PAINTING TECHNOLOGY STAGES AND TESTS, SPECIFIED COATING CONDITIONS Relative Humidity Dew point Dry bulb Temperature

e Wet bulb Temperature Surface Temperature Air Temperature SURFACE PREPARATION Profile Measurement Surface Profile needle gauge Dial Micrometer and Replica tape Assessment Naked eye, Visual aid[7X magnification] Tactile, Surface Comparator, Blasting pressure [air] Acidity and Alkalinity Test Hypodermic needle gauge pH indicator strips Whirling Hygrometer, Dew point calculator Whirling Hygrometer, Dew point calculator Whirling Hygrometer Whirling Hygrometer, Limpet gauge, Thermometer, Touch pyrometer, Dry Bulb[whirling hygrometer]

SURFACE CONTAMINANTS AND TESTS FOR DETECTION Soluble iron salt Soluble chloride Other Tests for Salts Potassium Ferricyanide Test,[Qualitative] [Whatman paper] Silver Nitrate Test,[Qualitative] [Whatman paper strips] [Hygroscopic Salts] 1. Merkoquant 2. Bresle sample patch 3. Salt contamination meters, Mill scale Acidic copper sulphate spray test,

Dust on Substrate Moisture on a Substrate Oil and Grease

Self adhesive Tape Talc or Powdered Chalk check, UV Test with solvent spray, plotting whatman/blotting paper,

TESTING OF PAINTS FOR PROPERTIES AND PERFORMANCE Determination of Volatile, nonvolatile Solvent Evaporation method,[BS3900 part B2] Flash point Determination Density Degree of dispersion Viscosity Closed Abel cup method, 100cc Density Cup with lid chamfered,[Pyknometer] Hegman grind gauge, Rotational viscometers Rota thinner, Krebs stormer, Flow viscometers Ford Cup No 4 [ + ISO,DIN, ZAHN and FRIKMAR], PAINT FILM THICKNESSES Wet Film Thickness Measurement, Eccentric wheel, Comb gauge,

Dry Film Thickness Measurement,[ Four methods] 1. 2. 3. 4. Test Panels, Calculations, Destructive Gauges, Non destructive test gauges

Destructive gauges Painting Inspector gauge [PIG]-MIO Both WFT, DFT Non destructive Test gauges 1. Magnetic gauge Banana gauge, Horse shoe gauge,Tinsley, 2. Electronic gauges
Ferrous surface- Electromagnetic induction[Ferro-magnetic material] Non ferrous - Eddy Current principle[ Non Ferro magnetic material],

TEST FOR MECHANICAL PROPERTIES ON PAINT FILM, [ leading manufactures - Ericcson,Taber and Gardener] Abrasion Test Hardness Taber Rotary Abraser, Buchholz indenter, Sward Hardness rocker, Koenig Albert.[most frequently used for Hard Coatings] Conical mandrel with taper roller [3mm -37mm] Tubular impact Tester,

Flexibility BS3900 E1 Impact resistance ACCELERATED TESTING Humidity cabins Salt Spray Cabinets Water Soak Test Temperature Cycling

95% Humidity, 55C

[Tropical conditions]

Salt laden Environment [ability to withstand] Panel Submerged, weighed[ Water absorption] Hot and cold than Normal temperature to find crack [Observation 1000 hours]

Prohesion Test

X cut[50mm] pre damaged sample plates 3% Salt water spray and stop cycle every 60 minutes at 35C.This cycle continues to 1000 hours. There should not be any damage after 3mm of pre damaged area.

DRYING AND CURING TESTS, Drying Time determination 1. Ballotini teat 2. Beck Koller Stylus Test[BK Drying time recorder] OTHER TESTS, Mechanical Thumb Test Pencil scratch test Mechanical scratch Test Gold Leaf Test Thumbnail Test OPACITY TEST Even through drying Time of paint Hardness Value,2H,3H,4H,5H Hardness value in grams ex: 500gm Test for Residual Tack, Hardness -Penetration of thumb nail on paint, Pfund crypto meters [Two Types] 1. Trough Type 2. Black and White Fused plates, Hiding power charts and Micrometer adjustable film applicator,[opacity],

DEGREE OF GLOSS ADHESION TESTS

Refectometer, Glossmeter,

1. V CUT TEST, 2.CROSS CUT, [Cross hatch Test], 3.DOLLY TEST, [Quantitative Test in PSI, Newton/ m square- Aluminium alloy Dolly], 4.HATE [Hydraulic Adhesion Test Equipment][Quantitative Mild steel Dolly] CP Monitoring Half cell reference electrode [Copper/Copper sulphate half cell electrode to measure the potential between pipe line to earth, next half anode to earth], Cathodic Disbondment Test Holiday Detector/Pin hole detection Resistance to Cathodic disbondment Test, Defects/voids/Low DFT of paint film