses, and so forth. When lifting means are provided, they shall be designed to lift the machine at any angle from the designed lifting direction between O degrees and 30 degrees for machines with single lifting pints, or between O degrees and45 degrees for machines with multiple lifting Authorized Engineering Information 11-16-1989. points ( s e e Figure 3-1 and 3-2) with a safety factor of at all least 5 (based on the ultimate strength and the use of T e s t s for compliance with the definitions for guarded intended lifting pints). This is to allow for overloads due machine given in 1.1.1.3 and 1.1.2.3 shall be made h m to acceleration, deceleration, or shock forces encountered the exterior of the supplemental enclosure. in handling. Any means provided for lifting only a sub-asA machine enclosure, including that of parts mounted on sembly of the machine shall be so identified. a machine, shall be so constructed that it will have the The lifting means shall be designed so that when the strength and rigidity necessary to resist the normal service machine is lifted in the intended manner the suspended to which it may be subjected without reduction or spacings mass is stable,i.e., normal handling forces will not cause or displacement of parts. a permanent shift or rotation of the load. Enclosures of nonmetaltic material shall be resistantto NOTE: See 3.16.7. adverse effects h m exposure to moisture, oil, and temNEMA Standard 11-16-1989. perature under normal conditions use of and shall be flame 2.4 WIRING CONNECTIONS retardant. Means shallbe provided to electrically connect the maIn the case of capacitors mounted on or in the machine, chine to its source of power or to its load. the capacitor, or its supplementary enclosure, shall prevent
the emission of flying fragments, flame, or molten material resulting h m failure of the capacita. Connecting means may be rigidly mounted wiring terTotally enclosed water-air-cooled machines shall have minals, wiring leads, or cord assemblies. interior baffles, or other means, to prevent cooler-tube Authorized Engineering Information 11-16-72. leakage and condensation from contacting the machine 2.4.1 Rigidly Mounted Wiring Terminals winding. The interior of the machine base shall be conA rigidly mounted wiring terminal may be one of the structed so that cooler leakage will collect and drain h m following types: the machine before reaching the level of the windings. 1. A soldering lug or pressure wire connector, securely For the selection and use of machine enclosures, see fastened in place. Section 3. 2. A wire-binding screwif provisions are made to hold NEMA Standard 11-16-1989. the wire in position. These screws, if used, be shall 2.2 CORROSION PROTECTION threaded in metal and shall have not less than two Iron and steel parts,* except beatings, laminations, and fullthreads ofengagement.Metalthicknessfor minor parts of i r o n and steel, suchas washers, screws, and these threads may be provided by extruding the similarparts,shall be suitably protected against corrosion by metal. enamelling,galvanizing,plating,orbyotherequivalent 3. Threaded terminal studs to whichleadassemblies means,ifthefailureofsuchunprotectedpartswouldbelikely are secured by a nut, and, for user wiring terminals, to result in a hazardous condition. a cupped washeror equivalent. NEMA Standard 11-16-1972. 4. Plugs,receptacles,jacks,sockets, orotherrecognized COM~C~OISfor power cable. *In certain instances where the oxidationof iron or steel caused by the 5. Blades or pins for individual conductor connection exposure of the metal t o air and moisture is not likelyto be appreciable (thickness of metal and temperature also being factors), the surfaces of used only for factory-wired assemblies, not for user sheet steel and cast-iron parts within an enclosure need not be protected wiring terminals, against corrosion. 6. Busbars. Authorized Engineering Information 11-16-1972.
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A wire-binding s c r e w or stud and nut intended for conIf the machine has provision for use on different values nection in the field of No.a10AWG or smaller conductor, of voltage by field alternation of internal connections, the shall be not smaller than No. 10, except that a No. 8 may attachment-plug cap provided with the machine shall be be used at a terminal intended only for the connection a ofsuitable for the voltage for which the machine is connected No. 14 AWG conductor. (Suggested Standard for Future when shipped from the factory. Design 11-3-83.) If a machine is provided with a flexible cord as the means Wiring terminals shall be securely fastened to prevent for line connection,strain relief shall be provided to prerotation. vent transmission of cord pull to the winding connection The wires of stranded leads for connections to wiring or to other internal electrical connections. Wiring cords terhinalsshallbe confined in pressure connectors, eyelets, shall be capable of withstanding the high-potential test soldering lugs, soldered, or welded in place, or otherwise voltage appliedto the machine. Provisions shall be made retained to prevent groundingor short-circuiting by stray to prevent the cord from coming into contact with the strands. operainternal rotatingparts and from interfering with the If terminal screws, nuts, or studs are of ferrous metal, tion of internal devices. they shall be plated to prevent corrosion. At any point where a flexible cord passes through an ( s e e Table 2-6, Note g) are If factory-wired terminals opening in a wall, barrier or enclosing case, there shall be to be reconnectedin service to change voltage speed or or a suitable bushing,or the equivalent, which is substantial to reverse rotation, the reconnection means shall be rigid and has a smooth, well-rounded surface against which the links or flexible leads with factory-assembled terminals. cord may bear. The bushing shall be reliably secured in The minimum spacing for factory-wired terminals shall be place. NEM4 Standard 11-1 6-1989. maintained for each connection. 2.5 TERMINAL HOUSINGS 2.4.2 Wiring Leads 2.5.1 Construction Wiring leads are flexible machine conductors supplied for connecting the machine windings to the line, for changTerminal housings of machines are the enclosures suring winding connections and for making connections to rounding the winding terminals of leads of the machine in auxiliary devices except those supplied for thermocouple, whichconnectionstotheincomingoroutgoingpower resistance temperature detectors or thermistors.Leads supply leads are made. shall be of suitable ampacity. A wiring lead intended for They may be separate enclosures mounted on the outside connection in the field shall not be smaller than 18 AWG. of the machine or they may be partially or completely part a Lead insulation shall be capable of withstanding the of the machine enclosure. The degree of enclosure of the high-potential test voltage applied to the electric circuit terminal housing shall be consistent with the basic enclosure involved. Provision shall be made to prevent the leads from of the machine; however, the minimum enclosure shall be (1) coming into contact with the internal rotating p a r t s ,(2) dripproof guarded except: interfering with the operation of intemal devices, and (3) 1. For openings for conduit connections. being abraded. 2. When the intended mounting arrangements for large Terminal lugs, when supplied with the wiring leads, shall machineshavingthepowerleadslocatedatthe be selected to conform with the provisions of the National bottom of the frame limits accessibility to the termiElectrical Code, Section 110-14. nal connections, the terminal housing may be open at the bottom. 2.4.3 Wiring Cords and Plugs Terminal housings, when supplied, shall be of substanWhen a machine is provided with a flexible cord or with tial construction. For machines more than 7 inchesin a flexible cord having an attachment-plug cap for COMWdiameter,t the terminal housings shall be capable of withtion to the supply circuit, the flexible cord shall type be of a standing without failure a vertical loading of 240 pounds suitable for the particular application. It shall be suitable on the horizontal surfaces when the machine is mounted than the rated voltage of the for use at a voltage not le& in any intendedposition.Forconduitboxeshavinga machine and shall have an ampacity, as given in the Nahorizontal surface of less than 12 square inches the load tional Electrical Code Section 400-5, not less than the shall be calculated on the basis of 20 pounds per square current rating of the machine. Such cords shall be provided inch ofhorizontalsurface. This loadshall be applied with a grounding conductor unless grounding is not rethrough a 2-inch diameter flat metal surface. Bending or quired, and the attachment-plug cap, when supplied, shall be considered a failure deforming of the housing shall not be of atype suitable for the rated voltage of the machine unless it results in spacing between the housing and any less t h a n 125 and shall have a current-carrying capacity not rigidly mounted line terminals less than indicatedin Tables percent of the rated current of the machine. 2-5 and2-7.
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In other t h a n hazardousclassifiedlocations,substantial The temperature test shall be conducted under the following conditions: non-metallic, nonbuming" terminal housings may be used 1. The supply conductor ampacity shall be 125 percent on motors and genemrs larger than 34 inches in diameter, shall be permitted on machines, provided internal grounding of the motor full load current rating,100 or percent means between the machine frame and the conduit connecof the generator rated current; tion is incorporated with the housing. 2. The supply conductors shall be of copper and their NEMA Standard 11-16-1989. ampacityshall be basedona 75C insulation rating; t ' I h i s is a diameter measured in the plane of the laminations of the circle 3. The conductors shall extend not less than 4 feet from circumscribing the stator frame, excluding lugs, fins, boxes, etc., used the terminal box; solely for motor cooling, mounting assemblyor connection. 4. The conductors shall be in conduit; and t t See American Society for Testing and Materials' Tesf for Flummabilify o f Self-Supporfing PlosfiCs, AS" D635-81, morethan 0.050 inch 5. All unused terminal box openings shall be closed.
(0.127 centimeter) i n thickness, for the non-burning test.
2.5.2 ThreadedConduitOpenings Those conduit openings intended to receive threaded conduit shallbe capable of withstanding (a) bending moment in any direction and @) torque in the direction of tightening, appliedto a short length of pipe, in accordance with the following values:
Conduit S b Inches Inches Pound
Table 2-1 MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE TERMINAL BOX TEMPERATURE (Based on an ambient temperatureof 30%)
Machine Enclosure
A
Class of Insulation System
B
F H
NEMAStandard 11-16-1989.
'/z
%
1 1' 4 1%
700
300 500
All enclosures except totally enclosed nonventilated: Totally enclosed nonventilated:
75 75
75
90
110
110
110
2.5.4 Dimensions and Space, Motors with Rigidly Mounted Terminals NEMAStandard I 1-3-1983. When these terminal housings enclose rigidly mounted 2.5.3 TerminalHousingTemperature motor terminals, the terminal housing shall be of sufficient size to provide minimum usable volumes in accordance The temperature within the terminal housing, and on the supply conductors, shall not exceed the values 2-1 in ,Tablewith the following: except that higher temperatures not exceeding llO'C are UsableVdumes permitted if the machine is marked as follows: "CAUTION: USE SUPPLY CONDUCTORS SUITMinimum Usable Volume per Power Supply, Power Supply Conductor, Conductor Size, ABLE FOR ' c " or equivalent wording.
larger 2 and
1, o 0 0 1,200 1,W
90
AWG
Cubic Inches
The value of temperatureto be marked shall be 90Cor 110Cfor terminal housing temperature ranges of 76-9O'C or 91-1l O T , respectively. The marking shall appear on the nameplate, inthe terminal housing or near the point where the supply connections will be made.
NEMA Standard 1 1-3-1
14 12 and 10
1.o
1.25 2.25
8 and 6
For larger wire sizes or when motors are installed as a part of factory-wired equipment, without additional conThe maximum temperatures are based on an ambient nection being requiredat the motor terminal housing durtemperature of30C. Temperature tests shall be conducted ing equipment installation,the terminal housing shall be at any room temperature between1O'C and 40'C and the of amplesizetomakeconnections,buttheforegoing variation below or above 3 0 T shall be respectively added provisions for the volumes of terminal housings need not to or subtracted from the observed temperatures. NEMA Standard 1 1-3-1 983. apply.
NEMA Standard 1 1-3-1
983.
983.
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nished for a screw, bolt, or stud intendedas a grounding 2.5.5 Dimensions and Space, Wire-to-Wire conductor termination. Connections When a machineis provided with a grounding terminal, When these terminal housings enclose wire-to-wire con- this terminal shall be of the solderless type, and shall be nections, they shall have minimum dimensions and usableon a part of the machine not normally disassembled during volumes in accordance with Tables 2-2 and 2-3. Auxiliary operation or servicing. as brakes, thermostats, space heaters, leads for such items When a terminal housing mounting screw, stud, or bolt exciting fields, and so forth, may be disregarded if their is used to secure the grounding conductor to themain current-carrying m a does not exceed 25 percent of the terminal housing there shall be at least one other equivalent current-carrying area of the machine power leads. securing meansfor attachment of the terminal housing to the machine frame. 2.5.6 Accessory Leads Suggested Standard for Future Design 11-16-1989. 1. For machines rated 601 volts and higher, accessory 2.7 INTERNALELECTRICALCIRCUITS leads shall terminateinaterminalboxorboxes 2.7.1 Current-carrying Parts separate from the machine's terminal housing. As an Current-carrying parts shall be of silver, copper, a copper exception,currentandpotentialtransformersloalloy, aluminum, plated iron or steel, or other material cated in the machine terminal housing shall be persuitable for the particular application andbe shall properly mitted tohavetheir secondary connections connected and mechanically secured. terminated in the machine terminal housing if sepaNEMA Standad 11-16-1972. rated from the machine leads by a suitable physical 2.7.2 Internal Wiring barrier to prevent accidental contact. 2, For machines rated 601 volts and higher, the termiInternal wiring shall be of a type suitable for the temnation of leads of accessory items normally operat- perature, voltage, environment, and other conditions of ing at a voltage of 50 volts (rms) or less shall be service for which the machine is designed. All splices and separated from other leads by a suitable physical connections shall be mechanically secure and shall provide barrier to prevent accidental contact or terminated adequate and reliable electrical contact. in a separate box. NEMA Standard 11-16-1972. NEMA Standard 11-16-1989. 2.8INSULATINGSUPPORTSANDBARRIERS 2.6BONDINGANDGROUNDING Insulating materials used to support or separate live parts 2.6.1 Bonding shall have thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties suitable for the service for which the machine is designed. When a machine is required tobe grounded, all exposed NEMA Standard 11-16-1972. noncurrentcarrying metal parts which are likely to be2.9 INTERNALANDTERMINALSPACINGS comeenergizedunderabnormalconditionsshallmake INVOLVING LIVE AND GROUNDED PARTS metal-to-metal contact or otherwise be electrically connected or bonded together to provide a common ground The spacing through air and over surfaces for machines connection. shall be not less than those indicated in Tables 2-5,2-6,0r2-7. NEMA Standard 9-7-1977. The voltage rating of the machine circuit for the winding or 2.6.2 Grounding Means for Field Wiring other livepart under consideration shall be used in applying as modified byNotes 6 and 7. In those cases When machinesare provided with terminal housings for the tables except wire-to-wire connections or fixed terminal connections, a where windings, or components, or both, are in two different electric circuits," the higher of the two rated circuit voltages means for attachment of an equipment grounding conducshall be used in applying the table to spacings between live tor termination shallbe provided inside, or adjacent with parts of the two circuits. Linings or barriers of insulating accessibilityfrom,theterminalhousing.Unlessitsinmaterials may be used where spacings are less than the values tended use is obvious, it shall k suitably identified. The specified in the tables, provided that such linings or barriers terminationshallbesuitablefortheattachmentand are securely fastened in place and are capable of withstanding equivalent fault current ampacity of a copper grounding the high-potentialtest. conductor as shown in Table 24. Where windings are varnish-treated as an assembly, butt A screw, stud, or bolt intended for the termination of a andlapjoint s intheinsulation are considered to be grounding conductor shall be not smaller than shown in continuous insulation. Table 2-4. For motor full load currents in excess of 30 For windings with supplemental insulation on the coil or amperes ac or 45 amperes dc, external tooth lockwashers, conductor, suchas taping, encapsulation, and so forth, the serrated screw heads, or the equivalent shall not be furspacings may be less than those given in the tables proNEMA Standad 1 1-3-1 983.
NEMA MG*,?
87 6490247
0500667 4
MG 2-1989 Page 9
vided the machine is capableof withstanding the high-potential test. spacings in the @bles do not apply to components or to electronicassembliesusedincontrolcircuits.
NEMA Stadad 11-16-1989.
*h electric circuit consists of all windings and other live parrs of a machine which are conductively connected to the same power supply or load b u s when starting or running. Fields of direct-currentmachines shall be considered t o be separate circuits unless they are permanently connected in the machine. Interconnectedpolyphase windings are considered as one circuit
Table 2-2 MACHINES 11 INCHES IN DIAMETER* OR LESS

