Search History * #1 dementia (334 records) Record 1 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Difference in blood flow volume

of the common carotid artery between vascul ar and non-vascular dementia detected by colour duplex sonography. AU: Hamada-Tadashi {a}; Takita-Masashi; Kawano-Hideo; Noh-Tomi-Akito; Okayama-M asahiro AD: {a} Dep. Neurology, Imazu Red Cross Hosp., 377 Imazu, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819 -01, Japan SO: Journal-of-Neurology. 1993; 240 (3) 191-194. PY: 1993 DT: ArticleIS: 0340-5354 LA: English AB: Using colour duplex sonography, blood flow volume in the common carotid art ery was measured in 72 demented patients and 28 normal controls. Thirty-five pat ients with a Hachinski's ischaemic score of 7 or above and marked ischaemic lesi ons on CT were assigned to the vascular dementia (VD) group. Thirty-three patien ts with probable Alzheimer's disease according to the NINCDS-ADRDA criteria, 2 p atients with Parkinson's disease, 1 patient with spinocerebellar degeneration, a nd 1 patient with Pick's disease were assigned to the non-vascular dementia (non VD) group. The sum of blood flow volume in the bilateral common carotid arteries (CCA flow) in the nonVD group and in the VD group was lower than that in the co ntrol group. The CCA flow in the VD group was lower than that in the nonVD group . Comparison of patients matched for both age and the Hasegawa's dementia rating scale also revealed lower CCA flow in the VD group than in the nonVD group. Lin ear discriminant function analysis showed that nearly 90% of the demented patien ts were correctly diagnosed as having VD or as having nonVD. These results show the usefulness of colour duplex sonography in the differential diagnosis of pati ents with dementia. AI: Y MC: Behavior-; Cardiovascular-Medicine (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Card iovascular-System (Transport-and-Circulation); Morphology-; Neurology- (Human-Me dicine, Medical-Sciences); Physiology-; Psychiatry- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sci ences) ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: human- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesMI: ALZHEIMER'S-DISEASE; COLOR-DUPLEX-SONOGRAPHY AN: 199396001864 Record 2 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Dementia in elderly Malays: Preliminary findings of a community survey. AU: Kua-E-H AD: Dep. Psychol. Med., Natl. Univ. Hosp., Lower Kent Ridge Rd., Singapore 0511 , Singapore SO: Singapore-Medical-Journal. 1993; 34 (1) 26-28. PY: 1993 DT: ArticleIS: 0037-5675 LA: English AB: This is a study of the prevalence of dementia in elderly Malays living in t he Eunos district of Singapore. The subjects included all Malays 65 years and mo re living in public housing, and they were first interviewed and screened for an y cognitive deficit using the Malay version of the Elderly Cognitive Assessment Questionnaire (ECAQ). All those who scored 5 or less in the ECAQ). All those who

scored 5 or less in the ECAQ were assessed again with a more detailed questionn aire called the Geriatric Mental State (GMS) schedule. This is the preliminary r esults of 149 subjects interviewed -77 men 72 women. Data from the GMS were anal yzed by a computer diagnostic programme, AGECAT. There were only 6 cases of deme ntia and the overall prevalence of dementia in the sample was estimated as 4.0%. In the age group 65 to 74 years the rate was 2.5% and this increased to 10.3% i n those 75 years and more. The prevalence of dementia in elderly Malays is highe r than elderly Chinese in Singapore, but it is similar to the results of studies in New York and Liverpool. All the subjects with dementia were living with thei r families and they had good social resources. AI: Y MC: Behavior-; Epidemiology- (Population-Studies); Geriatrics- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Psychiatry- ( Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences) ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: human- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesGE: Singapore- (Asia-, Oriental-region) AN: 199395136596 Record 3 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Epidemiology of Alzheimer's presenile dementia in Scotland, 1974-1988. AU: McGonigal-Gerard; Thomas-Brenda; McQuade-Cecilia; Starr-John-M; MacLennan-W illiam-J; Whalley-Lawrence-J {a} AD: {a} Dep. Ment. Health, Univ. Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB9 2ZD, Scotl., UK SO: British-Medical-Journal. 1993; 306 (6879) 680-683. PY: 1993 DT: ArticleIS: 0959-8138 LA: English AB: Objective: To describe the epidemiology of presenile Alzheimer's disease in Scotland from 1974 to 1988. Design: Retrospective review of hospital records of patients aged less than 73 years admitted to psychiatric hospital with various diagnoses of dementia. Diagnoses were classified by National Institute for Commu nicative Disorders and Stroke and Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Asso ciation Criteria and the Hachinski score. Completeness of the study sample was e valuated by scrutiny of neurology outpatient and general hospital records. Setti ng: All general psychiatric hospitals in Scotland. Subjects: All patients with o nset of dementia aged 40-64. Main outcome measures: Probable and broad Alzheimer 's disease, sex of patients, age at onset. Results: 5874 psychiatric hospital re cords, 129 neurology outpatient records, and 89 records from non-psychiatric hos pitals were examined. 317 patients met criteria for probable Alzheimer's disease , 569 met criteria for broad Alzheimer's disease, and 267 met those for multi-in farct dementia. Minimal incidences per 100,000 population aged 40-64 years were 22.6 (95% confidence intervals, 20.2 to 25.2) and 40.5 (38.9 to 42.3) per 100,00 0 for probable and broad Alzheimer's disease. In the 1981 census year the annual incidence of probable Alzheimer's disease was 1.6 (1.0 to 2.6). Women were grea ter risks with incidence rates for probable Alzheimer's disease of 28.2 (24.5 to 32.4) per 100,000 compared with 16.5 (13.8 to 19.8) per 100,000 for men. The in cidence per 100,000 for multi-infarct dementia was greater in men (25.1, 23.3 to 27.1) than women (13.4, 12.1 to 14.8). Conclusion: Female sex seems to be posit ively associated with development of Alzheimer's disease before age 65 years. AI: Y MC: Behavior-; Epidemiology- (Population-Studies); Genetics-; Geriatrics- (Huma n-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Ps ychiatry- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Public-Health (Allied-Medical-Scie nces) ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: human- (Hominidae-)

TN: GE: MI: AN:

animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesUK- (Europe-, Palearctic-region) AGE-; MULTI-INFARCT-DEMENTIA; SEX199395136590

Record 4 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Vehicle crash involvement and cognitive deficit in older drivers. AU: Cooper-Peter-J {a}; Tallman-Karen; Tuokko-Holly; Beattie-B-Lynn AD: {a} Insurance Corporation, British Columbia SO: Journal-of-Safety-Research. 1993; 24 (1) 9-17. PY: 1993 DT: ArticleIS: 0022-4375 LA: English AB: The driving records of 165 older persons who were classified as having deme ntia in a clinic assessment were examined in this study. These records were comp ared with those of a stratified random sample selected from the population of dr ivers in British Columbia (Canada). The dementia group was found to have been in volved in over twice the number of collisions as their controls were during iden tical time periods. Further, over 80% of the dementia group who experienced a cr ash event (and who were almost all judged at fault) continued driving for up to 3 years following the event, and during this time over one third of these had at least one more accident. AI: Y MC: Epidemiology- (Population-Studies); Geriatrics- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sc iences); Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Occupational-Health (All ied-Medical-Sciences); Pollution-Assessment-Control-and-Management; Psychiatry(Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences) ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: human- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesGE: British-Columbia (Canada-, North-America, Nearctic-region); Canada- (NorthAmerica, Nearctic-region) MI: DEMENTIA-; SAFETY-RESEARCH AN: 199395136459 Record 5 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Methodological issues in surveying older persons concerning drug use. AU: Mishara-Brian-L {a}; McKim-William AD: {a} Psychology Dep., Lab. Res. Social Human Ecology, Univ. Quebec Montreal, Case Postale 8888, Succursale "A," Montreal, Quebec H3C 3P8, Canada SO: International-Journal-of-the-Addictions. 1993; 28 (4) 305-326. PY: 1993 DT: ArticleIS: 0020-773X LA: English AB: Despite beliefs that surveys involving older persons are less valid than th ose with other groups (due to memory loss, etc.), empirical verifications do not support this. Certain factors related to reduced validity must be considered (e .g., little education) and the confounding factors of cohort and time of measure ment must be evaluated. Persons presumably suffering from dementia and instituti onal residents may be needlessly excluded. Methods suggested for improving valid ity include: sampling techniques, proxy respondents, administration and instrume ntation, and interviewer variables. It is important to cross-validate data from surveys by using several concurrent methods. Instruments developed with younger subjects may be inappropriate or invalid with elders. AI: Y MC: Behavior-; Geriatrics- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Psychiatry- (Hum

an-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Public-Health (Allied-Medical-Sciences); Toxicol ogyST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: Hominidae- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesMI: HUMAN-ELDERLY; RESEARCH-METHOD; STATISTICAL-METHOD; VALIDITYAN: 199395136168 Record 6 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Serum lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins in patients with senile deme ntia. AU: Kuriyama-Masaru; Hokezu-Youichi; Togo-Seiji; Nagata-Kazuya; Takahashi-Kaneh isa; Igakura-Takeshi; Osame-Mitsuhiro AD: Third Dep. Internal Med., Kagoshima Univ., Sch. Med., Japan SO: Japanese-Journal-of-Geriatrics. 1992; 29 (7-8) 559-564. PY: 1992 DT: ArticleIS: 0300-9173 LA: Japanese; Non-English LS: Japanese; English AB: Serum lipid, lipoprotein, apolipoprotein, and sterol profiles were studied in 22 patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT) and 29 patients with vascular dementia (VD). Levels of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HD L-C) were lower in both patients groups of SDAT and VD than in control group. Ap olipoprotein AI and AII are two major proteins in HDL. In this study, apolipopro tein AI levels were normal, but apolipoprotein AII levels were lower in the pati ent groups, especially in the VD group, than in the control group. Lipoprotein(a ) levels were higher in both patient groups, especially in the VD group. There w ere no differences of cholesterol, cholesterol precursors (desmosterol and latho sterol), and plant sterols (campesterol and beta-sitosterol) among the three gro ups. Murine apolipoprotein AII is a serum precursor of murine senile amyloid pro tein, and the apolipoprotein AII variant with proline fwdarw glutamine substitut ion at position 5 in the serum of accelerated senecence-prone mice is identical to the murine senile amyloid fibril protein from amyloid-deposited tissues of th ese mice. In human SDAT and VD, the reason for the low level of apolipoprotein A II remains unclear. AI: Y MC: Behavior-; Cardiovascular-Medicine (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Geri atrics- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Metabolism-; Psychiatry- (Human-Medi cine, Medical-Sciences) ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: Hominidae- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesMI: VASCULAR-PATHOLOGY AN: 199395136094 Record 7 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Diagnostic accuracy of single photon emission CT in Alzheimer-type dementia . AU: Hanyu-Haruo {a}; Abe-Shinei {a}; Arai-Hsayuki {a}; Asano-Tetsuichi {a}; Iwa moto-Toshihiko {a}; Takasaki-Masaru {a}; Suzuki-Takanari AD: {a} Dep. Geriatric Med., Tokyo Med. Coll., Japan SO: Japanese-Journal-of-Geriatrics. 1992; 29 (6) 463-468. PY: 1992 DT: ArticleIS: 0300-9173 LA: Japanese; Non-English LS: Japanese; English

AB: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of single photon emission computed tom ography (SPECT) with 123I-IMP in Alzheimer-type dementia (ATD), we studied 46 AT D patients and 23 healthy controls. The patients fulfilled the NINCDS-ADRDA crit eria for probable or definite ATD and were classified as having mild, moderate, and severe ATD by neuropsychological examinations. To assess regional cerebral b lood flow, we performed qualitative SPECT image analysis without any knowledge o f the subject's clinical classification. The image was regarded as abnormal if c erebral blood flow was reduced in the unilateral or bilateral temporoparietal as sociation areas, with or without any reduction of flow in other brain regions. T he diagnostic sensitivity (abnormal image/patient) of 123I-IMP SPECT in mild, mo derate, and severe ATD was 67%, 86%, and 92%, respectively. The specificity (nor mal image/control) was 91%, because an abnormal image was found in only 2/23 hea lthy controls. Eight ATD patients without reduced temporoparietal perfusion show ed normal perfusion or frontal hypoperfusion. These results suggest that 123I-IM P SPECT may provide an accurate and sensitive diagnostic marker for ATD. The det ection of these characteristic abnormalities of cerebral perfusion could well be applied to the clinical diagnosis of ATD. AI: Y MC: Blood-and-Lymphatics (Transport-and-Circulation); Cardiovascular-System (Tr ansport-and-Circulation); Geriatrics- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Method s-and-Techniques; Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Pathology-; Psy chiatry- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Radiology- (Medical-Sciences) ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: human- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesMI: CEREBRAL-BLOOD-FLOW; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; DIAGNOSTIC-METHOD; PATHOPHYSIOLOG Y-; SINGLE-PHOTON-EMISSION-COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY AN: 199395136093 Record 8 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Effect of education on the clock-drawing dementia screen in non-demented el derly persons. AU: Ainsile-Nina-K {a}; Murden-Robert-A AD: {a} VA Med. Cent., Ambulatory Care 11 C, 4801 Linwood Blvd., Kansas City, M O 64128, USA SO: Journal-of-the-American-Geriatrics-Society. 1993; 41 (3) 249-252. PY: 1993 DT: ArticleIS: 0002-8614 LA: English AB: Objective: To examine the effect of education on clockdrawing ability in no n-demented elderly persons. Design, Setting, Participants: Descriptive study of 187 elderly persons, 77 demented, 110 non-demented, 54 with 9+ years of eduction , 133 with 8 or fewer years of education, from three university medical center g eriatric divisions. Measurements: Subjects took the Folstein Mini-Mental State E xam and were asked to draw a clock showing a time of 3 o'clock. Clocks were scor ed using three previously described scoring scales (Shulman, Sunderland, and Wol f-Klein). Mean scores and proportions of normal and abnormal clocks were compare d for well and poorly educated non-demented subjects. Sensitivities and specific ities for detecting dementia were calculated. Results: Mean scores of the well e ducated non-demented subjects were significantly better than mean scores of the poorly educated non-demented subjects on all three scales. However, proportions of abnormal clocks were not significantly different between well and poorly educ ated on the Wolf-Klein scale. For the poorly educated subgroup, sensitivity and specificity for detecting dementia by clock drawing were 90% and 42% by the Shul man scale, 74% and 44% by the Sunderland scale, and 48% and 90% by the Wolk-Klei n scale. Conclusions: Clock-drawing ability is affected by education in non-deme nted elderly persons. The scoring method of Wolf-Klein is least educationally af fected and maximizes specificity for detecting dementia but has low sensitivity.

Educational effects make clock drawing a poor single screening test for dementi a in a poorly educated population. AI: Y MC: Behavior-; Geriatrics- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Neurology- (Huma n-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Pathology-; Psychiatry- (Human-Medicine, MedicalSciences); Sense-Organs (Sensory-Reception) ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: human- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesMI: GERIATRICS-; SUNDERLAND-SCALE; VISUOSPATIAL-SKILL; WOLF-KLEIN-SCALE AN: 199395136085 Record 9 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Physical morbidity in older people with moderate, severe and profound menta l handicap, and its relation to psychiatric morbidity. AU: Moss-S {a}; Goldberg-D; Patel-P; Wilkin-D AD: {a} Hester Adrian Res. Centre, University Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchest er M13 9PL, UK SO: Social-Psychiatry-and-Psychiatric-Epidemiology. 1993; 28 (1) 32-39. PY: 1993 DT: ArticleIS: 0933-7954 LA: English AB: This report describes a study of physical health problems and their relatio n to psychiatric morbidity in a community sample of 105 people with severe menta l handicap and over the age of 50 years from a Metropolitan Borough. An extensiv e outreach exercise ensured that almost 100% of people fulfilling the age and ab ility criteria were included in the study. All the physical and mental health as sessments were carried out by a psychiatrist at senior registrar level. Physical assessments used a combination of physical examination and access to the subjec t's medical records. Results showed that, with minor exceptions, the physical he alth of the handicapped population was no worse than that of controls. Contrary to expectation, no relationship was demonstrated between physical and psychiatri c morbidity. However, this may be due to the greater difficulty in identifying p sychiatric morbidity in people who are more severely handicapped. Since physical health problems increase with level of handicap, the potential relation between physical and mental health is masked. AI: Y MC: Behavior-; Pathology-; Psychiatry- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences) ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: Hominidae- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesMI: DEMENTIAAN: 199395136056 Record 10 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Autoradiographic demonstration of an increase in muscarinic cholinergic rec eptors in cerebellar granule cells treated with tetrahydroaminoacridine. AU: Sunaga-Katsuyoshi; Chuang-De-Maw; Ishitani-Ryoichi {a} AD: {a} Group Neuropharmacology, Josai Univ., Sakado, Saitama 350-02, Japan SO: Neuroscience-Letters. 1993; 151 (1) 45-47. PY: 1993 DT: ArticleIS: 0304-3940 LA: English AB: The neurotrophic and neurosurviving effects of 9-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroac ridine (THA), a putative antidementia agent, were studied in cultured granule ce lls using biochemical and morphological methods. The addition of 30 mu-M THA to

cultures grown in 15 mM K+-containing media markedly increased cell survival and enhanced (3H)N-methylscopolamine binding to muscarinic cholinergic receptors (m AChRs). Furthermore, receptor autoradiographic studies revealed that neuronal ce lls were labelled over both cell bodies and fibers by the (3H)receptor ligand. T hese observations provide direct evidence that THA promotes the expression of mA ChR binding sites in differentiating cerebellar granule cells. AI: Y MC: Cell-Biology; Development-; Endocrine-System (Chemical-Coordination-and-Hom eostasis); Membranes- (Cell-Biology); Metabolism-; Nervous-System (Neural-Coordi nation); Pathology-; PharmacologyST: Muridae-: Rodentia-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: rat- (Muridae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; mammals-; nonhuman-mammals; nonhuman-vertebrates; rod ents-; vertebratesCB: 9-AMINO-1-2-3-4-TETRAHYDROACRIDINE RN: 321-64-2: 9-AMINO-1 2 3 4-TETRAHYDROACRIDINE MI: ALZHEIMER'S-DISEASE; ANTIPSYCHOTIC-DRUG; BINDING-SITE-EXPRESSION; DEMENTIA; DIFFERENTIATION-; NEUROSURVIVAL-; NEUROTROPHY-; PHARMACODYNAMICS-; 9=AMINO-1-2 -3-4-TETRAHYDROACRIDINE AN: 199395135299 Record 11 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Reducing antipsychotic drug use in nursing homes: A controlled trial of pro vider education. AU: Ray-Wayne-A {a}; Taylor-Jo-A; Meador-Keith-G; Lichtenstein-Michael-J; Griff in-Marie-R; Fought-Randy; Adams-Margaret-L; Blazer-Dan-G AD: {a} Dep. Preventive Med., Vanderbilt Univ. Sch. Med., Nashville, TN 37232, USA SO: Archives-of-Internal-Medicine. 1993; 153 (6) 713-721. PY: 1993 DT: ArticleIS: 0003-9926 LA: English AB: Objective: In the United States, 20% or more of nursing home residents rece ive antipsychotic drugs, primarily for the behavioral manifestations of dementia . This high level of use of drugs with substantial toxicity has engendered a str ong and persistent controversy and recently has led to explicit regulatory measu res to curtail use (Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987). We developed and tested a comprehensive program to reduce antipsychotic use through education of physicians, nurses, and other nursing home staff. The primary elements of the p rogram were instruction in use of behavioral techniques to manage behavior probl ems and encouragement of a trial of gradual antipsychotic withdrawal. Design: In a nonrandomized controlled trial, the program was implemented (beginning in Aug ust 1990) in two rural Tennessee community nursing homes with elevated antipsych otic use; two other comparable homes were selected as concurrent controls. Patie nts: Throughout the study 194 residents were in the education homes and 184 were in the control homes. Residents in both groups of homes had comparable demograp hic characteristics and functional status, and each group had a baseline rate of 29 days of antipsychotic use per 100 days of nursing home residence. Main Outco me Measures: The primary end points were postintervention changes in administrat ion of antipsychotics and other psychotropic drugs, use of physical restraints, and frequency of behavior problems. Results: Days of antipsychotic use decreased by 72% in the education homes vs 13% in the control homes (P lt .001). No signi ficant changes were noted in the use of other psychotropic drugs in either group . Days of physical restraint use decreased 36% in the education homes vs 5% in t he control homes (P lt .001). Behavior problem frequency did not increase in eit her group, even among the 48% of baseline antipsychotic users in the education h omes who had antipsychotic drug regimens discontinued for 3 or more months. Conc lusions: The educational program led to a substantial reduction in antipsychotic

use with no increase in the frequency of behavior problems. This suggests that for many antipsychotic drug users benefits may be marginal and that programs to reduce such drug use among the 250,000 US nursing home residents receiving these drugs should have high priority. AI: Y MC: Geriatrics- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Pharmacology-; Public-Health (Allied-Medical-Sciences); Toxi cologyST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: Hominidae- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesMI: DEMENTIA-; DRUG-WITHDRAWAL; SIDE-EFFECT AN: 199395135290 Record 12 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Single-dose and steady-state pharmacokinetics of sabeluzole in senile demen tia of Alzheimer type patients. AU: De-Deyn-P-P; Van-De-Velde-V {a}; Verslegers-W; Saerens-J; Pickut-B-A; Clinc ke-B; Woestenborghs-R; Van-Peer-A AD: {a} Dep. Drug Metabolism Pharmacokinetics, Janssen Res. Foundation, Turnhou tseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium SO: European-Journal-of-Clinical-Pharmacology. 1992; 43 (6) 661-662. PY: 1992 DT: ArticleIS: 0031-6970 LA: English AB: The single- and repeated-dose pharmacokinetics of sabeluzole have been dete rmined in six elderly patients with (senile) dementia of the Alzheimer type. Aft er a single oral dose of 10 mg sabeluzole, the peak plasma concentration was att ained at 1 to 4 h; it averaged 42 ng cntdot ml-1. On repeated dosing (10 mg b.d. ), steady-state was virtually attained after 3 days of treatment. Steady-state m ean trough and peak plasma concentrations fluctuated between 53 and 94 ng cntdot ml-1. The mean terminal half-life after a single dose and at steady-state was o f the order of 33 h. Sabeluzole was well tolerated and at the end of treatment, on systematic changes in blood haematology, biochemistry or urinalysis were seen . AI: Y MC: Behavior-; Clinical-Chemistry (Allied-Medical-Sciences); Geriatrics- (Human -Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Pat hology-; Pharmacology-; Psychiatry- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences) ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: human- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesCB: SABELUZOLERN: 104383-17-7: SABELUZOLE MI: COGNITION-ENHANCER; ELDERLY-; TOLERABILITY-; TREATMENTAN: 199395135272 Record 13 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: ntia AU: AD: SO: PY: DT: IS: LA: Thyrotropin response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in patients with deme of the Alzheimer type. Albert-Marilyn {a}; Jenike-Michael; Nixon-Ralph; Nobel-Kenneth {a} Dep. Psychiatry, Mass. General Hosp., CNY-9, Boston, MA 02114, USA Biological-Psychiatry. 1993; 33 (4) 267-271. 1993 Article0006-3223 English

