SHORTCUT METHOD: Using quotient (fraction

Example 1: Find the HCF and LCM of 120 and 36 Answer: To find the HCF and LCM we make a fraction - smaller number is the top, bigger number is the bottom - and simplify as much as we can:

Then

HCF = 36 3

or 120 10.

Both calculations produce HCF = 12.

LCM = 36 10 or 120 3.

Both calculations produce LCM = 360

Using calculator We can use the key

abc

of a calculator to help find the HCF and LCM.

b b

Input the fraction 36/100 with the key a c: 36 a c 120 and press =. The calculator produces the irreducible equivalent fraction 3/10 Divide big top by small top and you have got the HCF. (You can also divide the big bottom by small bottom.) Multiply big top by small bottom or big bottom by small top and you have got the LCM.

Relationship between the LCM and the HCF

To find the LCM or HCF we can use the fact that for any two numbers a and b their product is the same as the product of their HCF and LCM. a b = HCF LCM LCM = ab/HCF and HCF = ab/LCM

Example 2. Find the HCF and LCM of 42 and 96. Answer: We make a fraction and simplify it as much as we can:
42 96 = 21 48 = 7 16 We cant simplify any more (be sure!)

Therefore HCF = 427 = 6 LCM = 42 16 = 672. It is advisable to double check HCF = 6 = 96 16. YES. LCM = 672 = 96 7 YES. Or triple check; 42 96 = 6 672? YES. Both produce 4032

Shortcut Method For Profit And Loss

Rations & Fractions:

Comparison of ratio or fraction is most frequently asked question in competitive exams. To find smallest or biggest of the given fraction, two approaches are to be used.

Method 1: Make denominator of the given fractions same.

Make denominator of the given fractions same. To do it, Take LCM of 4, 6, 8, 10. LCM of 4, 6, 8, 10 is 120. So try to make denominator as 120.

(Here We are Multiplying and Dividing by same amount so we are not changing the value of the fraction.)

Now we can easily compare these fractions.

Method 2: Make numerator of the given fractions same.

Make numerator of the given fractions same. To do it, Take LCM of 3, 5, 7, 11. LCM of 3, 5, 7, 11 is 1155. So try to make numerator as 1155.

(Here We are Multiplying and Dividing by same amount so we are not changing the value of the fraction.)

Now we can easily compare these fractions.

The number which has smallest denominator is the biggest number and vise-versa.

Percentage:

Percent means per every hundred. 5% means 5 per 100. In other words, percentage is a fraction with denominator as 100.

Percentage is denoted as P.C. or %. Ex: 70 percent = 70%. Convert Percentage into Fraction: Step 1: The number is divided by 100. Step 2: % sign is removed.

Convert Fraction Into Percentage: Step 1: Multiply fraction by 100. Step 2: Put a % sign. Convert Percentage into Decimal:

Convert Decimal Into Percentage: 0.25 = (0.25 100)% = 25% 1.50 = (1.50 100)% = 150% Some Useful Formulas:

Time & Work: Time and Work problems are most frequently asked problems in quantitative aptitude. To solve these problems very quickly, you should understand the concept of Time and Work and some shortcut methods. If a man can do a piece of work in 5 days, then he will finish 1/5th of the work in one day. If a man can finish 1/5th of the work in one day then he will take 5 days to complete the work. If a man 5/6th of work in one hour then he will take 6/5 hours to complete the full work. If A works three times faster than B then A takes 1/3rd the time taken by B. Here are some shortcut rules which can be very useful while solving Time and Work problems. In total 9 rules are given here. Rule 1: Universal Rule This rule can be used in almost every problems. If M1 persons can do W1 work in D1 days and M2 persons can do W2 works in D2days then we can say M1D1W2 = M2D2W1 If the persons work T1 and T2 hours per day respectively then the equation gets modified to M1D1T1W2 = M2D2T2W1 If the persons has efficiency of E1 and E2 respectively then, M1D1T1E1W2 = M2D2T2E2W1 Example Rule 2: If A can do a piece of work in n days, then The work done by A in one day = 1/n Example Rule 3: If A can do a work in D1 days and B can do the same work in D2 days then A and B together can do the same work Rule 4: If A is twice as good a workman as B, then A will take half of the time taken by B to complete a piece of work. Rule 5: If A is thrice as good a workman as B, then A will take one third of the time taken by B to complete a piece of work.

Rule 6: If A and B together can do a piece of work in x days, B and C together can do in y days and C and A together can do in z days, then the same work can be done

Rule 7: If A can do a piece of work in D1 days, B can do in D2 days and C can do in D3 days then they together can do the same work in

Rule 8: If A and B together can do a piece of work in D1 days and A alone can do it in D2days, then B alone can do the work in

Rule 9: If the number of men are changed in the ratio of m:n, then the time taken to complete the work will change in the ratio n:m

Divisibility of Numbers:
Divisible If By: Examples

The number is even. Or The last(units) digit of the number is 0, 2, 4, 6 or 8

84 is divisible by 2. 85 is not divisible by 2.

