DESIGNING?

DEFINITION THE DESIGNERS OBJECTIVES WHY DESIGNING IS DIFFICULT?

WHAT IS

WHAT IS

DESIGNING?

Definitions Definitions

Finding the right physical components of a physical structure(Alexander,1963) A goal-directed problem solving activity (Archer,1965) Decision making, in the face of uncertainty, with high penalties for error (Asimov, 1965) Simulating what we want to make (or do) before we make (or do) it as many times as may be necessary to feel confident in the final result (Booker,1964)

Definitions

The conditioning factor for those parts of the product which come into contact with people (Farr,1966) Engineering design is the use of scientific principles, technical information and imagination in the definition of a mechanical structure, machine or system to perform pre-specified functions with maximum economy and efficiency (Fielden,1963) Relating product with situation to give satisfaction (Gregory, 1966) The performing of a very complicated act of faith (Jones,1966)

The optimum solution to the sum of the true needs of a particular set of circumstances (Matchett, 1968) The imaginative jump from present facts to future posibilities (Page, 1966) A creative activity - it involves bringing into being something new and useful that has not existed previously ( reswick)

Surprise about these quotations is that. They differ so much Nobody mentioned drawing. Designing is the same under all circumstances. The effect of designing is to initiate change in man-made things

What not?

Not beautification Not ornamentation Involves : needs, comfort and function Its a PRODUCT*

*it has predefined process; predicted and drawn documents; division of work and it can be evaluated even before building it!

 Traditionally to produce

drawings New definition- the initiation of change in man-made things The designers must predict the ultimate effects of their proposed design

THE DESIGNERS

The objective of designing become less concerned with the product

itself and more with the changes that manufacturers, distributors, users and society as a whole, are expected to make in order to adapt to, and to benefit from, the new design

Bringing the change------is a series of events which starts with the

supply of materials and components to the producer and ends with the evolutionary effects upon society

Each of these events is dependent upon the one before it. neither the
sponsors of the design nor the its designers play a direct part in product life history. Their control ceases before the production process starts.

Sponsors instructions
Matls. Spec.
sponso r supplier s

design. Spec.
producers

distribution Spec.
distributor s

sales performance Spec. Spec.

purchasers user s

system evolutionary Spec. Spec.

System operators society

proposals
Designers models of future behavior of the above designer

Designers predictions of the outputs from each stage of the process

Products Buildings Markets

institutions Processes

Capital goods Urban areas

Laws

To initiate change in man made things

opinions Communicati on system

Festivities Transportations Public services

Is designing difficult?

The fundamental problem is that designers are obliged to use current

information to predict a future state that will not come about unless their predictions are correct.

The final outcome has to be assumed before the means of achieving it can
be explored

Have to work backward in time from an assumed effect. With the change of the pattern of original problem the objective of designer
may drastically changed and will have to start from the beginning.

Science, Art or Mathematics?

Science, Art or Mathematics?

Should not be confused with art, with science or with mathematics It is a hybrid activity of all the three. The main point of difference is the timing. Both artists and scientists operate on physical world as it exists in present
(whether it is real or symbolic), while mathematicians operate on abstract relationships that are independent of historical time.

Designers, are forever bound to treat as real that which exists only in an

imagined future and have to specify ways in which the foreseen thing can be made to exist.