Recall ASCP 07- 08- Must to know Needs long chain fatty acid- M.

. furfur Gram (-) diplococci; (+) lactose, maltose, dextrose, sucrose= N. lactamica Scotch tape method- E. vermicularis No sugar fermented, gram (-) diplococci, Oxidase (+) = Moraxella catarrhalis RPR next test for Treponemes = FTA-ABS Rotavirus specimen= stool Resistant to Optochin= viridans streptococci Gliding motility- Capnocytophaga sp Yellow smooth colony on EYA, AFB = M. gordonae Rapid grower AFB= Arylsulfatase (+) Virulence factor for B. anthracis= capsule S. maltophilia difference from other NF gram negative rod = Oxidase (-), Dnase (+) NFO, not fluoresce, non motile- B. mallei P. aeruginosa like organism in cystic fibrosis= B. cepacia H. pylori= gastritis, rapid urease S. paratyphi= lysine (-), H2S (-) Cryptospridium stain = Kinyoun AFB Walking pneumonia, resistant to antibiotics, without cell wall= M. pneumoniae E. cloacae= indole (-), citrate (+), lysine (-), ornithine (+), xanthine (+) Butchers cut, H2S (+), gram (+) rod, alpha hemolytic, non motile= E. rhusiopathiae High risk to lab personnel- C. immitis Motility of Listeria is seen at temp= room temp Hair perforation test= T. mentagrophytes Fusiform macroconidia= Fusarium Vancomysin (S), Penicillin (R)= MRSA CSF storage after inoculation= 35C Bile esculin positive spp = group D strep Biochemical profile of Moraxella catarrhalis= Dnase (+), tributyrin HOH (+), reduce nitrate, Oxidase (+) Favic chandelier growth of molds= T. schoenleini Modified acid fast stain = Nocardia spp Microbiology QC Daily = Oxidase, GS, Catalase Weekly= Antibiotics, Biochem Basic Bacteriology Sodium hypochlorite (bleach)= spillage d.

NALC = liquefy mucus BSL III= M. tuberculosis Autoclave- 121C at 15lbs/psi , 15-20 mins HEPA filter, negative pressure - BSC Pasteurization milk disinfection Incineration waste disposal Wayson stain= polar bodies of Y. pestis Negative stain= capsule Gimenez = Rickettsiae Iodine stain = inclusion body with glycogen Wright/ Giemsa stain= Borrelia

GRAM POSITIVE COCCI

Gram stain
Gram positive cocci

( Novobiocin resistant test = differentiate CNS )

Catalase
Staphylococci
Streptococci or Enterococci

MRSA= 35C, 2% NaCl BAP, Vancomycin Tx Bile esculin HOH = group D Strep Tube Coagulase test= free and bound Sheep blood agar= Streptococci Optochin, bile solubility = Strep. pneumoniae PYR HOH = S. pyogenes , Enterococci SXT sensitive= Group C, F, G beta strep CAMP and Hippurate HOH = Grp B strep Modified Oxidase, OF test = Micrococcus Catalase = 3% H2O2; Staph and Strep Dnase (+) = clear zone/pink zone ( S. aureus) Vancomycin resistant= Pediococcus and Leuconostoc Dicks test = scarlet fever Abiotrophia = NVS ( Vit B6) UTI = Staph. saprophyticus, Enterococci Prosthetic heart valve inf.= S. epidermidis # 1 skin, wound infection= Staph. aureus # 1 sore throat = Strep. pyogenes # 1 neonatal meningitis= Strep. agalactiae # 1 bacterial pneumonia, # 1 meningitis, # 1 otitis media = Strep. pneumoniae

Oxidase test = Screen test for Neisseria Catalase test (Superoxol) = 30% H2O2 Sugar Utilization test = Speciate Neisseria Nasopharyngeal swab = Carrier of meningococci SPS = inhibits Neisseria Waterhouse Freidericksen = meningococci Dnase test = Moraxella JEMBEC system = transport for Neisseria BAP and CAP= (+) growth N. meningitidis CAP = (+) growth N. gonorrhea Modified TMA = VCN + trimethoprim \ GRAM POSITIVE BACILLI

