One lesson to teach the young

A POINT OF VIEW

The young are the future, but they must still be reminded of the lessons of the past, says Clive James in his last weekly column for some time.
Another year is coming to an end and once again my granddaughter and her gang of friends and cousins are invading the house, the whole bunch of them with an average age of about four but with the energy of a pod of dolphins and the noise level of a hail-storm on a tin roof. Owing to my highly trained powers of For many, Aung San Suu Kyi is a symbol of perception I am able to detect that they the struggle for democracy are a bit bigger than last year. My granddaughter herself will soon be as tall as our advent rag doll, code-named Tommasina, who once again is in service to provide mystery chocolates. Actually the mystery of the chocolates is the worst kept secret in the world, because every gang member knows that Tommasina of the many pockets has always got a chocolate on her somewhere. I have already been caught checking her pockets myself, and warned off. There is a rearrangement this year by which one of the big dinners is at our house but one of the big lunches is at my elder daughter's house or perhaps the other way around. Either way, all the presents must apparently be carried from one house to the other except for the presents that have to be carried in the other direction, and I will be a key factor in the carrying. FIND OUT MORE... Everyone knows that my mind went A Point of View is on Fridays long ago but that I can still lift weights on Radio 4 at 2050 GMT and carry them about. Actually if they Or listen to it here later knew how my arthritic ankles ached they would probably take that job away from me too, but I don't tell them. The most tragic line in all of

Shakespeare is: "Othello's occupation's gone." The Shakespeare of Russia was, or was going to be, Alexander Pushkin, a divinely gifted poet who died young, and mainly from his own folly. But he was one of those foolish young men who have wisdom as a gift to squander, and he said a marvellous thing about children. "They crowd us from the world." If he had lived long enough, eventually they would have done that to him. It's why children are here - to replace us. If we're lucky, we've grown old enough to need replacement. I like to think that I've got a few more years left in me yet. I like to think that I've got a few more decades left in me yet, but on a more objective scale of assessment I've already started to remind myself of the knife that had four blades and three handles before somebody lost it. Life's twilight And yet when the kids are scooting around the house I can't help rejoicing that they can bounce on their heads upside down on the furniture just the way I once did but now can't. I mean I not only rejoice that they can, I rejoice that I can't. What could be worse than eternal youth if it meant denying the next generation room to live? Only a fool or a churl would not be glad that life will continue when he is gone. If it did not do that, what would be the point of having lived at all? Chesterton once said that a madman is someone who has lost everything except his capacity for reason. But there is a more subtle version of a madman, and much more insidious - the man who sincerely believes that the party is over when he leaves it. You can still meet theorists today Gabriel Garcia Marquez, not one of my who rail against the alienating effects of favourite writers but a terrific coiner of industrial society, but it was industrial titles, has a phrase for the twilight of a man's life - the autumn of the patriarch. society that furthered the liberation of women There should be pride in it, that you behaved no worse. There should be gratitude, that you were allowed to get this far. And above all there should be no bitterness. The opposite, in fact. The future is no less sweet because you won't be there. The children will be there, taking their turn on earth. In consideration of them, we should refrain from pessimism, no matter how well founded that grim feeling might seem. When I was the age my granddaughter and her friends are now, the

modern world was at its worst. Children my age, their age, were being murdered for no reason at all. Towering achievements At the hands of the Nazis, one-and-a-half million children perished horribly. And that figure was just a fraction of all the innocent people who died pointlessly, for the fulfilment of idle political dreams, in the period between my birth and adolescence. By the time I was a strong young man, and could read, I knew all about it. If I was ever going to despair for the human race, that would have been the time. But I wasn't only reading about all that had been destroyed, I was reading about all that had been achieved. It was one of my countrymen, Howard Florey, who did the crucial work in developing penicillin, and penicillin saved my life when I was ill. So right there I had an example of what There are triumphs that the young can be human creativity could do to overcome taught about the pitiless workings of nature. Modern ideological maniacs could only kill people. But creative spirits, working in freedom, could make life better, and after World War II you could see it happening in the West even as China and all the lands of the Soviet bloc continued to suffer from compulsory madness. The industrial revolution continued. It had long ago got past the stage when it ruined the lives of factory workers. It had reached the stage when you had to be a die-hard anti-capitalist to believe that modern technology was not improving lives. My mother, cruelly deprived of her husband by the war, would have had every reason to warn me that I should place no trust in the human future. Lives transformed But the human future had already arrived, in the form of labour-saving devices. First the refrigerator came to our house, and then the vacuum cleaner, and then the washing machine. Her everyday life was transformed, along with the lives of all the women in Australia, and throughout the West. You can still meet theorists today who rail against the alienating

effects of industrial society, but it was industrial society that furthered the liberation of women. A lot of bad stuff came along with the abundance - crummy advertising, crass materialism, pollution. But none of that was as bad as the slavery that had been rendered obsolete. Our mothers knew all that, and even as they voted Labor they were careful to warn us against any voices who preached against prosperity. Prosperity didn't guarantee freedom but there could be no widespread freedom without it. Knowledge like that was handed down, from the generation that had once The triumph of liberal democracy in the suffered to the next generation which West looms large would not. Today, several generations along into the continued prosperity of the West - so abundant that it holds together even when the banks collapse - that knowledge becomes even more important. The question arises of how it can be passed on when those in the next generation have no memory of anything else. On television they see something else - they see the sufferings of the deprived and oppressed all over the world, and they hear voices saying that all the deprivation and oppression are the fault of the society they themselves live in. The best of the young will always tend to believe this, because compassion is a powerful motive among the good. And anyway, in the harshest days of colonialism it was true, and partly it is still true now. But the larger truth is that the poor countries can make little use of our wealth, even when they are handed it free, if they have not embraced liberal democracy first. Essential democracy The importance of liberal democracy has been the only real idea I have felt qualified to pass on in these broadcasts. Qualified because I was born and raised at a time when liberal democracy was under threat, and have lived into a time when it has

become obvious that liberal democracy is the first and essential requirement for all the nations of the world. Whether there is a painless way of learning that lesson, without having to learn it from experience, is a real question, to which I don't yet have the answer. I want to write a book on the subject, which is why this will be not only the last broadcast in my share of the series, but my last for some time. A few years back I published a book about culture and politics in the 20th Century, and this new book will deal with the further subject of how historical lessons can still be learned if the prospect of political tragedy is eliminated. But even more misleading than pessimism is optimism, and it's probably optimistic to think that things will ever get that good. There will always be a salutary disaster somewhere, even if it's not happening to us. At the moment, very slowly and quietly, just such a disaster is happening to Aung San Suu Kyi of Burma. I want to end my stint by paying tribute to her, for her personal bravery, and for what her life under house arrest symbolically Pushkin knew the role of the young represents. I am very conscious, when I think of her, that I am an armchair warrior and she is a warrior. She was a child when her father was assassinated, but she must have learned a lot from his example. Spending his short life in the quest for Burma's independence, he rebelled against British imperial rule and backed the Japanese version of the same thing, until he realised that it was even worse. After the war, having learned his lesson, he led his country towards democracy, and paid the price for getting too close. And now his daughter is still paying the price, for her own people, and for us. And for all the small people in my house except Tommasina, who will never grow up, never have doubts, never know disappointment, but only because she will never live. She doesn't know what she's missing.