Page 1 of 5

Mathematical Formulae

1. ALGEBRA
Quadratic Equation
For the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0,
− b ± b 2 − 4ac
x=
2a
Binomial expansion
⎛n⎞ ⎛n⎞ ⎛n⎞
(a + b )n = a n + ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟a n −1b + ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟a n − 2 b 2 + ... + ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟a n − r b r + ... + b n ,
⎝1⎠ ⎝ 2⎠ ⎝r⎠

⎛n⎞ n! n(n − 1)...(n − r + 1)

where n is a positive integer and ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ = =
⎝ r ⎠ r!(n − r )! r!

2. TRIGONOMETRY
Identities
sin2 A + cos2 A = 1
sec2 A = 1 + tan2 A
cosec2 A = 1 + cot2 A
sin (A ± B) = sin A cos B ± cos A sin B
cos (A ± B) = cos A cos B ∓ sin A sin B
tan A ± tan B
tan (A ± B) =
1 ∓ tan A tan B
sin 2A = 2 sin A cos A
cos 2A = cos2 A – sin2 A = 2 cos2 A – 1 = 1 – 2 sin2 A
2 tan A
tan 2 A =
1 − tan 2 A
sin A + sin B = 2 sin ½(A + B) cos ½(A – B)
sin A – sin B = 2 cos ½(A + B) sin ½(A – B)
cos A + cos B = 2 cos ½(A + B) cos ½(A – B)
cos A – cos B = – 2 sin ½(A + B) sin ½(A – B)
Formulae for ΔABC
a b c
= =
sin A sin B sin C
a2 = b2 + c2 – 2bc cos A
Δ = ½ ab sin C

Methodist Girls’ School Additional Mathematics Paper 2 Preliminary Exam 2008

 Page 2 of 5

1 ( )
A cone has a base radius of 1 + 2 cm. If the volume of the cone is
π
3
(7 + 4 2 ),
find the height of the cone. [4]

2 A function g is defined by g(x) = 7 – | 4 – 2x |.

(i) Sketch the graph of y = g(x), showing the coordinates of the x- and y-intercepts
clearly. [3]

(ii) If x = 0 is one of the solutions of the equation p = 7 – | 4 – 2x |, find the other

solution of this equation. [1]

(iii) State the range of values of q if 7 – | 4 – 2x | = q has no real roots. [1]

3 (a) Find the range of values of p such that 3 x 2 + 2 x + 2 px + 3 is always positive for all x.
[4]

(b) Find the range of values of m such that y + m = −2 x intersects y + x 2 = 4 + x at two

distinct points. Hence write down the value(s) of m for which this line is a tangent to
the curve. [4]

4 Given that the equation 2 x 2 + 3x + 6 = 0 has roots α and β.

(i) Find the value of α + β and of αβ. [2]

1 1
(ii) Obtain an equation whose roots are and . [6]
α 2
β2

5 (a)
5 ⎛
( 1⎞
)
Find the coefficient of x4 in the expansion of 6 − x 2 ⎜ 2 x 2 + ⎟ .
3⎠
[4]
⎝

Expand and simplify (3 − 2 x ) up to the term in x3 in ascending powers of x.

5
(b)

⎛ 3⎞
Given that in the expansion of ⎜1 + ax − ⎟ (3 − 2 x ) , the term x2 has a coefficient of
5

⎝ x⎠
zero, find the value of a. [5]

Methodist Girls’ School Additional Mathematics Paper 2 Preliminary Exam 2008

 Page 3 of 5

6 (a) Find all the angles between 0o and 180o inclusive for which

cos 3x + cos x = 0 [4]

tan 2 A
(b) Prove that ≡ tan A . [4]
1 + sec 2 A

(c) The value of a machine depreciates with time, so that its value, $V, after t months use
is given by V = 36000 e – kt where k is a positive constant. The original value of the
machine is $36000 and it is expected to worth only $20000 after 30 months use.

Calculate the value, to the nearest $100, of the machine after 15 months use. [4]

7 A flower pot in the shape of a right circular frustum has a height of 1 m. The radii of
the circular surfaces are 2 m and 1 m respectively as shown in the diagram. Water is
9π 3
poured into the pot at a constant rate of m /s.
50

2m

1m
xm
1m

(i) Show that when the height of the water level reaches x m, the volume of water,
⎛1 ⎞
V m3, is given by V = π ⎜ x 3 + x 2 + x ⎟ . [3]
⎝3 ⎠

(ii) Calculate the rate of change of the height of the water level in the pot when
the water level reaches 0.5 m. [3]

8 Sketch the graph of y = 2 sin 2 x for 0 ≤ x ≤ π . [2]

(i) State the amplitude and period of y. [2]

(ii) If the x-coordinates of the intersection points between the curve and the line
y = 1 are x A and x B , show that the area enclosed by the curve and the line
π
y = 1 between the interval x A ≤ x ≤ x B is 3− . [5]
3

Methodist Girls’ School Additional Mathematics Paper 2 Preliminary Exam 2008

 Page 4 of 5

9 (a) lg x
(1, 3)

(2, 1)

lg y

The diagram shows part of a straight line graph obtained by plotting lg x against lg y.
Express y in terms of x. [4]

(b) A solid cylinder has a base radius of x cm and height (ax + b) cm where a and b are
constants. The total surface area of the cylinder is y cm2.

The table below shows some observed values of the two variables.

x 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

y 6.28 18.85 37.70 62.83 94.25 131.95
y
(i) By first expressing in terms of x and π which is suitable for drawing a
x
y
straight line, plot against x on a piece of graph paper. [3]
x
(ii) Use it to estimate the values of a and b. [3]

(iii) If this cylinder has a height that is three times its base radius x cm, express its
total surface area y in terms of x.
Hence by adding a suitable straight line onto the same graph, find the value of
x when the height of the cylinder is three times the base radius. [3]

10 A piece of wire is bent to form an equilateral triangle of side x cm while another piece
of wire is bent to form a square of side y cm. If the total length of the two pieces of
wire is 100 cm, express y in terms of x.

Hence show that the total area, A cm2, enclosed by these two shapes is given by

3 2 (100 − 3x )
2
A= x + .
4 16

Calculate the value of x for which A has a stationary value. Determine whether this
area is a maximum or minimum. [8]

Methodist Girls’ School Additional Mathematics Paper 2 Preliminary Exam 2008

 Page 5 of 5

11 A particle P starts from a point O and moves in a straight line so that its velocity, v
m/s, is given by v = 8 + 2t – t2, where t is the time in seconds after leaving O.
Calculate

(i) the values of t at the instants when the magnitude of the acceleration is
1 m/s2, [3]

(ii) the value of t when P comes to instantaneous rest, [2]

(iii) the distance of P from O when t = 5, [2]

(iv) the total distance travelled by P in the first 5 seconds. [2]

(v) Find the average speed of P in the first 5 seconds. [1]

8 x + 13
12 Express in partial fractions. [4]
(2 x + 1)(x + 2)2
2 8 x + 13
Hence evaluate ∫ (2 x + 1)(x + 2)
1 2
dx , giving your answer in the form a ln b + c

where a, b and c are rational numbers. [4]

g{x XÇw

Methodist Girls’ School Additional Mathematics Paper 2 Preliminary Exam 2008