CLASSIFICATION: Smith and Browns Classification 2. eta streptococcus Complete (Colorless zone) S. pyogenes, S. agalactiae, Grps C, F & G Niacin test = Yellow (+) for M. tuberculosis Red color (+) = Nitrate red., Tween 80 HOH, Arylsulfatase test MAC = AIDS mycobacterium TCH susceptible= M. bovis Arylsulfatase test= Rapid growers Mycobacteria 42C = M. xenopi Swimming pool granuloma= M. marinum Potassium tellurite medium= Corynebacterium Medusa head, bamboo, square end, ground glass=B. anthracis Antibiotic associated enterocolitis- C. difficile Terminal spore= Clos. tetani Lecithinase= Clos. perfringes Gray to black colonies= Corynebacterium Double zone hemolysis= theta and alpha toxin Botulinum toxin = canned goods 10u Penicillin disk test= B. anthracis

3. Gamma streptococcus no hemolysis ( no zone) E. fecalis, E. faecium, S. bovis GRAM NEGATIVE COCCI Gram negative cocci Growth on Thayer-Martin agar Pathogenic Neisseria spp.

Other Neisseria spp.

( )

Gas gangrene= C. perfringes Blood culture contaminant- P. acne SPS disk test = P. anaerobius Peptone yeast extract glucose (PYG)= anaerobes GLC = analysis of acid prod. by anaerobes BACTEC 9240/9120 = Fluorescence Actinomyces= lumpy jaw Brick red fluorescence= Veillonella, Prevotella KV agar, KVC resistant, 20% bile= B. fragilis Lactobacillus = Catalase (-), Doderlein bacilli

Non photochromogens (MAC)

Non photochromogens (MTC)

TB complex

Rapid growers Photochromogens

Gram Negative Bacilli

Scotochromogens

Methyl red test opposite reaction with VP test

PAD (+), Urease (+), LD (+)= tribe Proteeae Oxidase negative = Enterics Dnase (+) = Serratia Yellow pigment = E. sakazakii E. coli = bacteuria Non motile = Klebsiella, Shigella, Tatumella Sulfanilic acid, alpha napthylamine= NO3-NO2 Campylobacter = microaerophiles Bile lactose media= enterics H2S producer = Salmonella, Proteus, Edward. Arizona, Citrobacter ONPG = slow lactose fermenter Salmonella related to Citrobacter Shigella related to E.coli Travellers diarrhea= Enterotoxigenic E. coli O129, Oxidase test = Vibrio and Aeromonas Lysine (-), H2S (-) = S. paratyphi A Rice water stool, string test (+) = V. cholerae Green TCBS= V. parahemolyticus Moellers medium = LOA test Mineral oil on LOA medium= anaerobic IMViC = E. coli vs Enterobacter, Klebsiella Urease test= Helicobacter & Campylobacter Hippurate HOH = C. jejuni Sorbitol (colorless) on MacConkey= O157:H7 Red (+) = Indole, MR, VP, Urease, NO3-NO2 Blue (+) = Citrate, Acetamide, Acetate,

P-M-P Group (Proteeae)

Salmonella, Shigella, Serratia

Malonate Utilization test Purple (+) = LOA, Hippurate, LIA, Oxidase Yellow (+) = ONPG, TSI, V. cholerae TCBS Coliforms (Rapid LF) Non Fermentative Orgs ( NFO) Growth on BAP & MacConkey TSI = K/K Oxidase test, Motility, O-F test, Pigment Decarboxylation of amino acid (LOA) TSI K/K= NFO except Shewanella (H2S) OF medium = Inc. CHO, Dec. CHON Oxidase (-) = Stenotrophomonas, Acinetobacter MacConkey (-)=Eikenella,Kingella,Mora., Flavo Pyocyanin (+), Grape like = P. aeruginosa Growth at 42C = P. aeruginosa, B. pseudomallei Wrinkled colony= P. stutzeri, B. pseudomallei Cetrimide agar = P. aeruginosa Pits agar= Kingella, Eikenella Oxidase and MacConkey = Acinetobacter

Arizona, Citrobacter

and Chryseobacterium Swimmers ear, Burn, Nosocomial = P. aeruginosa Cystic fibrosis P. aeruginosa, B. cepacia Glanders, Non motile = B. mallei Melioidosis = B. pseudomallei Oxidase (-), Dnase (+) = S. maltophilia

