Concept Paper ( Draft)

WASH in Schools: School Led Sanitation and Hygiene Promotion Program

(SLSHPP)

Background:
Government of Nepal has declared that good heath is the basic human right
endorsing through interim constitution. Although each year diarrhoea disease in
Nepal causes 13,000 deaths of children under five or 18% of total deaths –
around 35 a day. A 2005 national survey showed that 30 % of households
reported current incidences of diarrhoea, dysentery, jaundice, and typhoid or
cholera . The main health & hygiene rationale is to reduce exposure to water-
related illnesses and to improve overall hygiene and sanitation in order to
improve the quality of life. There is a high incidence of water-borne disease and
contamination due to open defecation and unhygienic behavior. Making
Sanitation an agenda of public concern has been challenging in Nepal where
only 46% of households have proper latrine facility (Nepal Demographic Survey,
2006). Although, the government has committed to the UN Millennium
Development targets of halving the proportion of the world's population without
sanitation by 2015 and the national target of achieving universal coverage on
sanitation in Nepal by 2017, it is questionable, considering the means and
resources allocated for the sanitation sector. Reflecting on the achievements
made so far on sanitation some innovative approaches e.g. Community Led Total
Sanitation (CLTS) known as Bangladesh model have been tested and
mainstreamed by the several agencies like plan Nepal, Care Nepal, RRN, Red
Cross, NEWAH and SNV also supporting capacity building of WaSH stakeholder
in CLTS promotion to address the questions and challenges posed above.

Karnali zone in general has been facing extraordinary challenges on water

supply, sanitation and hygiene. The synopsis of Karnali in the sector is described
in the following table.

National
Description Dolpa Jumla Mugu Kalikot Humla
Profile
1
Household 4253220 5812 15850 8261 18487 6953
Percent of water 73.46
72.96 92.71 77.67 63.73 77.54
supply coverage2
Population without 20.48
access to safe 63.82 26.01 44.83 54.54 35.80
water3 (%)
Population with 39.22
access to sanitation3 13.66 51.73 14.22 39.24 18.12
(%)
Numbers of Primary -
107 122 119 168 96
Schools1
1
Census 2001
2
Department of Drinking Water and Sewerage (2005)
3
HDI 2001
 The Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Policy 2060 has set targets to reach to 100
percent population for water facilities and latrine facilities by 2017. In order to achieve
this target, the policy emphasizes on massive renovation, rehabilitation, improvement
and expansion work to existing water supply systems. Furthermore, the policy exerts
health education and sanitation activity, participatory water quality monitoring and
evaluation. In this process, the District Development Committees (DDCs) will be
equipped gradually for planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation.

The SNV Corporate Strategy (2007 – 2015) has included water, sanitation and
hygiene (WaSH) as one of the main sector choices. In parallel to the above-described
policies and its approaches, and in pursuit of millennium development goals, SNV has
signed agreement with DDCs and NGOs to provide advisory services and LCB will
link their capacity building services in five districts of Karnali zone. SNV strategy is
formulated in strengthening the sector with the collaboration of different actors at all
levels. As per the SNV Strategy 2008- 2009, the main intervention areas to strengthen
the sector include: local government service delivery, capacity of civil society service
providers (NGOs), inclusive community access and sector coordination and
institutional strengthening.

What School can do?

Children have a right to basic facilities such as school toilets with adequate
water supply, safe drinking water, clean surroundings and basic information on
hygiene. If these conditions are created, children learn better and can bring
concepts and practices on sanitation and hygiene back to their households and
one can teach atleast five/six family members in Nepal context. Even double
the size of household will be benefited by a girl student. Schools can play an
important role in bringing about behavioral changes and promoting better
health. Improved hygiene practices are essential if transmission routes of
water- and sanitation-related diseases are to be cut. WASH in Schools is more
than construction of facilities. What children and adults do—their behaviors—
creates successful WASH in Schools.

One boy student promoter Makes HH promoted

One girl student promoter Makes atleast double HH promoted

Objectives:
The overall objective of SLSHPP is to improve sustainable access to safe water,
sanitation and hygiene for all.

Components of SLSHPP:
The components of SLSHPP are briefly mentioned as
Software Part
i) General (preliminary) knowledge of Water System
a) Water cycle and components
b) Systems involved for purification
c) Hardship(cost/labor) involvement for a drop of water
ii) General (preliminary) knowledge on Sanitation
a) Why sanitation?
b) F-diagram and how to break F-route
c) Hygiene Promotion in school
Hardware Part
i) SLTS campaign
ii) Rainwater Harvesting for sustainable hygiene promotion in the school
iii) Water quality testing for environmental awareness

Methodology:
Software part:
This portion aims enhancement of knowledge on water and sanitation to the
school children. The promotion will be performed through LCBs and WASH
advisor (SNV) and activities include
a) Learning through Discussion(LTD) and presentations
b) Visual aid (poster, documentary etc.)
c) Short play(one act play)

Hardware Part:
This portion aims enhancement of awareness on necessity of hygiene and
economic environmental sustainability of water and sanitation to the school
children. The promotion will be performed through LCBs and WASH advisor
(SNV) and activities include
a) Learning through Practical (LTP) and presentations
b) Practical based on actual situation
c) Group discussion/debate
d) Construction of Rainwater Harvesting system in School(external
source/budget)

Target Group:

Target Group will be Primary level school Students (IV Std-VIII Std). There are
612 primary schools (Census 2001) and 55363 households in five districts of
Karnali zone. Assuming one child from each household goes to school, average
number of student in a school is 90. Thus total expected people with improve
accesses to basic services-WaSH is 332178 (assuming household size is 6).

Expected outcome
This SLSHPP will lead SNV strategy outcome indicator 5: Inclusive community
approaches strengthened and mainstreamed.

Expected output will be

• Changes in hygiene behaviour
• Reductions in water and sanitation related diseases
• Reductions in child morbidity and mortality
• Reduction in water born disease by the consequences providing safe
drinking water.
• Awareness rise on importance water quality and quantity
• Establishment of Permanent WaSH Actor Cycle to improve access to
basic sevices-WaSH

Parent
Level

Student SNV
Level Grant
Advisor Parent
y Level

In
Law's
Level

Permanent WaSH Actor Cycle

• Establishment of Information-Knowledge-Awareness- Improvement Circle

(IKAI Circle) to improve access to basic services-WaSH

Information

Improvement Knowledge

Awareness
Information-Knowledge- Awareness-Improvement Circle (IKAI Circle)