Table T9A Tables of Constants for Control Charts

(Variable data)
X bar and R Charts Chart for Averages Control Limits Factor Subgroup Size (n) A2 Chart for Ranges (R) Divisors to Estimates sx d2 Factors for Control Limits D3 D4 Chart for Averages Control Limits Factor A3 X bar and s charts Chart for Standard Deviation (s) Divisors to Estimate sx c4 Factors for Control Limits B3 B4

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 15 25

1.880 1.023 0.729 0.577 0.483 0.419 0.373 0.337 0.308 0.223 0.153

1.128 1.693 2.059 2.326 2.534 2.704 2.847 2.970 3.078 3.472 3.931

0.076 0.136 0.184 0.223 0.347 0.459

3.267 2.574 2.282 2.114 2.004 1.924 1.864 1.816 1.777 1.653 1.541

2.659 1.954 1.628 1.427 1.287 1.182 1.099 1.032 0.975 0.789 0.606

0.7979 0.8862 0.9213 0.9400 0.9515 0.9594 0.9650 0.9693 0.9727 0.9823 0.9896

0.030 0.118 0.185 0.239 0.284 0.428 0.565

3.267 2.568 2.266 2.089 1.970 1.882 1.815 1.761 1.716 1.572 1.435
sx R d2

Centerline CLX = X X bar and R Charts CLR = R CLX = X X bar and s Charts CLs = s
Note: Refer to the AIAG Manual for SPC.

Control Limits UCLX = X + A2 R UCLR = D4 R UCLX = X + A3S UCLs = B4 s LCLX = X A2 R LCLR = D3 R LCLX = X A3S LCLs = B3 s

s c4

Table T9B Tables of Constants for Control Charts

(Variable data)
Median Charts Chart for Medians Control Limits Factor Subgroup Size A2 Chart for Ranges (R) Divisors to Estimate sx d2 Factors for Control Limits D3 D4 Chart for Individuals Control Limits Factor E2 Charts for Individuals Chart for Moving Range (R) Divisors to Estimate sx d2 Factors for Control Limits D3 D4

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1.880 1.187 0.796 0.691 0.548 0.508 0.433 0.412 0.362

1.128 1.693 2.059 2.326 2.534 2.704 2.847 2.970 3.078

0.076 0.136 0.184 0.223

3.267 2.574 2.282 2.114 2.004 1.924 1.864 1.816 1.777

2.660 1.772 1.457 1.290 1.184 1.109 1.054 1.010 0.975

1.128 1.693 2.059 2.326 2.534 2.704 2.847 2.970 3.078

0.076 0.136 0.184 0.223

3.267 2.574 2.282 2.114 2.004 1.924 1.864 1.816 1.777

Centerline CLX = X Median Charts CLR = R CLX = X Charts for Individuals CLR = R
Note: Refer to the AIAG Manual for SPC.

Control Limits UCLX = X + A2 R UCLR = D4 R UCLX = X + E2 R UCLR = D4 R LCLX = X A2 R LCLR = D3 R LCLX = X E2 R LCLR = D3 R

Table T9C Tables of Formulas for Control Charts

(Attribute data)
Centerline Control Limits

Samples not necessarily of constant size

UCLpi = p + 3 p chart for proportions of units in a category CLp = p p(1 p ) ni LCLpi = p 3 p(1 p ) ni

If the Sample size is constant (n)

UCLp = p + 3 p(1 p ) n LCLp = p 3 p(1 p ) n

np chart for number/rate of units in a category c chart for number of incidences in one or more categories

CLnp = np

UCLnp = np + 3 np(1 p )

LCLnp = np 3 np(1 p )

CLc = c

UCLc = c + 3 c

LCLc = c 3 c

Samples not necessarily of constant size

UCLu = u + 3 u ni LCLu = u 3 u ni

u chart for number of incidences per unit in one or more categories

using average sample size

CLu = u UCLu = u + 3 u n LCLu = u 3 u n

If the sample size is constant (n)

UCLu = u + 3
Note: Refer to the AIAG Manual for SPC.

u n

LCLu = u 3

u n