NGHIN CU THIT K VA LP RP THIT B| O NHIT CH TH| S

A study on designing and assembling a digital tempeture measuring equipment

Phan Vn Thng
1
Summary
Automation and automatic control on PLC and computers are applied widely in many
processes of agricultural production such as in seed production, seed-storage, post-harvesting
processing of agro-products, and animal production. Therefore, a digital temperature
measuring equipment (CTS-2) was studied, designed and assembled based on the principle of
converting analog signals into digital ones and the results were displayed by a seven-display
segment. It was a small equipment which had the ability for measuring temperature in research
and production installations.
Keywords: Analog, digital, computer, signal, amplifier

1. t vn
1
Cng vi s tin b ca khoa hc v cng ngh, cc thit b in t , ang v s tip
tc c ng dng ngy cng rng ri v mang li hiu qu cao trong hu ht cc lnh vc
kinh t, k thut cng nh i sng x hi.
o lng l mt trong nhng lnh vc p dng nhng thnh tu ca khoa hc k thut
hin i t c nhiu thnh cng. K thut o lng khi c p dng k thut in t s
nhm chuyn i cc i lng cn o dng tng t thnh i lng o dng s gp phn
nng chnh xc ca php o, tin cy cao, kch thc c thu nh thun tin cho ngi
s dng, tiu tn nng lng tit kim hn.
Trong nng nghip, nhit , m l nhng yu t quan trng i vi cc giai on
sinh trng, pht trin ca cy trng cng nh thu hoch v bo qun nng sn. Cc thit b o
nhit , m khng ch s dng trong nng nghip m cn c s dng rng ri trong cc
lnh vc khc nh: cng nghip nhit luyn, k thut lm mt v iu ho khng kh, trong y
hc...
Trong thi gian va qua, chng ti tin hnh nghin cu, thit k v lp rp thnh
cng mt s thit b o nhit ch th s, trong c thit b o CTS-2.

2. Phng php nghin cu
2.1. Tnh ton thit k v la chn cc linh kin, s
Vic thit k, tnh ton cc thng s ca linh kin v lp rp thit b c da trn cc ti liu
tham kho c cng b (Ng Din tp, 1997; Hunh c Thng, 1994; ng Vn Chuyt,
1998; Thanh Hi, 2002). T cc tnh ton thng s, la chn cc s , chng ti a ra s
lp rp thit b o nhit ch th s CTS-2.
2.2. Tnh ton sai s ca thit b

1
Khoa C in, trng HNNI

Thit b o CTS-2 sau khi lp rp hon chnh c kho nghim v so snh vi cc thit b
mu hin c. to ra ch nhit theo chiu tng v gim trong khong t 0
0
C - 65
0
C, chng ti
s dng nc lm ngun nhit thay i nhit khi kho nghim. Sau khi c cc s liu kho
nghim, vic tnh ton sai s ca thit b CTS-2 so vi cc thit b mu c x l bng phng
php xc sut thng k (L Vn Doanh, 2001; Phm Thng Hn, 1996) c s dng chng trnh
Microsoft Excel.
- Gi tr trung bnh ca thit b mu v CTS-2 xc nh theo cng thc:

= =
= =
n
k
k
n
k
k
y
n
y x
n
x
1 1
1
;
1

- Xc nh phng sai:

=
= =
n
k
n
k
k y k x
y y
n
x x
n
1 1
2 2 2 2 2 2
1
;
1

- Xc nh sai s ca thit b o:
y x
y x y x
R
.
.
=

3. Ni dung nghin cu
3.1. S khi ca thit b o nhit ch th s
Thit b o nhit ch th s CTS-2 c lp rp da vo s khi nh sau:


Ngun nui


To ngun m




Cm bin Khuch i ADC Hin th


Hnh 1. S khi thit b o nhit ch th s CTS - 2

3.2. Cc khi chc nng ca thit b o nhit ch th s CTS-2
3.2.1. Cm bin nhit
Cm bin nht m chng ti la chn l vi mch cm bin LM 335. y l vi mch c 3
chn, c s dng rng ri trong cc thit b o nhit , m... Vi mch LM 335 c n nh
v tnh chnh xc cao, tc phn ng vi tn hiu vo nhanh. Tuy nhin n cng cn hn ch di
o.
3.2.2. B ngun mt chiu chuyn i t in p xoay chiu

