Remocion de CO2 Con CaCO3

Feasibility Study on Carbonate Looping Process for Post Combustion CO2-Capture from Coal fired Power Plants
B. Epple und J. Strhle 4th International Workshop on In-Situ CO2 Removal London, 7-9 July 2008
Prof. Dr.-Ing. B. Epple Energy Systems & Technology www.est.tu-darmstadt.de
Technische Universitt Darmstadt
CO2 Capture from Coal-Fired Power Plants Overview of Processes Flue gas scrubbing (z.B. MEA scrubbing) Very high energy demand ( ~ 14%), high costs Environmental problems (toxic absorbents) Post-combustion technology -> retrofit possible Far developed
Prof. Dr.-Ing. B. Epple

Energy Systems & Technology
www.est.TU-Darmstadt.de
Oxyfuel combustion High energy demand (air separation) Need for further development (e.g. steam generator/burner) Gasification technology (IGCC) Pre-combustion technology High energy demand, high costs, complex process Need for further development (e.g. H2 gas turbine) Membrane processes (z.B. AZEP, Oxycoal) Oxyfuel technology Low energy demand High need for development (e.g. materials) Oxyfuel Chemical Looping Post-combustion Carbonate Looping
Alternatives:
1
4th International Workshop on In-Situ CO2 Removal, London, 7-9 July 2008

Post Combustion
Carbonate Looping
Carbonate-Looping Principle
Decarbonated flue gas
CO2 to compression
CaCO3 CARBONATOR 650 C CaO CALCINER 900 C Make-up CaCO3
Fuel Flue gas from power plant Ash Deactiveted lime O2
Post-combustion process Energy demand for O2 supply to calciner (~1/3 of oxyfuel)
Carbonate Looping: Reaktivity of CaO
Decrease of reactivity of CaO with number of cycles Reactivity converges against constant values of approx. 15 %
Application to continuous operation of two reactors Active fraction of CaO (Formula of Abanades (2005)) :
Xcarb = fm (1 fw ) F 0 + fw F 0 + FR (1 fm )
Experiments in batch reactor with cyclic carbonisation/calcination (Abanades, 2002)
Process Scheme for Retrofit
CO2 reduced flue gas Carbonator 650 C Q2 Q4
CO2 compression
Calciner 900 C
Q1 FGD Fan
CaO CaCO 3
3
CaCO3 Coal
Q3 Preheater CaO/CaCO 3
O2
ASU
Source: Romeo et al. Mod. by EST TU Darmstadt
Cold end of reference power plant 1052 MWel

5
Reference Power Plant 1052 MWel
Power Efficiency Fuel

6
MWth MWel (net) % (net)
2308 1052 45,6 Hard coal
ASPEN Model: Carbonate Looping
ASPEN-Modell: Assumptions
Flue gas from reference plant after FGD
Pressure increase by fan before carbonator: 200 mbar 99 % SO2 capture in carbonator und calciner Coal burn-out in calciner: 99,5 % Oxygen excess in calciner: = 1,1 O2 purity after ASU: 95 % Energy demand for ASU: 185 kWh/t O2
(Source: IVD Stuttgart)
Cooling of flue gases in steam generator down to 330 C; below cooling for internal pre-heating down to ~100 C Water/steam process according to reference plant 100 % CO2 capture in calciner CO2 compression treated separately (considered later)
Aim: 80 % CO2 capture in carbonator
ASPEN Results: Mass Flows

8000 7000 200 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 Makeup [t/h] 100 150 250
zirkulierender Massenstrom [t/h] Circulating mass flow [t/h]

Coal mass flow Kohlestrom [t/h] [t/h]
50
0 175
High Makeup rate (at constant CO2 capture rate in carbonator of 80 %): High Active fraction of CaO low circulating mass flow required Low energy demand in calciner for heating CaCO3 from 650 to 900 C
9
CirculatingMassenstrom mass flow [t/h] Zirkulierender [t/h]
Kohlestrom Coal mass flow[t/h] [t/h]
ASPEN Results: Efficiency

-2,0 Wirkungsgradeinbue Plant efficiency drop[%-Punkte] [% points]
*
100
X CO 2 =
-2,5
CO 2CL,out Pel, KW + Pel, CL Kohle,KW + m Kohle,CL ) Hu (m

