( devangar .

Monier Williams
Sanskrit-English Dictionary ,2008 revision)
Apr 11/2009

rev.2 :

No. 2131

(
)()

(tathgata),

He who comes and goes in the same way [as the Buddhas who preceded him]. tath: in that

manner, so, thus. gata: gone, gone away, departed, departed from the world, deceased, dead

(arhat, arhan),

The highest rank in the Buddhist hierarchy. worthy, venerable, respectable

(samyaksambuddha),

One who has attained to complete enlightenment (said of the Buddha). samyak: in one or the

same direction, in the same way, at the same time, together. sambuddha: wide awake, clever, wise,
prudent.

(vidycaraasampanna) ,

Perfect in knowledge and of good moral conduct. vidy: knowledge, science, learning,

scholarship, philosophy. caraa: acting, dealing, managing, (liturgical) performance, observance.

sampanna: fallen or turned out well, accomplished, effected, perfect, excellent.

(sugata),

One who has fared well. su: good, excellent, right, virtuous, beautiful, easy, well, rightly, much,

greatly, very, any, easily, willingly, quickly (in older language often with other particles; esp. with
u , =" forthwith, immediately")

(lokavid),

Knowledge or understanding the world. loka: the wide space or world (either "the universe" or, "

any division of it", esp. "the sky or heaven".

(anuttara),
5

Chief , principal. uttara: upper, higher, superior

(puruadamyasrathi),

A driver or guide of men. purua: a man, male, human being. damyasrathi: guide of those who

have to be restrained. damya: tamable. srathi: a charioteer, driver of a car, coachman, any leader or
guide

(st devamanuyam),
st: A teacher, instructor. deva: a deity, god. manuyam: man, human beings

(buddha),
Awakened, awake

(lokantha),

Lord of worlds. ntha: a protector, patron, possessor, owner, lord (esp. in names of gods and

men)


(bhagavat, bhagavn), ,
glorious, illustrious, divine, adorable, venerable, holy

(kyamuni),

Name of Gautama Buddha. muni: a saint, sage, seer, ascetic, monk, devotee, hermit (esp. one

who has taken the vow of silence). (prob.) any one who is moved by inward impulse, an inspired or
ecstatic person, enthusiast

(ratnaikhin),
7

Name of a Buddha. ratna: a jewel, gem, treasure, precious stone (the nine jewel are pearl, ruby,

topaz, diamond, emerald, lapis lazuli, coral, sapphire, gomeda; hence ratna is a name for the
number 9 ; but according to some 14). ikhin: having a tuft or lock of hair on the top of the head.
one who has reached the summit of knowledge.

(dpakara),
"light-causer, name of a mythical Buddha. dpa: a light, lamp, lantern.

(vipayin),

Name of a buddha (sometimes mentioned as the first of the 7 tathgatas or principal buddhas ,

the other six being ikhin , viva-bh , kraku-cchanda , kanaka-muni , kyapa , and kya-siha)

(ikhin),

"having flame", fire or the fire-god. having a tuft or lock of hair on the top of the head. one who

has reached the summit of knowledge

(vivabh),

Name of a Buddha. viva: all, every, every one. bh: arise, come into being, exist, be found, live,

stay, abide, happen, occur

(krakucchanda),

Name of the 1st of the five Buddhas of the present Kalpa Buddh.
8

(kanakamuni),
Name of a Buddha. kanaka: of gold, golden

(kyapa),
Name of a buddha

(maitreya),

Name of a bodhi-sattva and future buddha (the 5th of the present age)

(ajita,

(prabhtaratna),

Name of a Buddha. prabhta: abundant, much, numerous, considerable, high, great. pra: as

prefix to adj. = excessively, very, much. bhta: well-being, welfare, prosperity

(puya),

Name of the 6th (or 8th , but nakatra) lunar asterism (also called sidhya and tiya). the

blossom or flower i.e. the uppermost or best of anything. Name of one of the 24 mythical Buddhas.