AB: Eleven patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type and 11 age-match ed control subjects were given the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) test. The two groups did not differ with respect to peak thyrotropin (TSH) response or TS H levels at baseline, 20, 30, and 45 min after TRH injection. There were signifi cant differences between the groups on Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores ( p lt 0.03), although neither group met clinical criteria for depression. Items t hat were significantly different pertained to depressed mood, loss of interest, loss of insight, suicidal ideation, and obsessional symptoms. AI: Y MC: Behavior-; Endocrine-System (Chemical-Coordination-and-Homeostasis); Neurol ogy- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Pharmacology-; Psychiatry- (Human-Medic ine, Medical-Sciences); ToxicologyST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: Hominidae- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesCB: THYROTROPINRN: 9002-71-5: THYROTROPIN MI: DEPRESSION-; HORMONE-DRUG; OBSESSIONAL-SYMPTOM; SIDE-EFFECT; SUICIDAL-IDEAT ION AN: 199395135247 Record 14 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: The effect of amiridin and tacrin, drugs effective in Alzheimer's disease, on uptake of neurotransmitters by synaptosomes. AU: Burov-Yu-V; Baimanov-T-D; Maisov-N-I AD: All-Union Sci. Cent. Biol. Act. Subst., Moscow, Russia SO: Byulleten'-Eksperimental'noi-Biologii-i-Meditsiny. 1992; 113 (4) 379-381. PY: 1992 DT: ArticleIS: 0365-9615 LA: Russian; Non-English LS: English AB: The study of the drugs effective in the treatment of cognitive deficits and memory loss associated with senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type - tacrin an d amiridin, acetylcholinesterase inhibitor physostigmine and nootrop piracetam o n uptake of 3H-serotonin (3H-5-HT), 3H-adrenaline (3H-AD), 3H-noradrenaline (3HHA), 2H-dopamine (3H-DA), 3H-gamma-aminobuteric acid (3H-GABA), 3H-glutamic acid (3H-GLU), 3H-aspartic acid (3H-ASP)0 and 3H-glycine (3H-GLI) showed that tacrin and amiridin (5 times 10-5 M) statistically significantly (P lt 0.05) inhibited the uptake of 3H-DA and 3H-5-HT. Physostigmine at concentrations 5 times 10-4 M statistically significantly (P lt 0.05) inhibited uptake of 3H-5-HT only. Pirac etam at concentration range 1-5 times 10-3 M had no effect on uptake of all inve stigated neurotransmitters. The above finding suggest that the uptake of neurotr ansmitter in nerve terminals is not the main target of amiridin and tactin. AI: Y MC: Behavior-; Enzymology- (Biochemistry-and-Molecular-Biophysics); Metabolism; Nervous-System (Neural-Coordination); PharmacologyCB: AMIRIDIN-; PHYSOSTIGMINE-; PIRACETAM-; SEROTONIN-; EPINEPHRINE-; NOREPINEPH RINE-; DOPAMINE-; GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC-ACID; GLUTAMIC-ACID; ASPARTIC-ACID; GLYCINE RN: 90043-86-0: AMIRIDIN; 57-47-6: PHYSOSTIGMINE; 7491-74-9: PIRACETAM; 50-67-9 : SEROTONIN; 51-43-4: EPINEPHRINE; 51-41-2: NOREPINEPHRINE; 51-61-6: DOPAMINE; 5 6-12-2: GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID; 56-86-0: GLUTAMIC ACID; 56-84-8: ASPARTIC ACID; 56-40-6: GLYCINE MI: ASPARTIC-ACID; COGNITIVE-DEFICITS; DOPAMINE-; EPINEPHRINE-; GAMMA=AMINOBUTY RIC-ACID; GLUTAMIC-ACID; GLYCINE-; MEMORY-LOSS; NOREPINEPHRINE-; PHYSOSTIGMINE-; PIRACETAM-; SENILE-DEMENTIA; SEROTONINAN: 199395135221

Record 15 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: D-cycloserine attenuates scopolamine-induced learning and memory deficits i n rats. AU: Fishkin-R-J {a}; Ince-E-S; Carlezon-W-A-Jr; Dunn-R-W AD: {a} Hoechst-Roussel Pharmaceuticals Inc., Route 202-206, P.O. Box 2500, Som erville, NJ 08876-1258 SO: Behavioral-and-Neural-Biology. 1993; 59 (2) 150-157. PY: 1993 DT: ArticleIS: 0163-1047 LA: English AB: The muscarinic antagonist scopolamine (SCOP; 1.0 mg/kg, ip) impaired both t he acquisition of a learning task in the Morris water maze (MWM) and choice accu racy in the T-maze reinforced alternation procedure in rats. Acetylcholinesteras e inhibitors (AChEIs) have been shown to attenuate these deficits. D-Cysloserine (DCS), a partial agonist at the strychnine-insensitive glycine site on the N-me thyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor complex, was investigated for its effects on SC OP-induced dementia in the MWM and T-maze paradigms. Combined administration of SCOP and DCS (3.0, 10.0, or 30.0 mg/kg, ip; 30 min pretreat) significantly rever sed SCOP-induced deficits in the T-maze as measured by percentage correct choice s. In addition, DCS (3.0 or 10.0 mg/kg, ip) significantly attenuated SCOP-induce d deficits in the MWM as measured by latency to find the submerged platform. For comparison, the long-acting acetylcholinesterase inhibitor galanthamine (GAL) w as tested in the T-maze (1.25, 2.5, or 5.0 mg/kg, ip) and the MWM (2.5 or 5.0 mg /kg, ip). GAL attenuated SCOP-induced deficits in both learning and memory model s similar to DCS. These data suggest that the strychnine-insensitive partial gly cine agonist, D-cycloserine, may be efficacious in disease states of central cho linergic hypofunction such as Alzheimer's disease. AI: Y MC: Behavior-; Nervous-System (Neural-Coordination); Pathology-; PharmacologyST: Muridae-: Rodentia-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: Muridae- (Muridae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; mammals-; nonhuman-vertebrates; nonhuman-mammals; rod ents-; vertebratesCB: D-CYCLOSERINE; SCOPOLAMINERN: 68-41-7: D-CYCLOSERINE; 51-34-3: SCOPOLAMINE MI: ACQUISITION-; ALZHEIMER'S-DISEASE; AUTONOMIC-DRUG; CENTRAL-CHOLINERGIC-HYPO FUNCTION; COGNITIVE-DEFECT AN: 199395135202 Record 16 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Lung uptake of technetium-99m HMPAO in cigarette smokers expressed by lung/ liver activity ratio. AU: Shih-Wei-Jen {a}; Rehm-Stanley-R; Grunwald-Frank; Coupal-John-J; Biersack-H ans-J; Berger-Rolando; Lai-Yih-Loong; Ryo-U-Yun; Dillon-Marcus-L AD: {a} Nucl. Med. Serv., Dep. Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, KY 4 0511, USA SO: Clinical-Nuclear-Medicine. 1993; 18 (3) 227-230. PY: 1993 DT: ArticleIS: 0363-9762 LA: English AB: Tc-99m HMPAO, a lipophilic radiopharmaceutical used for brain imaging, has been reported to localize in smokers' lungs. To quantitate this uptake in the lu ng, 55 patients, who were referred for brain imaging for dementias or strokes, a lso underwent lung imaging (anterior lung imaging includes a large part of the l iver) after IV injection of the radiopharmaceutical. Regions of interest over th

e liver and the lung were calculated. Of the 55 patients (ages 13-79), 30 were s mokers and 25 were nonsmokers. The smokers had been smoking from 6-59 years, and daily cigarette consumption ranged from 8-50 cigarettes. The mean lung/liver ra tio for smoking patients was 0.792 +- 0.042 (SE); the mean lung/liver ratio for nonsmoking patients was 0.408 +- 0.019 (SE). Lung/liver ratio uptake was signifi cantly higher in the smoking patients (P lt 0.01) than in the nonsmokers. Thus, lung/liver uptake of Tc-99m HMPAO may be used as an indicator of cigarette smoki ng. AI: Y MC: Digestive-System (Ingestion-and-Assimilation); Morphology-; Neurology- (Hum an-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Pathology-; Pharmacology-; Psychiatry- (Human-Me dicine, Medical-Sciences); Respiratory-System (Respiration-); ToxicologyST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: human- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesCB: TECHNETIUM-99M RN: 14133-76-7: TECHNETIUM-99M MI: BRAIN-IMAGING; DEMENTIA-; DIAGNOSTIC-DRUG; TECHNETIUM-99M-HEXAMETHYLPROPYLE NE-AMINE-OXIME AN: 199395135190 Record 17 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Temporal sequence of plaque formation in the cerebral cortex of non-demente d individuals. AU: Sparks-D-Larry {a}; Liu-Huaichen; Scheff-Stephen-W; Coyne-Carolyn-M; Hunsak er-John-C AD: {a} 203 Sanders-Brown Bldg., UKMC, Lexington, KY 40536-0230, USA SO: Journal-of-Neuropathology-and-Experimental-Neurology. 1993; 52 (2) 135-142. PY: 1993 DT: ArticleIS: 0022-3069 LA: English AB: One of the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease is the presence of argyrophilic plaques (arg-P) accompanying dementia and other forms of cognitive alterations. In the present investigation 195 non-demented, cognitively normal patients were grouped according to the presence or absence of critical coronary artery diseas e (cCAD), defined as a 75% or greater stenosis of one of the epicardial arteries . None of the subjects had significant cerebral vascular disease. The parahippoc ampal gyrus (PHG) and frontal pole were analyzed for the presence of arg-P, A4 d eposition, ALZ-50 immunoreactive (IR) neurons and neuropil threads (NT). Individ uals with cCAD have a significantly greater incidence of plaques than non-heart disease (non-HD) subjects. Every cCAD subject had ALZ-50 IR neurons in the PHG a nd a greater incidence of NT as compared to the non-HD subjects. Every subject w ith plaques also had IR neurons and NT in the PHG. Based on the presumption that early neurodegeneration labeled by ALZ-50 antibody and amyloid deposition are i n some way linked, then the sequence of plaque formation is initiated by the pre sence of ALZ-50 IR neurons followed in order by NT, A4 deposition and diffuse fo rm arg-P. AI: Y MC: Cardiovascular-Medicine (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Clinical-Immuno logy (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Metabolism-; Nervous-System (Neural-Coo rdination) ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: human- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesMI: ALZ-50-ANTIBODY; ARGYROPHILIC-PLAQUE; CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; FRONTAL-POLE ; PARAHIPPOCAMPAL-GYRUS; PROTEIN-A4 AN: 199395134235

Record 18 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Physiologically active brain proteins as possible markers of mental illness . AU: Burbaeva-G-Sh AD: All-Union Sci. Cent. Psychiatr. Health, Acad. Med. Sci. Russ., Moscow, Russ ia SO: Vestnik-Rossiiskoi-Akademii-Meditsinskikh-Nauk. 1992; 0 (7) 51-54. PY: 1992 DT: ArticleLA: Russian; Non-English LS: English AB: It has been shown that there is a decrease in the content and activity of t hree neurospecific proteins (neurospecific enolase - NSE, glial fibrillar acid p rotein - GFAP and creatine kinase CK BB) in various structures of the postmortal brain of schizophrenic patients and those with senile dementia and Alzheimer's disease. The differences in the intensity and localization of these disorders in the above patients' groups have been detected. A previously unknown component o f a pathological process in the brain, indicated by the decrease of the CK conte nt and activity has been discovered. It is suggested that the decrease of the co ntent of CK BB results in the development of energy deficit in the brain in pati ents with mental disorders. AI: Y MC: Behavior-; Biochemistry-and-Molecular-Biophysics; Enzymology- (Biochemistry -and-Molecular-Biophysics); Nervous-System (Neural-Coordination); Neurology- (Hu man-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Psychiatry- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences) ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: human- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesCB: ENOLASERN: 9014-08-8: ENOLASE MI: ALZHEIMER'S-DISEASE; CREATINE-KINASE; ENERGY-DEFICIENCY; GLIAL-FIBRILLAR-AC ID-PROTEIN; NEUROSPECIFIC-ENOLASE; SCHIZOPHRENIA-; SENILE-DEMENTIA AN: 199395134162 Record 19 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Two-Hz wide EEG bands in Alzheimer's disease. AU: Martin-Loeches-Manuel; Gil-Pedro; Rubia-Francisco-Jose {a} AD: {a} Dep. Fisiologia Humana, Facultad Med., Univ. Complutense Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain SO: Biological-Psychiatry. 1993; 33 (3) 153-159. PY: 1993 DT: ArticleIS: 0006-3223 LA: English AB: Twenty Alzheimer's Disease (AD) patients in a mild to moderate stage of the disease and 20 control subjects were compared in 17 2-hz wide bands from the el ectrodes 01, 02, P3, P4, T5, T6, F3, F4, F7, F8, Fp1, and Fp2. Differences reach ed statistical significance for 0-2 and 4-6 Hz bands, where AD patients presente d highest power values. The AD group was divided into two groups according to th e stage of disease. Both groups of patients presented 0-2 Hz increase in frontal , right parieto-temporal, and occipital areas. The increase in 4-6 Hz bond was m ainly over frontal areas in both groups and over left parietal region in moderat e AD patients. These results and those relative to dominant frequency and crosso ver frequency between groups are discussed according to previous results with co nventional and 2-Hz wide bands in AD patients in a severe stage of the disease. AI: Y MC: Behavior-; Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Psychiatry- (Huma n-Medicine, Medical-Sciences)

ST: OR: TN: MI: AN:

Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, Animaliahuman- (Hominidae-) animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesBRAIN-MAPPING; DEMENTIA-; DISEASE-SEVERITY; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY199395133930

Record 20 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Cognitive functions and brain structures: A quantitative study of CSF volum es on Alzheimer patients and healthy control subjects. AU: Wahlund-Lars-Olof; Andersson-Lundman-Gunni; Basun-Hans; Almkvist-Ove; Bjork sten-Karin-Sparring; Saaf-Jan; Wetterberg-Lennart AD: Karolinska Inst., Box 12500 S-11281, Stockholm, Sweden SO: Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging. 1993; 11 (2) 169-174. PY: 1993 DT: ArticleIS: 0730-725X LA: English AB: In the present study we have investigated the connection between cerebrospi nal fluid spaces and cognitive function in patients with senile dementia of Alzh eimer type (SDAT) and in successfully aged control subjects. The cerebrospinal f luid (CSF) volumes were measured using a low field MRI techniques, and the cogni tive functions were assessed with a number of psychometric tests. We found that the SDAT patients showed significantly larger relative volumes in all examined C SF spaces. The largest differences between the groups were found in the volumes of the temporal horns. We also found a significant correlation between the relat ive CSF volumes in the basal parts of the brain, and episodic memory tests. Sign ificant correlation were also detected between the relative volumes of the later al ventricles, and degree of dementia as well as between the relative volumes of the lateral ventricles and episodic memory tests. AI: Y MC: Geriatrics- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Pathology-; Physiology-; Psychiatry- (Human-Medicine, Medica l-Sciences) ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: Hominidae- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesMI: ALZHEIMER'S-DISEASE; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; HUMAN-ELDERLY; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE -IMAGING; SENILE-DEMENTIA AN: 199395133917 Record 21 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Contributing factors to intellectual impairment in patients with multiple l acunar infarctions. AU: Hanyu-Haruo {a}; Abe-Shinei {a}; Arai-Hisayuki {a}; Kubo-Hideki {a}; Shimiz u-Nobuya {a}; Iwamoto-Toshihiko {a}; Takasaki-Masaru {a}; Fujita-Ryuichi; Tomori -Chiyuki; Motegi-Akira AD: {a} Dep. Geriatric Med., Tokyo Med. Coll., Japan SO: Japanese-Journal-of-Geriatrics. 1992; 29 (4) 298-304. PY: 1992 DT: ArticleIS: 0300-9173 LA: Japanese; Non-English LS: Japanese; English AB: The author investigated factors leading to intellectual impairment in patie nts with multiple lacunar infarctions. The subject consisted of 40 patients with multiinfarct dementia (MID) and 17 nondemented patients with multiple infarctio ns (MI) who showed multiple lacunar infarctions in the deep penetrating arterial territory on CT. MID patients showed more marked and extensive perinventricular

lucency (PVL), a higher degree of ventricular index (VI) measured on CT, and we re of a higher age, and had poorer activity of daily living (ADL) compared with MI patients. There were significant correlations between the PVL score, VI, ADL score, age and Hasegawa's dementia rating score (HDS). However, no significant d ifferences in sex, site of infarct, and the count of low density areas reflected lacunar infarction on CT, and vascular risk factors were shown between MID and MI patients. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that the PVL score and VI showed the highest partial correlations for HDS, and that the ADL score and age were alos independently contributing factors. Our results suggest that deep whi te matter lesions observed as PVL on CT and ventricular enlargement were the mos t important factors contributing to intellectual impairment in patients with mul tiple lacunar infarcts, and that physical factors such as ADL and age can be con sidered to be related to the development of dementia. AI: Y MC: Behavior-; Cardiovascular-Medicine (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Neur ology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Psychiatry- (Human-Medicine, MedicalSciences) ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: human- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesMI: HASEGAWA'S-DEMENTIA-RATING-SCORE; MULTIPLE-INFARCT-DEMENTIA; PERIVENTRICULA R-LUCENCY; VENTRICULAR-INDEX AN: 199395133916 Record 22 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Silent lacunes in the elderly Parkinson's disease correlated with ambulator y blood pressure. AU: Takeuchi-Katsusuke; Matsubayashi-Kozo; Kimura-Shigeaki; Kawamoto-Akiko; Oza wa-Toshio; Shimada-Kazuyuki AD: Dep. Med. Geriatrics, Kochi Med. Sch., Japan SO: Japanese-Journal-of-Geriatrics. 1992; 29 (7-8) 549-553. PY: 1992 DT: ArticleIS: 0300-9173 LA: Japanese; Non-English LS: Japanese; English AB: Lacunes on brain MRI, casual blood pressure, 24-hour ambulatory blood press ure and common carotid blood flow measured by the doppler method were studied in 31 elderly patients with Parkinson's disease (mean age 67.5 +- 7.3 years). Nine teen patients with Parkinson's disease (61%) had at least one lacune. Patients w ith lacunes (P(+)) were significantly higher in age than patients without lacune (P(-)). The difference of casual blood pressure between patients in the two gro ups was not significant. On the other hand, the average of ambulatory blood pres sure measurements during a 24-hour period was significantly higher in the P(+) g roup than in the P(-) group. The average of carotid blood flow was also signific antly lower in the P(+) group than in the P(-) group, however, after adjustment for age, the difference between them became insignificant. In conclusion, the in cidence of silent lacunes on brain MRI was fairly common in elderly patients wit h Parkinson's disease. A high average 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure was sugg ested to be one of the risk factors of lacunar stroke in elderly cases of Parkin son's disease. The concept of "combined type" in Parkinsonism was supposed to be suitable as well as in senile dementia of Alzheimer type. AI: Y MC: Cardiovascular-Medicine (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Geriatrics- (Hu man-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Muscular-System (Movement-and-Support); Neurolo gy- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences) ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: Hominidae- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebrates-

MI: BRAIN-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE-IMAGING; STROKEAN: 199395133908 Record 23 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Immunohistochemical studies on S-100-beta positive structures in the human hippocampus in regard to age and morphological change of dementia. AU: Sato-Tsuneko {a}; Ito-Yoshitake {a}; Miyaishi-Osamu {a}; Kohtani-Kenji {a}; Mizuno-Yoshiaki {a}; Tauchi-Hisashi {a}; Kato-Kanefusa; Inagaki-Toshiaki AD: {a} Inst. Med. Sci. Aging, Aichi Med. University, Japan SO: Japanese-Journal-of-Geriatrics. 1992; 29 (6) 486-497. PY: 1992 DT: ArticleIS: 0300-9173 LA: Japanese; Non-English LS: Japanese; English AB: The histological localization of S-100-beta protein in the hippocampus of h uman autopsy brains of 47 males (71-103 years old) and 90 females (56-104 years old) was studied immunohistochemically. Astrocytes and their processes were posi tively stained, but neuronal cells were not stained. However, Alzheimer's neurof ibrillary tangle-like, senile plaque-like and fibrillary spindle figures were st ained positively. S-100-beta positive structures increased in grade with age, bu t not always equally on Alzheimer's neurofibrillary tangles or senile plaques st ained by Bodian method. Astrocytes decreased in number with age, and showed mark ed compensatory hypertrophy of their processes. S-100-beta positive structures s eemed to be related to astroglial changes in terms of degeneration or loss of sy napses. AI: Y MC: Behavior-; Cell-Biology; Development-; Geriatrics- (Human-Medicine, Medical -Sciences); Immune-System (Chemical-Coordination-and-Homeostasis); Methods-and-T echniques; Nervous-System (Neural-Coordination); Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Med ical-Sciences); Psychiatry- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences) ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: Hominidae- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesMI: ALZHEIMER'S-DISEASE; ASTROGLIA-; PATHOPHYSIOLOGYAN: 199395133902 Record 24 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Correlation of visual evoked potentials with dementia in Parkinson's diseas e. AU: Okuda-B; Tachibana-H; Kawabata-K; Takeda-M; Toda-K; Sugita-M AD: Fifth Dep. Internal Med., Hyogo Coll. Med., Japan SO: Japanese-Journal-of-Geriatrics. 1992; 29 (6) 475-479. PY: 1992 DT: ArticleIS: 0300-9173 LA: Japanese; Non-English LS: Japanese; English AB: There has been some debate regarding abnormalities in visual evoked potenti als (VEP) in Parkinson's disease (PD). To elucidate the mechanism causing abnorm al VEP, we investigated the relationship between VEP and mental function in PD p atients. Pattern reversal VEP was recorded in PD patients (n = 27) and age-match ed control subjects (n = 14). PD patients consisted of two subgroups; PD without dementia (nD-PD; n = 17) and PD with dementia (D-PD; n = 10). Dementia was eval uated according to the criteria for dementia assigned in DSM III-R, and mental f aculties were estimated by using the mini-mental state examination (MMSE). In pa ttern VEP recordings, P100 latency and amplitude were measured for each eye stim ulated. No patient or control subject had impairment of corrected visual acuity

or ophthalmological disease. There was no significant difference in age among th e three groups (D-PD, nD-PD and control subjects). D-PD patients showed signific antly prolonged P100 latency compared to nD-PD patients and control subjects (p lt 0.05). With respect to P100 amplitude, no significant difference was shown am ong the three groups. In PD patients, there was a rough correlation between P100 latency and MMSE score. No correlation was found between P100 amplitude and MMS E score. In control subjects, P100 latency did not correlate with advancing age. In PD patients, nD-PD patients showed a significant correlation between P100 la tency and age, whereas D-PD patients presented no correlation. Abnormal VEP in P D has been mostly ascribed to dopaminergic deficiency in the retina. The present study, however, suggests that dysfunction in the central visual system plays a role in abnormal pattern VEP in PD, particularly in D-PD. Since patients with Al zheimer's disease have abnormal flash VEP but normal pattern VEP, VEP seems to b e valid for differential diagnosis of dementing diseases. AI: Y MC: Behavior-; Geriatrics- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Neurology- (Huma n-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Pathology-; Psychiatry- (Human-Medicine, MedicalSciences); Sense-Organs (Sensory-Reception) ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: human- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesMI: DIFFERENTIAL-DIAGNOSIS; GERIATRICS-; LATENCYAN: 199395133901 Record 25 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: A neurophysiological study on the P300 component of event-related potential s in Hakim-Adams syndrome. AU: Quatrale-R {a}; Panarelli-M; Monetti-V-C; Trapella-G; Roccella-P; GranieriE; Serra-G AD: {a} Neurol. Clin., Univ. Ferrara, Corso Giovecca 203, I-44100 Ferrara, Ital y SO: European-Neurology. 1993; 33 (1) 44-47. PY: 1993 DT: ArticleIS: 0014-3022 LA: English AB: We have explored the variability of P300 event-related potentials in patien ts affected by Hakim-Adams syndrome, with raised or intermittent intracranial pr essure, treated with surgical cerebrospinal fluid shunting. The clinical utility of P300 is confirmed in the light of the improvement of neurophysiological data after the surgical procedure, parallel with amelioration of neuropsychological performances. AI: Y MC: Behavior-; Nervous-System (Neural-Coordination); Neurology- (Human-Medicine , Medical-Sciences); Physiology-; Psychiatry- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences) ; Urology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences) ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: human- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesMI: DEMENTIA-; INTRACRANIAL-PRESSURE; SURGICAL-CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID-SHUNTING AN: 199395133888 Record 26 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Severe cognitive impairment in elderly schizophrenic patients: A clinicopat hological study. AU: Purohit-Dushyant-P {a}; Davidson-Michael; Perl-Daniel-P; Powchik-Peter; Har outunian-Vahram-H; Bierer-Linda-M; McCrystal-Janice; Losonczy-Miklos; Davis-Kenn eth-L