CO 2KW ,RG + CO 2CL,fuel + CO 2CL,makeup

CO [%] [%] 2-Effizienz CO efficiency
95
-3,0
90
-3,5
Plant efficiency drop [% points] Wirkungsgradeinbue CO2 efficiency [%] CO2-Effizienz
85
-4,0 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 Makeup [t/h]
80 175
* without CO2 compression
High Makeup rate (at constant CO2 capture rate in carbonator of 80 %): Lower energy demand for heating solids, but higher energy demand for first calcination of fresh limestone Less CO2 from coal in calciner (i.e. captured by 100 %)
10
Heat Balance of Steam Generator
Boundary conditions:
Steam parameters as in reference plant: SH: 600 C, 285 bar RH: 620 C, 59 bar T > 23 K Feed wate before ECO: 307 C Cooling of flue gas down to 330 C
Results (APROS): Live steam: 476,6 kg/s El. gross power: 636,2 MW (as in ASPEN results)
Calciner
Carbonator
11
ALSTOM CFB Boiler > 200 MWel

Customer Power plant Country Gross [MWel] 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 268 340 290 290 250 250 250 250 208 220 220 250
China Guodian Corp. China Guodian Corp. Qinhuangdao Power Qinhuangdao Power Yunnan Datang Honghe Yunnan Datang Honghe Sichuan Baima Power East Kentucky Power ENEL Reliant Reliant AES Puerto Rico AES Puerto Rico Choctaw Generation Choctaw Generation AES Warrior Run Korea Electric Power Korea Electric Power EdF/Soprolif
Xialongtan Xialongtan Qinhuangdao #6 Qinhuangdao #5 Kaiyuan 1 Kaiyuan 2 Baima Gilbert/Spurlock Sulcis Seward #2 Seward #1 Guayama 1 Guayama 2 Red Hills 1 Red Hills 2 Warrior Run Tonghae 1 Tonghae 2 Provence IV
China China China China China China China USA Italy USA USA Puerto Rico Puerto Rico USA USA USA South Korea South Korea France
Year of commissioning 2007 2007 2007 2007 2006 2006 2005 2004 2004 2004 2004 2002 2002 2001 2001 2000 1998 1998 1995
Fuel
Bituminous coal Bituminous coal Brown coal Brown coal Anthracite Bituminous coal Bituminous coal Bituminous coal Bituminous coal Waste coal Waste coal Bituminous coal Bituminous coal Brown coal Brown coal Bituminous coal Anthracite Anthracite Lignite
12
Largest CFB Boiler

Lagisza/PL 460 MWe CFB ,
Commissioning 2008
293 m2
13
Quelle: Foster Wheeler
Conclusions
Chemical Looping:
restricted suitability for retrofit of existing power plants (CFB) promising option for new power plants with CO2 capture Carbonate Looping: efficiency drop (less than 3 % * ) mainly due to supply of O2, but significantly lower than oxyfuel combustion or MEA scrubbing *plus CO2 compression = in total 6 % efficiency drop well suited for retrofit of existing power plants (repowering)
For further investigation regarding in 1 MWth scale at TU Darmstadt
14
potentially lowest efficiency drop (< 1 % without CO2 compression)
Combustion chamber for exhaust gas generation

Main items for modifications

combustion chamber
Ash container
ignition device chamber (combustion volume) bottom ash separation fly-ashes (blower, filter)
flue gases
bottom ash
blower
15
fabric filter
15
Carbonator
CFB600
Thermal duty height Pressure External diameter Internal diameter Baghouse working T up to 1MW
Baghouse filter Carbonator By-pass
200mbar 1,3 m 0,6 m 140-180 C
Start-up burner Venturi scrubber
CFB600 as Carbonator primary air and flue gas source connection with the calciner dust separation and extraction
16
10 m
Heat exchanger
16
Calciner (or Gasifier)

ACFBG
Thermal duty Flue gas T height External diameter Internal diameter Baghouse working T Reactor pressure 1500 kW 700 - 1000 C 10,5 m 1000 mm 400 mm 300-400 C 0-100MBAR (G)
Flue gases
ACFBG as Calciner pipe connections gasification mode

