BioDeposit

Lake Energy

BioDeposit Latvia, EU

The BioDeposit Group, after 8 years of technical reseach and engineering development have created a unique range of products in the field of organic fertilizers, soil conditioners and yield enhancers. The fact is the world becoming increasingly concerned about food shortages, due to such factors as population explosion and the effects of climate change and weather patterns, he need for maximising the potential of the the land has never been greater.

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To date the agricultural world is generally faced with a choice of chemically produced fertilizers, increasing rejected by the consumer, or manure based organic varieties. There is an alternative that combines the effectiveness of the former, with the eco soundness of the second. At BioDeposit we have taken what mother nature has given us in naturally forming lake deposits and via our patented technology created a range of sapropel based products that puts back in what mankind strips out, or creates in in soil types that have low natural concentrations. We create humus - the life of soil

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The benificail properties of peat and sapropel have been known in Europe for many years, as natural resources successfully used in agriculture as fertilizing conditioners for soil structure and fertility improvement. Peat has been widely spread all over the world owing to its simple mining and processing industrialization resulting in millions tons being used annually. Meanwhile sapropel despite its advantages over peat due to its superios agrochemical characteristics, has not been widely because of the range of difficulties connected with its mining and processing. So, what is sapropel and what are its advantages over the other fertilizers?

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What is sapropel?
Sapropels are bottom sediments of fresh water lakes (lake silt) Sapropel from Greek sapros and pelos - meaning putrid and silt, mud Term sapropel was introduced in 1901 by German scientist Robert Lauterborn Then the term sapropel has been developed in scientific literature by Potoneu For the first time in 1862 to describe lake sediments Swedish scientist H. fon Post had used two terms gittia and dju Sapropel is renewable natural organic stocks accumulated at the speed of 1 mm per year. Sapropel is referred to caustobioliths

Caustobioliths
Caustobioliths are combustible natural resources (from Greek caustos combustible, bios life, litos stone). It is believed that all combustible natural resources solid, liquid and gaseous were formed from remains of vegitative or animal origin.

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Genetic classification of caustobioliths

According to USPENSKY and RADCHENKO

Group composition of raw material (% mass)

Plant type Lipids Proteins Sapropelite Alga (phytoplankton) Zooplankton Bacteria Germs Mosses Herbs Ferns, equisetums Timber species 20-30 18 28-37 50 8-10 5-10 3-5 1-2 20-40 60 50 8 Humits 15-20 5-10 10-15 2-10 30-40 50 40-50 50 10 35-40 20-30 30 10-20 22 15-20 42 0 0 0 0 Carbohydrates Lignin

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Differences in forming peats and sapropels

Peat Source material above ground marsh plants Source material: - abundant with lignin, cellulose and resinous substances - little fats Peat is formed on the surface or under water level in the areas rich with oxygen that secures aerobic conditions of decomposition During peat formation, oxidizing processes develop. In result: - hydrogen content is reduced - humus acids are formed Sapropel Source material water microorganisms Source material: - Rich with fats and proteins - Little lignin, cellulose and resin Sapropel is formed on bottoms of water bodies deep under the water layer that enables anaerobic conditions of decomposition In sapropel formation period there are reduction processes formed. In result: - hydrogen content is increased - humus acids are NOT formed

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Sapropel

Organic substance Group of substances: - bitumen/ pitch - carbonhydrates - Humic and others BAS: - vitamins - amino acids - antibiotics - Enzymes (ferments) and others.

water Water soluble organic and mineral substances

Mineral substance Macroelements: -Silicon (Si) -Calcium (Ca) -Aluminum (Al) - Ferrum (Fe) and others Microelements: - Co, Mn, Cu, B, Zn,
I, Br, Mo, V, Cr, Be, Ni, Ag, Sn, Pb, As, Ba, Sr, Ti

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Benefits of sapropel fertilizing conditioner in comparison with other organic fertilizers

I. Freshly extracted sapropel contains no weed seeds, while traditional forms of organic fertilizers such as poultry, pig and cattle dung (manure), as well as in peat usually large number of weed seeds. Each ton of fresh manure contains up to 10 thousand seeds of various weeds, that has passed through the stomach of animals and are still able to germinate. In BioDeposit products the peat is sterilized before use in temperatures exceeding 70 C, which leads to a loss of some biologically active compounds (vitamins, amino acids, ferments).

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Benefits of sapropel fertilizing conditioner in comparison with other organic fertilizers

II. Many causative agents of plant diseases are often distributed through organic fertilizers but there are no pathogenic organisms in freshly extracted sapropel. Whereas the manure, for example, may contain more than 100 hazardous to humans and animals diseases: anthrax, tuberculosis, brucellosis, paratyphoid, paratuberculosis, foot and mouth disease, salmonella, ascariasis, intestinal infections - are just some of them. Swine manure has a total microbial contamination of from 4,1 to 3,6 10-9, cryptogrammic anaerobes of from 10-2 to 10-4, coli titer ranging from 10-5 to 10-7. Sapropel, due to special treatment without check-cesspools, is completely decontaminated from pathogenic organisms. As a consequence, sapropels applied to soil, facilitate not only mobilization of its nitrogen supply, but also clean the soil of pathogenic fungi and harmful microorganisms.