AD: {a} Mount Sinai Med. Cent., One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA SO: Biological-Psychiatry. 1993; 33 (4) 255-260. PY: 1993 DT: ArticleIS: 0006-3223 LA: English AB: The severe cognitive impairment that affects many of the elderly schizophre nic patients could represent the outcome of schizophrenia in old age for the ver y severe and chronically ill patients or may be the result of lengthy institutio nalization and somatic treatment. Alternatively, it could be due to the presence of concurrent dementing disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) or multi-in farct dementia. Using an identicial neuropathological protocol, brain specimens from schizophrenic patients who showed evidence of severe cognitive impairment w ere compared with 12 age-matched control cases and the same number of age-matche d cases of neuropathologically confirmed patients with AD. Despite their relativ ely advanced age (mean age 77.1 years +- 2.8), none of the schizophrenia cases s howed sufficient degree of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangle formations to confirm a diagnosis of AD. Other neurodegenerative disorders associated with dementia were also not identified. These studies suggest that alternative explan ations need to be sought for the severe cognitive impairment commonly encountere d in elderly schizophrenic patients. AI: Y MC: Behavior-; Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Psychiatry- (Huma n-Medicine, Medical-Sciences) ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: Hominidae- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesMI: ALZHEIMER'S-DISEASE; DEMENTIA-; NEURODEGENERATIVE-DISORDER; SENILE-PLAQUE AN: 199395133882 Record 27 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Alterations of glial fibrillary acidic protein mRNA level in the aging brai n and in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. AU: Le-Prince-Ghislaine {a}; Delaere-Pia; Fages-Christiane; Duyckaerts-Charles; Hauw-Jean-Jacques; Tardy-Marcienne AD: {a} INSERM U 282, Hopital Henri Mondor, 94010 Creteil, France SO: Neuroscience-Letters. 1993; 151 (1) 71-73. PY: 1993 DT: ArticleIS: 0304-3940 LA: English AB: The GFAP mRNA levels were compared to the density of the senile plaques (SP ) in postmortem brain samples of 8 cases, either non-demented or affected by sen ile dementia of the Alzheimer type. In the frontal neocortex, the GFAP mRNA leve l is not affected, even if SP are present. In the temporal neocortex, a positive correlation between GFAP mRNA level and SP density was highly significant. This shows that in this area, astrocytes are altered at transcriptional or post-tran scriptional levels, or both. The different responses of this astrogliosis marker in each area may be related to the loss of specific neurotransmitter system. AI: Y MC: Cell-Biology; Clinical-Chemistry (Allied-Medical-Sciences); Endocrine-Syste m (Chemical-Coordination-and-Homeostasis); Genetics-; Geriatrics- (Human-Medicin e, Medical-Sciences); Metabolism-; Molecular-Genetics (Biochemistry-and-Molecula r-Biophysics); Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Psychiatry- (Human -Medicine, Medical-Sciences) ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: Hominidae- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebrates-

MI: ASTROCYTE-ALTERATION; ASTROGLIOSIS-MARKER; HUMAN-ELDERLY; MESSENGER-RNA; NE UROTRANSMITTER-SYSTEM-LOSS; POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL-LEVEL; SENILE-PLAQUE; TRANSCRIP TIONAL-LEVEL AN: 199395133877 Record 28 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Neuropsychological investigation in multiple sclerosis. AU: Tei-Hideaki {a}; Soma-Yoshiaki; Maruyama-Shoichi {a} AD: {a} Dep. Neurol., Neurological Inst., Tokyo Women's Med. Coll., 8-1 Kawadacho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162, Japan SO: Brain-and-Nerve-Tokyo. 1993; 45 (2) 133-137. PY: 1993 DT: ArticleIS: 0006-8969 LA: Japanese; Non-English LS: Japanese; English AB: We studied neuropsychological performance in 10 patients with multiple scle rosis (MS). Neuropsychological test batteries consisted of Mini-Mental State Exa mination, Digist Span, Paired Associate Learning Test (PAL), Benton Visual Reten tion Test, Kohs Block-Design Test, Digit Symbol Subtest in WAIS, 'Kanahiroi' Tes t, Verbal Fluency and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. In accordance with cerebral l esions on MRI, patients were divided into three groups A: Multiple-confluent les ions, B: Discrete lesions, C: No lesion. In MS patients as a whole, performance of PAL, "Kanahiroi" Test and Verbal Fluency were significantly impaired compared with 10 age and education matched normal controls (p lt 0.05), while other test s were not. In four out of five patients of A group, more than four neuropsychol ogical tests showed bellow mean -2SD score of normal controls, whereas in patien ts of B and C group, less than three neuropsychological tests showed bellow -2SD score of normal controls. In conclusion, severity of cognitive impairment in pa tients with MS correlated with lesion extent on MRI. Patients with MS exhibited significant cognitive impairment on tasks of recent memory and mental processing speed. It is suggested that MS patients show the features of subcortical dement ia. AI: Y MC: Behavior-; Nervous-System (Neural-Coordination); Neurology- (Human-Medicine , Medical-Sciences); Pathology-; Psychiatry- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences) ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: human- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesMI: COGNITIVE-IMPAIRMENT; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE-IMAGING; MEMORY-; MENTAL-PROCESSIN G-SPEED; SUBCORTICAL-DEMENTIA AN: 199395133847 Record 29 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Gait disorders of multi-infarct dementia: CT and clinical correlation. AU: Thajeb-P AD: Sect. Neurol., Cathay General Hosp., 280, Section 4 Jen Ai Road, P.O. Box 5 4-20, Taipei, Taiwan SO: Acta-Neurologica-Scandinavica. 1993; 87 (3) 239-242. PY: 1993 DT: ArticleIS: 0001-6314 LA: English AB: Twenty-five patients with various types of gait disorders of multi-infarct dementia (MID) were reported. The types of gait disorders consisted of lower bod y parkinsonism (LBP) plus ataxia (6 patients), LBP plus apraxia (5 patients), an d a combination of LBP plus ataxia and apraxia (14 patients). Hypertension occur red in 23 (92%) of the 25 patients. Nevertheless, individual stroke risk factors

and the locations of infarcts were not significantly different between the subg roups. Ventriculomegaly and "leuko-araiosis" as demonstrated by computed tomogra phy occurred in more than 80% of patients in each subgroup. Atrophy of the super ior vermis was seen in 16 (80%) of 20 patients with ataxia as compared to 2 (40% ) of the 5 patients without ataxia (p lt 0.005). These data suggest that LBP and apraxia of MID were probably determined by the presence of ventriculomegaly or leuko-araiosis or both, and the presence of ataxic component of gait disorder mo st probably indicates the presence of vermian atrophy. AI: Y MC: Behavior-; Cardiovascular-Medicine (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Equi pment-, Apparatus-, Devices-and-Instruments; Morphology-; Muscular-System (Movem ent-and-Support); Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Pathology-; Phy siology-; Psychiatry- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Radiology- (Medical-Sc iences) ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: human- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesMI: APRAXIA-; ATAXIA-; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; HYPERTENSION-; LEUKO-ARAIOSIS; LOWE R-BODY-PARKINSONISM; VENTRICULOMEGALY-; VERMIAN-ATROPHY AN: 199395133845 Record 30 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Progressive myoclonus epilepsies: An electroclinical, biochemical, morpholo gical and molecular genetic study of 17 cases. AU: Franceschetti-Silvana {a}; Antozzi-C; Binelli-S; Carrara-F; Nardocci-N; Zev iani-M; Avanzini-G AD: {a} Ist. Nazionale Neurol. "C. Besta", via Celoria 11, 20133 Milano, Italy SO: Acta-Neurologica-Scandinavica. 1993; 87 (3) 219-223. PY: 1993 DT: ArticleIS: 0001-6314 LA: English AB: Electroclinical, morphological, biochemical and molecular genetic data from 17 patients affected by progressive myoclonus epilepsies (PME) are reported. Tw elve patients were characterized by prominent action myoclonus, sporadic seizure s, mild ataxia, lack of dementia and persistence of normal EEG background activi ty; three patients showed a more rapid worsening of symptomatology, characterize d by early mental impairment, massive and action myoclonus, cerebellar signs and tonic clonic seizures; in these patients EEG background activity was slow, even in early stages of the disease. In two patients, previously classified as crypt ogenetic PME, a mitochondrial aetiology was recognized by the presence of ragged red fibers in muscle biopsy and by a reduction of the respiratory chains enzyme s. Molecular genetical investigation of mtDNA demonstrated the reported heteropl asmic point mutation at nt 8344 of mtDNA in the two MERRF patients, while it was negative in all of the others. AI: Y MC: Cell-Biology; Genetics-; Muscular-System (Movement-and-Support); Nervous-Sy stem (Neural-Coordination); Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Psych iatry- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences) ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: human- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesMI: CEREBELLAR-SIGN; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY-; MENTAL-IMPAIRMENT; MITOCHONDRIALDNA; POINT-MUTATION; TONIC-CLONIC-SEIZURE AN: 199395133842 Record 31 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Temporal lobe atrophy on magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of ear

ly Alzheimer's disease. AU: Erkinjuuntti-Timo {a}; Lee-Donald-H; Gao-Fuqiang; Steenhuis-Runa; EliasziwMichael; Fry-Rick; Merskey-Harold; Hachinski-Vladimir-C AD: {a} Dep. Neurol., Memory Res. Unit, Univ. Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 4, 00290 Helsinki, Finland SO: Archives-of-Neurology. 1993; 50 (3) 305-310. PY: 1993 DT: ArticleIS: 0003-9942 LA: English AB: Objective: To evaluate the use of simple ratings and linear measures of atr ophy in the temporal lobe structures obtained with magnetic resonance imaging co ronal scans in the diagnosis of early Alzheimer's disease. Design: Prospective s eries. The National Institute for Neurological Disorders and Stroke-Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association criteria for probable Alzheimer's dise ase. Blinded assessment. Setting: Dementia study in a university hospital. Subje cts: Patients with Alzheimer's disease (n=34), scoring 150 or more on the Extend ed Scale for Dementia, and age-matched healthy community volunteers (n=39) who h ad both magnetic resonance imaging coronal scans and a psychometric assessment u sing the Extended Scale for Dementia within 6 months were included. Measures: Ma in measures: T-1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging coronal scans, a 1.5-T syst em. The degree of atrophy rated (0 to 4) in both sides of the temporal neocortex , entorhinal cortex, hippocampal formation, temporal horns, third ventricle, lat eral ventricles, and frontal and parietal cortex. Linear measures: the area of h ippocampus and the maximal transverse width of temporal horns. Results: Differen tiation between patients with Alzheimer's disease and controls was limited by co nsiderable variations in sensitivity and specificity. Receiver operating charact eristics analysis revealed revealed a clear order of discrimination, the entorhi nal cortex and the temporal neocortex being the two best, followed by the tempor al horns and hippocampal formation. For a given specificity of 90%, the correspo nding sensitivity for the entorhinal cortex, temporal neocortex, temporal horns, and hippocampal formation was 95%, 63%, 56%, and 41%, respectively. Linear meas ures differed significantly but showed considerable overlap. Conclusion: The pre sence of rated atrophy in selected temporal structures makes the diagnosis of Al zheimer's disease more likely, but the absence does not rule out the possibility of early Alzheimer's disease. AI: Y MC: Behavior-; Morphology-; Nervous-System (Neural-Coordination); Neurology- (H uman-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Pathology-; Psychiatry- (Human-Medicine, Medic al-Sciences); Radiology- (Medical-Sciences) ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: human- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesMI: ENTORHINAL-CORTEX; HIPPOCAMPAL-FORMATION; SENSITIVITY-; SPECIFICITY-; TEMPO RAL-HORN; TEMPORAL-NEOCORTEX AN: 199395133801 Record 32 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Incidence of dementia and probable Alzheimer's disease in a general populat ion: The Framingham study. AU: Bachman-D-L; Wolf-P-A; Linn-R-T; Knoefel-J-E; Cobb-J-L; Belanger-A-J; White -L-R; D'-Agostino-R-B AD: Dep. Neurology, Boston Univ. Sch. Med., 80 East Concord Street, B608, Bosto n, MA 02118 SO: Neurology-. 1993; 43 (3 PART 1) 515-519. PY: 1993 DT: ArticleIS: 0028-3878 LA: English

AB: Objective: To determine the incidence of dementia and Alzheimer's disease ( AD) in a general population sample. Background: Utilizing subjects in the Framin gham Study cohort determined to be free of dementia in 1976 to 1978, or on bienn ial examination 17 in 1982, all new cases of dementia arising in this cohort ove r a maximum of 10 years of follow-up were ascertained. Methods: On biennial exam ination 14/15, a screening neuropsychologic examination was administered to 2,11 7 subjects, and cases of probable prevalent dementia were identified. Beginning on examination 17 and on all successive biennial examinations, a Mini-Mental Sta te Examination was administered. Subjects previously free of dementia and fallin g below age-education levels were evaluated by a neurologist and neuropsychologi st to determine if dementia was present and to ascertain the dementia type using standard criteria. Results: Five-year incidence of dementia increased with age, doubling in successive 5-year age groups. Dementia incidence rose from 7.0 per 1,000 at ages 65 to 69 to 118.0 per 1,000 at ages 85 to 89 for men and women com bined. Incidence of probable AD also doubled with successive quinquennia from 3. 5 at ages 65 to 69 to 72.8 per 1,000 at ages 85 to 89 years. Incidence of dement ia and of probable AD did not level off with age and was not different in men an d women. Conclusions: In a general population sample, we determined incidence of dementia and of probable AD and will use these incident cases for study of prec ursors and natural history in this elderly cohort, which has been under close su rveillance for over 40 years. AI: Y MC: Epidemiology- (Population-Studies); Geriatrics- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sc iences); Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Psychiatry- (Human-Medic ine, Medical-Sciences); Public-Health (Allied-Medical-Sciences) ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: human- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesMI: AGE-OF-INCIDENCE; MINI-MENTAL-STATE-EXAMINATION AN: 199395133761 Record 33 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Electrophysiologic detection of extrapyramidal motor signs in Alzheimer's d isease. AU: Kischka-Udo; Mandir-Allen-S; Ghika-Joseph; Growdon-John-H {a} AD: {a} Massachusetts Gen. Hosp., Neurology Service, ACC 830, Boston, MA 02114 SO: Neurology-. 1993; 43 (3 PART 1) 500-505. PY: 1993 DT: ArticleIS: 0028-3878 LA: English AB: We applied quantitative methods to measure extrapyramidal signs in 50 Alzhe imer's disease (AD) patients and 40 age-matched control subjects. We measured tr emor using accelerometers, bradykinesia using computer-detected reaction times ( RTs) and movement times (MTs), and rigidity using a strain gauge linked to a mov able arm rest. We excluded subjects with a clinical diagnosis of Parkinson's dis ease and subjects who required antiparkinsonian, neuroleptic, or anxiolytic medi cations. Aside from rigidity in two patients, there were no extrapyramidal signs on clinical examination. Based on electrophysiologic measures, however, there w as a significant increase in muscle tone (p lt 0.001), RT (p lt 0.01), and MT (p lt 0.03) in AD patients as a group compared with control subjects. Within the A D group, muscle tone and MTs increased across clinical stages of dementia severi ty (p lt 0.05). Tremor frequency and amplitude were normal in AD subjects. These data indicate that quantitative neurophysiologic measures are superior to conve ntional clinical examinations in detecting extrapyramidal signs in AD. The patho logic substrates of extrapyramidal signs in AD are uncertain but seem to be link ed to the degenerative AD process. AI: Y MC: Methods-and-Techniques; Muscular-System (Movement-and-Support); Nervous-Sys

tem (Neural-Coordination); Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Pathol ogy-; Psychiatry- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences) ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: human- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesMI: ACCELEROMETER-; COMPUTER-ANALYSIS-METHOD; DEMENTIA-SEVERITY; MOVEMENT-TIME; MUSCLE-TONE; REACTION-TIME; TREMORAN: 199395133758 Record 34 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Alzheimer's disease-like dystrophic neurites characteristically associated with senile plaques are not found with other neurodegenerative diseases unless a myloid beta-protein deposition is present. AU: Benzing-William-C; Mufson-Elliott-J; Armstrong-David-M {a} AD: {a} FGIN, Georgetown Univ., 3900 Reservoir Road, Washington, DC 20007, USA SO: Brain-Research. 1993; 606 (1) 10-18. PY: 1993 DT: ArticleIS: 0006-8993 LA: English AB: Swollen, bulbous-shaped (dystrophic) neurites are a common pathologic featu re of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and represent one of the most abundant neuritic a bnormalities within the brains of patients with this disease. In the present stu dy, we sought to determine whether the dystrophic neurites which are observed in association with senile plaques are unique to AD or whether they are characteri stic of a more generalized process of neuritic and/or neuronal degeneration whic h can be observed in other neurodegenerative diseases. To accomplish this, we ex amined post-mortem brain material from patients with AD, Parkinson's disease (PD ), Parkinson's disease with associated AD, Parkinson's disease with dementia yet without AD pathology, Huntington's disease (HD), Pick's disease and normal agematched controls (NC). Using a battery of antibodies to amyloid beta-protein (Abeta-P), paired-helical filaments (PHF), tyrosine hydroxylase, substance P, neur otensin, and somatostatin we found that immunolabeled dystrophic neurites of the type characteristically observed in AD, were seen only in cases and in brain re gions where A-beta-P deposition was present. More specifically, brain areas know n to display severe afferent and/or local degenerative changes such as the cauda te and putamen in all three PD groups, the caudate in the HD cases, and the temp oral cortex in the HD and Pick's cases were conspicuously free of these swollen neurites unless A-beta-P deposition was also present. While these findings did n ot exclude the possibility that other forms of neuritic degeneration may accompa ny the degeneration seen in these other diseases, they do suggest that the enlar ged immunolabeled neurites so frequently observed in AD brains are unique to AD and in particular are restricted to brain regions with beta-amyloid deposits. AI: Y MC: Biochemistry-and-Molecular-Biophysics; Neurology- (Human-Medicine, MedicalSciences) ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: human- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesCB: AMYLOIDRN: 11061-24-8: AMYLOID MI: HUNTINGTON'S-DISEASE; PARKINSON'S-DISEASE; PICKS-DISEASE AN: 199395133747 Record 35 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Neuronal damage in the cerebral cortex of AIDS brains: A morphometric study . AU: Weis-S {a}; Haug-H; Budka-H

AD: {a} Inst. Neuropathology, Univ. Munich, Thalkirchnerstrasse 36, W-8000 Muni ch 2, Germany SO: Acta-Neuropathologica. 1993; 85 (2) 185-189. PY: 1993 DT: ArticleIS: 0001-6322 LA: English AB: Using stereological methods, two cerebral cortical areas from AIDS brains w ere investigated. Neuronal density, profile area of neurons, and perikaryon volu me fraction were measured and compared to age-matched control brains. In the fro nto-orbital cortex (area 11) of AIDS brains, a significant loss of neurons was s een. The perikaryon volume fraction was likewise decreased. The size of neurons did not differ between control and AIDS brains. In patients with clinical signs of progressive dementia and in brains with human immunodeficiency virus ((HIV)-s pecific neuropathology (HIV-leukoencephalopathy and or HIV-encephalitis) as comp ared to patients lacking these features, a small decrease in neuronal density wa s noted but this difference did not reach the level of statistical significance (P = 0.16). In the superior parietal lobule (area 7) of AIDS brains, no loss of nerve cells was noted. AIDS patients with progressive dementia and brains with H IV-specific neuropathology showed no difference in neuronal densities as compare d to those without such features. We conclude that the fronto-orbital cortex, in contrast to the parietal cortex, is mainly damaged in AIDS brains. Neuronal los s was not significantly correlated with development of dementing symptoms and of HIV-specific neuropathology. AI: Y MC: Behavior-; Blood-and-Lymphatics (Transport-and-Circulation); Cell-Biology; Clinical-Immunology (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Hematology- (Human-Medic ine, Medical-Sciences); Infection-; Nervous-System (Neural-Coordination); Neurol ogy- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Pathology-; Psychiatry- (Human-Medicine , Medical-Sciences) ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, Animalia-; Retrov iridae-: VirusesOR: human-immunodeficiency-virus (Retroviridae-); Hominidae- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; microorganisms-; primates-; verteb rates-; virusesMI: ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; ENCEPHALITIS-; FRONTO-ORBITAL-CORTEX; L EUKOENCEPHALOPATHY-; NEURONAL-LOSS; PARIETAL-CORTEX; PROGRESSIVE-DEMENTIA AN: 199395132569 Record 36 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Magnetic resonance imaging morphometric analysis of cerebral volume loss in human immunodeficiency virus infection. AU: Jernigan-Terry {a}; Archibald-Sarah; Hesselink-John-R; Atkinson-J-Hampton; Velin-Robert-A; McCutchan-J-Allen; Chandler-James; Grant-Igor; (usa)-The-Hiv-Neu robehavioral-Research-Center-Group AD: {a} Dep. Psychiatry, 0631-P, Univ. Calif.-San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jo lla, CA 92093-0631, USA SO: Archives-of-Neurology. 1993; 50 (3) 250-255. PY: 1993 DT: ArticleIS: 0003-9942 LA: English AB: Magnetic resonance imaging was used to compare male subjects seropositive f or antibody to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV positive), with and with out medical symptoms, with two groups of men who were seronegative (HIV negative ). The control subjects included men at high risk for exposure to HIV-1 and thos e at low risk. None of the HIV-positive subject met criteria for HIV-associated dementia or had detectable opportunistic brain disease. Quantitative image-analy tic techniques were used to estimate volumes of ventricular and cortical cerebro

spinal fluid cerebral white matter, and cortical and subcortical gray matter str uctures. Relative to low-risk group control subjects and asymptomatic HIV-positi ve subjects, nondemented but medically symptomatic HIV-positive subjects showed significant increases in cerebrospinal fluid, reduced volume of cerebral white m atter, and reduced cerebral gray matter volumes. Unexpectedly, however, some cer ebrospinal fluid increases and gray matter volume decrease were present in the s eronegative high-risk control subject as well. AI: Y MC: Behavior-; Blood-and-Lymphatics (Transport-and-Circulation); Genetics-; Inf ection-; Microbiology-; Morphology-; Nervous-System (Neural-Coordination); Neuro logy- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Pathology-; Physiology-; Psychiatry- ( Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Radiology- (Medical-Sciences) ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, Animalia-; Retrov iridae-: VirusesOR: Hominidae- (Hominidae-); Retroviridae- (Retroviridae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; microorganisms-; primates-; verteb rates-; virusesMI: CEREBRAL-GRAY-MATTER; CEREBRAL-WHITE-MATTER; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; HUMAN-IMM UNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-ASSOCIATED-DEMENTIA; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-SEROPOSITI VE; MALE-; SERONEGATIVE-HIGH-RISK AN: 199395132535 Record 37 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Prevalence and recognition rates of psychiatric disorder in the elderly cli ents of a community care service. AU: Banerjee-Sube AD: York Clinic, Guy's Hosp., London SE1 9RT, UK SO: International-Journal-of-Geriatric-Psychiatry. 1993; 8 (2) 125-131. PY: 1993 DT: ArticleIS: 0885-6230 LA: English AB: One hundred and sixty-nine people over the age of 65 receiving home care se rvices in Lewisham were interviewed using the Geriatric Mental State (A) (GMS(A) ) and diagnostic output was obtained using AGECAT. The prevalence of psychiatric disorder in this group is reported and is compared with that found in community surveys which have used the GMS/AGECAT package. Of note is the 26.0% prevalence rate of cases of depression. The prevalence rate of AGECAT 'depressive psychosi s' was found to be 13.6%, which was significantly higher than expected. Measures of agreement between AGECAT diagnostic cases and assessments made by home care staff are presented sbd 'kappa' values and negative predictive values are higher for organic cases than for cases of depression. These 'recognition' rates are c ompared with reported recognition rates of psychiatric disorder in the elderly b y health care professionals. Suggestions for further research are made so that t he stated aims of the White Paper Caring for People can be achieved. AI: Y MC: Behavior-; Epidemiology- (Population-Studies); Geriatrics- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Human-Ecology (Anthropology-); Neurology- (Human-Medicine, M edical-Sciences); Pathology-; Psychiatry- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Pu blic-Health (Allied-Medical-Sciences) ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: human- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesGE: England- (British-Isles, UK-, Europe-, Palearctic-region); UK- (Europe-, Pa learctic-region) MI: DEMENTIA-; DEPRESSION-; DIAGNOSIS-; EPIDEMIOLOGYAN: 199395125370 Record 38 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06