(lokevara-rjan),

Name of a Buddha. loka + vara = (sandhi rules) lokevara. vara: able to do, capable of. rjan:

a king, sovereign, prince, chief

(dharmkara),

Of a disciple of Buddhism. kara: a rich source of anything

(amityus,

; amitbha, )

(akobhya),
immovable , imperturbable. kobhya: to be agitated or disturbed

(ratnkara),
Name of a Buddha. ratnkara = ratna + kara

(ruci),
liking, taste, relish, pleasure, appetite, zest

(vivabh),
Name of a Buddha. (see previous)

(devarja),

10

king of the gods, name of a buddha

(sunta),

thoroughly allayed or extinguished, very calm or placid. nta: appeased, pacified, tranquil, calm,

free from passions, undisturbed

()

(vairocana),
coming from or belonging to the sun, solar

([vai]rocana),
bright , shining , radiant

11

(kyamuni),
Name of Gautama Buddha

(brhmaa, )
(katriya, )(vaiya, )
(dra, )

12

(gautama),
gautama's family

(k),
(prob.) = ka. ka: relating to the akas or Indoscythians(, ). the Teak tree(
), Tectona Grandis.

(katriya),
a member of the military or reigning order (which in later times constituted the second caste)

(sarvrthasiddha),

Name of Gautama Buddha (so called, according to some, because his parents' wishes were all

fulfilled by his birth). sarva: whole, entire, all, every. artha: aim, purpose. sarvrtha: all things or
objects, all manner of things.

(mavaka),

13

a youth, lad, fellow, a pupil, scholar, religious student.

(bodhisattva),

one whose essence is perfect knowledge, one who is on the way to the attainment of perfect

knowledge (i.e. a Buddhist saint when he has only one birth to undergo before obtaining the state of
a supreme buddha and then nirva) (the early doctrine had only one bodhi-sattva , viz. maitreya ;
the later reckoned many more). sattva: a living or sentient being, creature, animal. sat: being,
existing. tva: one, several

(kumraka, kumrabhta), ,
a little boy, boy, youth. bhta: a son, child

14

(pratyekabuddha),

a Buddha who lives in seclusion and obtains emancipation for himself only, (as opp. to those

buddhas who liberate others also). pratyeka: each one, each single one, every one

(pratyekabuddha),
Enlightened for Self (same as above)

(srota-panna),

one who has entered the above river. srotas: the current or bed of a river, a river, stream, torrent.

panna: entered, got in

(sakdgmin),

"returning only once again, i.e. being re-born ". Name of the second of the four orders of

Buddhist aryas. sakt: once. gmin: coming , approaching

(angmin),

not coming , not arriving, not future , not subject to returning, name of the third among the four
15

Buddhist orders

(arhat arhan), ,
The highest rank in the Buddhist hierarchy, a buddha who is still a candidate for nirva

()

(mahnga),
a great serpent, a great elephant

(rya),
a respectable or honorable or faithful man

()

(manjur),
name of the bodhisattva of wisdom

16

()(samantabhadra),

wholly auspicious. a buddha or name of a bodhi-sattva. samanta: being on every side, universal,

whole, entire, all. bhadra: blessed, auspicious, fortunate, prosperous, happy

()

(
)(
)()(
)()

()

(ryvalokitevara),

name of a bodhi-sattva , worshipped by the northern Buddhists. avalokita + vara = (sandhi

rules) = avalokitevara. avalokita: seen viewed, observed, viewed by, i.e. being in sight of a
planet

(mahsthmaprpta),
17

name of a bodhi-sattva. sthman: strength, power. prpta: attained to, reached, arrived at, met

with, found, incurred, got, acquired, gained

(vimalakrti),

"of spotless fame", name of a Buddhist scholar. vi: sometimes it gives a meaning opposite to the

idea contained in the simple root. mala: dirt, filth, dust, impurity (physical and moral). krti: good
report, fame, renown, glory

(canda),
the moon

(bhaiajyarjan bhaiajyarjasamudgata ), ,
(: , akardama() agada(,), ,
. akardama , kardama , )

name of a bodhi-sattva.
(:)

()(bhadrapla),

18

name of a bodhi-sattva. bhadra: blessed, auspicious, fortunate, prosperous, happy. pla: a guard,

protector, keeper.

