THEOLOGY

Historical Theology
The study of the historical development of
doctrine as recorded in the writings of
individuals and church councils.
DEFINITION
Theology comes from the two greek words: theos () meaning God and
logos () meaning words or speech - and thus means a discourse or
speech on the topic of God. A more technical definition would be,
The discovery, systematizing and presenting of truth about God.
Systematic Theology
The study of truth about God from any and
every source presented in a systematic way
and organized by crucial topics that have
risen to importance throughout history.
Biblical Theology
The study of truth about God found in
scripture and organized by the topics
emphasized by biblical authors.
THEOLOGY PROPER
God the Father
CHRISTOLOGY
God the Son
PNEUMATOLOGY
God the Holy Spirit
PROLEGOMENA
Preliminaries
BIBLIOLOGY
Scripture
ANGELOLOGY
Angels & Satan
ANTHROPOLOGY
Man
HAMARTIOLOGY
Sin
SOTERIOLOGY
Salvation
ECCLESIOLOGY
Church
ESCHATOLOGY
Last Things
PROLEGOMENA
NECESSITY
of Theology
Theology is needed
in order to
DEFEND Christianity
POSSIBILITY
of Theology
PRESUPPOSITIONS
of Theology
Theology is needed
in order to
DEFINE Christianity
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
EXEGESIS & THEOLOGY
EXEGESIS
Analyzes
Interprets
Focus on
the Text
THEOLOGY
Correlates
Interrelates
Focus on all
Truth
The REVELATION of God
General Revelation
(NatureHistoryMan)
The NATURE of Man
Created in the Image of God
(Genesis 1:26-27)
Man is RATIONAL
Man is RELATIONAL
Man is SPIRITUAL
Language is ADEQUATE
The BIBLE is TRUE
Special Revelation
(JesusScripture)
The BIBLE is UNDERSTANDABLE
Language is Adequate
(not Exhaustive)
The BIBLE must be INTERPRETED
PlainLiteral Interpretation
(Authorial Intention)
The BIBLE is AUTHORITATIVE
Scripture is True
Truth Impacts Life
Bibliology
The Doctrine of Scripture
General Revelation
(to all people everywhere)
For what can be known about God is
plain to them, because God has shown
it to them. For his invisible attributes,
namely, his eternal power and divine
nature, have been clearly perceived,
ever since the creation of the world, in
the things that have been made. So
they are without excuse.
Romans 1:19-20
Means of General Revelation
Nature (Ps 19:1-6; Rm. 1:18-20)
History (Acts 17:22-31, esp. 26)
Mankind (Gen 1:26-27)
Conscience (Rm 2:1-8)
Purpose of General Revelation
Existence of God (Rm 1:20; Ac 14:17)
Grandeur of God (Rm 1:20)
Accountability (Rm 1:20; 2:1)
Not Salvific (Rm 10:13-15)
All Scripture is inspired by God and
profitable for teaching, for reproof, for
correction, for training in righteousness;
so that the man of God may be adequate,
equipped for every good work.
2 Timothy 3:16
The Extent of Scripture
Entire OT (Lk 24:45; Jn 10:35)
Parts of NT (1 Tim 5:18=Lk 10:7)
Writings of Paul (2 Pet 3:16)
The Character of Scripture
p - God breathed
- Profitable
The Benefit of Scripture
BELIEFS
Teaching Correction
BEHAVIOR
Training Reproof
INTER-DEPENDENT
INTERPRETATION
Do your best to present yourself to
God as one approved, a workman
who does not need to be ashamed
and who correctly handles the
word of truth.
2 Timothy 2:15
Literal
(Normal Sense)
Literary
(Recognize Genre)
Historical
(Time & Culture)
Grammatical
(Grammar & Syntax)
Authorial Intent
(Seeks to find the intent
of the original author
to his original audience)
Applicational
(Apply for Life-change)
Illumination
(HS enablement of our response)
For no prophecy was ever produced by the will of
man, but men spoke from God as they were
carried along by the Holy Spirit.
2 Peter 1:21
No Human Origin
not by the will of man
Divine Origin
by the Holy Spirit
Divine Control
- carried along
{like the wind moves a boat (Acts 27:15)}
Personal Character
Moses writes as a statesman
OT Prophets have different characteristics
Matthew (tax collector) talks more about money
Luke (Pauls co-worker) supports Paul
Paul writes as a trained rhetorician
John (fisherman) writes simply
James (pastor) writes pastorally
In the past God spoke to our
forefathers through the prophets at
many times and in various ways,
but in these last days he has spoken to
us by his Son, whom he appointed heir
of all things, and through whom he
made the universe.
Hebrews 1:1-2
Means of Special Revelation
History (Micah 6:5)
Theophanies (Gen 12:7)
Angels (Lk 2:10,13)
Dreams (Gn 40-50; Joel 2:28)
Casting Lots (Ac 1:23-26)
Prophets (Jer. 1:2; et al)
Jesus Christ (Heb 1:1-4)
Scripture (2 Tim. 3:16-17)
Purpose of Special Revelation
Plan of God (Gen 1:26-27; 2:15)