TI: What becomes of demented patients referred to a psychogeriatric unit? An ap proach to audit. AU: Reddy-Subbalekshmi {a}; Pitt-Brice AD: {a} Dep. Psychiatry Elderly, Runwell Hosp., Wickford, Essex SS11 7QE, UK SO: International-Journal-of-Geriatric-Psychiatry. 1993; 8 (2) 175-180. PY: 1993 DT: ArticleIS: 0885-6230 LA: English AB: A 1-year follow-up study was undertaken of a random sample of 40 elderly pa tients living at home given a diagnosis of 'dementia' after referral to the Psyc hogeriatric Department at St Charles' Hospital, London, W10. Eighteen (45%) pati ents were admitted to institutional care. There was an association between physi cal disability and institutionalization. A similar tendency was observed for soc ial disturbance and hospital admission. The 1-year survival rate for the sample was 82.5%. All the seven patients who died were moderately/severely demented. Tw enty-three patients (55%) had informal key carers. Half of these showed consider able stress according to the General Health Questionnaire and the Strain Scale s cores. All the recommendations made by the psychogeriatric team were carried out without much delay. AI: Y MC: Behavior-; Geriatrics- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Human-Ecology (A nthropology-); Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Psychiatry- (Human -Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Public-Health (Allied-Medical-Sciences) ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: Hominidae- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesMI: COMMUNITY-; HUMAN-ELDERLY AN: 199395125019 Record 39 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: The visual variant of Alzheimer's disease: A clinicopathologic case study. AU: Levine-David-N {a}; Lee-John-M; Fisher-C-M AD: {a} N.Y. Univ. Med. Cent., Rusk Inst., Room 220, 400 E. 34 St., New York, N Y 10016, USA SO: Neurology-. 1993; 43 (2) 305-313. PY: 1993 DT: ArticleIS: 0028-3878 LA: English AB: A 59-year-old man developed problems with reading and driving. When first e xamined, he had great difficulty locating and identifying items by sight. Visual acuity was normal, but contrast sensitivity for low spatial frequencies was sev erely impaired. The peripheral visual fields were moderately constricted with de pressed flicker fusion frequencies, more on the right. Color identification was preserved. The difficulties in identifying and locating objects by sight were ag gravated by increasing the complexity and multiplicity of the items in the field of vision and by changing the ambient illumination. Intellect and memory were r elatively intact, except for difficulty with calculations. Over a 12-year course the visual defects steadily worsened, and eventually memory and language skills failed. Social manners, perseverance, and affect remained normal. Postmortem ex amination showed cortical atrophy, predominantly posterior, with abundant neurof ibrillary tangles and senile plaques. The density of the tangles was correlated with the severity of the atrophy, being highest in the occipitoparietal areas an d lowest in the frontal lobes. Alzheimer's disease can preferentially affect the posterior cerebral hemispheres and cause a dementia presenting with, and domina ted by, visual disturbances. AI: Y

MC: Behavior-; Nervous-System (Neural-Coordination); Neurology- (Human-Medicine , Medical-Sciences); Psychiatry- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Sense-Organ s (Sensory-Reception) ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: human- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesMI: CONTRAST-SENSITIVITY; CORTICAL-ATROPHY; DRIVING-DIFFICULTY; LOW-SPATIAL-FRE QUENCY; MEMORY-LOSS; NEUROFIBRILLARY-TANGLE; OCCIPITOPARIETAL-AREA; READING-DIFF ICULTY; SENILE-PLAQUE; VISUAL-DEFECT AN: 199395124923 Record 40 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Serum histamine in Alzheimer's disease and multi-infarct dementia. AU: Cacabelos-Ramon {a}; Fernandez-Novoa-L; Perez-Trullen-J-M; Franco-Maside-A; Alvarez-X-A AD: {a} Dep. Psychogeriatics, Inst. CNS Disorders, Basic and Clinical Neuroscie nces Res. Cent., P.O. Box 733, 15080 La Coruna, Spain SO: Methods-and-Findings-in-Experimental-and-Clinical-Pharmacology. 1992; 14 (9 ) 711-715. PY: 1992 DT: ArticleIS: 0379-0355 LA: English AB: Recent data indicate that a neuroimmune reaction might be responsible in pa rt for neuronal death and cognitive deterioration in senile dementia. The potent ial involvement of brain histamine (HA) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) in this process has been previously documented. We have studied the concentration of serum HA i n patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) or multi-infarct dementia (MID) and in age-matched control subjects. Serum HA levels were significantly higher in AD (1 0.935 +/- 5.692 nM) and MID (8.521 +/- 3.44 nM) than in controls (5.533 +/- 2.56 7 nM) and correlated with mental performance as evaluated with the Mini-Mental S tate Examination (MMSE) (r = +0.493, p lt 0.009). No correlation was found with cardiovascular parameters, cerebrovascular risk factors or age. Hyperactivation of the histaminergic system in AD at central and peripheral levels might reflect a neuroimmune reaction to brain tissue damage, a neurotrophic response, and/or a reactive process to regulate the IL-1 induced amyloid precursor protein (APP) overproduction. AI: Y MC: Behavior-; Clinical-Immunology (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Metaboli sm-; Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Psychiatry- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences) ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: human- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesCB: HISTAMINERN: 51-45-6: HISTAMINE MI: NEUROIMMUNE-REACTION AN: 199395124917 Record 41 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Copper-zinc superoxide dismutase activity in red blood cells and serum in d emented patients and in aging. AU: De-Lustig-Eugenia-S {a}; Serra-Jorge-A; Kohan-Silvia; Canziani-Gabriela-A; Famulari-Arturo-L; Dominguez-Raul-O AD: {a} Inst. Oncol. Angel H. Roffo, Avda. San Martin 5481, Buenos Aires 1417, Argentina SO: Journal-of-the-Neurological-Sciences. 1993; 115 (1) 18-25. PY: 1993

DT: ArticleIS: 0022-510X LA: English AB: The activity of the enzyme copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu-Zn SOD) has been investigated in serum and red blood cells (RBC) homogenate obtained from d emented patients with associated vascular lesions (VD), demented patients with p robable Alzheimer's disease (DAT) and healthy controls (CG) of the same age. The increase in SOD activity was statistically significant (P lt 0.01) in RBCs homo genate of DAT and VD patients, when compared to controls, but no differences app ear between the two diseased groups. Additionally, a statistically significant i ncrease in SOD activity (P lt 0.01) in DAT patients above 70 years as compared t o those 50-70 years old, and a relation between SOD and age were found. No chang es in SOD activity with age in healthy controls nor in vascular dementia group w ere detected. A statistically significant increase in Circulating SOD activity ( P lt 0.01) was observed in vascular patients compared to controls. The observed increase in DAT Circulating SOD activity (against CG) was not significant. The i ncreased levels of Cu-Zn SOD, probably represent a general alteration of the oxi dative processes characteristic of these dementias and suggest that the enzyme m ight be used as a marker. AI: Y MC: Blood-and-Lymphatics (Transport-and-Circulation); Development-; Geriatrics(Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Science s); Psychiatry- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences) ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: human- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesCB: COPPER-ZINC-SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE RN: 9054-89-1: COPPER-ZINC SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE MI: ALZHEIMER'S-DISEASE; DISEASE-MARKER AN: 199395122650 Record 42 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Pathological overlap in cases of Parkinsonism associated with neurofibrilla ry tangles: A study of recent cases of postencephalitic Parkinsonian and compari son with progressive supranuclear palsy and Guamanian Parkinsonism-dementia comp lex. AU: Geddes-Jennian-F; Hughes-Andrew-J; Lees-Andrew-J; Daniel-Susan-E {a} AD: {a} Parkinson's Dis. Society Brain Bank, Inst. Neurol., 1 Wakefield St., Lo ndon WC1N 1PJ, UK SO: Brain-. 1993; 116 (1) 281-302. PY: 1993 DT: ArticleIS: 0006-8950 LA: English AB: In recent years a number of patients suffering from long-standing postencep halitic parkinsonism have donated their brains to the United Kingdom Parkinson's Disease Society Brain Bank, in London. ln view of the paucity of detailed neuro pathological reports of the disease since the 1940s, we have carried out a clini copathological study of eight recent cases. A spectrum of pathological change wa s seen, with highly variable involvement of cortical, subcortical and brainstem structures. There was no correlation between severity of disease and severity of pathology. The anatomical distribution of lesions was compared with that seen i n progressive supranuclear palsy and Guamanian Parkinson-dementia complex. No de finite histological features were identified that could distinguish any of the t hree disease entities. While the pathogenesis of postencephalitic parkinsonism, progressive supranuclear palsy and Guamanian Parkinson-dementia complex remains unknown, the presence of similar pathologies in these conditions suggests a comm on disease mechanism, despite the distinctive clinical features. AI: Y

MC: Nervous-System (Neural-Coordination); Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-S ciences); PathologyST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: human- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesGE: UK- (Europe-, Palearctic-region) MI: ANATOMY-; DIAGNOSIS-; DISEASE-MECHANISM; PATHOLOGY-; UNITED-KINGDOM-PARKINS ON'S-DISEASE-SOCIETY-BRAIN-BANK AN: 199395122644 Record 43 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy with dementia. AU: Shiino-Akihiko; Matsuda-Masayuki; Morikawa-Shigehiro; Inubushi-Toshiro; Aki guchi-Ichiro; Handa-Jyoji {a} AD: {a} Dep. Neurosurgery, Shiga University Med. Sci., Seta, Ohtsu 520-21, Shig a-ken, Japan SO: Surgical-Neurology. 1993; 39 (2) 143-147. PY: 1993 DT: ArticleIS: 0090-3019 LA: English AB: To provide new insights into metabolic changes in the brain of patients wit h dementia, we performed in vivo localized proton magnetic resonance spectroscop y in nine patients with primary degenerative dementia and in three patients with normal-pressure hydrocephalus. We compared the results with those in 26 healthy volunteers. Measurements of regional cerebral blood flow were performed in seve n patients by means of single photon emission computed tomography with amphetami ne I 123 as a tracer. The magnetic resonance spectra constantly showed three maj or peaks corresponding to N-acetylaspartate (NAA), creatine and phosphocreatine (Cr), and choline-containing compounds. There were no age-related changes in the mean area ratio of NAA to Cr in neurologically normal volunteers. The NAA/Cr ra tio was significantly reduced in patients with primary degenerative dementia. Th e reduction of the NAA/Cr ratio was observed even in dementia patients with no s ignificant brain atrophy or reduction in regional cerebral blood flow. No signif icant reduction of the NAA/Cr ratio was seen in patients with normal-pressure hy drocephalus. The NAA/cr ratio might reflect the number and/or activity of neuron al cells in the brain. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy may well provide a useful tool for early detection of, and further pathophysiological study of, pr imary degenerative dementia. AI: Y MC: Metabolism-; Morphology-; Nervous-System (Neural-Coordination); Neurology(Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Pathology-; Physiology-; Psychiatry- (HumanMedicine, Medical-Sciences) ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: human- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesCB: CREATINE-; PHOSPHOCREATINERN: 57-00-1: CREATINE; 67-07-2: PHOSPHOCREATINE MI: CREATINE-; DIAGNOSTIC-METHOD; HYDROCEPHALUS-; METABOLIC-CHANGES; N=ACETYLAS PARTATE-; PHOSPHOCREATINE-; PMR-; PRIMARY-DEGENERATIVE-DEMENTIA AN: 199395122629 Record 44 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Correlations of leuko-araiosis with cerebral atrophy and perfusion in elder ly normal subjects and demented patients. AU: Kawamura-Jun; Meyer-John-S {a}; Ichijo-Makoto; Kobari-Masahiro; Terayama-Ya suo; Weathers-Susan AD: {a} Cerebral Blood Flow Lab., Veterans Affairs Med. Cent., 2002 Holcombe Bo

ulevard, Houston, TX 77211, USA SO: Journal-of-Neurology-Neurosurgery-and-Psychiatry. 1993; 56 (2) 182-187. PY: 1993 DT: ArticleIS: 0022-3050 LA: English AB: CT images of leuko-araiosis in brain slices were quantified according to vo lumes of reduced Hounsfield units in frontal perioventricular white matter in gr oups of elderly patients with multi-infarct dementia (MID, n = 23) and dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT, n = 16). Volumes of leuko-araiosis, estimates of atr ophic cerebral tissues, and local cerebral perfusion utilising inhalation of xen on gas as the indicator were correlated on the same CT slices. Ratios of frontal leuko-araiosis to total brain tissue volume were similar for patients with MID and DAT (mean 5.7 (SD 2.1)% vs 6.5 (3.2%)), and both were significantly greater than ratios in elderly normal volunteers (3.1(1.3)%, 0 lt 0.001). Cerebral atrop hy (measured as the ratio of volumes of cerebrospinal fluid to total brain area) for DAT patients was 17.0 (6.7)%, which was greater than for MID patients (12.5 (5.4)%; p lt 0.05) and both types of patients showed more cerebral atrophy than did age matched, elderly normal subjects. Cerebral perfusion was decreased in a ll regions measured in patients with MID and DAT compared with elderly normal su bjects. Multi variate regression analyses correlated frontal leuko-araiosis with reductions of local cerebral blood flow in subcortical grey matter (p lt 0.025) in patients with vascular dementia but not in those with DAT. These quantitativ e measures implicate decreased perfusion due to atherosclerosis in territories s upplied by the deep penetrating cerebral arteries in the pathogenesis of leuko-a raiosis in patients with vasscular dementia, but suggest a different pathogenesi s for leuko-araiosis in Alzheimer's disease. AI: Y MC: Cardiovascular-Medicine (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Geriatrics- (Hu man-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Psychiatry- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences) ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: human- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesMI: ALZHEIMER'S-DISEASE; VASCULAR-DEMENTIA; WHITE-MATTER-LESION AN: 199395122618 Record 45 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Conventional and quantitative EEG in the diagnosis of delirium among the el derly. AU: Jacobson-Sandra-A {a}; Leuchter-Andrew-F; Walter-Donald-O AD: {a} Dep. Psychiatry Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA Sch. Med., 760 Westwood Pl aza, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA SO: Journal-of-Neurology-Neurosurgery-and-Psychiatry. 1993; 56 (2) 153-158. PY: 1993 DT: ArticleIS: 0022-3050 LA: English AB: This study was performed to determine whether an admission quantitative EEG (QEEG) could assist in the differential diagnosis of encephalopathy among a gro up of elderly subjects with delirium, dementia, and delirium coexistent with dem entia. Thirty four subjects from 57 to 93 years had standard 17-channel EEG and quantitative EEG studies, using a linked-ear reference. EEGs were independently rated by two electroencephalographers blind to clinical diagnosis, using convent ional criteria to assess the degree of encephalopathy. Brain maps were scored by a scale developed by the authors. Numerical data examined included mean posteri or dominant frequency, absolute and relative power in the delta, theta and alpha bands, and slow-wave ratios. The grouping of experimental subjects was by the d ischarge diagnosis, made using DSM-III-R criteria. Stepwise discriminant analysi

s was performed to determine which EEG and QEEG variables were best able to dist inguish cases. Variables which collectively distinguished normal from encephalop athic records were Mini-Mental State Examination scores and relative power in th e alpha frequency band. Variables which collectively distinguished delirium from dementia were EEG theta activity, relative power in delta, and brain map rating . The results suggest that cross-sectional QEEG study is potentially useful in t he early differential diagnosis of encephalopathy, and that the variables which distinguish normal from encephalopathic patients might differ from the variables which distinguish delirium from dementia. AI: Y MC: Geriatrics- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Pathology-; Psychiatry- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences) ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: human- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesMI: DEMENTIA-; DIFFERENTIAL-DIAGNOSIS; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY-; ENCEPHALOPATHY; MINI-MENTAL-STATE-EXAMINATION AN: 199395122615 Record 46 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Five year follow-up study on dementia in institutions for the elderly. AU: Inagaki-Toshiaki {a}; Yamamoto-Toshiyuki {a}; Kokura-Kazuya {a}; HashizumeYoshio; Niimi-Tatsuji {a}; Hasegawa-Royhei; Ojika-Kousei; Yamamoto-Masahiko AD: {a} Dep. Internal Med., Nagoya-shi Koselin Geratric Hosp., Japan SO: Japanese-Journal-of-Geriatrics. 1992; 29 (10) 729-734. PY: 1992 DT: ArticleIS: 0300-9173 LA: Japanese; Non-English LS: Japanese; English AB: The purpose of this study was to clarify the prognosis of senile dementia b ased on a 5-year follow-up study in institutions for the elderly. The subjects c onsisted of 747 cases over 60 years of age. Of these 316 cases showed clinical d ementia but 431 cases had no intellectual disturbance in July, 1987. The mortali ty rate (56.3%) of the demented group was significantly higher than that (31.8%) of the non-demented group. The mortality rate of patients increased with aging. However, the mortality rate of the demented group did not correlate with the se verity of dementia. An autopsy study revealed that the direct causes of death in 51.1% of demented patients were pneumonia and cardiovascular diseases. Among th e demented patients followed up for 5 years, 22.5% showed severe worsening of de mentia, 25.8% showed slight or moderate degree of worsening and 51.7% showed no change. Factors causing exacerbation of dementia included cerebrovascular diseas e and bone fracture. AI: Y MC: Behavior-; Geriatrics- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Neurology- (Huma n-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Pathology-; Psychiatry- (Human-Medicine, MedicalSciences) ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: human- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesMI: MORTALITY-RATE AN: 199395122578 Record 47 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Alzheimer's disease and ageing: A chromosomal approach. AU: Kormann-Bortolotto-Maria-Helena {a}; Smith-Marilia-De-Arruda-Cardoso; Tonio lo-Neto-Joao AD: {a} Clinical Genetics Unit, Birmingham Maternity Hosp., Edgbaston B15 2TG,

Birmingham, UK SO: Gerontology-. 1993; 39 (1) 1-6. PY: 1993 DT: ArticleIS: 0304-324X LA: English AB: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia in elderly peo ple. Interrelations between AD and senescence have been the subject of many stud ies. Some researchers have suggested that chromosomal alterations may be involve d in the etiology or pathogenesis of AD. We present cytogenetic findings in pati ents with Alzheimer's disease, normal elderly controls and young controls. Aneup loidy, premature centromere division, polyploidy and C-anaphase, were analysed a nd the results suggest that the cytogenetic alterations observed are inherent to the cellular ageing process and not specifically related to Alzheimer's disease . AI: Y MC: Behavior-; Cell-Biology; Genetics-; Geriatrics- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sc iences); Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Psychiatry- (Human-Medic ine, Medical-Sciences) ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: human- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesMI: CYTOGENETICSAN: 199395122565 Record 48 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Alzheimer's disease, the phenomenon of parent fixation and Bowlby's Attachm ent theory. AU: Miesen-Bere-M-L AD: Dep. Clinical Psychogerontoloty, 'Marienhaven' Psychogeriatric Cent., PO Bo x 6, 2360 AA Warmond, The Netherlands SO: International-Journal-of-Geriatric-Psychiatry. 1993; 8 (2) 147-153. PY: 1993 DT: ArticleIS: 0885-6230 LA: English AB: Sooner or later many Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients behave as if their d eceased parents are still alive. This phenomenon is called parent fixation (PF) and is considered within the theoretical framework of Bowlby's Attachment theory . The hypothesis is that PF is an expression of their need to feel safe and secu re. Explorative research indicates that PF is correlated with the level of cogni tive functioning and attachment behaviour. The results show that (1) AD can be c onsidered as a 'strange situation' which activates attachment behaviour; and (2) the PF which occurs in AD patients has different meanings for the different sta ges of dementia. The conclusion is that in Alzheimer's disease patients there is more to be taken into account than cognitive disabilities and neurobiological d eficits. A great deal of their behaviour can be better perceived and understood as the result (eg aggression) of attachment behaviour in a situation that is exp erienced as insecure. AI: Y MC: Behavior-; Geriatrics- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Neurology- (Huma n-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Psychiatry- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences) ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: Hominidae- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesMI: AFFECTIVE-BEHAVIOR; HUMAN-ELDERLY AN: 199395122527 Record 49 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06

TI: Rapidly progressive aphasic dementia and motor neuron disease. AU: Caselli-Richard-J {a}; Windebank-Anthony-J; Petersen-Ronald-C; Komori-Takas hi; Parisi-Joseph-E; Okazaki-Haruo; Kokmen-Emre; Iverson-Rita; Dinapoli-Robert-P ; et-al AD: {a} Mayo Clinic Scottsdale, 13400 East Shea Boulevard, Scottsdale, AZ 85259 , USA SO: Annals-of-Neurology. 1993; 33 (2) 200-207. PY: 1993 DT: ArticleIS: 0364-5134 LA: English AB: Articulatory and language impairment heralded rapidly progressive motor neu ron disease in 7 patients aged 54 to 77 years. One patient had a family history of a similar disorder. Severe nonfluent aphasia developed in all 7 patients and 4 were anarthric within a year. Other cognitive domains were impaired, yet 2 pat ients lived alone until 1 month before their deaths. Four died within 2 years. A bnormalities were found on electromyography, computed tomography, magnetic reson ance imaging, single-photon emission computed tomography, and electroencephalogr aphy. Neuropathological examination in 3 patients showed bilateral hemispheric a trophy with neuronal loss and gliosis predominantly of superficial cortical laye rs. Pigmented and hypoglossal nuclei were relatively preserved. At all spinal le vels there was degeneration of corticospinal tracts and loss of anterior horn ce lls with gliosis. Rapidly progressive aphasic dementia and motor neuron disease are a distinctive clinical entity whose nosology is poorly understood. AI: Y MC: Cell-Biology; Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Pathology-; Se nse-Organs (Sensory-Reception) ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: human- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesMI: COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY-; ELECTROMYOGRAPHY-; GLIOSIS-; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE-IMAGING; SINGLE-PHOTON-EMISSION-COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; SPEECH-I MPAIRMENT AN: 199395122479 Record 50 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Pick's disease versus Alzheimer's disease: A comparison of clinical charact eristics. AU: Mendez-Mario-F {a}; Selwood-Allison; Mastri-Angeline-R; Frey-W-H-Ii AD: {a} Dep. Neurol., St. Paul-Ramsey Med. Cent., 640 Jackson St., St. Paul, MN 55101, USA SO: Neurology-. 1993; 43 (2) 289-292. PY: 1993 DT: ArticleIS: 0028-3878 LA: English AB: The clinical recognition of Pick's disease depends on its differentiation f rom Alzheimer's disease (AD). To identify distinguishing clinical features, we r eviewed the clinical records of 21 patients with pathologically confirmed Pick's disease and matched them by sex, age of onset, and duration of dementia with 42 patients having pathologically confirmed AD. In the absence of temporal or fron tal lobar atrophy on CTs, all the Pick patients and none of the AD patients had three of five clinical features: presenile onset (before age 65), an initial per sonality change, hyperorality, disinhibition, and roaming behavior. In addition, the Pick patients had a tendency toward reiterative and other speech disturbanc es. These findings suggest that Pick patients are potentially distinguishable fr om AD patients on the basis of clinical manifestations. AI: Y

MC: Behavior-; Development-; Gastroenterology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Science s); Genetics-; Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Physiology-; Psych iatry- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Sense-Organs (Sensory-Reception) ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: human- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesMI: AGE-OF-ONSET; DEMENTIA-DURATION; DISINHIBITION-; HYPERORALITY-; PERSONALITY -CHANGE; PRESENILE-ONSET; ROAMING-BEHAVIOR; SEX-; SPEECH-DISTURBANCE AN: 199395122460 Record 51 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Short-term memory impairments in Alzheimer-type dementia: Evidence for sepa rable impairments of articulatory rehearsal and long-term memory. AU: Hulme-Charles {a}; Lee-Georgina; Brown-Gordon-D-A AD: {a} Dep. Psychol., Univ. York, York YO1 5DD, UK SO: Neuropsychologia-. 1993; 31 (2) 161-172. PY: 1993 DT: ArticleIS: 0028-3932 LA: English AB: Two experiments are described which investigate the short-term memory defic its found in Alzheimer-type dementia. In the first experiment memory span for wo rds of differing spoken duration is related to speech rate. Memory span was lowe r in subjects suffering from Alzheimer-type dementia than for normal elderly con trols but in both cases a linear function related recall to speech rate for item s of differing spoken durations. The function for Alzheimer subjects had an equi valent slope (interpreted as reflecting a contribution from a sub-vocal rehearsa l process) but a lower intercept (interpreted as reflecting a contribution from a long-term memory component). The second experiment investigated the effects of repeating supra-span lists of items in a serial recall task. As predicted the c ontrol subjects showed substantial increases in recall across trials associated with elevations of the speech rate/recall functions while the Alzheimer subjects showed very little benefit from repetition of the lists. We conclude that the v erbal short-term memory deficit found in Alzheimer-type dementia has two compone nts:a deficit in the rate of rehearsal and an impairment in the long-term memory component of short-term recall. AI: Y MC: Geriatrics- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Psychiatry- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences) ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: human- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesMI: ELDERLY-; MEMORY-SPAN; REHEARSAL-RATE-DEFICIT; SERIAL-RECALL; SHORT-TERM-RE CALL-LONG-TERM-MEMORY-COMPONENT-IMPAIRMENT; SPEECH-RATE AN: 199395122445 Record 52 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Serum alpha-1-antichymotrypsin in senile dementia. AU: Nagao-Takehiko {a}; Hamamoto-Makoto {a}; Hagiwara-Mariko {a}; Kanada-Akemi {a}; Ichiseki-Hajime {a}; Miyazaki-Tokuzou {a}; Isse-Kunihiro; Tanaka-Kuniaki; O gura-Mitsuo; et-al AD: {a} Dep. Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Tama Geriatric Hosp., Japan SO: Japanese-Journal-of-Geriatrics. 1992; 29 (10) 778-782. PY: 1992 DT: ArticleIS: 0300-9173 LA: Japanese; Non-English LS: Japanese; English