HP C o v a Opening, Minimum Dimensions, Inches Usable Volume, Minimum, Cubic Inches
1 and smaller (2) lV2,1, and 3 5 and 7% 10 and 15
1.62 1.75 2.00 250
7.50 12.00 16.00 26.00
*This is a diameter measured in the plane of the laminations of the circle circumscribingthe stator frame, excluding lugs, fms. boxes, and such, used solely for motor cooling, mounting, assembly or connections. NOTE 1-For motors rated 1horsepower and smaller and with the terminal housing partially or wholly integral with the frame or endshield, the volume of the terminal housing shall be not less than 0.8 cubic inch per wire-to-wire connection. The minimum cover opening dimension is not specified. N U E3 1 motors mted 1l/a 2, and 3 horsepower and with the terminal housing padally or wholly integral withthe frame or endshield, the volume of the e t d housing shail be not less than l.0cubic inch per w i r e b w i r e The minimum cover opening dimension is not specified.
connection.
Table 2-3 MACHINES MORE THAN 11 INCHES IN DIAMETER*

Induction MotordOOVolts and Less Maximum F u l l h a d Current for Motors with Maximum of Twelve Leads Amperes Terminal Housing Minimum Minimum Dimension. Inches Usable Volume. CubkInches Typical Maximum Horsepower Three Phase
230 V d t
460 Volt
45 70 110 160 250 400
600
900 1200
Terminal Voltage Maximum
~
2.5 3.3 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 8.0 10.0
26 55 100 180 330
600 1100 2000 3200

Induction Motors-2300 Volts and Above
15 25 40 60 100 150 250
...
e..
30 50 75 125 200 300 500 700 1000

Qpical
Housing.
Fu"4oad Current
Minimum Dimension,Inches
Distance,. Inches Maximum Minimum UsableVolume, Cubic Inches Horsepower

e..
1602300 250 400
600
900
1604000 700 1000
5 6 7 8 8 8 14 16 14 16
600 1100 2000 2000
... ... ... ...

1000 5000 3000
180
600
1000 1750 2500
4Ooo
8 O O O
12.5 16 20 16 20
7000
6600260 680
8000
8000
*This is a diameter measured in the plane of the laminations of the circle circumscribing the stator frame, excluding lugs, fiins, boxes, and such, used solely for motor cooling, mounting, assembly or connections. *Minimumdistance from the entrance plate for conduit entrance to the centeriine of machine leads. *Terminal housings containing surge capacitors.surge arrestors, current transformers,or potential transformers require individual consideration.
NEMA MGU2 A9
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MG 2-1989 Page 10
Table 2-3 (continued) MACHINES MORE THAN 11 INCHES IN DIAMETER*
Synchronous Motors 'lkrminal Maximum Voltage
H o u s i n g .
Minimum DimenMinimum Usable don,hches Volume, Cubic Inches
Minimum Centerline Inches
Typical Horsepower Maximum

1.0 Power Factor
0.8 Power Factor
460
3200 160 2300
400 600 900 1200 250 400 600 900
7 8 8 10
5 6 7 8 8
600
1100 2000 180 330
300
... ... ... 1000 ...

...
400
600
900 1250
500 700
600
1100 2000 2000 5600
1000 ... 1750 ... 2500 ... 4000 ... 16 700020 16 3000 20
800 1250 2000 3000 4500

6OOo 8000
600
000 14 16 16
40001250 700 1000 14 6600 260 680
12.5 8
5000
5600 8000
Minimum Minimum Dimension,
3500 loo00
8000
Centerline Distance,. Inches
SynchronousGenerators Voltage
WA
Inches
UsaMeVdume, Cubic Minimum Inches -
201-3
480 incl. incl. 251-625, incl. 2400 incl. incl. 351-1250, 4160 incl. incl. 8000 6900 876-3 125, incl.
313-500, 501-750, 751-1000, 626-1000, incl. 1001-1563, 1564-2500, 2501-3750, incl. 12.5 1251-5000, 5001-7500, incl. 312643750, incl.
7 8 8
600 1100 2000

180 330 600 1100 2000 2000 5600
5600 8000
...
...
... ...
5 6
7
8 8 8 16 14 16
... ... ... ...

