Jerry Goure

ICS-5
12 December 2013
Outline - Lewis - Ch. 2
I. Robert Scott Duncanson (1821-72) enjoyed fame in Cincinnati and Detroit.
A. He moved from Canada to the Cincinnati area and was exhibiting there by 1842.
1. Fancy Portrait, Infant Savior, & The Miser
B. He painted several portraits for Detroit’s prominent people, likely for the money.
C. He traveled throughout New England and the Appalachians in 1845-1853.
1. The Blue Hole, Flood Waters, Little Miami River
2. Views of Cincinnati, Ohio, from Covington, Kentucky – a rare 19th century
portrayal of an American city
D. Nicholas Longworth commissioned a series of murals for his home (1848-1850) that are
suggestive of French landscape painting.
E. Uncle Tom and Little Eva (1853) is his only known painting in which the “concerns of
Blacks” are the main subject.
F. His portrait of Richard Sutton Rust (1858) is the exception to his otherwise poor
treatment of the human figure.
G. Land of the Lotus Eaters (1861) displayed a new ability to combine reality and
imagination.
H. He stayed in Europe near and during the time of the Civil War, and then returned to
Cincinnati.
II. Eugene Warburg (1825-67) was a sculptor in New Orleans.
A. He shared a studio with his stonemason/engraver brother in the French Quarter.
B. He left for Europe in the 1860s.
1. A series of bas-reliefs illustrating Uncle Tom’s Cabin.
2. A portrait bust (1853-1859?) of John Young Mason, the U.S. minister in France.
III. Edward Mitchell Bannister (1828-1901) was an American regionalist painter who was not
identified with social causes, but was dedicated to nature.
A. Boston (Early 1850s)
1. Studied art at the Lowell Institute under noted sculptor S.L. William Rimmer.
2. Made solar prints to fund his studies.
3. The Ship Outward Bound (1855) was his first commissioned work.
4. Married Christina Cartreaux of Rhode Island.
B. Providence, RI (1871)
1. Helped to found the Providence Art Club.
2. Won a bronze medal for Under the Oaks (1875) at the Centennial Exhibition in
Philadelphia, but was refused entrance on account of his race.
3. Approaching Storm (1886) is compared to 17th century works by the “little Dutch
masters.”
4. Driving Home the Cows (1881) depicts a simple, tranquil, picturesque scene.

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IV. Grafton Taylor Brown (1841-1918) may have been the first African American artist to work
professionally in California.
A. San Francisco (1850s)
1. Made lithographs of western towns – Santa Rosa, Fort Churchill, Virginia City,
San Francisco
2. Founded G.T. Brown & Co. in 1867, sold it in 1879, and maintained an office
there through the 1880s
B. Victoria, BC (1882)
1. He created extremely detailed watercolors of scenes encountered on his
explorations with the Amos Bowman party.
C. Portland, OR (1886-1890?)
1. Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone from Hayden Point (1891) may have been
influenced by Chinese art (Northern Sung school) he encountered in San
Francisco and/or on government surveys.
D. St. Paul, MN (1892-1918)
1. Worked for the U.S. Army Engineers as a draftsman (1892-1897).
2. Listed as an artist and draftsman (1897-1910).
V. Nelson A. Primus (1842-1916)
A. Lived in Boston (1864-1894) but continued to contribute artistically to his hometown of
Hartford, Conn.
1. He was disappointed with Edward Bannister, whom he felt could’ve helped him
with commissions.
2. Was disappointed with sales of his art in both Hartford and Boston.
B. Moved to San Francisco after 1895.
1. Painted and modeled at the Mark Hopkins Institute of Art.
2. Oriental Child (1900) is typical of his work during this period.
VI. Charles Ethan Porter (1847-1923) is known primarily for still-life, fruit and flower paintings,
though he also painted landscapes.
A. Studied at the National Academy of Design in NYC, and at the Barbizon School in
France (1881).
B. Chrysanthemums illustrates a combination of form and color from his earlier work with
“luminous, fluid brushwork and light” from this experience.
VII. (Mary) Edmonia Lewis (1843-1900?) was the first widely recognized African American female
artist in the U.S.
A. Her mother’s Chippewa Indian sisters raised her in Niagara Falls and, later, Genesee
Falls and Watkins Glen, NY.
B. She went to Oberlin College in northern Ohio, where she was accused of poisoning two
girls and was abducted and brutally beaten by vigilantes.
C. She left for Boston around 1862.
1. She studied briefly with sculptor Edmond Brackett.