AB: To evaluate the clinical significance of serum alpha-1-Antichymotrypsin (AC T) as an early diagnostic marker of senile dementia of Alzheimer type (SDAT), we measured 333 healthy and not demented elderly subjects, 27 cases SDAT and 25 ca ses of vascular dementia (VD). For the measurement, a new high-sensitivity metho d, double antibody radioimmunoassay method was developed. In healthy elderly sub jects, the mean value of serum ACT was 0.229 mg/ml. A tendency towards increase of ACT with aging was noted but was not significant. The serum level of ACT in t he SDAT patients was significantly higher (0.309 mg/ml) compared with the health y elderly subjects and the VD patients (0.226 mg/ml) (p lt 0.01). We concluded t hat in the patients with SDAT, there was an overproduction of ACT and the serum value of ACT was markedly elevated. The measurement of serum ACT is very useful (sensitivity = 88.9%, specificity = 68.7%; cut-off value=0.250 mg/ml) for the ea rly differential diagnosis of senile dementia. AI: Y MC: Behavior-; Biochemistry-and-Molecular-Biophysics; Blood-and-Lymphatics (Tra nsport-and-Circulation); Enzymology- (Biochemistry-and-Molecular-Biophysics); Ge riatrics- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Immune-System (Chemical-Coordinati on-and-Homeostasis); Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Psychiatry(Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences) ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: human- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesMI: DOUBLE-ANTIBODY-RADIOIMMUNOASSAY-METHOD AN: 199395120312 Record 53 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Aluminum, cadmium, lipids and prevalence of dementia in people living near an aluminum smelter. AU: Ijomah-G; Corrigan-F-M {a}; Holliday-J; Macintyre-F; Skinner-E-R; Ward-N-I; Horrobin-D-F AD: {a} Argyll and Bute Hospital, Lochgilphead, Argyll, PA31 8LD, UK SO: Trace-Elements-in-Medicine. 1993; 10 (1) 6-12. PY: 1993 DT: ArticleIS: 0174-7371 LA: English AB: There was no evidence of an increased prevalence of dementia in elderly peo ple living near an aluminum smelter (UK) when these were compared with a populat ion in a relatively pollution-free control area. 168 individuals were interviewe d in the smelter area and 120 in the control area. Dementia was defined by perfo rmance on the Anomalous Sentences Repetition Test. Blood samples were obtained f rom 32 non-demented people in the smelter area and 30 in the control area. There were significant elevations of plasma and red cell aluminum and cadmium concent rations. There were also differences in the phospholipid fatty acids of the two populations and the correlational analysis suggests that the atmospheric aluminu m and cadmium may be responsible for some of the fatty acid differences. AI: Y MC: Blood-and-Lymphatics (Transport-and-Circulation); Clinical-Chemistry (Allie d-Medical-Sciences); Epidemiology- (Population-Studies); Geriatrics- (Human-Medi cine, Medical-Sciences); Human-Ecology (Anthropology-); Metabolism-; Neurology(Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Nutrition-; Pollution-Assessment-Control-and -Management; Psychiatry- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); ToxicologyST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: human- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesCB: ALUMINUM-; CADMIUMGE: UK- (Europe-, Palearctic-region) RN: 7429-90-5: ALUMINUM; 7440-43-9: CADMIUM MI: ANOMALOUS-SENTENCES-REPETITION-TEST; ATMOSPHERIC-ALUMINUM; ELDERLY-; PHOSPH

OLIPID-FATTY-ACID; PLASMA-; RED-CELL; TRACE-ELEMENT AN: 199395114916 Record 54 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Mental health service use by the elderly in nursing homes. AU: Burns-Barbara-J {a}; Wagner-H-Ryan; Taube-John-E; Magaziner-Jay; Permutt-Th omas; Landerman-L-Richard AD: {a} Med. Psychol., Box 3454, Dep. Psychiatry, Duke Univ. Med. Center, Durha m, NC 27710, USA SO: American-Journal-of-Public-Health. 1993; 83 (3) 331-337. PY: 1993 DT: ArticleIS: 0090-0036 LA: English AB: Because current Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act regulations influence the disposition of US nursing home residents who have mental illness, National Nurs ing Hone Survey (1985) data are analyzed for predictors of mental health service use. Methods. Elderly residents' rates of mental health service use are present ed. Logistic regression yielded odds ratio for treatment by both mental health s pecialists and general practitioners for client and service system variables. Re sults. Among the two thirds of elderly residents with a mental disorder (includi ng dementia), only 4.5% receive any mental health treatment in a 1-month period. The ratio of specialist to general practitioner care is approximately 1:1. Pati ents seen by a specialist are likely to be younger (aged 65 to 74); live in the Northeast; and have a diagnosis of schizophrenia (13:1), dementia (3:1), or othe r mental disorders (5:1). Prior residence in a psychiatric hospital predicts car e by both health professional types. Rural location, nonproprietary ownership of the nursing home, and aggressive behavior point to general physician care. Conc lusions. Our findings indicate significant neglect of the mental health needs of older nursing home residents and underscore the importance of monitoring the re gulations for screening and treatment of mental disorders under the Omnibus Budg et Reconciliation Act. AI: Y MC: Geriatrics- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Psychiatry- (Human-Medicine , Medical-Sciences); Public-Health (Allied-Medical-Sciences) ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: human- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesMI: HEALTH-CARE; STATISTICSAN: 199395114156 Record 55 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Students can learn medicine with computers: Evaluation of an interactive co mputer learning package in geriatric medicine. AU: Andrews-Paul-V {a}; Schwarz-Jenny; Helme-Robert-D AD: {a} Natl. Res. Inst. Gerontol. and Geriatr. Med., North West Hosp., Mount R oyal Campus, Poplar Road, Parkville, Vic. 3052 SO: Medical-Journal-of-Australia. 1992; 157 (10) 693-695. PY: 1992 DT: ArticleIS: 0025-729X LA: English AB: Objective: To assess the effectiveness of a computer-aided learning program on dementia. Design: Fourth year medical students were arbitrarily assigned to groups that used a computer-aided learning program (65) or had a tutorial coveri ng similar material (73). These sessions were in addition to a base curriculum i n a two-week course in geriatric medicine. Main outcome measures: The effectiven ess of the teaching sessions was judged by the performance on a multiple choice

questionnaire about dementia, given to the students on two occasions, one at the beginning and one at the end of the two-week course. Results: Both groups of st udents scored significantly better on the second test (computer group, 66% (95% confidence interval, 64-69) to 81% (79-83) and tutorial group, 66% (66-67)to 74% (73-77)). The difference betwen the groups at the start of the course was not s ignificant (F-1,136=0.61, P=0.61); however, there was a significant difference b etween the groups at the end of the course (F-1,136=21.83, P lt 0.001). Conclusi on: Both groups improved their knowledge of dementia during the two-week course. Students who used the computer-aided learning programs showed a greater improve ment in score. Computer learning programs are effective learning tools and are a useful addition to traditional teaching methods. Further study is required to a ssess the effects of computer-aided learning programs in long-term studies of de mentia knowledge. AI: Y MC: Education-; Geriatrics- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Information-Stu dies; Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Psychiatry- (Human-Medicine , Medical-Sciences); Public-Health (Allied-Medical-Sciences) ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: human- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesMI: COMPUTER-AIDED-LEARNING-PROGRAM; DEMENTIAAN: 199395114147 Record 56 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Validation of the Hodkinson abbreviated mental test as a screening instrume nt for dementia in an Italian population. AU: Rocca-Walter-A {a}; Bonaiuto-Salvatore; Lippi-Andrea; Luciani-Paolo; Pistar elli-Tiziana; Grandinetti-Antonio; Cavarzeran-Fabiano; Amaducci-Luigi AD: {a} Centro SMID, Via Prato 58, I-50123 Firenze, Italy SO: Neuroepidemiology-. 1992 (1993); 11 (4-6) 288-295. DT: ArticleIS: 0251-5350 LA: English AB: We investigated the accuracy of the Hodkinson abbreviated mental test (AMT) as a screening instrument for dementia in an Italian population. The AMT was ad ministered by nonmedical personnel to 124 subjects gt 59 years old. Each subject independently underwent a clinical evaluation for dementia (DSM-III criteria), and scores on the AMT were compared to corresponding clinical diagnoses (standar d for comparison). Twenty of the 124 subjects were found to be affected by demen tia upon clinical investigation. Although a score of 6 on the AMT showed the bes t combination of sensitivity (90%) and specificity (89%), only a score of 7 yiel ded 100% sensitivity (71% specificity). Specificity was higher in men, younger, and more educated subjects. AI: Y MC: Behavior-; Epidemiology- (Population-Studies); Geriatrics- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Psychiatry- ( Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Public-Health (Allied-Medical-Sciences) ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: human- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesGE: Italy- (Europe-, Palearctic-region) MI: AGE-; EDUCATED-MALE; SENSITIVITY-; SPECIFICITYAN: 199395114079 Record 57 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Delirium and dementia in acute medical admissions of elderly patients in Ic eland. AU: Kolbeinsson-Halldor {a}; Jonsson-A

AD: {a} Dep. Psychiary, Borgarspitalinn, IS-108 Reykjavik, Iceland SO: Acta-Psychiatrica-Scandinavica. 1993; 87 (2) 123-127. PY: 1993 DT: ArticleIS: 0001-690X LA: English AB: A prospective study was carried out in a general hospital in Reykjavik to e valuate the prevalence of delirium and dementia among 331 patients 70 years and older who were admitted as an emergency to the medical department. Cognitive fun ction was screened with Mental Status Questionnaire (MSQ) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and diagnosed according to DSM-III-R for delirium and dementi a. Other information obtained included social and demographic factors, drug cons umption, the main condition underlying the delirium and outcome. Severe cognitiv e dysfunction was present in 32% of all acutely admitted patients 70 years and o lder, which were diagnosed further as delirium 14% and dementia 18%. At follow-u p, concurrent dementia was found in 70% of the delirium patients. The main cause s for delirium were cardiac failure 27%, stroke 22% and sepsis 16% and the morta lity rate was 32% compared with 8% in dementia alone. The prognosis of patients with delirium and dementia depends on detecting these disorders, and the clinica l skills of physicians working with acutely ill elderly patients can be improved by relatively simple screening questionnaires such as the MSQ and MMSE. AI: Y MC: Behavior-; Epidemiology- (Population-Studies); Geriatrics- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Pathology-; P sychiatry- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Public-Health (Allied-Medical-Sci ences) ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: human- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesMI: DIAGNOSIS-; EPIDEMIOLOGY-; MENTAL-STATUS-QUESTIONNAIRE; MINI-MENTAL-STATE-E XAMINATION; STATISTICSAN: 199395114046 Record 58 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Prevalence of dementia in the city of Helsinki. AU: Juva-K {a}; Sulkava-R; Erkinjuntti-T; Valvanne-J; Tilvis-R AD: {a} Dep. Neurol., Univ. Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland SO: Acta-Neurologica-Scandinavica. 1993; 87 (2) 106-110. PY: 1993 DT: ArticleIS: 0001-6314 LA: English AB: The Helsinki Aging Study is based on a random sample of 795 subjects aged 7 5-years (N=274), 80-years (N=266) and 85-years (N=255). A clinical examination i ncluding Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR)-scale was carried out in 82% of the case s. 93 demented subjects ere found, 17 of whom has mild dementia. The prevalence of moderate and severe dementia was 2.9%, 10.3% and 23.3% in the age groups of 7 5-year-olds, 80-year-olds and 85-year-olds, respectively. If we take into accoun t also the mild cases, we get the prevalence of dementia 4.6%, 13.1% and 26.7% i n the above mentioned age groups, respectively. The proportion of mild dementias was lower than expected, which probably reflects both the difficulties to recog nize mild dementia in an elderly population and the relatively small compensator y capacity of elderly people. AI: Y MC: Epidemiology- (Population-Studies); Geriatrics- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sc iences); Human-Ecology (Anthropology-); Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Scie nces); Psychiatry- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Public-Health (Allied-Med ical-Sciences)

ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: human- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesGE: Finland- (Europe-, Palearctic-region) MI: CLINICAL-DEMENTIA-RATING-SCALE; EPIDEMIOLOGY-; HELSINKI-AGING-STUDY; PREVAL ENCEAN: 199395114043 Record 59 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: An examination of psychometric properties of the extended scale for dementi a in three different populations. AU: Helmes-E {a}; Merskey-H; Hachinski-V-C; Wands-K AD: {a} Psychol. Dep., St. Joseph's Health Centre, 35 Grosvenor St., London, On tario N6A 1Y6, Canada SO: Alzheimer-Disease-and-Associated-Disorders. 1992; 6 (4) 236-246. PY: 1992 DT: ArticleIS: 0893-0341 LA: English AB: The Extended Scale for Dementia (ESD), a development of the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale, has been used in the evaluation of dementia and aging and has sho wn substantial clinical utility. We report on analyses of its properties and int ernal structure in three samples of older people: 153 normals, 101 psychiatric h ospital residents, and 114 patients with Alzheimer disease. The results showed g ood internal consistency in the two clinical samples, with much lower reliabilit y in the normals, for whom the test was too easy. A review of the item statistic s led to the use of 17 of the 23 ESD items in item component analyses in the thr ee samples. Use of Horn's parallel analysis criterion led to the retention of th ree components in the normal group and one in both the hospital and Alzheimer gr oups. The results are compared with other work and are in accordance with the vi ew that cognitive structure becomes more simple with increasing dementia. AI: Y MC: Behavior-; Development-; Geriatrics- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Ne urology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Pathology-; Psychiatry- (Human-Medi cine, Medical-Sciences) ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: human- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesMI: AGING-; ALZHEIMER'S-DISEASE; COGNITIVE-STRUCTURE; ELDERLY-; FACTOR-ANALYSIS ; PSYCHIATRIC-HOSPITAL-RESIDENT; RELIABILITYAN: 199395113721 Record 60 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: The Canberra Interview for the Elderly: Assessment of its validity in the d iagnosis of dementia and depression. AU: MacKinnon-A {a}; Christensen-H; Cullen-J-S; Doyle-C-J; Henderson-A-S; JormA-F; Korten-A-E; Scott-L-R AD: {a} NH and MRC Soc. Psychiatry Res. Unit, Australian National Univ., Canber ra, ACT 2601, Australia SO: Acta-Psychiatrica-Scandinavica. 1993; 87 (2) 146-151. PY: 1993 DT: ArticleIS: 0001-690X LA: English AB: The Canberra Interview for the Elderly (CIE) has been developed as a field instrument for identifying cases of dementia and depression, according to the di agnostic criteria in both draft ICD-10 and DSM-III-R. It has been designed to be administered by lay interviewers and responses are assembled algorithmically to

derive diagnoses. The validity of the CIE was assessed using a sample of 75 eld erly patients attending a hospital clinic. The CIE diagnoses were compared with clinical judgements made at the time of recruitment into the study and later by 3 clinicians using the information collected by the lay interviewers. Agreement between the CIE and the clinicians' diagnoses was as great as agreement between the clinicians themselves, meeting or exceeding agreement observed for comparabl e instruments designed for lay administration. AI: Y MC: Behavior-; Geriatrics- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Neurology- (Huma n-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Pathology-; Psychiatry- (Human-Medicine, MedicalSciences); Public-Health (Allied-Medical-Sciences); Systematics-and-Taxonomy ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: human- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesMI: DIAGNOSTIC-METHOD; RATING-SCALE AN: 199395113705 Record 61 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Thalamic radiodensity and cognitive performance in mild and moderate dement ia of the Alzheimer type. AU: Foerstl-Hans {a}; Sahakian-Barbara AD: {a} Sect. Old Age Psychiatry, Inst. Psychiatry, London, UK SO: Journal-of-Psychiatry-and-Neuroscience. 1993; 18 (1) 33-37. PY: 1993 DT: ArticleIS: 1180-4882 LA: English AB: Eighteen patients with mild to moderate dementia of the Alzheimer type unde rwent cranial computed tomography (CT) and tests of visual attention, recognitio n and learning. Two subgroups emerged. Subgroup 1 was made up of ten patients wh o showed impaired visual recognition learning and memory, but intact attention i n marked contrast to subgroup 2, which was made up of eight patients, in whom al l of these functions were impaired. Planimetric and densitometric CT measurement s yielded one significant difference between the two subgroups: a decreased radi odensity in the dorsomedial thalamus of the patients from subgroup 2. Lower radi odensity in the right dorsomedial thalamic area was significantly correlated wit h impaired performance on the test of attentional set shifting, more specificall y, with deficits at the reversal learning stage. These results are interpreted i n the context of recent evidence linking reversal learning to a neural network c omprising the cholinergic basal forebrain, the amygdala and the orbitofrontal co rtex, as well as the mediodorsal nucleus, and recent evidence of cholinergic def icits in this structure in patients with Alzheimer's disease. AI: Y MC: Behavior-; Equipment-, Apparatus-, Devices-and-Instruments; Geriatrics- (Hu man-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Nervous-System (Neural-Coordination); Neurology - (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Psychiatry- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Scien ces); Radiology- (Medical-Sciences) ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: human- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesMI: ANALYTICAL-METHOD; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; NEUROPSYCHOLOGYAN: 199395113674 Record 62 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Reading Kanji without semantics: Evidence from a longitudinal study of deme ntia. AU: Sasanuma-Sumiko {a}; Sakuma-Naoko; Kitano-Kunitaka AD: {a} Tokyo Metrop. Inst. Gerontol, 35-2 Sakaecho, Itabashiku, Tokyo, Japan

SO: Cognitive-Neuropsychology. 1992; 9 (6) 465-486. PY: 1992 DT: ArticleIS: 0264-3294 LA: English AB: The effects of the degenerative disease process on patterns of oral reading and reading comprehension of Japanese Kanji words were investigated longitudina lly in 3 demented patients, based on repeated administration of the 50-item Kanj i Pronunciation-Comprehesion Test (K.P.C.T.) and a battery of tests assessing a variety of cognitive abilities including semantic memory. On the K.P.C.T., all 3 patients showed essentially perfect oral reading until the very advanced stage of the disease process, which was in marked contrast to the progressive deterior ation of their ability to comprehend the same set of words. These findings, cons istent with some interpretation of lexical nonsemantic reading in English-speaki ng neurological patients, suggest the existence of an independent orthography-to -phonology transcoding procedure for kanji words. An interesting discrepancy in the pattern of word pronunciation performance, however, was noted between the Ja panese patients (co-existence or near normal word naming and progressive deterio ration of comprehension) and the English-speaking demented patients with analogo us "nonsemantic reading" (emergence of regularisation errors in exception words relatively early in the disease process). Possible explanations and hypotheses f or this discrepancy are presented. AI: Y MC: Dental-and-Oral-System (Ingestion-and-Assimilation); Neurology- (Human-Medi cine, Medical-Sciences); Psychiatry- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences) ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: human- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesMI: JAPANESE-KANJI; KANJI-PRONUNCIATION-COMPREHENSION-TEST; ORAL-READING-COMPRE HENSION; READING-COMPREHENSION AN: 199395113651 Record 63 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: The effects of L-threo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine on the total norepinephrin e and dopamine concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid and freezing gait in pa rkinsonian patients. AU: Tohgi-H {a}; Abe-T; Takahashi-S AD: {a} Dep. Neurol., Iwate Med. Univ., 19-1 Uchimaru, Morioka 020, Japan SO: Journal-of-Neural-Transmission-Parkinson's-Disease-and-Dementia-Section. 19 93; 5 (1) 27-34. PY: 1993 DT: ArticleIS: 0936-3076 LA: English AB: We studied the effects of L-threo-DOPS (L-DOPS) on the concentrations of to tal (conjugated and unconjugated) dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) in the c erebrospinal fluid (CSF) of parkinsonian patients with freezing phenomenon. The NE concentration increased remarkably and dose-dependently after administration of L-DOPS in both L-dopa/carbidopa-pretreated and untreated patients. The DA con centration also increased mildly but significantly in L-dopa/carbidopa-untreated patients. Freezing phenomenon improved in 6 out of 8 patients at Hoehn and Yahr 's stage III, and 1 out of 5 patients at stage IV. These results indicate that L -DOPS administration increases the NE concentration dose-dependently, and is eff ective for freezing of gait of moderate severity. AI: Y MC: Endocrine-System (Chemical-Coordination-and-Homeostasis); Muscular-System ( Movement-and-Support); Nervous-System (Neural-Coordination); Neurology- (Human-M edicine, Medical-Sciences); Pharmacology-; PhysiologyST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, Animalia-

OR: TN: CB: RN: MI: AN:

human- (Hominidae-) animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesNOREPINEPHRINE-; DOPAMINE-; NORADRENALINE51-41-2: NOREPINEPHRINE; 51-61-6: DOPAMINE; 51-41-2: NORADRENALINE ANTIPARKINSONIAN-DRUG; FREEZING-PHENOMENON; NORADRENALINE199395112613

Record 64 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Lamotrigine: Antiparkinsonian activity by blockade of glutamate release? AU: Zipp-F; Baas-H; Fischer-P-A {a} AD: {a} Dep. Neurol., Univ. Frankfurt/M., Schleusenweg 2-16, D-W-6000 Frankfurt /M., Germany SO: Journal-of-Neural-Transmission-Parkinson's-Disease-and-Dementia-Section. 19 93; 5 (1) 67-75. PY: 1993 DT: ArticleIS: 0936-3076 LA: English AB: Recent experiments provide evidence that the NMDA-antagonist MK-801 has a l ocomotor-stimulating effect in monoamine-depleted rodents. These findings are ba sed upon a hypothetical pathway-circuit including the basal ganglia as a model r eflecting hypo- and hyperkinetic movement disorders. We have treated 5 patients suffering from Parkinson's disease with the antiepileptic drug "lamotrigine" whi ch does not appear to be an NMDA-antagonist but acts functionally as a glutamate antagonist by inhibition of presynaptic glutamate release. AI: Y MC: Endocrine-System (Chemical-Coordination-and-Homeostasis); Metabolism-; Neur ology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Pathology-; PharmacologyST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: human- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesCB: LAMOTRIGINE-; GLUTAMATERN: 84057-84-1: LAMOTRIGINE; 11070-68-1: GLUTAMATE MI: ANTICONVULSANT-DRUG; ANTIPARKINSONIAN-DRUG; BASAL-GANGLIA-PATHWAYS; N=METHY L-D-ASPARTATE-ANTAGONIST; PARKINSON'S-DISEASE AN: 199395112610 Record 65 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Concentration gradients for monoamine metabolites in lumbar cerebrospinal f luid. AU: Blennow-K {a}; Wallin-A; Gottfries-C-G; Mansson-J-E; Svennerholm-L AD: {a} Dep. Psychiatry Neurochemistry, Univ. Goteborg, Molndal Hospital, S-431 80 Molndal, Sweden SO: Journal-of-Neural-Transmission-Parkinson's-Disease-and-Dementia-Section. 19 93; 5 (1) 5-15. PY: 1993 DT: ArticleIS: 0936-3076 LA: English AB: Concentration gradients in lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for the monoami ne metabolites homovanillic acid (HVA), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylglycol (HMPG) were studied in 9 healthy controls and 47 neuropsychiatric patients without diseases causing disturbed CSF circulation. I n a serial sampling of the first 24ml of CSF, steep concentration gradients betw een the first (0-4th ml) and last (21th-24th ml) portions of CSF were found for HVA (99+-59% increase; p lt 0.001) and 5-HIAA (88+-54% increase; p lt 0.001), wh ile the concentration gradient was slight for HMPG (11+-7% increase; p lt 0.001) . The existence of marked concentration gradients for the monoamine metabolites