17
17
Ansichten 3D-Modell
18
CO2-Abscheidung in kohlebefeuerten Kraftwerken mittels Kalkstein
Ansichten 3D-Modell
19
CO2-Abscheidung in kohlebefeuerten Kraftwerken mittels Kalkstein
Acknowledgements
The financial support by the German Ministry of Economics and Technology (BMWi) und the Utility Companies (EON; EnBW; Evonik; RWE)
20

OXYFUEL
Chemical Looping
21
Chemical-Looping Principle N2 CO2 H2O

(1) Air reactor MexOy (1)

Air reactor 2 MexOy-1 + O2 2 MexOy
(2)
Fuel reactor
MexOy-1
(2) Fuel reactor

MexOy + Fuel MexOy-1 + CO2 + H2O
AIR
22
Fuel
Oxyfuel process No energy demand for separation of N2/O2

END
23

Remocion de CO2 Con CaCO3

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Remocion de CO2 Con CaCO3

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Feasibility Study on Carbonate Looping Process for Post Combustion CO2-Capture from Coal fired Power Plants

Prof. Dr.-Ing. B. Epple Energy Systems & Technology www.est.tu-darmstadt.de

Technische Universitt Darmstadt

Prof. Dr.-Ing. B. Epple

Prof. Dr.-Ing. B. Epple

Prof. Dr.-Ing. B. Epple

Energy Systems & Technology

CaCO3 CARBONATOR 650 C CaO CALCINER 900 C Make-up CaCO3

Fuel Flue gas from power plant Ash Deactiveted lime O2

Post-combustion process Energy demand for O2 supply to calciner (~1/3 of oxyfuel)

Prof. Dr.-Ing. B. Epple

Carbonate Looping: Reaktivity of CaO

Energy Systems & Technology

Experiments in batch reactor with cyclic carbonisation/calcination (Abanades, 2002)

Prof. Dr.-Ing. B. Epple

Process Scheme for Retrofit

Energy Systems & Technology

CO2 reduced flue gas Carbonator 650 C Q2 Q4

Source: Romeo et al. Mod. by EST TU Darmstadt

Cold end of reference power plant 1052 MWel

Prof. Dr.-Ing. B. Epple

Reference Power Plant 1052 MWel

Energy Systems & Technology

Power Efficiency Fuel

MWth MWel (net) % (net)

2308 1052 45,6 Hard coal

Prof. Dr.-Ing. B. Epple

ASPEN Model: Carbonate Looping

Energy Systems & Technology

Prof. Dr.-Ing. B. Epple

Energy Systems & Technology

Aim: 80 % CO2 capture in carbonator

Prof. Dr.-Ing. B. Epple

ASPEN Results: Mass Flows

Energy Systems & Technology

zirkulierender Massenstrom [t/h] Circulating mass flow [t/h]

CirculatingMassenstrom mass flow [t/h] Zirkulierender [t/h]

Kohlestrom Coal mass flow[t/h] [t/h]

Prof. Dr.-Ing. B. Epple

ASPEN Results: Efficiency

Energy Systems & Technology

CO 2CL,out Pel, KW + Pel, CL  Kohle,KW + m  Kohle,CL ) Hu (m

CO 2KW ,RG + CO 2CL,fuel + CO 2CL,makeup

-4,0 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 Makeup [t/h]

* without CO2 compression

Prof. Dr.-Ing. B. Epple

Heat Balance of Steam Generator

Energy Systems & Technology

Prof. Dr.-Ing. B. Epple

ALSTOM CFB Boiler > 200 MWel

Energy Systems & Technology

Prof. Dr.-Ing. B. Epple

Largest CFB Boiler

Energy Systems & Technology

Quelle: Foster Wheeler

Prof. Dr.-Ing. B. Epple

Energy Systems & Technology

For further investigation regarding in 1 MWth scale at TU Darmstadt

potentially lowest efficiency drop (< 1 % without CO2 compression)

Combustion chamber for exhaust gas generation

Prof. Dr.-Ing. B. Epple

Main items for modifications

Prof. Dr.-Ing. B. Epple

CO 2CL,out Pel, KW + Pel, CL Kohle,KW + m Kohle,CL ) Hu (m