16 16 20
" "
...
*'his is a diameter measured in the plane of the laminations of the circle circumscribingthe stator frame, excluding lugs, fins, boxes, etc., used solely for motor cooling, mounting, assemblyor connections.
* M i n i m u m distance from the
entrance plate for conduit entrance to the centerline of machine leads. *Terminal housings containing surge capacitors, surge arresters, current transformers, or potential transformers require individual consideration.
NEMA MG*2 89 ICa4702V7 0500669
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MG 2-1989 Page 11
Table 2-3 (continued) MACHINES MORE THAN 11 INCHES IN DIAMETER*
Dfrect-Current Machines Maximum Terminal Machines F u l l hfor a d Current with Maximum of Six Leads
Housing.
Minimum Dimensions,
Inches
Minimum UsableVdume, Cubic Inches
68 105 165 240 315 600 900
2.5 3.3
4.0
5.0 6.0
26 55 180 330 600 1100
7.0 8.0
*This is a diameter measured in the plane of the laminations of the circle circumscribing the stator frame, excluding lugs, fins, boxes, and such, used solely for motor cooling. mounting, assembly or connections. *Terminalhousings containing surge capacitors, surge arresters, current transformers, or potential transformers require individual consideration.
Table 2 4 MINIMUM SIZE GROUNDING CONDUCTOR TERMINATION

Motor Full Load Current AC
I
Dc
Minlmum Size Grounding of Conductor 'krmlnation Attachment Means, AWG
Minimum Size of Sam,Stud, or

Steel
Bolt
Bronze
12 16 30 45 70 110 160 250 400 600
12 16 40 68 105 165
240 375
14 12 10 8 6
4
... ... ...

#10 #12
5/16" 5/16"
3
1
600
900
WO
310
...
3/8"
...
W'
NEMA M G * Z
B 9 Ib47024'7 8500b70
MG 2-1989 Page 12
When conducting a high-potentialtest on an assembled 2.10 HIGHPOTENTIALTESTING brushless exciter and synchronous machine field winding, The high potential test voltage specified in Table 2-8 shall the brushless circuit components (diodes, thyristors, and be applied to the windings of each new machine in accordso forth) shall be short circuited (not grounded) during the ance withthe test procedures specified in NEMA Standards test. Publication MG 1,Motors and Generators. NEMA Standard 11-1 6-1989.
NEM4 Standad 11-16-1989.
WARNING-Because of the high voltages used, high potential tests should be conducted only by trained personnel and the following minimum safety precautionsstated in 2.10.1 through 2.10.4 should be taken to avoid injuryto personnel and damage to property.
Table 2-5 MINIMUM SPACING AT FIELDWIRING TERMINALS* "600 VOLTS AND LESS
Potential Invdved VdtS
in
Minimum Spacings in Inches Through A i r or Over Surface-
50 to 250, incl. 251 to 6 0 0 , incl.
*Fieldwiring terminals of machines are those to whichsupplyline connections are made, at the point of use, by or on behalfof the user. The user is the ultimate consumer or user of the machine and its driven or driving equipment or of the equipment on which the machine is employed. *Appliestothe sum of the spacings involved where an isolated dead metal part is interposed. See Note 4. NOTE 1-The spacing between field-wiringterminals of opposite polarand a spacing between a field-wiring terminal and any other uninsulated metal part (dead or live) not always of the same polarity, shall be Authorized Engineering Information 9-7-1977. not less than that indicated. 2.10.2AccessoriesandComponents NOTE 2 I f an uninsulated live part is not rigidly fixed in position by other than friction between surfaces or if a movable dead metal A l l accessories such as surge capacitors, lightning arrest- means part is in proximity to an uninsulated live part, the construction shall be ers, current transformers, andso forth, which have leads such that the minimum acceptable spacing will be maintained. NOTE%Thespacingsdo not apply to the inherent spacings of a connected to the rotating machine terminals shall be discomponent of the machine, such as a snap switch; such spacings are connected during the test, with the leads connected tojudged on the basis of the requirements for the component in question. gether and to the frame or core. These accessories shall The spacings do apply between a component live part, such as on a snap switch, and adjacent metal parts. For a repulsion motor, a repulsion-inhave been subjected to the high-potential test applicable to duction motor, or a repulsion-start induction motor, the spacings do not the class of apparatus at their point of manufacture. Caapply to the commutator, the brush assembly, or the jumpers that shortpacitors of capacitor-type motors must be left connected circuit thebrushes.Anyuninsulated conductor of the rotor circuitis regarded as a dead metal part with respect to the stator circuit, and the to the winding in the normal manner for machine operation appropriate spacingisrequired between uninsulated stator androtor (running or starting). conductors. Componentdevicesandtheircircuitssuch as space NOTE 4-If an isolated dead metal part is interposed between or is in heaters and temperature sensing devices in contact with close the proximity to (1) live parts of opposite polarity, (2) a live part and an exposed dead metal part, or (3) a live part and a dead m e d part that winding (thermostats, thermocouples, thermistors, resismay be grounded, the spacing may be not less than 3/a4 inch between the tance temperature detectors, and so forth) connected other isolated dead metal part and any one of the parts previously mentioned, other than in theline circuit, shall be connected to the frame or if the total spacing between the isolated dead metal part and the two parts is not less than the value indicated. t e s t s . Each of core during machine winding high-potential NOTE %-The minimum spacings shall notbe reduced by changes in the thesecomponentdevicecircuits,withleadsconnected clearance and creepage spacings due to the assembly of terminal leads in various positions. together, shall then be tested by applying a voltage between NOTE &The minimum spacings for the field winding of synchronous the circuit and the frame or core, equalto twice the circuit machines shall be based upon the higher o f loo0 volts, or equal to the high-potential rated voltage plus a. 'Ihe voltage range corresponding to the rated excitation voltage,or b. The next lower voltage range corresponding to the maximum rms test voltage of the machine, whichever is lower. During voltage appearing across the poles (or groups of poles when segregated) each device circuit test all other machine windings and during starting with rated voltage applied to the stator terminals. components shall be connected together andto the frame f woundNOTE 7-The minimum spacings for the secondary winding o rotor motors shall be based uponthe maximum voltage induced between orcore.Unlessotherwisestated,theratedvoltage of collector ringsonopencircuitat standstill (or running if underthis temperature sensing devices shall be taken as follows: condition the induced voltage is greater) withratedprimary voltage T h e r m o s t a t s 4 volts applied to the statorterminals.
2.10.1 Grounding To minimize the safety hazards, as a general rule the frame or core and a l l external metal parts of the machine being tested should be grounded with all windings and components not under test connected together and to the frameorcore. If themachineunder test is to be ungrounded, proper precautions (which may include sethe lection of test equipment) shouldbetaken to render the test and the area safe for personnel.
ity.
Thermocouples, thermistors,RTD's-50
volts.
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-b-=
MG 2-1989 Page 13
TaMe 2-6 MINIMUM SPACING AT OTHER THAN FIELDWIRING TERMINALS-") VOLTS AND LESS
Potentlal Invdved in
Mlnimurn Spacinps - in Inches
VdlS
Parts I n v d v e d
Diameter 7 Inches or Less' Over Surfsce
Dirunkter More than 7 Inches*
ThroughAir
Through Air
vib
50-125 126-250 251-600
Commutator or collectorrings
Elsewhere in the machine gb
1/16
3/32" 1/16
Commutator or collector rings
3 ! 4 6 b
y4b.d
Elsewhere in the machinegb

Commutator or collector rings and live parts of the brush rigging
3 h 2
Elsewhere in the machine gb

.This is the diameter, measured in the planeof the laminations, ofthe circle circumscribing the stator frame, excluding lugs,fm,boxes, and so forth, used solely for machine mounting, cooling, assembiy. or c o n n e c t i c m .
Spacing of not less than 3/32 inch are accepable throughout a universal motor.
c
For a motor rated 1/3 horsepower or less, these spacings may be not less than 1/16 inch.
Enamel-insulated wire is considered to be an uninsulated livepart. However,*a spacingof not less than 3/32 inch (over surfaceand through air) between enamel-insulated wire, rigidly supported and held in place 001 a coil, and a dead metalpart is acceptable.
%rough& spacings involving a colledor ring maybe not less than 1/8 inch.
Spacings not less than 114 inch are acceptable between live parts and dead metal parts (1) within a subassembly and (2)between partsin different subassemblies of the following types only: 1. a terminalboard not intended for field wiring, 2. centrifugally-operated (1) starting, (2) auxiliary, and (3) interlock switches, 3. a starting relay, and 4. a capacitor. This applies onlyto subassemblies mountedon or inside a machine. *Elsewhere in the machine includes factory-wired terminals. Factory-wired terminals are termi~ls to which connections are made by the machine manufacturer or the equipment manufacturer, but not the user as defined in the single asterisked note in Table 1-5.
hA
capacitor that employsan internal intermper to prohibit expulsion of aflammable dielectric. in the eventof rupture of its enclosure. shall have in the axial direction to allow movementof the terminals. additional through-air spacing Such axial movement requires a total of 9/16 inch through-air to spacing a deadmetal enclosure if the machine is intended for connection to a source of potential ratedup to 300 volts, and 5/8 inch total ifthe machine is intended for connedion to a sour of potential rated 301-600 volts.
NEMA M G * 2 8 9
6 6 0 2 4 7 0500672 B
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Table 2-7 MINIMUM SPACINGS-VOLTAGES OVER 600 VOLTS
Minimum Spacing Between Bare LiveParts of Opposite Pdarity and Between Bare Live Partaand Parts Which MayBe Grounded When Machine Is i n Operation Rating Range,
clearanInches
3/8
Distance,
Vdts
Creepage Inches
3/4
601-1Ooo 1001-2000 u)o1-3000

Line to L i n e
34
1 Line to Ground
Line to Line Line
1Y 8 2
to Ground
3001-5Ooo 5001-7500 7501-12500 12501-15000
3Y '
4
2% 3
498
5%
6
5 7 8
3 ?h 5
5Y4
~NEMA MG*2 89 W 6470247 0500673

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MG 2-1989 Page 15
TaMe 2-8 HIGH POTENTIAL TEST VOLTAGES (See 1.lo)

1. Motors
A. Universal Motors (rated for operation on circuits not exceeding 250 volts) 1. Motors rated horsepower and larger andall motors for portabletools 2 All other motors'
ln
.............. ..............
loo0 volts + 2 times the rated voltage of the motor. loo0 volts.
B. Induction and Nonexcited SynchronousMotors 1. Motors rated ln horsepower and larger a. Stator windings b. For secondary windings of wound rotors of induction motors
.............. .................
................
loo0 volts + 2 times the rated voltage of the motor.