HVA and 5-HIAA gives further evidence for an active transport system for these m etabolites and indicates that the lumbar CSF-HVA and 5-HIAA levels reflect the d opamine and serotinin metabolism in the brain. Moreover, the existence of pronou nced concentration gradients for HVA and 5-HIAA stresses the importance of makin g analyses on a standardized volume of CSF. AI: Y MC: Endocrine-System (Chemical-Coordination-and-Homeostasis); Metabolism-; Nerv ous-System (Neural-Coordination); Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); PhysiologyST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: human- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesCB: HOMOVANILLIC-ACID; 5-HYDROXYINDOLEACETIC-ACID; DOPAMINE-; SEROTONINRN: 306-08-1: HOMOVANILLIC ACID; 54-16-0: 5-HYDROXYINDOLEACETIC ACID; 51-61-6: DOPAMINE; 50-67-9: SEROTONIN MI: ACTIVE-TRANSPORT-SYSTEM; DOPAMINE-METABOLISM; HOMOVANILLIC-ACID; NEUROPSYCH IATRIC-DISEASE; SEROTONIN-METABOLISM; 4=HYDROXY-3-METHOXYPHENYLGLYCOL; 5=HYDROXY INDOLEACETIC-ACID AN: 199395111369 Record 66 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Alzheimer amyloid protein precursor complexes with brain GTP-binding protei n G-o. AU: Nishimoto-Iku {a}; Okamoto-Takashi {a}; Matsuura-Yoshiharu; Takahashi-Shuji ; Okamoto-Toshimi {a}; Murayama-Yoshitake; Ogata-Etsuro AD: {a} Dep. Med., Harv. Med. Sch., Cardiovascular Res. Cent., Mass. Gen. Hosp. -East, 149 13th St., Charlestown, MA 02129, USA SO: Nature-London. 1993; 362 (6415) 75-79. PY: 1993 DT: ArticleIS: 0028-0836 LA: English AB: The most characteristic change in progressive dementia of Alzheimer's type is a tissue deposit of amyloid beta/A-4 protein-1, which is derived from its pre cursor protein APP (ref. 2). Structural alternations of APP are implicated in th e pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, but it is not known how they cause the di sease. Although APP has a receptor-like architecture-2-5, is located on the neur onal surface-6, and has a conserved cytoplasmic domain-7, no receptor function h as been demonstrated for APP. Here we report that APP forms a complex with G-o, a major GTP-binding protein in brain. The cytoplasmic APP sequence His 657-Lys 6 76 shows a specific G-o-activating function and is necessary for complex formati on. G-o protein treated with GTP-gamma-S lost the ability to associate with APP. This suggests that APP is a receptor coupled to G-o and that abnormal APP-G-o s ignalling is involved in the Alzheimer's disease process. AI: Y MC: Biochemistry-and-Molecular-Biophysics; Nervous-System (Neural-Coordination) ; Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences) ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: human- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesCB: AMYLOIDSD: amino-acid-sequence RN: 11061-24-8: AMYLOID MI: ALZHEIMER'S-DISEASE; DEMENTIAAN: 199395111282 Record 67 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Motor impairment in Wilson's disease: I. Slowness of voluntary limb movemen

ts. AU: Hefter-H; Arendt-G; Stremmel-W; Freund-H-J AD: Dep. Neurol., Univ. Duesseldorf, W-4000 Duesseldorf 1, Germany SO: Acta-Neurologica-Scandinavica. 1993; 87 (2) 133-147. PY: 1993 DT: ArticleIS: 0001-6314 LA: English AB: Twenty-three patients with Wilson's disease (WD) treated with D-penicillami ne underwent clinical examination, as well as laboratory and motor testing. The clinical findings were scored. Laboratory tests included determination of the ca eruloplasmine level, the free serum copper level, 24 h urinary copper excretion, liver enzymes and in 10 patients liver copper content of a liver biopsy. Labora tory tests and clinical scores were correlated. To quantify impairment of volunt ary movements in WD fastest possible isometric index finger extensions and faste st alternating finger movements were analysed. Eleven patients presented with ab normally slow and 15 with abnormally irregular voluntary movements. Slowness of alternating movements correlated with the clinical score. The clinical score als o correlated with the duration of symptoms prior to onset of therapy. Motor test ing turned out to be sensitive enough to monitor improvement of neurological sym ptoms after onset of therapy. Comparison with motor testing in other basal gangl ia diseases and cerebellar patients showed differences to patients with Parkinso n's and Huntington's disease and similarities to patients suffering from AIDS-re lated dementia. In a small number of WD-patients similar results as in patients with a degenerative cerebellar disease were found. AI: Y MC: Gastroenterology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Metabolism-; Muscular -System (Movement-and-Support); Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); P athology-; PharmacologyST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: human- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesCB: D-PENICILLAMINE; CERULOPLASMIN-; COPPERRN: 52-67-5: D-PENICILLAMINE; 9031-37-2: CERULOPLASMIN; 7440-50-8: COPPER MI: CERULOPLASMIN-LEVEL; D=PENICILLAMINE-; DEGENERATIVE-CEREBELLAR-DISEASE; FIN GER-EXTENSIONS; HUNTINGTON'S-DISEASE; LIVER-ENZYMES; METABOLIC-DRUG; PARKINSON'S -DISEASE; THERAPY-; URINARY-COPPER-EXCRETION AN: 199395111272 Record 68 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Monoamine metabolism in the cerebrospinal fluid in Parkinson's disease: Rel ationship to clinical symptoms and subsequent therapeutic outcomes. AU: Tohgi-H {a}; Abe-T; Takahashi-S; Takahashi-J; Nozaki-Y; Ueno-M; Kikuchi-T AD: {a} Dep. Neurol., Iwate Med. Univ., 19-1 Uchimaru, Morioka 020, Japan SO: Journal-of-Neural-Transmission-Parkinson's-Disease-and-Dementia-Section. 19 93; 5 (1) 17-26. PY: 1993 DT: ArticleIS: 0936-3076 LA: English AB: We correlated monoamine concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid from de n ovo (untreated) patients with Parkinson's disease with their clinical symptoms a nd therapeutic outcome after two years of L-dopa with/without other anti-parkins on medication. A significant correlation was found between the severity of some parkinsonian symptoms and the reduction in particular monoamines: Hoehn and Yahr 's stage with dopamine, norepinephrine, and homovanillic acid: rigidity with dop amine; akinesia with dopamine and norepinephrine; freezing of gait with norepine phrine; and dementia with dopamine and homovanillic acid. Tremor had no correlat ions with the concentrations of the monoamines measured. Patients with dementia

had a significantly increased level of epinephrine concentrations. Insufficient therapeutic responses of individual symptoms were associated with significantly decreased concentrations of particular monoamines before treatment: Hoehn and Ya hr's stage with norepinephrine and epinephrine; akinesia with homovanillic acid and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid; and freezing of gait with dopamine, norepinephri ne, homovanillic acid, and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid. These results suggest a s ignificant correlation between the reduction in particular monoamines and the se verity of some parkinsonian symptoms and their subsequent responses to L-dopa. AI: Y MC: Endocrine-System (Chemical-Coordination-and-Homeostasis); Metabolism-; Musc ular-System (Movement-and-Support); Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences ); Pathology-; Pharmacology-; PhysiologyST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: human- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesCB: L-DOPA; DOPAMINE-; 5-HYDROXYINDOLEACETIC-ACID; NORADRENALINE-; HOMOVANILLIC -ACID RN: 59-92-7: L-DOPA; 51-61-6: DOPAMINE; 54-16-0: 5-HYDROXYINDOLEACETIC ACID; 51 -41-2: NORADRENALINE; 306-08-1: HOMOVANILLIC ACID MI: AKINESIA-; ANTIPARKINSONIAN-DRUG; DEMENTIA-; DOPAMINE-; FREEZING-GAIT; HOEH N-AND-YAHR'S-STAGE; HOMOVANILLIC-ACID; L=DOPA-; NORADRENALINE-; RIGIDITY-; SYMPT OM-SEVERITY; 5=HYDROXYINDOLEACETIC-ACID AN: 199395111116 Record 69 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Platelet monoamine oxidase B activity in Parkinson's disease: A re-evaluati on. AU: Jarman-J {a}; Glover-V; Sandler-M; Turjanski-N; Stern-G AD: {a} School Life Sci., Kingston Univ., Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames, S urrey KT1 2EE, UK SO: Journal-of-Neural-Transmission-Parkinson's-Disease-and-Dementia-Section. 19 93; 5 (1) 1-4. PY: 1993 DT: ArticleIS: 0936-3076 LA: English AB: An increase in platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) B activity in drug-free par kinsonians (n=6) compared with healthy controls (n=10) has been confirmed using both phenylethylamine (PEA) and dopamine as substrates, reaching statistical sig nificance in the case of PEA oxidising activity (p lt 0.05). Thus, certain repor ts of raised platelet MAO B activity towards PEA but decreased activity towards dopamine in parkinsonians, raising the possibility of the existence of an abnorm al form of MAO B in this condition, cannot be supported. AI: Y MC: Blood-and-Lymphatics (Transport-and-Circulation); Endocrine-System (Chemica l-Coordination-and-Homeostasis); Enzymology- (Biochemistry-and-Molecular-Biophys ics); Muscular-System (Movement-and-Support); Nervous-System (Neural-Coordinatio n); Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences) ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: human- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesCB: MONOAMINE-OXIDASE-B; PHENYLETHYLAMINE-; DOPAMINERN: 9001-66-5: MONOAMINE OXIDASE B; 64-04-0: PHENYLETHYLAMINE; 51-61-6: DOPAMIN E MI: DOPAMINE-; PHENYLETHYLAMINEAN: 199395111115 Record 70 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06

TI: Value and appropriate use of rating scales and apparative measurements in q uantification of disability in Parkinson's disease. AU: Baas-H {a}; Stecker-K; Fischer-P-A AD: {a} Dep. Neurol., Univ. Frankfurt/Main, Schleusenweg 2-16, D-W-6000 Frankfu rt/Main, Germany SO: Journal-of-Neural-Transmission-Parkinson's-Disease-and-Dementia-Section. 19 93; 5 (1) 45-61. PY: 1993 DT: ArticleIS: 0936-3076 LA: English AB: Despite widespread use in pharmacotherapeutical trials, in the majority of rating scales used in Parkinson's disease (PD) validity, reliability and appropr iate use have never been confirmed by statistical data. For this reason 350 unse lected PD-pats, was investigated by an extensive standardized test-battery inclu ding registration of basis data. Columbia University Rating Scale (CURS), scale for assessment of functional disability (ADL), SCAG-scale, Hoehn & Jahr-scale (H ), mod. Webster step second-test (WSST), Purdue-pegboard, questionnaire for subj ective complaints (SC), WDG, LPS1/2, 3/4, 6, 7, 10, clinical assessment of demen tia, v. Zerssen-scale and orthostatic hypotension (60 degree tilt up). For CURS, SCAG and ADL instrumental reliability was calculated by Cronbach's alpha. For C URS, SCAG, ADL and the total data of complete test battery (CTB) principal compo nent analysis (PCA) was performed for data reduction CURS, SCAG, and ADL showed high internal consistency (alpha apprx gtoreq 0.9). For CURS 5 factors accountin g for 66% total variance could be extracted by PCA. They represent gait, rigidit y, tremor, righ/ left dexterity (eigenvalues gt 1). For SCAG 3 factors (61% of t otal variance) representing dementia, depression and change of personality were extracted. For ADL 3 factors (67% of total variance) could be extracted, represe nting overall functional disability, handwriting and disability by pain. PCA of the CTB identified 8 interpretable factors (66% of total variance) characterizin g at least partially the clinical profile of PD: 1. motor disability (assessment by rating-scales) 2, dementia, 3. motor-disability (assessment by apparative me asurements), 4. depression, 5. orthostatic hypotension, 6. WDG, 7. tremor and 8. pain. Our data confirm the suitability of the investigated scales and give a ra tional base for their appropriate use in a sense of data reduction and economica l evaluation. AI: Y MC: Cardiovascular-Medicine (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Muscular-System (Movement-and-Support); Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Psychiat ry- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences) ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: human- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesMI: COLUMBIA-UNIVERSITY-RATING-SCALE; DATA-REDUCTION; DEMENTIA-CLINICAL-ASSESSM ENT; DEPRESSION-; FUNCTIONAL-DISABILITY-ASSESSMENT-SCALE; GAIT-; HANDWRITING-; H OEHN-AND-YAHR-SCALE; INSTRUMENTAL-RELIABILITY; LPS1-2-3-4-6-7-10; ORTHOSTATIC-HY POTENSION; PAIN-; PERSONALITY-CHANGE; PURDUE-PEGBOARD; RIGHT-LEFT-DEXTERITY; RIG IDITY-; SCAG-SCALE; STATISTICAL-EVALUATION; SUBJECTIVE-COMPLAINT-QUESTIONNAIRE; TREMOR-; VON-ZERSSEN-SCALE; WD6-; WEBSTER-STEP-SECOND-TEST AN: 199395111113 Record 71 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: AU: AD: SO: 93; PY: DT: Speed and power of higher cerebral functions in parkinsonian patients. Helscher-R-J {a}; Pinter-M-M {a} Neurol. Krankenhaus Rosenhugel, Riedelgasse 5, A-1130 Vienna, Austria Journal-of-Neural-Transmission-Parkinson's-Disease-and-Dementia-Section. 19 5 (1) 35-44. 1993 Article-

IS: 0936-3076 LA: English AB: We compared 21 idiopathic, pharmaceutically well managed parkinsonian patie nts, neurological stages I and II on the Hoehn and Yahr scale with 21 parkinsoni an patients stage III and 19 healthy controls group-matched for age, sex and edu cation to study to what extent impairments of fluid intelligence in parkinsonian patients are due to a slowing of cognitive processes, i.e. to bradyphrenia (a d eficit in the speed component) or to a true performance deficit (a deficit in th e power component. The Vienna Matrices Test, which is similar to Raven's Standar d Progressive Matrices was presented to the patients in a modified form. The Cog nitrone was used to measure the influence of vigilance and perception on the cer ebral function assessed. With increasing neurological severity of the disease, t he dimension examined showed true deficits in the power component. There was no bradyphrenia in the sense of slower performance which would otherwise be equal t o that of the control subjects. Vigilance and perception did not change in the c ourse of the disease. AI: Y MC: Muscular-System (Movement-and-Support); Nervous-System (Neural-Coordination ); Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Psychiatry- (Human-Medicine, M edical-Sciences) ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: human- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesMI: BRADYPHRENIA-; FLUID-INTELLIGENCE-IMPAIRMENT; PERCEPTION-; SLOWING-COGNITIV E-PROCESSES; TRUE-PERFORMANCE-DEFICIT; VIGILANCEAN: 199395111112 Record 72 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Retraction of BA 93055525. Amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles and neu ronal loss in brains of transgenic mice overexpressing a carboxyl-terminal fragm ent of human amyloid precursor protein. Retracted by authors Shigeki Kawabata, G erald A. Higgins and Jon W. Gordon. Retraction published in NATURE (LOND) Vol. 3 56. Iss. 6364. 1992. p. 23. AU: Kawabata-Shigeki; Higgins-Gerald-A; Gordon-Jon-W {a} AD: {a} Dep. Geriatr. Adult Dev., Mt. Sinai Med. Cent., 2056 Annenberg, New Yor k, NY 10029, USA SO: Nature-London. 1991; 354 (6353) 476-478. PY: 1991 DT: Article-Erratum IS: 0028-0836 LA: English AB: Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects more than 30% of people over 80 years of a ge. The aetiology and pathogenesis of this progressive dementia is poorly unders tood, but symptomatic disease is associated histopathologically with amyloid pla ques, neurofibrillary tangles and neuronal loss primarily in the temporal lobe a nd neocortex of the brain. The core of the extracellular plaque is a derivative of the amyloid precursor protein (APP), referred to as beta/A4 (refs 4-6), and c ontains the amino-acid residues 29-42 that are normally embedded in the membrane -spanning region of the precursor. The cellular source of APP and the relationsh ip of its deposition to the neuropathology of AD is unknown. To investigate the relationship between APP overexpression and amyloidogenesis, we have developed a vector to drive expression specifically in neurons of a C-terminal fragment of APP that contains the beta/A4 region, and have used a transgenic mouse system to insert and express this construct. We report here that overexpression of this A PP transgene in neurons is sufficient to produce extracellular dense-core amyloi d plaques, neurofibrillary tangles and neuronal degeneration similar to that in the AD brain. (This article has been retracted.) AI: Y MC: Biochemistry-and-Molecular-Biophysics; Genetics-; Nervous-System (Neural-Co

ordination) ST: Muridae-: Rodentia-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: Muridae- (Muridae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; mammals-; nonhuman-vertebrates; nonhuman-mammals; rod ents-; vertebratesCB: AMYLOIDRN: 11061-24-8: AMYLOID MI: ALZHEIMER'S-DISEASE; ETIOLOGY-; HISTOPATHOLOGY-; PATHOGENESIS-; RETRACTED-A RTICLE AN: 199395111095 Record 73 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Sequencing of exons 16 and 17 of the beta-amyloid precursor protein gene re veals the beta-amyloid sequence to be normal in cases of the parkinson dementia complex of Guam. AU: Chartier-Harlin-M-C {a}; Crawford-F; Perl-D-P; Steele-J; Hardy-J AD: {a} Alzheimer's Disease Research Group, Dep. Biochemistry, St. Mary's Hospi tal Med. Sch., London W2 1PG, UK SO: Journal-of-Neural-Transmission-Parkinson's-Disease-and-Dementia-Section. 19 93; 5 (1) 63-65. PY: 1993 DT: ArticleIS: 0936-3076 LA: English AB: Exons 16 and 17 of the beta-amyloid precursor protein gene has been sequenc ed in individuals with the amyotropic lateral sclerosis/Parkinson's dementia com plex of Guam to test the hypothesis that this disease is an allelic variant of A lzheimer's disease and to test whether sequence differences within beta-amyloid in this population contributes to the non-deposition of this peptide in the diso rder. The sequence was normal. AI: Y MC: Behavior-; Biochemistry-and-Molecular-Biophysics; Epidemiology- (Population -Studies); Genetics-; Muscular-System (Movement-and-Support); Neurology- (HumanMedicine, Medical-Sciences); Psychiatry- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences) ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: human- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesCB: AMYLOIDRN: 11061-24-8: AMYLOID MI: ALLELIC-VARIANT; ALZHEIMER'S-DISEASE; AMYOTROPIC-LATERAL-SCLEROSIS-PARKINSO N'S-DEMENTIA-COMPLEX; EPIDEMIOLOGY-; SEQUENCE-DIFFERENCES; WEST-PACIFIC-OCEAN AN: 199395108413 Record 74 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Profiles of language impairment in primary progressive aphasia. AU: Karbe-Hans; Kertesz-Andrew {a}; Polk-Marsha AD: {a} Dep. Clinical Neurological Sciences, University Western Ontario, St. Jo seph's Hospital, 268 Grosvenor St., London, Ontario, Can. N6A 4V2 SO: Archives-of-Neurology. 1993; 50 (2) 193-201. PY: 1993 DT: ArticleIS: 0003-9942 LA: English AB: Objective: The profile of language impairment in patients with primary prog ressive aphasia in comparison with the language impairment in patients with Alzh eimer's disease and after stroke. Disign: The Western Aphasia Battery ane the Ma ttis Dementia Rating Scale evaluated the language and cognitive impairment. Foll ow-up studies were done 1 to 5 years after the initial testing in seven of 10 pa

tients with primary progressive aphasia, and a postmortem examination of the bra in was done in two patients. Setting: All 10 patients with primary progressive a phasia were previously healthy, community-dwelling persons when first tested. Pa tients and Other Participants: All patients with primary progressive aphasia rep orted at least a 2-year history of slowly progressive aphasia without other sign s of global dementia. The initial Western Aphasia Battery results of the 10 pati ents with primary progressive aphasia were compared with those of a sample of 10 patients with probable Alzheimer's disease and with those of a sample of 10 pat ients with aphasia due to a left hemispheric stroke. Both reference samples were matched for age and sex; the sample with stroke-caused aphasia was additionally matched for the aphasia type. Results: Expressive language disability with redu ced speech fluency and anomia but preserved language comprehension and nonverbal cognition were typical features in early stages of primary progressive aphasia. Spontaneous speech was significantly more impaired in patients with primary pro gressive aphasia in comparison with those with aphasia after left hemisphere str oke and with language impairment in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Follow-up examinations revealed continuous, often rapid deterioration of language impairm ent. The neuropathological examination showed Alzheimer's disease in one patient and Pick's disease in the other. Conclusion: The profile of aphasia suggests th at primary progressive aphasia tends to affect anterior parts of the language-do minant cortex first. AI: Y MC: Behavior-; Cardiovascular-Medicine (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Nerv ous-System (Neural-Coordination); Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Pathology-; Psychiatry- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Sense-Organs (Senso ry-Reception) ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: human- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesMI: ALZHEIMER'S-DISEASE; COGNITIVE-IMPAIRMENT; LANGUAGE-DOMINANT-CORTEX; MATTIS -DEMENTIA-SCALE; STROKE-; WESTERN-APHASIA-BATTERY AN: 199395102898 Record 75 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Adverse clinical events in dependent long-term nursing home residents. AU: Bernardini-Bruno {a}; Meinecke-Claudia; Zaccarini-Cinzia; Bongiorni-Nadia; Fabbrini-Stefano; Gilardi-Camilla; Bonaccorso-Orazio; Guaita-Antonio AD: {a} Ist. Geriatrico, P. Redaelli, Via B. D'Alviano 78, 20146 Milano, Italy SO: Journal-of-the-American-Geriatrics-Society. 1993; 41 (2) 105-111. PY: 1993 DT: ArticleIS: 0002-8614 LA: English AB: Objective: To assess the occurrence, type, and burden of adverse clinical e vents (ACE) among residents of chronic facilities. An ACE is any acute or subacu te change in health status suggesting acute or subacute illness. Design: Survey with face-to-face functional assessment and 3-month retrospective chart review. Study Population: One hundred six continuing-care residents with a minimum lengt h of stay of 4 months at an Italian chronic care facility. Measurements: Functio nal assessment and chart review-based classification of ACE burden on care manag ement according to a clinical-functional Severity Rating Scale. Main Results: Fu nctional dependence, dementia and concurrent clinical problems were common. Two hundred seventy-three ACEs were detected. Eighty-nine percent of residents exper ienced at least one ACE. Only 21% of ACEs could be managed by simple medical int ervention and monitoring within 1 day; in 23% there was need for more complex ca re management; 7% of the latter ACEs resulted in residual (new) functional impai rment. Cardiovascular and gastrointestinal systems were most commonly involved i n ACEs. Neurological ACEs were the most frequent category leading to new functio nal impairment (22%). ACE occurrence/burden was higher in male residents (P lt 0

.01) and strongly associated with the number of concurrent medical problems (P l t 0.001). Neither cognitive nor functional dependence levels were related to ACE occurrence. Conclusions: This description of the burden on care management resu lting from acute and subacute changes in clinical and functional status of chron ic patients emphasizes the continuing and unpredictable nature of medical attent ion required in a nursing home or chronic care facility. ACEs occur far more fre quently among the elderly than is generally recognized. Thus a high level of med ical and nursing skill is necessary in chronic care facilities. AI: Y MC: Geriatrics- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Pathology-; Public-Health ( Allied-Medical-Sciences) ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: human- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesGE: USA- (North-America, Nearctic-region) MI: GERIATRICS-; HEALTH-CARE-PROFESSIONAL; NURSING-SKILL AN: 199395102475 Record 76 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Selenium and oxygen-metabolizing enzymes in elderly community residents: A pilot epidemiological study. AU: Berr-Claudine {a}; Nicole-Annie; Godin-Jean; Ceballos-Picot-Irene; Thevenin -Marc; Dartigues-Jean-Francois; Alperovitch-Annick AD: {a} INSERM U360, Epidemiologial Res. Neuroepidemiology Psychopathology, 16 Ave Paul Vaillant Couturier 94807, Villejuif Cedex, France SO: Journal-of-the-American-Geriatrics-Society. 1993; 41 (2) 143-148. PY: 1993 DT: ArticleIS: 0002-8614 LA: English AB: Objective: To investigate the relationship of selenium and oxygen-deactivat ing enzymes with age in the elderly. Sample: The study sample consisted of volun teers recruited from the PAQUID study. This study is conductd in a representativ e sample of non-institutionalized individuals aged gtoreq 65 years living in Sou thwestern France; its main objective is to study longitudinally the incidence an d risk factors of dementia. Methods: Plasma and erythrocyte selenium and activit ies of oxygen metabolizing enzymes in erythrocytes (GSH-Px, CuZn-SOD, and GSSG-R D) were measured in 239 volunteers (108 males and 131 females; mean age 73.7 yea rs). Results: Plasma selenium (PSe) decreased significantly with age; a similar but non-significant trend was found for erythrocyte selenium (ESe). None of the enzyme activities showed a clear relationship with age. Women had significantly higher GSH-Px activities than men. For PSe levels lower than 77 ng/mL, there was strong correlation decreased, suggesting that the selenium requirement for GSHPx production had been satisfied. In this sample, CuZn-SOD was correlated negati vely with GSH-Px (r = -0.18; P ltoreq 0.01) and positively with GSSG-RD (r = +0. 20; P ltoreq 0.01). Conclusions: In individuals aged gtoreq 65 years, we found t hat blood selenium levels were negatively correlatd with age. Our analysis of th e relationship between selenium and GSH-Px activity suggests that low selenium v alues are associated with decreased GSH-Px activity. AI: Y MC: Blood-and-Lymphatics (Transport-and-Circulation); Enzymology- (Biochemistry -and-Molecular-Biophysics); Geriatrics- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Huma n-Ecology (Anthropology-); Metabolism-; Nutrition-; Public-Health (Allied-Medica l-Sciences) ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: human- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesCB: SELENIUM-; OXYGEN-; GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE GE: USA- (North-America, Nearctic-region)

