SHEIKH TECHNICAL VETERINARY SCHOOL (STVS)

BURAO FIELD WORK REPORT (JULY 7-, 2012)

By Faisal Said Mohamed Muse Student No: STVS0182

Supervisors Name: Mohamed IT Signature........................................... Submission Date: July 18, 2010

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all I want to thank my God who allowed me to perform this activity without any difficulties. Secondly I would like to thank my colleagues, classmates who supported me during data collection and the tutors who help at all stages to come up with this report. Among which include: Dr. Nuh Hajji Abdi Dr. Abdi /Qadir Khaliif Dr. Abdulahi Hirsi Dr. Abdulahi Sheikh Mohamed IT Matinde Thomas Finally I want to give thanks to my parents for their encouragement and support towards my educational career.

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Table of Contents Chapter one: Introduction ................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 1.2. Background of the study area. ................................................................................. 1 Chapter two: Objectives and methods ................................................................................ 1 2.2. Methodology ............................................................................................................ 1 Chapter three: Activities carried out ................................................................................... 1 3.1. Traditional slaughterhouse ....................................................................................... 1 3.1.1. Activities performed at the slaughterhouse....................................................... 2 3.1.3. Roles of the municipality at the slaughter house are: ....................................... 2 3.1.4. Constraints faced the slaughterhouse ................................................................ 2 3.2 Burao livestock market ............................................................................................. 2 3.2.1 The price of livestock in the market .................................................................. 2 3.2.2. Market actors .................................................................................................... 3 3.2.3 Role of municipality in the livestock market. .................................................... 3 3.2.4 Role of veterinarians in livestock market. ......................................................... 3 3.2.5 Constrains of livestock market........................................................................... 3 3.3 Milk market in Burao ............................................................................................ 3 3.3.1. Milk Pricing ...................................................................................................... 4 3.3.2. Constrains of Milk Market ................................................................................ 4 3.4 Maandeeq camel dairy farm ......4 3.5 Alla-magan tannery........4 3.5.1Processing of the skin: ........................................................................................ 4 3.5.2 Materials used for skin processing..................................................................... 5 3.6 International Livestock Company......5 Chapter four: Conclusions, Recommendations and lessons learnt ..................................... 5 4.1 Conclusions ............................................................................................................... 5 4.2. Recommendation ..................................................................................................... 5 4.3 Lessons learnt............................................................................................................ 5

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CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction
This report is about a field study of 3 days. This field work was done by first year students to develop their practical skills that they have learnt during their class lectures and to collect the information and interpret the data on livestock performance from the pastoralists and other livestock enterprises in Burao city (Somaliland). A total of six enterprises were visited which included:livestock market, traditional slaughterhouse, milk market, Maandeeq camel dairy farm, Allamagan tannery and International livestock company.

1.2. Background of the study area.

Burao is the capital city of Togdheer region and it is the second city of Somaliland, its population is estimated to be 400,000-450,000 also its temperature varies according to seasons but it is usually between 25C to 30C and economically depends on livestock production and marketing. Burao has the largest livestock market in Somalia and serves the entire regions of Somaliland parts, Puntland and Southern Somalia.

CHAPTER TWO: OBJECTIVES AND METHODS

2.1 Objectives
To collect data and information from the various stakeholders in livestock industry. To identify challenges and opportunities in the livestock sector. To make technical recommendations needed for improvement of the livestock sector in Somaliland.

2.2. Methodology
Observation: Observing different livestock facilities in the attached areas.

Palpation: It is method used to touch with pressure on organs. Interview: It is method used to collect data from different people.

CHEPTER THREE: ACTIVETIES CARRIED OUT

3.1. Traditional slaughterhouse
Burao traditional slaughterhouse is located in the Eastern direction of Burao city on an estimated area of 0.5km2. The activities in the slaughter house starts at 11:00 PM up to 5:00 AM. It is composed of two sections, one for small ruminant and other section for camel. The average animals slaughtered per day, 350-500 of small ruminants and 12 camels. The animals are taxed the sheep and goats are taxed 800 Shilling Somaliland(S/ L) while camel were taxed 1000 Shilling Somaliland.

3.1.1. Activities performed at the slaughterhouse During the field, students analyzed both sections of the slaughterhouse and carried out inspection and postmortem examination of the carcasses. A total of 45 small ruminants were inspected by using various approaches and techniques such as; Observation, Palpation, Cut section and opening internal organs. Table 1: Shows postmortem findings from the slaughter house.
Species No. of animals inspected Shoats 18 Shoats 12 Shoats 8 Organs affected Rumen Liver Lymph nodes Abnormality Normal cases Affected cases

Foreign body Fatty change Abscess

12 9 6

6 3 2

Shoats

Intestine

Hemorrhage and 5 nodules

3.1.3. Roles of the municipality at the slaughter house are: Controlling hygiene.

Collecting taxation. Ensuring security and Repairing the infrastructures needed at slaughterhouse.
3.1.4. Constraints faced the slaughterhouse Lack of electricity. Lack of veterinary services. Lack of water pools and water supply and lack of hygiene.

