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(a). Gravitational force between two bodies form an action and reaction pair,
the forces are equal in magnitude but opposite in direction.
(b). Gravitational force is a central force, i.e. it acts along the line joining the
centers of the two interacting bodies.
(d). Gravitational force between two bodies does not depend upon the
presence of other bodies.
3. Weight – Force with which a body is attracted towards the centre of the
earth. It is given as mg. It is a vector quantity.
4. Weight (mg) of a body changes from one place to another but mass of a
body does not change, provided the speed of the body is small as compared
to speed of light.
gh = g[1 + (h/R)]-2
10. Value of ‘g’ at the centre of the earth is zero. Value of g at the pole is
more then that at the equator of the earth.
13. Inertial mass is defined as ratio of the force applied to the magnitude of
the acceleration produced in the body. Inertial mass of the body = F / a.
(b). Inertial mass of the body does not change due to presence of other
bodies near it.
(c). Inertial mass of a body is independent of the shape, size and the state of
the body.
(d). Inertial mass of a body changes with the velocity of the body, provided
the velocity of the body is comparable with the velocity of light.
14. Gravitational mass of the body is defined as the ratio of the magnitude
of the gravitational force on the body due to earth to the magnitude of the
acceleration due to gravity. Gravitational mass = F / g.
16. The space around a body within which its gravitational force of
attraction is experienced by other bodies is called gravitational field.
Intensity of gravitational field at point in the gravitational field is defined as
the force experienced by a unit mass placed at that point, It is denoted by E.
E = GM / r2 = g
20. Change in gravitational P.E, when a body is moved from surface of earth
to height h is
v0 = √gR = 8 Kms-1
ve = √2v0.
(a). Law of orbits – Each planet moves around the sun in an elliptical orbit
with sun at one of the focus.
(b). Law of areas – The line joining the sun and a planet sweeps out equal
area in equal intervals of time.
F = GMm / R2
Or, M = (gR2) / G
Putting the values,