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Figure 1 (a)
Figure 2
For studying the transmission Figure 3 (b)
characteristics of the three L-shaped bent The guidance of the L-shaped bend may
PCWG, firstly, we select a certain vary with the different types of L-shaped
operating wavelength within the band bends and the distinct wavelengths. We
gap, say λ=1µm, for simulation. And we scan the wavelength from 0.90µm to
choose a Gaussian beam of which half 1.70µm by the increment △λ=0.05µm
e-1-width is 4µm as the input light. to simulate the propagations of TE-mode
Figure 3 presents the intensity contour lights. Observing the band structure
of the each electromagnetic field diagram in Fig. 2, λ=1.40µm
component as the light propagates along corresponding to the normalized
the above three L-shaped bent photonic frequency ωa/2πc=a/λ ≅ 0.7, there are
crystal waveguides. The TE-mode case many ω-k curves nearly across it. And
is shown in Fig. 3(a) and the TM-mode hence the light of λ=1.40µm can escape
case is shown in Fig. 3(b). It is found into the bulk crystal region easily, so the
that the optical confinements in these guidance of the photonic crystal
bent corners are not so good in waveguide is the worst among our
agreement with common expectations. simulation cases. We observe that the
Most people think that the light, of major bandwidth of good transmission is
wavelength within the band gap, is between 1.50µm and 1.65µm. This
forbidden from entering into the bandwidth of good transmission is
adjacent bulk region of the bent corner. beyond the band gap of the perfect
The power loss in the bent region should photonic crystal. Table 1 lists the
be negligible. However, owing to the transmission efficiency (Po/Pi) along the
strong optical reflection by the bent three types of L-shaped bends in the
corner and the deviation of the band gap, major bandwidth. It shows the
the light is hardly guided along the transmission efficiencies along Type (II)
90-degree bent PCWG at this operating and Type (III) L-shaped bends are
wavelength. obviously superior to that of Type (I)
bend, because the corner-reflection of
lights have been reduced in case of
existence of the 45° mirror or the 45°
transitional section.
Operating Transmission Transmission Transmission
wavelength efficiency efficiency efficiency
in µm along Type along Type along Type
(I) bend (II) bend (III) bend
4 Conclusions
References
[1] Y. Naka and H. Ikuno,
“Two-dimensional photonic crystal
L-shaped bent waveguide and its
application to wavelength
multi/demultiplexer,” Turk J. Elec.
Engin., vol. 10, 245-256, 2002.
[2] N. Fukaya, D. Ohsaki, and T. Baba,
“Two-dimensional photonic crystal
waveguides with 60° bends in a thin slab
structure,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., vol. 39,
2619-2623, 2000.
[3] L. H. Frandsen, A. Harpose, P. I.
Borel, M. Kristensen, “Broad photonic
crystal waveguides with 60° bend