Page 1

College of Engineering
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

Midterm Test Answer


SEMESTER 1, ACADEMIC YEAR 2010/2011

Subject Code : EEEB273

Course Title : Electronics Analysis & Design II

Date : 21 August 2010

Time Allowed : 2 hours




Page 2
Question 1 [40 marks]

(a) Consider the circuit in Figure 1a, the bias voltages are V
+
=5V, V

=-5V. Let
I
S1
=I
S2
=5x10
-15
A, V
T
=0.026 V, I
REF
=200A and I
o
=50A. Assume V
A
= and neglect
base currents.

i. Calculate V
BE1
and V
BE2
.
[6 marks]











ii. Design the circuit that provides the bias current (I
o
) and the reference current (I
REF
).
[6 marks]











iii. List the advantages of a Widlar current source as compared to a basic two-transistor
current source.
[2 marks]













Figure 1a

1
2
/
/
1 15
2 15
200
ln( ) (0.026) ln 0.6347
5 10
50
ln( ) (0.026) ln 0.5987
5 10
BE T
BE T
V V
REF S
V V
O S
REF
BE T
S
O
BE T
S
I I e
I I e
I
V V V
I
I
V V V
I

=
=

= = =

= = =

1
1
2
2
1 2
1 2
1
1
0.6347 0.5987
720
50
(5) ( 5) 0.6347
46.826
200
BE BE o E
BE BE
E
o
REF BE
BE
REF
V V I R
V V
R
I
I R V V V
V V V
R k
I

+
+
=

= = =
+ =

= = =

1
2
1
2
The advantage of a Widlar current source is that:
It requires small resistance values to produce the
desired bias currents
A difference in V
BE
voltages of the two transistors can
produce a large magnitude difference between I
REF

and I
o
.
1
1
Page S
(b) Consider the circuit shown in Figure 1b, derive the equations that gives the relationship
between I
o
and I
REF
. Assume all transistors are identical and >>1.
[6 marks]





















Figure 1b



(c) In the NMOS cascode current source as shown in Figure 1c, I
REF
=0.1mA. All transistors
are matched with parameters V
TN
=0.5V, K
n
=100A/V
2
and =0.02V
-1
.

i. Draw the ac equivalent circuit if the gates voltages of all transistors are constant.
[3 marks]
















Grounds 1 mark
M2 and M4 correctly connected 1 marks
Labels 1 mark
Figure 1c

) ln(
) ln(
2
1
/
2
/
1
2
1
S
O
T BE
S
REF
T BE
V V
S C O
V V
S C REF
I
I
V V
I
I
V V
e I I I
e I I I
T BE
T BE
=
=
= =
=

) ln(
) ln(
1 1 2
1 2
REF
O
T E REF
E REF E E BE BE
REF
O
T BE BE
I
I
V R I
R I R I V V
I
I
V V V
=
=
=

Label
1
1
1
1
1
1
Page 4
ii. Draw the small-signal equivalent circuit for the circuit obtained in part i.
[5 marks]

Each transistor - 1mark = 2marks
r
o2
connection 1 mark
Node labels 2 marks.


iii. Calculate the V
GS
of each transistors and the output resistance R
o
looking into M
4
.
[10 marks]























iv. Calculate the changes on the output current if V
D4
changes from -2V to +2V.
[2 marks]

1
1
( 2 ( 2 ) 8 0
5 0
o o
o
o
d I d V
R
d I n A
M
=
= =

Matched transistors:
( )
V V V
I I
V V V
K
I
V V
V V K I
GS GS
REF o
GS GS
n
REF
TN GS
TN GS n REF
5 . 1
5 . 1
1 . 0
1 . 0
5 . 0
2 4
2 1 3
2
3
= =
=
= = = + = + =
=



( ) [ ]
= = =
= + + = + + =
= = = =
= =
= = = =
M k k m r r g R
or
M k m k k r g r r R
V mA m I K I K g
k r r
k
m I I
r
o o m o
o m o o O
REF n o n m
o o
REF o
o
50 ) 500 )( 500 )( 2 . 0 (
51 ) 500 )( 2 . 0 ( 1 500 500 1
/ 2 . 0 ) 1 . 0 )( 100 ( 2 2 2
500
500
) 1 . 0 )( 02 . 0 (
1 1 1
4 2
4 2 4
2 4
2

1
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
1
Page S
Question 2 [30 marks]

(a) Sketch the equivalent AC circuit of a BJT differential amplifier with differential-mode
input signal.
[5 marks]





Ac circuit equivalent with (a) two-sided output and (b) one-sided output




(b) With aid of circuit diagram, Design a BJT differential amplifier with a three-transistor
current source to establish the desired bias current I
Q
=0.2 mA. The supply voltages are
V
+
=10 V and V
-
=-10 V. The transistor parameters for the BJT diff-amp pair are =100,
V
A
=, V
O2
=8 V, V
T
=26 mV and A
cm
=0.5. The circuit parameters of the current source are
V
BE(on)
=0.7 V, V
A
=, and =150. Neglect the base currents and consider one-side output.

