CAPACITANCE,CHARGING,DISCHARGING,ENERGY STORED IMPORTANT EQUATIONS Q = CV, Q = Qo e-t/RC , V = Vo e-t/RC , I = Io e-t/RC , E =( )CV2, t1/2 = ln2 RC, t = RC 1) A capacitor stores 5.

0 x 10-9 C of electric charge. Calculate a) Number of electrons which must have flowed into the capacitor b) The capacitance of the capacitor if the P.D across it is 5.0 V c) The amount of charge which must be removed from the capacitor to reduce its P.D to 1.0 V 2) The circuit shows a charged capacitor C connected in series with a resistor R and a switch S a) Sketch a graph of charge against time from the instant when the switch is closed? b) Show on the graph the effect of increasing R c) State an equation representing this decay, stating the meaning of each term used d) Use the graph to explain what is meant by half life of a CR circuit e) Define the term time constant and write a formula for time constant 3) A washing machine timer uses a capacitor and a resistor in series to switch off the heater after a preset time A 1000 F capacitor is charged to a P.D of 25 V and allowed to discharge through a resistor of 470 k .If the switch is triggered ,when the potential falls to 5 V ,calculate a) The time for which heater is on b) The new value of resistor required to operate the heater for 25 min. 4) If all the energy stored by a 250 F capacitor, charged to a P.D of 7500 V could be used to lift a man of mass 75 kg, what would be the greatest vertical height through which he could be raised?

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5) A 4F capacitor is charged from 12 V battery and then discharged through a 0.4 M resistor. Calculate a) The initial charge on the capacitor b) The charge and P.D across the capacitor 2.0 s after it starts to discharge? 6) A 200 F capacitor is connected in series with a 470 k resistor, a switch and 4.5 V battery a) Draw a circuit diagram for this arrangement b) Draw a graph showing how the P.D across the capacitor varies as the charge Q stored in it increases. Add a scale to both axis c) Calculate the energy stored by the fully charged capacitor 7) Two capacitors P and Q storing equal amount of energy, yet P has twice the capacitance of Q.The P.D across the capacitor P is V.what is the P.D across the capacitor Q 8) A 100 F capacitor is charged at a steady rate of 80 C s -1 .How much time it will take for the P.D across the capacitor to be 12 V 9) At a certain moment after the switch was closed in the given circuit ,the current registered by the ammeter was 8.5 A. Calculate for the moment a) The P.D across the resistor b) The P.D across the capacitor c) The charge on each of the capacitor plate. 10) When discharging a capacitor of unknown capacitance C through a resistor of 22 k ,it is found that the current falls to half its original value in 34 s.Calculate C 11) The graph shows how the charge of a capacitor varies with the p.d. across the capacitor.Use the graph to find a) the energy stored by the capacitor when charged to a potential difference of 8 V energy stored = .................. J b) the capacitance of the capacitor capacitance = ..................... F

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12) Fig. 7.1 shows a circuit diagram of a capacitor discharging through a resistor. A simple mathematical model of the discharge of the capacitor is shown in Fig. 7.2. It is assumed that the current / is constant over each small time interval, t, The process is repeated as shown.

Complete the table for the discharge of the 4700F capacitor. The small time interval used is t = 2.0 s. 13) In the circuit in Fig. 6.1, the capacitor is charged to a potential difference of 6.0 V. When the switch is moved from A to B , the capacitor discharges through the resistor. a) Show that the initial value of the discharge current is about 1 mA. b) The time constant RC of the discharge circuit is about 26 s. Calculate the current in the discharge circuit after the switch has been closed for a time equal to RC. current = .............. mA CAPACITOR COMBINATION ,JOINING CAPACITORS IMPORTANT EQUATIONS : Cp = C1 + C2 , 1/Cs = 1/C1 + 1/C2
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14) 3 capacitors of capacitance 2 F,6 F,12 F are connected in series with a 12V dc supply. Calculate a) Total capacitance b) The charge on each capacitor c) The total energy stored 15) Two 15 F capacitors are connected in parallel and the pair are connected in series with a 45 F capacitor and a battery. if the P.D across the parallel plates is 30V Calculate a) The charge on each capacitor b) The emf of the battery c) The total capacitance of the circuit d) The total energy stored in the capacitors 16) 2 capacitors of 47 F and 470 F are connected to a dc supply as shown in the figure. What will be ratio of charges across each capacitor in each figure