Relationship w/ God (Rm 10:13-15)
Responsibility (Gen 3:8-19)
Definition of Inspiration
Gods superintending of human authors
so that using their own personalities
they composed and recorded Gods revelation to man
without error in the words of the original manuscripts.
THE SOURCE
GOD
THE MEANS
MAN
THE INSPIRATION OF SCRIPTURE
Theories of Inspiration
Natural - they were geniuses
Mystical - they were spiritual
Partial - some is, some is not
Concept - concepts not words
Verbal Plenary - The full text (plenary) of scripture including the words (verbal)
Special Revelation
(to Gods people particularly)
CANONICITY
66 Books
39 in OT & 27 in NT
NT Affirms OT
(John 11:51)
Paul Affirms Luke
(1 Tim. 5:18=Luke 10:7)
Peter Affirms Paul
(2 Peter 3:16)
Church Fathers Affirm NT
(Athanasius 367)
Councils Officially Affirm NT
(Carthage 397, Hippo 419)
Tests of Canonicity
*Inspiration
Apostolic/Prophetic Origin
Doctrinal Soundness
Early Church Acceptance
Inspiration
I
llu
m
in
a
tio
n
I
n
t
e
r
p
r
e
t
a
t
i
o
n
Neo-orthodox - an encounter
Mechanical - God dictated
Theology Proper
The Doctrine of God the Father
The Existence of God
While the Bible assumes Gods
existence (Gen 1:1) there is a good
reason to believe that God exists even
if His existence cannot be proven.
Cosmological Argument
Every event has a cause.
The universe & first life
had a beginning.
The universe and first life
have a cause = God.
Teleological Argument
Design implies a designer.
The universe & life have design.
The universe & life have a designer.
Moral Argument
Moral law implies a lawgiver.
There is a universal moral law.
There must be a moral lawgiver.
THE TRINITY
One God in Three Persons
May the grace of the Lord Jesus
Christ and the love of God, and
the fellowship of the Holy Spirit
be with you all.
2 Corinthians 13:14 (NIV)
Definition
Within the Godhead there are three
distinct individual persons
(Father, Son, Holy Spirit)
united in one essence.
Evidence of One Unique God
(Deuteronomy 6:4)
Evidence of Three Persons
(Ephesians 1:3-14)
The Father is God
(1 Co 8:6; Jn 6:27; 1 Pt 1:2)
The Son is God
(Hb 1:8; Rm 9:5; Jn 8:58; 20:28)
The Holy Spirit is God
(Acts 5:3-4)
Holy () - Pure
(Hab 1:13; 1 Pet 1:14-16)
Just
(Ps 19:9; 89:14; Ac 17:30-31; Rm 2:6-8)
True
(Nm 23:19; Jn 1:14; 14:6; Rm 3:4; Ti 1:2)
Gracious
(Ex 34:5-7; Ep 1:5-8; 2:8-9; Ti 2:11; 3:4-7)
Merciful
(2 Sm 24:14; Ps 103:1-5; Rm 9:15-16;
11:30-32; Ti 3:4-7)
Love
(Jn 3:16; 1 Jn 3:16; 4:8; Rm 5:8)
Hidden/Playful
(Dt 4:29; Ps 24:6; 119:2; Pro 8:17;
Ecc 3:9-15 Is 55:6; Jer 29:13)
Wise
(Jn 3:16; 1 Jn 3:16; 4:8; Rm 5:8)
Creation
(Gn 1:1-2:3; Jn 1:1-3; Job 38-39)
Providence
(Acts 14:17; 17:26-28; Mt 5:44-45)
Election
(Ep 1:4-5; 1 Pt 1:1-2; 1 Co 1:26-29; Rm 9)
Redemption
(Gen 3:21; Eph 2:1-10; Rom 3:21-26)
Judgment
(Jn 3:18-19; Rv 20:10-15; 2 Pt 3:10)
The Names of God
Primary Names of God
God (Elohim) - : Creator (Gen 1:1) God (Theos) - : Initiator (John 1:1)
YHWH - : I AM (Ex 6:1-4) Adonai - : Master (Josh 5:13-15)
Lord (Kurios) - : The Life Giver (Romans 10:9-13)
Compound Names of God
El Shadai - : Almighty (Gen 17:1) El Elyon - : Most High (Gen 14:19)
El Olam - : Everlasting (Gen 21:33) El Roi - : God who sees (Gen 16:13)
GOODNESS
(Communicable)
The Attributes of God
Theodicy
God & Evil
The Issue Stated
If God is all good and all powerful
He would stop all evil.
Metaphysical Answer
God is not responsible for evil because
it is not a thing it is the lack of a thing.
Moral Answer
God gave mankind freedom and man
introduced evil into the world.
Teleological Answer
This is not the best of all possible
worlds but it is the best way to the best
of all possible worlds. God is working
out all things for His Glory
and our good.
Pastoral Answer
Ultimately God will set all things right.
In the meantime, God uses pain in our
lives to speak more clearly to us. This
has been His pattern since the garden of
Eden using the consequences of sin to
display His grace.
The Works of God
Sovereignty
(Jb 42:2; Ps 115:3; Rm 9:16-21; Ep 1:11)
Infinity - Limitless
(1 Kg 8:27; Jb 11:7-9; Ps 147:5; Rm 11:33)
Aseity - Self-Existent
(Gn 1:1; Jn 1:2; Rv 1:8)
Immutability - Unchanging
(Mal 3:6; Heb 6:17-18; Jam 1:17)
Eternality - Timeless
(Ps 90:2; Is 57:15; Jn 17:5; Col 1:17; Jd 25)
Omnipotence
(Gn 18:14; Ps 115:3; Mt 19:26; Eph 1:19)
Omnipresence
(Ps 139:7-12; Jer 23:23-24; Ac 17:27-28)
Omniscience
(Ps 33:13-15; 139:1-6; Mt 6:8; 10:29-30;
Ac 2:23; Rm 11:33; Hb 4:13)
Holy () - Unique
(Lev 11:44; Ps 99:9; Is 6:3-7)
GREATNESS
(Incommunicable)
