Haider Crane Co.

1 12/25/07
Hoist Crane Single Girder
Haider Crane Co.
2 12/25/07
Hoist Crane Single Girder
Haider Crane Co.
3 12/25/07
Hoist Crane Single Girder
Haider Crane Co.
4 12/25/07
Hoist Crane Double Girder
Haider Crane Co.
5 12/25/07
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Haider Crane Co.
6 12/25/07
Hoist Crane Single Girder Gantry crane
Haider Crane Co.
7 12/25/07
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Haider Crane Co.
8 12/25/07
Hoist Crane Gantry crane
Haider Crane Co.
9 12/25/07
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Haider Crane Co.
10 12/25/07
Suspension Crane
Haider Crane Co.
11 12/25/07
Haider Crane Co.
12 12/25/07
Suspension Crane
Haider Crane Co.
13 12/25/07
Jib Crane
Haider Crane Co.
14 12/25/07
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Haider Crane Co.
15 12/25/07
Setting Crane Girder
Haider Crane Co.
16 12/25/07
Crane Design Basics
Haider Crane Co.
17 12/25/07
Span
P
Dead Load Bending
Max Moment =
el Pl
2
8 4
+
P = Center drive + Controls
w = Footwalk + Beam + Lineshaft
Dynamic Mx = Max Moment x factor
Dynamic My = Max Moment x factor
Span
P1 P2
x
y
Live Load Bending
L = Span
Jika P1=P2, pakai point-41, jika P1P2 pakai
point-42. Hitung juga moment maksimum
memakai rumus PL/4. Dengan kata lain
gunakan nilai terbesar yang diperoleh.
Compute Moments
Haider Crane Co.
18 12/25/07
Compute Stress
a
b
DL Dead load, LL = Live Load, Fy = Yield normally @ 36 ksi for A36 material, Fb = Allowable Stress
Dynamic Mx = LL Mx + DL Mx
My = LL My + DL My
f
M
S
F
b
x
bott
y
x
T
= s 06 .
f
M
S
f
M
S
f
F
f
F
b
x
Top
b
y
Top
b
b
b
y
x
C
y
C
x
C
x
y
C
=
=
+ s
0 6
10
.
.
Girder Beam
Fabricated/Box Beam
Available to 60 ft max. length
L/h should not exceed 25
L/b should not exceed 65
h
b
Haider Crane Co.
19 12/25/07
Compute Deflection
A
A
=
=
5
384
48
4
3
wl
EI
Pl
EI
For Uniform Load
For Conc. Load
For Trolley:
| |
P
LL TW
Pa
EI
l a
=
+
=
2
24
3 4
2 2
A
Haider Crane Co.
20 12/25/07
=
12000
L
d
A
f
= 06 . o
y
Allowable Compressive Stress Fb per CMAA 74
1/600
1/888
Use when the flanges
are not welded on the
top and bottom
Haider Crane Co.
21 12/25/07
Allowable Compressive Stress
y b
f
b
t
b
y
t
y
b
y t t
F
CMAA per
A
d
L
F
r
L
F Otherwise
F
r
L
F
F
F r
L
and
y
F r
L
o 6 . 0
) (
12000
170000
,
1530000 3
2
,
510000 102000
1
3
2
2
2




=
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
(
(
(
(
(

|
|
.
|

\
|
= s >
Select Allowable Stress which is the Greatest of all.
Then check for the following:
1
6 . 0
6 . 0
< +
<
y
y
comp
b
x
comp
y tensile
f o
o
o
o o
Haider Crane Co.
22 12/25/07
Lower Flange loading per CMAA 74
For a crane where the trolley is running on the bottom flange, it is necessary to check the local bending of
flange due to the wheel load. The flange must be OK before a beam selection is made.
This is a empirical formula
Haider Crane Co.
23 12/25/07
Lower Flange loading per CMAA 74
Haider Crane Co.
24 12/25/07
Lower Flange loading per CMAA 74
Haider Crane Co.
25 12/25/07
Lower Flange loading - Alternate procedure I
Flens bagian bawah dari balok crane harus diperiksa terhadap :
1) Tension in the web. 2) Bending of the bottom flange.
Panjang daerah perlawanan diambil 3,5 k (k = jarak yang diukur pada kemiringan 30
0
dari titik
beban crane). Dengan asumsi 4 roda (2 set) pada setiap ujung crane, setiap roda bekerja P/4
yang akan disalurkan ke-perletakan balok crane. Beban as roda sebesar P/2, mengakibatkan
tarik pada web.
Tegangan tarik pada web sebesar :
( )
f
P
A
P
t
P
t
t
w w
= = =
2 2 35 7 .
30 deg
P/2
3.5k
tf
k
Bottom Flange
e
e
Point of Load
tw
e
k1
P/4
tf
Lentur pada flens tergantung posisi roda
dengan reaksi web balok (e = jarak dari titik
beban ke bagian tepi web). Beban roda
sebesar P/4. Panjang arah longitudinal flens
yang ikut menahan lentur sebesar 2e.
Tegangan lentur sebesar ;
f
M
S
Pe
bd
Pe
et
P
t
b
f f
= = = =
4
6
4
6
2
075
2 2 2
.
Refer to Engineering Journal, 4
th
quarter, 1982, Tips for avoiding Crane Runway Problems by David T. Ricker
Haider Crane Co.
26 12/25/07
Lower Flange loading - Alternate procedure II
Now, the angle is changed from 30 degree to 45 degrees.
tw
e
k1
P/4
tf
45 deg
b=2e
Load
Capacity = 6000 lb (daya angkut crane)
Hoist, W
t
= 1000 lb (berat crane)
Load = 6000 +1000 = 7000 lb
Wheel load = 7000/4 = 1750 lb
With 15% impact = 1750(1.15) = 2013 lb
Lebar flens, b =11.5 inc, sehingga e = b/2 = 5.75 inc
Tebal flens, t
f
= 0.875 inc
Momen pada flens, M = 2013 (5.75) = 11574.75 lb-inc
Teg arah-y,
y
= M/S
y
= 11574.75. (6)/(11.5)(0.875)
2
= 7890.15 lb/in
2
Moment = 7000(1.15)(30)(12)/4 + 110 (12x30)
2
/(8 x12) = 873.000 lb-in
30 ft crane
Span
110 lb/ft
Teg arah-x,
x
= M/S
x
= 873.000/280 = 3117.8 lb/in
2
( ) 15 , 7890 8 , 3117
2
15 , 7890
2
8 , 3117
2 2
+ + = + + =
y x y x
o o o o o
= 9.827 << 0.6
y
= 21.600 lb/in
2
OK
Haider Crane Co.
27 12/25/07
EXAMPLE Simple Approach
Capacity: 2 Ton (=4000 lb), Span: 20 Ft (=240 in)
Hoist Wt: 200 lb, Hoist W.B: 12 in
Vertical Impact factor = 15%, Hor. Impact = 10%
Solution:
in
L
in
E E
EI
a L
Pa
EI
wL
in lb
S
M
in lb
S
M
in lb Mx
a
L
L
P wL
Mx
y
y
x
x
x
x