17) For each of the given figures , a P.D of 12 V is applied across P and Q.For figure (i) a) Calculate the equivalent capacitance between P and Q b) Calculate the charge on each capacitor For figure (ii) a) Calculate the effective capacitance between P and Q b) What is the P.D across each capacitor 18) Calculate the equivalent capacitance for each of the following circuit

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19) (i) Find the equivalent capacitance (ii) Determine the charge and voltage across each capacitors 20) A 5 F capacitor is charged by a 40 V battery , and is then connected across an uncharged 20 F capacitor. Calculate i) The final P.D across each. ii) The final charge on each iii) The total initial and final energies stored by the capacitors 21) A 10 F capacitor is charged by a 50 V supply and then connected across an uncharged 20 F capacitor..Calculate i) The initial charge on the 10 F capacitor ii) The final P.D across the capacitor iii) The final charge on each capacitor iv) The initial energy stored v) The final energy stored 22) Calculate the energy stored in a 20 F capacitor when charged to a P.D of 500 V. If a second initially uncharged 30 F capacitor is then connected in parallel with it , calculate the new value of energy stored by the combination. Account for this change 23) In the circuit shown switch A is initially closed and switch B is open. a) Calculate the energy stored in the 3 F capacitor when it is fully charged. b) Switch a is now opened and switch B is closed. Calculate the final value of the total energy stored in the 2 capacitors when the 5 F capacitor is fully charged? c) State briefly how you would account for the decrease in the stored energy PAST PAPER QUESTIONS 24) A) Complete the circuit below to show the two capacitors connected in parallel and series with the battery. Use the values given to help you complete the table.
C 1 12 f 6.0 V

C 2 12 f
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Capacitors in parallel

Charge on C 1

Energy stored on C 1 when fully charged

Capacitors in series

Charge on C 2

Total energy stored on C 1 and C 2 when fully charged

2 25) (i) Calculate the equivalent capacitance of the two capacitors connected in parallel. (ii) Hence calculate the charge stored by the 4 F capacitor.

26) Two circuits are set up as shown below. Boxes A and B each conceal an arrangement of two identical capacitors. The circuits are identical in every way apart from the arrangement of the capacitors. The switches S1 are closed for a few seconds and then opened. The switches S2 are then closed. The lamp connected to box A is seen to light for longer than that connected to box B.
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(a)(i)State how the capacitors are connected in each box. (ii) Explain your answer in terms of the electrical energy stored by the Capacitors in each box. You should refer to any relevant formulae to support your explanation. (b) A large value resistor is placed in each circuit between the lamp and S2. The procedure described earlier in the question is then repeated. State and explain what would be observed. (c) State and explain what would have been observed if the large value resistor had been connected between S1 and the cell in each circuit. 27) A capacitor C1 is connected to a supply. When a potential difference of 4.0 V is applied across the capacitor, it stores a charge of 0.80 nC. (a) (i) Calculate the electrical work done by the supply as it transfers this charge. ii) Mark on the diagram above the magnitudes and polarities of the charges stored on the plates of the capacitor. (b) A graph of charge stored against potential difference across the capacitor is shown. Explain how this graph supports the fact that the charged capacitor is storing 1.6 nJ of energy. 28) An uncharged capacitor is connected into a circuit as shown.

(a) Describe what happens to the capacitor when the switch S is closed. (b) A student models the behavior of the circuit using a spreadsheet. The student uses a 100 F capacitor; a 3.00 k resistor and 5.00 V power supply. The switch is closed at time t = 0 s.

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Explain how the value in cell C4 is calculated. (ii) Explain how the value in cell E3 is calculated. (c) The graph shows how the spreadsheet current varies with time. i) Use the graph to show that the time constant is approximately consistent with component values. ii) The student thinks that the graph is an exponential curve. How would you use another graph to confirm this?

(i)

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