i. Draw the designed circuit. Label the circuit clearly.
[5 marks]

Any circuit (a) or (b) is correct
1
0.5
0.5
1
1
0.5
0.5
1
0.5
0.5
1
1
0.5
0.5
Page 6
ii. Determine the value of R
C
and R
ref
.
[6 marks]


2
0.2
0.1 ,
2 2
10 8
20 ,
0.1
Q
o
I
Ic mA
V v
Rc k
Ic mA
+
= = =

= = =


3 1
0.2
10 1.4 10
93
0.2
REF
BE BE
REF
REF
I Io mA
V V V V
R k
I mA
+
=
+
= = =




iii. Determine the differential voltage gain (A
d
) and the CMRR.
[6 marks]

3
3 3
2
0.1
3.846 10
26
3.846 10 20 10
38.4615
2
38.4615
76.923
0.5
20 (76.923) 37.72
m C
d
CQ
m
T
d
d
cm
dB
g R
A
I
mA
g
V mV
A
A
CMRR
A
CMRR Log

=
= = =

= =
= = =
= =



iv. Determine the differential-mode input resistance (R
id
).
[4 marks]
3
2
2
2 100 0.026
52
0.1 10 ^
id
CQ
id
VT
R r
I
R K

= =

= =

v. Find the output voltage of the differential amplifier when a differential-mode input
voltage of v
d
=0.3 sin t V is applied.
[4 marks]

,
38.461 0.3 11.538
o d d
o
V A V
V Sin t Sin t V
=
= =



1
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
2
2
2
Page 7
Question 3 [30 marks]

Figure 2 shows a MOSFET differential amplifier biased using a MOSFET current source. M
1

and M
2
are always in saturation. Study Figure 2 carefully. Transistor parameters are V
TN
= 2 V,
K
n
= 0.25 mA/V
2
, and = 0. Given that V
GS3
is 3.16 V. Show all your calculations clearly
when answering the following questions.

(a) Find I
1
, I
Q
, and I
D1
.

[12 marks]

Figure 2



(b) Determine V
GS1
, V
DS1
, and V
DS4
.
[9 marks]
















I
1
= (V
+
- V
GS3
- V
-
) / (R
1
) [2]
= (10 - 3.16 - (-10))/(50k) [2]
= 0.337 mA

I
Q
= I
REF
[2]
= 0.337 mA [2]

I
D1
= I
Q
/ 2 [2]
= 0.168 mA [2]



I
D1
= K
n
(V
GS1
V
TN
)
2
[1]
0.168m = (0.25m)(V
GS1
2)
2
[1]
V
GS1
= 2.821 V [1]

V
DS1
= V
D1
- V
S1
[1]


= (V
+
I
D1
R
D
) (V
G1
V
GS1
) [1]
= (10 (0.168m)(24k)) (0 2.82) [1]
= 8.779 V

V
DS4
= V
S1
V
-
[1]


= (V
G1
V
GS1
) (V
-
) [1]
= (0 2.82) (-10) [1]
= 7.179 V

Page 8
(c) What is the output resistance (R
O
) of the current source if for M
4
is 0.01 V
-1
?
[3 marks]










(d) A one-sided output voltage at the drain of M
2
can be derived using small-signal equivalent
circuit to produce

{1}


R
O
is the output resistance of the current source. Using Equation {1} above, find the
differential-mode voltage gain (A
d
), the common-mode voltage gain (A
cm
), and the common
mode rejection ratio (CMRR) of the MOSFET differential amplifier in Figure 2. Use the
output resistance value obtained from question (c) above.
[6 marks]

























-End of questions paper-
cm
o m
D m
d
D m
o
V
R g
R g
V
R g
V
2 1 2 +
=
R
O
= r
O4
[1]
= 1 / ( I
Q
) [1]
= 1 / (0.01)(0.337m) [1]
= 296.9 k


A
d
= (g
m
R
D
) / 2
= R
D
SQRT(K
n
I
Q
/ 2) [1]
= (24k) SQRT((0.25m)(0.337m)

/2) [1]
= 4.92

A
cm
= (-g
m
R
D
) / (1+2g
m
R
o
)
= (-R
D
SQRT(2K
n
I
Q
)) / (1+2R
o
SQRT(2K
n
I
Q
))
{i.e. Equation 11.82(b) in textbook} [1]
= {Put in all relevant values} [1]
= -0.04

CMRR = | A
d
/ A
cm
| [1]

= |4.92 / 0.04| [1]
= 122.34

CMRR
dB
= 20 log
10
| A
d
/ A
cm
|
= 41.75 dB