The LORD passed before him and proclaimed, The LORD, the LORD, a God
merciful and gracious, slow to anger, and abounding in steadfast love and faithful-
ness, keeping steadfast love for thousands, forgiving iniquity and transgression and
sin, but who will by no means clear the guilty, visiting the iniquity of the fathers on
the children and the children's children, to the third and the fourth generation. And
Moses quickly bowed his head toward the earth and worshiped. Exodus 34:6-8 (ESV)
Christology
The Doctrine of God the Son
Pre-Existence
(Eternality)
The Deity of Christ
(Jesus is God)
Incarnation
(Jesus is Man)
The Ministry of Christ
(Jesus is Sufficient)
Logical Implications
from the Trinity
1. God is eternal
(Ps. 92:2; Jude 25).
2. Jesus is God (cf. Deity)
3. Jesus is eternal
Pre-Incarnate Work
1. Creation
(Jn. 1:3; Co. 1:16; He 1:2).
2. Sustainer (Co. 1:17)
3. Angel of the LORD
(AoL is God - Ge. 16:3)
(AoL distinct from God
- Ge. 24:7)
Scriptural Support
1. Micah 5:2 - Messiah is
from of old.
2. Isa. 9:6 - Messiah is
eternal Father.
3. John 1:1-14 - The Word
was in the beginning.
4. John 8:56-58 - Jesus
was before Abraham.
5. John 17:5 - Jesus had
glory before the world
began.
6. Phil. 2:6-7 - He existed
in the form of God.
7. Col. 1:17 - He was
before all things.
Attributes of Deity
1. Love - 1 John 4:8; John 15:13
2. Omniscience - Mt. 16:21; Lk. 6:8; Jn.
2:24; 6:64; 21:17
3. Omnipresence - Mt. 18:20; 28:20;
Jn. 3:13
4. Omnipotence - Mt. 28:20; Mk. 5:11-25
5. Eternity - see Pre-existence
6. All attributes of Deity - Col. 2:9
Works of Deity
1. Creation - Jn. 1:3,10; Col. 1:16; Heb. 1:2
2. Preservation - Col. 1:17; Heb 1:3
3. Forgiveness - Mk. 2:1-12; Lk. 5:24
4. Resurrection - Jn. 5:21; 11:43
Titles of Deity
1. Son of God - Mk. 1:1; Jn 10:36
2. Son of Man - Dan. 7:13; Mk. 2:10 et al
3. YHWH - Lk. 1:76 cp. Mal. 3:10
4. God - Jn 1:1; 20:28; Heb. 1:8
Claims of Deity
1. By Jesus - Lk. 1:76; Jn 8:58 et al
2. By Apostles - Jn. 1:1; Col. 1:19; 2:9;
Titus 2:13; Heb. 1:8
OT Prediction
1. Gen. 3:15
2.Isa. 9:6
3. Isa. 7:14
4. Micah 5:2
NT Evidence
1. Virgin Birth - Mt 1:23
2. Humanity of Christ
Human Body 1 Jn 1:1
Hunger - Mt. 4:2
Thirst - John 19:28
Exhaustion - John 4:6
Death - 1 Cor. 15:3-8
Emotions John 13:23;
11:35; 15:11; Mk 10:14
Purpose of the
Incarnation
1. Reveal God to Man -
Jn. 1:18; 14:7-11
2. Provide an Example -
1 Pet. 2:21
3. Overcome Satan -
1 Jn 3:8
Specic Ministry to Believers
1. Prophet - bringing God to Man
Acts 3:22-23; Jn. 1:18; Heb. 1:1-2
2. Priest - bring man to God
Heb. 5:1, 6-10, 20; 7:1-8:13; 10:12
3. King - ruling over the church
Mt. 22:41-46; Lk. 1:31-33; Rev. 1:5;
19:16; Col. 1:18; Eph. 1:15-23
4. Propitiation - covering sin
1 Jn. 2:2
5. Redemption - purchased back
1 Pet. 1:18; Gal. 4:5; Eph. 1:7
6. Reconciliation - restored relationship
2 Cor. 5:18-21
7. Justication - declared righteous
Rom. 3:24; Gal. 3:24 et al
8. Adoption - made members of family
Gal. 4:5; Eph. 1:3-12
FOCUS
Display the Father
Jn 1:14,18; He 1:1-4
EFFECT
Redemption
Eph. 1:7-12
INTER-DEPENDENT
HYPOSTATIC UNION
Christ is fully God and fully man united in one person forever
Kenosis - Phil. 2:5-11
He emptied Himself
Impeccability - Heb. 4:15
able not to sin vs. not able to sin
Ken Wilson 2010
Pneumatology
The Doctrine of God the Holy Spirit
Personhood
(The Spirit is a Person)
The Deity of the Holy Spirit
(The Spirit is God)
Old Testament
Ministry
The Holy Spirits
Ministry to Believers
Characteristics
of Personhood
1. The Spirit is Relational
(Mt. 28:19; 2 Cor. 13:14;
Ro. 8:27; Acts 7:51; 10:19).
2. The Spirit is Rational
(1 Cor. 2:10-11, 13;
Jn. 14:16)
3. The Spirit is Volitional
(1 Cor. 12:11; Acts
16:6,7)
4. The Spirit is Emotive
(Eph. 4:30)
Grammar
of Personhood
The Word Spirit (pneuma)
is neuter in gender but re-
ferred to by masculine pro-
nouns (John 16:13-14;
15:26; 16:7-8).
Attributes of Deity
1. Omniscience - Isa. 40:13; 1 Cor. 2:12
2. Omnipresence - Psalm 139:7
3. Omnipotence - Job 33:4; Psalm 104:30
4. Eternity - Heb. 9:14
5. Self-existence - Rom. 8:2
6. Resurrection - Rom. 8:11
Works of Deity
1. Creation - Gen. 1:2; Job 26:13
compare Gen.1:1
2. Inspiration - 2 Pet. 1:21
compare 2 Tim. 3:16,17
3. Regeneration - Titus 3:5
compare Eph. 2:1-10
4. Virgin Birth - Luke 1:35
Titles of Deity
1. YHWH - What YHWH said in Isa.
6:8-13 is ascribed to the Holy Spirit in
Acts 28:25.
2. Spirit of God - Rom. 8:9, 14; 1 Cor.
2:11; 12:3; Eph. 4:30.
3. Lying to the Holy Spirit (Acts 5:3) is
lying to God (Acts 5:4).