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2. She opened a studio with the money from the sale of some of her works, and
produced, among others, a medallion of John Brown and a bust of Colonel
Robert Gould Shaw.
D. She moved to Rome, Italy (1865-1874), where she opened another studio and continued
studying. She was “greatly influenced” by Greco-Roman sculpture.
E. She was well received and had many prominent patrons upon her return to the U.S., but
soon sank into obscurity.
F. Her surviving works are:
1. A bust of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (late 1870s), and
2. A bust of Abraham Lincoln (1870).
3. Forever Free (1867)
VIII. Henry Ossawa Tanner (1859-1937) was influenced by his religious middle-class background.
A. He went to the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts at age 21.
1. Thomas Eakins, a genre painter and his teacher, encouraged him to paint genre
subjects rather than landscapes.
B. He opened a photograph gallery in Atlanta in 1888 to earn him time and money to
develop his art, but it was unsuccessful.
C. He photographed, sketched and painted the landscapes and people of North Carolina in
1889.
1. Banjo Lesson (1893) was painted from one of these sketches.
D. He was a part-time teacher of art at Clark College, thanks to his patron Bishop Hartzell,
in 1889.
E. In 1891 he went to Europe, where he fell in love with and moved to Paris.
1. He went to the Académie Julien for 5 years, where his style (Caravagesque, with
the luminous Impressionistic blues) matured.
2. He returned briefly (for less than a year) to Philadelphia, where he exhibited his
works at Earle’s Galleries.
3. The Salon accepted his work.
4. The Thankful Poor (1894)
5. Daniel in the Lions’ Den (1895/1916?) reflects his study with French animal
sculptor Emanuel Frémiet.
6. The Resurrection of Lazarus (1896) earned him a gold medal from the Salon and
a tip to Egypt and Palestine from patron Rodman Wanamaker.
F. He made several trips to the Middle East, and dedicated himself to religious subjects.
1. Christ and Nichodemus (1899) won the Lippincott Prize from the Pennsylvania
Academy of Fine Arts.
2. The Two Disciples at the Tomb (1906)
3. The Disciples of Emmaus
4. Flight into Egypt (1916)

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G. He worked at a Red Cross camp from 1914 to 1918 and produced World War I Canteen
(1918).
H. Among his honors are membership in the National Academy of Design and designation
as chevalier of the French Legion of Honor.
IX. Meta Vaux Warrick (Fuller) (1877-1968) displayed an emotional intensity in her work that was
off-putting to many of her contemporaries.
A. She earned a scholarship (1894) to the Pennsylvania School of Industrial Arts, where she
studied for 5 years.
B. She spent 3 years at the Colarossi Academy in Paris (1899), where she met great
sculptors (Rodin)
C. The Wretched (1903) was exhibited at the Paris Salon.
D. She returned to the Pennsylvania School of Industrial Arts in 1904 and won the school’s
top prize for ceramics.
E. She created a sculptural tableau of the history of African Americans for the Jamestown
Tercentennial Exposition. (1907)
F. She married Dr. Solomon Fuller in 1909 and settled in Farmington, MA.
1. She joined the Boston Art Club, the Wellesley Society of Artists, the Women’s
Club and the Civil League.
2. A fire in her studio destroyed many of her most “anguished” works. (1910)
X. William Edouard Scott (1884-1964) was one of the first African American painters in the U.S. to
break free from European tradition.
A. He studied at the Art Institute of Chicago, at the Julien and Colarossi academies, and with
Henry O. Tanner.
1. La Pauvre Voisine (1912) was accepted by the Paris Salon.
2. La Connoisseure was exhibited at the Royal Academy in London (1913).
B. In 1931 he visited Haiti, where he produced 144 works, most depicting ordinary people.
1. Haitian Fisherman (ca 1931)
2. When the Tide Is Out (ca 1931)
C. He returned to the U.S. in 1932, and painted the walls of many public buildings in
Indiana, Illinois, and West Virginia, as well as the 135th St. YMCA in NYC.
XI. Laura Wheeler Waring (1887-1948)
A. She attended the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, and upon graduation was awarded
a scholarship to study in Europe.
B. She studied at the Académie de la Grande Chaumière in Paris (1924-25)
C. She then began teaching at Cheyney State College in Pennsylvania.
D. Her style was a mix of Expressionism and Romanticism, with other unique elements.
1. Frankie (or Portrait of a Child) (1937)
2. Anne Washington Derry

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