O-F test Indicator: Bromthymol blue Positive: Acid (Yellow); Negative: No acid (Green) Metaboli sm Oxidative Tube w/o oil Tube w/ O/F result (open) oil (close Yellow green yellow green +/+/+ -/-

Pits agar, human bite wound = Eikenella Intracellular = Brucella (undulant fever) Francisella(deerfly fever) Tumbling motility at 25C = Listeria Butchers cut, H2S (+) , Catalase (+), Gram(+) rod = Erysiphilothrix BCYE, air conditioner, Pontiac f.= Legionella Neonatal meningitis, still birth, food poisoning (cheese), septic abortion = Listeria Jaundice, urine of rat in flood = Leptospirosis Darkfield microscopy= spirochetes Hard chancre = Treponema McCoy = C. trachomatis NGU, PID, Conjunctivitis, LGV = C. trachomatis Weil-Felix = Rickettsiae Inclusion body = Chlamydia Giemsa/Wright stain = Borrelia ( relapsing fever) Iodine stain = C. trachomatis (glycogen) DFA = Chlamydia antigen Vincents angina = Borrelia and Fusobacterium L forms, haverhill fever, rat bite fever, SPS sensitive = S. monoliformis Violet colony- Chromobacterium Whipples disease- Trophyrema Granuloma inguinale = Callymatobacterium Oroya fever, infects RBC = B. bacilliformis Cat scratch dse= B. henselae Infects WBC , morulae body= Ehrlichia Wall less, hemadsorption, PAP = M. pneumoniae Fried egg, NGU, urease (+) A7 medium, T strain.= Ureaplasma TWAR strain= Chlamydia pneumonia Tick transmit= Lyme, RMSF, Ehrlichia Chigger = Orientia tsutsugamushi (Proteus Ox-K ) Louse = Epidemic typhus Rat flea = Endemic typhus DFA = Chlamydia antigen Fletchers = Leptospira Periodontal = Capnocytophaga Clue cell, HBTA, V agar, 10% KOH test = G. vaginalis Star like colony= Actinobacillus Gliding motility- capnocytophaga

Fermentat Yellow ive Non Green Fermentat ive

PARVOBACTERIA GRAM NEGATIVE COCCOBACILLUS FASTIDIOUS ORGANISMS Haemophilus Require X (hemin) and V ( NAD) Satellitism (H. influenzae) Media of choice: CAP (horse blood) X and V, Satellitisim = H. influenzae Cysteine require= F. tularensis (BSL-III) Thionine and Fuchsin = Brucella Oxidase, Urease, Motility= Bordetella (-) BAP, (-) Mac , (+) CAP = Haemophilus XV and V strips = H. parainfluenzae (V factor) CAP= CSF Porphyrin test = X factor require, Red (+), ALA Motile, Oxidase, Urease (+)= B. bronchiseptica CO2, H2S, thionine inhibited= B. abortus NOT inhibited by thionine-fuchsin= B. melitensis Whooping cough = B. pertusis Endocarditis, Castaneda = Brucella Epiglotitis, Meningitis,Otitis media, Pneumo.= Hib Soft chancre = H. ducreyi Safety pin, animal bite wound = Pasteurella