RN: 7782-49-2: SELENIUM; 7782-44-7: OXYGEN; 9013-66-5: GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE MI: BLOOD-CONCENTRATION; GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE AN: 199395101987 Record 77 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Factor structure and scoring of the SKT test battery. AU: Kim-Yong-S; Nibbelink-Donald-W {a}; Overall-John-E AD: {a} R and D Div., Du Pont Merck Pharmaceutical Company, Barley Mill Plaza, Wilmington DE 19880-0027, USA SO: Journal-of-Clinical-Psychology. 1993; 49 (1) 61-71. PY: 1993 DT: ArticleIS: 0021-9762 LA: English AB: The SKT (Syndrom Kurztest) has been used in the assessment of treatment res ponses in numerous clinicla trials for treatment of dementia in German-speaking Europe. Data from 265 patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease in a st udy conducted in the U.S. were analyzed to evaluate factor structure, common and specific subtest content, reliability, and concurrent validity. Results confirm the presence of two primary factors of memory and attention. Test-retest reliab ility of the factor scores was estimated to be .75 and .93. Test-retest reliabil ity of the composite SKT total score was .90. The correlations between the SKT m emory and attention factor scores and the MMSE and ADAS measurements of dementia also support validity with regard to the broader construct of cognitive dysfunc tion. AI: Y MC: Behavior-; Psychiatry- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences) ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: Hominidae- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesMI: ALZHEIMER'S-DISEASE; COGNITIVE-DYSFUNCTION; MEMORY-ATTENTION; SYNDROME-KURZ TEST AN: 199395101859 Record 78 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Semantic dementia: Progressive fluent aphasia with temporal lobe atrophy. AU: Hodges-John-R {a}; Patterson-Karalyn; Oxbury-Susan; Funnell-Elaine AD: {a} Dep. Neurol., Addenbrook's Hosp., Hills Rd., Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK SO: Brain-. 1992; 115 (6) 1783-1806. PY: 1992 DT: ArticleIS: 0006-8950 LA: English AB: We report five patients with a stereotyped clinical syndrome characterized by fluent dysphasia with severe anomia, reduced vocabulary and prominent impairm ent of single-word comprehension, processing to a stage of virtually complete di ssolution of the semantic components of language. A marked reduction in the abil ity to generate exemplars from restricted semantic categories (e.g. animals, veh icles, etc.) was a consistent and early feature. Tests of semantic memory demons trated a radically impoverished knowledge about a range of living and man-made i tems. In contrast, phonology and grammar of spoken language were largely preserv ed, as was comprehension of complex syntactic commands. Reading showed a pattern of surface dyslexia. Autobiological and day-to-day (episodic) memory were relat ively retained. Non-verbal memory, perceptual and visuospatial abilities were al so strikingly preserved. In some cases, behavioural and personality changes may supervene; one patient developed features of the Kluver-Bucy Syndrome. Radiologi cal investigations have shown marked focal temporal atrophy in all five patients , and functional imaging by single positron emission tomography and positron emi

ssion tomography (one case) have implicated the dominant temporal lobe in all fi ve. In the older literature, such cases would have been subsumed under the rubri c of Pick's disease. Others have been included in series with progressive aphasi a. We propose the term semantic dementia, first coined by Snowden et al. (1989), to designate this clinical syndrome. AI: Y MC: Behavior-; Morphology-; Nervous-System (Neural-Coordination); Neurology- (H uman-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Pathology-; Psychiatry- (Human-Medicine, Medic al-Sciences); Radiology- (Medical-Sciences); Sense-Organs (Sensory-Reception) ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: human- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesMI: ANOMIA-; DOMINANT-TEMPORAL-LOBE; DYSLEXIA-; POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; R EDUCED-VOCABULARY; SEMANTIC-MEMORY; SINGLE-WORD-COMPREHENSION-IMPAIRMENT AN: 199395101849 Record 79 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Indications for computed tomographic brain scanning in psychiatric inpatien ts. AU: Berk-M AD: Dep. Psychiatry, Univ. Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, S. Afr SO: SAMJ-South-African-Medical-Journal. 1992; 82 (5) 338-340. PY: 1992 DT: ArticleIS: 0256-9574 LA: English AB: This study examined the rate of use of computed tomographic (CT) scanning a s well as clinical parameters pertaining to that used in psychiatric patients. T hese patients were compared with a randomly selected control group of psychiatri c patients who were not scanned. In addition, scan abnormalities were examined a nd correlated with clinical and electro-encephalographic (EEG) data. CT scanning was used on 13,5% of admissions. On axis 1 of the DSM III-R, the CT scan group had a significantly higher incidence of delirium and dementia (P lt 0,05) and a much higher rate of medical illness (P lt 0.01) on axis 3. The rate of CT abnorm ality was fairly high at 42,2%. An abnormal CT scan was associated with the diag nosis of dementia, the presence of organic mental status abnormality and of abno rmality on neurological examination. Focally abnormal CT scans were associated w ith focally abnormal EEGs in a significant number of patients (P lt 0,05). AI: Y MC: Methods-and-Techniques; Morphology-; Nervous-System (Neural-Coordination); Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Pathology-; Psychiatry- (Human-Me dicine, Medical-Sciences); Radiology- (Medical-Sciences) ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: human- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesMI: ABNORMAL-ORGANIC-MENTAL-STATUS; DELIRIUM-; DEMENTIA-; DIAGNOSTIC-AND-STATIS TICAL-MANUAL-OF-MENTAL-DISORDERS-III-REVISED; DIAGNOSTIC-METHOD; ELECTROENCEPHAL OGRAPHY-; INCREASED-MEDICAL-ILLNESS-RATE AN: 199395101839 Record 80 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Coexistence of the Ekbom syndrome and lilliputian hallucination. AU: Kanazawa-Akira {a}; Hata-Takeshi AD: {a} Dep. Neuropsychiatry, Ehime Univ. Sch. Med., Shitukawa, Sigenobu-cho, O nsen-gun, Ehime 791-02, Japan SO: Psychopathology-. 1992; 25 (4) 209-211. PY: 1992 DT: Article-

IS: 0254-4962 LA: English AB: A patient who showed Ekbom's syndrome, i.e. delusions of parasitosis, and a lso lilliputian hallucination is described. She was diagnosed as senile dementia based on the diagnostic criteria of DSM-III-R and cerebral imaging techniques. When she was 74 years, she felt a mowworm-like wriggle in her stomach and their travels all over her body. When she was 78 years, she saw dressed-up dwarfs danc e or march on her abdomen. Since the case showed simultaneously delusions of par asitosis and lilliputian hallucinations, it cannot be denied that she was undete cted lesions in the brainstem. In this case, the delusions and hallucinations se em to have occurred as a part of pyschopathological signs of senile dementia. AI: Y MC: Behavior-; Geriatrics- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Neurology- (Huma n-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Psychiatry- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences) ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, Animalia-; Invert ebrata-Unspecified: Invertebrata-, AnimaliaOR: Hominidae- (Hominidae-); Invertebrata- (Invertebrata-Unspecified) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; invertebrates-; mammals-; primates-; vertebr atesMI: BRAINSTEM-LESION; DELUSION-OF-PARASITOSIS; HUMAN-ELDERLY; SENILE-DEMENTIA AN: 199395101837 Record 81 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: AIDS dementia-related psychosis: Is there a window of vulnerability? AU: El-Mallakh-R-S AD: Mood Disorders Res. Programs, Dep. Psychiatry Behavioral Sci., University L ouisville Sch. Med., Louisville, KY 40292, USA SO: AIDS-Care. 1992; 4 (4) 381-387. PY: 1992 DT: ArticleIS: 0954-0121 LA: English AB: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) frequently enters the central nervous sy stem (CNS) soon after infection, and frequently produces a wide variety of neuro logic, cognitive, and psychiatric complications. Although, the entire spectrum o f psychiatric illnesses may be seen in individuals with HIV infection, most are probably not directly caused by the virus. Psychiatric manifestations that are t he direct result of HIV infection are usually seen in the setting of HIV-associa ted dementia. In this paper, it is proposed that these psychiatric manifestation s of HIV infection can be phenomenologically separated into positive and negativ e symptoms. Negative symptoms are deficit states presenting as cognitive, social , or motivational deterioration; positive symptoms are psychotic or manic states that may occur in the course of the dementing illness. It is further purposed t hat there is a window of vulnerability to psychosis or mania that occurs relativ ely early in the dementing process. Consequently, advancing dementia would be ex pected to be associated with remission of psychosis. AI: Y MC: Behavior-; Infection-; Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Psych iatry- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences) ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, Animalia-; Retrov iridae-: VirusesOR: human- (Hominidae-); human-immunodeficiency-virus (Retroviridae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; microorganisms-; primates-; verteb rates-; virusesMI: COGNITIVE-COMPLICATIONS; MANIC-STATES; MOTIVATION-; NEUROLOGIC-COMPLICATION S; PSYCHIATRIC-COMPLICATIONS; PSYCHOTIC-STATES; SOCIAL-DETERIORATION AN: 199395101833 Record 82 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06

TI: Methanesulfonyl fluoride (MSF) blocks scopolamine-induced amnesia in rats. AU: Palacios-Esquivel-R-L; Pacheco-G; Moss-D-E {a} AD: {a} Dep. Psychology, University Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968 SO: Neurobiology-of-Aging. 1993; 14 (1) 93-96. PY: 1993 DT: ArticleIS: 0197-4580 LA: English AB: Cholinesterase inhibitors, such as physostigmine and tetrahydroaminoacridin e, have been found to alleviate some of the memory deficits characteristic of se nile dementia of the Alzheimer's type (SDAT). Many toxic side effects, however, have been associated with the use of these compounds. Recently, a cholinesterase inhibitor, methanesulfonyl fluoride (MSF), was discovered to have low toxicity, central nervous system (CNS) selectivity, and a long therapeutic duration. The purpose of this research was to determine if MSF (1.5 mg/kg) would be effective in reducing or blocking amnesia induced by various doses of scopolamine (0.2, 0. 6, and 2.0 mg/kg). One hundred and twenty-two female Sprague-Dawley albino rats were trained and retention tested in a Y-maze brightness discrimination task. MS F was highly effective in reducing scopolamine-induced amnesia. AI: Y MC: Cell-Biology; Enzymology- (Biochemistry-and-Molecular-Biophysics); NervousSystem (Neural-Coordination); PharmacologyST: Muridae-: Rodentia-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: Muridae- (Muridae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; mammals-; nonhuman-vertebrates; nonhuman-mammals; rod ents-; vertebratesCB: FLUORIDE-; SCOPOLAMINE-; PHYSOSTIGMINE-; CHOLINESTERASERN: 16984-48-8: FLUORIDE; 51-34-3: SCOPOLAMINE; 57-47-6: PHYSOSTIGMINE; 9001-08 -5: CHOLINESTERASE MI: CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM-SELECTIVITY; CHOLINERGIC-HYPOTHESIS; CHOLINESTERASEINHIBITOR; COGNITION-ACTIVATOR; PHYSOSTIGMINE-; TETRAHYDROAMINOACRIDINEAN: 199395100982 Record 83 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Age-related decrease of the NMDA receptor-mediated noradrenaline release in rat hippocampus and partial restoration by D-cycloserine. AU: Pittaluga-Anna; Fedele-Ernesto; Risiglione-Carmen; Raiteri-Maurizio {a} AD: {a} Ist. Farmacol. Farmacog., Univ. degli Studi di Genova, Viale Cembrano 4 , 16148 Genova, Italy SO: European-Journal-of-Pharmacology. 1993; 231 (1) 129-134. PY: 1993 DT: ArticleIS: 0014-2999 LA: English AB: The release of (3H)noradrenaline ((3H)NA) evoked by N-methyl-D-aspartate (N MDA) from superfused rat hippocampus synaptosomes was monitored during aging. Th e maximal effects of NMDA decreased with age from 50% (1.5 months) to 10% enhanc ement (24 months). Quisqualic acid (100 mu-M) also enhanced (3H)NA release. Its effect decreased with age with a pattern partly different from that of NMDA. Gly cine (1 mu-M) potentiated the (3H)NA releasing effect of 100 mu-M NMDA. Unexpect edly, the potentiation which amounted to 50% at 1.5 months, reached almost 200% and 300% in the 18- and 24-month-old rats, respectively, thus compensating in pa rt for the age-related loss of the NMDA-induced effect. Concentration-response r elationships for glycine at 3 vs. 24 months suggest that the glycine receptor is superresponsive in the aged brain. This may be due to more efficient glycine re moval or/and to impaired release since uptake of the amino acid was increased by 350% in 24- vs. 3-month-old rats, while the K+-evoked tritium release from syna ptosomes prelabeled with (3H)glycine was decreased. D-Cycloserine, although abou

t 10 times less potent than glycine, strongly enhanced the NMDA-evoked (3H)NA re lease and may prove useful in cognitive deficits associated with aging and demen tia. AI: Y MC: Development-; Endocrine-System (Chemical-Coordination-and-Homeostasis); Mem branes- (Cell-Biology); Nervous-System (Neural-Coordination); PharmacologyST: Muridae-: Rodentia-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: Muridae- (Muridae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; mammals-; nonhuman-vertebrates; nonhuman-mammals; rod ents-; vertebratesCB: NORADRENALINE-; D-CYCLOSERINE; N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE; NOREPINEPHRINERN: 51-41-2: NORADRENALINE; 68-41-7: D-CYCLOSERINE; 6384-92-5: N-METHYL-D-ASPAR TATE; 51-41-2: NOREPINEPHRINE MI: N=METHYL-D-ASPARTATE; NOREPINEPHRINEAN: 199395100969 Record 84 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Behavior-related cortical activity and swim-to-platform performance in the aged rat. AU: Vanderwolf-C-H AD: Dep. Psychol., Univ. Western Ontario, London, Ont. N6A 5C2, Canada SO: Behavioural-Brain-Research. 1992; 52 (2) 153-158. PY: 1992 DT: ArticleIS: 0166-4328 LA: English AB: Aged rats (26 months) usually retained normal acetylcholine-dependent and s erotonin-dependent forms of neocortical low-voltage fast activity and serotonindependent hippocampal rhythmical slow-wave activity. In a simple swin-to-platfor m test, aged rats (23 and 26 months) performed normally in acquisition and in re tention over a 7-day period. The results are discussed in relation to the common assumption that aged rats provide a valid model of human senile dementia. AI: Y MC: Aging-; Behavior-; Development-; Nervous-System (Neural-Coordination) ST: Muridae-: Rodentia-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: Muridae- (Muridae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; mammals-; nonhuman-vertebrates; nonhuman-mammals; rod ents-; vertebratesMI: BASAL-FOREBRAIN-LOSS; COGNITIVE-ABILITY; SENILE-DEMENTIA AN: 199395100113 Record 85 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Quantitative synaptic alterations in the human neocortex during normal agin g. AU: Masliah-E {a}; Mallory-M; Hansen-L; Deteresa-R; Terry-R-D AD: {a} Dep. Neurosci., Univ. Calif. San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0624 SO: Neurology-. 1993; 43 (1) 192-197. PY: 1993 DT: ArticleIS: 0028-3878 LA: English AB: We quantified the synaptic population density in the frontal cortex of 25 i ndividuals without dementia 16 to 98 years old, using sections double-immunolabe led for beta/A4 amyloid and for synaptophysin, and found a significant inverse c orrelation between the presynaptic terminal (PT) counts and age (r = -0.7, p lt 0.001). Individuals older than 60 years had an average 20% decrease in PT densit y compared with individuals younger than 60 years. There were no significant cor relations between the age and the number of beta/A4 amyloid-positive plaques or

between synaptic density and the number of amyloid plaques. Further analysis of the digitized serial optical images showed focal areas of synapses loss and dist ended synaptophysin-containing boutons in the mature plaques of the normal aged cases. However, we found no microscopic changes in the synaptic content inside a nd outside the diffuse plaques. We suggest that a loss of synaptic input in the neocortex is an age-dependent factor that contributes to the overall synaptic lo ss in Alzheimer's disease, but that this might be largely independent of the bet a/A4-amyloid deposition. AI: Y MC: Development-; Geriatrics- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Nervous-Syste m (Neural-Coordination); Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences) ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: Hominidae- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesCB: AMYLOIDRN: 11061-24-8: AMYLOID MI: ALZHEIMER'S-DISEASE; BETA=A4-AMYLOID-DEPOSITION; PRESYNAPTIC-TERMINAL-DENSI TY; SYNAPTIC-LOSS; SYNAPTOPHYSINAN: 199395099880 Record 86 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Clinical, neuroimaging, and environmental risk differences in monozygotic f emale twins appearing discordant for dementia of the Alzheimer type. AU: Small-Gary-W {a}; Leuchter-Andrew-F; Mandelkern-Mark-A; La-Rue-Asenath; Oko nek-Anna; Lufkin-Robert-B; Jarvik-Lissy-F; Matsuyama-Steven-S; Bondareff-William AD: {a} UCLA Neuropsychiatric Institute, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90 024 SO: Archives-of-Neurology. 1993; 50 (2) 209-219. PY: 1993 DT: ArticleIS: 0003-9942 LA: English AB: Objective: The study of monozgotic twins can elucidate possible environment al causes for a disease in genetically identical subjects. To this end, we studi ed a pair of monozygotic female twins appearing discordant for dementia of the A lzeimer type (DAT). Design: Clinical and neuroimaging findings were compared in terms of potential environmental risk factors. Setting: University referral cent er. Participants: An 81-year-old female monozygotic twin pair. Outcome Measures: Clinical assessments, standardized rating scales, and brain imaging studies, in cluding magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, and electroenc ephalography, were performed. Neuropsychological tests were performed initially and after 1 year. Results: Although DAT was confirmed clinically in only one twi n, neuropsychological and brain imaging studies suggested that the unaffected tw in may be developing the prodrome of DT. The twins' varied life histories sugges t that environmental risk factors may contribute to apparent discordance for DAT and possible delay in disease onset for the currently nondemented twin. Conclus ions: These results suggest that both genetic and nongenetic factors influence d isease onset and expression. Moreover, review of previous reports of monozygotic twin pairs concordant or discordant for Alzheimer's disease, with adequate fami ly history data, suggest a pattern indicating interactions among age of dementia onset, sex, and familiality. Such patterns point to hypotheses regarding neurob iologically meaningful Alzheimer's disease subgroups. AI: Y MC: Behavior-; Genetics-; Methods-and-Techniques; Morphology-; Nervous-System ( Neural-Coordination); Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Pathology-; Psychiatry- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Public-Health (Allied-Medical-S ciences); Radiology- (Medical-Sciences) ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: Hominidae- (Hominidae-)

TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesMI: DISEASE-EXPRESSION; DISEASE-ONSET; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY-; GENETIC-FACTOR; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE-IMAGING; POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY AN: 199395099741 Record 87 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: A clinicopathologic study of 100 cases of Parkinson's disease. AU: Hughes-Andrew-J; Daniel-Susan-E; Blankson-Siobhan; Lees-Andrew-J {a} AD: {a} Parkinson's Disease Society Brain Bank, Institute Neurology, 1 Wakefiel d St., London WC1N 1PJ, England SO: Archives-of-Neurology. 1993; 50 (2) 140-148. PY: 1993 DT: ArticleIS: 0003-9942 LA: English AB: The clinical details of 100 cases of histologically confirmed Parkinson's d isease were examined and correlated with pathologic findings. Age at disease ons et (mean, 62.4 years), disease duration (mean, 13.1 years), and age at death (me an, 75.5 years) were similar to those in previous smaller series. Asymmetric, tr emulous onset was most common, although 23% of patients had no rest tremor. Moto r fluctuations and dyskinesias occurred in 60% of levodopa-treated patients. All patients had clinical parkinsonism; however, 12 had atypical clinical features of Parkinson's disease, including severe early dementia, fluctuating confusional states, no response to levodopa, and early marked autonomic disturbance. Neurop athologic examination found coexistent Alzheimer-type change in 17 cases and str iatal abnormality sbd mainly vascular sbd in 34 cases. Cortical Lewy bodies were present in all cases, but only four satisfied proposed criteria for diffuse Lew y body disease. Dementia occurred in 44% of cases; 29% had Alzheimer's disease, 10% had numerous cortical Lewy bodies, and 6% had a possible vascular cause; in 55% no definite pathologic cause was found. Nigral cell loss correlated with dis ease duration and severity. Although the general pattern of disease conformed to traditional descriptions, the findings broaden the present clinical and patholo gic spectrum of Parkinson's disease. AI: Y MC: Cell-Biology; Development-; Muscular-System (Movement-and-Support); Nervous -System (Neural-Coordination); Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences) ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: human- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesMI: AGE-; CORTICAL-LEWY-BODY; DISEASE-DURATION; DISEASE-ONSET; NEUROPATHOLOGY-; NIGRAL-CELL-LOSS AN: 199395099735 Record 88 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Do environmental neurotoxins or novel infectious agents play a role in the genesis of Alzheimer's disease? AU: Dastur-Darab-K; Manghani-Daya-K AD: Med. Res. Centre, Bombay Hosp. Trust, Dep. Neuropathology, Applied Biology, Bombay Hosp., Bombay 400 020, India SO: Current-Science-Bangalore. 1992; 63 (8) 470-484. PY: 1992 DT: ArticleIS: 0011-3891 LA: English AB: A brief historically oriented review is given of selected lines of evidence pointing to a primary genetic role of both environmental neurotoxins and novel infectious agents in the pathogenesis of different forms of dementia. Although t here is at present no proof that such agents cause Alzheimer's disease, such hyp