loo0 volts +2 times the maximum voltage induced between collector rings on open circuit at standstill(or nmning if under this conditionthe voltage is p a t e r ) with ratedprimary voltage applied to the stator terminals.
induced between collector loo0 volts 4 times the maximum voltage rings on open circuit at standstill with rated primary voltage applied to the
stator terminals.
c. For secondary windings of wound rotors of reversing motors
2 Motors ratedless thanIf2 horsepower a . Rated 250 volts or less b. Rated above 250 volts C.Direct-current Motors 1. Motors rated horsepower and larger a. Armature or field windings for useon adjustablevoltage electronicpowersupply
............ ............
l o o 0 volts. loo0 volts +2 times the rated voltage of the motor.
ln
........... b. AU other armatureor field windings . . . . . . . 2. Motors ratedless than ln horsepower a. 24Ovolts or less . . . . . . . . . . . . . . b. Rated above 240 volts . . . . . . . . . . . .
..............
loo0 volts +2 times the acline-to-line voltage of the power supply selected for the basis of rating. loo0 volts +2 times the rated voltage. ofthe motor. loo0 volts. See 1.C.l.a and l.C.l.b above.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . loo0 volts + 2 times the rated voltage-of thegenerator. 4 * Complete motors less thanln horsepower shall be considered to be m the "all other" category unless marked to indicate k a t they are motors for
portable tools. Where the voltage ratingof a separately excited field of a d i m a r r e n t machine is not stated, it shall be assumed to be 1.5 times the field resistance in ohms at 2 5 ' C times the rated field mrrent NEMA StandNd 11-3-1983. NOTE l-Certain applications may require high-potential t e s t voltages higherthan those specified. NOTE 2"I'he normal production high-potential test voltage maybe 1.2 times the specified 1-minute high-potential Voltage, test applied for1 second.
D. Synchronous Motors-except for nonexcted synchronous motors (see 1B) 1. Armature windings 2. Field windings including brushless exciters 2. Generators A. Generators rated250 warn or more-expt for field windings of synchronous generators (See2.C.) B. Generators rated less than 250 watts 1. Rated 2.50 volts or lessbut above 35 volts 2. Rated above 250 volts C.Field windingsof synchronous generators (rated 250 watts
......
l o o 0 volts + 2 times therated voltage of the motor. See NEMA Smdard MG 1. Part 21.
......... .......
loo0 volts + 2 times the rated voltage. of the generator.

loo0 volts.
used for high-potential tests on primary windings ofmachines rated 6ooo volts or NOTE G A direct instead of an alternating voltage is sometimes higher. In such cases, a test voltage equal to 1.7 times the specified alternating-current test voltage (effective value)is recommended.
NOTE A T Oavoid excessivestressing of the insulation, repeated application the of high-pential test voltage is not recommended. Immediately after manufacture, when equipnent is installed or assembled with other apparatus ahigh-potential and test of the entire assembly is Equired, it is recommended that the test voltagenot exceed 85 percent ofthe original test voltage or. when in an assembled group, not exceed 85 percent of the lowest test voltage of the group. Authorized Engineering Information 9-7-1977.
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2.10.3 Discharging Windings After Test As a result of the alternating voltage high-potential test, the tested winding may retain a significant charge. Unless it is known that the retained charge is insignificant, the tested winding should be discharged to ground before it is touched by personnel. Following a direct-voltage high-potential test, the tested windings should be discharged to ground. The insulation the test level of the voltage ratingofthewindingand applied, determine the period of time required to dissipate the charge and, inmany cases, thegroundshould be maintained for several hours to dissipate the charge to avoid hazard to personnel.
2.13.2 Direct-Current Motors 2.13.2.1 SHUNT-WOUND MOTORS Direct-current shunt-wound motors shall withstand an overspeed of 25 percent above the highest ratedspeed or 15 percent above the corresponding no-load speed, whichever is greater.
2.1 3.2.3 SERIES-WOUND MOTORS AND COMPOUND WOUND MOTORS HAVING SPEED 2.1 1THERMALPROTECTION REGULATIONGREATER THAN 35 PERCENT Motors provided with a thermal protector conforming to Since these motors require special consideration, dethe requirements of MG 1-1.71, Thermal Protector, (defi- pending upon the application for which they are intended, nition) shall be stamped ThermallyProtected* onthe the manufacturer shall assign a maximum safe operating nameplate. speed which shall be stamped on the nameplate. These A thermally protected motor is a motor which is promotors shall withstandan overspeed of 10 percent above tected against dangerous overheating due to overload and the maximum safe operating speed. failure to start. Smallmotorsusuallyarecapable of withstandinga * Motors rated 100 watls and less may be marked "'P.'' speed of 10 percent above no-load speed. When this is the 2.12 IMPEDANCE PROTECTION case, the safe operating speed marking is not required. NEMA Standard 11-16-1989. Motorssupplied as impedanceprotectedshallbe stamped Impedance Protected*on the nameplate. 2.13.2.4 PERMANENT-MAGNET-EXCITED MOTORS An ImpedanceProtected motor is oneinwhichthe Permanent-magnet-excited motors shall withstand the impedance of the motor windings is sufficient to prevent overspeeds specified in 2.13.2.1, except that, if the motor overheating due to failure to start. also has a series winding, it shall withstand the overspeed * Motors rated 100 watts and less may be marked'"P.'' specified in 2.13.2.2 or 2.13.2.3. NEMA Standard9-7-1977. 2.13 OVERSPEED 2.13.3 Alternating-Current Series and It may be hazardous to operate a machinefor a signifiUniversal Motors cant length of time at higher than rated speed. However, machines shall be so constructed that, in an emergency not Alternating-current series and universal motors shall be to exceed one minute, they will withstand without mecapable of withstanding speed a which is10percent above chanical injury,overspeeds in accordance with the follow- the no-load speed at rated voltage. NEM4 Standard 9-7-1977. ing specifications.
NEMA Standard11-1 6-1 989. NEM4 Standard 9-7-1977.
2.10.4 Guarding In the interest ofsafety,precautions shall be taken to prevent anyone f r o m coming in antact with any part of the circuit o r while high-potential tests are in progress.
2.13.2.2 COMPOUND-WOUND MOTORSHAVING SPEED REGUIAIION OF 35 PERCENTOR LESS Compound-wound direct-current motors having speed a regulation of 35 percent or less shall withstand an overspeed of 25 percent above the highest rated speed or 15 the corresponding no-load speed, whichever percent above is greater, but not exceeding 50 percent above the highest rated speed.
2.13.1 I N D U C IO N
MOTORS
Percent of Synchronous Speed
200 Hp
speeds, Rpm
Synchronous Overspeed,
200 Hp and Smaller Over
NOTE: For motors which are integrally attached to loads that cannot become accidentally disconnected, the words "no-load speed" shall be interpreted to mean the highest speed attainable with the integrally attached load.
20 1801 and over 25 1201 to1800 1200 and below
25 25
50
25
NEM4 Standard 9-7-1977.
NEMA MG*Z 89
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MG 2-1989 Page 17
2.13.4Salient-PoleSynchronousMotors Salient-pole synchronousmotors shall withstand overspeeds above rated synchronous speed as follows:
Synchronous Speed, RPm
2.13.5Salient-PoleSynchronousGenerators Salient-pole synchronous generatorsshall withstand an overspeed of 25 percent above rated synchronous speed.
NEMA Standard9-7-1977.
Overspeed, Percent of Synchronous Speed
1800-1500 1499 and below
20
25
2.13.6 Direct-Current Generators Direct-current generatorsshall withstand an overspeed of 25 percent above rated speed.
NEMA M G * 2
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NEMA MG82 87 H 6470247 O500677 7
MG 2-1989 Page 19
Section 3 GUIDE FOR SELECTION, INSTALLATION, AND USE OF ELECTRIC MACHINES

