International Journal of Computer Engineering and Technology (IJCET), ISSN 0976INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING & 6367(Print), ISSN

0976 6375(Online) Volume 4, Issue 4, July-August (2013), IAEME

TECHNOLOGY (IJCET)

ISSN 0976 6367(Print) ISSN 0976 6375(Online) Volume 4, Issue 4, July-August (2013), pp. 390-399 IAEME: www.iaeme.com/ijcet.asp Journal Impact Factor (2013): 6.1302 (Calculated by GISI) www.jifactor.com

IJCET
IAEME

IMAGE RESOLUTION ENHANCEMENT BY USING WAVELET TRANSFORM

Ramdas Bagawade1, Pradeep Patil2
1 2

Computer Engineering, Vidya Pratishthans College of Engineering, Baramati, India. Information Technology, Vidya Pratishthans College of Engineering, Baramati, India.

ABSTRACT NOW days resolution of image is an important issue in almost all image and video processing applications like, feature extraction, video resolution enhancement, and satellite image resolution enhancement. Satellite images are used in various applications like geoscientific studies, astronomy, and geographical information systems. In image processing to increase number of pixels in digital image is called as interpolation. There are different traditional image interpolation techniques such as Bilinear Interpolation, Nearest Neighbor Interpolation, Bicubic Interpolation and Lanczos Interpolation etc, but compare to all traditional methods the image resolution enhancement method that use wavelet transform gives better result. Resolution enhancement techniques which are not based on wavelets get affected by the drawback of loosing high-frequency components (i.e. edges), which results in blurred output. But Wavelet transform retains high frequency components. Wavelet transform provides time and frequency representation simultaneously. In this work we are using SWT (Stationary Wavelet Transform) and DWT (Discrete Wavelet Transform) to enhance image resolution and then intermediate subbands of image produced by SWT and DWT are interpolated by using Lanczos interpolation. Finally we combine all subbands by using IDWT (Inverse Discrete Wavelet Transform). Keywords: Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), Inverse Discrete Wavelet Transform (IDWT), Peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), Root mean square error (RMSE), Stationary Wavelet Transform (SWT). I. INTRODUCTION

SATELLITE images are utilized in many applications such as geoscientific studies, astronomy, and geographical information systems. Resolution of an image is always an important
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International Journal of Computer Engineering and Technology (IJCET), ISSN 09766367(Print), ISSN 0976 6375(Online) Volume 4, Issue 4, July-August (2013), IAEME issue in almost all image and video processing applications, such as video resolution enhancement, feature extraction and satellite image resolution enhancement. In image processing to increase number of pixels in digital image is called as interpolation. Interpolation has been widely used for resolution enhancement. Interpolation has been widely used in almost all image processing applications such as multiple description coding, facial reconstruction, and image resolution enhancement. There are four popular interpolation techniques named as nearest neighbor, bilinear, bicubic and Lanczos [1]. Nearest Neighbor result in significant Jaggy Edge distortion. The Bilinear Interpolation result in smoother edges but somewhat blurred appearance overall. Bicubic Interpolation looks best with smooth edges and much less blurring than the bilinear result [2]. The Lanczos interpolation which is nothing but windowed form of a sinc filter is better than other traditional interpolation techniques like nearest neighbor, bilinear, and bicubic interpolation, because of increased ability to detect edges and linear features [1]. Resolution enhancement techniques which not use wavelets get affected by the drawback of loosing highfrequency components, which produce blurred output. But Wavelet Transform retains these high frequency components. Wavelet transform provides time and frequency representation simultaneously. The high frequency subbands obtained by applying SWT on the original input image are then interpolated by Lanczos interpolation to get high frequency subbands in order to get correct estimated coefficients. In this work we are using SWT and DWT to enhance image resolution and the intermediate subbands of image produced by SWT and DWT are interpolated by using Lanczos interpolation. Finally we combine all subbands by using IDWT. We can apply this image resolution enhancement technique in multitemporal image change detection [3], which is nothing but an application of this image resolution enhancement technique. First step in multitemporal image change detection is finding the difference image of satellite image taken at two different time stamps of same geographical area then enhancing same by above resolution enhancement technique, which produce enhanced difference image. Finally we get change detection result by applying k-mean algorithm on enhanced difference image only. II. LITERATURE SURVEY