(sadvilpa),

name of a bodhi-sattva. sad: always, ever, every time, continually, perpetually. vilpana:

causing moaning or lamentation

(udgatadharma),
udgata: gone up, risen, ascended

(rgaa),
gaa: a flock, troop, multitude, number, tribe, series, class

(vasumitra),
vasu: of the gods(as the "good or bright ones"). mitra: a friend, companion, associate
()

(gandhahastin),

of an antidote said to be very efficacious. gandha: smell, odor. hastin: having hands, clever or

dexterous with the hands

(ghoa),
sonant, having the soft sound

19

(ghoin),
sounding , noisy

(devadatta),
god-given. deva: heavenly, divine. datta: given, granted, presented

(samaka),
equal, alike
(:)

(akayamati),

name of a Buddhist. akaya: exempt from decay, undecaying. mati: the mind, perception,

understanding, intelligence, sense, judgement.

(prajakla),
kla a heap, mound, tope

(bhadraplaikaka),
ikak: teaching, instructing

(nryaa),

the son of the original Man. the warriors of ka

20

(jtakauinya),

name of one of the first five pupils of kyamuni. jta: known, ascertained, comprehended,

perceived, understood. kuin: a kind of vessel

()(avajit),
Name of a Buddhist bhiku. ava: a horse, stallion. jit: winning, acquiring

(bhadrika),
Name of a prince of the kyas.

(:daabala kyapa),

Name of one of the first 5 pupils of kya-muni. daa: ten. bala: power, strength, might, vigour,

force, validity
(vpa : also written as bpa. Name of a disciple of gautama buddha. a tear , tears)
(:kulika),
21

name of a prince
(mahnma: mah + nma: by name, named, called )

(riputra),
name of one of the two chief disciples (agra-rvaka), of gautama buddha (the other being
maudgalyyana). rvaka ():a disciple of the buddha (the disciples of the hna-yna school are

sometimes so called in contradistinction to the disciples of the mah-yna school; properly only
those who heard the law from the buddha's own lips have the name rvaka, and of these two, viz.
Sariputta and Moggallana, were agra-rvakas, "chief disciples", while eighty, including kyapa,
upli, and nanda, were mah-rvakas or "great disciples")
()
()

()()
()(mahmaudgalyyana),
name of a disciple of buddha

()()
(: )

(mahkyapa),
name of a disciple of buddha
()

22


()

(aniruddha),
unobstructed, ungovernable, self-willed

()()()

()

(subhti),
well-being, welfare

(pramaitryaputra),
pra: filled, full, filled with or full of. putra: a son, child.( (also the young of an animal)

()

(mahktyyana),
name of a disciple of buddha

23

()(upli),

name of one of buddha's most eminent pupils (mentioned as the first propounder of the Buddhist

law and as having been formerly a barber).

(rhula),
of a son of gautama buddha

(nanda),
happiness, joy, enjoyment, sensual pleasure

(nandabhadra),
bhadra: blessed, auspicious, fortunate, prosperous, happy

(nandasgara),
sgara: the ocean

24

(piola),

name of an arhat

(bharadvja:

"bearing speed or strength(of flight)")

(vakkula),

name of a man. (also written as vatkula, vakula, bakula), the fragrant flower of Mimusops

Elengi

(nanda),
joy , delight , happiness

()(revata),
name of various persons
()(:
, ,,)

, prvabhdrapada. , revati

()(mahkauhila),

name of a disciple of buddha

25

(gavmpati),
"cow-lord", a bull. gavm: sanskrit plural form of cow. pati: lord, master

(pilindavatsa)(),

name of a disciple of gautama buddha. vatsa: the young of any animal, offspring, child (vatsa

often used as a term of endearment = my dear child, my darling)

()
(sundarananda),
name of a man. sundara: beautiful, handsome, lovely, charming, agreeable
()
(: :, )

(uruvilvkyapa),

uruvilv: also written as urubilv, name of the place to which the buddha retired for meditation

and where he obtained supreme knowledge (afterwards called buddha-gay). uru: wide space, space,
room. vilv:a kind of plant (= higu-pattr)
()

(gaykyapa),
name of a pupil of kya-muni

(nadkyapa),
26

name of a contemporary of kya-muni. nad: flowing water, a river

(kapphia),
name of a man.
()