4 . 0
600
237 . 0
218 24
) 114 4 240 3 (
114 15 . 1 2100
218 12 384
240 ) 8 . 31 ( 5
24
) 4 3 (
384
5
/ 5 . 3039
15 . 1 27 . 9
1 . 0 1 . 1 1 . 294571
/ 6 . 8092
4 . 36
1 . 294571
1 . 294571
2
12
240
240 2
15 . 1 2100
8
240
12
8 . 31
2 2 8
2 2 4
2 2 4
2
2
2
2
2
2
= < =


+

=

+ =
=

= =
= = =
=
|
.
|

\
|

+ =
|
.
|

\
|
+ =
o
o
o
o
o
240
P1 P2
114
12 P=2100lb
OK
Say, for example, we select a A36, S beam
S-12x31x8, Ix=218 in
4
, Iy=37.1 in
4
,
Sx=36.4 in
3
, Sy=9.27 in
3
, d/Af=4.41
P=2100 lb, w = (31.8/12) lb/in
.
2
2 1
2
2
2
1
2
/ 8 . 337 . 11 , min_
/ 8 . 337 . 11
41 . 4 240
12000 12000
/ 000 . 216 36 6 . 0 6 . 0
/ 1 . 132 . 11 5 . 3039 6 . 8092
all comb
all all all
f
all
y all
comb
in lb of
in lb
A
d
L
in lb
in lb
o o
o o o
o
o o
o
<
= =
=

=
= = =
= + =




OK
Beam must be checked for
Lower flange load, if the
trolley is under running
Haider Crane Co.
28 12/25/07
EXAMPLE Conservative Approach
11 105
2000
12 . .
.
. s + s
Br speed
015 0005 05 . . ( ) . s s HoistSpeed
0078 0025 . ( _ .) . Bridge acc s
( ) ( )
C T WB X X
T WB
HLF
T Wt
DLF
2 2
1 2
_
_
_

(
+

(
P P M
P P
L
X X
L WB P
P P
OR M
PL
1 2
1 2 2 2
1 2
05
4
> =
+
=

+

(
= ,
( )
, . , ,
wL PL
2
8 4
+
o =
Mx
Sx
b
DLF =
HLF =
IFD =
Wheel Ld (P1/P2) =
= 1.10
= 1.15
= 0.39
= 2410
240
P1 P2
114
12 P=2100lb
Moment A = HLF x M (whichever is greater) =
= 166290
Moment B = IFD x M (whichever is greater) =56394
Static Moment = = 19080
Moment C = DLF x Static Moment
Moment D = IFD x Static Moment
= 20988
= 7441.2
Moment Mx = A+C = 187278
Moment My = B+D = 63835.2
Tensile Stress = = 5.15 < 0.6(36) OK
Comp. Stress X =
o =
Mx
Sx
t
= 5.15
= 17.07 Comp. Stress Y =
o =
My
Sy
C
f
C
F
x
b
y
y
+ <
06
1
.
= + = >
515
216
17 07
216
103 1
.
.
.
.
. ERR
d
wL
EI
1
5
384
00181
4
= = .
d
PL
EI
2
3
0
3
= =
( ) | |
d
P P
a
L a
EI
3
2
3 4
24
02188
1 2
2 2
=
+
= .
d
PL
EI
4
48
01098
1
3
= = .
Total Deflection = d1+d2+(Greater of d3 and d4)
Deflection = 0.0181+0+0.2188 = 0.2369 in
Deflection 0.2369 < L/600 (0.4) OK
Above calculation is for S12x31.8 Beam
Beam must be
checked for
Lower flange
load, if the trolley
is under running