Benefits of sapropel fertilizing conditioner in comparison with other organic fertilizers

III. Freshly extracted sapropel contains active microorganisms, which promote intensive plant growth. Manure used as organic fertilizer contains small amounts of microorganisms. The manure embody 109 colonies/g of various microorganisms, including pathogenic ones. The sapropel contains 1012 - 1014 microbial flora colonies/g , and at the same time completely missing pathogenic organisms. IV. Sapropel fertilizer does not have an adjustment period. Manure and other organic matter needs conducting long-term preparation (6-12 months) prior to applying to the soil. Useful substances contained in them, are being partially lost, and the rest begin to act only in 2-4 years after their application. Sapropel fertilizers made from fresh sapropel owing to its active form begin working effectively immediately after applying them to the soil.

Benefits of sapropel fertilizing conditioner in comparison with other organic fertilizers

V. Sapropel increases the resistance to nutrients leaching from the soil. During the season about 80% of organic fertilizers are washed away from the soil, therefore there is a need to add them annually in large quantities. Sapropel in the meantime has the ability to give plants the necessary nutrients gradually, over long period of time, thereby eliminating their washout. Thereby, applied to the field small quantity of sapropel fertilizer will work 8-14 years. VI. Sapropel contains natural humic complex, including humic, fulvic and amino acids. Humic acids of sapropel in contrast to peat humic acids have a higher nitrogen content (up to 7% versus 2.4% in peat humic acids) and hydrogen (up to 7% against 5,5-6%). Up to 60% of nitrogen humic acids are represented by amino acids. Sapropel humic substances have adhesive properties, thereby they bind minerals of the soil, which improves soil structure. These substances stimulate growth of plants and animals, especially the assimilation of molecular nitrogen and root growth for plants.

Benefits of sapropel fertilizing conditioner in comparison with other organic fertilizers

VII. Compared with peat, organic sapropel matter has higher content of easily hydrolyzing substances, which include hemicellulose and nitrogen compounds. Sapropel compared to other fertilizers has the highest content of nitrogen (N), facilitates its preservation and accumulation. Insufficient amount of nitrogen in the soil reduces the yield of many crops. This also slows down effective growth of plants, weakening their resistance to various diseases. Long-term nitrogen starvation leads to the hydrolysis of proteins and destruction of chlorophyll. With long-term storage (composting) of organic waste it loses up to 50% of nitrogen. In sapropel, due to the anaerobic process of sapropel formation, the total amount of nitrogen N is fully preserved, in addition, the content of soluble nitrogen - Nh4-n is higher by 10 - 15%.

Benefits of sapropel fertilizing conditioner in comparison with other organic fertilizers

VIII. Sapropel same as manure, humus and compost contains a large number of biologically active substances and a large number of minor nutrient elements. Sapropel differs with these substances being available for plants in natural form, are balanced and have high levels of organic matter humification. Mobile forms of potassium, phosphorus, and hydrolyzable nitrogen, which sapropel is rich in, are easily assimilated by plants and animals. Sapropel is rich in natural vitamins, contains carotene (provitamin A), B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B12, E, C, D, P and folic acid. Sapropel contains the largest quantity of amino acids (histidine, glutamic acid, glycine, valine, arginine, aspartic acid, alanine, serine, leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, lysine, methionine, threonine, cystine), enzymes (catalase, peroxidase, reductase, protease).Sapropel is rich in various minor nutrient elements (Co, Mn, Cu, B, Zn, I, Br, Mo, V, Cr, Be, Ni, Ag, Sn, Pb, As, Ba, Sr, Ti)

IX. Organic fertilizers applied to the soil, contribute to the accelerated formation of humus in the soil. Unlike manure, peat and compost, sapropel is 15-20 times more effective than any organic fertilizer. Specific microorganisms and enzymes, which are contained in the sapropel, are able to revive "dead ground", that is to ensure all its functions and to give it highly fertile properties by forming humus. X. Sapropel, applied to the soil, has a positive environmental impact on soil. Organic fertilizers which are not processed (manure, chemicals) do more damage to the soil, polluting it and its groundwater. Whereas sapropel fertilizers are absolutely environmentally clean. The application of sapropel to the soil also improves its structure, which in turn has a beneficial effect on the water-air regime of soil, reduces consumption of water up to 10 times (!), binds the salts of heavy metals, radionuclides, pesticide residues (or rapid decomposition of the mentioned), which allows to grow environmentally friendly products, even in degraded and contaminated soils.