4. The Lord is the Spirit - 2 Cor. 3:17,18
Old Testament
Ministry Distinct
1. John 15:26
2. John 16:7-8,13
OT Ministries
1. Creation
(Gen. 1:2; Job 26:13;
33:4; Psa. 104:30
2. Restraining Sin
(Gen. 6:3)
3. Guiding Israel
(Isa. 63:10-14)
4. Inspiration
(2 Pet. 2:21; 2 Sam. 23:2;
Mic. 3:8; Acts 28:25)
5. Regeneration
(Jo. 3:10 cp. Ez. 36:25)
6. Selective Indwelling:
Joseph - Gen. 41:38
Joshua -Num. 27:18
Saul - 1 Sam. 10:9,10
David - 1 Sa, 16:13
Daniel - Dan. 4:8)
*This indwelling could
cease because of sin as
with Saul - 1 Sam. 16:14
*David prayed that the
Spirit would not be taken
away because of his sin -
Psa. 51:11
Specic Ministry
to Believers
1. Conviction - Awareness of sin
John 16:8-11
2. Regeneration - New Birth
Titus 3:5; John 3:5-8
3. Baptism - Initiation into Body of Christ
1 Cor. 1:13; The Book of Acts
4. Indwelling - Abiding Presence
John 14:16; Rom. 8:9; 1 Cor. 6:19
5. Sealing - Identity & Security
2 Cor. 1:21-22; Eph. 1:13-14; 4:30
6. Filling - Control for Living
Eph. 5:18-6:9; cp. Col 3:16-4:1
Gal. 5:13 cp. Rom 13:14
Related Ministries:
Teaching - John 16:12-15
Illumination - 1 Cor. 2:14
Guiding - Rom. 8:14
7. Gifting - Empowerment for Ministry
Eph. 4:11-16; 1 Cor. 12:-14;
Rom. 12:7-8; 1 Pet. 4:10; Heb. 2:3-
8. Directing Evangelism
Acts 1:8; 8:25,29
FOCUS
Point to Christ
Jn 14:26; 16:14
EFFECT
Enable & Empower
Eph. 5:18; 1 Cor. 12
INTER-DEPENDENT
Actions
of Personhood
1. Teaching - John 14:26
2. Commanding - Acts 8:29
3. Praying - Rom. 8:26
4. Grieving - Eph. 4:30
Ken Wilson 2011
Anthropology
The Doctrine of Man
ORIGIN OF MAN
(Creation by God)
THE NATURE OF MAN
(Holistic but Complex)
In the beginning God created the heavens
and the earth.Now the earth was formless
and empty, darkness was over the surface of
the deep, and the Spirit of God
was hovering over the waters.
And God said,
Let there be light, and there was light.
Genesis 1:1-3 (NIV)
Aspects of Humanity
(Biblical Terminology)
Man
Adam () - the name given by God (Gen. 5:2)
- taken from the adamah () (ground)
Woman
Isha () - taken from the man ()
Male
Zakar () - The remembering or pointing one
Female
Neqaba () - The pierced or tunneled one
Flesh
(J3 / ) - man in weakness, prone to sin
Soul
(CD1 / ) - man as a living being
Spirit
( / ) - man with breath, alive
Heart
(37 / ) - intellectual, volitional, emo-
tional and spiritual life
Conscience
() - guide for decision making
Mind
() - capacity to be a rational thinker
Inner/Outer Man
(/ ) - immaterial/material man
New Man/Old Man
(/, ) -
unregenerate or regenerate person or community
Dichotomy or Trichotomy
Dichotomy
We are made up of two parts:
Material (Body) and Immaterial (soul/spirit)
(1 Corinthians 7:34; 15:50-58)
Trichotomy
We are made up of three parts:
Body, Soul, and Spirit
(1 Thessalonians 5:23; Hebrews 4:12)
MEN and WOMEN
(Equal but Different)
Ontological Equality
(Galatians 3:27-28)
For as many of you as were baptized into Christ have
put on Christ. There is neither Jew nor Greek,
neither slave nor free, there is neither male not female;
for you are all one in Christ Jesus.
Equal Image Bearers in Being
Balanced Image Bearers in Importance
Different Image Bearers in Design
Distinct Image Bearers in Role
Essential Image Bearers in Purpose
PURPOSE OF MAN
(The Meaning of Life)
Reection of God
(Genesis 1:26-27, 5:2)
Image (D72 tselem)
image, model, replica
Likeness (nC demut)
to be like; to resemble.
Representative for God
(Genesis 1:28)
Rule ( radah)
ruling, exercising dominion
and even domination
Subdue (C3J cabash)
to bring under ones control
for ones advantage
Capacites like God
Personal Beings
(Genesis 2:18)
With the capacity for relationship
Rational Beings
(2 Corinthians 10:5)
With the capacity for thinking
Volitional Beings
(Joshua 24:15)
With the capacity for choosing
Emotional Beings
(Ecclesiastes 3:4)
With the capacity for feeling
IDENTITY OF MAN
(Imago Dei)
MEN
STRENGTH
(Warrior/Poet)
WOMEN
BEAUTY
(Life Giving/Completer)
Move
Speak
Bring
Forth Life
Nourish
Life
Violence
Silence
Manipulation
Invisibility
Biblical Foundation
So God created man in his own image, in the image of
God he created him; male and female he created them.
Genesis 1:26-27 (NIV)
Biblical Perspective
For you created my inmost being;
you knit me together in my mothers womb.
I praise you because
I am fearfully and wonderfully made
Psalm 139:13-14 (NIV)
Men and Women Living by Design
(1 Corinthians 11:3)
Origin of the Universe
Non-biblical Theories:
Naturalistic Evolution
Theistic Evolution
Punctuated Equilibrium
Biblical Options:
Progressive Creation
Fiat Creation ex-nihilo
Genesis as Literary Framework
Day = Age Creation
Matter is Old - Life is Young
Created with appearance of age
Intelligent Design
Biblically Non-negotiable:
Adam and Eve are real people (Rm 5)
First humans are recent (Gn 5).
God is the Direct Creator ex-nihilo (Gn 1)
What God created is very good.
Creation shows Gods glory (Ps. 19)
Trinity creates (Gn 1, Jn 1:3, Ps 104)
God purposefully guided the process (Gn 1)
Origin of the Human Soul
Pre-existence
God created all human souls in the
beginning and they are transmitted
to human bodies at conception/birth.
Creationism
God creates each human soul
at the moment of conception and
immediately unites it with the body.
Traducianism
The soul is transmitted along
with the body by the process
of natural generation.
I want you to understand that the head of every man
is Christ, the head of every woman is her husband,
and the head of Christ is God.
Summary
A human being is an eternal creature
of God, created in His image as male
and female, for the purpose of rela-
tionship with God, in order to bring
glory to Him through Jesus Christ
and by the Holy Spirit.
Specics
For Gods glory (Is 43:7)
For Gods praise (Eph. 1:3-14)
To know full life (John 10:10)
To enjoy life as Gods gift
(Ecc. 2:24-26; 3:12-13; 5:18-20)
To fear God and obey Him
(Ecc. 12:13)
Hamartiology
The Doctrine of Sin
DEFINITION
(Meaning)
IMPUTATION OF SIN
(Guilt through Adam)
Summary
Sin is any failure to conform to the
moral law of God in act, attitude,
or nature (1 Jn 3:4). In these
ways we fall short of Gods glory
(Rom. 3:23) and break relation-
ship with Him.
New Testament Words
aartia*
Harmatia - sin, missing the mark
kakoV
Kakas - bad, moral wrong
ponhroV
Poneros - evil, moral evil
asebeia
Asebea - godless, apostate
enocoV
Enochos - guilt, worthy of death
adakia
Adakia - unrighteousness
anaoV
Anomos - lawless, iniquity
paabathV
Parabates - transgressor, sinner
planaw
Planao - to go astray, wander
paraptwa
Paraptoma - step over the line
Old Testament Words
D*
Chata - to hit the wrong mark
V
Ra - inferior, wicked, injurious
VCD
Pasha - revolt, rebelion
V
Awon - crooked, iniquity, guilt
..C
Shagag - to err, go astray, sin
inadvertantly
VC
Rasha - wickedness, guilty
Vn
Taah - to wander, go astray
Imputation Dened
A Latin term used to reflect the meaning of
the greek word logizoai - logizomai - mean-
ing to reckon, or charge to ones account.
Three Biblical Imputations
1. Adams sin imputed to all - Rom. 5:12-21
2. Mans sin imputed to Christ - 2 Cor. 5:19
3. Christs righteousness imputed to believers
- Rom. 5:12-21; 2 Cor. 5:21
Objections Answered
1. Without imputation we would still be
guilty because of our own personal sin(s).
2. Without the pattern of imputation of sin
from Adam established the imputation of
Christs righteousness would be unfair.
3. The doctrine of imputation demonstrates
both the wisdom and grace of God.
4. The doctrine of imputation does not
deny personal freedom.
INTER-DEPENDENT
INHERITANCE OF SIN
(Nature through Parents)
Scriptural Support
Like the rest, we were by nature objects of wrath.
Ephesians 2:3b
Surely I was sinful at birth,
sinful from the time my mother conceived me.
Psalm 51:5
Even from birth the wicked go astray;
from the womb they are wayward and speak lies.
Psalm 58:3
Extent of Corruption
Every part of our being is affected by sin. Our
intellect, emotions, desires and will are corrupt.
Our heart - the center of desire and decision - is
desperately corrupt - Jer. 17:9. There is nothing
good in us that merits Gods favor - Rom. 7:18.
1. Intellect Blinded - 2 Cor. 4:4
2. Mind depraved - Rom. 1:21, 28
3. Understanding inhibited - Eph. 4:18
4. Conscience corrupted - Titus 1:15
5. Will enslaved - Rom. 6:20
6. Total Being Sinful - Rom. 1:18-3:20
Total Depravity
Sinfulness extends to each & every person
(Rom. 3:23) and effects every aspect of his being
(Rom. 7:18) so that nothing he does - either
good or bad - merits the favor of God or meets
Gods standard of holiness.
RESULTS
(Consequences)
Four Views of Imputation
1. No imputation from Adam. Each man is
free and only guilty because of his own sin.
2. The tendency to sin is inherited from Adam.
Each man is guilty because of his own sin.
3. Every person is seminally present in
Adam and thus guilty.
4. Adam is a representative of the human race and
we are guilty because of his sin - Rom. 5:12-21.
1. Immediately - sin brings
pain, alienation and conict
- Gen. 3:8-24.
2. Imputation - we are guilty