 MYCOLOGY Hyphae and spore basic structure of fungi SDA general culture media Czapeks medium Aspergillus Germ tube & Chlamydospore= C. albicans Malassezia furfur Tinea versicolor Cell membrane target of ketoconazole, amphoteracin B Trichophyton skin, hair and nails Hair Baiting test T. mentagrophytes Red color and tear drop conidia T. rubrum Favic chandelier (antler) T. schoenleinii Club shape macroconidia- Epidermophyton Coenocytic hyphae- Class Phycomycetes or Zygomycetes Ascospore Saccharomyces cerevisiae Niger (birdseed) seed agar (+) , urease (+), phenol oxidase (+), India Ink = C. neoformans Germ tube & arthrospore-Geotrichum candidum Arthrospore Geotrichum, Coccidioides , Trichosporon, Aureobasidium Blastospores yeast Pseudohyphae- Candida,Geotrichum, Trichosporon Germ tube (+) C. albicans, C. stellatoidea Swab unsuitable for fungal culture 10% KOH direct microscopic, clearing agent Slide culture (microculture) - save media LPCB = common fungal stain PAS = histologic fungal stain Wright/Giemsa- H. capsulatum Dematiaceous Phaeohyphomycosis agent Dichotomous branching hyphae-Aspergillus Thrush, Diaper rash, Moniliasis- Candida Meningitis, encapsulated yeast-C. neoformans Pink yeast, Urease (+), blastospore- Rhodotorula Fusiform, sickle cell shape- Fusiform Actinomyces- sulfur granules Nocardia partial acid fast Macroconidia, microconidia- dermatophytes Sputum- common specimen systemic mycoses CHO assimilation- ID of yeast, free of CHO BHIA dimorphic fungi High risk to lab personnel, spherule with endospore- C. immitis Chloramphenicol and cycloheximide- Inhibitory agent for mycosel/mycobiotic

Cigar shape, flowerlike, sleeves, asteroid- S. schenckii Pigeons droppings- C. neoformans Guanos, bats, starlings dropping- H. capsulatum Granules, mycetoma- P. boydii Sclerotic, chromomycosis- Fonsecae, Phialophora, Cladosporium Mariners wheel, multiple buds- P. brasiliensis Broad based budding yeast- B. dermatitidis Fusiform macroconidia= Fusarium VIRUS Either DNA or RNA Obligate intracellular pathogen Filtrable agent; nanometer Electron microscopy Cell line or tissue culture Not sensitive to antibiotic a nucleic acid genome (RNA or DNA) Capsid - a protective protein coat Envelope - lipid derived from the host cell m. Viral morphology ( electron microscope) Capsid symmetry o Icosahedral DNA, some RNA viruses o Helical RNA viruses o Complex ( Poxvirus)

VIROLOGY 1. Ether resistant naked virus 2. Ether sensitive enveloped virus 3. Acid labile - rhinovirus 4. Acid stable - enterovirus 5. Infantile diarrhea - rotavirus 6. Myxoviruses has H and N 7. Hemagglutination/Hemadsorption 8. Reyes syndrome- Chickenpox, influenza 9. Bronchiolitis in children - RSV 10. Hepatitis Yellow fever, Hep B, CMV 11. Pancreatitis Mumps, Coxsackie B40 virus 12. Reservoir of Togavirus- birds 13. D-S RNA - Reovirus 14. S-S DNA - Parvovirus 15. TZANCK smear HSV and VZV 16. Latent Infection - Herpesvirus 17. Rubeola virus - measles 18. Rubella virus german measles 19. SSPE measles virus 20. PML JC virus (polyoma) 21. Prion- Spongiform encephalopathy 22. Viroid- RNA (HDV)

23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36.

Human embryonic fibroblast cell- CMV PMKC, MDCK, hens egg- Influenzae 5th disease - Parvovirus 4th disease Dukes disease Kaposis sarcoma HHV-8 Filoviridae Marburg and Ebola Coronavirus SARS Influenzae virus H5:N1 ( birds flu) Use cotton, dacron, nylon swab virus Delay of 3 days= 4C (refrigerator) Delay of 4 days= -70C not -20C CPE tissue culture 33C - rhinovirus Negative stain / gold, silver/ phosphotungstic acid Electron microscope 37. Roller drum hold cell culture tube DNA Viruses (HHAPPPy) Herpesvirus 1. All are D-S DNA except Hepadnavirus Parvovirus Adenovirus 2. All are icosahedral Poxvirus except Poxvirus Papovavirus 3. All are enveloped except Parvovirus PAP (Papovavirus, Adenovirus, Rule: RNA viruses 1. All are S-S RNA except Reovirus 2. All are enveloped except PCR - Picornavirus, Calicivirus, Reovirus 3. All are non segmented except ROBA Reovirus, Orthomyxovirus, Bunyavirus, Arenavirus 4. Generally helical except the positive sense RNA viruses 5. Positive Sense- Call Pico and Flo To Come Right 6. Negative Sense Pairing OF Rats at Bunnys Area