There are four well-known traditional interpolation techniques namely nearest neighbor, bilinear, bicubic and Lanczos. In [4] using bilinear, bicubic method the PSNR values for Lenas image are 26.34 and 26.86. W. Knox. Carey, Daniel. B. Chuang, and S. S. Hemami in [5] presented the regularity-preserving interpolation technique for image resolution enhancement synthesizes a new wavelet subband based on the known wavelet transform coefficients decay. Which gives PSNR (db) value for Lenas Image as 31.7 [5]. Xin. Li and Michael. T. Orchard in [6] presented a hybrid approach produced by combining bilinear interpolation and covariance-based adaptive interpolation called New Edge-Directed Interpolation Which gives PSNR(db) value for Lenas Image as 28.81 [4]. Alptekin. Temizel and Theo. Vlachos in [7] presented technique named Wavelet domain image resolution enhancement using cycle-spinning and edge modelling , which improves PSNR (db) values for Lenas image up to 29.27 [4]. Hasan. Demirel and Gholamreza. Anbarjafari in [8] presented an approach DT- CWT based image resolution enhancement which gives PSNR (db) value for Lenas Image as 33.74 [4]. Gholamreza. Anbarjafari and Hasan. Demirel in [9] presented a method named Image super resolution based on interpolation of wavelet domain high frequency subbands and the spatial domain input image, which gives PSNR(db) value for Lenas image up to 34.79 [4]. Hasan. Demirel and Gholamreza. Anbarjafari in [4] presented new method named Image Resolution Enhancement by Using Discrete and Stationary Wavelet Decomposition, which give PSNR(db) value for Lenas image as 34.82 [4].

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International Journal of Computer Engineering and Technology (IJCET), ISSN 09766367(Print), ISSN 0976 6375(Online) Volume 4, Issue 4, July-August (2013), IAEME III. PROPOSED METHOD

Input to this technique is the low resolution image of size (m n). In first step apply SWT and DWT simultaneously on original image. SWT will create four subband images namely LL, LH, HL and HH (of same size as that of input image) also DWT will create four subband images namely LL, LH, HL, and HH (of half size as that of input image). Then in second step apply Lanczos interpolation with factor 2 on LH, HL and HH subbands produced by DWT. Then in step three add LH subband of SWT with LH subband of DWT obtained in second step, add HL subband of SWT with HL subband of DWT obtained in second step and add HH subband of SWT with HH subband of DWT obtained in second step, which produces Enhanced (Estimated) LH, HL and HH respectively. Then in step four apply Lanczos interpolation with factor /2 on original low resolution image, LH, HL and HH (subbands obtained in step three), give these four images as input to IDWT which produces high resolution image (m n) which is outcome of our system.

Fig.1 SWT, DWT and Lanczos Interpolation

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International Journal of Computer Engineering and Technology (IJCET), ISSN 09766367(Print), ISSN 0976 6375(Online) Volume 4, Issue 4, July-August (2013), IAEME A. Discrete Wavelet Transform

Fig.2 DWT Apply 1-D discrete wavelet transform (DWT) first along the rows of the image, and then along the columns to produce 2-D decomposition of image [10]. DWT produce four subbands LL (low low), LH (Low High), HL (High Low) and HH (High High).By using these four subbands we can regenerate original image by passing the four subbands to IDWT. DWT produce four subbands of half of original image size while SWT produce four subbands (LL, LH, HL, and HH) of same size as that of original image.

. (1) DWT will be obtained by using formula: . (2)

. (3)

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International Journal of Computer Engineering and Technology (IJCET), ISSN 09766367(Print), ISSN 0976 6375(Online) Volume 4, Issue 4, July-August (2013), IAEME IDWT will be obtained by using formula: .. . . (4) Equations 1, 2, 3 and 4 are referred from [13]. Stationary Wavelet Transform The Stationary wavelet transform is a wavelet transform algorithm which is created to remove lack of translation-invariance of discrete wavelet transform (DWT). Translation-invariance is obtained by removing the upsamplers and downsamplers in DWT and also upsampling in the jth level, filter coefficients by factor of 2j1 of DWT algorithm. The SWT is ambiguous scheme as output of each level of SWT contains same number of samples as that of input, so for decomposition of N levels there is ambiguity of N in the wavelet coefficients. SWT also known as undecimated wavelet transform (is as shown in Fig.3) is similar to that of DWT just the size of subbands produced by SWT is same as that of input image size because it not use downsampling as it is used in DWT. B.