3.3 MATCHING OF THE MACHINE TO THE 3.1 GENERAL LOAD The construction provisions set forth in Section 2 of this Theapplicationinformationrequiredfortheproper publication cannot by themselves assure safety in we of matchingof a machinetotheinfinitevarietyofload machines. There is as great-a need for safeguards in the requirementsisbeyondthescopeofthispublication. selection, installation, and use of machines as there is for NEMA Publication MG 1provides basic application inforsafeguards in their design and manufacture. The following mation along with minimum performance characteristics recommendations are generally applicable but there may for machinesto assist the user in making the proper selecbe situations where conflict with other safety measures or tion of the machine for the particular application. operational requirements w i l l necessitate that these recomAutfiorized EngineeringInformation 11-16-1989. mendations be modified. Wheretheabove-mentioned safeguards and past experience of the user are not suffi3.4DEGREE OF ENCLOSURE cient to serve as a guide, the manufacturer of the driven or 3.4.1 General driving equipment or the machine manufacturer, or both, Therequireddegree of enclosure of a machine,for should be consulted to develop further information. This personnel safety, is dependent upon the installation and further information should be considered by the user, his application of the equipment. Therefore, the user or the consultants, or others most familiar with the detailsthe of manufacturer of the driven or driving equipment should application involved when making the f i n a l decision. consider the following questions when selecting the degree The importance of communication between manufacof enclosure for the machines: turer and user cannot be overemphasized. The chances for 1. Will the equipment be installed in: preventing hazardous incidents and limiting their conseResidences? a. quences are greatly improved when both user and manub. Places regularly open tothe public? facturer are correctly and fully informed with respect to c.Placesfrequentedonlybypersonsemthe intended use and all environmental and operating conployed on the premises? ditions. Since such intended use and environmental and d. Places accessible only to ClUalifed personoperating conditions are under the sole control of the user, nel? who has the most complete knowledge of the intended use 2. Will the equipmentbe attended byan operator when and the environmental and operating conditions, the user it is in use? should select and install machines which will optimize 3. Are the size, location,appearance,andworking safety in use. This guideis intended only t o assist him in anangement of the equipment such that they will such selection, installation, and use. discourage inappropriate use or approaches to the Authorized Engineering Information 11-16-1989. equipment? 3.2 SAFETY IN MACHINE APPLICATION 4. Is it possible to encounter hazard in the installed Theapplicationsformachines are sonumerousthat machine if it is approached or serviced in a manner exceptions can be cited to almost every recommendation other than the manner for which it was designed? If for safe application. Among the many factors that be must so, are the hazards of such actions visibly obvious considered in machine application are: to the personnel operating, servicing, and generally 1. Proper matching of the machine to the load. having access to the machine? 2. Degreeofenclosure. The following recommendations for the selection of 3. Service conditions. machine enclosuresare given as a guide. If other than the 4. U s e of back-upequipmentwheretheapplication recommended machine enclosuresare to be applied, it is requires exceptional reliability for the protection of recommended that the installation be isolated and made life and health, property or perishable products. inaccessible by fencing, by isolation in a room, by addiWhere the application or performance informationbetional enclosures, or by other means, so that access to the yond that contained in this publication is needed, NEMA isolated areas is limited only to qualified personnel. QualiPublication MG 1 or the machine manufacturer, or both, fied personnel are those who are familiar with the conshould be consulted. struction and operation of the equipment and with the Authorized Engineering Information 11-16-1989. hazards involved
NEMA MG*Z
89
647024 07 500b78
MG 2-1989 Page 20
3.4.2 Application in Reskknces and in Places Regularly Open to the Public For those applications in residences and in places which are regularly open to the publicandwhichcannot be isolated h m thepublic,onlythefollowingmachines should be used: 1. Guarded machines; 1 2. Totally-enclosednonventilatedmachines; 3. Totally-enclosed fan-cooled guarded machines; 4. Totally-enclosed water-airaoled machines; 5. Totally-enclosed pipe-ventilated machines; 6. Weather-protectedmachines;and 7. Open machines when the enclosure of the equipment provides the equivalenta of guarded machine.
c 'e r t a i nm a c h e qplications may require openings smaller than those
As an alternative, the user may select an open or nonexplosion-proof enclosed motor for submissionto the local authority for approval. Since the enclosure is not explosion-proof, the user should consider the temperature of external and internal surfaces of the motor to which the surrounding atmospherehas access. For open, ambient-air-breathing ac integral and large machines, the operating surface temperature of insulated windings w i l l normally be associated with the insulation class. NEMA standards do not establish values of t o t a l temperature; only values of observable temperature rise are given. However, the following table can be used as a guide based on a 40C ambient temperature and observable continuous temperature rises as specified in NEMA MG 1-12.42, MG 1-12.43, MG 1-20.40, and MG 1-21.40.
Insulation class
TypidTotal WindingTemperature
mentioned for a guarded machine. Authorized Engineering Information 11-16-1989.
1 . 1 5 Servi Factor 1.0 Service Factor 3.4.3 Applications in Places Restricted to Persons Employed on the Premises Class H ... 180C Class F 155'C 165'C Many years of experience in industrial plants, light comClass B 140'C 130C mercial installations, and other areas where access to the 105'C 115C Class A equipment is normally restricted to persons employed on the premises have established that the following machines have a successful and satisfactory safety record: The rotor surface temperature of squirrel-cage induction 1.Dripproofmachines; motors cannot be accurately measured on production units. 2. Semi-guarded machines; The rotor surface temperature varies greatly with enclo3. Totally-enclosed fan-cooled machines; and sure type, cooling method, insulation class, and slip, but 4.Machinesrecommendedabovefor use inplaces may be in the range of 150-225C for Class B or Class F regularly opento the public. insulated normal slip motors when operating at rated load Authorized Engineering Information 9-7-1977. and in a 40C ambient temperature. 3.4.4 Application in Places Accessible Only The abve insulated winding temperatureand rotor surface to Qualified Personnel e t m p u t r evalues are typical values based on continuous Any of the machine enclosures mentioned in 2.4.3 may operation atrated voltage and rated frequency underusual e Margin for voltage and frequency varibe used in these places. In addition, many years of experi- ~ M c conditions. ations, manufacturing variation, overload, or hot start and enceinpowerplantsand in otherapplicationswhere accelmtion is not included. The motor manufacturer should machines are so located OT installed that they are accessible be consulted for further information. only to qualifed personnel have established that open When motor-mounted space heaters are to be furnished, machines havea successful and satisfactory safety record it is recommended that the exposed surface temperature be Authorized Engineering Information 9-7-1977. limited to 80 percent of the ignition temperature of the gas 3.5 AC MOTORS FOR CLASS I, DIVISION 2, or vapor involved with rated space heater voltage applied HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS and the motor deenergized. Open or nonexplosion-proof enclosed motors are alThe range of ignition temperatures so is great and varilowed bythe National Electrical Code as longas they do able that it is not practical for the motor manufacturer to not have brushes, switching mechanisms, or other similar determine if a given motoris suitable for a Division a r e a 2. m-producing devices. Accordingly,the user has two posThe user's knowledge of the area classification, the applisibilities when selecting a motor for Class I, Division 2 cation requirements, the insulation system class, and past applications. experience are all factors which should be considered by is to select an The recommended approach for the user the user, his consultant, or others most familiar with the explosion-proof motor, which in accordance with Under- details of the application involved when making the final writers Laboratories I n c .requirements, shall not exceed decision. the specified external surface temperature underoperany Authorized Engineering Information 11-1 6-1 989. ating condition.
NEMA M G * 2
89 W 6470247 0500679 O
MG 2-1989
Page 21
3.6 PROPER SELECTION OF APPARATUS 3.7.1.2 STARTING Machines should be properly selected with respect to The limiting values of voltageandfrequencyunder their usual or unusual service conditions, both of which which a motor will successfully start and accelerate to involvetheenvironmentalandoperatingconditions to running speed depend on the margin between the speedwhich the machine is subjected. Machines conforming to torque curve of the motorat rated voltage and frequency the Scope and Section 1 of this publication are designed andthespeed-torquecurveoftheloadunderstarting for operation in accordance with their ratings under usual conditions. Since the torque developed by the at motor any service conditions. Some machines may also be capable speed of is approximately proportional to the square of the operating in accordance with their ratings under one or voltage and inversely proportional to the square of the more unusual service conditions. Definite-purpose speor frequency, it is generally desirable to determine what voltcial-purpose machines maybe required for some unusual age and frequency variations w i l l actually occur at each conditions. installation, takinginto account any voltage drop resulting Service conditions, other than those specified from the starting current drawn bythe mota-. This as usual, informay involve some degree hazard. of The additional hazard mation and the torque requirements of the driven machine define the motor depends upon the degree of departure from usual operating speed torquecurve, at rated voltage and conditions and the severity of the environment to which frequency, whichis adequate for the application, Authorized Engineering Information11-16-1972. from the machineis exposed. The additional hazard results such things as overheating, mechanical failure, abnormal 3.7.1.3 OPERATION FROMVARIABLE-FREQUENCY deterioration of the insulation system, corrosion, fire, or OR VARIABLE-VOLTAGE POWER SUPPLIES explosion. OR BOTH Although past experience of the user may often be the Induction motors to be operated from solid-state or other bestguide,themanufacturerofthedrivenordriving types of variable-frequency or variable-voltage power supequipment or the machine manufacturer, or both, should plies, or both, for adjustable-speed-drive applications may be consulted for further information regarding any unusual require individual consideration to provide satisfactory service conditions which increase the mechanical or ther- performance. Especially for operation below rated speed, maldutyofthemachineand, as a result, increase the it may be necessary to reduce the motor torque load below chances for failure and consequent hazard. This further the ratedfull-loadtorque to avoid overheating the motor. information shouldbe considered by the user, his corisult- The motor manufacturer shouldbe consulted before selectants, or others most familiar with the details of the appli- ing a motor for such applications. cation involved when making the final decision. Authorized Engineering Information11-16-1972.
3.7VARIATIONFROMRATEDVOLTAGE 3.7.2.1 RUNNING AND RATED FREQUENCY Motors will operate successfully in synchronism, rated Motors 3.7.1 Induction exciting current W i g maintained, under running condi3.7.1.1 RUNNING tions at rated load with a variation in the voltage or the Motors will operate successfully under mnning condifrequency up to the following: tions at rated load with a variation in the voltage or the a. Plus or minus 10 percent of rated voltage with rated frequency up to the following: frequency; a. Plus or minus10 percent of rated voltage with rated b. Plus or minus 5percent of rated frequency with rated frequency. voltage; and b. Plus or minus 5 percent of rated frequency with rated c. Acombined variation in voltage and frequency of 10 voltage. percent (sum of absolute values) of the rated values, c. Acombined variation in voltage and frequency of 10 provided the frequency vdation does not exceed percent (sum of absolute values) of the rated values, 5 percent of rated frequency. plus or minus provided the frequency variation does not exceed Pexfomancewithin these voltage and fresuencyvariations plus or minus5 percent of rated frequency. will not neceSSarily be in accordance with the standards estab lished for operation at rated voltage and frequency. Authorized Engineering Information11-16-1972. Performance within these voltage and frequency variations will not necessarily in be accordance with the stand- 3.7.2.2 STARTING ards established for operation at rated voltage and The limiting values of voltagefresuency and u n d a which a frequency. motor will successfi~lly start and synchronize depend upon the Authorized Engineering Information 11-16-1972. margin between the locked-- and pull-in torques Of the
3 . 7 . 2 Synchronous Motors
NEMA M G * 2 89
b 4 7 0 2 4 7 0500680 7
MG 2-1989 Page 22 mom at rated voltage and fresuency and the carresponding requirements of the load under starting conditions. Since the locked-mmandpull-intorquesofa mom are approximately proporlid to the square of the voltage and inversely proportional to the square of the frequency, it is g e n d y desirable to determine what voltage and fr'aquency variation will actually occur at each installation, takingintoaccountanyvoltagedropresulting b r n the starting current drawn by the motor. This infoxmation and the torque requirements ofthedrivenmachinedetermine the values of locked-mor and pull-in torque at rated voltage and fresuency that are adequate far the application.
2. Exposure to an altitude which does not exceed 3300 feet (lo00 meters); 3. Installation on a rigid mounting surface; and 4. Installationin areas orsupplementaryenclosures which do not seriously interfere with the ventilation of the machine.
3.9 UNUSUALSERVICECONDITIONS The manufacturer should be consulted if any unusual service conditions exist which may affect the construction or operation of the machine. Among such conditions are: 1. Exposure to: Authorized Engineering Information 11-16-1972. a.Combustible,explosive,abrasive,orcon3.7.2.3 OPERATION FROM VARIABLE-FREQUENCY ducting dusts; POWER SUPPUES b. Lintorverydirtyoperatingconditions where the accumulation of dirt will interSynchronous motors to be operated from solid-state or fere with normal ventilation; other types of variable-frequency power supplies for adc. Chemical fumes, flammableorexplosive justable-speed-drive applications, may require individual gases; consideration to provide satisfactory performance. Esped. Nuclear radiation; cially for operation below rated speed, it may be necessary e. Steam, salt-laden air, or oil vapor; to reduce the motor torque load below the rated full-load f. Damp or very dry locations, radiant heat, torque to avoid overheating the mota. The motor manuvermin infestation, or atmospheres condufacturer should be consulted before selecting a motor for cive to the growth of fungus; such application. Authorized Engineering Information 11-1 6-1 972. g.Abnormal shock, vibration, or mechanical loading from external sources; and 3.7.3 Synchronous Generators h. Abnormal axial or side thrust imposed on Synchronous generators will operate successfully at rated the motor shaft. kVA, frequency, and power fztor with a variation in the 2. Operation where: output voltage up to plus or minus 5 percent of rated voltage. from rated a.Thereisexcessivedeparture Performancewithinthesevoltagevariationswillnot voltage or frequency, or both (see 3.7); necessarily be in accordance with the standards established The deviation factor of the dternating-curb. for operationat rated voltage. rent supply voltage exceeds 10 percent; Authorized Engineering Information 11-16-1972. is c.Thealtemating-currentsupplyvoltage 3.7.4 Directcurrent Motors unbalanced by more than 1 percent; and Direct-current motors will operate successfully using the d. Low noise levels are required. power supply selected for the basis of rating up to and 3. Operation at speeds above the highest ratedspeed. including 110 percentofrated directcurrent armature 4. Operation in a poorly ventilated m m , in a pit, orin is not exceeded. voltage provided the highest rated speed an inclined position. Directcurrent motors rated for operationfrom a rectifier 5. Operation where subjected to: power supply will operate successfully with a variation of a.Torsionalimpactload; plus or minus 10 percent of rated altemating-current line b. Repetitive abnormal overloads; and voltage. c. Reversing or electric braking. Performance within this voltage variation will not nec6. operation of machine at standstill with any winding essarily be in accordance with the standards established for continuously enaglzed or of short-time rated machine operation at rated voltage. For operation base below speed, with any winding continuously me&. see 3.10. 7. Operation of directcurrent machine where the averAuthorized Engineering Information 11-16-1972. age armature current isless than 50 percent of the rated full-load amperes over a M-hour period, or 3.8 USUAL SERVICE CONDITIONS continuous operation at armature current less t h a n Usual service conditions are as follows: 50 percent of rated current for more than 4 hours. 1. An ambient temperaturein the rangeof O ' C t o 40C Authorized Engineering Information 11-16-1989. or, when water cooling is used, in the range 10C of to 40C;
NEMA M G * Z
89
= 6470247 0500683 9
MG 2-1989
Page 23
3.1O SPEEDLIMITATION 3.11OPERATIONOFDIRECT-CURRENT MOTORS ON RECTIFIED ALTERNATING 3.10.1 Operation Below Rated or Base Spead CURRENT When a machine is operated below rated speed (base 3.1 1.1 General speed inthe case ofdirect-currentmotors),itmaybe necessary to reduce its loading in order to avoid overheat- When a directcurrent motor is operated fioma rectified ing.Overheatingmayresult firom reducedventilation, alternating-current supply, its performance may differ machanges in power supply characteristics, or changes in the terially from that of the same motor when operated from a characteristics of the machine. The manufacturer of the low-ripple direct-currentsource of supply, such as a gendriven or driving equipment or the manufacturer of the erator or a battery. The pulsating voltage and current wave machine, or both, should be consulted for further informa-forms may increase temperature rise and noise and adtion regarding applications where operation below or rated verselyaffectcommutationandefficiency.Becauseof these effects, it may be necessary that direct-current basespeediscontemplated.Thisfurtherinformation moshould be considered by the user, his consultants, or others tors be designed or specifically selected to operate on the most familiar with the details of particular type of rectifier to be used. the application involved Authorized Engineering Information 11-16-1989. when making the final decision. Authorized Engineering Information 11-16-1989. 3.1 1.2 Motors Builtin Frames Having a 3.10.2 Operation Above Highest Rated Speed Continuous Dripproof Rating or Equivalent Capacity, Up to and Including Series motors and directcurrent compound-wound and 1.25 Horsepowerper RPM, Open Type shunt-wound motors are subject to dangerous overspeeding under certain conditions of misoperation. Standards for these motors, as contained inP a r t s 10,11, A series motor with no load (or light load) connected to 12, and 14 of NEMA Publication MG 1, set fortha basis it w i l l increase in speed very rapidly, and the armature may of rating direct-current motors intended for use with rectifier power supplies. be thrown apart by centrifugal force. Series motors should These ratings arebased upon tests of therefore be positively connected to the driven load in a the motors usinga test power supply. manner whichw i l l not allow the motor to become disconSmall motorsare identified on the nameplate by means nected accidentally from the driven load. are identiof a rated form factor, whereas medium motors Dangerous overspeeding of a direct-current compoundfied on the nameplate by a single letter or a combination wound or shunt-wound motor may occur if the shunt field of digits and letters designating a particular typeof rectifier circuit becomes deenergized. U n l e s s the speed is inherpower supply. l l direct-current motors intended for use on rectifier ently limited by the application of the motor, these motors A should be protected against dangerous overspeed by over- power supplies may be used onlow-ripple power supplies such as a direct-current generator or battery. speed devices, fieldloss relays, or other means. In addition, Authorized Engineering Information 7-17-1968. motors identified by a rated form factor or a single identifying letter may be used a power on supply having a lower form factor or on a power supply designated or identified by a lower letter of the alphabet. For example, a motor rated on the basis of an E power supply maybe used on a C or D power supply. For operation of direct-cunentmotors on power supplies other than those used to establish the basis of rating (except as noted above), the combination of the power supply and the motor should be considered in combination with the motor manufacturer.
MG 2-1989 Page 24
the machine, operating conditions, switching times, system inertia, andso forth. Those Having a Continuous Dripproof To avoid the possibility of damaging the external equipRating, or Equivalent Capacity, of 1.25 ment (that is, shafts, couplings, gears, and so forth), the Horsepower perRPM, Open Type peak magnitude of the transient torques likely to be enStandards for these motors,as contained in Part 23 of countered should be considered in the design of the system. NEMA Publication MG 1, are based on operation from a The machine manufacturer should be consulted regarding low-ripple power supply. The power supply and series the peak magnitude of the transient air-gap torque, and this inductance (including motor q a t u r e ) selected shouldbe be considered by the manufacturer of information should such that the magnitude of the ripple current @ & t o the drivenor driving equipment, the user, his consultants, peak), expressed in percent of rated load current, does not details of the application or others most familiar with the exceed 6 percent at rated load, rated armature voltage, and involved when making the final decision. rated base speed. For operation on other power supplies, MG 1-20.85 and 21.86 of NEMA Publication MG 1 the combination of the power supply and the motor should provide basic application information relative to bus rransbe considered in consultation with the motor manufacturer. fer or reclosing. The 1.33 maximum per unit volts per Authorized Engineering Information 11-16-1989. Hertz specified in MG 1-20.85 for bus transfer or reclosing 3.1 1.4 Bearing Currents is also applicable to out-of-phase synchronizing of synWhen a directcurrent motorisoperated from some chronous generators. Authorized Engineering Information 11-1 6-1989. unfiltered rectifier power supplies, bearing currents may result. Ripple currents, transmitted by capacitive coupling 3.14TORSIONALVIBRATION between the rotor winding and the core, may flow through Overstressed shafts or couplings and other hazards can the ground path to the transformer secondary. While these result from equipment which subjects machines to excescurrents are small in magnitude, they may cause damage sive torsional vibration. Unlike lateral vibrations that can to either antifriction or sleeve bearings under certain cir- be readily sensed by touch and measured with relatively cumstances. It is recommended that the manufacturer be common instruments, torsional vibrations with considerconsulted to determine whether bearing currents may a be able amplitudes can exist and be undetectable except by problem and, if so, what measures can be taken to minispecial, relatively uncommon instruments. Since torsional mize them. vibrations are so difficult to detect and measure, it is Authorized Engineering Information 11-16-1972. particularly important that torsional stresses be considered 3.12 SHAFT LOADING when machines are to drive or be driven by equipment Hazard can be created by overstressing the motor or producing periodic torque pulses, such as reciprocating engines, chippers, hammer mills, and generator shaft by such means as misalignment of couso forth. While the factors which affect torsional vibration are plings,overtighteningbelts,and so forth, or byusing V-belt sheaves, gear pinions, or chain sprockets smaller in primarily contained in the design of the equipment external to the motor, the design of the machine rotor to which the diameter than provided for in the design of the machine. external equipment is mechanically connected should also In coupling to the motor or generator shaft, the practices be considered.Whenthemanufactureroftheexternal outlined in Part 14 ofNEMA Publication MG 1 should be equipmentmakes a torsional analysis ofthecomplete followed, or the machine manufacturer should be conassembly, the machine manufacturer shouldbe consulted sulted. Authorized Engineering Information 11-16-1989. for the rotor design data which affects torsional vibration. Authorized EngineeringInformation 11-16-1989. 3.13TRANSIENTTORQUES 3.15 TORQUEPULSATIONSDURING Machines are inherently capable of developing tranSTARTING OF SYNCHRONOUS MOTORS sient torques considerably in excess of their rated torque Whenoperatedatotherthansynchronous speed, all when exposed to any of the following conditions: salient-polesynchronousmotorsdevelopapulsating 1. Bus transfer; torque superimposed on the average torque. During start2. Out-of-phase synchronizing; ing and acceleration (with no field excitation applied), the 3. Plugging; frequency of the torque pulsationsis at any instant equal 4. Speed transfer or regenerative braking, or both, of to the per-unit slip times 2 times the line frequency. Thus, multispeed motors;or for a 60-hertz motor, the frequency of the torque pulsation 5. Externalshortcircuits. varies from 120 hertz at zero speed to zero hertz at synThe magnitude of these transient torques ranges from speed. chronous approximately 5 to 20 times rated torqueas afunction of
3.11.3 Motors Built in Frames Larger than
MG 2-1989 Page 25 Any system consisting of inertias connected by shafting conditions dictate that a grounded frame cannot beused, the installer should make sure the machine is permanently and effectively insulated from ground. In those installations where the machine fiame is insulated from ground, it is recommended that appropriate warning labels or signs quency will be transiently excited. When it is desired to investigate the magnitudes of the be placed on or in the area of the equipment by installa. the Authorized Engineering Information 11-16-1989. torques which are transiently imposed upon the shafting during starting, the instantaneous torque pulsations should3.16.3 Wiring Connections be considered in addition to the average torque. The connection ofthemachine to the power supply Authorized Eq'neering Information 11-16-1972. should be made by qualified personnel in accordance with 3.16SAFETY IN MACHINE INSTALLATIONS the diagram or other instructions furnished by the machine manufactura. Where the machine has provision use for on 3.16.1InstallationandProtection different values of voltage by alteration the connections, of A l l machinescoveredbythispublication should be care should be taken to ensure that the connections made installed and protected in accordance with the applicable are c o m a for the voltage supplied to the machine. provisions of natimal codesand soundlocal practices. If a machine having a cord and attachment plug cap is Authorized Engineering Information 11-16-1989. required to be reconnected for operation on a different 3.16.2 Grounding voltage, it is recommended that the changes be made by a The frames and other metal exteriors of machines (?xqualified electrician. Care should be taken to ensure that cept for insulated pedestal bearings) usually shouldbe the attachment plug cap is replaced with one of a type to ground in the event of grounded to limit their potential suitable for the voltage for which the machineis reconaccidental connection or contact between live electrical nectedandthat all of the instructions of the machine parts and the metal exteriors.See theNational Electrical manufacturer are followed, since improper connections Code, Article 430,part L, for information on grounding of could resultin the machine becominga shock hazard. motors; Article 445-1 for grounding of generators: and Authorized Engineering Information 9-7-1977. Article 250 for general information on grounding. In mak- 3.16.4 Flammable Materials ing the ground connection, the installer should make cerSparking of brushes on commutator or collector rings tain that there is a solid and permanent merallic connection may be expected during normal operation. In addition, between the ground point, the machine terminal housing, open-type machines may eject flame or molten metal, or and the machine frame. A common method of providing a both, in the event of an insulation failure, commutator ground is througha grounded metallic conduit system. flashover, or m-over of collector rings. Therefore, considMotors with resilient cushion rings usually are supplied eration should be given to the avoidance or protection of with a bonding conductor across the resilient member (see flammable or combustible materials in the area of open3.9). Some motorsare supplied with the bonding conductype machines. tor on the concealed side of the cushion ring to protect the Authorized Engineering Information 11-16-1989. bond from damage. Motors with bonded cushion rings 3.16.5 Rotating Parts should usually be grounded at the time of installation. When motors with bonded cushion rings are used in mulExcept for openings in machine enclosures (see 1.1..l), timotor installations employing group fusing or group the guarding of rotating parts such as couplings, pulleys, protection,thebondingofthecushionringshouldbe and unusedshaft extensions, should be in accordance with checked (see 3.9) to determine that it is adequate for the ANSIBl5.l.Thisisparticularlyimpo~twheretheparts rating of the branch circuit overcurrent protective device have surface irregularities such as keys, keyways, or set being used. screws. Some satisfactory methods of guarding a r e : There are applicationswheregroundingtheexterior 1. Covering. the machine and associated rotating parts parts of a machine may result in greater hazardby increaswith structural or decorative parts of the driven or ing the possibility of a person in the area simultaneously driving equipment. contacting ground and some other nearby live electrical 2. Providing covers for the rotating p a r t s .The openings part or other ungrounded electrical equipment. In portable in o r at the edges of such covers shouldbe not more equipment, it is difficult to be sure that a positive ground than '/2 inch wide (3/4 inch if the rotating parts are connection is maintained as the equipmentis moved, and more than 5.5 inches h m the opening) in the direcproviding a grounding conductor may lead to a false sense tion (usually above and to the side) from which of security. When carell consideration of the hazards contact is to be expected. In other directions where involved ina particular application indicates the machine other stationary parts, such as a sub-base, provide fiames should not be grounded or when unusual operating partialguarding, somewhat wider openings may be
has one o r morenaturaltorsionalfrequencies.During acceleration by a salient-polesynchronous mom, any torsional ~ t ~ rfrequency a l at or below 2 times line fre-
~~
NEMA MG*2 89
6470247 0500684
MG 2-1989 Page 26
used.Covers should be sufficiently rigid to maintain adequate guarding in normal service. NOTE: Where the torques involved are small and the rotating parts of the motor are ofsmall diameter without sharp edges, guarding is not ordinarily necessary. Such motors are usually rated '/z horsepower or less. Authorized Engineering Information 11-16-1989. 3.16.6 Maximum Speed of Drive Components The maximum speed of drive components should not exceed the values recommended by the component manufacturer or the values specified in the industry standardsto whichthecomponentmanufacturerindicatesconformance. Speeds above the maximum recommended speed may result in damage to the equipment or injury to personnel.
Authorized Engineering Information 11-1 6-1 989.
30 DEGREI
3.16.7 Lifting of Machines The lifting of machines and related equipment is a potentially hazardous operation requiring care and howledge of proper lifting techniques to assure safety of personnel and to prevent damage to the equipment. Any instructions or guidelines given by the machine manufacturer on machine labels, instruction sheets, or drawings should be followed carefully. Generally, where lifting means has been provided on the machine by the manufacturer, such lifting means (that is, eyebolts, lifting lugs, and so forth) are so located that when themachine is suspended in theintendedmanner,the resultant angleof lifting from the design lifting direction will not be greaterthan 30 degrees for machines with single lifting means or 45 degrees for machines with multiple lifting means. In all cases, care shouldbe taken to assure lifting in the direction intended in the design of the lifting means ( s e e Figures 3-1 and 3-2). With multiple lifting means, a spreader bar or a supporting sling, or both, is recommended to reduce the lifting angle or prevent damage to top mounted protective or ventilating enclosures. For unusual conditions, such as side-wall and ceiling mounting of horizontal motors and installation of vertical motors shipped in a horizontal position, special precautionsshouldbetakenandit is recommendedthat an experienced riggerbe employed. to prevent hazardous overPrecautions should be taken loads due to acceleration, deceleration, or shock foEes. Additional care shouldalso be used when lifting or handling at temperatures below0Cbecause the ductility of the lifting means is reduced. In the case of assemblies on a common base, any lifting means provided on the machine should not be used to lift the assembly and base, but rather the assembly should be lifted bya sling around the base or by other lifting means provided on the base. It is recommended that a spreader bar be used when lifting assemblies on a common base.
SINGLE LIFTING DEVICE (TYPICAL) Figure 3-1
! I
45 DEGREE MAX.
MULTIPLE LIFTING DEVICES (TYPICAL) Figure 3.2