and separated from God -
Rom. 5:12-21.
3. Inheritance - We sin and
are sinners - Ps. 51:5.
4. Death both physical and
spiritual is a central conse-
quence of sin - Gen. 2:15;
Rom. 5:12-13; Eph. 2:1-3.
5. When a Christians sins his
legal standing before God
does not change (Rom 8:1)
but fellowship is broken
(1Jn 3:21) & discipline is
a response of a loving God
(Heb. 12:6-10).
6. A believer living in persis-
tent sin is in danger of
physical death. One par-
ticular sin is not dened
here (1 Jn. 5:16-17).
7. The unpardonable sin
seems to be a specic case
of malicious and willful re-
jection of the work of the
Holy Spirit through Christ
& attributing it to Satan
(Mt. 12:31-32). It may
have only been possible
when Christ was on earth.
REMEDY
(Solution)
1. The remedy for the guilt of
imputed sin is receiving the
righteousness of Christ
through faith - Eph. 2:4-10;
Rom. 5:12-21.
2. The remedy for personal sin
is confession - 1 Jn 1:9.
Soteriology
The Doctrine of Salvation
The Gospel Message
THE INITIATION
OF GOD
Now, brothers, I want to remind you of
the gospel I preached to you,
which you received and on which
you have taken your stand.
1 Corinthians 15:1
Christ died for our sins
(1 Cor 15:3-4a)
according to the Scriptures (15:3b)
Proof: Burial (15:4a)
Christ was raised
from the dead
(1 Cor 15:4b-8)
according to the Scriptures (15:4b)
Proof: Appearances (15:5-8)
But God demonstrates his own love for us
in this: While we were still sinners,
Christ died for us.
Romans 5:8
Common Grace
Gods general care for all.
Matt 5:45; Acts 14:17; Ps 145:8-9
Not redemptive - Rom 1:20
Election/Predestination
Gods choice of some for salvation
Eph 1:3,5; Rom 9:11; 2 Tm 1:9
of persons/not facts
not on the basis of faith
not on the basis of good deeds
Calling
General Call to All (Mt 22:14;1Tim 2:3-4)
Effective Call of Elect (Rom 8:30)
Regeneration
Impartation of New Life
Titus 3:5; Eph 2:5; Jn 3:3-5
Adoption
New relationship as Gods Sons
Rom 8:15,23; Gal 4:5-6; Eph 1:5
INTER-DEPENDENT
THE RESPONSE
OF MAN
The Acomplishments
of Salvation
How shall we escape if we ignore
such a great salvation?
Hebrews 2:3
Substitutionary Atonement
(in relation to Sins Penalty)
Heb 9:28; 1 Pet 2:24
Redemption
(in relation to Sins Bondage)
Gal 3:13; 1 Col 6:20
Forgiveness
(in relation to Sins Offense)
Eph 1:7; Col 2:13
Reconciliation
(in relation to Mans Alienation)
Col 1:21-22; 2 Cor 5:18-19
Propitiation
(in relation to Gods Justice)
Rom 3:25; Heb 2:17; 1 Jn 2:2;4:10
Justification
(Legally)
My sin imputed to Christ
2 Cor 5:21
Christs Righteousness imputed to
Me
Rom 3:21-4:5; 5:19
Adoption
(Familially)
Rom 8:15,23; Gal 4:5-6; Eph 1:5
Peace
(Relationally)
Peace with God
Rom 5:1
Peace with Others
Eph. 2:14-18
For it is by grace you have been saved,
through faith and this not from yourselves,
it is the gift of God not by works,
so that no one can boast.
Ephesianss 2:8-9
Grace
The unmerited favor of God through which
we get what we do not deserve
Faith
The appropriation of Gods provision by trust.
Eph 2:8; John 3:16; 5:24; 17:3
esp. John whose purpose
is evangelistic (20:31)
Romans: Doctrinal Treatise on Gospel
(4:21-22)
Not by Works
Heretical Additions to Mans Response
Faith + sorrow over sin (part of conviction)
Faith + baptism (symbol of commitment)
Faith + confession (expression of faith)
Faith + surrender (subsequent result of growth)
Faith + a changed life (expected outcome)
Faith + fruit (cant be quantified)
And those he predestined,
he also called; those he called,
he also justified; those he justified,
he also glorified.
Romans 8:30
Temporal Order
ProvisionResponseTransformation
(God) (Me) (Us)
Biblical Order
PredestinedCalled
JustifiedGlorified
(Romans 8:30)
Logical Order
ElectionCall
RegenerationConversion
Justification
SanctificationGlorification
Assurance of Salvation
Confidence that one has eternal life.
Objectively based on the promise of God
Jn 5:24; 1 Jn 5:1,13
Subjectively based on our maturity and growth
1 Jn 2:3,9-11,29; 3:14; 2 Cor 5:17
Eternal Security
Once the gift of salvation is genuinely
received, it cannot be lost
Jn 10:28-30; Rom 8:31-39
The Security of the Believer
I give them eternal life, and they shall never perish; no one can snatch them out of my hand.
John 10:28
The Order of Salvation
Atonement Theories
Ransom to Satan - Origen
Recapitulation - Iraneus
Satisfaction - Anselm
Moral Influence - Abelard
Example - Socinius, Liberalism
Governmental - Grotius
Dramatic Victory - Aulen
Revelatory - Barth
Substitution - Calvin
B
i
b
l
i
o
l
o
g
y
K
e
y