Fig.3 SWT Lanczos Interpolation We are using Lanczos interpolation function in two dimensions for this work. We can perform interpolation of a two dimensional image f by using Lanczos filter of order n by using following formula [11]: C.

. (5) Where (x, y) is nothing but coordinates of the interpolation point and is maximum value integer which is less or equal to the parameter value (i.e. floor operator). Flux is preserved by applying filter weight w as divisor, which can be obtained by following formula [11]:

. (6)
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International Journal of Computer Engineering and Technology (IJCET), ISSN 09766367(Print), ISSN 0976 6375(Online) Volume 4, Issue 4, July-August (2013), IAEME Lanczos interpolation makes use of neighborhood of 2n 2n nearest pixels in mapped square. As two dimensional Lanczos filter is no separable, so Lanczos interpolation algorithms complexity is O (N4 n2) [11]. D. Peak to Signal Noise Ratio PSNR can be obtained by using following formula [10]: . (7) Where R is the maximum fluctuation in the input image (255 in here as the images are represented by 8 bit, i.e., 8-bit grayscale representation have been used radiometric resolution is 8 bit). When the two images are identical, the MSE will be zero. For this value the PSNR is undefined (see Division by zero). MSE is representing the MSE between the given input image Iin and the original image Iorg which can be obtained by the following formula [10]:

.. . (8) IV. RESULT AND DISCUSSION This section present the PSNR values of different images obtained by different image resolution enhancement techniques. The application was coded and compiled in the JAVA 1.6. The obtained results might slightly differ for image settings. We used various images for testing. From the obtained results we can conclude that the image resolution enhancement techniques based on wavelet transform gives good result than other. Max PSNR value means good image quality hence this approach can also be used for image resolution enhancement.

Fig.4 Satellite Image-II [12], [10]

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International Journal of Computer Engineering and Technology (IJCET), ISSN 09766367(Print), ISSN 0976 6375(Online) Volume 4, Issue 4, July-August (2013), IAEME

Fig.5 Input Images [10], [4]

Table I: Performance Comparison for Satellite Image-I Technique Bilinear [10] Bicubic [10] WZP [10] WZP-CS [10] CWT [8] DWT SWT Bicubic [10] Our Method PSNR (dB) 19.07 20.16 19.26 21.09 24.08 24.97 46.657948

Table II: Performance Comparison for Baboon Image Technique Bilinear [4] Bicubic [4] WZP [4] WZP-CS[4] CWT [4] Our Method PSNR (dB) 20.51 20.61 21.47 21.54 23.12 27.058

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International Journal of Computer Engineering and Technology (IJCET), ISSN 09766367(Print), ISSN 0976 6375(Online) Volume 4, Issue 4, July-August (2013), IAEME

Figure 6 Graph-I (for Satellite Image-I)

Fig.7 Graph-II (for Baboons image) Graph-I is based on PSNR values obtained for satellite image-I using different techniques while graph-II is based on PSNR values obtained for Baboons image. In both graphs we can see that PSNR value using proposed method is greater than any other method. CONCLUSION Table-I Table-II, Fig.6 and Fig.7 shows that the image resolution enhancement using DWT and SWT gives better result than other techniques studied in this work. The Lanczos interpolation which is windowed form of a sinc filter is superior to other traditional interpolation techniques such as nearest neighbor, bilinear, bicubic Interpolation. We use DWT, SWT and Lanczos Interpolation method for resolution enhancement. This approach gives better result in comparison to other method. For Baboon image we get PSNR value 27.0758dB. We conclude that this approach can also be used for image resolution enhancement.