3.2 Burao livestock market

Burao livestock market is located at the Southern side of Burao district. It is one of the largest markets in Somalia / Somaliland. The market has an area about 2km2 which is used for buying and selling the livestock. It has infrastructures like two rooms used by the local government as an office for taxing the livestock at the market, a veterinary office, and other rooms which are used by the security staffs to interrogate criminals before they are extradited to the police station. livestock are classified in to two categories : one part for exports and locally known as AHMI while other part used for local consumption animals and mostly are females locally known as DABAH. 3.2.1 The price of livestock in the market The price of the animal depends on the body condition. The body condition of animals is affected by season; animal is fatter during green season and gets thinner during dry season. 2

Table 2: Animal prices in the market

Species of animals Goat Sheep Camel Price/ animal ($) 53-67 53-67 600-700

SLSH = Somaliland shillings; $1 = 6,600 SLSH 3.2.2. Market actors There are several actors that are involved in the market activities at different levels and each one has his own role in the market and they are; Producers: Mainly are pastorals who bring their animals to the market for selling, producers who are far from the market transport their animals by trucks and the ones that are near the market trek their animals Brokers: They mediate between producers and traders or local butchers; they also facilitate the activities in livestock market and play an important role in price negotiation. Traders: In general traders consist of local and export traders, the local ones sell their animals within the country while the export ones sell their animals for exportation. Butcher: Buy the animals for local consumption. 3.2.3 Role of municipality in the livestock market. Collected taxes Maintaining hygiene Security of the market 3.2.4 Role of veterinarians in livestock market. Inspection of the animals. Treating the sick animal in the market. Condemn if the animal is pregnant or have any abnormal clinical signs. Provide permanent movement certificate. Constrains of livestock market. Livestock market constrain include: Inadequate shelter, poor veterinary services, Poor hygiene and lack of association among market actors.

3.3 Milk market in Burao

Milk market is located at the center of the town and its very busy market when buying and selling of milk takes place. The milk is brought to the market from different areas like; Suuqsade, Galloolayey, and Calaacule.

3.3.1. Milk Pricing The milk can be classified according to the species of the animal i.e. camel, sheep, cattle and goat; and according to their quality i.e. s sour milk and fresh milk. All this determine the price at which the milk is sold; camel milk is more expensive than small ruminants milk. Similarly fresh milk was more expensive than sour milk. Table 3: Price of milk by animal species
Species Camel Goat Cattle *****1$:6500, 000slsh Price of milk (SLSH)/per cub**** 7000(SLSH) 6500(SLSH) 6500(SLSH)

Constrains of Milk Market Constrains faced in the milk market includes: Poor hygiene and sanitation, contaminated milk container and lack of milk preservation. 3.4 Maandeeq camel dairy farm Maandeeq camel dairy farm is located at the Western of Burao district and it is away 7km from the district. It was established in 2005 in an estimated area of 115 hectares of land. It has the grazing area and pens for the camel. Total animals rearing the farmer were 65 camels. However, only 35 camels were seen during the study. The all camel was lactated except one pregnant female camel. The milking system of the lactating camels starts early morning and at the evening. Camels are milked by using hand; using sterilized traditional vessels known as hadhuub/Haruub. The camel produces 150 litter of milk per day; this milk is transported to the Burao milk market by a car. This milk is in the Burcoa district since they are fresh milk of suitable drink. Infrastrures of dairy farm There are four pens in the farm; two for calves and four for adult camels. There are 8 Workers in the farm those are all male. Three of them rear and keep for animals while other five workers cultivate the grassing part of the farm. The farm has watering system which is pore holes.

3.5 Alla-magan tannery

Students visited Allamagan factory (traditional tannery) which locates beside the livestock market and was established in 2003. It processes 500 skins for local consumption and 2000 skins for exports per month. The factory has two sections:

3.5.1Processing of the skin: During processing the skin there is different section where different activities are performed the following are some of these sections. Salting section This section is designed for salting of all skin types and skin should salt three days before drying. The skins are classified according to the animal species and processing method. The skins from small ruminants are exported after they are semi-processed while those of cattle and camels are used locally.

Declaiming section This section is designed to declaim skin of camels and cattle. This process takes more the 10 days and it undergoes different steps: Note: After every step skin should be cleaned and shaved using clean knives. 3.5.2 Materials used for skin processing Water, chemicals (Chrome, NaSO4, acid and Ca CO3.), protection materials (gloves, plastic boots), skin and 12 pools are need to complete the process at the factory.

3.6 International Livestock Company

This company was established in 2009 and located 8km to the Southern part of the city. This is jointly owned by six proprietors. It occupies 85 hectares of land and has different section like holding ground, feed storage, laboratory and grass growing areas. Currently the company is under construction. The aim of establishment of this company are; fating, resting and treating of animals.

CHAPTER FOUR: CONCLUSONS, RECOMMENDATIONS AND LESSION LEANT

4.1 Conclusions
The field work activity was very successful and met its objectives. Students acquired practical field experience and interaction with the community. Constrains of visited areas were studied.

4.2. Recommendation
Government and entrepreneurs should ensure hygiene at the slaughterhouses and milk market. Slaughterhouse workers should be provided with protective materials to reduce the risk of infections. Slaughter house must be provided with electricity and sufficient bulbs. Enough water must be provided in the livestock market. Government should encourage the investment and sustainability of international livestock company.

4.3 Lessons learnt

During the field activities in Burao the following experiences we were gained; Enhance the knowledge of group working and how to perform the questioners Role of veterinary in the community Appling skills learnt during lectures are not simple to apply during at field study