LIFTING MACHINE ALONE
NEVA V G * Z
89
= 6470247 0500685 b
MG 2-1989
Page 27
Unless specifically allowed by the manufacturer's instruction manual o r drawings, or both, the lifting means provided for lifting a machine should not be used to lift the machine plus additional equipment such as gears, pumps, compressors, or other driven equipment. Excepfion: For machines built in 34-inch diameter'(680 m e ) and smaller, the following guide may be used. If care is taken to minimize shock loading, and a spreader bar or supporting sling (securely anchored), or both, is used to assure a lifting foEe parallel with the designed lifting direction (lifting angle zero of degrees) and equally distributed over multiple lifting points, connected loads notexceeding 100 percentofthemachineweight can normally be safely handledw i t h the machine lifting device (see Figures 3 - 3 , 3 4 and 3-5).
engagement based on steel (or equivalent)is equal to the bolt diameter after allowing for washers under theofhead the bolt and any shims under the feet.
Authorized Engineering Information11-1 7-1989.
3.16.10PowerFactorCorrection When power factor correction capacitors are used, the total corrective b a r placed on the load side of the motor controller should not exceed the q value u r i e d to raise the no-loadpower factor of themotor to unity. Corrective kvar in excess of this value may cause overexcitation resulting h high transient voltages, currents, and torques thatcan increase safety hazardsto personnel and can cause possible damage to the motoror to the driven equipment. The use of capacitors for power factor correction, switched at the motor terminals, is not recommended for Authorized Engineering Information11-16-1989. elevator motors, multi-speedmotors, motors used on plugging or jogging applications, motors subject to high speed 'his is a diameter measured in the plane of laminations of the circle bus transfer, and motors used with open transition wyeciramscribing the stator frame, excluding lugs, fms, boxes, and so forth, used solely for machine cooling.mounting, assembly, orc o n n e c t i o n . delta or auto-transformer starting. For such applications the motor manufacturer should be consulted before install3.16.8 Surface Temperatures ing powerfactorcorrectivecapacitorsswitchedatthe The surface temperature of machines varies with enclosure motor terminals. type, cooling method, insulation class, and operating condiAuthorized Engineering Information 9-7-1977. tions. Exposedsurfaces may reach temperatures which could cause discomfort or injuryto personnel accidentally coming 3.17 SAFETY IN MACHINE USE in contact with the hot surfaces For this reaSOn during 3.17.1 Loading machine installation consideration should be given to the There is no single, applicable standard for safe loading possible need to protect against xcidental contxt with hot of a machine. The principle effect of overloading a mamachine surfaces. chine is an increase in operating temperature. While it Authorized Engineering Information 11-17-1989. should be recognized that operation ata higher tempera3.16.9HoldDownBolt Sizes ture does accelerate the deterioration of the insulation, no ordinarily attainable temperature normally results in an The bolt holes in machine feet and flanges have been selected to accept bolts which will hold the machine seimmediate hazard (Cuution-see 3.5) if adequate overload curely in place. The largest bolt diameter which will fit the protective equipment is properly selected and applied. Authorized Engineering Information11-17-1989. nominal hole should be used to mount the machine. The length of the bolt should be such that the minimal thread
MG 2-1989 Page 28
*
1
I
I
SINGLE LIFTING DEVICE (TYPICAL) Figure 3-3
EQUIPMENT
MULTIPLE LIFTING DEVICES (TYPICAL) Figure 3-4