otheses remain viable as a basis for additional research. Moreover, further cons ideration should be given to a potentially important pathogenetic role for age-r elated pathophysiological changes of the cerebral vasculature. AI: Y MC: Behavior-; Cardiovascular-Medicine (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Deve lopment-; Genetics-; Infection-; Microbiology-; Muscular-System (Movement-and-Su pport); Nervous-System (Neural-Coordination); Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medica l-Sciences); Pathology-; Psychiatry- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Toxicol ogyST: Cycadopsida-: Gymnospermae-, Spermatophyta-, Plantae-; Hominidae-: Primates -, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, Animalia-; Palmae-: Monocotyledones-, Angi ospermae-, Spermatophyta-, Plantae-; Paramyxoviridae-: VirusesOR: human- (Hominidae-); Cycas-circinalis (Cycadopsida-); Palmae- (Palmae-); Pa ramyxoviridae- (Paramyxoviridae-) TN: angiosperms-; animals-; chordates-; gymnosperms-; humans-; mammals-; microo rganisms-; monocots-; plants-; primates-; spermatophytes-; vascular-plants; vert ebrates-; virusesCB: CYCASINRN: 14901-08-7: CYCASIN MI: BETA=METHYLAMINOALANINE-; CEREBRAL-VASCULATURE-AGE-RELATED-CHANGE; CREUTZFE LDT-JAKOB-DISEASE; CYCASIN-; GENETIC-ROLE; NEURITIC-PLAQUE; NEUROFIBRILLARY-TANG LE; PARKINSONISM-DEMENTIA-COMPLEX; SPONGIFORM-ENCEPHALOPATHY; SUBACUTE-SCLEROSIN G-PANENCEPHALITIS AN: 199395099694 Record 89 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: A progress report on the prevalence of Alzheimer's lesions in a Bombay hosp ital population. AU: Barodawala-S-A; Ghadi-P-S AD: Neuropathology Unit, Post-graduate Res. Lab., Grant Med. Coll., Sir. J. J. Hosp., Bombay 400 008, India SO: Current-Science-Bangalore. 1992; 63 (8) 449-455. PY: 1992 DT: ArticleIS: 0011-3891 LA: English AB: Preliminary neuropathological findings are presented for a nonrandom subset of 100 older patients (ages 59-90 years) chosen from among a sample of 2000 aut opsies performed at the Sir J. J. Group of Hospitals from October 1989 to April 1991. Gross examination included brain weights and estimates of cortical atrophy . Microscopic examination of sections from 13 regions of the brain included hema toxylin and eosin, Gross-Bielschowsky silver stains and Congo red stains (examin ed by polarized light). For the aggregate sample, increasing degrees of cortical cerebral atrophy were observed with advancing age. A regression analysis of bra in weight versus age revealed age-related declines in brain weights for males, b ut not for a smaller sample (n=28) of female subjects. A few neurofibrillary tan gles were found in 88% of cases and in all sites, surprisingly including frequen t involvement of Purkinje cells of the cerebellum, an observation that will requ ire confirmation with other methodologies. The most prevalent type of neuropatho logy involved cerebrovascular accidents, especially old infarcts. Only five case s exhibited numerous neurofibrillary tangles. Neuritic plaques were seen in six cases and amyloid was detected in seven cases. Of two cases with a clinical diag nosis of dementia, one 65-year old male had multiple cerebral infarcts and a 60year-old male had, in addition to multiple lacunar infarcts, moderate numbers of tangles and a few neuritic plaques (without amyloid cores) sufficient to warran t a diagnosis of 'probable Alzheimers's disease' by consortium to establish a re gistry of Alzheimer's disease (CERAD) criteria. The overall impression from this initial survey is that Alzheimer's disease does not appear to be particularly p revalent in our population. Given the biased nature of the sampling, however, an

d the limited numbers of subjects of advanced ages, no definitive conclusions as to prevalence can be made. This study, however, dose indeed point out the poten tial for obtaining a substantial amount of relevant clinical and neuropathologic al data in a developing country. AI: Y MC: Behavior-; Cell-Biology; Epidemiology- (Population-Studies); Geriatrics- (H uman-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Human-Ecology (Anthropology-); Nervous-System (Neural-Coordination); Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Physiology -; Psychiatry- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Public-Health (Allied-Medical -Sciences) ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: human- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesCB: AMYLOIDGE: India- (Asia-, Oriental-region) RN: 11061-24-8: AMYLOID MI: AGE-COMPARISON; AMYLOID-; BRAIN-WEIGHT; CEREBELLUM-; CORTICAL-CEREBRAL-ATRO PHY; ELDERLY-; GENDER-COMPARISON; MICROSCOPY-; NEURITIC-PLAQUE; NEUROFIBRILLARYTANGLE; PURKINJE-CELL AN: 199395099693 Record 90 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Pathobiology of Alzheimer's disease: A morphologist's view. AU: Shankar-S-K AD: Dep. Neuropathology, National Inst. Mental Health Neurosciences, Banglaore 560 029, India SO: Current-Science-Bangalore. 1992; 63 (8) 430-440. PY: 1992 DT: ArticleIS: 0011-3891 LA: English AB: Perhaps no other disease of the human brain has aroused more interest than Alzheimer's disease. The subject continues to be a fertile field for modern neur obiology. The classical morphologic hallmarks include: regional neuronal loss, n eurofibrillary tangles (NFT) in neurons and senile plaques (SP) (neuritic plaque s) in the neuropil, particularly in limbic and associated cortices. Similar and qualitatively indistinguishable changes occur, though in much smaller numbers, d uring normal ageing. However, only limited correlation of these lesions with cog nitive dysfunction has been reported. NFT consist of highly insoluble paired hel ical filaments, considered characteristic of Alzheimer's disease, and antigenica lly related straight filaments. These also accumulate within neurites in and aro und SP. They are derived from cytoskeletal proteins, particularly microtubule as sociated protein, tau. In contrast, extracellular amyloid filaments, found in th e centre of many of the plaques and in meningeal and cortical vessels, appear to be composed of a hydrophobic, low-molecular weight polypeptide, and beta-amyloi d protein. It has a novel amino-acid sequence, including a domain thought to be in close association with the plasma cell membrane. Like other amyloids, it is d erived from a larger precursor protein and self assembles to form large aggregat es. Segments of the beta-amyloid protein, when studied in vitro, have been found to be neurotoxic to mature neurons and neurotrophic to immature ones. Exactly h ow these aberrant polypeptides in and around the neurons lead to dementia is sti ll a matter of intense investigation. Recent studies have emphasized synaptic lo ss as a major correlate of cognitive decline. It will, therefore, be important t o investigate the role of beta-amyloid in that process. To explain the evolution and progression of the lesions, a causative role for environmental trace metals has been invoked, but such a role remains unproven. Since it is alleged by some that Alzheimer's disease is not prevalent in India, cross-cultural epidemiologi c studies would be of importance. Its age-specific prevalence and incidence in I ndia, however, remains unknown.

AI: Y MC: Behavior-; Cell-Biology; Nervous-System (Neural-Coordination); Neurology- ( Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Psychiatry- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences ) ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: human- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesCB: AMYLOIDRN: 11061-24-8: AMYLOID MI: BETA=AMYLOID-PROTEIN; COGNITIVE-DYSFUNCTION; ENVIRONMENTAL-TRACE-METAL; MIC ROTUBULE-ASSOCIATED-PROTEIN-TAU; NEURITE-; NEUROFIBRILLARY-TANGLE; NEURONAL-LOSS ; SENILE-PLAQUE; SYNAPTIC-LOSS AN: 199395099692 Record 91 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Experience with the differential diagnosis and prevalence of dementing illn ess in India. AU: Wadia-Noshir-H AD: Dep. Neurology, Jaslok Hosp., Res. Centre, 15 Dr. G. Deshmukh Marg., Bombay 400 026, India SO: Current-Science-Bangalore. 1992; 63 (8) 419-430. PY: 1992 DT: ArticleIS: 0011-3891 LA: English AB: The problem of dementia of the Alzheimer's type is considered within the br oader context of a comprehensive clinical-pathological differential diagnosis of dementing illnesses of human subjects. The classification is primarily based up on chronological age groups, in which prevalence rates for various dementias dif fer substantially, and secondarily upon etiologic mechanisms. The approach is pe rsonalized, reflecting the authors clinical experience and the available Indian literature, which is summarized in tabular form. While pointing out the lack of basic information as to prevalence, the author believes that dementing illnesses of the growing older population of Indians will become a major medical and soci al problem and which, therefore, merits additional research by the Indian scient ific community. AI: Y MC: Behavior-; Development-; Epidemiology- (Population-Studies); Human-Ecology (Anthropology-); Infection-; Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Path ology-; Physiology-; Psychiatry- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences) ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: human- (Hominidae-); microorganisms- (Microorganisms-Unspecified) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; microorganisms-; primates-; verteb ratesMI: AGE-GROUP; ALZHEIMER'S-TYPE-DEMENTIA; DEGENERATIVE-DISEASE; ETIOLOGIC-MECHA NISM; INFECTION-; TRAUMAAN: 199395099691 Record 92 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Activation of cerebral blood flow during a visuoperceptual task in patients with Alzheimer-type dementia. AU: Grady-Cheryl-L {a}; Haxby-James-V; Horwitz-Barry; Gillette-Jane; Salerno-Ju dith-A; Gonzalez-Aviles-Arnaldo; Carson-Richard-E; Herscovitch-Peter; Schapiro-M ark-B; Rapoport-Stanley-I AD: {a} NIA/LNS, Building 10, Room 6C414, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 208 92 SO: Neurobiology-of-Aging. 1993; 14 (1) 35-44. PY: 1993

DT: ArticleIS: 0197-4580 LA: English AB: Changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) associated with a face-match ing task were examined using positron emission tomography (PET) and H-2-15O in 7 patients with mild-moderate dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) and in 8 healt hy age-matched controls. rCBF was normalized to whole brain flow and pixel-by-pi xel difference images were computed by contrasting flow during a control task to flow during face matching. Both patients and control showed bilateral rCBF incr eases in occipitotemporal extrastriate cortex during face matching. The magnitud e of these increases was not significantly different between the groups. In addi tion, the patients showed greater rCBF activation in regions of occipital and fr ontal cortex. These results show that early in the course of DAT, patients utili ze extrastriate cortex to perform a visuoperceptual task, as do control subjects but also show rCBF increases in additional cortical areas. Activation of these additional areas of cortex in the patients may reflect an increased attentional load during face matching due to their reduced cognitive capacity. AI: Y MC: Behavior-; Cardiovascular-System (Transport-and-Circulation); Morphology-; Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Pathology-; Psychiatry- (Human-Me dicine, Medical-Sciences); Radiology- (Medical-Sciences); Sense-Organs (SensoryReception) ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: Hominidae- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesMI: COGNITION-; DIAGNOSIS-; EXTRASTRIATE-CORTEX; FACE-PERCEPTION; POSITRON-EMIS SION-TOMOGRAPHY AN: 199395099688 Record 93 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Calbindin D-28k immunoreactivity in the temporal neocortex in patients with Alzheimer's disease. AU: Ferrer-I {a}; Tunon-T; Soriano-E; Del-Rio-A; Iraizoz-I; Fonseca-M; Guionnet -N AD: {a} Unidad Neuropatol., Dep. Anat. Patol., Hosp. Principes de Espana, Univ. Barcelona, E-08907 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain SO: Clinical-Neuropathology. 1993; 12 (1) 53-58. PY: 1993 DT: ArticleIS: 0722-5091 LA: English AB: Calbindin D-28k immunoreactivity in the temporal isocortex was examined in seven patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and in six controls. In normal brai ns, calbindin D-28k-immunoreactive cells were bitufted neurons, multipolar cells with ascending dendrites and large double-bouquet cells mainly located in layer s II and III. Immunoreactive fibers were seen in the molecular layer and in vert ical bundles in layers III and V/VI. Calbindin D-28k immunoreactivity was reduce d in patients with AD, although with differences from one patient to another. Im munoreactivity was decreased in the plexus of the molecular layer and in the ver tical bundles in the cellular layers in every case. Most patients had, also, dec reased immunoreactivity in the dendritic arbors. The number of calbindin D-28k-i mmunoreactive cells was significantly decreased in three of five patients with m oderate or severe dementia, and was normal in two cases with mild dementia. AI: Y MC: Biochemistry-and-Molecular-Biophysics; Cell-Biology; Immune-System (Chemica l-Coordination-and-Homeostasis); Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences) ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: human- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebrates-

MI: CALCIUM-BINDING-PROTEIN; CEREBRAL-CORTEX; DEMENTIAAN: 199395099673 Record 94 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Differentiation of multi-infarct and Alzheimer dementia by intracranial hem odynamic parameters. AU: Ries-Fernand {a}; Horn-Rolf; Hillekamp-Joern; Honisch-Claudia; Koenig-Matth ias; Solymosi-Laszlo AD: {a} Dep. Neurol., Univ. Hosp. Bonn, Sigmund Freud-Str. 25, D-5300 Bonn 1, G ermany SO: Stroke-. 1993; 24 (2) 228-235. PY: 1993 DT: ArticleIS: 0039-2499 LA: English AB: Background and Purpose: The differentiation between the Alzheimer and multi -infarct types of dementia may still be equivocal considering clinical criteria, neuropsychological tests, and imaging techniques. Cerebral microangiopathic alt erations underlying multi-infarct dementia should allow the characterization of dementia subgroups. Methods: Patients with a diagnosis of multi-infarct dementia (n = 17; mean age, 69.1 +- 8.5 years) or Alzheimer dementia (n = 24, mean age, 65.8 +- 9.0 years) according to standard testing criteria, clinical findings, an d neuroimaging techniques (computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging) w ere investigated prospectively by transcranial Doppler sonography and compared w ith a normal reference group (n = 64; mean age, 61.0 +- 11.1 years). Transcrania l Doppler sonography allows an indirect evaluation of peripheral flow resistance in the microcirculatory bed by quantifying pulsatility characteristics, as refl ected in the effective pulsatility range (time-averaged mean blood flow velocity minus the peak-systolic to end-diastolic amplitude, in centimeters per second). Results: A total of 204 vessels were investigated in 105 subjects. Mean and dia stolic blood flow velocities as well as the effective pulsatility range were sig nificantly lower in the multi-infarct dementia group compared with the Alzheimer and the normal reference groups (p lt 0.001). By using receiver operating chara cteristic analysis, a cutoff point for effective pulsatility range values of -5 cm/sec gives a side-dependent sensitivity of 90.48-95.24% and a specificity of 6 4.71-70.59% in diagnosing Alzheimer-type dementia; the corresponding sensitivity and specificity for a value of -2 cm/sec are 82.35-88.24% and 80.95-90.48%, res pectively. Conclusions: Pulsatility changes as reflected by the effective pulsat ility range are a noninvasive additional criterion in the differential diagnosis of dementia. AI: Y MC: Behavior-; Blood-and-Lymphatics (Transport-and-Circulation); Cardiovascular -Medicine (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Cardiovascular-System (Transport-a nd-Circulation); Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Pathology-; Psyc hiatry- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences) ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: human- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesMI: ADDITIONAL-CRITERION; DIFFERENTIAL-DIAGNOSIS; EFFECTIVE-PULSATILITY-RANGE; PULSATILITY-CHANGES AN: 199395099621 Record 95 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Cholinergic "blockade" as a model of the cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease. AU: Christensen-H {a}; Maltby-N; Jorm-A-F; Creasey-H; Broe-G-A AD: {a} NH and MRC Social Psychiatry Res. Unit, Australian National University, P.O. Box 4, Canberra 2601, Australia

SO: Brain-. 1992; 115 (6) 1681-1699. PY: 1992 DT: ArticleIS: 0006-8950 LA: English AB: The performance of 44 Alzheimer patients and 33 controls was examined on te sts previously found to be differentially affected by scopolamine administration . Tests of secondary memory, performance intelligence, primary memory, semantic retrieval, procedural memory and verbal intelligence were included. It was found that Alzheimer patients performed more poorly than controls on tests of seconda ry memory, as measured by selective reminding, recall and recognition. Procedura l memory, as measured by stem completion, homophone spelling and transformed tex t reading, did not differ between Alzheimer patients and controls. Semantic memo ry, verbal intelligence and primary memory were impaired in moderate and severe cases. However, patients with 'mild' dementia, as measured by the Mini-Mental St ate Examination, did not differ from controls on tests of semantic memory, verba l intelligence and primary memory. It was concluded that the pattern of anterogr ade memory deficits and preserved abilities in mild dementia mimicked that previ ously observed in scopolamine administration in young subjects. AI: Y MC: Behavior-; Methods-and-Techniques; Nervous-System (Neural-Coordination); Ne urology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Pharmacology-; Psychiatry- (Human-M edicine, Medical-Sciences) ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: human- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesCB: SCOPOLAMINERN: 51-34-3: SCOPOLAMINE MI: ANTEROGRADE-MEMORY-DEFICIT-PATTERN; PHARMACOLOGICAL-TOOL; SCOPOLAMINE-; SEC ONDARY-MEMORY; SEMANTIC-MEMORY; VERBAL-INTELLIGENCE AN: 199395099571 Record 96 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Functional status, education, and the diagnosis of dementia in the Shanghai survey. AU: Hill-L-R; Klauber-M-R; Salmon-D-P; Yu-E-S-H; Liu-W-T; Zhang-M; Katzman-R {a } AD: {a} Dep. Neurosci., Univ. Calif., San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0624 SO: Neurology-. 1993; 43 (1) 138-145. PY: 1993 DT: ArticleIS: 0028-3878 LA: English AB: We examined the relationship of culturally adapted Chinese versions of the Mini-Mental State Examination (CMMS) and several functional measures to the effe ct of education on the clinical diagnosis of dementia in 554 subjects (55 to 95 years; median, 74) who had undergone intensive evaluation during the Shanghai (C hina) survey of dementia. Low education was associated with increased prevalence of clinically diagnosed dementia. The standardized history and one functional s cale (Pfeffer Outpatient Disability Scale (POD)) clustered closely with clinical diagnosis on factor analysis, whereas the CMMS, Instrumental Activities of Dail y Living scale (IADL), and Activities of Daily Living scale (ADL) loaded additio nally onto an education-weighted component. A logistic equation based on the CMM S, history, POD, and IADL was the best predictor of the clinical diagnosis of de mentia, but history, POD, and IADL without a mental status score also predicted the diagnosis with a sensitivity of 88.6%, a specificity of 89.3%, a positive pr edictive value of 66.0%, and a negative predictive value of 97.1%. When dementia was diagnosed using an algorithm based on the three functional scales alone, lo w education continued to be associated with increased age-specific risk of demen

tia. AI: Y MC: Behavior-; Development-; Nervous-System (Neural-Coordination); Neurology- ( Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Pathology-; Psychiatry- (Human-Medicine, Medi cal-Sciences) ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: human- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesGE: China- (Asia-, Palearctic-region) MI: AGE-SPECIFIC-RISK; DAILY-LIVING-SCALE; FUNCTIONAL-IMPAIRMENT-VS.-EDUCATIONLEVEL; MINI-MENTAL-STATE-EXAMINATION; PFEFFER-OUTPATIENT-DISABILITY-SCALE AN: 199395099536 Record 97 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: CSF cholinesterase in early-onset and late-onset Alzheimer's disease and mu lti-infarct dementia of Chinese patients. AU: Shen-Z-X {a}; Ding-Q; Wei-C-Z; Ding-M-C; Meng-J-M AD: {a} Dep. Pharmacol., Oxford Univ., Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, England SO: Acta-Neurologica-Scandinavica. 1993; 87 (1) 19-24. PY: 1993 DT: ArticleIS: 0001-6314 LA: English AB: Using Ellman spectrophotometric method we measured the total cholinesterase (ChE) activity in lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 13 persons without neurol ogical disorder, 10 non-demented patients with cerebral infarcts, 17 patients wi th dementia of Alzheimer's type (DAT) (11 presenile, 6 senile cases), 10 patient s with multi-infarct dementia (MID), 1 patient with Parkinson's disease associat ed with dementia. The ChE activity in CSF was significantly lower in the DAT gro up compared with age-matched control subjects (p lt 0.001). This paper also anal yses the possibility of using CSF ChE activity as a marker of DAT, and the relat ionships between its level of activity and the age of the patient at onset, stag e of illness and severity of dementia as well as discrepancies in the data publi shed so far. Previous work has shown that ChE activity in the brain tissue and C SF of MID is normal: therefore, if low ChE activity is found in the CSF of MID p atients, as was obtained in 8 out of 10 cases in our series, the diagnosis of mi xed dementia should be considered. AI: Y MC: Behavior-; Enzymology- (Biochemistry-and-Molecular-Biophysics); Nervous-Sys tem (Neural-Coordination); Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Pathol ogy-; Physiology-; Psychiatry- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences) ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: Hominidae- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesCB: CHOLINESTERASEGE: China- (Asia-, Palearctic-region) RN: 9001-08-5: CHOLINESTERASE MI: CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; DIAGNOSTIC-METHOD; MIXED-DEMENTIA; SPECTROPHOTOMETRICMETHOD AN: 199395099497 Record 98 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Biopsy results in a kindred with Lafora disease. AU: Drury-Vvo-Mila-Blaivas {a}; Abou-Khalil-Bassel-W; Beydoun-Ahmad AD: {a} EEG Lab., Univ. Michigan Med. Cent., 1500 E Medical Cent. Dr., Ann Arbo r, MI 48109-0036 SO: Archives-of-Neurology. 1993; 50 (1) 102-105.

PY: 1993 DT: ArticleIS: 0003-9942 LA: English AB: We studied biopsy results in a kindred with the Lafora form of progressive myoclonic epilepsy. Four members of a family with known consanguinity presented as teenagers with seizures, myoclonus, dementia, and ataxia. After the diagnosis was established by brain biopsy in the first patient, many efforts were made to obtain a tissue diagnosis in the three other patients. Lafora bodies were absen t in most of the skin biopsy specimens in three patients and in liver biopsy spe cimens from two patients. In cases of Lafora disease, where a reasonably certain clinical diagnosis can be established, supported by biopsy proof in some family members, repeated biopsy specimens even at advanced stages of the disease may b e negative. These findings suggest that negative skin or liver biopsy specimens in patients with progressive myoclinic epilepsy should not exclude the diagnosis of Lafora disease. AI: Y MC: Digestive-System (Ingestion-and-Assimilation); Genetics-; Integumentary-Sys tem (Chemical-Coordination-and-Homeostasis); Muscular-System (Movement-and-Suppo rt); Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); PathologyST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: human- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesMI: ATAXIA-; DEMENTIA-; LIVER-BIOPSY; PROGRESSIVE-MYOCLONIC-EPILEPSY; SEIZURE-; SKIN-BIOPSY; TISSUE-DIAGNOSIS AN: 199395099472 Record 99 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: On the preservation of syntax in Alzheimer's disease: Evidence from written sentences. AU: Kemper-Susan {a}; Labarge-Emily; Ferraro-F-Richard; Cheung-Hintat {a}; Cheu ng-Him {a}; Storandt-Martha AD: {a} Dep. Psychol., Univ. Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA SO: Archives-of-Neurology. 1993; 50 (1) 81-86. PY: 1993 DT: ArticleIS: 0003-9942 LA: English AB: We examined the syntactic complexity of single written sentences elicited f rom 368 adults undergoing examination for possible Alzheimer's disease. The clau se length and composition of the sentences varied with the severity of dementia. The nondemented adults' sentences contained more propositions, main and seconda ry verbs, and conjunctions than those produced by the mildly and moderately deme nted adults. Sentence length in clauses, propositional content, and the use of c onjunctions and main and secondary verbs discriminated among stages of the sever ity of the disease. The present results suggest that, while dementia severity af fects written linguistic output, such output is, nonetheless, grammatic and cohe rent. AI: Y MC: Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences) ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: human- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesMI: DEMENTIA-SEVERITY; SENTENCE-COMPOSITION; SYNTACTIC-COMPLEXITY AN: 199395099471 Record 100 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06 TI: Reliability and usefulness of a new immunochemical assay for Alzheimer's di

sease. AU: Chui-Helena-Chang {a}; Ghanbari-Hossein; Zarow-Chris; Miller-Barney; Qian-Z ide; Perlmutter-Lynn-S AD: {a} Geriatric Neurobehavior and Alzheimer Cent., Rancho Los Amigos Medical Cent., 12838 Erickson St., Downey, Calif. 90242 SO: Archives-of-Neurology. 1993; 50 (1) 57-63. PY: 1993 DT: ArticleIS: 0003-9942 LA: English AB: Objective: To assess the reliability and usefulness of a new sandwich enzym e-linked immunoassay (ALZ-EIA) that detects Alzheimer's disease-associted protei ns in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Design: The reliability of the assay was assessed between two laboratories. Sensitivity and specificity of a diagnos tic algorithm based on the results of the ALZ-EIA were determined using the Cons ortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease neuropathological diagnos es as the "gold standard". Setting: Autopsy cases were obtained from a teaching hospital with a specialized Alzheimer Disease Diagnostic and Treatment Center. C ases: Brain tissue was selected from 24 cases with dementia and 10 normal contro ls. Main Outcome Measures: Optical density measurements from the ALZ-EIA in the hippocampus and three neocortical regions. Results: A 95% concordance in AIZ-EIA activity was found between the two laboratories, and an 85% concordance was fou nd between ALZ-EIA and the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer' Dis ease diagnoses. Perfect agreement was obtained for "typical" Alzheimer's disease cases (those with plaques and tangles), while discrepancies occurred for "atypi cal" cases (those with predominantly plaques or tangles). Conclusions: The ALZ-E IA provides a highly reliable method of assessing neurofibrillary degeneration. Its clinical usefulness as a diagnostic test would be enhanced by the availabili ty of a complementary assay for beta-amyloid. AI: Y MC: Enzymology- (Biochemistry-and-Molecular-Biophysics); Methods-and-Techniques ; Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); PathologyST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, AnimaliaOR: human- (Hominidae-) TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebratesMI: DIAGNOSTIC-METHOD; ENZYME-LINKED-IMMUNOASSAY; NEUROFIBRILLARY-DEGENERATION; PROTEIN-DETECTION; SENSITIVITY-; SPECIFICITYAN: 199395099469