Answers to end-of-chapter questions

Chapter 23
1 a an element forming one or more compounds that contain an ion which has a partly filled 3d sub-shell [1] b a molecule or ion capable of bonding to a positive ion by donating a lone-pair of electrons and forming a co-ordinate bond [1] c a positive ion [1] joined to one or more ligands [1] Total = 4 2 a [Ar]3d 4s or 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s  b [Ar]3d7 or 1s22s22p63s23p63d74s0 c [Ar]3d1 or 1s22s22p63s23p63d14s0
6 2 2 2 6 2 6 6 2

[1] [1] [1] Total = 3

dangerous, and this also gives an inaccurate titration result as the MnO4 reacts with the Cl as well as the Fe2+. The electrode potential for the SO42 / SO2 redox system is more negative than the one for MnO4 / Mn2+; this means that the reaction SO42 + 4H+ + 2e SO2 + 2H2O can proceed to the left but not to the right and the acid is unchanged. b Mr of FeSO4.7H2O = 55.8 + 32.1 + 64.0 + 126.0 = 277.9 5.56 amount (in mol) of FeSO4.7H2O = 277.9 = 0.0200mol [FeSO4] =

[1] [1]

[1] [1] [1]

3 a e.g. FeCl3 [1] oxidation state +3 [1] e.g. FeCl2 [1] oxidation state +2 [1] b d orbitals split / form two sets of non-degenerate orbitals; [1] an electron from one of the lower orbitals absorbs energy from visible light; [1] and is promoted to one of the higher orbitals [1] Total = 7 4 a [Cu(H2O)6]2+(aq) + 2OH(aq)  Cu(OH)2(H2O)4(s) + 2H2O(l) [1] pale blue precipitate [1] b Cu(OH)2(H2O)4(s) + 4NH3(aq)   [Cu(H2O)2(NH3)4]2+(aq) + 2H2O(l) + 2OH(aq) [1] the precipitate dissolves [1] giving a deep blue solution [1] Total = 5

0.02 = 0.0800moldm3 [1] 0.250 c i 5Fe2+ + 8H+ + MnO4  5Fe3+ + 4H2O + Mn2+ [2] [1]

ii when a permanent pink colour is obtained d amount in mol of Fe2+ (FeSO4) in 25cm3 = V C = 0.025 0.0800 = 0.00200 mol 1 amount in mol of MnO4 = amount in 5 2+ 4 mol of Fe = 4.00 10 mol n 4.00 10 4 [MnO4] = = 0.0212 V 3 = 0.0189moldm  e 5SO2 + 2H2O + 2MnO4  2Mn2+ + 5SO42 + 4H+ amount in mol of MnO4 = 0.0189 0.025 = 4.73 104mol amount in mol of SO2 =

[1 mark for formulae; 1 mark for balancing]

[1]

[1] [2] [1]

[1 mark for formulae; 1 mark for balancing]

Examiners tip
Learn the formulae of the complex ions in question 4, and learn to describe the observations precisely. This is a common A-level question.

= 1.18 103mol [1] volume of SO2 at r.t.p. = 1.18 103 24dm3 = 0.0283dm3 [1] Total = 17

5 4.73 104mol 2

5 a The electrode potential for the Cl2 / Cl redox system is more negative than the one for MnO4 / Mn2+; this means that MnO4 + 8H+ + 5e Mn2+ + 4H2O can gain electrons, proceeding to the right, and the reaction Cl2 + 2e 2Cl can proceed to the left, forming Cl2. Chlorine is
AS and A Level Chemistry Cambridge University Press

Examiners tip
[1]
Parts of question 5 are difficult, particularly parte. To make it easier, break it up: a) how many moles of MnO4 are we given? b) how many moles of SO2 will this react with? (an equation is needed here) c) what is the volume of this number of moles of SO2?
Answers to end-of-chapter questions: Chapter 23