VERTICAL MACHINE
I
MULTIPLE LIFTING DEVICE (TYPICAL) Figure 3-5
HORIZONTAL MACHINES
LIFTING MACHINE HAVING ATTACHED EQUIPMENT
NEMA MGr2 8 9
= 6470247 0500687 T
MG 2-1989 Page 29
3.17.2 Automatic Reset Thermal Protectors Motors with automatic reset thermal protectors should not be used when unexpected starting of the equipment might result in injury to the operatoror malfunctioning of the equipment. Examples of such equipment are bench saws and food choppers.
3.17.3 Maintenance A well planned and executed maintenance schedule is essential to the satisfactory operationof electrical equipment. The kind and frequency of the maintenance operation will vary with the kind and size of the equipment as well as with the nature of the operating conditions. It is not possible to establisha single maintenance program to serve all classes of equipment within the scope of this publication. The user should establish a maintenance program giving due consideration tithe installation and application of the equipment as well as to the maintenance instructions and recommendations of the machine manufacturer. The following factors should be considered when formulating a maintenance program: 1. Maintenance should be performed by qualified personnel. 2. The equipment should be so located as to permit the performance of all maintenance operations without hazard to the worker. 3. Wheneverpossible,maintenanceshouldbeperformed withtheequipmentnot in operation and disconnected from the line. In particular, the alternating-current primary power s o w e for a directcurrent or altemating-current motor usedonan adjustable-voltage or adjustable-frequency electronic power supply, or with an electronic controller, should be completely disconnected from the line. All hazardous energy sources should be locked out and/or tagged if workers may be exposed to injury by reenergization. 4. Ageneral inspection of mechanical integrity, thatis, fracture, loose bolts, missing parts, and s o forth, should be made.
5. Vibration and noise should be observed. A change in the magnitude or frequency of the vibration or noise, or both, indicatesa need for attention. 6. Ventilationpassagesshouldbekeptopen.If the equipment depends upon auxiliary cooling, that is, a i r , water,oil,and so forth,perodicinspections should be made of these systems. 7. Periodic inspection or tests,or both,of the insulation system, when recommended by the machine manufacturer, should be made. 8. Brushes,sliprings,andcommutatorsshouldbe frequently inspected and serviced as required. 9. Lubrication procedures givenin the machine manufacturers instructions should be followed. 10. The means employedfor grounding the machine o r insulating the machine from ground should be checked to assure its integrity. 11. Flexible cords and connectors should be examined to determine that the cords are free from abrasion, cracks, and exposed strands and that the connectors haveunbrokenbodies s o thatlive parts are not exposed.
Authorized Engineering Information11-17-1989.
3.17.4 Repair When a machine is repaired, it is important that any replacement part be ofa quality equalto or better than that of the original part. For example, any replacement shaft should be of as high quality steel and have as good heat treatment as the shaft being replaced; insulation should be replaced by insulating materials of at least the same, or higher, temperature rating,Care should be taken to avoid the use of parts which nolonger are compatible with other changes in the machine. Also, replacement parts should be inspected for deterioration due to shelf life and for signs of rework or wear which may involve factors critical to safety. Repaired machines should conform to the provisionsof Section 1and 2 of this publication except that ifa winding is only repaired or partially repbced, the applied high-potential test voltage should be 70 percent of the specified value.
NEMA MG*2 89
6470247 0500688
NEMA STANDARDEATION
The purpose of NEMA Standards, their classification and status are set forth in certain clauses of the NEMA Stundurdizatim Policies Md Procedures manual and are referenced below:
Furposa of Standards
National Electrical Manufacturers Association Standards are ed~pted in the public interest and are designed to eliminate misunderstandings betweenthe manufacturer and the purchaser and to assist the purchaser in selecting and obtaining the proper product for their particular needs. Existence of a National Electrical Manufacturers Association Standard does not in any respect preclude any member or nonmember from manufacturing or selling products not conforming to the standard.
(StandardizationPolicies and Procedures, p . I )
Definitbn ofa Standard

