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No gelo seco (dixido de carbono, CO2, no estado slido) o estado slido explicado por:
A - Foras de Van der Waals entre as molculas fortemente polares do dixido carbono;
B - Pontes de hidrognio entre as molculas fortemente polares do dixido de carbono;
C - Foras de Van der Waals entre as molculas fortemente polares da gua;
D - Foras de Van der Waals entre as molculas apolares do dixido de carbono.
Escolhe a alternativa correcta.
2.
3.
Uma substncia polar colocada entre duas placas paralelas, submetidas a um campo
elctrico, como mostra a figura. Indica com se orientam as respectivas molculas.
4.
covalente apolar.
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4.2.
inica.
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4.3.
covalente polar.
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5.
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6.
CH4 ;
HBr ;
NH3 ;
H2S ;
HF.
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7.
7.1.
Composto
Ponto de ebulio ( C )
HF
19,4
HCl
83,7
HBr
67
Hl
35,5
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7.2.
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3
8.
9.
temperatura ambiente.
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10.
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10.2. Escreve os esquemas qumicos que traduzem as transformaes de cada um dos tomos
X e Y, nos respectivos ies.
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10.3. Os tomos do elemento X podem ligar-se entre si. Indica, justificando o tipo de ligao
que se estabelece entre esses tomos.
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11.
Tanto os cristais metlicos como os cristais covalentes so constitudos por tomos. Indica
uma propriedade que distinga um dos outros.
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12.
Faz corresponder a cada uma das substncias, indicadas um dos algarismos, de modo a indicar
o tipo de ligao qumica nessas substncias.
A O2
B C (diamante)
C H2S
D N2
E CaCl2
F Na
G Br2
7 inica
H CO2
8 metlica
13.
Os slidos moleculares passam ao estado gasosos a temperaturas muito baixas, enquanto que
os slidos covalentes, inicos e metais existem, no estado slido, mesmo temperatura
ambiente. Porqu?
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14.
Completa as frases:
A - Entre as molculas da gua, no estado slido, estabelecem-se ligaes de
______________________;
essas
ligaes
so
mais
fortes
do
que
as
de
______________________.
B - A ligao____________________ formam-se pela transferncia de________________
do elemento menos_______________________ para o mais electronegativo.
C - Os compostos inicos so___________________ condutores da corrente elctrica no
estado ____________________, mas so _________________ condutores da corrente
elctrica
quando_______________________
ou
quando
em
_______________________________.
D - Nos cristais covalentes no h ies ou _______________________ livres, pelo que
conduzem a _________________________, nem mesmo quando fundidos, pois a
ruptura das ______________________ no conduz formao de partculas
____________________.
15.
15.3. Por que ser que o cloreto de sdio, no estado slido, no conduz a corrente elctrica?
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7
2 Grafite
tomo
est
ligado
quatro
tomos
formando
uma
rede
cristalina
tridimensional.____
D - As foras entre os tomos da mesma camada so fortes, enquanto que as foras entre os
tomos de camadas diferentes so fracas.____
17.
Uma das teorias que explica a estrutura dos metais diz que eles so constitudos por um
arranjo de ies positivos, entre os quais se deslocam electres livres.
17.1.
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17.2.
Sendo a ligao metlica uma ligao forte, como se explica a maleabilidade dos
metais?
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Bom trabalho!