(nakula),

the Bengal mungoose or Viverra Ichneumon (enemy of mice and of serpents from whose venom

it protects itself by a medicine plant

(devaena),
also written as devasena. Name of an arhat. sena: an army, armament, battle-array, armed force

(upatiya),

prefixed to proper names upa may express in Buddhist literature "a son.". also (a preposition or

prefix to verbs and nouns, expressing) towards, near to

(:,. .
. upa )

(upasena),
name of a pupil of kya-muni. upa: at the time of, upon, up to, in, above

()(uttara),
upper , higher , superior

(cra),
27

conduct, manner of action, behaviour, good behaviour, good conduct

(klodyin),

"the black udyin", name of a pupil of kya-muni. kla: black, of a dark colour, dark-blue.

dyin: causing effecting, producing, performing

(udyin),
the other name of klodyin

(upaniada),
to sit down near to

(capanthaka),

also as kudrapanthaka. kudra: minute, diminutive, tiny, very small, little, trifling . panthaka:

produced in or on the way. mahapanthaka is the elder brother, also as uddhipanthaka. uddhi:
cleansing, purification, purity.
()
()

()(svgata),
well come, welcome.
()

(:. : , , , , , kudrapanthaka capanthaka. ,

, uddhipanthaka, mahapanthaka. .)

(prva),

the region of the ribs, side, flank (either of animate or inanimate objects)
28

(subhadra),
very glorious or splendid or auspicious or fortunate. The last man converted by gautama buddha

(ktyyanputra),
name of a teacher

(madhyntika),
name of an arhat. madhy:in the middle, between, among. antika: near, proximate
()

(upagupta),
hidden , concealed. gupta:protected , guarded, preserved
()
()

()( )(rutavinatikoi),

ruta: heard, listened to, heard about or of, taught , mentioned, orally transmitted or

communicated from age to age. vin: 2. ati: 100. koi: 10 million

()

(mahprajpat),
29

name of gautama buddha's aunt and foster-mother (the first woman who embraced the buddha's

doctrines). prajpat: a matron, lady. praja : a husband. apati: without a husband or master, either an
unmarried person or a widow

(yaodhar),
yaas: beautiful appearance, beauty, splendour, worth. dhar: bearer, supporter

()(avaghoa),
name of a Buddhist patriarch.

()(ngrjuna),

name of an ancient buddhist teacher of the rank of a bodhi-sattva. nga: a snake, an elephant or

serpent-demon. arjuna: the tree Terminalia Arjuna(:.

.
)
()

30

(deva, ryadeva, kadeva), ,

,

Name of a pupil of ngrjuna. kaa: (in all of which smallness is implied), a grain, grain of corn,

single seed
()()

()

()

(kumralabdha),
kumra: a child, boy, youth. labdha: taken, seized, caught, met with, found

(rlabdha),
names of a buddhist.

(harivarman),

name of various men(Buddhist). hari: a lion, the sign of the zodiac Leo, a monkey, to be yellow

or green.
()

(asaga),

free from ties, independent, having no attachment or inclination for or interest in. elder brother
31

of vasubandhu.

()(vasubandhu),

name of a celebrated Buddhist scholar. vasu: name of the gods (as the "good or bright ones" ,

especially of the dityas, maruts, avins, indra, uas, rudra, vyu, viu, iva, and kubera). bandhu:
connection, relation, association

()

(buddhasiha),
Name of a man(buddhist). siha: "the powerful one", a lion

()

(dignga, dinga), ,
name of a Buddhist author. dig=di=di: quarter, region, direction, place, part

32

()

(pigara,pigalanetra), ,
pigala: reddish-brown, tawny, yellow, gold-coloured. netra: the eye (as the guiding organ)

(:)

(bhavaviveka),
bhava: being, state of being, existence, life. viveka: consideration, discussion, investigation

(dharmapla),
"law guardian"= punishment or sword. Name of a great scholar. pla: a guard, protector, keeper

(guaprabha),

33

name of a Buddhist teacher. gua: good quality, virtue, merit, excellence. prabh: to shine forth,

begin to become light, shine, gleam

()()

()(dharmatrta),
"law-protected", name of a Buddhist author. trta: protected.