A standard of the National Electrical Manufacturers Association defines a product,process or procedure with reference to one or more of the following: nomenclature, composition, construction, dimensions, tolerances, safety, operating characteristics, performance, rating, testing, and the service for which they are designed. (StandardizationPolicies and Procedures, p . 2)
Dimensbns
Where dimensions are given for interchangeability purposes, alternate dimensions satisfying the other provisions of the Standards Publication maybe capable of otherwise equivalent performance.
(StandardizationPolicies and Procedures, p . 8)
Categories of Standards
NationalElectricalManufacturersAssociationStandards are of three classes: 1. NEMA Standard, which relates to a product, process or procedure commercially standardized and subject to repetitive manufacture, which standard has been approved by at least 90 percent of the members of the Subdivision eligible to vote thereon; 2. Suggested Standard for Future Design, which may not have been regularly applied to a commercial product, but which suggests a sound engineehg approach to future development, which standard has h e n approved by at least two-thirds of the members of the Subdivision eligible to vote thereon. 3. Adoptive Standard, which is adopted in whole or in part from the standards of another organization, either domestic, regional, or international. (StandardizationPolicies and Procedures, pp 7 & 16)
Authorized Engineering Information

Authorized Engineering Information consists of explanatory data and other engineexing information of an informative character not falling within the classification of NEMA Standard or Suggested Standard for Future Design, which standard has been approved by at least two-thirds of the members of the Subdivision eligible to vote on the standard.
(StandardizationPolicies and Procedures, pp. 7 & 16)
Officiai Standards Proposal

An Official Standards Proposal is an official draft of a proposed standard which is formally recommended to an outside organization(s) for consideration, comment and/or approval, and which has been approved by at least 90percent of the members of the Subdivision eligible to vote thereon. (StandardizationPolicies and Procedures, pp 7 & 16)
ldentlfkationof Status
Standards in NEMA Standards Publications are identified in the foreword or following each standard as NEMA Standard or Suggested Standard for Future Design. These indicate the status of the standard These words are followed by a date which indicates when the standard was adopted in its present form by the Association. The material identified as Authorized Engineering Information andOfficial Standards Proposal is designated similarly. July 17, 1990
NEMA MG*Z
89
h470247 0500689 3
MOTOR AND GENERATOR SECTION OF THE NATIONAL ELECTRICAL MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION

MEMBER COMPANIES
Allen Bradley Company Milwaukee, WI 53204 Ametek, Incorporated Lamb Electric Division Kent, OH44240 Baldor Electric Company Fort Smith,AR 72902 Bodine Electric Company Chicago, I L 60618 Electra Gear Division of Regal-Beloit Anaheim, CA 92801 Electric Machinery Dresser-Rand 554 13 MiMMPOk, Emerson Electric Company U. S. Electrical Motors Division St. Louis, MO 63136
Giddings & Lewis Nexes Automation Fond du Lac,W I 549361658

Hamischfeger Corporation Milwaukee, WI 53201 Howell Electric Motors Division of SFM Corporation J 07601 Plainfield, N
Micro Mo Elecaonics, Inc. St. Petersburg, J% 33701
O n a n Corporation
Minneapolis, MN 55432 Peerless-Winsmith, Inc. Warren, OH44485 Pitman, A Divisionof Penn Engineering & Manufacturing Corp. HarIeysville,PA 19438 Reliance Electric Company Cleveland, OH 44124-8020 Rexroth Corporation Indramat Division Wood Dale, IL. 60191 Siemens Energy& Automation, Inc. Alpharem,GA 30201 Sterling Electric, Inc. Santa Ana, CA 92799-5070
Ideal Electric Company Subsidiary of Carrier Corporation Mansfield, OH 44903

The Imperial Electric Company Akron, OH44309
The Kohler Company Kohler, WI 53044

Lincoln Electric Company Cleveland, OH 44117 MagneTek, Inc. Medium AC Motor Business S t . Louis, MO 63017 MagneTek Indiana General El Paso, "X 79935 Marathon Electric Mfg. Corporation Wausau, WI 54402-8003
GE Motors Fort Wayne,I N 46801-2205

General Dynamics Electro Dynamic Avenel, NJ 07001 Gettys Corporation Racine, W I 53404
The Superior Electric Company Bristol, CT 06010
Toshiba International Corporation Houston, TX 77041

Westinghouse Motor Company Round Rock,TX 78680-0277

Nema MG 2

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NEMA MG*2 89

STANDARDS PUBLICATION No. MG2

NATIONAL ELECTRICAL MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION

2101 L STREET, N.w., WASHINGTON, D.C. 20037

COPYRIGHT National Electrical Manufacturers Association Licensed by Information Handling Services

O 1992 by National Electrical Manufacturers Association

COPYRIGHT National Electrical Manufacturers Association Licensed by Information Handling Services

REFERENCED SANDARDS AND DEFINlTIONS Enclosures

............................................ ..................................... .................................. ...............................

COPYRIGHT National Electrical Manufacturers Association Licensed by Information Handling Services

COPYRIGHT National Electrical Manufacturers Association Licensed by Information Handling Services

COPYRIGHT National Electrical Manufacturers Association Licensed by Information Handling Services

Testfor Flammability of Selj-Supporting Plastics

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Batterymarch Park Quincy, MA 02269

National Electrial Code

Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. (UL) 333 Pfingsten Road Northbrook, Il 60062

COPYRIGHT National Electrical Manufacturers Association Licensed by Information Handling Services

NEMA Standard 1 1-3-1 983.

NEMA Standard 11-16-1972.

- CONVENIENT ANY - LENGTH

PROBE Figure 1-1

PROBE Figure 1-2

COPYRIGHT National Electrical Manufacturers Association Licensed by Information Handling Services

COPYRIGHT National Electrical Manufacturers Association Licensed by Information Handling Services

NEMA MG*2 8 9 E 6470247 0500662 5 E

COPYRIGHT National Electrical Manufacturers Association Licensed by Information Handling Services

Section 2 ONSTRUCTION AND TESTS

NEMA Standard 9-7-1977.

COPYRIGHT National Electrical Manufacturers Association Licensed by Information Handling Services

COPYRIGHT National Electrical Manufacturers Association Licensed by Information Handling Services

Class of Insulation System

All enclosures except totally enclosed nonventilated: Totally enclosed nonventilated:

COPYRIGHT National Electrical Manufacturers Association Licensed by Information Handling Services

COPYRIGHT National Electrical Manufacturers Association Licensed by Information Handling Services

Table 2-2 MACHINES 11 INCHES IN DIAMETER* OR LESS

1 and smaller (2) lV2,1, and 3 5 and 7% 10 and 15

1.62 1.75 2.00 250

7.50 12.00 16.00 26.00

Table 2-3 MACHINES MORE THAN 11 INCHES IN DIAMETER*

45 70 110 160 250 400

2.5 3.3 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 8.0 10.0

26 55 100 180 330

600 1100 2000 3200

15 25 40 60 100 150 250

30 50 75 125 200 300 500 700 1000

Distance,. Inches Maximum Minimum UsableVolume, Cubic Inches Horsepower

1602300 250 400

1604000 700 1000

600 1100 2000 2000

... ... ... ...

COPYRIGHT National Electrical Manufacturers Association Licensed by Information Handling Services

Minimum Centerline Inches

Typical Horsepower Maximum

0.8 Power Factor

3200 160 2300

400 600 900 1200 250 400 600 900

... ... ... 1000 ...

800 1250 2000 3000 4500

40001250 700 1000 14 6600 260 680

UsaMeVdume, Cubic Minimum Inches -

600 1100 2000

... ... ... ...

COPYRIGHT National Electrical Manufacturers Association Licensed by Information Handling Services