Design of Tunnel Steel Supports : Reference : Mannual on the Planing and Design of Hydraulic Tunnels. Publication No.

184 Central Board of Irrigation and Power, December 1987. Dia. of the Tunnel ( b ) = 5.00 m

ISMB 200

5.00

5.300 Croos Section of D - Shaped Tunnel : Solution : A . Analysis and Design of Arch rib : Step 1 : Calculation of Rock Load : Design Rock Load = 0.25B (For Massive, moderately jointed rock. ) Assume rib of ISMB 200 at 500 mm C/C. Depth of ISMB 200 = 200 mm C/C Spacing of ribs = 0.5 m 3 Unit Weight of Rock = 2500 kg/m Design Rock Load (Hp) = 0 .25 B = 0.25*5.3 = 1.325 m Load per meter width of rib = 1*1.325*0.5*2500 = 1656.25 kg Proctor and White method, which is a graphical method to determine the design thust, is adopted for the tunnel supports. Mean Radius ( R ) = 5.3 / 2 = 2.65 m

Step 2 : Calculation of Rock Load at Blocking Points : (See Diagram.1) Angle b/w 2 points
1 7 2 6 3

12.857 degrees

4
3

5 6

2 1

7 8

2.65 Distance b/w points 1 & 2 Distance b/w points 2 & 3 Distance b/w points 3 & 4 Distance b/w points 4 & 5 Distance b/w points 5 & 6 Distance b/w points 6 & 7 Distance b/w points 7 & 8 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 0.223 0.590 0.434 0.560 0.623 0.502 0.782 0.420 0.901 0.316 0.975 0.196 1.000 0.066 x 2.65 m x 2.65 m x 2.65 m x 2.65 m x 2.65 m x 2.65 m x 2.65 m

Blocking Points 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Total

Load at Points kgs 110.043 324.611 522.901 694.972 832.193 927.685 976.658 4389.063

Therefore , Total Load = 4389.063 kgs For Maximum Thrust See Diagram '2' : From Force Polygon (i.e Diagram 2) the largest ray is T1-2 on which design is based. DesignThrust T = 9000.00 kgs Step 3 : Calculation of Stresses : h = Rise of Arch rib between Blocking points in ' cm ' h = R - R2 -( C/2)2 Where , R = Radius of Neutral Axis of rib in 'cm' C = Chord Length b/w Neutral Axis of Blocking Points R = 2.65 m

= Sin = Sin = C = C = h = C/2 R 0.112 0.593 m 59.342 cm 265-SQRT((265^2-(59.342/2)^2)) = 1.666 cm C/2

265 cm h C R= 2.65

/2 = 6.429 = 12.857 Maximum Thrust ( T ) Bending Moment in the rib in 'kg-cm' Mt = 9000.00 kgs 1.667*9000 14996.80 kg-cm

= = Maximum Moment in the rib ( M ) = 0.86 * Mt Mmax.

= 0.86*14996.8 = 12897.25 kg-cm i. Check for Stresses in Arch portion of the rib (fr) : fr = T + Mmax. A Z 200 A =
2 32.33 cm 3 223.5 cm

From Steel Tables, for ISMB,

Z = fr = (9000/32.33)+(12897.248/223.5)
2 = 336.08502 kg/cm

Maxiumum Permissible Stress

2 1900 kg/cm

( IS : 4880 Part - VI of Clause 9.2 )

336.086<=1900 Hence Safe B. Design of Vertical leg : Axial Laod Height of Member Yield Strength of Steel Solution : Effective Length of Column Properties of ISMB 200 : Sectional Area Provided ( A ) rxx ryy rmin. Slenderness Ratio ( = l / rmin.) For l / rmin. =116.279 , ac Safe Load carrying capacity = = = = = = = = = = = 88.290 kN 2.5 m 2 250 N/mm 2.5 m (Both ends hinged ) 32.33 cm 83.2 mm 21.5 mm 21.5 mm 116.28 50.28 N/mm ( Table 5.1 of IS:800 ) 50.28 x 3233.00 1000
2 2

= 162.555 kN 162.556>=88.29 , Hence Safe

Design of Structural Steel Ribs : Unit weight of soil () Height of overburden ( z ) C/C spacing of ribs I.D. of Tunnel O.D. of Tunnel Elasticity modulus of soil Solution : Calculation of Loads : Ground load ( P ) = * z = = = = = = 120 30 3 14 15 29000000 pcf ft ft ft ft psi

= = = Rib ring thrust per foot of Tunnel ( T ) = P * r T = = Thrust per rib ( T ) = = Steel : Try W6 x 25 Area ( A ) Axial stress ( c) = T/A = =

120 x 30.00 3600 psf 3.6 ksf 3.6 x 7.50 27.00 k/ft 27.00 x 3.00 81.00 k/rib

2 7.34 in

81.00 7.34 11.04 ksi 11035.42 psi

= = Moment ( M) = + 3EI R D D = =

D D Bending stress ( b ) where Bending Stress : b = +

0.5 % MC I x C I

3EI R

D D

= Where

3E R c

D D =

x C

3 29000000.0 x 7.5 0.005 x 12.0 x 3.0

3x

= Total = b + c = =

14500 psi 14500 + 11035.42 25535.42 psi + 11035.42 psi x 36.0 ksi psi

For Temporary supports, allo

Total <=

= - 14500.00 = -3464.578 = 0.75 x fy = 0.75 = 27 = 27000 allow Hence OK

Design of Structural Steel Ribs : Unit weight of rock () Height of overburden ( z ) C/C spacing of ribs I.D. of Tunnel O.D. of Tunnel Elasticity modulus of rock Solution : Calculation of Loads : Load due to overburden ( P ) = * z = = = = = = kN/m3 m m m m 2 22360.7 N/mm 25 11 0.5 6.8 8

= Rib ring thrust per foot of Tunnel ( T ) = P * R T = = Thrust per rib ( T ) = = Steel : Try ISMB 200 Area ( A ) Axial stress ( c) = T/A = =

x 11.00 2 275 kN/m 275 x 4.00 1100.00 kN/m 1100.00 x 0.50 550.00 kN / rib

25

2 3233.00 mm

550.00 x 10.0 ^3 3233.00

2 170.12 N / mm

= Moment ( M) = + 3EI R D D = =

D D Bending stress ( b ) where Bending Stress : b = + b

0.5 % MC I x C I x C

3EI R 3E R c
+

D D D D =

= Where

100 mm

3x

22360.7 x 4 =

0.005 x 100.0 x 1000.0

2 8.385 N / mm

Total =

b + c

= = =

8.385

+ 170.12

2 178.51 N / mm

For Temporary supports, allow

= = = = allow

+ 170.12 2 161.735 N / mm 0.75 x fy 0.75 x 250.0 2 187.5 N / mm Hence OK

- 8.385

Total <=