Benefits of sapropel fertilizing conditioner in comparison with other organic fertilizers

Benefits of sapropel fertilizing conditioner in comparison with other organic fertilizers

Mineral fertilizers have a negative impact on human health and the soil. Mineral fertilizers in granules or solutions are absorbed only by 20-35%, the rest is being deposited in the form of nitrates in food and the soil. In turn, grown products have bad influence on a human body. Nitrates contribute to the development of cancerous tumors in the gastrointestinal tract. Long-term use of nitrates in small doses leads to an increase of a thyroid. Nitrates contribute to the increase in cholesterol and reduce the protein in the blood of humans and animals. Sapropel due to its biological properties is absorbed by plants almost by 100%, while the nitrate content in products is minimized. Sapropel using decrease the cost of the agriculture products and enrich its quality comparison the using mineral fertilizers.

Fertilizing conditioner based on sapropel:

Free of added hormones; Free of GMO; Free of radionuclide; Free of pesticides; Free of pathogenic nematodes; Free of weed seeds; Free of chemicals; Free of heavy metal; Free of urban solid and liquid wastes; Free of garbage and industrial factory wastes; Free of preservatives

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Functions of Fertilizing conditional based on sapropel :

restores soil fertility; creates soil humus (!) improves soil structure

prevents of soil humus erosion; increases cropping capacity by 4060%;

fungi help increase the accumulation of Humic Acid rich of organic matter that is resistant to degradation and may stay in the soil for hundred of years;

eliminates the growth of pathogenic nematodes;

increases vitamin content in vegetables, fructose content in fruit; neutralizes possible excessive concentrations of radionuclides, heavy metals, pesticides and chemical fertilizer salts in the soil; reduce yield ripening time;

increases soil moisture content by 4-5 time;

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Production technology of BioDeposit sapropel based fertilizing conditioner

By using our patented method the silt with moisture of 90-97% is pumped from the lake bed through the floating pipeline to the closed bunker on the lakeside.

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Production Technology of sapropel based fertilizing conditioner BioDeposit Agro

From the storage tank crude dosed sapropel is fed into the processing plant from where it it is mixed with the peat, previously cut, dried and sterilized. Within the mixer the particles of crude sapropel mix with dry peat particles resulting in the formation of peat and sapropel granules with the redistribution of moisture to the dry particles of peat. This method of production results in a product that has low humidity in the range of 60 70% and the necessary flowability. By using our unique patented technology, the sapropel flows from deposits to the production line in closed process (with no air contact) and by ensuring sapropel is not exposed to either heat or chemical treatment, the finished product BioDeposit Agro preserves natural activity of sapropel and its purity. The following table gives the distinctive features of BioDeposit technology compared to conventional production technology of sapropel fertilizers.

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with a regular technology of sapropel fertilizers production (measures are shown for the plant productivity of 1 000 000 ready product ton per year) Regular technology 92 97 % 300 400 % 60 70 % Ground ponds (4.000m 1.000m 1m) Freezing in ponds during the winter time In ponds during the warm season 10 14 months yes Up to 25% 4.000.0005.000.000 ton 0 yes BioDeposit technology 92 97 % 92 97 % 60 70 % Closed tank (100m 50m 1m) Mixing with dry peat in mixer no 10 15 min. no 0%

Comparison of BioDeposit production technology

Individual features of a technology 1 Sapropel humidity in deposit 2 Mined (raw) sapropel humidity 3 Ready product humidity Raw sapropel storage place and its dimensions (L 4 W H) 5 Humidity reduction principle 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Sapropel drying Time period between raw sapropel mined and ready product dispatch Sapropel pollution with weed seeds Loss of nitrogen, amino acids, vitamins and ferments in ready product Consumption of sapropel of natural humidity Adsorbent (peat) consumption Production dependence on the weather conditions

500.000 700.000 ton 300.000 500.000 ton no

13 Seasonality of plant operation 14 Quality of the ready product 15 Technology influence to the environment

Operates 68 months a year Operates 12 months a with a break to winter period year Not for export Export quality Negative Positive

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The history of sapropel usage

In Russia in 1919 Russian Academy of Science established a Sapropel Committee. The functions of the Committee were studying the nature and composition of sapropel, science programme developing, experimental station organization in most typical deposit places of sapropel in Russia. Systematic operations were started after sapropel experimental station establishment in 1920 and sapropel genesis laboratories in the Institute of combustible natural resources of USSR Academy of Science in 1931. It had fulfill huge scientific investigations for using sapropel in agriculture during existence of Sapropel Committee (1919-1932) The modern investigations of the sapropelic products had approval for all benefits and priorities for using sapropel in agriculture, including investigations reports from Academy of science of Russia, Ukraine, Lithuania, Belorussia and Latvia. Below we had show some last investigations results doing with our sapropelic product BioDeposit Agro, using as soil conditioner.

Results with Celery crop from Saudi Arabia

Results with Celery crop: A: TADCO Soil + NPK B: 1:9 BioDeposit mix with TADCO soil + NPK C: 1:7 BioDeposit mix with TADCO soil + NPK

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BioDeposit Agro test results on Sorghum Plants in Saudi Arabia by TADCO company

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Results with Guava trees from Dubai

Using AridGrow Soil Conditioner, H=70cm

Using BioDeposit Agro H=120cm

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Results with Tomato from Jordan

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Results with Cucumber from Jordan

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THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!

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