thit b ny c s dng IC to ngun m, cho nn thit b ch s dng ngun mt chiu n
cc, v vy b ngun chng ti s dng l b ngun thng thng.
3.2.3. Mch to ngun m
Trong thit b c mch khuch i v mch chuyn i ADC cn dng in p i xng, m
b ngun li cp in p mt chiu +9V. Do , chng ti dng mch to ngun m t ngun mt
chiu +9V. Mch to ngun m s dng vi mch tch hp loi CMOS 4049.
thit b c khi lng v kch thc nh, gn, th thit b phi c cp ngun t pin. Vic
dng ngun pin cng to iu kin cho vic s dng thit b o nhng ni cha c in li. T
cu trc v chc nng ca 4049 kt hp vi ICL 7107 ta c mch to in p m t in p dng.
3.2.4. Mch khuch i tn hiu
Tn hiu t cm bin nhit trc khi a vo b chuyn i tn hiu ADC c a qua b
khuch i tn hiu. Chng ti s dng vi mch khuch i thut ton (KTT) 741 lp rp b
khuch i tn hiu.
3.2.5. Mch chuyn i AD
Trong ti nghin cu ny chng ti s dng vi mch ICL 7107 cho b chuyn i ADC. Vi
mch ICL 7107 l mt mch tch hp chuyn i tn hiu t dng tng t sang dng s c kt
hp vi b gii m hin th bng LED 7 thanh.
y l mt vi mch chuyn i AD v gii m hin th s lm vic rt n nh v chnh xc.
Vi mch c di in p u vo bin i t 0 - 20 V, nh cu phn p c mc chuyn i tuyn tnh
ton phn. Vic chn vi mch ICL 7107 lm b chuyn i AD v hin th s o nhit bng
LED 7 thanh l rt ph hp.
3.3. Lp rp thit b o nhit ch th s CTS 2
Sau khi thit k xong cc s mch ca b cm bin, b khuch i tn hiu, s mch ch
th LED 7 thanh, chng ti tin hnh lp rp thit b o nhit . Thit b o nhit ch th s CTS-
2 c lp rp theo s cho trn hnh 2.
Thng s k thut ca thit b o nhit CTS-2:
M hiu CTS-2 ;
Gii hn o 0 - 50
0
C ;
Ngun 220 V AC ; 9V DC
Kch thc 160 x 60 x 25 mm
Trng lng 0,21 kg
3.4. Th nghim thit b o CTS-2
kim tra mc chnh xc ca thit b o nhit CTS-2, chng ti tin hnh ly cc ch s
o ca thit b so vi ch s ca nhit k ch th s Checktemp 1 v nhit k thu ngn theo chiu
tng v chiu gim. Khong cch mi ln o l 30 giy, ly ng thi ch s ca CTS-2 v ch s ca
cc nhit k. Kt qu c trnh by bng 1.
Cc kt qu th nghim cho thy trong khong t 0 n 50
0
C, s hin th nhit ca thit b
CTS-2 cng c chnh xc tng t nh cc dng c o nhit khc. Khi nhit ln hn 50
0
C,
bt u c s sai khc gia CTS-2 v cc nhit k khc.


741
ICL 7107
LA 7805
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
741
1
2
3
4
8
7
6
5
1
2
3
4
8
7
6
5
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
4
0
4
9
3 1
2
LM335
3 2
1
10K 10K 10K
10K
220
100K 100K
100K
100K
10K
47K
1K
100K
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
470K
0 . 0 1 F
0.1F
100 pF
0 . 0 4 7 F
0 . 2 2 F
1 0 F
100F
+5V
-3,3V
LED
1
2
3
LED
J
1
J
1
1
3
2
LED
9V
CT 1
3 3 0 x 2
Hnh 2. S lp rp thit b o nhit ch th s CTS - 2


Bng 1. Ch s nhit ca thit b CTS - 2, nhit k Checktemp 1
v nhit k thu ngn theo chiu tng nhit
Thit b Thit b CTS-2 Nhit k thu ngn Nhit k Checktemp-1
Ln o Tng Gim Tng Gim Tng Gim
1 0,6 56,7 0,05 60,5 0,5 61
2 3,2 55,5 2,8 58 2,9 58,4
3 8,2 54,5 8,1 56 7,9 56,6
4 12,3 53,2 12,2 54 11,9 54,4
5 17 52,3 16,8 52,2 16,9 52,7
6 20,9 47,3 20,7 47,4 20,6 47,2
7 23 40,6 22,9 40,3 22,9 40,4
8 28,5 35,2 28,2 35,4 28,4 35,3
9 33,6 32 33,4 32,2 33,5 32,1
10 38,1 29,9 38,1 30,2 38,2 30,1
11 45,3 27,5 45 27,7 45,3 27,8
12 50,2 23,6 50 23,7 50,3 23,5
13 52,3 20,1 54,5 20,7 55,5 20
14 53,8 15,5 57 15,6 58 15,2
15 54,9 11,6 59 11,5 59,8 11,2
16 56,8 6,7 61,1 6,5 62,2 6,4

4. Kt lun
Thit b o nhit ch th s CTS-2 c nghin cu v lp rp thnh cng. Thit b c
kch thc nh, gn, s dng c ngun xoay chiu v ngun mt chiu.
Qua th nghim cho thy, thit b m bo c gi tr o nhit chnh xc cao trong
khong nhit t 0
0
C n 50
0
C. Thit b c th c ch to hng lot, phc v cho cng tc o
lng nhit trong cc lnh vc bo qun, ch bin nng sn, trong cc phng th nghim, phng
nui cy m, trong sn xut v chn nui...

Ti liu tham kho
ng Vn Chuyt (1998), K thut in t s, Nxb Gio dc, H Ni, tr. 22-35.
L Vn Doanh, Phm Thng Hn, Nguyn Vn Ho, V Thch Sn, o Vn Tn (2001), Cc b
cm bin trong k thut o lng v iu khin, Nxb Khoa hc v k thut, H Ni, 503 tr.
Phm Thng Hn, Nguyn Trng Qu, Nguyn Vn Ha (1996), K thut o lng cc i lng vt
l (2 tp), Nxb Gio dc, H Ni, tr. 6-120.
Thanh Hi, Trng Trng Tun (2002), K thut in t s, Nxb Thanh nin, H Ni, 429 tr.
Hunh c Thng (1994), Cm nang thc hnh vi mch tuyn tnh, Nxb Khoa hc v k thut, H Ni,
tr. 6-15; 56-59.
Ng Din Tp (1997), o lng v iu khin bng my tnh, Nxb Khoa hc v k thut, H Ni, 363 tr.