The sum of the digits of number is divisible by 3. 1248 is divisible by 3. (1 + 2 + 4 + 8 = 15) 346 is not divisible by 3. (3 + 4 + 6 = 13)

The last two digits of the number is divisible by 23456 is divisible by 4. 4. And the numbers having two or more zeros at (56 is divisible by 4) the end. 13000 is divisible by 4. (Two or more zeros at the end.)

The numbers having 0 or 5 at the end.

12345 is divisible by 5. (5 is there at the end) 1234 is not divisible by 5. (0 or 5 is not there at the end)

The number is divisible by both 2 and 3.

5358 is divisible by 6. (It is divisible by both 2 and 3) 6782 is not divisible by 6. (It is divisible by 2 but not divisible by 3)

The difference between twice the units digit 0 or divisible by 7.

861 is divisible by 7.

and the number formed by other digits is either [86 (1 2)) = 84 which is divisible by 7] 21 is divisible by 7. [2 (1 2)) = 0] 868 is divisible by 7. [86 (8 2)) = 70 which is divisible by 7]

The number formed by last three digits is divisible by 8. And the numbers having three or more zeros at the end.

2056 is divisible by 8. (056 is divisible by 8) 13000 is divisible by 8. (Three zeros at last)

The sum of all the digits is divisible by 9.

5301 is divisible by 9. (5 + 3 + 0 + 1 = 9 which is divisible by 9)

10

The number ends with zero.

467590 is divisible by 10. (It ends with zero)

11

The difference between the sum of digits at even places and sum of digits at odd places is 0 or divisible by 11.

10538 is divisible by 11. [(1 + 5 + 8) (0 + 3) = 11 which is divisible by 11] 724867 is divisible by 11. [(7 + 4 + 6) (2 + 8 + 7) = 0]

12

The number is divisible by both 3 and 4.

5472 is divisible by 12. ( The number is divisible by both 3 and 4) 5475 is not divisible by 12. (The number is divisible by 3 but not divisible by 4)

13

Method: Multiply last digit of the number by 4 and add it to the remaining number. Continue this process until two digit number is achieved. If this two digit number is divisible by 13 then the number is divisible by 13.

182 is divisible by 13. (Multiply last digit by 4 i.e 24 = 8. Add it to the remaining number i.e 18 + 8 = 26. 26 is divisible by 13 so 182 is divisible by 13) 2145 is divisible by 13 ( Multiply last digit by 4 i.e 54 = 20. Add it to the remaining number i.e 214 + 20 = 234 which is not a two digit number so repeat the process. Multiply last digit of 234 by 4 i.e. 44= 16. Add it to the remaining number i.e 23 + 16 = 39 which is divisible by 13 so 2145 is divisible by 13)

14

The number is divisible by both 2 and 7.

7966 is divisible by 14. (The number is divisible by both 2 and 7)

15

The number is divisible by both 3 and 5.

3525 is divisible by 15. (The number is divisible by both 3 and 5)

16

The number formed by last four digits is divisible by 16.

41104 is divisible by 16. (The number formed by last four digits is divisible by 16)

17

Method: Multiply last digit with 5 and subtract it from the remaining number. If the result is divisible by 17 then the original number is also divisible by 17. Repeat this process if required.

4029 is divisible by 17 ( Multiply last digit by 5 i.e. 95= 45. Subtract it from the remaining number. 402 45 = 357 which is divisible by 17 so 4029 is divisible

by 17)

18

The number is even and divisible by 9.

4428 is divisible by 18. (It is even and divisible by 9)

19

Method: Multiply last digit with 2 and add it to the remaining number. If the result is divisible Repeat this process if required.

1235 is divisible by 19. (Multiply last digit with 2 i.e 52 = 10. which is divisible by 19 so 1235 is also divisible by 19)

by 19 then original number is also divisible by 19. Add it to the remaining number 123 i.e 123 + 10 = 133

SQUARING A 3 DIGIT NO.

1. This method uses the concept of (a + b +c) = a + b + c + 2ab + 2bc + 2ac

FINDING A CUBE OF 2 DIGIT NO.

This method is to find cube of two digit numbers.

Lets understand this method by taking some examples. Find cube of 14. Step 1: Find cube of tens digit and write it down as first digit .

Step 2: 1 and 4 are in the ratio of 1:4 So write next three numbers in the ratio of 1:4.

Step 3: Write double of second and third digit below them.

Step 4: Add both these rows as shown below.

Starting from right, write 4 of 64 in the answer and 6 as carry.

Add 6 + 16 + 32 = 54. Write 4 in the answer and 5 as carry.

Add 5 + 4 + 8 = 17 Write 7 in the answer and 1 as carry.

Then :- Add 1 + 1 = 2 - Write 2 in the answer. Answer is 2744.