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International Journal of Computer Engineering and Technology (IJCET), ISSN 09766367(Print), ISSN 0976 6375(Online) Volume 4, Issue 4, July-August (2013), IAEME REFERENCES [1] Muhammad Zafar Iqbal, Abdul Ghafoor, and Adil Masood Siddiqui, "Satellite Image Resolution Enhancement Using Dual-Tree Complex Wavelet Transform and Nonlocal Means," IEEE Trans.Geosciences and Remote Sensing Letter,2012. Rafel C. Gonzalez and Richard E. woods and Steven L. Eddins," Digital Image Processing Using MATLAB (Second Edition). Shutao Li, Leyuan Fang and Haitao Yin, " Multitemporal Image Change Detection Using a Detail Enhancing Approach With Nonsubsampled Contourlet Transform," IEEE Geosciences and Remote Sensing Letter, VOL. 9, NO. 5, pp836-840, SEPTEMBER 2012. Hasan. Demirel and Gholamreza. Anbarjafari, Image Resolution Enhancement by Using Discrete and Stationary Wavelet Decomposition, IEEE Trans. IMAGE PROCESSING, VOL. 20, NO. 5, MAY 2011. W. Knox. Carey, Daniel. B. Chuang, and S. S. Hemami, Regularity Preserving image interpolation, IEEE Trans. Image Process., vol. 8, no. 9, pp. 1295 - 1297, Sep. 1999. Xin. Li and Michael. T. Orchard, New edge-directed interpolation, IEEE Trans. Image Process., vol. 10, no. 10, pp. 1521-1527, Oct. 2001. Alptekin. Temizel and Theo. Vlachos, "Wavelet domain image resolution enhancement using cycle spinning," Electron. Lett. vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 119-121, Feb. 3, 2005. Hasan. Demirel and Gholamreza. Anbarjafari, Satellite image resolution enhancement using complex wavelet transform," IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 123-126, Jan. 2010. Gholamreza. Anbarjafari and Hasan. Demirel, " Image super resolution based on interpolation of wavelet domain high frequency subbands and the spatial domain input image," ETRI J., vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 390-394, Jun. 2010. Hasan. Demirel and Gholamreza. Anbarjafari, Discrete Wavelet Transform-Based Satellite Image Resolution Enhancement," IEEE Trans. Geosciences and Remote Sensing Letter, VOL. 49, NO. 6, JUNE 2011. http://pixinsight.com/doc/docs/InterpolationAlgorithms/InterpolationAlgorithms.html http://www.satimagingcorp.com/ http://www.whydomath.org/node/wavlets/hwt.html B.V. Santhosh Krishna, AL.Vallikannu, Punithavathy Mohan and E.S.Karthik Kumar, Satellite Image Classification using Wavelet Transform, International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), Volume 1, Issue 1, 2010, pp. 117 - 124, ISSN Print: 0976- 6464, ISSN Online: 0976 6472. Darshana Mistry and Asim Banerjee, Discrete Wavelet Transform using MATLAB, International Journal of Computer Engineering & Technology (IJCET), Volume 4, Issue 2, 2013, pp. 252 - 259, ISSN Print: 0976 6367, ISSN Online: 0976 6375. M. M. Kodabagi, S. A. Angadi and Anuradha. R. Pujari, Text Region Extraction from Low Resolution Display Board Images using Wavelet Features, International Journal of Information Technology and Management Information Systems (IJITMIS), Volume 4, Issue 1, 2013, pp. 38 - 49, ISSN Print: 0976 6405, ISSN Online: 0976 6413. Mane Sameer S. and Dr. Gawade S.S., Review on Vibration Analysis with Digital Image Processing, International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering & Technology (IJARET), Volume 4, Issue 3, 2013, pp. 62 - 67, ISSN Print: 0976-6480, ISSN Online: 0976-6499.

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International Journal of Computer Engineering and Technology (IJCET), ISSN 09766367(Print), ISSN 0976 6375(Online) Volume 4, Issue 4, July-August (2013), IAEME AUTHORS PROFILE

Ramdas Bagawade1 received the B.E. degree in Computer Engineering from

Vidya Pratishtans College of Engineering, Baramati in 2008. He is currently pursuing M.E. Computer from Pune University.

Pradeep Patil2 has completed B.E. degree in 1995 from Dr. Babasaheb
Ambedkar Marathawada University at Aurangabad. Also completed M.E. Degree in 2005 from Shivaji University Kolhapur. Presently he is working in the Department of Information Technology at VPCOE Baramati as an Assistant Professor.

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