W
o
r
d
s

a
n
d

C
o
n
c
e
p
t
s
w
h
a
t
R
E
V
E
L
A
T
I
O
N

T
h
e

a
c
t

o
f

G
o
d

b
y

w
h
i
c
h

H
e

h
a
s

m
a
d
e

k
n
o
w
n

w
h
a
t

w
a
s

o
t
h
e
r
w
i
s
e

u
n
k
n
o
w
a
b
l
e
.

-

a
p
o
k
a
l
u
p
s
i
s

t
o

u
n
v
e
i
l
,

t
o

u
n
c
o
v
e
r

G
E
N
E
R
A
L

G
o
d

s

w
i
t
n
e
s
s

t
o

H
i
m
s
e
l
f

t
h
r
o
u
g
h

c
r
e
a
t
i
o
n
,

h
i
s
t
o
r
y
,

a
n
d

t
h
e

n
a
t
u
r
e

&

c
o
n
s
c
i
e
n
c
e

o
f

m
a
n
.

S
P
E
C
I
A
L

G
o
d

s

d
i
s
c
l
o
s
u
r
e

o
f

H
i
m
s
e
l
f

i
n

S
a
l
v
a
t
i
o
n

H
i
s
t
o
r
y

(
r
e
v
e
l
a
t
i
o
n

i
n

a

p
e
r
s
o
n
)

a
n
d

i
n

t
h
e

i
n
t
e
r
p
r
e
t
i
v
e

w
o
r
d

o
f

S
c
r
i
p
t
u
r
e

(
r
e
v
e
l
a
t
i
o
n

i
n

p
r
o
p
o
s
i
t
i
o
n
)
.