(vara),
able to do, capable of, liable, exposed to

(bhodila),
+la: labdha? labdha: taken, seized, caught, met with, found

(pra),
filled, full, filled with or full o, complete, all, entire

(saghabhadra),
name of a man(buddhist). bhadra: blessed, auspicious, fortunate, prosperous, happy

(buddhadsa),
name of a scholar(buddhist). dsa: slave, servant

34

(labhadra),
"eminent in virtue", name of a teacher (also called dharma-koa ). la: a moral precept

(guamati),

name of a buddhistic teacher. mati: the mind, perception, understanding, intelligence, sense,

judgement

(bhadraruci),
name of a man(buddhist). ruci: liking, taste, relish, pleasure, appetite, zest

(jinaputra),
jina: victor

()(manorhita),

name of a patriarchal sage. manorhita=manurhita: friendly to men, good for men. manu: "the

thinking creature(?)", man, mankind. hita: beneficial, advantageous, salutary, wholesome, suitable,
agreeing with (of ten, said of diet, regimen, medicines), convenient, suitable, fit, agreeable to or for

(prajakara),
kara: a doer, maker , causer , doing , making , causing , producing

(dharmapriya),
priya: beloved, dear to, liked, favourite, wanted, own

35

(dharmakara),
dharmapriya and dharmakara are two of the buddhist monks living in saghrma navaka.

(ryadsa),
ryadsa and ryasena are two of the monks living in Bamiyan in todays Afghanistan

(ryasena),
ryadsa and ryasena are two of the monks living in Bamiyan in todays Afghanistan

(ryavarman),
one of the monks living in Charaka, a monastery in Kapia.

(manojaghoa),
one of the monks living in Charaka, a monastery in Kapia.

(dharmottara),

name of a buddhistic teacher. entirely devoted to justice or virtue. uttara: upper, higher, superior

36

()

()

()()

(
)
(kyapamtaga),

one of the first two eminent Indian monks came to China to preach Buddhism around 67 A.D.

and accomplished the translation of the first series of sutra into Chinese

()

37


(dharmaraka),

one of the first two eminent Indian monks came to China to preach Buddhism around 67 A.D.

and accomplished the translation of the first series of sutra into Chinese

(dharmakla),
kla: occasion, circumstance
()

(saghavarman),
varman: defensive armour

(?)

(vighna),

a breaker , destroyer. an obstacle , impediment , hindrance , opposition , prevention ,

interruption , any difficulty or trouble

(?)

38

(dharmaraka),
raka: guarding, watching, protecting, serving

(rmitra),
r: prosperity, welfare, good fortune, success, auspiciousness, wealth, treasure, riches

(gautamasaghadeva),
gautama + sagha + deva

(vimalka),
aka: an axle, axis, the eye

(buddhabhadra),
buddha + bhadra

(dharmayaas),

"glory of the law", name of a man. yaas: beautiful appearance, beauty, splendour, worth. an

object of honour, a person of respectability

39

(kumrajva),
jva: living , existing , alive

()

(buddhayaas),
buddha + yaas

(dharmaraka),

dharma + raka
40

(:)

(buddhasena),
buddha + sena

(buddhavarman),
buddha + varman

(dharmamitra),
dharma + mitra. "friend of the law", name of a buddhistic man

(klayaas),
kla: a fixed or right point of time, a space of time, time.

(vara),
vara: able to do , capable of

41

(guavarman),
gua + varman

(guabhadra),
gua + bhadra

42


(dharmavikrama),
vikrama: valour, courage, heroism, power, strength (to display prowess, use one's strength)

(dharmamati),
dharma + mati

(guavddhi),

vddhi: gain, profit, growth, increase, augmentation, rise, advancement, extension, welfare,

prosperity, success, fortune, happiness

(dharmaruci),
delighting in or devoted to virtue

(bodhiruci),
Name of a buddhistic scholar. bodhi + ruci

(ratnamati),
ratna + mati

43

(mandra),

a low tone, the low or base tone (sthna) of the voice (as opposed to the middle or madhyama

and the high or uttama)

(paramrtha),

the highest or whole truth, spiritual knowledge. parama: chief, highest, primary, most prominent

or conspicuous. artha: aim, purpose

(jnagupta),

jna: knowing, becoming acquainted with, knowledge, (especially) the higher knowledge

(derived from meditation on the one Universal Spirit). gupta: protected, guarded, preserved
(:, gua )

(dharmagupta),
law-protected.