H
i
s
t
o
r
y
J
u
d
g
e
s
R
u
t
h
C
r
e
a
t
i
o
n
P
s
a
l
m

1
9
:
1
-
6
R
o
m
.

1
:
1
8
-
2
0
M
a
n
G
e
n
.

1
:
2
6
-
2
7
R
o
m
.

2
:
1
4
-
1
5
W
r
i
t
t
e
n
2

T
i
m
o
t
h
y

3
:
1
6
-
1
7
2

P
e
t
e
r

2
:
2
1
L
i
v
i
n
g
J
o
h
n

1
:
1
-
1
8
H
e
b
r
e
w
s

1
:
1
-
3
h
o
w
I
N
S
P
I
R
A
T
I
O
N

G
o
d

s

s
u
p
e
r
i
n
t
e
n
d
i
n
g

o
f

h
u
m
a
n

a
u
t
h
o
r
s

s
o

t
h
a
t

u
s
i
n
g

t
h
e
i
r

o
w
n

i
n
d
i
v
i
d
u
a
l

p
e
r
s
o
n
a
l
i
t
i
e
s

t
h
e
y

c
o
m
p
o
s
e
d

a
n
d

r
e
c
o
r
d
e
d

G
o
d

s

r
e
v
e
l
a
t
i
o
n

t
o

m
a
n

w
i
t
h
o
u
t

e
r
r
o
r

i
n

t
h
e

w
o
r
d
s

o
f

t
h
e

o
r
i
g
i
n
a
l

m
a
n
u
s
c
r
i
p
t
s
.

(
2

T
i
m
o
t
h
y

3
:
1
5
-
1
7
;

2

P
e
t
e
r

1
:
2
1
)

I
N
E
R
R
A
N
C
Y

T
h
e

q
u
a
l
i
t
y

o
f

b
e
i
n
g

f
r
e
e

f
r
o
m

a
l
l

f
a
l
s
e
h
o
o
d

o
r

m
i
s
t
a
k
e
,

w
h
i
c
h

s
a
f
e
g
u
a
r
d
s

t
h
e

t
r
u
t
h

t
h
a
t

H
o
l
y

S
c
r
i
p
t
u
r
e

i
s

e
n
t
i
r
e
l
y

t
r
u
e

a
n
d

t
r
u
s
t
w
o
r
t
h
y

i
n

a
l
l

i
t
s

a
s
s
e
r
t
i
o
n
s
.

(
M
a
t
t
h
e
w

5
:
1
7
-
1
8
;

J
o
h
n

1
0
:
3
5
,

1
7
:
1
7
)
I
N
F
A
L
L
I
B
I
L
I
T
Y

T
h
e

q
u
a
l
i
t
y

o
f

n
e
i
t
h
e
r

m
i
s
l
e
a
d
i
n
g

o
r

b
e
i
n
g

m
i
s
l
e
d
,

w
h
i
c
h

s
a
f
e
g
u
a
r
d
s

t
h
e

t
r
u
t
h

t
h
a
t

H
o
l
y

S
c
r
i
p
t
u
r
e

i
s

a

s
u
r
e
,

s
a
f
e
,

a
n
d

r
e
l
i
a
b
l
e

g
u
i
d
e

i
n

a
l
l

m
a
t
t
e
r
s
.

I
N
T
E
R
P
R
E
T
A
T
I
O
N

T
h
e

p
r
o
c
e
s
s

o
f

d
e
t
e
r
m
i
n
i
n
g

t
h
e

b
i
b
l
i
c
a
l

a
u
t
h
o
r

s

i
n
t
e
n
d
e
d

m
e
a
n
i
n
g
.

I
L
L
U
M
I
N
A
T
I
O
N

T
h
e

w
o
r
k

o
f

t
h
e

H
o
l
y

S
p
i
r
i
t
,

w
h
i
c
h

a
s
s
i
s
t
s

t
h
e

r
e
a
d
e
r

i
n

r
e
s
p
o
n
d
i
n
g

t
o

G
o
d

s

w
r
i
t
t
e
n

r
e
v
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
.

(
J
o
h
n

1
6
:
1
2
-
1
5
;

1

C
o
r
i
n
t
h
i
a
n
s

2
:
9
-
1
6
)
A
P
P
L
I
C
A
T
I
O
N

T
h
e

p
r
o
c
e
s
s

o
f

d
e
t
e
r
m
i
n
i
n
g

t
h
e

c
u
r
r
e
n
t

r
e
l
e
v
a
n
c
e

o
f

S
c
r
i
p
t
u
r
e

a
n
d

t
h
e
n

a
c
t
i
v
e
l
y

r
e
s
p
o
n
d
i
n
g
.

(
J
a
m
e
s

1
:
1
9
-
2
7
)
r
e
s
u
l
t
r
e
s
u
l
t
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
i
b
i
l
i
t
y
r
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e