(prabhkara),

"light-maker", the sun. prabh: to shine forth, begin to become light, shine, gleam. Kara: a doer,
44

maker, causer, doing, making, causing, producing

(
)
(bhagavaddharma),
bhagavat: glorious, illustrious, divine, adorable, venerable, holy

(atigupta),

closely concealed, very mysterious. ati: is often prefixed to nouns and adjectives, and rarely to

verbs, in the sense excessive, extraordinary

(nadi),
a crier , caller. ni : any tube or pipe, especially a tubular organ (as a vein or artery of the body)
(: . , 12)
(: - Punaudaya. : PunpyaPunaupya)

(divkara),
"day-maker", the sun. div: by day

(buddhatrta),

trta: protected, protection

45

(buddhapla) ,
a guard, protector, keeper, a herdsman

(ikananda) ,
ik: teaching, training, instruction, lesson, precept

(dharmaruci) ,
delighting in or devoted to virtue

()

(paramiti) ,
miti: measuring, measure, weight.

46

(kyamitra) ,
kya + mitra
(:

, )

(meghaekha) ,
megha: "sprinkler", a cloud. ikhara: a point, peak (of a mountain), top or summit (of a tree)

(iya) ,
to be taught, to be instructed, a pupil, scholar, disciple

(bhiku) ,
a beggar, mendicant, religious mendicant, a Buddhist mendicant or monk

47

()(
)()

(bhiku) ,
a Buddhist female mendicant or nun

(ikam) ,
ik: learning study knowledge, art, skill in. iy: a female pupil

(rmaera) ,

(among Buddhists) a pupil or disciple admitted to the first degree of monkhood, a novice
48

(rmaerik) ,
rama or rama : a female mendicant or nun

(upsaka) , (upsik) , ,

upsaka: serving, a servant, worshipping, a worshipper, follower. a Buddhist lay worshipper (as

distinguished from the bhiku). upsik: a lay female votary of buddha (as distinguished from a
bhiku)

()

(
)

49

(sagha) ,

the whole community or collective body or brotherhood of monks (with Buddhists; also applied

to a monkish fraternity or sect among Jainas)

(ramaa) ,

a Buddhist monk or mendicant (also applied to buddha himself; also applied to a Jain ascetic

now commonly called yati). ramaa: making effort or exertion, toiling, labouring, (esp.) following
a toilsome or menial business
()

()

(bhiku) ,

a beggar, mendicant, religious mendicant, a Buddhist mendicant or monk

50

(updhyya) ,

a teacher, preceptor (who subsists by teaching a part of the veda or vedgas, grammar, etc.; he

is distinguished from the crya). upa: (a preposition or prefix to verbs and nouns , expressing)
towards , near to (opposed to apa , away), by the side of, with, together with, under, down. adhyya:
a lesson, lecture, chapter

()

(crya) ,

"knowing or teaching the cra or rules", a spiritual guide or teacher (especially one who invests

the student with the sacrificial thread, and instructs him in the vedas, in the law of sacrifice and
religious mysteries. cra: conduct , manner of action, behaviour, good behaviour, good conduct.
cra: going, motion, progression, course.

(dhta) ,
shaken , stirred , agitated

51

(
)

(bhadanta) ,
a term of respect applied to a Buddhist , a Buddhist mendicant

(sthavira) ,

old, ancient, venerable, an old man.(with Buddhists) an "Elder" (Name of the oldest and most

venerable bhikus)

(sthavira) ,

old, ancient, venerable, an old man.(with Buddhists) an "Elder" (Name of the oldest and most

venerable bhikus)

(vihrasvmin)() ,

vihra: walking for pleasure or amusement, wandering, roaming. (with Buddhists or jainas) a

monastery or temple (originally a hall where the monks met or walked about; afterwards these halls
were used as temples). svmin: an owner, proprietor, master, lord or owner of

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(karmadna),
dna: communicating, imparting, teaching

(karmadna)

(Dahara) ,
small , fine , thin, young in age, a younger brother

(: Dahara

Sthavira )

(antevsi) ,
in statu pupillari

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